__PACKAGE__->request_class('Catalyst::Request');
__PACKAGE__->response_class('Catalyst::Response');
-our $VERSION = '5.49_04';
+our $VERSION = '5.49_05';
sub import {
my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
# use the helper to start a new application
catalyst.pl MyApp
- cd MyApp
# add models, views, controllers
- script/myapp_create.pl model Something
- script/myapp_create.pl view Stuff
- script/myapp_create.pl controller Yada
+ script/myapp_create.pl model Database DBIC dbi:SQLite:/path/to/db
+ script/myapp_create.pl view TT TT
+ script/myapp_create.pl controller Search
# built in testserver -- use -r to restart automatically on changes
script/myapp_server.pl
- # command line interface
+ # command line testing interface
script/myapp_test.pl /yada
+ ### in MyApp.pm
+ use Catalyst qw/-Debug/; # include plugins here as well
+
+ sub foo : Global { # called for /foo, /foo/1, /foo/1/2, etc.
+ my ( $self, $c, @args ) = @_; # args are qw/on you/ for /foo/on/you
+ $c->stash->{template} = 'foo.tt';
+ # lookup something from db -- stash vars are passed to TT
+ $c->stash->{data} = MyApp::Model::Database::Foo->search;
+ if ( $c->req->params->{bar} ) { # access GET or POST parameters
+ $c->forward( 'bar' ); # process another action
+ # do something else after forward returns
+ }
+ }
+
+ # The foo.tt TT template can easily use the stash data from the database
+ [% WHILE (item = data.next) %]
+ [% item.foo %]
+ [% END %]
+
+ # called for /bar/of/soap, /bar/of/soap/10, etc.
+ sub bar : Path('/bar/of/soap') { ... }
- use Catalyst;
-
- use Catalyst qw/My::Module My::OtherModule/;
-
- use Catalyst '-Debug';
-
- use Catalyst qw/-Debug -Engine=CGI/;
-
- sub default : Private { $_[1]->res->output('Hello') } );
-
- sub index : Path('/index.html') {
+ # called for all actions, from the top-most controller inwards
+ sub auto : Private {
+ my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
+ if ( !$c->user ) {
+ $c->res->redirect( '/login' ); # require login
+ return 0; # abort request and go immediately to end()
+ }
+ return 1;
+ }
+
+ # called after the main action is finished
+ sub end : Private {
my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
- $c->res->output('Hello');
- $c->forward('foo');
+ if ( scalar @{ $c->error } ) { ... } # handle errors
+ return if $c->res->body; # already have a response
+ $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' ); # render template
}
- sub product : Regex('^product[_]*(\d*).html$') {
+ ### in MyApp/Controller/Foo.pm
+ # called for /foo/bar
+ sub bar : Local { ... }
+
+ # called for /blargle
+ sub blargle : Global { ... }
+
+ # an index action matches /foo, but not /foo/1, etc.
+ sub index : Private { ... }
+
+ ### in MyApp/Controller/Foo/Bar.pm
+ # called for /foo/bar/baz
+ sub baz : Local { ... }
+
+ # first MyApp auto is called, then Foo auto, then this
+ sub auto : Private { ... }
+
+ # powerful regular expression paths are also possible
+ sub details : Regex('^product/(\w+)/details$') {
my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
- $c->stash->{template} = 'product.tt';
- $c->stash->{product} = $c->req->snippets->[0];
+ # extract the (\w+) from the URI
+ my $product = $c->req->snippets->[0];
}
-See also L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro>
+See L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro> for additional information.
=head1 DESCRIPTION
See L<Catalyst::Manual> for more documentation.
Catalyst plugins can be loaded by naming them as arguments to the "use Catalyst" statement.
-Omit the C<Catalyst::Plugin::> prefix from the plugin name,
-so C<Catalyst::Plugin::My::Module> becomes C<My::Module>.
+Omit the C<Catalyst::Plugin::> prefix from the plugin name, i.e.,
+C<Catalyst::Plugin::My::Module> becomes C<My::Module>.
- use Catalyst 'My::Module';
+ use Catalyst qw/My::Module/;
Special flags like -Debug and -Engine can also be specified as arguments when
Catalyst is loaded:
=item -Debug
-enables debug output, i.e.:
-
- use Catalyst '-Debug';
-
-this is equivalent to:
-
- use Catalyst;
- sub debug { 1 }
+Enables debug output.
=item -Engine
-Force Catalyst to use a specific engine.
+Forces Catalyst to use a specific engine.
Omit the C<Catalyst::Engine::> prefix of the engine name, i.e.:
- use Catalyst '-Engine=CGI';
+ use Catalyst qw/-Engine=CGI/;
=item -Home
-Force Catalyst to use a specific home directory.
+Forces Catalyst to use a specific home directory.
=item -Log
-Specify log level.
+Specifies log level.
=back
=head1 METHODS
+=head2 Information about the current request
+
=over 4
=item $c->action
-Accessor for the current action. Returns a L<Catalyst::Action> object,
-which stringifies to the action name.
+Returns a L<Catalyst::Action> object for the current action, which stringifies to the action name.
+
+=item $c->namespace
+
+Returns the namespace of the current action, i.e., the uri prefix corresponding to the
+controller of the current action.
+
+=item $c->request
+
+=item $c->req
+
+Returns the current L<Catalyst::Request> object.
+
+=back
+
+=head2 Processing and response to the current request
+
+=over 4
+
+=item $c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )
+
+=item $c->forward( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
+
+Forwards processing to a private action. If you give a class name but
+no method, process() is called. You may also optionally pass arguments
+in an arrayref. The action will receive the arguments in @_ and $c->req->args.
+Upon returning from the function, $c->req->args will be restored to the previous
+values.
+
+ $c->forward('/foo');
+ $c->forward('index');
+ $c->forward(qw/MyApp::Model::CDBI::Foo do_stuff/);
+ $c->forward('MyApp::View::TT');
+
+=cut
+
+sub forward { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->forward( $c, @_ ) }
+
+=item $c->detach( $action [, \@arguments ] )
+
+=item $c->detach( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
+
+The same as C<forward>, but doesn't return.
+
+=cut
+
+sub detach { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->detach( $c, @_ ) }
+
+=item $c->error
+
+=item $c->error($error, ...)
+
+=item $c->error($arrayref)
+
+Returns an arrayref containing error messages.
+
+ my @error = @{ $c->error };
+
+Add a new error.
+
+ $c->error('Something bad happened');
+
+Clear errors.
+
+ $c->error(0);
+
+=cut
+
+sub error {
+ my $c = shift;
+ if ( $_[0] ) {
+ my $error = ref $_[0] eq 'ARRAY' ? $_[0] : [@_];
+ push @{ $c->{error} }, @$error;
+ }
+ elsif ( defined $_[0] ) { $c->{error} = undef }
+ return $c->{error} || [];
+}
+
+=item $c->response
+
+=item $c->res
+
+Returns the current L<Catalyst::Response> object.
+
+=item $c->stash
+
+Returns a hashref to the stash, which may be used to store data and pass it
+between components. You can also set hash keys by passing arguments. The
+stash is automatically sent to the view.
+
+ $c->stash->{foo} = $bar;
+ $c->stash( { moose => 'majestic', qux => 0 } );
+ $c->stash( bar => 1, gorch => 2 ); # equivalent to passing a hashref
+
+ # stash is automatically passed to the view for use in a template
+ $c->forward( 'MyApp::V::TT' );
+
+=cut
+
+sub stash {
+ my $c = shift;
+ if (@_) {
+ my $stash = @_ > 1 ? {@_} : $_[0];
+ while ( my ( $key, $val ) = each %$stash ) {
+ $c->{stash}->{$key} = $val;
+ }
+ }
+ return $c->{stash};
+}
+
+=item $c->state
+
+Contains the return value of the last executed action.
+
+=back
+
+=head2 Component Accessors
+
+=over 4
=item $c->comp($name)
=item $c->component($name)
-Get a component object by name.
-
- $c->comp('MyApp::Model::MyModel')->do_stuff;
+Gets a component object by name. This method is no longer recommended.
+$c->controller, $c->model, and $c->view should be used instead.
=cut
my @names = (
$name, "${appclass}::${name}",
- map { "${appclass}::${_}::${name}" } qw/M V C/
+ map { "${appclass}::${_}::${name}" }
+ qw/Model M Controller C View V/
);
foreach my $try (@names) {
return sort keys %{ $c->components };
}
-=item config
-
-Returns a hashref containing your applications settings.
-
-=cut
-
=item $c->controller($name)
-Get a L<Catalyst::Controller> instance by name.
+Gets a L<Catalyst::Controller> instance by name.
$c->controller('Foo')->do_stuff;
return $c->comp("C::$name");
}
-=item debug
+=item $c->model($name)
+
+Gets a L<Catalyst::Model> instance by name.
-Overload to enable debug messages.
+ $c->model('Foo')->do_stuff;
=cut
-sub debug { 0 }
+sub model {
+ my ( $c, $name ) = @_;
+ my $model = $c->comp("Model::$name");
+ return $model if $model;
+ return $c->comp("M::$name");
+}
-=item $c->detach( $command [, \@arguments ] )
+=item $c->view($name)
-Like C<forward> but doesn't return.
+Gets a L<Catalyst::View> instance by name.
+
+ $c->view('Foo')->do_stuff;
=cut
-sub detach { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->detach( $c, @_ ) }
+sub view {
+ my ( $c, $name ) = @_;
+ my $view = $c->comp("View::$name");
+ return $view if $view;
+ return $c->comp("V::$name");
+}
-=item $c->dispatcher
+=back
-Contains the dispatcher instance. Stringifies to class name.
+=head2 Class data and helper classes
-=item $c->forward( $command [, \@arguments ] )
+=over 4
-Forward processing to a private action or a method from a class.
-If you define a class without method it will default to process().
-also takes an optional arrayref containing arguments to be passed
-to the new function. $c->req->args will be restored upon returning
-from the function.
+=item $c->config
- $c->forward('/foo');
- $c->forward('index');
- $c->forward(qw/MyApp::Model::CDBI::Foo do_stuff/);
- $c->forward('MyApp::View::TT');
+Returns or takes a hashref containing the application's configuration.
+
+ __PACKAGE__->config({ db => 'dsn:SQLite:foo.db' });
+
+=item $c->debug
+
+Overload to enable debug messages (same as -Debug option).
=cut
-sub forward { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->forward( $c, @_ ) }
+sub debug { 0 }
-=item $c->model($name)
+=item $c->dispatcher
-Get a L<Catalyst::Model> instance by name.
+Returns the dispatcher instance. Stringifies to class name.
- $c->model('Foo')->do_stuff;
+=item $c->engine
+
+Returns the engine instance. Stringifies to the class name.
+
+=item $c->log
+
+Returns the logging object instance. Unless it is already set, Catalyst sets this up with a
+L<Catalyst::Log> object. To use your own log class:
+
+ $c->log( MyLogger->new );
+ $c->log->info( 'now logging with my own logger!' );
+
+Your log class should implement the methods described in the L<Catalyst::Log>
+man page.
=cut
-sub model {
- my ( $c, $name ) = @_;
- my $model = $c->comp("Model::$name");
- return $model if $model;
- return $c->comp("M::$name");
-}
+=back
-=item $c->namespace
+=head2 Utility methods
-Returns the namespace of the current action, i.e., the uri prefix corresponding to the
-controller of the current action.
+=over 4
=item $c->path_to(@path)
else { return file( $c->config->{home}, @path ) }
}
-=item $c->setup
+=item $c->plugin( $name, $class, @args )
+
+Helper method for plugins. It creates a classdata accessor/mutator and loads
+and instantiates the given class.
+
+ MyApp->plugin( 'prototype', 'HTML::Prototype' );
+
+ $c->prototype->define_javascript_functions;
+
+=cut
+
+sub plugin {
+ my ( $class, $name, $plugin, @args ) = @_;
+ $plugin->require;
+
+ if ( my $error = $UNIVERSAL::require::ERROR ) {
+ Catalyst::Exception->throw(
+ message => qq/Couldn't load instant plugin "$plugin", "$error"/ );
+ }
+
+ eval { $plugin->import };
+ $class->mk_classdata($name);
+ my $obj;
+ eval { $obj = $plugin->new(@args) };
+
+ if ($@) {
+ Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
+ qq/Couldn't instantiate instant plugin "$plugin", "$@"/ );
+ }
+
+ $class->$name($obj);
+ $class->log->debug(qq/Initialized instant plugin "$plugin" as "$name"/)
+ if $class->debug;
+}
+
+=item MyApp->setup
Initializes the dispatcher and engine, loads any plugins, and loads the
-model, view, and controller components.
+model, view, and controller components. You may also specify an array of
+plugins to load here, if you choose to not load them in the C<use Catalyst>
+line.
- $c->setup;
+ MyApp->setup;
+ MyApp->setup( qw/-Debug/ );
=cut
$class->log->_flush() if $class->log->can('_flush');
}
-=item $c->uri_for($path,[@args])
+=item $c->uri_for( $path, [ @args ] )
Merges path with $c->request->base for absolute uri's and with
$c->request->match for relative uri's, then returns a normalized
$base )->canonical;
}
-=item $c->error
-
-=item $c->error($error, ...)
-
-=item $c->error($arrayref)
-
-Returns an arrayref containing error messages.
-
- my @error = @{ $c->error };
-
-Add a new error.
-
- $c->error('Something bad happened');
-
-Clear errors.
-
- $c->error(0);
-
-=cut
-
-sub error {
- my $c = shift;
- if ( $_[0] ) {
- my $error = ref $_[0] eq 'ARRAY' ? $_[0] : [@_];
- push @{ $c->{error} }, @$error;
- }
- elsif ( defined $_[0] ) { $c->{error} = undef }
- return $c->{error} || [];
-}
-
-=item $c->engine
-
-Contains the engine instance. Stringifies to the class name.
-
-=item $c->log
-
-Contains the logging object. Unless it is already set Catalyst sets this up with a
-L<Catalyst::Log> object. To use your own log class:
-
- $c->log( MyLogger->new );
- $c->log->info("now logging with my own logger!");
-
-Your log class should implement the methods described in the L<Catalyst::Log>
-man page.
-
-=item $c->plugin( $name, $class, @args )
-
-Instant plugins for Catalyst.
-Classdata accessor/mutator will be created, class loaded and instantiated.
-
- MyApp->plugin( 'prototype', 'HTML::Prototype' );
-
- $c->prototype->define_javascript_functions;
-
-=cut
-
-sub plugin {
- my ( $class, $name, $plugin, @args ) = @_;
- $plugin->require;
-
- if ( my $error = $UNIVERSAL::require::ERROR ) {
- Catalyst::Exception->throw(
- message => qq/Couldn't load instant plugin "$plugin", "$error"/ );
- }
-
- eval { $plugin->import };
- $class->mk_classdata($name);
- my $obj;
- eval { $obj = $plugin->new(@args) };
-
- if ($@) {
- Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
- qq/Couldn't instantiate instant plugin "$plugin", "$@"/ );
- }
-
- $class->$name($obj);
- $class->log->debug(qq/Initialized instant plugin "$plugin" as "$name"/)
- if $class->debug;
-}
-
-=item $c->request
-
-=item $c->req
-
-Returns a C<Catalyst::Request> object.
-
- my $req = $c->req;
-
-=item $c->response
-
-=item $c->res
-
-Returns a C<Catalyst::Response> object.
-
- my $res = $c->res;
-
-=item $c->state
-
-Contains the return value of the last executed action.
-
-=item $c->stash
-
-Returns a hashref containing all your data.
-
- print $c->stash->{foo};
-
-Keys may be set in the stash by assigning to the hash reference, or by passing
-either a single hash reference or a list of key/value pairs as arguments.
-
-For example:
-
- $c->stash->{foo} ||= 'yada';
- $c->stash( { moose => 'majestic', qux => 0 } );
- $c->stash( bar => 1, gorch => 2 );
-
-=cut
-
-sub stash {
- my $c = shift;
- if (@_) {
- my $stash = @_ > 1 ? {@_} : $_[0];
- while ( my ( $key, $val ) = each %$stash ) {
- $c->{stash}->{$key} = $val;
- }
- }
- return $c->{stash};
-}
-
-=item $c->view($name)
-
-Get a L<Catalyst::View> instance by name.
-
- $c->view('Foo')->do_stuff;
-
-=cut
-
-sub view {
- my ( $c, $name ) = @_;
- my $view = $c->comp("View::$name");
- return $view if $view;
- return $c->comp("V::$name");
-}
-
=item $c->welcome_message
Returns the Catalyst welcome HTML page.
=over 4
-=item $c->benchmark($coderef)
+=item $c->benchmark( $coderef )
Takes a coderef with arguments and returns elapsed time as float.
=item $c->counter
-Returns a hashref containing coderefs and execution counts (needed for deep recursion detection).
+Returns a hashref containing coderefs and execution counts (needed for deep
+recursion detection).
=item $c->depth
Returns or sets the dispatcher class.
-=item dump_these
+=item $c->dump_these
Returns a list of 2-element array references (name, structure) pairs that will
be dumped on the error page in debug mode.
Returns or sets the engine class.
-=item $c->execute($class, $coderef)
+=item $c->execute( $class, $coderef )
-Execute a coderef in given class and catch exceptions.
-Errors are available via $c->error.
+Execute a coderef in given class and catch exceptions. Errors are available
+via $c->error.
=cut
return $status;
}
-=item $c->prepare(@arguments)
+=item $c->prepare( @arguments )
-Creates a Catalyst context from an engine-specific request (Apache, CGI, etc.).
+Creates a Catalyst context from an engine-specific request
+(Apache, CGI, etc.).
=cut
=item $c->stack
-Contains the stack.
+Returns the stack.
=item $c->write( $data )
=head1 INTERNAL ACTIONS
Catalyst uses internal actions like C<_DISPATCH>, C<_BEGIN>, C<_AUTO>
-C<_ACTION> and C<_END>, these are by default not shown in the private
-action table.
-
-But you can deactivate this with a config parameter.
+C<_ACTION> and C<_END>. These are by default not shown in the private
+action table, but you can make them visible with a config parameter.
MyApp->config->{show_internal_actions} = 1;
=head1 CASE SENSITIVITY
-By default Catalyst is not case sensitive, so C<MyApp::C::FOO::Bar> becomes
-C</foo/bar>.
-
-But you can activate case sensitivity with a config parameter.
+By default Catalyst is not case sensitive, so C<MyApp::C::FOO::Bar> is
+mapped to C</foo/bar>. You can activate case sensitivity with a config
+parameter.
MyApp->config->{case_sensitive} = 1;
-So C<MyApp::C::Foo::Bar> becomes C</Foo/Bar>.
+This causes C<MyApp::C::Foo::Bar> to map to C</Foo/Bar>.
=head1 ON-DEMAND PARSER
The request body is usually parsed at the beginning of a request,
-but if you want to handle input yourself or speed things up a bit
+but if you want to handle input yourself or speed things up a bit,
you can enable on-demand parsing with a config parameter.
MyApp->config->{parse_on_demand} = 1;
Many production servers operate using the common double-server approach, with
a lightweight frontend web server passing requests to a larger backend
server. An application running on the backend server must deal with two
-problems: the remote user always appears to be '127.0.0.1' and the server's
-hostname will appear to be 'localhost' regardless of the virtual host the
-user connected through.
+problems: the remote user always appears to be C<127.0.0.1> and the server's
+hostname will appear to be C<localhost> regardless of the virtual host that
+the user connected through.
-Catalyst will automatically detect this situation when you are running both
-the frontend and backend servers on the same machine. The following changes
+Catalyst will automatically detect this situation when you are running the
+frontend and backend servers on the same machine. The following changes
are made to the request.
$c->req->address is set to the user's real IP address, as read from the
- HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR header.
+ HTTP X-Forwarded-For header.
The host value for $c->req->base and $c->req->uri is set to the real host,
- as read from the HTTP_X_FORWARDED_HOST header.
+ as read from the HTTP X-Forwarded-Host header.
-Obviously, your web server must support these 2 headers for this to work.
+Obviously, your web server must support these headers for this to work.
In a more complex server farm environment where you may have your frontend
proxy server(s) on different machines, you will need to set a configuration
=head1 THREAD SAFETY
Catalyst has been tested under Apache 2's threading mpm_worker, mpm_winnt,
-and the standalone forking HTTP server on Windows. We believe the Catalyst
+and the standalone forking HTTP server on Windows. We believe the Catalyst
core to be thread-safe.
If you plan to operate in a threaded environment, remember that all other
-modules you are using must also be thread-safe. Some modules, most notably
-DBD::SQLite, are not thread-safe.
+modules you are using must also be thread-safe. Some modules, most notably
+L<DBD::SQLite>, are not thread-safe.
=head1 SUPPORT
Join #catalyst on irc.perl.org.
-Mailing-Lists:
+Mailing Lists:
http://lists.rawmode.org/mailman/listinfo/catalyst
http://lists.rawmode.org/mailman/listinfo/catalyst-dev
http://catalyst.perl.org
+Wiki:
+
+ http://dev.catalyst.perl.org
+
=head1 SEE ALSO
=over 4
Danijel Milicevic
+David Kamholz
+
David Naughton
Gary Ashton Jones
projects / catagits/Catalyst-Runtime.git / blobdiff