4 use base 'Catalyst::Base';
6 use UNIVERSAL::require;
7 use Catalyst::Exception;
10 use Catalyst::Request::Upload;
11 use Catalyst::Response;
15 use Text::SimpleTable;
17 use Time::HiRes qw/gettimeofday tv_interval/;
19 use Scalar::Util qw/weaken/;
22 __PACKAGE__->mk_accessors(
23 qw/counter request response state action stack namespace/
26 attributes->import( __PACKAGE__, \&namespace, 'lvalue' );
28 sub depth { scalar @{ shift->stack || [] }; }
35 # For backwards compatibility
36 *finalize_output = \&finalize_body;
41 our $RECURSION = 1000;
42 our $DETACH = "catalyst_detach\n";
44 require Module::Pluggable::Fast;
46 # Helper script generation
47 our $CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN = 25;
49 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata($_)
50 for qw/components arguments dispatcher engine log dispatcher_class
51 engine_class context_class request_class response_class/;
53 __PACKAGE__->dispatcher_class('Catalyst::Dispatcher');
54 __PACKAGE__->engine_class('Catalyst::Engine::CGI');
55 __PACKAGE__->request_class('Catalyst::Request');
56 __PACKAGE__->response_class('Catalyst::Response');
58 our $VERSION = '5.62';
61 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
63 # We have to limit $class to Catalyst to avoid pushing Catalyst upon every
65 return unless $class eq 'Catalyst';
67 my $caller = caller(0);
69 unless ( $caller->isa('Catalyst') ) {
71 push @{"$caller\::ISA"}, $class;
74 $caller->arguments( [@arguments] );
80 Catalyst - The Elegant MVC Web Application Framework
84 # use the helper to start a new application
87 # add models, views, controllers
88 script/myapp_create.pl model Database DBIC dbi:SQLite:/path/to/db
89 script/myapp_create.pl view TT TT
90 script/myapp_create.pl controller Search
92 # built in testserver -- use -r to restart automatically on changes
93 script/myapp_server.pl
95 # command line testing interface
96 script/myapp_test.pl /yada
99 use Catalyst qw/-Debug/; # include plugins here as well
101 sub foo : Global { # called for /foo, /foo/1, /foo/1/2, etc.
102 my ( $self, $c, @args ) = @_; # args are qw/1 2/ for /foo/1/2
103 $c->stash->{template} = 'foo.tt'; # set the template
104 # lookup something from db -- stash vars are passed to TT
106 MyApp::Model::Database::Foo->search( { country => $args[0] } );
107 if ( $c->req->params->{bar} ) { # access GET or POST parameters
108 $c->forward( 'bar' ); # process another action
109 # do something else after forward returns
113 # The foo.tt TT template can use the stash data from the database
114 [% WHILE (item = data.next) %]
118 # called for /bar/of/soap, /bar/of/soap/10, etc.
119 sub bar : Path('/bar/of/soap') { ... }
121 # called for all actions, from the top-most controller downwards
123 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
125 $c->res->redirect( '/login' ); # require login
126 return 0; # abort request and go immediately to end()
128 return 1; # success; carry on to next action
131 # called after all actions are finished
133 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
134 if ( scalar @{ $c->error } ) { ... } # handle errors
135 return if $c->res->body; # already have a response
136 $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' ); # render template
139 ### in MyApp/Controller/Foo.pm
140 # called for /foo/bar
141 sub bar : Local { ... }
143 # called for /blargle
144 sub blargle : Global { ... }
146 # an index action matches /foo, but not /foo/1, etc.
147 sub index : Private { ... }
149 ### in MyApp/Controller/Foo/Bar.pm
150 # called for /foo/bar/baz
151 sub baz : Local { ... }
153 # first MyApp auto is called, then Foo auto, then this
154 sub auto : Private { ... }
156 # powerful regular expression paths are also possible
157 sub details : Regex('^product/(\w+)/details$') {
158 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
159 # extract the (\w+) from the URI
160 my $product = $c->req->snippets->[0];
163 See L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro> for additional information.
167 The key concept of Catalyst is DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself).
169 See L<Catalyst::Manual> for more documentation.
171 Catalyst plugins can be loaded by naming them as arguments to the "use
172 Catalyst" statement. Omit the C<Catalyst::Plugin::> prefix from the
173 plugin name, i.e., C<Catalyst::Plugin::My::Module> becomes
176 use Catalyst qw/My::Module/;
178 Special flags like C<-Debug> and C<-Engine> can also be specified as
179 arguments when Catalyst is loaded:
181 use Catalyst qw/-Debug My::Module/;
183 The position of plugins and flags in the chain is important, because
184 they are loaded in exactly the order in which they appear.
186 The following flags are supported:
190 Enables debug output.
194 Forces Catalyst to use a specific engine. Omit the
195 C<Catalyst::Engine::> prefix of the engine name, i.e.:
197 use Catalyst qw/-Engine=CGI/;
201 Forces Catalyst to use a specific home directory, e.g.:
203 use Catalyst qw[-Home=/usr/sri];
211 =head2 Information about the current request
215 Returns a L<Catalyst::Action> object for the current action, which
216 stringifies to the action name. See L<Catalyst::Action>.
220 Returns the namespace of the current action, i.e., the uri prefix
221 corresponding to the controller of the current action. For example:
223 # in Controller::Foo::Bar
224 $c->namespace; # returns 'foo/bar';
230 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Request> object. See
231 L<Catalyst::Request>.
233 =head2 Processing and response to the current request
235 =head2 $c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )
237 =head2 $c->forward( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
239 Forwards processing to a private action. If you give a class name but no
240 method, C<process()> is called. You may also optionally pass arguments
241 in an arrayref. The action will receive the arguments in C<@_> and
242 C<$c-E<gt>req-E<gt>args>. Upon returning from the function,
243 C<$c-E<gt>req-E<gt>args> will be restored to the previous values.
246 $c->forward('index');
247 $c->forward(qw/MyApp::Model::CDBI::Foo do_stuff/);
248 $c->forward('MyApp::View::TT');
252 sub forward { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->forward( $c, @_ ) }
254 =head2 $c->detach( $action [, \@arguments ] )
256 =head2 $c->detach( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
258 The same as C<forward>, but doesn't return.
262 sub detach { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->detach( $c, @_ ) }
266 =head2 $c->error($error, ...)
268 =head2 $c->error($arrayref)
270 Returns an arrayref containing error messages. If Catalyst encounters an
271 error while processing a request, it stores the error in $c->error. This
272 method should not be used to store non-fatal error messages.
274 my @error = @{ $c->error };
278 $c->error('Something bad happened');
280 Clear errors. You probably don't want to clear the errors unless you are
281 implementing a custom error screen.
290 my $error = ref $_[0] eq 'ARRAY' ? $_[0] : [@_];
291 push @{ $c->{error} }, @$error;
293 elsif ( defined $_[0] ) { $c->{error} = undef }
294 return $c->{error} || [];
301 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Response> object.
305 Returns a hashref to the stash, which may be used to store data and pass
306 it between components during a request. You can also set hash keys by
307 passing arguments. The stash is automatically sent to the view. The
308 stash is cleared at the end of a request; it cannot be used for
311 $c->stash->{foo} = $bar;
312 $c->stash( { moose => 'majestic', qux => 0 } );
313 $c->stash( bar => 1, gorch => 2 ); # equivalent to passing a hashref
315 # stash is automatically passed to the view for use in a template
316 $c->forward( 'MyApp::V::TT' );
323 my $stash = @_ > 1 ? {@_} : $_[0];
324 while ( my ( $key, $val ) = each %$stash ) {
325 $c->{stash}->{$key} = $val;
333 Contains the return value of the last executed action.
335 =head2 Component Accessors
337 =head2 $c->comp($name)
339 =head2 $c->component($name)
341 Gets a component object by name. This method is no longer recommended,
342 unless you want to get a specific component by full
343 class. C<$c-E<gt>controller>, C<$c-E<gt>model>, and C<$c-E<gt>view>
344 should be used instead.
355 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
358 $name, "${appclass}::${name}",
359 map { "${appclass}::${_}::${name}" }
360 qw/Model M Controller C View V/
363 foreach my $try (@names) {
365 if ( exists $c->components->{$try} ) {
367 return $c->components->{$try};
371 foreach my $component ( keys %{ $c->components } ) {
373 return $c->components->{$component} if $component =~ /$name/i;
378 return sort keys %{ $c->components };
381 =head2 $c->controller($name)
383 Gets a L<Catalyst::Controller> instance by name.
385 $c->controller('Foo')->do_stuff;
390 my ( $c, $name ) = @_;
391 my $controller = $c->comp("Controller::$name");
392 return $controller if defined $controller;
393 return $c->comp("C::$name");
396 =head2 $c->model($name)
398 Gets a L<Catalyst::Model> instance by name.
400 $c->model('Foo')->do_stuff;
405 my ( $c, $name ) = @_;
406 my $model = $c->comp("Model::$name");
407 return $model if defined $model;
408 return $c->comp("M::$name");
411 =head2 $c->view($name)
413 Gets a L<Catalyst::View> instance by name.
415 $c->view('Foo')->do_stuff;
420 my ( $c, $name ) = @_;
421 my $view = $c->comp("View::$name");
422 return $view if defined $view;
423 return $c->comp("V::$name");
426 =head2 Class data and helper classes
430 Returns or takes a hashref containing the application's configuration.
432 __PACKAGE__->config({ db => 'dsn:SQLite:foo.db' });
436 Overload to enable debug messages (same as -Debug option).
442 =head2 $c->dispatcher
444 Returns the dispatcher instance. Stringifies to class name. See
445 L<Catalyst::Dispatcher>.
449 Returns the engine instance. Stringifies to the class name. See
454 Returns the logging object instance. Unless it is already set, Catalyst
455 sets this up with a L<Catalyst::Log> object. To use your own log class:
457 $c->log( MyLogger->new );
458 $c->log->info( 'Now logging with my own logger!' );
460 Your log class should implement the methods described in the
461 L<Catalyst::Log> man page.
465 =head2 Utility methods
467 =head2 $c->path_to(@path)
469 Merges C<@path> with C<$c-E<gt>config-E<gt>{home}> and returns a
470 L<Path::Class> object.
474 $c->path_to( 'db', 'sqlite.db' );
479 my ( $c, @path ) = @_;
480 my $path = dir( $c->config->{home}, @path );
481 if ( -d $path ) { return $path }
482 else { return file( $c->config->{home}, @path ) }
485 =head2 $c->plugin( $name, $class, @args )
487 Helper method for plugins. It creates a classdata accessor/mutator and
488 loads and instantiates the given class.
490 MyApp->plugin( 'prototype', 'HTML::Prototype' );
492 $c->prototype->define_javascript_functions;
497 my ( $class, $name, $plugin, @args ) = @_;
500 if ( my $error = $UNIVERSAL::require::ERROR ) {
501 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
502 message => qq/Couldn't load instant plugin "$plugin", "$error"/ );
505 eval { $plugin->import };
506 $class->mk_classdata($name);
508 eval { $obj = $plugin->new(@args) };
511 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
512 qq/Couldn't instantiate instant plugin "$plugin", "$@"/ );
516 $class->log->debug(qq/Initialized instant plugin "$plugin" as "$name"/)
522 Initializes the dispatcher and engine, loads any plugins, and loads the
523 model, view, and controller components. You may also specify an array
524 of plugins to load here, if you choose to not load them in the C<use
528 MyApp->setup( qw/-Debug/ );
533 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
535 unless ( $class->isa('Catalyst') ) {
537 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
538 message => qq/'$class' does not inherit from Catalyst/ );
541 if ( $class->arguments ) {
542 @arguments = ( @arguments, @{ $class->arguments } );
548 foreach (@arguments) {
552 ( $flags->{log} ) ? 'debug,' . $flags->{log} : 'debug';
554 elsif (/^-(\w+)=?(.*)$/) {
555 $flags->{ lc $1 } = $2;
558 push @{ $flags->{plugins} }, $_;
562 $class->setup_log( delete $flags->{log} );
563 $class->setup_plugins( delete $flags->{plugins} );
564 $class->setup_dispatcher( delete $flags->{dispatcher} );
565 $class->setup_engine( delete $flags->{engine} );
566 $class->setup_home( delete $flags->{home} );
568 for my $flag ( sort keys %{$flags} ) {
570 if ( my $code = $class->can( 'setup_' . $flag ) ) {
571 &$code( $class, delete $flags->{$flag} );
574 $class->log->warn(qq/Unknown flag "$flag"/);
579 <<"EOF") if ( $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} && ( $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} < $Catalyst::CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN ) );
580 You are running an old script!
582 Please update by running (this will overwrite existing files):
583 catalyst.pl -force -scripts $class
585 or (this will not overwrite existing files):
586 catalyst.pl -scripts $class
589 if ( $class->debug ) {
595 @plugins = grep { /^Catalyst::Plugin/ } @{"$class\::ISA"};
599 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new(76);
600 $t->row($_) for @plugins;
601 $class->log->debug( "Loaded plugins:\n" . $t->draw );
604 my $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher;
605 my $engine = $class->engine;
606 my $home = $class->config->{home};
608 $class->log->debug(qq/Loaded dispatcher "$dispatcher"/);
609 $class->log->debug(qq/Loaded engine "$engine"/);
613 ? $class->log->debug(qq/Found home "$home"/)
614 : $class->log->debug(qq/Home "$home" doesn't exist/)
615 : $class->log->debug(q/Couldn't find home/);
620 no warnings qw/redefine/;
621 local *setup = sub { };
625 # Initialize our data structure
626 $class->components( {} );
628 $class->setup_components;
630 if ( $class->debug ) {
631 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 65, 'Class' ], [ 8, 'Type' ] );
632 for my $comp ( sort keys %{ $class->components } ) {
633 my $type = ref $class->components->{$comp} ? 'instance' : 'class';
634 $t->row( $comp, $type );
636 $class->log->debug( "Loaded components:\n" . $t->draw )
637 if ( keys %{ $class->components } );
640 # Add our self to components, since we are also a component
641 $class->components->{$class} = $class;
643 $class->setup_actions;
645 if ( $class->debug ) {
646 my $name = $class->config->{name} || 'Application';
647 $class->log->info("$name powered by Catalyst $Catalyst::VERSION");
649 $class->log->_flush() if $class->log->can('_flush');
652 =head2 $c->uri_for( $path, [ @args ] )
654 Merges path with C<$c-E<gt>request-E<gt>base> for absolute uri's and
655 with C<$c-E<gt>namespace> for relative uri's, then returns a
656 normalized L<URI> object. If any args are passed, they are added at the
662 my ( $c, $path, @args ) = @_;
663 my $base = $c->request->base->clone;
664 my $basepath = $base->path;
665 $basepath =~ s/\/$//;
667 my $namespace = $c->namespace;
669 # massage namespace, empty if absolute path
670 $namespace =~ s/^\///;
671 $namespace .= '/' if $namespace;
673 $namespace = '' if $path =~ /^\//;
676 # join args with '/', or a blank string
677 my $args = ( scalar @args ? '/' . join( '/', @args ) : '' );
678 $args =~ s/^\/// unless $path;
680 URI->new_abs( URI->new_abs( "$path$args", "$basepath$namespace" ), $base )
685 =head2 $c->welcome_message
687 Returns the Catalyst welcome HTML page.
691 sub welcome_message {
693 my $name = $c->config->{name};
694 my $logo = $c->uri_for('/static/images/catalyst_logo.png');
695 my $prefix = Catalyst::Utils::appprefix( ref $c );
696 $c->response->content_type('text/html; charset=utf-8');
698 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
699 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
700 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
702 <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en" />
703 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
704 <title>$name on Catalyst $VERSION</title>
705 <style type="text/css">
708 background-color: #eee;
717 background-color: #ccc;
718 border: 1px solid #aaa;
719 -moz-border-radius: 10px;
724 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
727 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
730 text-decoration: none;
732 border-bottom: 1px dotted #bbb;
734 :link:hover, :visited:hover {
747 background-color: #fff;
748 border: 1px solid #aaa;
749 -moz-border-radius: 10px;
775 <h1><span id="appname">$name</span> on <a href="http://catalyst.perl.org">Catalyst</a>
780 <img src="$logo" alt="Catalyst Logo" />
782 <p>Welcome to the wonderful world of Catalyst.
783 This <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MVC">MVC</a>
784 framework will make web development something you had
785 never expected it to be: Fun, rewarding and quick.</p>
786 <h2>What to do now?</h2>
787 <p>That really depends on what <b>you</b> want to do.
788 We do, however, provide you with a few starting points.</p>
789 <p>If you want to jump right into web development with Catalyst
790 you might want to check out the documentation.</p>
791 <pre><code>perldoc <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/dist/Catalyst/lib/Catalyst/Manual/Intro.pod">Catalyst::Manual::Intro</a>
792 perldoc <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/dist/Catalyst/lib/Catalyst/Manual.pod">Catalyst::Manual</a></code></pre>
793 <h2>What to do next?</h2>
794 <p>Next it's time to write an actual application. Use the
795 helper scripts to generate <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AController%3A%3A&mode=all">controllers</a>,
796 <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AModel%3A%3A&mode=all">models</a> and
797 <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AView%3A%3A&mode=all">views</a>,
798 they can save you a lot of work.</p>
799 <pre><code>script/${prefix}_create.pl -help</code></pre>
800 <p>Also, be sure to check out the vast and growing
801 collection of <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3APlugin%3A%3A&mode=all">plugins for Catalyst on CPAN</a>,
802 you are likely to find what you need there.
806 <p>Catalyst has a very active community. Here are the main places to
807 get in touch with us.</p>
810 <a href="http://dev.catalyst.perl.org">Wiki</a>
813 <a href="http://lists.rawmode.org/mailman/listinfo/catalyst">Mailing-List</a>
816 <a href="irc://irc.perl.org/catalyst">IRC channel #catalyst on irc.perl.org</a>
819 <h2>In conclusion</h2>
820 <p>The Catalyst team hopes you will enjoy using Catalyst as much
821 as we enjoyed making it. Please contact us if you have ideas
822 for improvement or other feedback.</p>
830 =head1 INTERNAL METHODS
832 These methods are not meant to be used by end users.
834 =head2 $c->components
836 Returns a hash of components.
838 =head2 $c->context_class
840 Returns or sets the context class.
844 Returns a hashref containing coderefs and execution counts (needed for
845 deep recursion detection).
849 Returns the number of actions on the current internal execution stack.
853 Dispatches a request to actions.
857 sub dispatch { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->dispatch( $c, @_ ) }
859 =head2 $c->dispatcher_class
861 Returns or sets the dispatcher class.
863 =head2 $c->dump_these
865 Returns a list of 2-element array references (name, structure) pairs
866 that will be dumped on the error page in debug mode.
872 [ Request => $c->req ], [ Response => $c->res ], [ Stash => $c->stash ],;
875 =head2 $c->engine_class
877 Returns or sets the engine class.
879 =head2 $c->execute( $class, $coderef )
881 Execute a coderef in given class and catch exceptions. Errors are available
887 my ( $c, $class, $code ) = @_;
888 $class = $c->components->{$class} || $class;
892 ( caller(0) )[0]->isa('Catalyst::Action')
899 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /\-\>/;
900 $c->counter->{"$code"}++;
902 if ( $c->counter->{"$code"} > $RECURSION ) {
903 my $error = qq/Deep recursion detected in "$action"/;
904 $c->log->error($error);
910 $action = "-> $action" if $callsub =~ /forward$/;
912 push( @{ $c->stack }, $code );
915 $start = [gettimeofday] if $c->debug;
916 eval { $c->state( &$code( $class, $c, @{ $c->req->args } ) || 0 ) };
917 $elapsed = tv_interval($start) if $c->debug;
920 unless ( ( $code->name =~ /^_.*/ )
921 && ( !$c->config->{show_internal_actions} ) )
923 push @{ $c->{stats} }, [ $action, sprintf( '%fs', $elapsed ) ];
926 my $last = ${ $c->stack }[-1];
927 pop( @{ $c->stack } );
929 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
931 if ( $error eq $DETACH ) { die $DETACH if $c->depth > 1 }
933 unless ( ref $error ) {
935 my $class = $last->class;
936 my $name = $last->name;
937 $error = qq/Caught exception in $class->$name "$error"/;
948 Finalizes the request.
955 for my $error ( @{ $c->error } ) {
956 $c->log->error($error);
959 $c->finalize_uploads;
962 if ( $#{ $c->error } >= 0 ) {
966 $c->finalize_headers;
969 if ( $c->request->method eq 'HEAD' ) {
970 $c->response->body('');
975 return $c->response->status;
978 =head2 $c->finalize_body
984 sub finalize_body { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_body( $c, @_ ) }
986 =head2 $c->finalize_cookies
992 sub finalize_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_cookies( $c, @_ ) }
994 =head2 $c->finalize_error
1000 sub finalize_error { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_error( $c, @_ ) }
1002 =head2 $c->finalize_headers
1008 sub finalize_headers {
1011 # Check if we already finalized headers
1012 return if $c->response->{_finalized_headers};
1015 if ( my $location = $c->response->redirect ) {
1016 $c->log->debug(qq/Redirecting to "$location"/) if $c->debug;
1017 $c->response->header( Location => $location );
1021 if ( $c->response->body && !$c->response->content_length ) {
1023 # get the length from a filehandle
1024 if ( ref $c->response->body && $c->response->body->can('read') ) {
1025 if ( my $stat = stat $c->response->body ) {
1026 $c->response->content_length( $stat->size );
1029 $c->log->warn('Serving filehandle without a content-length');
1033 $c->response->content_length( bytes::length( $c->response->body ) );
1038 if ( $c->response->status =~ /^(1\d\d|[23]04)$/ ) {
1039 $c->response->headers->remove_header("Content-Length");
1040 $c->response->body('');
1043 $c->finalize_cookies;
1045 $c->engine->finalize_headers( $c, @_ );
1048 $c->response->{_finalized_headers} = 1;
1051 =head2 $c->finalize_output
1053 An alias for finalize_body.
1055 =head2 $c->finalize_read
1057 Finalizes the input after reading is complete.
1061 sub finalize_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_read( $c, @_ ) }
1063 =head2 $c->finalize_uploads
1065 Finalizes uploads. Cleans up any temporary files.
1069 sub finalize_uploads { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_uploads( $c, @_ ) }
1071 =head2 $c->get_action( $action, $namespace )
1073 Gets an action in a given namespace.
1077 sub get_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_action(@_) }
1079 =head2 $c->get_actions( $action, $namespace )
1081 Gets all actions of a given name in a namespace and all parent
1086 sub get_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_actions( $c, @_ ) }
1088 =head2 handle_request( $class, @arguments )
1090 Called to handle each HTTP request.
1094 sub handle_request {
1095 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
1097 # Always expect worst case!
1103 my $c = $class->prepare(@arguments);
1104 $c->{stats} = \@stats;
1106 return $c->finalize;
1109 if ( $class->debug ) {
1110 my $start = [gettimeofday];
1111 $status = &$handler;
1112 my $elapsed = tv_interval $start;
1113 $elapsed = sprintf '%f', $elapsed;
1114 my $av = sprintf '%.3f',
1115 ( $elapsed == 0 ? '??' : ( 1 / $elapsed ) );
1116 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 64, 'Action' ], [ 9, 'Time' ] );
1118 for my $stat (@stats) { $t->row( $stat->[0], $stat->[1] ) }
1120 "Request took ${elapsed}s ($av/s)\n" . $t->draw );
1122 else { $status = &$handler }
1126 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1128 $class->log->error(qq/Caught exception in engine "$error"/);
1132 $class->log->_flush() if $class->log->can('_flush');
1136 =head2 $c->prepare( @arguments )
1138 Creates a Catalyst context from an engine-specific request (Apache, CGI,
1144 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
1146 $class->context_class( ref $class || $class ) unless $class->context_class;
1147 my $c = $class->context_class->new(
1151 request => $class->request_class->new(
1154 body_parameters => {},
1156 headers => HTTP::Headers->new,
1158 query_parameters => {},
1164 response => $class->response_class->new(
1168 headers => HTTP::Headers->new(),
1177 # For on-demand data
1178 $c->request->{_context} = $c;
1179 $c->response->{_context} = $c;
1180 weaken( $c->request->{_context} );
1181 weaken( $c->response->{_context} );
1184 my $secs = time - $START || 1;
1185 my $av = sprintf '%.3f', $COUNT / $secs;
1186 $c->log->debug('**********************************');
1187 $c->log->debug("* Request $COUNT ($av/s) [$$]");
1188 $c->log->debug('**********************************');
1189 $c->res->headers->header( 'X-Catalyst' => $Catalyst::VERSION );
1192 $c->prepare_request(@arguments);
1193 $c->prepare_connection;
1194 $c->prepare_query_parameters;
1195 $c->prepare_headers;
1196 $c->prepare_cookies;
1200 $c->prepare_body unless $c->config->{parse_on_demand};
1202 my $method = $c->req->method || '';
1203 my $path = $c->req->path || '';
1204 my $address = $c->req->address || '';
1206 $c->log->debug(qq/"$method" request for "$path" from "$address"/)
1214 =head2 $c->prepare_action
1220 sub prepare_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->prepare_action( $c, @_ ) }
1222 =head2 $c->prepare_body
1224 Prepares message body.
1231 # Do we run for the first time?
1232 return if defined $c->request->{_body};
1234 # Initialize on-demand data
1235 $c->engine->prepare_body( $c, @_ );
1236 $c->prepare_parameters;
1237 $c->prepare_uploads;
1239 if ( $c->debug && keys %{ $c->req->body_parameters } ) {
1240 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 37, 'Key' ], [ 36, 'Value' ] );
1241 for my $key ( sort keys %{ $c->req->body_parameters } ) {
1242 my $param = $c->req->body_parameters->{$key};
1243 my $value = defined($param) ? $param : '';
1245 ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ? ( join ', ', @$value ) : $value );
1247 $c->log->debug( "Body Parameters are:\n" . $t->draw );
1251 =head2 $c->prepare_body_chunk( $chunk )
1253 Prepares a chunk of data before sending it to L<HTTP::Body>.
1257 sub prepare_body_chunk {
1259 $c->engine->prepare_body_chunk( $c, @_ );
1262 =head2 $c->prepare_body_parameters
1264 Prepares body parameters.
1268 sub prepare_body_parameters {
1270 $c->engine->prepare_body_parameters( $c, @_ );
1273 =head2 $c->prepare_connection
1275 Prepares connection.
1279 sub prepare_connection {
1281 $c->engine->prepare_connection( $c, @_ );
1284 =head2 $c->prepare_cookies
1290 sub prepare_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_cookies( $c, @_ ) }
1292 =head2 $c->prepare_headers
1298 sub prepare_headers { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_headers( $c, @_ ) }
1300 =head2 $c->prepare_parameters
1302 Prepares parameters.
1306 sub prepare_parameters {
1308 $c->prepare_body_parameters;
1309 $c->engine->prepare_parameters( $c, @_ );
1312 =head2 $c->prepare_path
1314 Prepares path and base.
1318 sub prepare_path { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_path( $c, @_ ) }
1320 =head2 $c->prepare_query_parameters
1322 Prepares query parameters.
1326 sub prepare_query_parameters {
1329 $c->engine->prepare_query_parameters( $c, @_ );
1331 if ( $c->debug && keys %{ $c->request->query_parameters } ) {
1332 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 37, 'Key' ], [ 36, 'Value' ] );
1333 for my $key ( sort keys %{ $c->req->query_parameters } ) {
1334 my $param = $c->req->query_parameters->{$key};
1335 my $value = defined($param) ? $param : '';
1337 ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ? ( join ', ', @$value ) : $value );
1339 $c->log->debug( "Query Parameters are:\n" . $t->draw );
1343 =head2 $c->prepare_read
1345 Prepares the input for reading.
1349 sub prepare_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_read( $c, @_ ) }
1351 =head2 $c->prepare_request
1353 Prepares the engine request.
1357 sub prepare_request { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_request( $c, @_ ) }
1359 =head2 $c->prepare_uploads
1365 sub prepare_uploads {
1368 $c->engine->prepare_uploads( $c, @_ );
1370 if ( $c->debug && keys %{ $c->request->uploads } ) {
1371 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new(
1377 for my $key ( sort keys %{ $c->request->uploads } ) {
1378 my $upload = $c->request->uploads->{$key};
1379 for my $u ( ref $upload eq 'ARRAY' ? @{$upload} : ($upload) ) {
1380 $t->row( $key, $u->filename, $u->type, $u->size );
1383 $c->log->debug( "File Uploads are:\n" . $t->draw );
1387 =head2 $c->prepare_write
1389 Prepares the output for writing.
1393 sub prepare_write { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_write( $c, @_ ) }
1395 =head2 $c->request_class
1397 Returns or sets the request class.
1399 =head2 $c->response_class
1401 Returns or sets the response class.
1403 =head2 $c->read( [$maxlength] )
1405 Reads a chunk of data from the request body. This method is designed to
1406 be used in a while loop, reading C<$maxlength> bytes on every call.
1407 C<$maxlength> defaults to the size of the request if not specified.
1409 You have to set C<MyApp-E<gt>config-E<gt>{parse_on_demand}> to use this
1414 sub read { my $c = shift; return $c->engine->read( $c, @_ ) }
1422 sub run { my $c = shift; return $c->engine->run( $c, @_ ) }
1424 =head2 $c->set_action( $action, $code, $namespace, $attrs )
1426 Sets an action in a given namespace.
1430 sub set_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->set_action( $c, @_ ) }
1432 =head2 $c->setup_actions($component)
1434 Sets up actions for a component.
1438 sub setup_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->setup_actions( $c, @_ ) }
1440 =head2 $c->setup_components
1446 sub setup_components {
1449 my $callback = sub {
1450 my ( $component, $context ) = @_;
1452 unless ( $component->isa('Catalyst::Component') ) {
1456 my $suffix = Catalyst::Utils::class2classsuffix($component);
1457 my $config = $class->config->{$suffix} || {};
1461 eval { $instance = $component->new( $context, $config ); };
1463 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1467 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
1468 qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", "$error"/ );
1471 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
1472 qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", "new() didn't return a object"/
1474 unless ref $instance;
1478 eval "package $class;\n" . q!Module::Pluggable::Fast->import(
1479 name => '_catalyst_components',
1481 "$class\::Controller", "$class\::C",
1482 "$class\::Model", "$class\::M",
1483 "$class\::View", "$class\::V"
1485 callback => $callback
1489 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1493 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
1494 message => qq/Couldn't load components "$error"/ );
1497 for my $component ( $class->_catalyst_components($class) ) {
1498 $class->components->{ ref $component || $component } = $component;
1502 =head2 $c->setup_dispatcher
1508 sub setup_dispatcher {
1509 my ( $class, $dispatcher ) = @_;
1512 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $dispatcher;
1515 if ( $ENV{CATALYST_DISPATCHER} ) {
1516 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $ENV{CATALYST_DISPATCHER};
1519 if ( $ENV{ uc($class) . '_DISPATCHER' } ) {
1521 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $ENV{ uc($class) . '_DISPATCHER' };
1524 unless ($dispatcher) {
1525 $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher_class;
1528 $dispatcher->require;
1531 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
1532 message => qq/Couldn't load dispatcher "$dispatcher", "$@"/ );
1535 # dispatcher instance
1536 $class->dispatcher( $dispatcher->new );
1539 =head2 $c->setup_engine
1546 my ( $class, $engine ) = @_;
1549 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::' . $engine;
1552 if ( $ENV{CATALYST_ENGINE} ) {
1553 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::' . $ENV{CATALYST_ENGINE};
1556 if ( $ENV{ uc($class) . '_ENGINE' } ) {
1557 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::' . $ENV{ uc($class) . '_ENGINE' };
1560 if ( !$engine && $ENV{MOD_PERL} ) {
1562 # create the apache method
1565 *{"$class\::apache"} = sub { shift->engine->apache };
1568 my ( $software, $version ) =
1569 $ENV{MOD_PERL} =~ /^(\S+)\/(\d+(?:[\.\_]\d+)+)/;
1572 $version =~ s/(\.[^.]+)\./$1/g;
1574 if ( $software eq 'mod_perl' ) {
1576 if ( $version >= 1.99922 ) {
1577 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Apache2::MP20';
1580 elsif ( $version >= 1.9901 ) {
1581 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Apache2::MP19';
1584 elsif ( $version >= 1.24 ) {
1585 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Apache::MP13';
1589 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
1590 qq/Unsupported mod_perl version: $ENV{MOD_PERL}/ );
1593 # install the correct mod_perl handler
1594 if ( $version >= 1.9901 ) {
1595 *handler = sub : method {
1596 shift->handle_request(@_);
1600 *handler = sub ($$) { shift->handle_request(@_) };
1605 elsif ( $software eq 'Zeus-Perl' ) {
1606 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Zeus';
1610 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
1611 message => qq/Unsupported mod_perl: $ENV{MOD_PERL}/ );
1616 $engine = $class->engine_class;
1622 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
1623 qq/Couldn't load engine "$engine" (maybe you forgot to install it?), "$@"/
1627 # check for old engines that are no longer compatible
1629 if ( $engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Apache')
1630 && !Catalyst::Engine::Apache->VERSION )
1635 elsif ( $engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Server::Base')
1636 && Catalyst::Engine::Server->VERSION le '0.02' )
1641 elsif ($engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::HTTP::POE')
1642 && $engine->VERSION eq '0.01' )
1647 elsif ($engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Zeus')
1648 && $engine->VERSION eq '0.01' )
1654 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
1655 qq/Engine "$engine" is not supported by this version of Catalyst/
1660 $class->engine( $engine->new );
1663 =head2 $c->setup_home
1665 Sets up the home directory.
1670 my ( $class, $home ) = @_;
1672 if ( $ENV{CATALYST_HOME} ) {
1673 $home = $ENV{CATALYST_HOME};
1676 if ( $ENV{ uc($class) . '_HOME' } ) {
1677 $home = $ENV{ uc($class) . '_HOME' };
1681 $home = Catalyst::Utils::home($class);
1685 $class->config->{home} ||= $home;
1686 $class->config->{root} ||= dir($home)->subdir('root');
1690 =head2 $c->setup_log
1697 my ( $class, $debug ) = @_;
1699 unless ( $class->log ) {
1700 $class->log( Catalyst::Log->new );
1703 my $app_flag = Catalyst::Utils::class2env($class) . '_DEBUG';
1706 ( defined( $ENV{CATALYST_DEBUG} ) || defined( $ENV{$app_flag} ) )
1707 ? ( $ENV{CATALYST_DEBUG} || $ENV{$app_flag} )
1712 *{"$class\::debug"} = sub { 1 };
1713 $class->log->debug('Debug messages enabled');
1717 =head2 $c->setup_plugins
1724 my ( $class, $plugins ) = @_;
1727 for my $plugin ( reverse @$plugins ) {
1729 $plugin = "Catalyst::Plugin::$plugin";
1734 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
1735 message => qq/Couldn't load plugin "$plugin", "$@"/ );
1740 unshift @{"$class\::ISA"}, $plugin;
1749 =head2 $c->write( $data )
1751 Writes $data to the output stream. When using this method directly, you
1752 will need to manually set the C<Content-Length> header to the length of
1753 your output data, if known.
1760 # Finalize headers if someone manually writes output
1761 $c->finalize_headers;
1763 return $c->engine->write( $c, @_ );
1768 Returns the Catalyst version number. Mostly useful for "powered by"
1769 messages in template systems.
1773 sub version { return $Catalyst::VERSION }
1775 =head1 INTERNAL ACTIONS
1777 Catalyst uses internal actions like C<_DISPATCH>, C<_BEGIN>, C<_AUTO>,
1778 C<_ACTION>, and C<_END>. These are by default not shown in the private
1779 action table, but you can make them visible with a config parameter.
1781 MyApp->config->{show_internal_actions} = 1;
1783 =head1 CASE SENSITIVITY
1785 By default Catalyst is not case sensitive, so C<MyApp::C::FOO::Bar> is
1786 mapped to C</foo/bar>. You can activate case sensitivity with a config
1789 MyApp->config->{case_sensitive} = 1;
1791 This causes C<MyApp::C::Foo::Bar> to map to C</Foo/Bar>.
1793 =head1 ON-DEMAND PARSER
1795 The request body is usually parsed at the beginning of a request,
1796 but if you want to handle input yourself or speed things up a bit,
1797 you can enable on-demand parsing with a config parameter.
1799 MyApp->config->{parse_on_demand} = 1;
1801 =head1 PROXY SUPPORT
1803 Many production servers operate using the common double-server approach,
1804 with a lightweight frontend web server passing requests to a larger
1805 backend server. An application running on the backend server must deal
1806 with two problems: the remote user always appears to be C<127.0.0.1> and
1807 the server's hostname will appear to be C<localhost> regardless of the
1808 virtual host that the user connected through.
1810 Catalyst will automatically detect this situation when you are running
1811 the frontend and backend servers on the same machine. The following
1812 changes are made to the request.
1814 $c->req->address is set to the user's real IP address, as read from
1815 the HTTP X-Forwarded-For header.
1817 The host value for $c->req->base and $c->req->uri is set to the real
1818 host, as read from the HTTP X-Forwarded-Host header.
1820 Obviously, your web server must support these headers for this to work.
1822 In a more complex server farm environment where you may have your
1823 frontend proxy server(s) on different machines, you will need to set a
1824 configuration option to tell Catalyst to read the proxied data from the
1827 MyApp->config->{using_frontend_proxy} = 1;
1829 If you do not wish to use the proxy support at all, you may set:
1831 MyApp->config->{ignore_frontend_proxy} = 1;
1833 =head1 THREAD SAFETY
1835 Catalyst has been tested under Apache 2's threading mpm_worker, mpm_winnt,
1836 and the standalone forking HTTP server on Windows. We believe the Catalyst
1837 core to be thread-safe.
1839 If you plan to operate in a threaded environment, remember that all other
1840 modules you are using must also be thread-safe. Some modules, most notably
1841 L<DBD::SQLite>, are not thread-safe.
1847 Join #catalyst on irc.perl.org.
1851 http://lists.rawmode.org/mailman/listinfo/catalyst
1852 http://lists.rawmode.org/mailman/listinfo/catalyst-dev
1856 http://catalyst.perl.org
1860 http://dev.catalyst.perl.org
1864 =head2 L<Task::Catalyst> - All you need to start with Catalyst
1866 =head2 L<Catalyst::Manual> - The Catalyst Manual
1868 =head2 L<Catalyst::Component>, L<Catalyst::Base> - Base classes for components
1870 =head2 L<Catalyst::Engine> - Core engine
1872 =head2 L<Catalyst::Log> - Log class.
1874 =head2 L<Catalyst::Request> - Request object
1876 =head2 L<Catalyst::Response> - Response object
1878 =head2 L<Catalyst::Test> - The test suite.
1948 Sebastian Riedel, C<sri@oook.de>
1952 This library is free software, you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
1953 the same terms as Perl itself.