X-Git-Url: http://git.shadowcat.co.uk/gitweb/gitweb.cgi?p=catagits%2FCatalyst-Runtime.git;a=blobdiff_plain;f=lib%2FCatalyst.pm;h=2aa1de20e00d26f7fe1e0fc64b957351904c0030;hp=02b5d606cd7b0d87e4798c9308275af32677745f;hb=a2c6c7b9ce592929b361dbfc88f8f87332b17516;hpb=4b0f97fc6eb94b7d347403cecbf9a71ec5322e37

diff --git a/lib/Catalyst.pm b/lib/Catalyst.pm
index 02b5d60..2aa1de2 100644
--- a/lib/Catalyst.pm
+++ b/lib/Catalyst.pm
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use Moose;
 use Moose::Meta::Class ();
 extends 'Catalyst::Component';
 use Moose::Util qw/find_meta/;
-use B::Hooks::EndOfScope ();
+use namespace::clean -except => 'meta';
 use Catalyst::Exception;
 use Catalyst::Exception::Detach;
 use Catalyst::Exception::Go;
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ use Catalyst::Request::Upload;
 use Catalyst::Response;
 use Catalyst::Utils;
 use Catalyst::Controller;
+use Data::OptList;
 use Devel::InnerPackage ();
-use File::stat;
 use Module::Pluggable::Object ();
 use Text::SimpleTable ();
 use Path::Class::Dir ();
@@ -28,11 +28,19 @@ use Tree::Simple::Visitor::FindByUID;
 use Class::C3::Adopt::NEXT;
 use List::MoreUtils qw/uniq/;
 use attributes;
+use String::RewritePrefix;
+use Catalyst::EngineLoader;
 use utf8;
 use Carp qw/croak carp shortmess/;
 use Try::Tiny;
+use Safe::Isa;
+use Plack::Middleware::Conditional;
+use Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy;
+use Plack::Middleware::IIS6ScriptNameFix;
+use Plack::Middleware::IIS7KeepAliveFix;
+use Plack::Middleware::LighttpdScriptNameFix;
 
-BEGIN { require 5.008004; }
+BEGIN { require 5.008003; }
 
 has stack => (is => 'ro', default => sub { [] });
 has stash => (is => 'rw', default => sub { {} });
@@ -40,8 +48,34 @@ has state => (is => 'rw', default => 0);
 has stats => (is => 'rw');
 has action => (is => 'rw');
 has counter => (is => 'rw', default => sub { {} });
-has request => (is => 'rw', default => sub { $_[0]->request_class->new({}) }, required => 1, lazy => 1);
-has response => (is => 'rw', default => sub { $_[0]->response_class->new({}) }, required => 1, lazy => 1);
+has request => (
+    is => 'rw',
+    default => sub {
+        my $self = shift;
+        $self->request_class->new($self->_build_request_constructor_args);
+    },
+    lazy => 1,
+);
+sub _build_request_constructor_args {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my %p = ( _log => $self->log );
+    $p{_uploadtmp} = $self->_uploadtmp if $self->_has_uploadtmp;
+    \%p;
+}
+
+has response => (
+    is => 'rw',
+    default => sub {
+        my $self = shift;
+        $self->response_class->new($self->_build_response_constructor_args);
+    },
+    lazy => 1,
+);
+sub _build_response_constructor_args {
+    my $self = shift;
+    { _log => $self->log };
+}
+
 has namespace => (is => 'rw');
 
 sub depth { scalar @{ shift->stack || [] }; }
@@ -68,19 +102,17 @@ our $GO        = Catalyst::Exception::Go->new;
 #maybe we should just make them attributes with a default?
 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata($_)
   for qw/components arguments dispatcher engine log dispatcher_class
-  engine_class context_class request_class response_class stats_class
-  setup_finished psgi_app/;
+  engine_loader context_class request_class response_class stats_class
+  setup_finished _psgi_app loading_psgi_file run_options/;
 
 __PACKAGE__->dispatcher_class('Catalyst::Dispatcher');
-__PACKAGE__->engine_class('Catalyst::Engine');
 __PACKAGE__->request_class('Catalyst::Request');
 __PACKAGE__->response_class('Catalyst::Response');
 __PACKAGE__->stats_class('Catalyst::Stats');
 
 # Remember to update this in Catalyst::Runtime as well!
 
-our $VERSION = '5.80018';
-$VERSION = eval $VERSION;
+our $VERSION = '5.90016';
 
 sub import {
     my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
@@ -101,7 +133,12 @@ sub import {
     $meta->superclasses(grep { $_ ne 'Moose::Object' } $meta->superclasses);
 
     unless( $meta->has_method('meta') ){
-        $meta->add_method(meta => sub { Moose::Meta::Class->initialize("${caller}") } );
+        if ($Moose::VERSION >= 1.15) {
+            $meta->_add_meta_method('meta');
+        }
+        else {
+            $meta->add_method(meta => sub { Moose::Meta::Class->initialize("${caller}") } );
+        }
     }
 
     $caller->arguments( [@arguments] );
@@ -110,6 +147,8 @@ sub import {
 
 sub _application { $_[0] }
 
+=encoding UTF-8
+
 =head1 NAME
 
 Catalyst - The Elegant MVC Web Application Framework
@@ -139,7 +178,7 @@ documentation and tutorials.
     use Catalyst qw/-Debug/; # include plugins here as well
 
     ### In lib/MyApp/Controller/Root.pm (autocreated)
-    sub foo : Global { # called for /foo, /foo/1, /foo/1/2, etc.
+    sub foo : Chained('/') Args() { # called for /foo, /foo/1, /foo/1/2, etc.
         my ( $self, $c, @args ) = @_; # args are qw/1 2/ for /foo/1/2
         $c->stash->{template} = 'foo.tt'; # set the template
         # lookup something from db -- stash vars are passed to TT
@@ -157,50 +196,16 @@ documentation and tutorials.
     [% END %]
 
     # called for /bar/of/soap, /bar/of/soap/10, etc.
-    sub bar : Path('/bar/of/soap') { ... }
-
-    # called for all actions, from the top-most controller downwards
-    sub auto : Private {
-        my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
-        if ( !$c->user_exists ) { # Catalyst::Plugin::Authentication
-            $c->res->redirect( '/login' ); # require login
-            return 0; # abort request and go immediately to end()
-        }
-        return 1; # success; carry on to next action
-    }
+    sub bar : Chained('/') PathPart('/bar/of/soap') Args() { ... }
 
     # called after all actions are finished
-    sub end : Private {
+    sub end : Action {
         my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
         if ( scalar @{ $c->error } ) { ... } # handle errors
         return if $c->res->body; # already have a response
         $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' ); # render template
     }
 
-    ### in MyApp/Controller/Foo.pm
-    # called for /foo/bar
-    sub bar : Local { ... }
-
-    # called for /blargle
-    sub blargle : Global { ... }
-
-    # an index action matches /foo, but not /foo/1, etc.
-    sub index : Private { ... }
-
-    ### in MyApp/Controller/Foo/Bar.pm
-    # called for /foo/bar/baz
-    sub baz : Local { ... }
-
-    # first Root auto is called, then Foo auto, then this
-    sub auto : Private { ... }
-
-    # powerful regular expression paths are also possible
-    sub details : Regex('^product/(\w+)/details$') {
-        my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
-        # extract the (\w+) from the URI
-        my $product = $c->req->captures->[0];
-    }
-
 See L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro> for additional information.
 
 =head1 DESCRIPTION
@@ -227,7 +232,7 @@ fully qualify the name by using a unary plus:
         +Fully::Qualified::Plugin::Name
     /;
 
-Special flags like C<-Debug> and C<-Engine> can also be specified as
+Special flags like C<-Debug> can also be specified as
 arguments when Catalyst is loaded:
 
     use Catalyst qw/-Debug My::Module/;
@@ -244,12 +249,8 @@ environment with CATALYST_DEBUG or <MYAPP>_DEBUG. The environment
 settings override the application, with <MYAPP>_DEBUG having the highest
 priority.
 
-=head2 -Engine
-
-Forces Catalyst to use a specific engine. Omit the
-C<Catalyst::Engine::> prefix of the engine name, i.e.:
-
-    use Catalyst qw/-Engine=CGI/;
+This sets the log level to 'debug' and enables full debug output on the
+error screen. If you only want the latter, see L<< $c->debug >>.
 
 =head2 -Home
 
@@ -263,6 +264,14 @@ is replaced with the uppercased name of your application, any "::" in
 the name will be replaced with underscores, e.g. MyApp::Web should use
 MYAPP_WEB_HOME. If both variables are set, the MYAPP_HOME one will be used.
 
+If none of these are set, Catalyst will attempt to automatically detect the
+home directory. If you are working in a development environment, Catalyst
+will try and find the directory containing either Makefile.PL, Build.PL or
+dist.ini. If the application has been installed into the system (i.e.
+you have done C<make install>), then Catalyst will use the path to your
+application module, without the .pm extension (e.g., /foo/MyApp if your
+application was installed at /foo/MyApp.pm)
+
 =head2 -Log
 
     use Catalyst '-Log=warn,fatal,error';
@@ -271,14 +280,15 @@ Specifies a comma-delimited list of log levels.
 
 =head2 -Stats
 
-Enables statistics collection and reporting. You can also force this setting
-from the system environment with CATALYST_STATS or <MYAPP>_STATS. The
-environment settings override the application, with <MYAPP>_STATS having the
-highest priority.
+Enables statistics collection and reporting.
+
+   use Catalyst qw/-Stats=1/;
 
-e.g.
+You can also force this setting from the system environment with CATALYST_STATS
+or <MYAPP>_STATS. The environment settings override the application, with
+<MYAPP>_STATS having the highest priority.
 
-   use Catalyst qw/-Stats=1/
+Stats are also enabled if L<< debugging |/"-Debug" >> is enabled.
 
 =head1 METHODS
 
@@ -327,12 +337,13 @@ call to forward.
 
 Note that L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >> implies
 an C<< eval { } >> around the call (actually
-L<< execute|/"$c->execute( $class, $coderef )" >> does), thus de-fatalizing
-all 'dies' within the called action. If you want C<die> to propagate you
-need to do something like:
+L<< execute|/"$c->execute( $class, $coderef )" >> does), thus rendering all
+exceptions thrown by the called action non-fatal and pushing them onto
+$c->error instead. If you want C<die> to propagate you need to do something
+like:
 
     $c->forward('foo');
-    die $c->error if $c->error;
+    die join "\n", @{ $c->error } if @{ $c->error };
 
 Or make sure to always return true values from your actions and write
 your code like this:
@@ -354,6 +365,8 @@ or stash it like so:
 
 and access it from the stash.
 
+Keep in mind that the C<end> method used is that of the caller action. So a C<$c-E<gt>detach> inside a forwarded action would run the C<end> method from the original action requested.
+
 =cut
 
 sub forward { my $c = shift; no warnings 'recursion'; $c->dispatcher->forward( $c, @_ ) }
@@ -373,8 +386,12 @@ When called with no arguments it escapes the processing chain entirely.
 
 sub detach { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->detach( $c, @_ ) }
 
+=head2 $c->visit( $action [, \@arguments ] )
+
 =head2 $c->visit( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
 
+=head2 $c->visit( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
+
 =head2 $c->visit( $class, $method, [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
 
 Almost the same as L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>,
@@ -389,7 +406,7 @@ L<reverse|Catalyst::Action/reverse> return information for the visited action
 when they are invoked within the visited action.  This is different from the
 behavior of L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>, which
 continues to use the $c->action object from the caller action even when
-invoked from the callee.
+invoked from the called action.
 
 C<< $c->stash >> is kept unchanged.
 
@@ -403,8 +420,12 @@ transfer control to another action as if it had been reached directly from a URL
 
 sub visit { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->visit( $c, @_ ) }
 
+=head2 $c->go( $action [, \@arguments ] )
+
 =head2 $c->go( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
 
+=head2 $c->go( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
+
 =head2 $c->go( $class, $method, [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
 
 The relationship between C<go> and
@@ -417,6 +438,10 @@ with localized C<< $c->action >> and C<< $c->namespace >>. Like C<detach>,
 C<go> escapes the processing of the current request chain on completion, and
 does not return to its caller.
 
+@arguments are arguments to the final destination of $action. @captures are
+arguments to the intermediate steps, if any, on the way to the final sub of
+$action.
+
 =cut
 
 sub go { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->go( $c, @_ ) }
@@ -533,13 +558,13 @@ sub _comp_names_search_prefixes {
     # undef for a name will return all
     return keys %eligible if !defined $name;
 
-    my $query  = ref $name ? $name : qr/^$name$/i;
+    my $query  = $name->$_isa('Regexp') ? $name : qr/^$name$/i;
     my @result = grep { $eligible{$_} =~ m{$query} } keys %eligible;
 
     return @result if @result;
 
     # if we were given a regexp to search against, we're done.
-    return if ref $name;
+    return if $name->$_isa('Regexp');
 
     # skip regexp fallback if configured
     return
@@ -628,7 +653,13 @@ If you want to search for controllers, pass in a regexp as the argument.
 sub controller {
     my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
 
+    my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
     if( $name ) {
+        unless ( $name->$_isa('Regexp') ) { # Direct component hash lookup to avoid costly regexps
+            my $comps = $c->components;
+            my $check = $appclass."::Controller::".$name;
+            return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{$check}, @args ) if exists $comps->{$check};
+        }
         my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Controller C/ );
         return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
         return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
@@ -662,6 +693,11 @@ sub model {
     my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
     my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
     if( $name ) {
+        unless ( $name->$_isa('Regexp') ) { # Direct component hash lookup to avoid costly regexps
+            my $comps = $c->components;
+            my $check = $appclass."::Model::".$name;
+            return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{$check}, @args ) if exists $comps->{$check};
+        }
         my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Model M/ );
         return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
         return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
@@ -716,6 +752,16 @@ sub view {
 
     my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
     if( $name ) {
+        unless ( $name->$_isa('Regexp') ) { # Direct component hash lookup to avoid costly regexps
+            my $comps = $c->components;
+            my $check = $appclass."::View::".$name;
+            if( exists $comps->{$check} ) {
+                return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{$check}, @args );
+            }
+            else {
+                $c->log->warn( "Attempted to use view '$check', but does not exist" );
+            }
+        }
         my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/View V/ );
         return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
         return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
@@ -818,6 +864,9 @@ sub component {
             return $c->_filter_component( $comp, @args ) if $comp;
         }
 
+        return
+            if $c->config->{disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback};
+
         # This is here so $c->comp( '::M::' ) works
         my $query = ref $name ? $name : qr{$name}i;
 
@@ -865,7 +914,7 @@ component is constructed.
 For example:
 
     MyApp->config({ 'Model::Foo' => { bar => 'baz', overrides => 'me' } });
-    MyApp::Model::Foo->config({ quux => 'frob', 'overrides => 'this' });
+    MyApp::Model::Foo->config({ quux => 'frob', overrides => 'this' });
 
 will mean that C<MyApp::Model::Foo> receives the following data when
 constructed:
@@ -876,6 +925,27 @@ constructed:
         overrides => 'me',
     });
 
+It's common practice to use a Moose attribute
+on the receiving component to access the config value.
+
+    package MyApp::Model::Foo;
+
+    use Moose;
+
+    # this attr will receive 'baz' at construction time
+    has 'bar' => (
+        is  => 'rw',
+        isa => 'Str',
+    );
+
+You can then get the value 'baz' by calling $c->model('Foo')->bar
+(or $self->bar inside code in the model).
+
+B<NOTE:> you MUST NOT call C<< $self->config >> or C<< __PACKAGE__->config >>
+as a way of reading config within your code, as this B<will not> give you the
+correctly merged config back. You B<MUST> take the config values supplied to
+the constructor and use those instead.
+
 =cut
 
 around config => sub {
@@ -924,6 +994,8 @@ You can enable debug mode in several ways:
 
 =back
 
+The first three also set the log level to 'debug'.
+
 Calling C<< $c->debug(1) >> has no effect.
 
 =cut
@@ -961,26 +1033,11 @@ sub path_to {
     else { return Path::Class::File->new( $c->config->{home}, @path ) }
 }
 
-=head2 $c->plugin( $name, $class, @args )
-
-Helper method for plugins. It creates a class data accessor/mutator and
-loads and instantiates the given class.
-
-    MyApp->plugin( 'prototype', 'HTML::Prototype' );
-
-    $c->prototype->define_javascript_functions;
-
-B<Note:> This method of adding plugins is deprecated. The ability
-to add plugins like this B<will be removed> in a Catalyst 5.81.
-Please do not use this functionality in new code.
-
-=cut
-
 sub plugin {
     my ( $class, $name, $plugin, @args ) = @_;
 
     # See block comment in t/unit_core_plugin.t
-    $class->log->warn(qq/Adding plugin using the ->plugin method is deprecated, and will be removed in Catalyst 5.81/);
+    $class->log->warn(qq/Adding plugin using the ->plugin method is deprecated, and will be removed in a future release/);
 
     $class->_register_plugin( $plugin, 1 );
 
@@ -1009,6 +1066,9 @@ Catalyst> line.
     MyApp->setup;
     MyApp->setup( qw/-Debug/ );
 
+B<Note:> You B<should not> wrap this method with method modifiers
+or bad things will happen - wrap the C<setup_finalize> method instead.
+
 =cut
 
 sub setup {
@@ -1048,7 +1108,10 @@ sub setup {
     $class->setup_log( delete $flags->{log} );
     $class->setup_plugins( delete $flags->{plugins} );
     $class->setup_dispatcher( delete $flags->{dispatcher} );
-    $class->setup_engine( delete $flags->{engine} );
+    if (my $engine = delete $flags->{engine}) {
+        $class->log->warn("Specifying the engine in ->setup is no longer supported, see Catalyst::Upgrading");
+    }
+    $class->setup_engine();
     $class->setup_stats( delete $flags->{stats} );
 
     for my $flag ( sort keys %{$flags} ) {
@@ -1135,29 +1198,6 @@ EOF
         $class->log->info("$name powered by Catalyst $Catalyst::VERSION");
     }
 
-    # Make sure that the application class becomes immutable at this point,
-    B::Hooks::EndOfScope::on_scope_end {
-        return if $@;
-        my $meta = Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class);
-        if (
-            $meta->is_immutable
-            && ! { $meta->immutable_options }->{replace_constructor}
-            && (
-                   $class->isa('Class::Accessor::Fast')
-                || $class->isa('Class::Accessor')
-            )
-        ) {
-            warn "You made your application class ($class) immutable, "
-                . "but did not inline the\nconstructor. "
-                . "This will break catalyst, as your app \@ISA "
-                . "Class::Accessor(::Fast)?\nPlease pass "
-                . "(replace_constructor => 1)\nwhen making your class immutable.\n";
-        }
-        $meta->make_immutable(
-            replace_constructor => 1,
-        ) unless $meta->is_immutable;
-    };
-
     if ($class->config->{case_sensitive}) {
         $class->log->warn($class . "->config->{case_sensitive} is set.");
         $class->log->warn("This setting is deprecated and planned to be removed in Catalyst 5.81.");
@@ -1170,23 +1210,20 @@ EOF
     return 1; # Explicit return true as people have __PACKAGE__->setup as the last thing in their class. HATE.
 }
 
-
 =head2 $app->setup_finalize
 
-A hook to attach modifiers to.
-Using C<< after setup => sub{}; >> doesn't work, because of quirky things done for plugin setup.
-Also better than C< setup_finished(); >, as that is a getter method.
+A hook to attach modifiers to. This method does not do anything except set the
+C<setup_finished> accessor.
 
-    sub setup_finalize {
+Applying method modifiers to the C<setup> method doesn't work, because of quirky things done for plugin setup.
 
-        my $app = shift;
-
-        ## do stuff, i.e., determine a primary key column for sessions stored in a DB
-
-        $app->next::method(@_);
+Example:
 
+    after setup_finalize => sub {
+        my $app = shift;
 
-    }
+        ## do stuff here..
+    };
 
 =cut
 
@@ -1201,7 +1238,9 @@ sub setup_finalize {
 
 Constructs an absolute L<URI> object based on the application root, the
 provided path, and the additional arguments and query parameters provided.
-When used as a string, provides a textual URI.
+When used as a string, provides a textual URI.  If you need more flexibility
+than this (i.e. the option to provide relative URIs etc.) see
+L<Catalyst::Plugin::SmartURI>.
 
 If no arguments are provided, the URI for the current action is returned.
 To return the current action and also provide @args, use
@@ -1241,19 +1280,45 @@ path, use C<< $c->uri_for_action >> instead.
 sub uri_for {
     my ( $c, $path, @args ) = @_;
 
-    if (blessed($path) && $path->isa('Catalyst::Controller')) {
+    if ( $path->$_isa('Catalyst::Controller') ) {
         $path = $path->path_prefix;
         $path =~ s{/+\z}{};
         $path .= '/';
     }
 
-    if ( blessed($path) ) { # action object
-        my $captures = [ map { s|/|%2F|; $_; }
+    undef($path) if (defined $path && $path eq '');
+
+    my $params =
+      ( scalar @args && ref $args[$#args] eq 'HASH' ? pop @args : {} );
+
+    carp "uri_for called with undef argument" if grep { ! defined $_ } @args;
+    foreach my $arg (@args) {
+        utf8::encode($arg) if utf8::is_utf8($arg);
+        $arg =~ s/([^$URI::uric])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
+    }
+
+    if ( $path->$_isa('Catalyst::Action') ) { # action object
+        s|/|%2F|g for @args;
+        my $captures = [ map { s|/|%2F|g; $_; }
                         ( scalar @args && ref $args[0] eq 'ARRAY'
                          ? @{ shift(@args) }
                          : ()) ];
+
+        foreach my $capture (@$captures) {
+            utf8::encode($capture) if utf8::is_utf8($capture);
+            $capture =~ s/([^$URI::uric])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
+        }
+
         my $action = $path;
-        $path = $c->dispatcher->uri_for_action($action, $captures);
+        # ->uri_for( $action, \@captures_and_args, \%query_values? )
+        if( !@args && $action->number_of_args ) {
+            my $expanded_action = $c->dispatcher->expand_action( $action );
+
+            my $num_captures = $expanded_action->number_of_captures;
+            unshift @args, splice @$captures, $num_captures;
+        }
+
+       $path = $c->dispatcher->uri_for_action($action, $captures);
         if (not defined $path) {
             $c->log->debug(qq/Can't find uri_for action '$action' @$captures/)
                 if $c->debug;
@@ -1262,15 +1327,6 @@ sub uri_for {
         $path = '/' if $path eq '';
     }
 
-    undef($path) if (defined $path && $path eq '');
-
-    my $params =
-      ( scalar @args && ref $args[$#args] eq 'HASH' ? pop @args : {} );
-
-    carp "uri_for called with undef argument" if grep { ! defined $_ } @args;
-    s/([^$URI::uric])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go for @args;
-    s|/|%2F| for @args;
-
     unshift(@args, $path);
 
     unless (defined $path && $path =~ s!^/!!) { # in-place strip
@@ -1313,9 +1369,9 @@ sub uri_for {
     $res;
 }
 
-=head2 $c->uri_for_action( $path, \@captures?, @args?, \%query_values? )
+=head2 $c->uri_for_action( $path, \@captures_and_args?, @args?, \%query_values? )
 
-=head2 $c->uri_for_action( $action, \@captures?, @args?, \%query_values? )
+=head2 $c->uri_for_action( $action, \@captures_and_args?, @args?, \%query_values? )
 
 =over
 
@@ -1344,6 +1400,31 @@ You can use:
 
 and it will create the URI /users/the-list.
 
+=item \@captures_and_args?
+
+Optional array reference of Captures (i.e. C<<CaptureArgs or $c->req->captures>)
+and arguments to the request. Usually used with L<Catalyst::DispatchType::Chained>
+to interpolate all the parameters in the URI.
+
+=item @args?
+
+Optional list of extra arguments - can be supplied in the
+C<< \@captures_and_args? >> array ref, or here - whichever is easier for your
+code.
+
+Your action can have zero, a fixed or a variable number of args (e.g.
+C<< Args(1) >> for a fixed number or C<< Args() >> for a variable number)..
+
+=item \%query_values?
+
+Optional array reference of query parameters to append. E.g.
+
+  { foo => 'bar' }
+
+will generate
+
+  /rest/of/your/uri?foo=bar
+
 =back
 
 =cut
@@ -1463,20 +1544,20 @@ sub welcome_message {
                     We do, however, provide you with a few starting points.</p>
                  <p>If you want to jump right into web development with Catalyst
                     you might want to start with a tutorial.</p>
-<pre>perldoc <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/dist/Catalyst-Manual/lib/Catalyst/Manual/Tutorial.pod">Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial</a></code>
+<pre>perldoc <a href="https://metacpan.org/module/Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial">Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial</a></code>
 </pre>
 <p>Afterwards you can go on to check out a more complete look at our features.</p>
 <pre>
-<code>perldoc <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/dist/Catalyst-Manual/lib/Catalyst/Manual/Intro.pod">Catalyst::Manual::Intro</a>
+<code>perldoc <a href="https://metacpan.org/module/Catalyst::Manual::Intro">Catalyst::Manual::Intro</a>
 <!-- Something else should go here, but the Catalyst::Manual link seems unhelpful -->
 </code></pre>
                  <h2>What to do next?</h2>
                  <p>Next it's time to write an actual application. Use the
-                    helper scripts to generate <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AController%3A%3A&amp;mode=all">controllers</a>,
-                    <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AModel%3A%3A&amp;mode=all">models</a>, and
-                    <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AView%3A%3A&amp;mode=all">views</a>;
+                    helper scripts to generate <a href="https://metacpan.org/search?q=Catalyst%3A%3AController">controllers</a>,
+                    <a href="https://metacpan.org/search?q=Catalyst%3A%3AModel">models</a>, and
+                    <a href="https://metacpan.org/search?q=Catalyst%3A%3AView">views</a>;
                     they can save you a lot of work.</p>
-                    <pre><code>script/${prefix}_create.pl -help</code></pre>
+                    <pre><code>script/${prefix}_create.pl --help</code></pre>
                     <p>Also, be sure to check out the vast and growing
                     collection of <a href="http://search.cpan.org/search?query=Catalyst">plugins for Catalyst on CPAN</a>;
                     you are likely to find what you need there.
@@ -1507,6 +1588,16 @@ sub welcome_message {
 EOF
 }
 
+=head2 run_options
+
+Contains a hash of options passed from the application script, including
+the original ARGV the script received, the processed values from that
+ARGV and any extra arguments to the script which were not processed.
+
+This can be used to add custom options to your application's scripts
+and setup your application differently depending on the values of these
+options.
+
 =head1 INTERNAL METHODS
 
 These methods are not meant to be used by end users.
@@ -1586,7 +1677,9 @@ sub execute {
     push( @{ $c->stack }, $code );
 
     no warnings 'recursion';
-    eval { $c->state( $code->execute( $class, $c, @{ $c->req->args } ) || 0 ) };
+    # N.B. This used to be combined, but I have seen $c get clobbered if so, and
+    #      I have no idea how, ergo $ret (which appears to fix the issue)
+    eval { my $ret = $code->execute( $class, $c, @{ $c->req->args } ) || 0; $c->state( $ret ) };
 
     $c->_stats_finish_execute( $stats_info ) if $c->use_stats and $stats_info;
 
@@ -1608,8 +1701,8 @@ sub execute {
                 $error = qq/Caught exception in $class->$name "$error"/;
             }
             $c->error($error);
-            $c->state(0);
         }
+        $c->state(0);
     }
     return $c->state;
 }
@@ -1649,7 +1742,7 @@ sub _stats_start_execute {
         my $parent = $c->stack->[-1];
 
         # forward, locate the caller
-        if ( exists $c->counter->{"$parent"} ) {
+        if ( defined $parent && exists $c->counter->{"$parent"} ) {
             $c->stats->profile(
                 begin  => $action,
                 parent => "$parent" . $c->counter->{"$parent"},
@@ -1709,7 +1802,7 @@ sub finalize {
             $c->finalize_error;
         }
 
-        $c->finalize_headers;
+        $c->finalize_headers unless $c->response->finalized_headers;
 
         # HEAD request
         if ( $c->request->method eq 'HEAD' ) {
@@ -1719,6 +1812,8 @@ sub finalize {
         $c->finalize_body;
     }
 
+    $c->log_response;
+
     if ($c->use_stats) {
         my $elapsed = sprintf '%f', $c->stats->elapsed;
         my $av = $elapsed == 0 ? '??' : sprintf '%.3f', 1 / $elapsed;
@@ -1774,21 +1869,30 @@ sub finalize_headers {
 
         if ( !$response->has_body ) {
             # Add a default body if none is already present
-            $response->body(
-                qq{<html><body><p>This item has moved <a href="$location">here</a>.</p></body></html>}
-            );
+            $response->body(<<"EOF");
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> 
+  <head>
+    <title>Moved</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+     <p>This item has moved <a href="$location">here</a>.</p>
+  </body>
+</html>
+EOF
+            $response->content_type('text/html; charset=utf-8');
         }
     }
 
     # Content-Length
-    if ( $response->body && !$response->content_length ) {
+    if ( defined $response->body && length $response->body && !$response->content_length ) {
 
         # get the length from a filehandle
-        if ( blessed( $response->body ) && $response->body->can('read') )
+        if ( blessed( $response->body ) && $response->body->can('read') || ref( $response->body ) eq 'GLOB' )
         {
-            my $stat = stat $response->body;
-            if ( $stat && $stat->size > 0 ) {
-                $response->content_length( $stat->size );
+            my $size = -s $response->body;
+            if ( $size ) {
+                $response->content_length( $size );
             }
             else {
                 $c->log->warn('Serving filehandle without a content-length');
@@ -1808,7 +1912,7 @@ sub finalize_headers {
 
     $c->finalize_cookies;
 
-    $c->engine->finalize_headers( $c, @_ );
+    $c->response->finalize_headers();
 
     # Done
     $response->finalized_headers(1);
@@ -1851,7 +1955,7 @@ namespaces.
 
 sub get_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_actions( $c, @_ ) }
 
-=head2 $c->handle_request( $class, @arguments )
+=head2 $app->handle_request( @arguments )
 
 Called to handle each HTTP request.
 
@@ -1887,13 +1991,18 @@ sub handle_request {
     return $status;
 }
 
-=head2 $c->prepare( @arguments )
+=head2 $class->prepare( @arguments )
 
 Creates a Catalyst context from an engine-specific request (Apache, CGI,
 etc.).
 
 =cut
 
+has _uploadtmp => (
+    is => 'ro',
+    predicate => '_has_uploadtmp',
+);
+
 sub prepare {
     my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
 
@@ -1902,15 +2011,14 @@ sub prepare {
     # into the application.
     $class->context_class( ref $class || $class ) unless $class->context_class;
 
-    my $c = $class->context_class->new({});
+    my $uploadtmp = $class->config->{uploadtmp};
+    my $c = $class->context_class->new({ $uploadtmp ? (_uploadtmp => $uploadtmp) : ()});
 
-    # For on-demand data
-    $c->request->_context($c);
     $c->response->_context($c);
 
     #surely this is not the most efficient way to do things...
     $c->stats($class->stats_class->new)->enable($c->use_stats);
-    if ( $c->debug ) {
+    if ( $c->debug || $c->config->{enable_catalyst_header} ) {
         $c->res->headers->header( 'X-Catalyst' => $Catalyst::VERSION );
     }
 
@@ -1923,8 +2031,8 @@ sub prepare {
             $c->prepare_request(@arguments);
             $c->prepare_connection;
             $c->prepare_query_parameters;
-            $c->prepare_headers;
-            $c->prepare_cookies;
+            $c->prepare_headers; # Just hooks, no longer needed - they just
+            $c->prepare_cookies; # cause the lazy attribute on req to build
             $c->prepare_path;
 
             # Prepare the body for reading, either by prepare_body
@@ -1936,6 +2044,7 @@ sub prepare {
                 $c->prepare_body;
             }
         }
+        $c->prepare_action;
     }
     # VERY ugly and probably shouldn't rely on ->finalize actually working
     catch {
@@ -1943,19 +2052,18 @@ sub prepare {
         $c->response->status(400);
         $c->response->content_type('text/plain');
         $c->response->body('Bad Request');
+        # Note we call finalize and then die here, which escapes
+        # finalize being called in the enclosing block..
+        # It in fact couldn't be called, as we don't return $c..
+        # This is a mess - but I'm unsure you can fix this without
+        # breaking compat for people doing crazy things (we should set
+        # the 400 and just return the ctx here IMO, letting finalize get called
+        # above...
         $c->finalize;
         die $_;
     };
 
-    my $method  = $c->req->method  || '';
-    my $path    = $c->req->path;
-    $path       = '/' unless length $path;
-    my $address = $c->req->address || '';
-
-    $c->log->debug(qq/"$method" request for "$path" from "$address"/)
-      if $c->debug;
-
-    $c->prepare_action;
+    $c->log_request;
 
     return $c;
 }
@@ -1983,17 +2091,6 @@ sub prepare_body {
     $c->engine->prepare_body( $c, @_ );
     $c->prepare_parameters;
     $c->prepare_uploads;
-
-    if ( $c->debug && keys %{ $c->req->body_parameters } ) {
-        my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 35, 'Parameter' ], [ 36, 'Value' ] );
-        for my $key ( sort keys %{ $c->req->body_parameters } ) {
-            my $param = $c->req->body_parameters->{$key};
-            my $value = defined($param) ? $param : '';
-            $t->row( $key,
-                ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ? ( join ', ', @$value ) : $value );
-        }
-        $c->log->debug( "Body Parameters are:\n" . $t->draw );
-    }
 }
 
 =head2 $c->prepare_body_chunk( $chunk )
@@ -2028,24 +2125,28 @@ Prepares connection.
 
 sub prepare_connection {
     my $c = shift;
-    $c->engine->prepare_connection( $c, @_ );
+    # XXX - This is called on the engine (not the request) to maintain
+    #       Engine::PSGI back compat.
+    $c->engine->prepare_connection($c);
 }
 
 =head2 $c->prepare_cookies
 
-Prepares cookies.
+Prepares cookies by ensuring that the attribute on the request
+object has been built.
 
 =cut
 
-sub prepare_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_cookies( $c, @_ ) }
+sub prepare_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->request->cookies }
 
 =head2 $c->prepare_headers
 
-Prepares headers.
+Prepares request headers by ensuring that the attribute on the request
+object has been built.
 
 =cut
 
-sub prepare_headers { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_headers( $c, @_ ) }
+sub prepare_headers { my $c = shift; $c->request->headers }
 
 =head2 $c->prepare_parameters
 
@@ -2077,55 +2178,156 @@ sub prepare_query_parameters {
     my $c = shift;
 
     $c->engine->prepare_query_parameters( $c, @_ );
+}
 
-    if ( $c->debug && keys %{ $c->request->query_parameters } ) {
-        my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 35, 'Parameter' ], [ 36, 'Value' ] );
-        for my $key ( sort keys %{ $c->req->query_parameters } ) {
-            my $param = $c->req->query_parameters->{$key};
-            my $value = defined($param) ? $param : '';
-            $t->row( $key,
-                ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ? ( join ', ', @$value ) : $value );
-        }
-        $c->log->debug( "Query Parameters are:\n" . $t->draw );
+=head2 $c->log_request
+
+Writes information about the request to the debug logs.  This includes:
+
+=over 4
+
+=item * Request method, path, and remote IP address
+
+=item * Query keywords (see L<Catalyst::Request/query_keywords>)
+
+=item * Request parameters
+
+=item * File uploads
+
+=back
+
+=cut
+
+sub log_request {
+    my $c = shift;
+
+    return unless $c->debug;
+
+    my($dump) = grep {$_->[0] eq 'Request' } $c->dump_these;
+    my $request = $dump->[1];
+
+    my ( $method, $path, $address ) = ( $request->method, $request->path, $request->address );
+    $method ||= '';
+    $path = '/' unless length $path;
+    $address ||= '';
+    $c->log->debug(qq/"$method" request for "$path" from "$address"/);
+
+    $c->log_request_headers($request->headers);
+
+    if ( my $keywords = $request->query_keywords ) {
+        $c->log->debug("Query keywords are: $keywords");
     }
+
+    $c->log_request_parameters( query => $request->query_parameters, $request->_has_body ? (body => $request->body_parameters) : () );
+
+    $c->log_request_uploads($request);
 }
 
-=head2 $c->prepare_read
+=head2 $c->log_response
 
-Prepares the input for reading.
+Writes information about the response to the debug logs by calling
+C<< $c->log_response_status_line >> and C<< $c->log_response_headers >>.
 
 =cut
 
-sub prepare_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_read( $c, @_ ) }
+sub log_response {
+    my $c = shift;
 
-=head2 $c->prepare_request
+    return unless $c->debug;
 
-Prepares the engine request.
+    my($dump) = grep {$_->[0] eq 'Response' } $c->dump_these;
+    my $response = $dump->[1];
+
+    $c->log_response_status_line($response);
+    $c->log_response_headers($response->headers);
+}
+
+=head2 $c->log_response_status_line($response)
+
+Writes one line of information about the response to the debug logs.  This includes:
+
+=over 4
+
+=item * Response status code
+
+=item * Content-Type header (if present)
+
+=item * Content-Length header (if present)
+
+=back
 
 =cut
 
-sub prepare_request { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_request( $c, @_ ) }
+sub log_response_status_line {
+    my ($c, $response) = @_;
 
-=head2 $c->prepare_uploads
+    $c->log->debug(
+        sprintf(
+            'Response Code: %s; Content-Type: %s; Content-Length: %s',
+            $response->status                            || 'unknown',
+            $response->headers->header('Content-Type')   || 'unknown',
+            $response->headers->header('Content-Length') || 'unknown'
+        )
+    );
+}
 
-Prepares uploads.
+=head2 $c->log_response_headers($headers);
+
+Hook method which can be wrapped by plugins to log the response headers.
+No-op in the default implementation.
 
 =cut
 
-sub prepare_uploads {
-    my $c = shift;
+sub log_response_headers {}
 
-    $c->engine->prepare_uploads( $c, @_ );
+=head2 $c->log_request_parameters( query => {}, body => {} )
+
+Logs request parameters to debug logs
+
+=cut
 
-    if ( $c->debug && keys %{ $c->request->uploads } ) {
+sub log_request_parameters {
+    my $c          = shift;
+    my %all_params = @_;
+
+    return unless $c->debug;
+
+    my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 44;
+    foreach my $type (qw(query body)) {
+        my $params = $all_params{$type};
+        next if ! keys %$params;
+        my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 35, 'Parameter' ], [ $column_width, 'Value' ] );
+        for my $key ( sort keys %$params ) {
+            my $param = $params->{$key};
+            my $value = defined($param) ? $param : '';
+            $t->row( $key, ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ? ( join ', ', @$value ) : $value );
+        }
+        $c->log->debug( ucfirst($type) . " Parameters are:\n" . $t->draw );
+    }
+}
+
+=head2 $c->log_request_uploads
+
+Logs file uploads included in the request to the debug logs.
+The parameter name, filename, file type, and file size are all included in
+the debug logs.
+
+=cut
+
+sub log_request_uploads {
+    my $c = shift;
+    my $request = shift;
+    return unless $c->debug;
+    my $uploads = $request->uploads;
+    if ( keys %$uploads ) {
         my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new(
             [ 12, 'Parameter' ],
             [ 26, 'Filename' ],
             [ 18, 'Type' ],
             [ 9,  'Size' ]
         );
-        for my $key ( sort keys %{ $c->request->uploads } ) {
-            my $upload = $c->request->uploads->{$key};
+        for my $key ( sort keys %$uploads ) {
+            my $upload = $uploads->{$key};
             for my $u ( ref $upload eq 'ARRAY' ? @{$upload} : ($upload) ) {
                 $t->row( $key, $u->filename, $u->type, $u->size );
             }
@@ -2134,6 +2336,68 @@ sub prepare_uploads {
     }
 }
 
+=head2 $c->log_request_headers($headers);
+
+Hook method which can be wrapped by plugins to log the request headers.
+No-op in the default implementation.
+
+=cut
+
+sub log_request_headers {}
+
+=head2 $c->log_headers($type => $headers)
+
+Logs L<HTTP::Headers> (either request or response) to the debug logs.
+
+=cut
+
+sub log_headers {
+    my $c       = shift;
+    my $type    = shift;
+    my $headers = shift;    # an HTTP::Headers instance
+
+    return unless $c->debug;
+
+    my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 28;
+    my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 15, 'Header Name' ], [ $column_width, 'Value' ] );
+    $headers->scan(
+        sub {
+            my ( $name, $value ) = @_;
+            $t->row( $name, $value );
+        }
+    );
+    $c->log->debug( ucfirst($type) . " Headers:\n" . $t->draw );
+}
+
+
+=head2 $c->prepare_read
+
+Prepares the input for reading.
+
+=cut
+
+sub prepare_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_read( $c, @_ ) }
+
+=head2 $c->prepare_request
+
+Prepares the engine request.
+
+=cut
+
+sub prepare_request { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_request( $c, @_ ) }
+
+=head2 $c->prepare_uploads
+
+Prepares uploads.
+
+=cut
+
+sub prepare_uploads {
+    my $c = shift;
+
+    $c->engine->prepare_uploads( $c, @_ );
+}
+
 =head2 $c->prepare_write
 
 Prepares the output for writing.
@@ -2144,11 +2408,11 @@ sub prepare_write { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_write( $c, @_ ) }
 
 =head2 $c->request_class
 
-Returns or sets the request class.
+Returns or sets the request class. Defaults to L<Catalyst::Request>.
 
 =head2 $c->response_class
 
-Returns or sets the response class.
+Returns or sets the response class. Defaults to L<Catalyst::Response>.
 
 =head2 $c->read( [$maxlength] )
 
@@ -2165,7 +2429,7 @@ $c->request.  You must handle all body parsing yourself.
 
 =cut
 
-sub read { my $c = shift; return $c->engine->read( $c, @_ ) }
+sub read { my $c = shift; return $c->request->read( @_ ) }
 
 =head2 $c->run
 
@@ -2173,7 +2437,36 @@ Starts the engine.
 
 =cut
 
-sub run { my $c = shift; return $c->engine->run( $c, @_ ) }
+sub run {
+  my $app = shift;
+  $app->_make_immutable_if_needed;
+  $app->engine_loader->needs_psgi_engine_compat_hack ?
+    $app->engine->run($app, @_) :
+      $app->engine->run( $app, $app->_finalized_psgi_app, @_ );
+}
+
+sub _make_immutable_if_needed {
+    my $class = shift;
+    my $meta = Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class);
+    my $isa_ca = $class->isa('Class::Accessor::Fast') || $class->isa('Class::Accessor');
+    if (
+        $meta->is_immutable
+        && ! { $meta->immutable_options }->{replace_constructor}
+        && $isa_ca
+    ) {
+        warn("You made your application class ($class) immutable, "
+            . "but did not inline the\nconstructor. "
+            . "This will break catalyst, as your app \@ISA "
+            . "Class::Accessor(::Fast)?\nPlease pass "
+            . "(replace_constructor => 1)\nwhen making your class immutable.\n");
+    }
+    unless ($meta->is_immutable) {
+        # XXX - FIXME warning here as you should make your app immutable yourself.
+        $meta->make_immutable(
+            replace_constructor => 1,
+        );
+    }
+}
 
 =head2 $c->set_action( $action, $code, $namespace, $attrs )
 
@@ -2211,8 +2504,7 @@ sub setup_components {
 
     my $config  = $class->config->{ setup_components };
 
-    my @comps = sort { length $a <=> length $b }
-                $class->locate_components($config);
+    my @comps = $class->locate_components($config);
     my %comps = map { $_ => 1 } @comps;
 
     my $deprecatedcatalyst_component_names = grep { /::[CMV]::/ } @comps;
@@ -2227,17 +2519,15 @@ sub setup_components {
         # we know M::P::O found a file on disk so this is safe
 
         Catalyst::Utils::ensure_class_loaded( $component, { ignore_loaded => 1 } );
-
-        # Needs to be done as soon as the component is loaded, as loading a sub-component
-        # (next time round the loop) can cause us to get the wrong metaclass..
-        $class->_controller_init_base_classes($component);
     }
 
     for my $component (@comps) {
-        $class->components->{ $component } = $class->setup_component($component);
-        for my $component ($class->expand_component_module( $component, $config )) {
+        my $instance = $class->components->{ $component } = $class->setup_component($component);
+        my @expanded_components = $instance->can('expand_modules')
+            ? $instance->expand_modules( $component, $config )
+            : $class->expand_component_module( $component, $config );
+        for my $component (@expanded_components) {
             next if $comps{$component};
-            $class->_controller_init_base_classes($component); # Also cover inner packages
             $class->components->{ $component } = $class->setup_component($component);
         }
     }
@@ -2269,7 +2559,8 @@ sub locate_components {
         %$config
     );
 
-    my @comps = $locator->plugins;
+    # XXX think about ditching this sort entirely
+    my @comps = sort { length $a <=> length $b } $locator->plugins;
 
     return @comps;
 }
@@ -2290,19 +2581,6 @@ sub expand_component_module {
 
 =cut
 
-# FIXME - Ugly, ugly hack to ensure the we force initialize non-moose base classes
-#         nearest to Catalyst::Controller first, no matter what order stuff happens
-#         to be loaded. There are TODO tests in Moose for this, see
-#         f2391d17574eff81d911b97be15ea51080500003
-sub _controller_init_base_classes {
-    my ($app_class, $component) = @_;
-    return unless $component->isa('Catalyst::Controller');
-    foreach my $class ( reverse @{ mro::get_linear_isa($component) } ) {
-        Moose::Meta::Class->initialize( $class )
-            unless find_meta($class);
-    }
-}
-
 sub setup_component {
     my( $class, $component ) = @_;
 
@@ -2372,53 +2650,190 @@ Sets up engine.
 
 =cut
 
-sub setup_engine {
-    my ($class, $engine) = @_;
+sub engine_class {
+    my ($class, $requested_engine) = @_;
 
-    unless ($engine) {
-        $engine = $class->engine_class;
+    if (!$class->engine_loader || $requested_engine) {
+        $class->engine_loader(
+            Catalyst::EngineLoader->new({
+                application_name => $class,
+                (defined $requested_engine
+                     ? (catalyst_engine_class => $requested_engine) : ()),
+            }),
+        );
     }
-    $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::' . $engine
-        unless $engine =~ /^Catalyst::Engine/;
 
-    $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine' if $engine eq 'Catalyst::Engine::HTTP';
+    $class->engine_loader->catalyst_engine_class;
+}
+
+sub setup_engine {
+    my ($class, $requested_engine) = @_;
+
+    my $engine = do {
+        my $loader = $class->engine_loader;
+
+        if (!$loader || $requested_engine) {
+            $loader = Catalyst::EngineLoader->new({
+                application_name => $class,
+                (defined $requested_engine
+                     ? (requested_engine => $requested_engine) : ()),
+            }),
+
+            $class->engine_loader($loader);
+        }
+
+        $loader->catalyst_engine_class;
+    };
+
+    # Don't really setup_engine -- see _setup_psgi_app for explanation.
+    return if $class->loading_psgi_file;
 
     Class::MOP::load_class($engine);
 
-    # check for old engines that are no longer compatible
-    my $old_engine;
-    if ( $engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Apache')
-        && !Catalyst::Engine::Apache->VERSION )
-    {
-        $old_engine = 1;
-    }
+    if ($ENV{MOD_PERL}) {
+        my $apache = $class->engine_loader->auto;
 
-    elsif ( $engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Server::Base')
-        && Catalyst::Engine::Server->VERSION le '0.02' )
-    {
-        $old_engine = 1;
-    }
+        my $meta = find_meta($class);
+        my $was_immutable = $meta->is_immutable;
+        my %immutable_options = $meta->immutable_options;
+        $meta->make_mutable if $was_immutable;
 
-    elsif ($engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::HTTP::POE')
-        && $engine->VERSION eq '0.01' )
-    {
-        $old_engine = 1;
+        $meta->add_method(handler => sub {
+            my $r = shift;
+            my $psgi_app = $class->_finalized_psgi_app;
+            $apache->call_app($r, $psgi_app);
+        });
+
+        $meta->make_immutable(%immutable_options) if $was_immutable;
     }
 
-    elsif ($engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Zeus')
-        && $engine->VERSION eq '0.01' )
-    {
-        $old_engine = 1;
+    $class->engine( $engine->new );
+
+    return;
+}
+
+sub _finalized_psgi_app {
+    my ($app) = @_;
+
+    unless ($app->_psgi_app) {
+        my $psgi_app = $app->_setup_psgi_app;
+        $app->_psgi_app($psgi_app);
     }
 
-    if ($old_engine) {
-        Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
-              qq/Engine "$engine" is not supported by this version of Catalyst/
+    return $app->_psgi_app;
+}
+
+sub _setup_psgi_app {
+    my ($app) = @_;
+
+    for my $home (Path::Class::Dir->new($app->config->{home})) {
+        my $psgi_file = $home->file(
+            Catalyst::Utils::appprefix($app) . '.psgi',
         );
+
+        next unless -e $psgi_file;
+
+        # If $psgi_file calls ->setup_engine, it's doing so to load
+        # Catalyst::Engine::PSGI. But if it does that, we're only going to
+        # throw away the loaded PSGI-app and load the 5.9 Catalyst::Engine
+        # anyway. So set a flag (ick) that tells setup_engine not to populate
+        # $c->engine or do any other things we might regret.
+
+        $app->loading_psgi_file(1);
+        my $psgi_app = Plack::Util::load_psgi($psgi_file);
+        $app->loading_psgi_file(0);
+
+        return $psgi_app
+            unless $app->engine_loader->needs_psgi_engine_compat_hack;
+
+        warn <<"EOW";
+Found a legacy Catalyst::Engine::PSGI .psgi file at ${psgi_file}.
+
+Its content has been ignored. Please consult the Catalyst::Upgrading
+documentation on how to upgrade from Catalyst::Engine::PSGI.
+EOW
     }
 
-    $class->engine( $engine->new );
-    $class->psgi_app( $class->engine->build_psgi_app($class) );
+    return $app->apply_default_middlewares($app->psgi_app);
+}
+
+=head2 $c->apply_default_middlewares
+
+Adds the following L<Plack> middlewares to your application, since they are
+useful and commonly needed:
+
+L<Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy>, (conditionally added based on the status
+of your $ENV{REMOTE_ADDR}, and can be forced on with C<using_frontend_proxy>
+or forced off with C<ignore_frontend_proxy>), L<Plack::Middleware::LighttpdScriptNameFix>
+(if you are using Lighttpd), L<Plack::Middleware::IIS6ScriptNameFix> (always
+applied since this middleware is smart enough to conditionally apply itself).
+
+Additionally if we detect we are using Nginx, we add a bit of custom middleware
+to solve some problems with the way that server handles $ENV{PATH_INFO} and
+$ENV{SCRIPT_NAME}
+
+=cut
+
+
+sub apply_default_middlewares {
+    my ($app, $psgi_app) = @_;
+
+    $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::Conditional->wrap(
+        $psgi_app,
+        builder   => sub { Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy->wrap($_[0]) },
+        condition => sub {
+            my ($env) = @_;
+            return if $app->config->{ignore_frontend_proxy};
+            return $env->{REMOTE_ADDR} eq '127.0.0.1'
+                || $app->config->{using_frontend_proxy};
+        },
+    );
+
+    # If we're running under Lighttpd, swap PATH_INFO and SCRIPT_NAME
+    # http://lists.scsys.co.uk/pipermail/catalyst/2006-June/008361.html
+    $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::Conditional->wrap(
+        $psgi_app,
+        builder   => sub { Plack::Middleware::LighttpdScriptNameFix->wrap($_[0]) },
+        condition => sub {
+            my ($env) = @_;
+            return unless $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} && $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} =~ m!lighttpd[-/]1\.(\d+\.\d+)!;
+            return unless $1 < 4.23;
+            1;
+        },
+    );
+
+    # we're applying this unconditionally as the middleware itself already makes
+    # sure it doesn't fuck things up if it's not running under one of the right
+    # IIS versions
+    $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::IIS6ScriptNameFix->wrap($psgi_app);
+
+    # And another IIS issue, this time with IIS7.
+    $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::Conditional->wrap(
+        $psgi_app,
+        builder => sub { Plack::Middleware::IIS7KeepAliveFix->wrap($_[0]) },
+        condition => sub {
+            my ($env) = @_;
+            return $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} && $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} =~ m!IIS/7\.[0-9]!;
+        },
+    );
+
+    return $psgi_app;
+}
+
+=head2 $c->psgi_app
+
+Returns a PSGI application code reference for the catalyst application
+C<$c>. This is the bare application without any middlewares
+applied. C<${myapp}.psgi> is not taken into account.
+
+This is what you want to be using to retrieve the PSGI application code
+reference of your Catalyst application for use in F<.psgi> files.
+
+=cut
+
+sub psgi_app {
+    my ($app) = @_;
+    return $app->engine->build_psgi_app($app);
 }
 
 =head2 $c->setup_home
@@ -2511,7 +2926,7 @@ sub setup_stats {
 =head2 $c->registered_plugins
 
 Returns a sorted list of the plugins which have either been stated in the
-import list or which have been added via C<< MyApp->plugin(@args); >>.
+import list.
 
 If passed a given plugin name, it will report a boolean value indicating
 whether or not that plugin is loaded.  A fully qualified name is required if
@@ -2538,18 +2953,18 @@ the plugin name does not begin with C<Catalyst::Plugin::>.
         my $class = ref $proto || $proto;
 
         Class::MOP::load_class( $plugin );
-        $class->log->warn( "$plugin inherits from 'Catalyst::Component' - this is decated and will not work in 5.81" )
+        $class->log->warn( "$plugin inherits from 'Catalyst::Component' - this is deprecated and will not work in 5.81" )
             if $plugin->isa( 'Catalyst::Component' );
-        $proto->_plugins->{$plugin} = 1;
-        unless ($instant) {
-            no strict 'refs';
-            if ( my $meta = Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class) ) {
-              my @superclasses = ($plugin, $meta->superclasses );
-              $meta->superclasses(@superclasses);
-            } else {
-              unshift @{"$class\::ISA"}, $plugin;
-            }
+        my $plugin_meta = Moose::Meta::Class->create($plugin);
+        if (!$plugin_meta->has_method('new')
+            && ( $plugin->isa('Class::Accessor::Fast') || $plugin->isa('Class::Accessor') ) ) {
+            $plugin_meta->add_method('new', Moose::Object->meta->get_method('new'))
         }
+        if (!$instant && !$proto->_plugins->{$plugin}) {
+            my $meta = Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class);
+            $meta->superclasses($plugin, $meta->superclasses);
+        }
+        $proto->_plugins->{$plugin} = 1;
         return $class;
     }
 
@@ -2557,22 +2972,29 @@ the plugin name does not begin with C<Catalyst::Plugin::>.
         my ( $class, $plugins ) = @_;
 
         $class->_plugins( {} ) unless $class->_plugins;
-        $plugins ||= [];
+        $plugins = Data::OptList::mkopt($plugins || []);
 
-        my @plugins = Catalyst::Utils::resolve_namespace($class . '::Plugin', 'Catalyst::Plugin', @$plugins);
+        my @plugins = map {
+            [ Catalyst::Utils::resolve_namespace(
+                  $class . '::Plugin',
+                  'Catalyst::Plugin', $_->[0]
+              ),
+              $_->[1],
+            ]
+         } @{ $plugins };
 
         for my $plugin ( reverse @plugins ) {
-            Class::MOP::load_class($plugin);
-            my $meta = find_meta($plugin);
+            Class::MOP::load_class($plugin->[0], $plugin->[1]);
+            my $meta = find_meta($plugin->[0]);
             next if $meta && $meta->isa('Moose::Meta::Role');
 
-            $class->_register_plugin($plugin);
+            $class->_register_plugin($plugin->[0]);
         }
 
         my @roles =
-            map { $_->name }
-            grep { $_ && blessed($_) && $_->isa('Moose::Meta::Role') }
-            map { find_meta($_) }
+            map  { $_->[0]->name, $_->[1] }
+            grep { blessed($_->[0]) && $_->[0]->isa('Moose::Meta::Role') }
+            map  { [find_meta($_->[0]), $_->[1]] }
             @plugins;
 
         Moose::Util::apply_all_roles(
@@ -2586,15 +3008,24 @@ the plugin name does not begin with C<Catalyst::Plugin::>.
 Returns an arrayref of the internal execution stack (actions that are
 currently executing).
 
+=head2 $c->stats
+
+Returns the current timing statistics object. By default Catalyst uses
+L<Catalyst::Stats|Catalyst::Stats>, but can be set otherwise with
+L<< stats_class|/"$c->stats_class" >>.
+
+Even if L<< -Stats|/"-Stats" >> is not enabled, the stats object is still
+available. By enabling it with C< $c->stats->enabled(1) >, it can be used to
+profile explicitly, although MyApp.pm still won't profile nor output anything
+by itself.
+
 =head2 $c->stats_class
 
-Returns or sets the stats (timing statistics) class.
+Returns or sets the stats (timing statistics) class. L<Catalyst::Stats|Catalyst::Stats> is used by default.
 
 =head2 $c->use_stats
 
-Returns 1 when stats collection is enabled.  Stats collection is enabled
-when the -Stats options is set, debug is on or when the <MYAPP>_STATS
-environment variable is set.
+Returns 1 when L<< stats collection|/"-Stats" >> is enabled.
 
 Note that this is a static method, not an accessor and should be overridden
 by declaring C<sub use_stats { 1 }> in your MyApp.pm, not by calling C<< $c->use_stats(1) >>.
@@ -2615,10 +3046,10 @@ your output data, if known.
 sub write {
     my $c = shift;
 
-    # Finalize headers if someone manually writes output
+    # Finalize headers if someone manually writes output (for compat)
     $c->finalize_headers;
 
-    return $c->engine->write( $c, @_ );
+    return $c->response->write( @_ );
 }
 
 =head2 version
@@ -2671,7 +3102,7 @@ welcome screens
 
 C<parse_on_demand> - The request body (for example file uploads) will not be parsed
 until it is accessed. This allows you to (for example) check authentication (and reject
-the upload) before actually recieving all the data. See L</ON-DEMAND PARSER>
+the upload) before actually receiving all the data. See L</ON-DEMAND PARSER>
 
 =item *
 
@@ -2692,6 +3123,50 @@ to be shown in hit debug tables in the test server.
 
 =item *
 
+C<use_request_uri_for_path> - Controls if the C<REQUEST_URI> or C<PATH_INFO> environment
+variable should be used for determining the request path. 
+
+Most web server environments pass the requested path to the application using environment variables,
+from which Catalyst has to reconstruct the request base (i.e. the top level path to / in the application,
+exposed as C<< $c->request->base >>) and the request path below that base.
+
+There are two methods of doing this, both of which have advantages and disadvantages. Which method is used
+is determined by the C<< $c->config(use_request_uri_for_path) >> setting (which can either be true or false).
+
+=over
+
+=item use_request_uri_for_path => 0
+
+This is the default (and the) traditional method that Catalyst has used for determining the path information.
+The path is generated from a combination of the C<PATH_INFO> and C<SCRIPT_NAME> environment variables.
+The allows the application to behave correctly when C<mod_rewrite> is being used to redirect requests
+into the application, as these variables are adjusted by mod_rewrite to take account for the redirect.
+
+However this method has the major disadvantage that it is impossible to correctly decode some elements
+of the path, as RFC 3875 says: "C<< Unlike a URI path, the PATH_INFO is not URL-encoded, and cannot
+contain path-segment parameters. >>" This means PATH_INFO is B<always> decoded, and therefore Catalyst
+can't distinguish / vs %2F in paths (in addition to other encoded values).
+
+=item use_request_uri_for_path => 1
+
+This method uses the C<REQUEST_URI> and C<SCRIPT_NAME> environment variables. As C<REQUEST_URI> is never
+decoded, this means that applications using this mode can correctly handle URIs including the %2F character
+(i.e. with C<AllowEncodedSlashes> set to C<On> in Apache).
+
+Given that this method of path resolution is provably more correct, it is recommended that you use
+this unless you have a specific need to deploy your application in a non-standard environment, and you are
+aware of the implications of not being able to handle encoded URI paths correctly.
+
+However it also means that in a number of cases when the app isn't installed directly at a path, but instead
+is having paths rewritten into it (e.g. as a .cgi/fcgi in a public_html directory, with mod_rewrite in a
+.htaccess file, or when SSI is used to rewrite pages into the app, or when sub-paths of the app are exposed
+at other URIs than that which the app is 'normally' based at with C<mod_rewrite>), the resolution of
+C<< $c->request->base >> will be incorrect.
+
+=back
+
+=item *
+
 C<using_frontend_proxy> - See L</PROXY SUPPORT>.
 
 =back
@@ -2754,7 +3229,26 @@ headers.
 
 If you do not wish to use the proxy support at all, you may set:
 
-    MyApp->config(ignore_frontend_proxy => 1);
+    MyApp->config(ignore_frontend_proxy => 0);
+
+=head2 Note about psgi files
+
+Note that if you supply your own .psgi file, calling
+C<< MyApp->psgi_app(@_); >>, then B<this will not happen automatically>.
+
+You either need to apply L<Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy> yourself
+in your psgi, for example:
+
+    builder {
+        enable "Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy";
+        MyApp->psgi_app
+    };
+
+This will unconditionally add the ReverseProxy support, or you need to call
+C<< $app = MyApp->apply_default_middlewares($app) >> (to conditionally
+apply the support depending upon your config).
+
+See L<Catalyst::PSGI> for more information.
 
 =head1 THREAD SAFETY
 
@@ -2921,8 +3415,12 @@ random: Roland Lammel <lammel@cpan.org>
 
 Robert Sedlacek C<< <rs@474.at> >>
 
+SpiceMan: Marcel Montes
+
 sky: Arthur Bergman
 
+szbalint: Balint Szilakszi <szbalint@cpan.org>
+
 t0m: Tomas Doran <bobtfish@bobtfish.net>
 
 Ulf Edvinsson
@@ -2933,8 +3431,18 @@ Will Hawes C<info@whawes.co.uk>
 
 willert: Sebastian Willert <willert@cpan.org>
 
+wreis: Wallace Reis <wallace@reis.org.br>
+
 Yuval Kogman, C<nothingmuch@woobling.org>
 
+rainboxx: Matthias Dietrich, C<perl@rainboxx.de>
+
+dd070: Dhaval Dhanani <dhaval070@gmail.com>
+
+=head1 COPYRIGHT
+
+Copyright (c) 2005, the above named PROJECT FOUNDER and CONTRIBUTORS.
+
 =head1 LICENSE
 
 This library is free software. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under