=head1 DESCRIPTION
-L<DOM::Tiny> is a minimalistic and relaxed HTML/XML DOM parser with CSS
-selector support based on L<Mojo::DOM>. It will even try to interpret broken
-HTML and XML, so you should not use it for validation.
+L<DOM::Tiny> is a minimalistic and relaxed pure-perl HTML/XML DOM parser based
+on L<Mojo::DOM>. It supports the L<HTML Living Standard|https://html.spec.whatwg.org/>
+and L<Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0|http://www.w3.org/TR/xml/>, and
+matching based on L<CSS3 selectors|http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/>. It will
+even try to interpret broken HTML and XML, so you should not use it for
+validation.
=head1 NODES AND ELEMENTS
my $dom = DOM::Tiny->new->xml(0)->parse('<P ID="greeting">Hi!</P>');
say $dom->at('p[id]')->text;
+=head1 SELECTORS
+
+L<DOM::Tiny> uses a CSS selector engine based on L<Mojo::DOM::CSS>. All CSS
+selectors that make sense for a standalone parser are supported.
+
+=over
+
+=item Z<>*
+
+Any element.
+
+ my $all = $dom->find('*');
+
+=item E
+
+An element of type C<E>.
+
+ my $title = $dom->at('title');
+
+=item E[foo]
+
+An C<E> element with a C<foo> attribute.
+
+ my $links = $dom->find('a[href]');
+
+=item E[foo="bar"]
+
+An C<E> element whose C<foo> attribute value is exactly equal to C<bar>.
+
+ my $case_sensitive = $dom->find('input[type="hidden"]');
+ my $case_sensitive = $dom->find('input[type=hidden]');
+
+=item E[foo="bar" i]
+
+An C<E> element whose C<foo> attribute value is exactly equal to any
+(ASCII-range) case-permutation of C<bar>. Note that this selector is
+EXPERIMENTAL and might change without warning!
+
+ my $case_insensitive = $dom->find('input[type="hidden" i]');
+ my $case_insensitive = $dom->find('input[type=hidden i]');
+ my $case_insensitive = $dom->find('input[class~="foo" i]');
+
+This selector is part of
+L<Selectors Level 4|http://dev.w3.org/csswg/selectors-4>, which is still a work
+in progress.
+
+=item E[foo~="bar"]
+
+An C<E> element whose C<foo> attribute value is a list of whitespace-separated
+values, one of which is exactly equal to C<bar>.
+
+ my $foo = $dom->find('input[class~="foo"]');
+ my $foo = $dom->find('input[class~=foo]');
+
+=item E[foo^="bar"]
+
+An C<E> element whose C<foo> attribute value begins exactly with the string
+C<bar>.
+
+ my $begins_with = $dom->find('input[name^="f"]');
+ my $begins_with = $dom->find('input[name^=f]');
+
+=item E[foo$="bar"]
+
+An C<E> element whose C<foo> attribute value ends exactly with the string
+C<bar>.
+
+ my $ends_with = $dom->find('input[name$="o"]');
+ my $ends_with = $dom->find('input[name$=o]');
+
+=item E[foo*="bar"]
+
+An C<E> element whose C<foo> attribute value contains the substring C<bar>.
+
+ my $contains = $dom->find('input[name*="fo"]');
+ my $contains = $dom->find('input[name*=fo]');
+
+=item E:root
+
+An C<E> element, root of the document.
+
+ my $root = $dom->at(':root');
+
+=item E:nth-child(n)
+
+An C<E> element, the C<n-th> child of its parent.
+
+ my $third = $dom->find('div:nth-child(3)');
+ my $odd = $dom->find('div:nth-child(odd)');
+ my $even = $dom->find('div:nth-child(even)');
+ my $top3 = $dom->find('div:nth-child(-n+3)');
+
+=item E:nth-last-child(n)
+
+An C<E> element, the C<n-th> child of its parent, counting from the last one.
+
+ my $third = $dom->find('div:nth-last-child(3)');
+ my $odd = $dom->find('div:nth-last-child(odd)');
+ my $even = $dom->find('div:nth-last-child(even)');
+ my $bottom3 = $dom->find('div:nth-last-child(-n+3)');
+
+=item E:nth-of-type(n)
+
+An C<E> element, the C<n-th> sibling of its type.
+
+ my $third = $dom->find('div:nth-of-type(3)');
+ my $odd = $dom->find('div:nth-of-type(odd)');
+ my $even = $dom->find('div:nth-of-type(even)');
+ my $top3 = $dom->find('div:nth-of-type(-n+3)');
+
+=item E:nth-last-of-type(n)
+
+An C<E> element, the C<n-th> sibling of its type, counting from the last one.
+
+ my $third = $dom->find('div:nth-last-of-type(3)');
+ my $odd = $dom->find('div:nth-last-of-type(odd)');
+ my $even = $dom->find('div:nth-last-of-type(even)');
+ my $bottom3 = $dom->find('div:nth-last-of-type(-n+3)');
+
+=item E:first-child
+
+An C<E> element, first child of its parent.
+
+ my $first = $dom->find('div p:first-child');
+
+=item E:last-child
+
+An C<E> element, last child of its parent.
+
+ my $last = $dom->find('div p:last-child');
+
+=item E:first-of-type
+
+An C<E> element, first sibling of its type.
+
+ my $first = $dom->find('div p:first-of-type');
+
+=item E:last-of-type
+
+An C<E> element, last sibling of its type.
+
+ my $last = $dom->find('div p:last-of-type');
+
+=item E:only-child
+
+An C<E> element, only child of its parent.
+
+ my $lonely = $dom->find('div p:only-child');
+
+=item E:only-of-type
+
+An C<E> element, only sibling of its type.
+
+ my $lonely = $dom->find('div p:only-of-type');
+
+=item E:empty
+
+An C<E> element that has no children (including text nodes).
+
+ my $empty = $dom->find(':empty');
+
+=item E:checked
+
+A user interface element C<E> which is checked (for instance a radio-button or
+checkbox).
+
+ my $input = $dom->find(':checked');
+
+=item E.warning
+
+An C<E> element whose class is "warning".
+
+ my $warning = $dom->find('div.warning');
+
+=item E#myid
+
+An C<E> element with C<ID> equal to "myid".
+
+ my $foo = $dom->at('div#foo');
+
+=item E:not(s)
+
+An C<E> element that does not match simple selector C<s>.
+
+ my $others = $dom->find('div p:not(:first-child)');
+
+=item E F
+
+An C<F> element descendant of an C<E> element.
+
+ my $headlines = $dom->find('div h1');
+
+=item E E<gt> F
+
+An C<F> element child of an C<E> element.
+
+ my $headlines = $dom->find('html > body > div > h1');
+
+=item E + F
+
+An C<F> element immediately preceded by an C<E> element.
+
+ my $second = $dom->find('h1 + h2');
+
+=item E ~ F
+
+An C<F> element preceded by an C<E> element.
+
+ my $second = $dom->find('h1 ~ h2');
+
+=item E, F, G
+
+Elements of type C<E>, C<F> and C<G>.
+
+ my $headlines = $dom->find('h1, h2, h3');
+
+=item E[foo=bar][bar=baz]
+
+An C<E> element whose attributes match all following attribute selectors.
+
+ my $links = $dom->find('a[foo^=b][foo$=ar]');
+
+=back
+
+=head1 OPERATORS
+
+L<DOM::Tiny> overloads the following operators.
+
+=head2 array
+
+ my @nodes = @$dom;
+
+Alias for L</"child_nodes">.
+
+ # "<!-- Test -->"
+ $dom->parse('<!-- Test --><b>123</b>')->[0];
+
+=head2 bool
+
+ my $bool = !!$dom;
+
+Always true.
+
+=head2 hash
+
+ my %attrs = %$dom;
+
+Alias for L</"attr">.
+
+ # "test"
+ $dom->parse('<div id="test">Test</div>')->at('div')->{id};
+
+=head2 stringify
+
+ my $str = "$dom";
+
+Alias for L</"to_string">.
+
=head1 METHODS
L<DOM::Tiny> implements the following methods.
my $collection = $dom->ancestors('div ~ p');
Find all ancestor elements of this node matching the CSS selector and return a
-L<DOM::Tiny::Collection> object containing these elements as L<DOM::Tiny>
-objects. All selectors from L<DOM::Tiny::CSS/"SELECTORS"> are supported.
+L<collection|/"COLLECTION METHODS"> containing these elements as L<DOM::Tiny>
+objects. All selectors listed in L</"SELECTORS"> are supported.
# List tag names of ancestor elements
say $dom->ancestors->map('tag')->join("\n");
Find first descendant element of this element matching the CSS selector and
return it as a L<DOM::Tiny> object or return C<undef> if none could be found.
-All selectors from L<DOM::Tiny::CSS/"SELECTORS"> are supported.
+All selectors listed in L</"SELECTORS"> are supported.
# Find first element with "svg" namespace definition
my $namespace = $dom->at('[xmlns\:svg]')->{'xmlns:svg'};
my $collection = $dom->child_nodes;
-Return a L<DOM::Tiny::Collection> object containing all child nodes of this
+Return a L<collection|/"COLLECTION METHODS"> containing all child nodes of this
element as L<DOM::Tiny> objects.
# "<p><b>123</b></p>"
my $collection = $dom->children('div ~ p');
Find all child elements of this element matching the CSS selector and return a
-L<DOM::Tiny::Collection> object containing these elements as L<DOM::Tiny>
-objects. All selectors from L<DOM::Tiny::CSS/"SELECTORS"> are supported.
+L<collection|/"COLLECTION METHODS"> containing these elements as L<DOM::Tiny>
+objects. All selectors listed in L</"SELECTORS"> are supported.
# Show tag name of random child element
say $dom->children->shuffle->first->tag;
my $collection = $dom->descendant_nodes;
-Return a L<DOM::Tiny::Collection> object containing all descendant nodes of
+Return a L<collection|/"COLLECTION METHODS"> containing all descendant nodes of
this element as L<DOM::Tiny> objects.
# "<p><b>123</b></p>"
my $collection = $dom->find('div ~ p');
Find all descendant elements of this element matching the CSS selector and
-return a L<DOM::Tiny::Collection> object containing these elements as
-L<DOM::Tiny> objects. All selectors from L<DOM::Tiny::CSS/"SELECTORS"> are
-supported.
+return a L<collection|/"COLLECTION METHODS"> containing these elements as
+L<DOM::Tiny> objects. All selectors listed in L</"SELECTORS"> are supported.
# Find a specific element and extract information
my $id = $dom->find('div')->[23]{id};
my $collection = $dom->following('div ~ p');
Find all sibling elements after this node matching the CSS selector and return
-a L<DOM::Tiny::Collection> object containing these elements as L<DOM::Tiny>
-objects. All selectors from L<DOM::Tiny::CSS/"SELECTORS"> are supported.
+a L<collection|/"COLLECTION METHODS"> containing these elements as L<DOM::Tiny>
+objects. All selectors listen in L</"SELECTORS"> are supported.
# List tags of sibling elements after this node
say $dom->following->map('tag')->join("\n");
my $collection = $dom->following_nodes;
-Return a L<DOM::Tiny::Collection> object containing all sibling nodes after
+Return a L<collection|/"COLLECTION METHODS"> containing all sibling nodes after
this node as L<DOM::Tiny> objects.
# "C"
my $bool = $dom->matches('div ~ p');
-Check if this element matches the CSS selector. All selectors from
-L<DOM::Tiny::CSS/"SELECTORS"> are supported.
+Check if this element matches the CSS selector. All selectors listed in
+L</"SELECTORS"> are supported.
# True
$dom->parse('<p class="a">A</p>')->at('p')->matches('.a');
$dom = $dom->parse('<foo bar="baz">I ♥ DOM::Tiny!</foo>');
-Parse HTML/XML fragment with L<DOM::Tiny::HTML>.
+Parse HTML/XML fragment.
# Parse XML
my $dom = DOM::Tiny->new->xml(1)->parse($xml);
my $collection = $dom->preceding('div ~ p');
Find all sibling elements before this node matching the CSS selector and return
-a L<DOM::Tiny::Collection> object containing these elements as L<DOM::Tiny>
-objects. All selectors from L<DOM::Tiny::CSS/"SELECTORS"> are supported.
+a L<collection|/"COLLECTION METHODS"> containing these elements as L<DOM::Tiny>
+objects. All selectors listed in L</"SELECTORS"> are supported.
# List tags of sibling elements before this node
say $dom->preceding->map('tag')->join("\n");
my $collection = $dom->preceding_nodes;
-Return a L<DOM::Tiny::Collection> object containing all sibling nodes before
-this node as L<DOM::Tiny> objects.
+Return a L<collection|/"COLLECTION METHODS"> containing all sibling nodes
+before this node as L<DOM::Tiny> objects.
# "A"
$dom->parse('A<!-- B --><p>C</p>')->at('p')->preceding_nodes->first->content;
Disable HTML semantics in parser and activate case-sensitivity, defaults to
auto detection based on processing instructions.
-=head1 OPERATORS
+=head1 COLLECTION METHODS
-L<DOM::Tiny> overloads the following operators.
+Some L<DOM::Tiny> methods return an array-based collection object based on
+L<Mojo::Collection>, which can either be accessed directly as an array
+reference, or with the following methods.
-=head2 array
+ # Chain methods
+ $collection->map(sub { ucfirst })->shuffle->each(sub {
+ my ($word, $num) = @_;
+ say "$num: $word";
+ });
- my @nodes = @$dom;
+ # Access array directly to manipulate collection
+ $collection->[23] += 100;
+ say for @$collection;
-Alias for L</"child_nodes">.
+=head2 compact
- # "<!-- Test -->"
- $dom->parse('<!-- Test --><b>123</b>')->[0];
+ my $new = $collection->compact;
-=head2 bool
+Create a new collection with all elements that are defined and not an empty
+string.
- my $bool = !!$dom;
+ # $collection contains (0, 1, undef, 2, '', 3)
+ $collection->compact->join(', '); # "0, 1, 2, 3"
-Always true.
+=head2 each
-=head2 hash
+ my @elements = $collection->each;
+ $collection = $collection->each(sub {...});
- my %attrs = %$dom;
+Evaluate callback for each element in collection or return all elements as a
+list if none has been provided. The element will be the first argument passed
+to the callback and is also available as C<$_>.
-Alias for L</"attr">.
+ # Make a numbered list
+ $collection->each(sub {
+ my ($e, $num) = @_;
+ say "$num: $e";
+ });
- # "test"
- $dom->parse('<div id="test">Test</div>')->at('div')->{id};
+=head2 first
-=head2 stringify
+ my $first = $collection->first;
+ my $first = $collection->first(qr/foo/);
+ my $first = $collection->first(sub {...});
+ my $first = $collection->first($method);
+ my $first = $collection->first($method, @args);
- my $str = "$dom";
+Evaluate regular expression/callback for, or call method on, each element in
+collection and return the first one that matched the regular expression, or for
+which the callback/method returned true. The element will be the first argument
+passed to the callback and is also available as C<$_>.
-Alias for L</"to_string">.
+ # Longer version
+ my $first = $collection->first(sub { $_->$method(@args) });
+
+ # Find first value that contains the word "tiny"
+ my $interesting = $collection->first(qr/tiny/i);
+
+ # Find first value that is greater than 5
+ my $greater = $collection->first(sub { $_ > 5 });
+
+=head2 flatten
+
+ my $new = $collection->flatten;
+
+Flatten nested collections/arrays recursively and create a new collection with
+all elements.
+
+ # $collection contains (1, [2, [3, 4], 5, [6]], 7)
+ $collection->flatten->join(', '); # "1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7"
+
+=head2 grep
+
+ my $new = $collection->grep(qr/foo/);
+ my $new = $collection->grep(sub {...});
+ my $new = $collection->grep($method);
+ my $new = $collection->grep($method, @args);
+
+Evaluate regular expression/callback for, or call method on, each element in
+collection and create a new collection with all elements that matched the
+regular expression, or for which the callback/method returned true. The element
+will be the first argument passed to the callback and is also available as
+C<$_>.
+
+ # Longer version
+ my $new = $collection->grep(sub { $_->$method(@args) });
+
+ # Find all values that contain the word "tiny"
+ my $interesting = $collection->grep(qr/tiny/i);
+
+ # Find all values that are greater than 5
+ my $greater = $collection->grep(sub { $_ > 5 });
+
+=head2 join
+
+ my $stream = $collection->join;
+ my $stream = $collection->join("\n");
+
+Turn collection into string.
+
+ # Join all values with commas
+ $collection->join(', ');
+
+=head2 last
+
+ my $last = $collection->last;
+
+Return the last element in collection.
+
+=head2 map
+
+ my $new = $collection->map(sub {...});
+ my $new = $collection->map($method);
+ my $new = $collection->map($method, @args);
+
+Evaluate callback for, or call method on, each element in collection and create
+a new collection from the results. The element will be the first argument
+passed to the callback and is also available as C<$_>.
+
+ # Longer version
+ my $new = $collection->map(sub { $_->$method(@args) });
+
+ # Append the word "tiny" to all values
+ my $domified = $collection->map(sub { $_ . 'tiny' });
+
+=head2 reduce
+
+ my $result = $collection->reduce(sub {...});
+ my $result = $collection->reduce(sub {...}, $initial);
+
+Reduce elements in collection with callback, the first element will be used as
+initial value if none has been provided.
+
+ # Calculate the sum of all values
+ my $sum = $collection->reduce(sub { $a + $b });
+
+ # Count how often each value occurs in collection
+ my $hash = $collection->reduce(sub { $a->{$b}++; $a }, {});
+
+=head2 reverse
+
+ my $new = $collection->reverse;
+
+Create a new collection with all elements in reverse order.
+
+=head2 slice
+
+ my $new = $collection->slice(4 .. 7);
+
+Create a new collection with all selected elements.
+
+ # $collection contains ('A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E')
+ $collection->slice(1, 2, 4)->join(' '); # "B C E"
+
+=head2 shuffle
+
+ my $new = $collection->shuffle;
+
+Create a new collection with all elements in random order.
+
+=head2 size
+
+ my $size = $collection->size;
+
+Number of elements in collection.
+
+=head2 sort
+
+ my $new = $collection->sort;
+ my $new = $collection->sort(sub {...});
+
+Sort elements based on return value of callback and create a new collection
+from the results.
+
+ # Sort values case-insensitive
+ my $case_insensitive = $collection->sort(sub { uc($a) cmp uc($b) });
+
+=head2 tap
+
+ $collection = $collection->tap(sub {...});
+
+Equivalent to L<Mojo::Base/"tap">.
+
+=head2 to_array
+
+ my $array = $collection->to_array;
+
+Turn collection into array reference.
+
+=head2 uniq
+
+ my $new = $collection->uniq;
+ my $new = $collection->uniq(sub {...});
+ my $new = $collection->uniq($method);
+ my $new = $collection->uniq($method, @args);
+
+Create a new collection without duplicate elements, using the string
+representation of either the elements or the return value of the
+callback/method.
+
+ # Longer version
+ my $new = $collection->uniq(sub { $_->$method(@args) });
+
+ # $collection contains ('foo', 'bar', 'bar', 'baz')
+ $collection->uniq->join(' '); # "foo bar baz"
+
+ # $collection contains ([1, 2], [2, 1], [3, 2])
+ $collection->uniq(sub{ $_->[1] })->to_array; # "[[1, 2], [2, 1]]"
=head1 BUGS
=head1 SEE ALSO
-L<Mojo::DOM>, L<XML::LibXML>, L<XML::Twig>, L<HTML::TreeBuilder>, L<XML::Smart>
+L<Mojo::DOM>, L<HTML::TreeBuilder>, L<XML::LibXML>, L<XML::Twig>, L<XML::Smart>
+
+=for Pod::Coverage TO_JSON
=cut
projects / catagits/DOM-Tiny.git / blobdiff