4 use Moose::Meta::Class ();
5 extends 'Catalyst::Component';
6 use Moose::Util qw/find_meta/;
7 use namespace::clean -except => 'meta';
8 use Catalyst::Exception;
9 use Catalyst::Exception::Detach;
10 use Catalyst::Exception::Go;
12 use Catalyst::Request;
13 use Catalyst::Request::Upload;
14 use Catalyst::Response;
16 use Catalyst::Controller;
18 use Devel::InnerPackage ();
19 use Module::Pluggable::Object ();
20 use Text::SimpleTable ();
21 use Path::Class::Dir ();
22 use Path::Class::File ();
27 use Tree::Simple qw/use_weak_refs/;
28 use Tree::Simple::Visitor::FindByUID;
29 use Class::C3::Adopt::NEXT;
30 use List::MoreUtils qw/uniq/;
32 use String::RewritePrefix;
33 use Catalyst::EngineLoader;
35 use Carp qw/croak carp shortmess/;
38 use Moose::Util 'find_meta';
39 use Plack::Middleware::Conditional;
40 use Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy;
41 use Plack::Middleware::IIS6ScriptNameFix;
42 use Plack::Middleware::IIS7KeepAliveFix;
43 use Plack::Middleware::LighttpdScriptNameFix;
44 use Plack::Middleware::ContentLength;
45 use Plack::Middleware::Head;
46 use Plack::Middleware::HTTPExceptions;
47 use Plack::Middleware::FixMissingBodyInRedirect;
49 use Class::Load 'load_class';
51 BEGIN { require 5.008003; }
53 has stack => (is => 'ro', default => sub { [] });
54 has stash => (is => 'rw', default => sub { {} });
55 has state => (is => 'rw', default => 0);
56 has stats => (is => 'rw');
57 has action => (is => 'rw');
58 has counter => (is => 'rw', default => sub { {} });
63 $self->request_class->new($self->_build_request_constructor_args);
67 sub _build_request_constructor_args {
69 my %p = ( _log => $self->log );
70 $p{_uploadtmp} = $self->_uploadtmp if $self->_has_uploadtmp;
71 $p{data_handlers} = {$self->registered_data_handlers};
72 $p{_use_hash_multivalue} = $self->config->{use_hash_multivalue_in_request}
73 if $self->config->{use_hash_multivalue_in_request};
81 $self->response_class->new($self->_build_response_constructor_args);
85 sub _build_response_constructor_args {
87 { _log => $self->log };
90 has namespace => (is => 'rw');
92 sub depth { scalar @{ shift->stack || [] }; }
93 sub comp { shift->component(@_) }
96 my $self = shift; return $self->request(@_);
99 my $self = shift; return $self->response(@_);
102 # For backwards compatibility
103 sub finalize_output { shift->finalize_body(@_) };
108 our $RECURSION = 1000;
109 our $DETACH = Catalyst::Exception::Detach->new;
110 our $GO = Catalyst::Exception::Go->new;
112 #I imagine that very few of these really need to be class variables. if any.
113 #maybe we should just make them attributes with a default?
114 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata($_)
115 for qw/components arguments dispatcher engine log dispatcher_class
116 engine_loader context_class request_class response_class stats_class
117 setup_finished _psgi_app loading_psgi_file run_options _psgi_middleware
120 __PACKAGE__->dispatcher_class('Catalyst::Dispatcher');
121 __PACKAGE__->request_class('Catalyst::Request');
122 __PACKAGE__->response_class('Catalyst::Response');
123 __PACKAGE__->stats_class('Catalyst::Stats');
125 # Remember to update this in Catalyst::Runtime as well!
127 our $VERSION = '5.90059_004';
130 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
132 # We have to limit $class to Catalyst to avoid pushing Catalyst upon every
134 return unless $class eq 'Catalyst';
136 my $caller = caller();
137 return if $caller eq 'main';
139 my $meta = Moose::Meta::Class->initialize($caller);
140 unless ( $caller->isa('Catalyst') ) {
141 my @superclasses = ($meta->superclasses, $class, 'Catalyst::Controller');
142 $meta->superclasses(@superclasses);
144 # Avoid possible C3 issues if 'Moose::Object' is already on RHS of MyApp
145 $meta->superclasses(grep { $_ ne 'Moose::Object' } $meta->superclasses);
147 unless( $meta->has_method('meta') ){
148 if ($Moose::VERSION >= 1.15) {
149 $meta->_add_meta_method('meta');
152 $meta->add_method(meta => sub { Moose::Meta::Class->initialize("${caller}") } );
156 $caller->arguments( [@arguments] );
160 sub _application { $_[0] }
166 Catalyst - The Elegant MVC Web Application Framework
170 See the L<Catalyst::Manual> distribution for comprehensive
171 documentation and tutorials.
173 # Install Catalyst::Devel for helpers and other development tools
174 # use the helper to create a new application
177 # add models, views, controllers
178 script/myapp_create.pl model MyDatabase DBIC::Schema create=static dbi:SQLite:/path/to/db
179 script/myapp_create.pl view MyTemplate TT
180 script/myapp_create.pl controller Search
182 # built in testserver -- use -r to restart automatically on changes
183 # --help to see all available options
184 script/myapp_server.pl
186 # command line testing interface
187 script/myapp_test.pl /yada
190 use Catalyst qw/-Debug/; # include plugins here as well
192 ### In lib/MyApp/Controller/Root.pm (autocreated)
193 sub foo : Chained('/') Args() { # called for /foo, /foo/1, /foo/1/2, etc.
194 my ( $self, $c, @args ) = @_; # args are qw/1 2/ for /foo/1/2
195 $c->stash->{template} = 'foo.tt'; # set the template
196 # lookup something from db -- stash vars are passed to TT
198 $c->model('Database::Foo')->search( { country => $args[0] } );
199 if ( $c->req->params->{bar} ) { # access GET or POST parameters
200 $c->forward( 'bar' ); # process another action
201 # do something else after forward returns
205 # The foo.tt TT template can use the stash data from the database
206 [% WHILE (item = data.next) %]
210 # called for /bar/of/soap, /bar/of/soap/10, etc.
211 sub bar : Chained('/') PathPart('/bar/of/soap') Args() { ... }
213 # called after all actions are finished
215 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
216 if ( scalar @{ $c->error } ) { ... } # handle errors
217 return if $c->res->body; # already have a response
218 $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' ); # render template
221 See L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro> for additional information.
225 Catalyst is a modern framework for making web applications without the
226 pain usually associated with this process. This document is a reference
227 to the main Catalyst application. If you are a new user, we suggest you
228 start with L<Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial> or L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro>.
230 See L<Catalyst::Manual> for more documentation.
232 Catalyst plugins can be loaded by naming them as arguments to the "use
233 Catalyst" statement. Omit the C<Catalyst::Plugin::> prefix from the
234 plugin name, i.e., C<Catalyst::Plugin::My::Module> becomes
237 use Catalyst qw/My::Module/;
239 If your plugin starts with a name other than C<Catalyst::Plugin::>, you can
240 fully qualify the name by using a unary plus:
244 +Fully::Qualified::Plugin::Name
247 Special flags like C<-Debug> can also be specified as
248 arguments when Catalyst is loaded:
250 use Catalyst qw/-Debug My::Module/;
252 The position of plugins and flags in the chain is important, because
253 they are loaded in the order in which they appear.
255 The following flags are supported:
259 Enables debug output. You can also force this setting from the system
260 environment with CATALYST_DEBUG or <MYAPP>_DEBUG. The environment
261 settings override the application, with <MYAPP>_DEBUG having the highest
264 This sets the log level to 'debug' and enables full debug output on the
265 error screen. If you only want the latter, see L<< $c->debug >>.
269 Forces Catalyst to use a specific home directory, e.g.:
271 use Catalyst qw[-Home=/usr/mst];
273 This can also be done in the shell environment by setting either the
274 C<CATALYST_HOME> environment variable or C<MYAPP_HOME>; where C<MYAPP>
275 is replaced with the uppercased name of your application, any "::" in
276 the name will be replaced with underscores, e.g. MyApp::Web should use
277 MYAPP_WEB_HOME. If both variables are set, the MYAPP_HOME one will be used.
279 If none of these are set, Catalyst will attempt to automatically detect the
280 home directory. If you are working in a development environment, Catalyst
281 will try and find the directory containing either Makefile.PL, Build.PL,
282 dist.ini, or cpanfile. If the application has been installed into the system
283 (i.e. you have done C<make install>), then Catalyst will use the path to your
284 application module, without the .pm extension (e.g., /foo/MyApp if your
285 application was installed at /foo/MyApp.pm)
289 use Catalyst '-Log=warn,fatal,error';
291 Specifies a comma-delimited list of log levels.
295 Enables statistics collection and reporting.
297 use Catalyst qw/-Stats=1/;
299 You can also force this setting from the system environment with CATALYST_STATS
300 or <MYAPP>_STATS. The environment settings override the application, with
301 <MYAPP>_STATS having the highest priority.
303 Stats are also enabled if L<< debugging |/"-Debug" >> is enabled.
307 =head2 INFORMATION ABOUT THE CURRENT REQUEST
311 Returns a L<Catalyst::Action> object for the current action, which
312 stringifies to the action name. See L<Catalyst::Action>.
316 Returns the namespace of the current action, i.e., the URI prefix
317 corresponding to the controller of the current action. For example:
319 # in Controller::Foo::Bar
320 $c->namespace; # returns 'foo/bar';
326 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Request> object, giving access to
327 information about the current client request (including parameters,
328 cookies, HTTP headers, etc.). See L<Catalyst::Request>.
330 =head2 REQUEST FLOW HANDLING
332 =head2 $c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )
334 =head2 $c->forward( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
336 This is one way of calling another action (method) in the same or
337 a different controller. You can also use C<< $self->my_method($c, @args) >>
338 in the same controller or C<< $c->controller('MyController')->my_method($c, @args) >>
339 in a different controller.
340 The main difference is that 'forward' uses some of the Catalyst request
341 cycle overhead, including debugging, which may be useful to you. On the
342 other hand, there are some complications to using 'forward', restrictions
343 on values returned from 'forward', and it may not handle errors as you prefer.
344 Whether you use 'forward' or not is up to you; it is not considered superior to
345 the other ways to call a method.
347 'forward' calls another action, by its private name. If you give a
348 class name but no method, C<process()> is called. You may also optionally
349 pass arguments in an arrayref. The action will receive the arguments in
350 C<@_> and C<< $c->req->args >>. Upon returning from the function,
351 C<< $c->req->args >> will be restored to the previous values.
353 Any data C<return>ed from the action forwarded to, will be returned by the
356 my $foodata = $c->forward('/foo');
357 $c->forward('index');
358 $c->forward(qw/Model::DBIC::Foo do_stuff/);
359 $c->forward('View::TT');
361 Note that L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >> implies
362 an C<< eval { } >> around the call (actually
363 L<< execute|/"$c->execute( $class, $coderef )" >> does), thus rendering all
364 exceptions thrown by the called action non-fatal and pushing them onto
365 $c->error instead. If you want C<die> to propagate you need to do something
369 die join "\n", @{ $c->error } if @{ $c->error };
371 Or make sure to always return true values from your actions and write
374 $c->forward('foo') || return;
376 Another note is that C<< $c->forward >> always returns a scalar because it
377 actually returns $c->state which operates in a scalar context.
378 Thus, something like:
382 in an action that is forwarded to is going to return a scalar,
383 i.e. how many items are in that array, which is probably not what you want.
384 If you need to return an array then return a reference to it,
387 $c->stash->{array} = \@array;
389 and access it from the stash.
391 Keep in mind that the C<end> method used is that of the caller action. So a C<$c-E<gt>detach> inside a forwarded action would run the C<end> method from the original action requested.
395 sub forward { my $c = shift; no warnings 'recursion'; $c->dispatcher->forward( $c, @_ ) }
397 =head2 $c->detach( $action [, \@arguments ] )
399 =head2 $c->detach( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
403 The same as L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>, but
404 doesn't return to the previous action when processing is finished.
406 When called with no arguments it escapes the processing chain entirely.
410 sub detach { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->detach( $c, @_ ) }
412 =head2 $c->visit( $action [, \@arguments ] )
414 =head2 $c->visit( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
416 =head2 $c->visit( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
418 =head2 $c->visit( $class, $method, [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
420 Almost the same as L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>,
421 but does a full dispatch, instead of just calling the new C<$action> /
422 C<< $class->$method >>. This means that C<begin>, C<auto> and the method
423 you go to are called, just like a new request.
425 In addition both C<< $c->action >> and C<< $c->namespace >> are localized.
426 This means, for example, that C<< $c->action >> methods such as
427 L<name|Catalyst::Action/name>, L<class|Catalyst::Action/class> and
428 L<reverse|Catalyst::Action/reverse> return information for the visited action
429 when they are invoked within the visited action. This is different from the
430 behavior of L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>, which
431 continues to use the $c->action object from the caller action even when
432 invoked from the called action.
434 C<< $c->stash >> is kept unchanged.
436 In effect, L<< visit|/"$c->visit( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )" >>
437 allows you to "wrap" another action, just as it would have been called by
438 dispatching from a URL, while the analogous
439 L<< go|/"$c->go( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )" >> allows you to
440 transfer control to another action as if it had been reached directly from a URL.
444 sub visit { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->visit( $c, @_ ) }
446 =head2 $c->go( $action [, \@arguments ] )
448 =head2 $c->go( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
450 =head2 $c->go( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
452 =head2 $c->go( $class, $method, [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
454 The relationship between C<go> and
455 L<< visit|/"$c->visit( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )" >> is the same as
456 the relationship between
457 L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )" >> and
458 L<< detach|/"$c->detach( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>. Like C<< $c->visit >>,
459 C<< $c->go >> will perform a full dispatch on the specified action or method,
460 with localized C<< $c->action >> and C<< $c->namespace >>. Like C<detach>,
461 C<go> escapes the processing of the current request chain on completion, and
462 does not return to its caller.
464 @arguments are arguments to the final destination of $action. @captures are
465 arguments to the intermediate steps, if any, on the way to the final sub of
470 sub go { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->go( $c, @_ ) }
476 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Response> object, see there for details.
480 Returns a hashref to the stash, which may be used to store data and pass
481 it between components during a request. You can also set hash keys by
482 passing arguments. The stash is automatically sent to the view. The
483 stash is cleared at the end of a request; it cannot be used for
484 persistent storage (for this you must use a session; see
485 L<Catalyst::Plugin::Session> for a complete system integrated with
488 $c->stash->{foo} = $bar;
489 $c->stash( { moose => 'majestic', qux => 0 } );
490 $c->stash( bar => 1, gorch => 2 ); # equivalent to passing a hashref
492 # stash is automatically passed to the view for use in a template
493 $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' );
497 around stash => sub {
500 my $stash = $orig->($c);
502 my $new_stash = @_ > 1 ? {@_} : $_[0];
503 croak('stash takes a hash or hashref') unless ref $new_stash;
504 foreach my $key ( keys %$new_stash ) {
505 $stash->{$key} = $new_stash->{$key};
515 =head2 $c->error($error, ...)
517 =head2 $c->error($arrayref)
519 Returns an arrayref containing error messages. If Catalyst encounters an
520 error while processing a request, it stores the error in $c->error. This
521 method should only be used to store fatal error messages.
523 my @error = @{ $c->error };
527 $c->error('Something bad happened');
534 my $error = ref $_[0] eq 'ARRAY' ? $_[0] : [@_];
535 croak @$error unless ref $c;
536 push @{ $c->{error} }, @$error;
538 elsif ( defined $_[0] ) { $c->{error} = undef }
539 return $c->{error} || [];
545 Contains the return value of the last executed action.
546 Note that << $c->state >> operates in a scalar context which means that all
547 values it returns are scalar.
549 =head2 $c->clear_errors
551 Clear errors. You probably don't want to clear the errors unless you are
552 implementing a custom error screen.
554 This is equivalent to running
565 sub _comp_search_prefixes {
567 return map $c->components->{ $_ }, $c->_comp_names_search_prefixes(@_);
570 # search components given a name and some prefixes
571 sub _comp_names_search_prefixes {
572 my ( $c, $name, @prefixes ) = @_;
573 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
574 my $filter = "^${appclass}::(" . join( '|', @prefixes ) . ')::';
575 $filter = qr/$filter/; # Compile regex now rather than once per loop
577 # map the original component name to the sub part that we will search against
578 my %eligible = map { my $n = $_; $n =~ s{^$appclass\::[^:]+::}{}; $_ => $n; }
579 grep { /$filter/ } keys %{ $c->components };
581 # undef for a name will return all
582 return keys %eligible if !defined $name;
584 my $query = $name->$_isa('Regexp') ? $name : qr/^$name$/i;
585 my @result = grep { $eligible{$_} =~ m{$query} } keys %eligible;
587 return @result if @result;
589 # if we were given a regexp to search against, we're done.
590 return if $name->$_isa('Regexp');
592 # skip regexp fallback if configured
594 if $appclass->config->{disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback};
598 @result = grep { $eligible{ $_ } =~ m{$query} } keys %eligible;
600 # no results? try against full names
602 @result = grep { m{$query} } keys %eligible;
605 # don't warn if we didn't find any results, it just might not exist
607 # Disgusting hack to work out correct method name
608 my $warn_for = lc $prefixes[0];
609 my $msg = "Used regexp fallback for \$c->${warn_for}('${name}'), which found '" .
610 (join '", "', @result) . "'. Relying on regexp fallback behavior for " .
611 "component resolution is unreliable and unsafe.";
612 my $short = $result[0];
613 # remove the component namespace prefix
614 $short =~ s/.*?(Model|Controller|View):://;
615 my $shortmess = Carp::shortmess('');
616 if ($shortmess =~ m#Catalyst/Plugin#) {
617 $msg .= " You probably need to set '$short' instead of '${name}' in this " .
619 } elsif ($shortmess =~ m#Catalyst/lib/(View|Controller)#) {
620 $msg .= " You probably need to set '$short' instead of '${name}' in this " .
621 "component's config";
623 $msg .= " You probably meant \$c->${warn_for}('$short') instead of \$c->${warn_for}('${name}'), " .
624 "but if you really wanted to search, pass in a regexp as the argument " .
625 "like so: \$c->${warn_for}(qr/${name}/)";
627 $c->log->warn( "${msg}$shortmess" );
633 # Find possible names for a prefix
635 my ( $c, @prefixes ) = @_;
636 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
638 my $filter = "^${appclass}::(" . join( '|', @prefixes ) . ')::';
640 my @names = map { s{$filter}{}; $_; }
641 $c->_comp_names_search_prefixes( undef, @prefixes );
646 # Filter a component before returning by calling ACCEPT_CONTEXT if available
647 sub _filter_component {
648 my ( $c, $comp, @args ) = @_;
650 if ( eval { $comp->can('ACCEPT_CONTEXT'); } ) {
651 return $comp->ACCEPT_CONTEXT( $c, @args );
657 =head2 COMPONENT ACCESSORS
659 =head2 $c->controller($name)
661 Gets a L<Catalyst::Controller> instance by name.
663 $c->controller('Foo')->do_stuff;
665 If the name is omitted, will return the controller for the dispatched
668 If you want to search for controllers, pass in a regexp as the argument.
670 # find all controllers that start with Foo
671 my @foo_controllers = $c->controller(qr{^Foo});
677 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
679 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
681 unless ( $name->$_isa('Regexp') ) { # Direct component hash lookup to avoid costly regexps
682 my $comps = $c->components;
683 my $check = $appclass."::Controller::".$name;
684 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{$check}, @args ) if exists $comps->{$check};
686 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Controller C/ );
687 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
688 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
691 return $c->component( $c->action->class );
694 =head2 $c->model($name)
696 Gets a L<Catalyst::Model> instance by name.
698 $c->model('Foo')->do_stuff;
700 Any extra arguments are directly passed to ACCEPT_CONTEXT.
702 If the name is omitted, it will look for
703 - a model object in $c->stash->{current_model_instance}, then
704 - a model name in $c->stash->{current_model}, then
705 - a config setting 'default_model', or
706 - check if there is only one model, and return it if that's the case.
708 If you want to search for models, pass in a regexp as the argument.
710 # find all models that start with Foo
711 my @foo_models = $c->model(qr{^Foo});
716 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
717 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
719 unless ( $name->$_isa('Regexp') ) { # Direct component hash lookup to avoid costly regexps
720 my $comps = $c->components;
721 my $check = $appclass."::Model::".$name;
722 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{$check}, @args ) if exists $comps->{$check};
724 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Model M/ );
725 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
726 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
730 return $c->stash->{current_model_instance}
731 if $c->stash->{current_model_instance};
732 return $c->model( $c->stash->{current_model} )
733 if $c->stash->{current_model};
735 return $c->model( $appclass->config->{default_model} )
736 if $appclass->config->{default_model};
738 my( $comp, $rest ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( undef, qw/Model M/);
741 $c->log->warn( Carp::shortmess('Calling $c->model() will return a random model unless you specify one of:') );
742 $c->log->warn( '* $c->config(default_model => "the name of the default model to use")' );
743 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_model} # the name of the model to use for this request' );
744 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_model_instance} # the instance of the model to use for this request' );
745 $c->log->warn( 'NB: in version 5.81, the "random" behavior will not work at all.' );
748 return $c->_filter_component( $comp );
752 =head2 $c->view($name)
754 Gets a L<Catalyst::View> instance by name.
756 $c->view('Foo')->do_stuff;
758 Any extra arguments are directly passed to ACCEPT_CONTEXT.
760 If the name is omitted, it will look for
761 - a view object in $c->stash->{current_view_instance}, then
762 - a view name in $c->stash->{current_view}, then
763 - a config setting 'default_view', or
764 - check if there is only one view, and return it if that's the case.
766 If you want to search for views, pass in a regexp as the argument.
768 # find all views that start with Foo
769 my @foo_views = $c->view(qr{^Foo});
774 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
776 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
778 unless ( $name->$_isa('Regexp') ) { # Direct component hash lookup to avoid costly regexps
779 my $comps = $c->components;
780 my $check = $appclass."::View::".$name;
781 if( exists $comps->{$check} ) {
782 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{$check}, @args );
785 $c->log->warn( "Attempted to use view '$check', but does not exist" );
788 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/View V/ );
789 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
790 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
794 return $c->stash->{current_view_instance}
795 if $c->stash->{current_view_instance};
796 return $c->view( $c->stash->{current_view} )
797 if $c->stash->{current_view};
799 return $c->view( $appclass->config->{default_view} )
800 if $appclass->config->{default_view};
802 my( $comp, $rest ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( undef, qw/View V/);
805 $c->log->warn( 'Calling $c->view() will return a random view unless you specify one of:' );
806 $c->log->warn( '* $c->config(default_view => "the name of the default view to use")' );
807 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_view} # the name of the view to use for this request' );
808 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_view_instance} # the instance of the view to use for this request' );
809 $c->log->warn( 'NB: in version 5.81, the "random" behavior will not work at all.' );
812 return $c->_filter_component( $comp );
815 =head2 $c->controllers
817 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->controller
823 return $c->_comp_names(qw/Controller C/);
828 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->model
834 return $c->_comp_names(qw/Model M/);
840 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->view
846 return $c->_comp_names(qw/View V/);
849 =head2 $c->comp($name)
851 =head2 $c->component($name)
853 Gets a component object by name. This method is not recommended,
854 unless you want to get a specific component by full
855 class. C<< $c->controller >>, C<< $c->model >>, and C<< $c->view >>
856 should be used instead.
858 If C<$name> is a regexp, a list of components matched against the full
859 component name will be returned.
861 If Catalyst can't find a component by name, it will fallback to regex
862 matching by default. To disable this behaviour set
863 disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback to a true value.
865 __PACKAGE__->config( disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback => 1 );
870 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
873 my $comps = $c->components;
876 # is it the exact name?
877 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{ $name }, @args )
878 if exists $comps->{ $name };
880 # perhaps we just omitted "MyApp"?
881 my $composed = ( ref $c || $c ) . "::${name}";
882 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{ $composed }, @args )
883 if exists $comps->{ $composed };
885 # search all of the models, views and controllers
886 my( $comp ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Model M Controller C View V/ );
887 return $c->_filter_component( $comp, @args ) if $comp;
891 if $c->config->{disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback};
893 # This is here so $c->comp( '::M::' ) works
894 my $query = ref $name ? $name : qr{$name}i;
896 my @result = grep { m{$query} } keys %{ $c->components };
897 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
900 $c->log->warn( Carp::shortmess(qq(Found results for "${name}" using regexp fallback)) );
901 $c->log->warn( 'Relying on the regexp fallback behavior for component resolution' );
902 $c->log->warn( 'is unreliable and unsafe. You have been warned' );
903 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
906 # I would expect to return an empty list here, but that breaks back-compat
910 return sort keys %{ $c->components };
913 =head2 CLASS DATA AND HELPER CLASSES
917 Returns or takes a hashref containing the application's configuration.
919 __PACKAGE__->config( { db => 'dsn:SQLite:foo.db' } );
921 You can also use a C<YAML>, C<XML> or L<Config::General> config file
922 like C<myapp.conf> in your applications home directory. See
923 L<Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader>.
925 =head3 Cascading configuration
927 The config method is present on all Catalyst components, and configuration
928 will be merged when an application is started. Configuration loaded with
929 L<Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader> takes precedence over other configuration,
930 followed by configuration in your top level C<MyApp> class. These two
931 configurations are merged, and then configuration data whose hash key matches a
932 component name is merged with configuration for that component.
934 The configuration for a component is then passed to the C<new> method when a
935 component is constructed.
939 MyApp->config({ 'Model::Foo' => { bar => 'baz', overrides => 'me' } });
940 MyApp::Model::Foo->config({ quux => 'frob', overrides => 'this' });
942 will mean that C<MyApp::Model::Foo> receives the following data when
945 MyApp::Model::Foo->new({
951 It's common practice to use a Moose attribute
952 on the receiving component to access the config value.
954 package MyApp::Model::Foo;
958 # this attr will receive 'baz' at construction time
964 You can then get the value 'baz' by calling $c->model('Foo')->bar
965 (or $self->bar inside code in the model).
967 B<NOTE:> you MUST NOT call C<< $self->config >> or C<< __PACKAGE__->config >>
968 as a way of reading config within your code, as this B<will not> give you the
969 correctly merged config back. You B<MUST> take the config values supplied to
970 the constructor and use those instead.
974 around config => sub {
978 croak('Setting config after setup has been run is not allowed.')
979 if ( @_ and $c->setup_finished );
986 Returns the logging object instance. Unless it is already set, Catalyst
987 sets this up with a L<Catalyst::Log> object. To use your own log class,
988 set the logger with the C<< __PACKAGE__->log >> method prior to calling
989 C<< __PACKAGE__->setup >>.
991 __PACKAGE__->log( MyLogger->new );
996 $c->log->info( 'Now logging with my own logger!' );
998 Your log class should implement the methods described in
1004 Returns 1 if debug mode is enabled, 0 otherwise.
1006 You can enable debug mode in several ways:
1010 =item By calling myapp_server.pl with the -d flag
1012 =item With the environment variables MYAPP_DEBUG, or CATALYST_DEBUG
1014 =item The -Debug option in your MyApp.pm
1016 =item By declaring C<sub debug { 1 }> in your MyApp.pm.
1020 The first three also set the log level to 'debug'.
1022 Calling C<< $c->debug(1) >> has no effect.
1028 =head2 $c->dispatcher
1030 Returns the dispatcher instance. See L<Catalyst::Dispatcher>.
1034 Returns the engine instance. See L<Catalyst::Engine>.
1037 =head2 UTILITY METHODS
1039 =head2 $c->path_to(@path)
1041 Merges C<@path> with C<< $c->config->{home} >> and returns a
1042 L<Path::Class::Dir> object. Note you can usually use this object as
1043 a filename, but sometimes you will have to explicitly stringify it
1044 yourself by calling the C<< ->stringify >> method.
1048 $c->path_to( 'db', 'sqlite.db' );
1053 my ( $c, @path ) = @_;
1054 my $path = Path::Class::Dir->new( $c->config->{home}, @path );
1055 if ( -d $path ) { return $path }
1056 else { return Path::Class::File->new( $c->config->{home}, @path ) }
1060 my ( $class, $name, $plugin, @args ) = @_;
1062 # See block comment in t/unit_core_plugin.t
1063 $class->log->warn(qq/Adding plugin using the ->plugin method is deprecated, and will be removed in a future release/);
1065 $class->_register_plugin( $plugin, 1 );
1067 eval { $plugin->import };
1068 $class->mk_classdata($name);
1070 eval { $obj = $plugin->new(@args) };
1073 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
1074 qq/Couldn't instantiate instant plugin "$plugin", "$@"/ );
1077 $class->$name($obj);
1078 $class->log->debug(qq/Initialized instant plugin "$plugin" as "$name"/)
1084 Initializes the dispatcher and engine, loads any plugins, and loads the
1085 model, view, and controller components. You may also specify an array
1086 of plugins to load here, if you choose to not load them in the C<use
1090 MyApp->setup( qw/-Debug/ );
1092 B<Note:> You B<should not> wrap this method with method modifiers
1093 or bad things will happen - wrap the C<setup_finalize> method instead.
1098 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
1099 croak('Running setup more than once')
1100 if ( $class->setup_finished );
1102 unless ( $class->isa('Catalyst') ) {
1104 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
1105 message => qq/'$class' does not inherit from Catalyst/ );
1108 if ( $class->arguments ) {
1109 @arguments = ( @arguments, @{ $class->arguments } );
1115 foreach (@arguments) {
1119 ( $flags->{log} ) ? 'debug,' . $flags->{log} : 'debug';
1121 elsif (/^-(\w+)=?(.*)$/) {
1122 $flags->{ lc $1 } = $2;
1125 push @{ $flags->{plugins} }, $_;
1129 $class->setup_home( delete $flags->{home} );
1131 $class->setup_log( delete $flags->{log} );
1132 $class->setup_plugins( delete $flags->{plugins} );
1134 # Call plugins setup, this is stupid and evil.
1135 # Also screws C3 badly on 5.10, hack to avoid.
1137 no warnings qw/redefine/;
1138 local *setup = sub { };
1139 $class->setup unless $Catalyst::__AM_RESTARTING;
1142 $class->setup_middleware();
1143 $class->setup_data_handlers();
1144 $class->setup_dispatcher( delete $flags->{dispatcher} );
1145 if (my $engine = delete $flags->{engine}) {
1146 $class->log->warn("Specifying the engine in ->setup is no longer supported, see Catalyst::Upgrading");
1148 $class->setup_engine();
1149 $class->setup_stats( delete $flags->{stats} );
1151 for my $flag ( sort keys %{$flags} ) {
1153 if ( my $code = $class->can( 'setup_' . $flag ) ) {
1154 &$code( $class, delete $flags->{$flag} );
1157 $class->log->warn(qq/Unknown flag "$flag"/);
1161 eval { require Catalyst::Devel; };
1162 if( !$@ && $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} && ( $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} < $Catalyst::Devel::CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN ) ) {
1163 $class->log->warn(<<"EOF");
1164 You are running an old script!
1166 Please update by running (this will overwrite existing files):
1167 catalyst.pl -force -scripts $class
1169 or (this will not overwrite existing files):
1170 catalyst.pl -scripts $class
1175 # Initialize our data structure
1176 $class->components( {} );
1178 $class->setup_components;
1180 if ( $class->debug ) {
1181 my @plugins = map { "$_ " . ( $_->VERSION || '' ) } $class->registered_plugins;
1184 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 6;
1185 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new($column_width);
1186 $t->row($_) for @plugins;
1187 $class->log->debug( "Loaded plugins:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" );
1190 my @middleware = map {
1193 (ref($_) .' '. ($_->can('VERSION') ? $_->VERSION || '' : '')
1194 || '') } $class->registered_middlewares;
1197 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 6;
1198 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new($column_width);
1199 $t->row($_) for @middleware;
1200 $class->log->debug( "Loaded PSGI Middleware:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" );
1203 my %dh = $class->registered_data_handlers;
1204 if (my @data_handlers = keys %dh) {
1205 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 6;
1206 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new($column_width);
1207 $t->row($_) for @data_handlers;
1208 $class->log->debug( "Loaded Request Data Handlers:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" );
1211 my $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher;
1212 my $engine = $class->engine;
1213 my $home = $class->config->{home};
1215 $class->log->debug(sprintf(q/Loaded dispatcher "%s"/, blessed($dispatcher)));
1216 $class->log->debug(sprintf(q/Loaded engine "%s"/, blessed($engine)));
1220 ? $class->log->debug(qq/Found home "$home"/)
1221 : $class->log->debug(qq/Home "$home" doesn't exist/)
1222 : $class->log->debug(q/Couldn't find home/);
1224 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 8 - 9;
1225 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ $column_width, 'Class' ], [ 8, 'Type' ] );
1226 for my $comp ( sort keys %{ $class->components } ) {
1227 my $type = ref $class->components->{$comp} ? 'instance' : 'class';
1228 $t->row( $comp, $type );
1230 $class->log->debug( "Loaded components:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" )
1231 if ( keys %{ $class->components } );
1234 # Add our self to components, since we are also a component
1235 if( $class->isa('Catalyst::Controller') ){
1236 $class->components->{$class} = $class;
1239 $class->setup_actions;
1241 if ( $class->debug ) {
1242 my $name = $class->config->{name} || 'Application';
1243 $class->log->info("$name powered by Catalyst $Catalyst::VERSION");
1246 if ($class->config->{case_sensitive}) {
1247 $class->log->warn($class . "->config->{case_sensitive} is set.");
1248 $class->log->warn("This setting is deprecated and planned to be removed in Catalyst 5.81.");
1251 $class->setup_finalize;
1252 # Should be the last thing we do so that user things hooking
1253 # setup_finalize can log..
1254 $class->log->_flush() if $class->log->can('_flush');
1255 return 1; # Explicit return true as people have __PACKAGE__->setup as the last thing in their class. HATE.
1258 =head2 $app->setup_finalize
1260 A hook to attach modifiers to. This method does not do anything except set the
1261 C<setup_finished> accessor.
1263 Applying method modifiers to the C<setup> method doesn't work, because of quirky things done for plugin setup.
1267 after setup_finalize => sub {
1275 sub setup_finalize {
1277 $class->setup_finished(1);
1280 =head2 $c->uri_for( $path?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1282 =head2 $c->uri_for( $action, \@captures?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1284 Constructs an absolute L<URI> object based on the application root, the
1285 provided path, and the additional arguments and query parameters provided.
1286 When used as a string, provides a textual URI. If you need more flexibility
1287 than this (i.e. the option to provide relative URIs etc.) see
1288 L<Catalyst::Plugin::SmartURI>.
1290 If no arguments are provided, the URI for the current action is returned.
1291 To return the current action and also provide @args, use
1292 C<< $c->uri_for( $c->action, @args ) >>.
1294 If the first argument is a string, it is taken as a public URI path relative
1295 to C<< $c->namespace >> (if it doesn't begin with a forward slash) or
1296 relative to the application root (if it does). It is then merged with
1297 C<< $c->request->base >>; any C<@args> are appended as additional path
1298 components; and any C<%query_values> are appended as C<?foo=bar> parameters.
1300 If the first argument is a L<Catalyst::Action> it represents an action which
1301 will have its path resolved using C<< $c->dispatcher->uri_for_action >>. The
1302 optional C<\@captures> argument (an arrayref) allows passing the captured
1303 variables that are needed to fill in the paths of Chained and Regex actions;
1304 once the path is resolved, C<uri_for> continues as though a path was
1305 provided, appending any arguments or parameters and creating an absolute
1308 The captures for the current request can be found in
1309 C<< $c->request->captures >>, and actions can be resolved using
1310 C<< Catalyst::Controller->action_for($name) >>. If you have a private action
1311 path, use C<< $c->uri_for_action >> instead.
1313 # Equivalent to $c->req->uri
1314 $c->uri_for($c->action, $c->req->captures,
1315 @{ $c->req->args }, $c->req->params);
1317 # For the Foo action in the Bar controller
1318 $c->uri_for($c->controller('Bar')->action_for('Foo'));
1320 # Path to a static resource
1321 $c->uri_for('/static/images/logo.png');
1326 my ( $c, $path, @args ) = @_;
1328 if ( $path->$_isa('Catalyst::Controller') ) {
1329 $path = $path->path_prefix;
1334 undef($path) if (defined $path && $path eq '');
1337 ( scalar @args && ref $args[$#args] eq 'HASH' ? pop @args : {} );
1339 carp "uri_for called with undef argument" if grep { ! defined $_ } @args;
1340 foreach my $arg (@args) {
1341 utf8::encode($arg) if utf8::is_utf8($arg);
1342 $arg =~ s/([^$URI::uric])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1345 if ( $path->$_isa('Catalyst::Action') ) { # action object
1346 s|/|%2F|g for @args;
1347 my $captures = [ map { s|/|%2F|g; $_; }
1348 ( scalar @args && ref $args[0] eq 'ARRAY'
1352 foreach my $capture (@$captures) {
1353 utf8::encode($capture) if utf8::is_utf8($capture);
1354 $capture =~ s/([^$URI::uric])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1358 # ->uri_for( $action, \@captures_and_args, \%query_values? )
1359 if( !@args && $action->number_of_args ) {
1360 my $expanded_action = $c->dispatcher->expand_action( $action );
1362 my $num_captures = $expanded_action->number_of_captures;
1363 unshift @args, splice @$captures, $num_captures;
1366 $path = $c->dispatcher->uri_for_action($action, $captures);
1367 if (not defined $path) {
1368 $c->log->debug(qq/Can't find uri_for action '$action' @$captures/)
1372 $path = '/' if $path eq '';
1375 unshift(@args, $path);
1377 unless (defined $path && $path =~ s!^/!!) { # in-place strip
1378 my $namespace = $c->namespace;
1379 if (defined $path) { # cheesy hack to handle path '../foo'
1380 $namespace =~ s{(?:^|/)[^/]+$}{} while $args[0] =~ s{^\.\./}{};
1382 unshift(@args, $namespace || '');
1385 # join args with '/', or a blank string
1386 my $args = join('/', grep { defined($_) } @args);
1387 $args =~ s/\?/%3F/g; # STUPID STUPID SPECIAL CASE
1390 my ($base, $class) = ('/', 'URI::_generic');
1392 $base = $c->req->base;
1393 $class = ref($base);
1394 $base =~ s{(?<!/)$}{/};
1399 if (my @keys = keys %$params) {
1400 # somewhat lifted from URI::_query's query_form
1401 $query = '?'.join('&', map {
1402 my $val = $params->{$_};
1403 s/([;\/?:@&=+,\$\[\]%])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1406 $val = '' unless defined $val;
1409 utf8::encode( $param ) if utf8::is_utf8($param);
1410 # using the URI::Escape pattern here so utf8 chars survive
1411 $param =~ s/([^A-Za-z0-9\-_.!~*'() ])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1413 "${key}=$param"; } ( ref $val eq 'ARRAY' ? @$val : $val ));
1417 my $res = bless(\"${base}${args}${query}", $class);
1421 =head2 $c->uri_for_action( $path, \@captures_and_args?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1423 =head2 $c->uri_for_action( $action, \@captures_and_args?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1429 A private path to the Catalyst action you want to create a URI for.
1431 This is a shortcut for calling C<< $c->dispatcher->get_action_by_path($path)
1432 >> and passing the resulting C<$action> and the remaining arguments to C<<
1435 You can also pass in a Catalyst::Action object, in which case it is passed to
1438 Note that although the path looks like a URI that dispatches to the wanted action, it is not a URI, but an internal path to that action.
1440 For example, if the action looks like:
1442 package MyApp::Controller::Users;
1444 sub lst : Path('the-list') {}
1448 $c->uri_for_action('/users/lst')
1450 and it will create the URI /users/the-list.
1452 =item \@captures_and_args?
1454 Optional array reference of Captures (i.e. C<<CaptureArgs or $c->req->captures>)
1455 and arguments to the request. Usually used with L<Catalyst::DispatchType::Chained>
1456 to interpolate all the parameters in the URI.
1460 Optional list of extra arguments - can be supplied in the
1461 C<< \@captures_and_args? >> array ref, or here - whichever is easier for your
1464 Your action can have zero, a fixed or a variable number of args (e.g.
1465 C<< Args(1) >> for a fixed number or C<< Args() >> for a variable number)..
1467 =item \%query_values?
1469 Optional array reference of query parameters to append. E.g.
1475 /rest/of/your/uri?foo=bar
1481 sub uri_for_action {
1482 my ( $c, $path, @args ) = @_;
1483 my $action = blessed($path)
1485 : $c->dispatcher->get_action_by_path($path);
1486 unless (defined $action) {
1487 croak "Can't find action for path '$path'";
1489 return $c->uri_for( $action, @args );
1492 =head2 $c->welcome_message
1494 Returns the Catalyst welcome HTML page.
1498 sub welcome_message {
1500 my $name = $c->config->{name};
1501 my $logo = $c->uri_for('/static/images/catalyst_logo.png');
1502 my $prefix = Catalyst::Utils::appprefix( ref $c );
1503 $c->response->content_type('text/html; charset=utf-8');
1505 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
1506 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
1507 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
1509 <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en" />
1510 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
1511 <title>$name on Catalyst $VERSION</title>
1512 <style type="text/css">
1515 background-color: #eee;
1522 margin-bottom: 10px;
1524 background-color: #ccc;
1525 border: 1px solid #aaa;
1530 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
1533 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
1536 text-decoration: none;
1538 border-bottom: 1px dotted #bbb;
1540 :link:hover, :visited:hover {
1553 background-color: #fff;
1554 border: 1px solid #aaa;
1558 font-weight: normal;
1580 <h1><span id="appname">$name</span> on <a href="http://catalyst.perl.org">Catalyst</a>
1585 <img src="$logo" alt="Catalyst Logo" />
1587 <p>Welcome to the world of Catalyst.
1588 This <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MVC">MVC</a>
1589 framework will make web development something you had
1590 never expected it to be: Fun, rewarding, and quick.</p>
1591 <h2>What to do now?</h2>
1592 <p>That really depends on what <b>you</b> want to do.
1593 We do, however, provide you with a few starting points.</p>
1594 <p>If you want to jump right into web development with Catalyst
1595 you might want to start with a tutorial.</p>
1596 <pre>perldoc <a href="https://metacpan.org/module/Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial">Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial</a></code>
1598 <p>Afterwards you can go on to check out a more complete look at our features.</p>
1600 <code>perldoc <a href="https://metacpan.org/module/Catalyst::Manual::Intro">Catalyst::Manual::Intro</a>
1601 <!-- Something else should go here, but the Catalyst::Manual link seems unhelpful -->
1603 <h2>What to do next?</h2>
1604 <p>Next it's time to write an actual application. Use the
1605 helper scripts to generate <a href="https://metacpan.org/search?q=Catalyst%3A%3AController">controllers</a>,
1606 <a href="https://metacpan.org/search?q=Catalyst%3A%3AModel">models</a>, and
1607 <a href="https://metacpan.org/search?q=Catalyst%3A%3AView">views</a>;
1608 they can save you a lot of work.</p>
1609 <pre><code>script/${prefix}_create.pl --help</code></pre>
1610 <p>Also, be sure to check out the vast and growing
1611 collection of <a href="http://search.cpan.org/search?query=Catalyst">plugins for Catalyst on CPAN</a>;
1612 you are likely to find what you need there.
1616 <p>Catalyst has a very active community. Here are the main places to
1617 get in touch with us.</p>
1620 <a href="http://dev.catalyst.perl.org">Wiki</a>
1623 <a href="http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst">Mailing-List</a>
1626 <a href="irc://irc.perl.org/catalyst">IRC channel #catalyst on irc.perl.org</a>
1629 <h2>In conclusion</h2>
1630 <p>The Catalyst team hopes you will enjoy using Catalyst as much
1631 as we enjoyed making it. Please contact us if you have ideas
1632 for improvement or other feedback.</p>
1642 Contains a hash of options passed from the application script, including
1643 the original ARGV the script received, the processed values from that
1644 ARGV and any extra arguments to the script which were not processed.
1646 This can be used to add custom options to your application's scripts
1647 and setup your application differently depending on the values of these
1650 =head1 INTERNAL METHODS
1652 These methods are not meant to be used by end users.
1654 =head2 $c->components
1656 Returns a hash of components.
1658 =head2 $c->context_class
1660 Returns or sets the context class.
1664 Returns a hashref containing coderefs and execution counts (needed for
1665 deep recursion detection).
1669 Returns the number of actions on the current internal execution stack.
1673 Dispatches a request to actions.
1677 sub dispatch { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->dispatch( $c, @_ ) }
1679 =head2 $c->dispatcher_class
1681 Returns or sets the dispatcher class.
1683 =head2 $c->dump_these
1685 Returns a list of 2-element array references (name, structure) pairs
1686 that will be dumped on the error page in debug mode.
1692 [ Request => $c->req ],
1693 [ Response => $c->res ],
1694 [ Stash => $c->stash ],
1695 [ Config => $c->config ];
1698 =head2 $c->engine_class
1700 Returns or sets the engine class.
1702 =head2 $c->execute( $class, $coderef )
1704 Execute a coderef in given class and catch exceptions. Errors are available
1710 my ( $c, $class, $code ) = @_;
1711 $class = $c->component($class) || $class;
1714 if ( $c->depth >= $RECURSION ) {
1715 my $action = $code->reverse();
1716 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /->/;
1717 my $error = qq/Deep recursion detected calling "${action}"/;
1718 $c->log->error($error);
1724 my $stats_info = $c->_stats_start_execute( $code ) if $c->use_stats;
1726 push( @{ $c->stack }, $code );
1728 no warnings 'recursion';
1729 # N.B. This used to be combined, but I have seen $c get clobbered if so, and
1730 # I have no idea how, ergo $ret (which appears to fix the issue)
1731 eval { my $ret = $code->execute( $class, $c, @{ $c->req->args } ) || 0; $c->state( $ret ) };
1733 $c->_stats_finish_execute( $stats_info ) if $c->use_stats and $stats_info;
1735 my $last = pop( @{ $c->stack } );
1737 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1738 if ( blessed($error) and $error->isa('Catalyst::Exception::Detach') ) {
1739 $error->rethrow if $c->depth > 1;
1741 elsif ( blessed($error) and $error->isa('Catalyst::Exception::Go') ) {
1742 $error->rethrow if $c->depth > 0;
1745 unless ( ref $error ) {
1746 no warnings 'uninitialized';
1748 my $class = $last->class;
1749 my $name = $last->name;
1750 $error = qq/Caught exception in $class->$name "$error"/;
1759 sub _stats_start_execute {
1760 my ( $c, $code ) = @_;
1761 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
1762 return if ( ( $code->name =~ /^_.*/ )
1763 && ( !$appclass->config->{show_internal_actions} ) );
1765 my $action_name = $code->reverse();
1766 $c->counter->{$action_name}++;
1768 my $action = $action_name;
1769 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /->/;
1771 # determine if the call was the result of a forward
1772 # this is done by walking up the call stack and looking for a calling
1773 # sub of Catalyst::forward before the eval
1775 for my $index ( 2 .. 11 ) {
1777 if ( ( caller($index) )[0] eq 'Catalyst'
1778 && ( caller($index) )[3] eq '(eval)' );
1780 if ( ( caller($index) )[3] =~ /forward$/ ) {
1781 $callsub = ( caller($index) )[3];
1782 $action = "-> $action";
1787 my $uid = $action_name . $c->counter->{$action_name};
1789 # is this a root-level call or a forwarded call?
1790 if ( $callsub =~ /forward$/ ) {
1791 my $parent = $c->stack->[-1];
1793 # forward, locate the caller
1794 if ( defined $parent && exists $c->counter->{"$parent"} ) {
1797 parent => "$parent" . $c->counter->{"$parent"},
1803 # forward with no caller may come from a plugin
1822 sub _stats_finish_execute {
1823 my ( $c, $info ) = @_;
1824 $c->stats->profile( end => $info );
1829 Finalizes the request.
1836 for my $error ( @{ $c->error } ) {
1837 $c->log->error($error);
1840 # Support skipping finalize for psgix.io style 'jailbreak'. Used to support
1841 # stuff like cometd and websockets
1843 if($c->request->_has_io_fh) {
1848 # Allow engine to handle finalize flow (for POE)
1849 my $engine = $c->engine;
1850 if ( my $code = $engine->can('finalize') ) {
1855 $c->finalize_uploads;
1858 if ( $#{ $c->error } >= 0 ) {
1862 $c->finalize_headers unless $c->response->finalized_headers;
1869 if ($c->use_stats) {
1870 my $elapsed = $c->stats->elapsed;
1871 my $av = $elapsed == 0 ? '??' : sprintf '%.3f', 1 / $elapsed;
1873 "Request took ${elapsed}s ($av/s)\n" . $c->stats->report . "\n" );
1876 return $c->response->status;
1879 =head2 $c->finalize_body
1885 sub finalize_body { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_body( $c, @_ ) }
1887 =head2 $c->finalize_cookies
1893 sub finalize_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_cookies( $c, @_ ) }
1895 =head2 $c->finalize_error
1901 sub finalize_error {
1903 if($#{$c->error} > 0) {
1904 $c->engine->finalize_error( $c, @_ );
1906 my ($error) = @{$c->error};
1909 ($error->can('as_psgi') || $error->can('code'))
1911 # In the case where the error 'knows what it wants', becauses its PSGI
1912 # aware, just rethow and let middleware catch it
1913 $error->can('rethrow') ? $error->rethrow : croak $error;
1916 $c->engine->finalize_error( $c, @_ )
1921 =head2 $c->finalize_headers
1927 sub finalize_headers {
1930 my $response = $c->response; #accessor calls can add up?
1932 # Check if we already finalized headers
1933 return if $response->finalized_headers;
1936 if ( my $location = $response->redirect ) {
1937 $c->log->debug(qq/Redirecting to "$location"/) if $c->debug;
1938 $response->header( Location => $location );
1941 # Remove incorrectly added body and content related meta data when returning
1942 # an information response, or a response the is required to not include a body
1944 if ( $response->status =~ /^(1\d\d|[23]04)$/ ) {
1945 if($response->has_body) {
1946 $c->log->debug('Removing body for informational or no content http responses');
1947 $response->body('');
1948 $response->headers->remove_header("Content-Length");
1952 $c->finalize_cookies;
1954 $c->response->finalize_headers();
1957 $response->finalized_headers(1);
1960 =head2 $c->finalize_output
1962 An alias for finalize_body.
1964 =head2 $c->finalize_read
1966 Finalizes the input after reading is complete.
1970 sub finalize_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_read( $c, @_ ) }
1972 =head2 $c->finalize_uploads
1974 Finalizes uploads. Cleans up any temporary files.
1978 sub finalize_uploads { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_uploads( $c, @_ ) }
1980 =head2 $c->get_action( $action, $namespace )
1982 Gets an action in a given namespace.
1986 sub get_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_action(@_) }
1988 =head2 $c->get_actions( $action, $namespace )
1990 Gets all actions of a given name in a namespace and all parent
1995 sub get_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_actions( $c, @_ ) }
1997 =head2 $app->handle_request( @arguments )
1999 Called to handle each HTTP request.
2003 sub handle_request {
2004 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
2006 # Always expect worst case!
2009 if ($class->debug) {
2010 my $secs = time - $START || 1;
2011 my $av = sprintf '%.3f', $COUNT / $secs;
2012 my $time = localtime time;
2013 $class->log->info("*** Request $COUNT ($av/s) [$$] [$time] ***");
2016 my $c = $class->prepare(@arguments);
2018 $status = $c->finalize;
2020 chomp(my $error = $_);
2021 $class->log->error(qq/Caught exception in engine "$error"/);
2022 #rethow if this can be handled by middleware
2023 if(blessed $error && ($error->can('as_psgi') || $error->can('code'))) {
2024 $error->can('rethrow') ? $error->rethrow : croak $error;
2030 if(my $coderef = $class->log->can('_flush')){
2031 $class->log->$coderef();
2036 =head2 $class->prepare( @arguments )
2038 Creates a Catalyst context from an engine-specific request (Apache, CGI,
2045 predicate => '_has_uploadtmp',
2049 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
2052 # After the app/ctxt split, this should become an attribute based on something passed
2053 # into the application.
2054 $class->context_class( ref $class || $class ) unless $class->context_class;
2056 my $uploadtmp = $class->config->{uploadtmp};
2057 my $c = $class->context_class->new({ $uploadtmp ? (_uploadtmp => $uploadtmp) : ()});
2059 $c->response->_context($c);
2061 #surely this is not the most efficient way to do things...
2062 $c->stats($class->stats_class->new)->enable($c->use_stats);
2063 if ( $c->debug || $c->config->{enable_catalyst_header} ) {
2064 $c->res->headers->header( 'X-Catalyst' => $Catalyst::VERSION );
2068 # Allow engine to direct the prepare flow (for POE)
2069 if ( my $prepare = $c->engine->can('prepare') ) {
2070 $c->engine->$prepare( $c, @arguments );
2073 $c->prepare_request(@arguments);
2074 $c->prepare_connection;
2075 $c->prepare_query_parameters;
2076 $c->prepare_headers; # Just hooks, no longer needed - they just
2077 $c->prepare_cookies; # cause the lazy attribute on req to build
2080 # Prepare the body for reading, either by prepare_body
2081 # or the user, if they are using $c->read
2084 # Parse the body unless the user wants it on-demand
2085 unless ( ref($c)->config->{parse_on_demand} ) {
2091 # VERY ugly and probably shouldn't rely on ->finalize actually working
2093 # failed prepare is always due to an invalid request, right?
2094 $c->response->status(400);
2095 $c->response->content_type('text/plain');
2096 $c->response->body('Bad Request');
2097 # Note we call finalize and then die here, which escapes
2098 # finalize being called in the enclosing block..
2099 # It in fact couldn't be called, as we don't return $c..
2100 # This is a mess - but I'm unsure you can fix this without
2101 # breaking compat for people doing crazy things (we should set
2102 # the 400 and just return the ctx here IMO, letting finalize get called
2113 =head2 $c->prepare_action
2115 Prepares action. See L<Catalyst::Dispatcher>.
2119 sub prepare_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->prepare_action( $c, @_ ) }
2121 =head2 $c->prepare_body
2123 Prepares message body.
2130 return if $c->request->_has_body;
2132 # Initialize on-demand data
2133 $c->engine->prepare_body( $c, @_ );
2134 $c->prepare_parameters;
2135 $c->prepare_uploads;
2138 =head2 $c->prepare_body_chunk( $chunk )
2140 Prepares a chunk of data before sending it to L<HTTP::Body>.
2142 See L<Catalyst::Engine>.
2146 sub prepare_body_chunk {
2148 $c->engine->prepare_body_chunk( $c, @_ );
2151 =head2 $c->prepare_body_parameters
2153 Prepares body parameters.
2157 sub prepare_body_parameters {
2159 $c->engine->prepare_body_parameters( $c, @_ );
2162 =head2 $c->prepare_connection
2164 Prepares connection.
2168 sub prepare_connection {
2170 # XXX - This is called on the engine (not the request) to maintain
2171 # Engine::PSGI back compat.
2172 $c->engine->prepare_connection($c);
2175 =head2 $c->prepare_cookies
2177 Prepares cookies by ensuring that the attribute on the request
2178 object has been built.
2182 sub prepare_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->request->cookies }
2184 =head2 $c->prepare_headers
2186 Prepares request headers by ensuring that the attribute on the request
2187 object has been built.
2191 sub prepare_headers { my $c = shift; $c->request->headers }
2193 =head2 $c->prepare_parameters
2195 Prepares parameters.
2199 sub prepare_parameters {
2201 $c->prepare_body_parameters;
2202 $c->engine->prepare_parameters( $c, @_ );
2205 =head2 $c->prepare_path
2207 Prepares path and base.
2211 sub prepare_path { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_path( $c, @_ ) }
2213 =head2 $c->prepare_query_parameters
2215 Prepares query parameters.
2219 sub prepare_query_parameters {
2222 $c->engine->prepare_query_parameters( $c, @_ );
2225 =head2 $c->log_request
2227 Writes information about the request to the debug logs. This includes:
2231 =item * Request method, path, and remote IP address
2233 =item * Query keywords (see L<Catalyst::Request/query_keywords>)
2235 =item * Request parameters
2237 =item * File uploads
2246 return unless $c->debug;
2248 my($dump) = grep {$_->[0] eq 'Request' } $c->dump_these;
2249 my $request = $dump->[1];
2251 my ( $method, $path, $address ) = ( $request->method, $request->path, $request->address );
2253 $path = '/' unless length $path;
2255 $c->log->debug(qq/"$method" request for "$path" from "$address"/);
2257 $c->log_request_headers($request->headers);
2259 if ( my $keywords = $request->query_keywords ) {
2260 $c->log->debug("Query keywords are: $keywords");
2263 $c->log_request_parameters( query => $request->query_parameters, $request->_has_body ? (body => $request->body_parameters) : () );
2265 $c->log_request_uploads($request);
2268 =head2 $c->log_response
2270 Writes information about the response to the debug logs by calling
2271 C<< $c->log_response_status_line >> and C<< $c->log_response_headers >>.
2278 return unless $c->debug;
2280 my($dump) = grep {$_->[0] eq 'Response' } $c->dump_these;
2281 my $response = $dump->[1];
2283 $c->log_response_status_line($response);
2284 $c->log_response_headers($response->headers);
2287 =head2 $c->log_response_status_line($response)
2289 Writes one line of information about the response to the debug logs. This includes:
2293 =item * Response status code
2295 =item * Content-Type header (if present)
2297 =item * Content-Length header (if present)
2303 sub log_response_status_line {
2304 my ($c, $response) = @_;
2308 'Response Code: %s; Content-Type: %s; Content-Length: %s',
2309 $response->status || 'unknown',
2310 $response->headers->header('Content-Type') || 'unknown',
2311 $response->headers->header('Content-Length') || 'unknown'
2316 =head2 $c->log_response_headers($headers);
2318 Hook method which can be wrapped by plugins to log the response headers.
2319 No-op in the default implementation.
2323 sub log_response_headers {}
2325 =head2 $c->log_request_parameters( query => {}, body => {} )
2327 Logs request parameters to debug logs
2331 sub log_request_parameters {
2333 my %all_params = @_;
2335 return unless $c->debug;
2337 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 44;
2338 foreach my $type (qw(query body)) {
2339 my $params = $all_params{$type};
2340 next if ! keys %$params;
2341 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 35, 'Parameter' ], [ $column_width, 'Value' ] );
2342 for my $key ( sort keys %$params ) {
2343 my $param = $params->{$key};
2344 my $value = defined($param) ? $param : '';
2345 $t->row( $key, ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ? ( join ', ', @$value ) : $value );
2347 $c->log->debug( ucfirst($type) . " Parameters are:\n" . $t->draw );
2351 =head2 $c->log_request_uploads
2353 Logs file uploads included in the request to the debug logs.
2354 The parameter name, filename, file type, and file size are all included in
2359 sub log_request_uploads {
2361 my $request = shift;
2362 return unless $c->debug;
2363 my $uploads = $request->uploads;
2364 if ( keys %$uploads ) {
2365 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new(
2366 [ 12, 'Parameter' ],
2371 for my $key ( sort keys %$uploads ) {
2372 my $upload = $uploads->{$key};
2373 for my $u ( ref $upload eq 'ARRAY' ? @{$upload} : ($upload) ) {
2374 $t->row( $key, $u->filename, $u->type, $u->size );
2377 $c->log->debug( "File Uploads are:\n" . $t->draw );
2381 =head2 $c->log_request_headers($headers);
2383 Hook method which can be wrapped by plugins to log the request headers.
2384 No-op in the default implementation.
2388 sub log_request_headers {}
2390 =head2 $c->log_headers($type => $headers)
2392 Logs L<HTTP::Headers> (either request or response) to the debug logs.
2399 my $headers = shift; # an HTTP::Headers instance
2401 return unless $c->debug;
2403 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 28;
2404 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 15, 'Header Name' ], [ $column_width, 'Value' ] );
2407 my ( $name, $value ) = @_;
2408 $t->row( $name, $value );
2411 $c->log->debug( ucfirst($type) . " Headers:\n" . $t->draw );
2415 =head2 $c->prepare_read
2417 Prepares the input for reading.
2421 sub prepare_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_read( $c, @_ ) }
2423 =head2 $c->prepare_request
2425 Prepares the engine request.
2429 sub prepare_request { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_request( $c, @_ ) }
2431 =head2 $c->prepare_uploads
2437 sub prepare_uploads {
2440 $c->engine->prepare_uploads( $c, @_ );
2443 =head2 $c->prepare_write
2445 Prepares the output for writing.
2449 sub prepare_write { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_write( $c, @_ ) }
2451 =head2 $c->request_class
2453 Returns or sets the request class. Defaults to L<Catalyst::Request>.
2455 =head2 $c->response_class
2457 Returns or sets the response class. Defaults to L<Catalyst::Response>.
2459 =head2 $c->read( [$maxlength] )
2461 Reads a chunk of data from the request body. This method is designed to
2462 be used in a while loop, reading C<$maxlength> bytes on every call.
2463 C<$maxlength> defaults to the size of the request if not specified.
2465 You have to set C<< MyApp->config(parse_on_demand => 1) >> to use this
2468 Warning: If you use read(), Catalyst will not process the body,
2469 so you will not be able to access POST parameters or file uploads via
2470 $c->request. You must handle all body parsing yourself.
2474 sub read { my $c = shift; return $c->request->read( @_ ) }
2484 $app->_make_immutable_if_needed;
2485 $app->engine_loader->needs_psgi_engine_compat_hack ?
2486 $app->engine->run($app, @_) :
2487 $app->engine->run( $app, $app->_finalized_psgi_app, @_ );
2490 sub _make_immutable_if_needed {
2492 my $meta = find_meta($class);
2493 my $isa_ca = $class->isa('Class::Accessor::Fast') || $class->isa('Class::Accessor');
2496 && ! { $meta->immutable_options }->{replace_constructor}
2499 warn("You made your application class ($class) immutable, "
2500 . "but did not inline the\nconstructor. "
2501 . "This will break catalyst, as your app \@ISA "
2502 . "Class::Accessor(::Fast)?\nPlease pass "
2503 . "(replace_constructor => 1)\nwhen making your class immutable.\n");
2505 unless ($meta->is_immutable) {
2506 # XXX - FIXME warning here as you should make your app immutable yourself.
2507 $meta->make_immutable(
2508 replace_constructor => 1,
2513 =head2 $c->set_action( $action, $code, $namespace, $attrs )
2515 Sets an action in a given namespace.
2519 sub set_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->set_action( $c, @_ ) }
2521 =head2 $c->setup_actions($component)
2523 Sets up actions for a component.
2527 sub setup_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->setup_actions( $c, @_ ) }
2529 =head2 $c->setup_components
2531 This method is called internally to set up the application's components.
2533 It finds modules by calling the L<locate_components> method, expands them to
2534 package names with the L<expand_component_module> method, and then installs
2535 each component into the application.
2537 The C<setup_components> config option is passed to both of the above methods.
2539 Installation of each component is performed by the L<setup_component> method,
2544 sub setup_components {
2547 my $config = $class->config->{ setup_components };
2549 my @comps = $class->locate_components($config);
2550 my %comps = map { $_ => 1 } @comps;
2552 my $deprecatedcatalyst_component_names = grep { /::[CMV]::/ } @comps;
2553 $class->log->warn(qq{Your application is using the deprecated ::[MVC]:: type naming scheme.\n}.
2554 qq{Please switch your class names to ::Model::, ::View:: and ::Controller: as appropriate.\n}
2555 ) if $deprecatedcatalyst_component_names;
2557 for my $component ( @comps ) {
2559 # We pass ignore_loaded here so that overlay files for (e.g.)
2560 # Model::DBI::Schema sub-classes are loaded - if it's in @comps
2561 # we know M::P::O found a file on disk so this is safe
2563 Catalyst::Utils::ensure_class_loaded( $component, { ignore_loaded => 1 } );
2566 for my $component (@comps) {
2567 my $instance = $class->components->{ $component } = $class->setup_component($component);
2568 my @expanded_components = $instance->can('expand_modules')
2569 ? $instance->expand_modules( $component, $config )
2570 : $class->expand_component_module( $component, $config );
2571 for my $component (@expanded_components) {
2572 next if $comps{$component};
2573 $class->components->{ $component } = $class->setup_component($component);
2578 =head2 $c->locate_components( $setup_component_config )
2580 This method is meant to provide a list of component modules that should be
2581 setup for the application. By default, it will use L<Module::Pluggable>.
2583 Specify a C<setup_components> config option to pass additional options directly
2584 to L<Module::Pluggable>. To add additional search paths, specify a key named
2585 C<search_extra> as an array reference. Items in the array beginning with C<::>
2586 will have the application class name prepended to them.
2590 sub locate_components {
2594 my @paths = qw( ::Controller ::C ::Model ::M ::View ::V );
2595 my $extra = delete $config->{ search_extra } || [];
2597 push @paths, @$extra;
2599 my $locator = Module::Pluggable::Object->new(
2600 search_path => [ map { s/^(?=::)/$class/; $_; } @paths ],
2604 # XXX think about ditching this sort entirely
2605 my @comps = sort { length $a <=> length $b } $locator->plugins;
2610 =head2 $c->expand_component_module( $component, $setup_component_config )
2612 Components found by C<locate_components> will be passed to this method, which
2613 is expected to return a list of component (package) names to be set up.
2617 sub expand_component_module {
2618 my ($class, $module) = @_;
2619 return Devel::InnerPackage::list_packages( $module );
2622 =head2 $c->setup_component
2626 sub setup_component {
2627 my( $class, $component ) = @_;
2629 unless ( $component->can( 'COMPONENT' ) ) {
2633 my $suffix = Catalyst::Utils::class2classsuffix( $component );
2634 my $config = $class->config->{ $suffix } || {};
2635 # Stash catalyst_component_name in the config here, so that custom COMPONENT
2636 # methods also pass it. local to avoid pointlessly shitting in config
2637 # for the debug screen, as $component is already the key name.
2638 local $config->{catalyst_component_name} = $component;
2640 my $instance = eval { $component->COMPONENT( $class, $config ); };
2642 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
2644 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
2645 message => qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", "$error"/
2649 unless (blessed $instance) {
2650 my $metaclass = Moose::Util::find_meta($component);
2651 my $method_meta = $metaclass->find_method_by_name('COMPONENT');
2652 my $component_method_from = $method_meta->associated_metaclass->name;
2653 my $value = defined($instance) ? $instance : 'undef';
2654 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
2656 qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", COMPONENT() method (from $component_method_from) didn't return an object-like value (value was $value)./
2662 =head2 $c->setup_dispatcher
2668 sub setup_dispatcher {
2669 my ( $class, $dispatcher ) = @_;
2672 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $dispatcher;
2675 if ( my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'DISPATCHER' ) ) {
2676 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $env;
2679 unless ($dispatcher) {
2680 $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher_class;
2683 load_class($dispatcher);
2685 # dispatcher instance
2686 $class->dispatcher( $dispatcher->new );
2689 =head2 $c->setup_engine
2696 my ($class, $requested_engine) = @_;
2698 if (!$class->engine_loader || $requested_engine) {
2699 $class->engine_loader(
2700 Catalyst::EngineLoader->new({
2701 application_name => $class,
2702 (defined $requested_engine
2703 ? (catalyst_engine_class => $requested_engine) : ()),
2708 $class->engine_loader->catalyst_engine_class;
2712 my ($class, $requested_engine) = @_;
2715 my $loader = $class->engine_loader;
2717 if (!$loader || $requested_engine) {
2718 $loader = Catalyst::EngineLoader->new({
2719 application_name => $class,
2720 (defined $requested_engine
2721 ? (requested_engine => $requested_engine) : ()),
2724 $class->engine_loader($loader);
2727 $loader->catalyst_engine_class;
2730 # Don't really setup_engine -- see _setup_psgi_app for explanation.
2731 return if $class->loading_psgi_file;
2733 load_class($engine);
2735 if ($ENV{MOD_PERL}) {
2736 my $apache = $class->engine_loader->auto;
2738 my $meta = find_meta($class);
2739 my $was_immutable = $meta->is_immutable;
2740 my %immutable_options = $meta->immutable_options;
2741 $meta->make_mutable if $was_immutable;
2743 $meta->add_method(handler => sub {
2745 my $psgi_app = $class->_finalized_psgi_app;
2746 $apache->call_app($r, $psgi_app);
2749 $meta->make_immutable(%immutable_options) if $was_immutable;
2752 $class->engine( $engine->new );
2757 ## This exists just to supply a prebuild psgi app for mod_perl and for the
2758 ## build in server support (back compat support for pre psgi port behavior).
2759 ## This is so that we don't build a new psgi app for each request when using
2760 ## the mod_perl handler or the built in servers (http and fcgi, etc).
2762 sub _finalized_psgi_app {
2765 unless ($app->_psgi_app) {
2766 my $psgi_app = $app->_setup_psgi_app;
2767 $app->_psgi_app($psgi_app);
2770 return $app->_psgi_app;
2773 ## Look for a psgi file like 'myapp_web.psgi' (if the app is MyApp::Web) in the
2774 ## home directory and load that and return it (just assume it is doing the
2775 ## right thing :) ). If that does not exist, call $app->psgi_app, wrap that
2776 ## in default_middleware and return it ( this is for backward compatibility
2777 ## with pre psgi port behavior ).
2779 sub _setup_psgi_app {
2782 for my $home (Path::Class::Dir->new($app->config->{home})) {
2783 my $psgi_file = $home->file(
2784 Catalyst::Utils::appprefix($app) . '.psgi',
2787 next unless -e $psgi_file;
2789 # If $psgi_file calls ->setup_engine, it's doing so to load
2790 # Catalyst::Engine::PSGI. But if it does that, we're only going to
2791 # throw away the loaded PSGI-app and load the 5.9 Catalyst::Engine
2792 # anyway. So set a flag (ick) that tells setup_engine not to populate
2793 # $c->engine or do any other things we might regret.
2795 $app->loading_psgi_file(1);
2796 my $psgi_app = Plack::Util::load_psgi($psgi_file);
2797 $app->loading_psgi_file(0);
2800 unless $app->engine_loader->needs_psgi_engine_compat_hack;
2803 Found a legacy Catalyst::Engine::PSGI .psgi file at ${psgi_file}.
2805 Its content has been ignored. Please consult the Catalyst::Upgrading
2806 documentation on how to upgrade from Catalyst::Engine::PSGI.
2810 return $app->apply_default_middlewares($app->psgi_app);
2813 =head2 $c->apply_default_middlewares
2815 Adds the following L<Plack> middlewares to your application, since they are
2816 useful and commonly needed:
2818 L<Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy>, (conditionally added based on the status
2819 of your $ENV{REMOTE_ADDR}, and can be forced on with C<using_frontend_proxy>
2820 or forced off with C<ignore_frontend_proxy>), L<Plack::Middleware::LighttpdScriptNameFix>
2821 (if you are using Lighttpd), L<Plack::Middleware::IIS6ScriptNameFix> (always
2822 applied since this middleware is smart enough to conditionally apply itself).
2824 Additionally if we detect we are using Nginx, we add a bit of custom middleware
2825 to solve some problems with the way that server handles $ENV{PATH_INFO} and
2831 sub apply_default_middlewares {
2832 my ($app, $psgi_app) = @_;
2834 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::Conditional->wrap(
2836 builder => sub { Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy->wrap($_[0]) },
2839 return if $app->config->{ignore_frontend_proxy};
2840 return $env->{REMOTE_ADDR} eq '127.0.0.1'
2841 || $app->config->{using_frontend_proxy};
2845 # If we're running under Lighttpd, swap PATH_INFO and SCRIPT_NAME
2846 # http://lists.scsys.co.uk/pipermail/catalyst/2006-June/008361.html
2847 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::Conditional->wrap(
2849 builder => sub { Plack::Middleware::LighttpdScriptNameFix->wrap($_[0]) },
2852 return unless $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} && $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} =~ m!lighttpd[-/]1\.(\d+\.\d+)!;
2853 return unless $1 < 4.23;
2858 # we're applying this unconditionally as the middleware itself already makes
2859 # sure it doesn't fuck things up if it's not running under one of the right
2861 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::IIS6ScriptNameFix->wrap($psgi_app);
2863 # And another IIS issue, this time with IIS7.
2864 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::Conditional->wrap(
2866 builder => sub { Plack::Middleware::IIS7KeepAliveFix->wrap($_[0]) },
2869 return $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} && $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} =~ m!IIS/7\.[0-9]!;
2878 Returns a PSGI application code reference for the catalyst application
2879 C<$c>. This is the bare application without any middlewares
2880 applied. C<${myapp}.psgi> is not taken into account.
2882 This is what you want to be using to retrieve the PSGI application code
2883 reference of your Catalyst application for use in F<.psgi> files.
2889 my $psgi = $app->engine->build_psgi_app($app);
2890 return $app->Catalyst::Utils::apply_registered_middleware($psgi);
2893 =head2 $c->setup_home
2895 Sets up the home directory.
2900 my ( $class, $home ) = @_;
2902 if ( my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'HOME' ) ) {
2906 $home ||= Catalyst::Utils::home($class);
2909 #I remember recently being scolded for assigning config values like this
2910 $class->config->{home} ||= $home;
2911 $class->config->{root} ||= Path::Class::Dir->new($home)->subdir('root');
2915 =head2 $c->setup_log
2917 Sets up log by instantiating a L<Catalyst::Log|Catalyst::Log> object and
2918 passing it to C<log()>. Pass in a comma-delimited list of levels to set the
2921 This method also installs a C<debug> method that returns a true value into the
2922 catalyst subclass if the "debug" level is passed in the comma-delimited list,
2923 or if the C<$CATALYST_DEBUG> environment variable is set to a true value.
2925 Note that if the log has already been setup, by either a previous call to
2926 C<setup_log> or by a call such as C<< __PACKAGE__->log( MyLogger->new ) >>,
2927 that this method won't actually set up the log object.
2932 my ( $class, $levels ) = @_;
2935 $levels =~ s/^\s+//;
2936 $levels =~ s/\s+$//;
2937 my %levels = map { $_ => 1 } split /\s*,\s*/, $levels;
2939 my $env_debug = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'DEBUG' );
2940 if ( defined $env_debug ) {
2941 $levels{debug} = 1 if $env_debug; # Ugly!
2942 delete($levels{debug}) unless $env_debug;
2945 unless ( $class->log ) {
2946 $class->log( Catalyst::Log->new(keys %levels) );
2949 if ( $levels{debug} ) {
2950 Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class)->add_method('debug' => sub { 1 });
2951 $class->log->debug('Debug messages enabled');
2955 =head2 $c->setup_plugins
2961 =head2 $c->setup_stats
2963 Sets up timing statistics class.
2968 my ( $class, $stats ) = @_;
2970 Catalyst::Utils::ensure_class_loaded($class->stats_class);
2972 my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'STATS' );
2973 if ( defined($env) ? $env : ($stats || $class->debug ) ) {
2974 Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class)->add_method('use_stats' => sub { 1 });
2975 $class->log->debug('Statistics enabled');
2980 =head2 $c->registered_plugins
2982 Returns a sorted list of the plugins which have either been stated in the
2985 If passed a given plugin name, it will report a boolean value indicating
2986 whether or not that plugin is loaded. A fully qualified name is required if
2987 the plugin name does not begin with C<Catalyst::Plugin::>.
2989 if ($c->registered_plugins('Some::Plugin')) {
2997 sub registered_plugins {
2999 return sort keys %{ $proto->_plugins } unless @_;
3001 return 1 if exists $proto->_plugins->{$plugin};
3002 return exists $proto->_plugins->{"Catalyst::Plugin::$plugin"};
3005 sub _register_plugin {
3006 my ( $proto, $plugin, $instant ) = @_;
3007 my $class = ref $proto || $proto;
3009 load_class( $plugin );
3010 $class->log->warn( "$plugin inherits from 'Catalyst::Component' - this is deprecated and will not work in 5.81" )
3011 if $plugin->isa( 'Catalyst::Component' );
3012 my $plugin_meta = Moose::Meta::Class->create($plugin);
3013 if (!$plugin_meta->has_method('new')
3014 && ( $plugin->isa('Class::Accessor::Fast') || $plugin->isa('Class::Accessor') ) ) {
3015 $plugin_meta->add_method('new', Moose::Object->meta->get_method('new'))
3017 if (!$instant && !$proto->_plugins->{$plugin}) {
3018 my $meta = Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class);
3019 $meta->superclasses($plugin, $meta->superclasses);
3021 $proto->_plugins->{$plugin} = 1;
3025 sub _default_plugins { return qw(Unicode::Encoding) }
3028 my ( $class, $plugins ) = @_;
3030 $class->_plugins( {} ) unless $class->_plugins;
3032 m/Unicode::Encoding/ ? do {
3034 'Unicode::Encoding plugin is auto-applied,'
3035 . ' please remove this from your appclass'
3036 . ' and make sure to define "encoding" config'
3038 unless (exists $class->config->{'encoding'}) {
3039 $class->config->{'encoding'} = 'UTF-8';
3044 push @$plugins, $class->_default_plugins;
3045 $plugins = Data::OptList::mkopt($plugins || []);
3048 [ Catalyst::Utils::resolve_namespace(
3049 $class . '::Plugin',
3050 'Catalyst::Plugin', $_->[0]
3056 for my $plugin ( reverse @plugins ) {
3057 load_class($plugin->[0], $plugin->[1]);
3058 my $meta = find_meta($plugin->[0]);
3059 next if $meta && $meta->isa('Moose::Meta::Role');
3061 $class->_register_plugin($plugin->[0]);
3065 map { $_->[0]->name, $_->[1] }
3066 grep { blessed($_->[0]) && $_->[0]->isa('Moose::Meta::Role') }
3067 map { [find_meta($_->[0]), $_->[1]] }
3070 Moose::Util::apply_all_roles(
3076 =head2 registered_middlewares
3078 Read only accessor that returns an array of all the middleware in the order
3079 that they were added (which is the REVERSE of the order they will be applied).
3081 The values returned will be either instances of L<Plack::Middleware> or of a
3082 compatible interface, or a coderef, which is assumed to be inlined middleware
3084 =head2 setup_middleware (?@middleware)
3086 Read configuration information stored in configuration key C<psgi_middleware> or
3089 See under L</CONFIGURATION> information regarding C<psgi_middleware> and how
3090 to use it to enable L<Plack::Middleware>
3092 This method is automatically called during 'setup' of your application, so
3093 you really don't need to invoke it. However you may do so if you find the idea
3094 of loading middleware via configuration weird :). For example:
3100 __PACKAGE__->setup_middleware('Head');
3103 When we read middleware definitions from configuration, we reverse the list
3104 which sounds odd but is likely how you expect it to work if you have prior
3105 experience with L<Plack::Builder> or if you previously used the plugin
3106 L<Catalyst::Plugin::EnableMiddleware> (which is now considered deprecated)
3110 sub registered_middlewares {
3112 if(my $middleware = $class->_psgi_middleware) {
3114 Plack::Middleware::HTTPExceptions->new,
3115 Plack::Middleware::FixMissingBodyInRedirect->new,
3116 Plack::Middleware::ContentLength->new,
3117 Plack::Middleware::Head->new,
3120 die "You cannot call ->registered_middlewares until middleware has been setup";
3124 sub setup_middleware {
3126 my @middleware_definitions = @_ ?
3127 @_ : reverse(@{$class->config->{'psgi_middleware'}||[]});
3129 my @middleware = ();
3130 while(my $next = shift(@middleware_definitions)) {
3132 if(Scalar::Util::blessed $next && $next->can('wrap')) {
3133 push @middleware, $next;
3134 } elsif(ref $next eq 'CODE') {
3135 push @middleware, $next;
3136 } elsif(ref $next eq 'HASH') {
3137 my $namespace = shift @middleware_definitions;
3138 my $mw = $class->Catalyst::Utils::build_middleware($namespace, %$next);
3139 push @middleware, $mw;
3141 die "I can't handle middleware definition ${\ref $next}";
3144 my $mw = $class->Catalyst::Utils::build_middleware($next);
3145 push @middleware, $mw;
3149 my @existing = @{$class->_psgi_middleware || []};
3150 $class->_psgi_middleware([@middleware,@existing,]);
3153 =head2 registered_data_handlers
3155 A read only copy of registered Data Handlers returned as a Hash, where each key
3156 is a content type and each value is a subref that attempts to decode that content
3159 =head2 setup_data_handlers (?@data_handler)
3161 Read configuration information stored in configuration key C<data_handlers> or
3164 See under L</CONFIGURATION> information regarding C<data_handlers>.
3166 This method is automatically called during 'setup' of your application, so
3167 you really don't need to invoke it.
3169 =head2 default_data_handlers
3171 Default Data Handlers that come bundled with L<Catalyst>. Currently there are
3172 only two default data handlers, for 'application/json' and an alternative to
3173 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' which supposed nested form parameters via
3174 L<CGI::Struct> or via L<CGI::Struct::XS> IF you've installed it.
3176 The 'application/json' data handler is used to parse incoming JSON into a Perl
3177 data structure. It used either L<JSON::MaybeXS> or L<JSON>, depending on which
3178 is installed. This allows you to fail back to L<JSON:PP>, which is a Pure Perl
3179 JSON decoder, and has the smallest dependency impact.
3181 Because we don't wish to add more dependencies to L<Catalyst>, if you wish to
3182 use this new feature we recommend installing L<JSON> or L<JSON::MaybeXS> in
3183 order to get the best performance. You should add either to your dependency
3184 list (Makefile.PL, dist.ini, cpanfile, etc.)
3188 sub registered_data_handlers {
3190 if(my $data_handlers = $class->_data_handlers) {
3191 return %$data_handlers;
3193 die "You cannot call ->registered_data_handlers until data_handers has been setup";
3197 sub setup_data_handlers {
3198 my ($class, %data_handler_callbacks) = @_;
3199 %data_handler_callbacks = (
3200 %{$class->default_data_handlers},
3201 %{$class->config->{'data_handlers'}||+{}},
3202 %data_handler_callbacks);
3204 $class->_data_handlers(\%data_handler_callbacks);
3207 sub default_data_handlers {
3210 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' => sub {
3211 my ($fh, $req) = @_;
3212 my $params = $req->_use_hash_multivalue ? $req->body_parameters->mixed : $req->body_parameters;
3213 Class::Load::load_first_existing_class('CGI::Struct::XS', 'CGI::Struct')
3214 ->can('build_cgi_struct')->($params);
3216 'application/json' => sub {
3217 Class::Load::load_first_existing_class('JSON::MaybeXS', 'JSON')
3218 ->can('decode_json')->(do { local $/; $_->getline });
3225 Returns an arrayref of the internal execution stack (actions that are
3226 currently executing).
3230 Returns the current timing statistics object. By default Catalyst uses
3231 L<Catalyst::Stats|Catalyst::Stats>, but can be set otherwise with
3232 L<< stats_class|/"$c->stats_class" >>.
3234 Even if L<< -Stats|/"-Stats" >> is not enabled, the stats object is still
3235 available. By enabling it with C< $c->stats->enabled(1) >, it can be used to
3236 profile explicitly, although MyApp.pm still won't profile nor output anything
3239 =head2 $c->stats_class
3241 Returns or sets the stats (timing statistics) class. L<Catalyst::Stats|Catalyst::Stats> is used by default.
3243 =head2 $c->use_stats
3245 Returns 1 when L<< stats collection|/"-Stats" >> is enabled.
3247 Note that this is a static method, not an accessor and should be overridden
3248 by declaring C<sub use_stats { 1 }> in your MyApp.pm, not by calling C<< $c->use_stats(1) >>.
3255 =head2 $c->write( $data )
3257 Writes $data to the output stream. When using this method directly, you
3258 will need to manually set the C<Content-Length> header to the length of
3259 your output data, if known.
3266 # Finalize headers if someone manually writes output (for compat)
3267 $c->finalize_headers;
3269 return $c->response->write( @_ );
3274 Returns the Catalyst version number. Mostly useful for "powered by"
3275 messages in template systems.
3279 sub version { return $Catalyst::VERSION }
3281 =head1 CONFIGURATION
3283 There are a number of 'base' config variables which can be set:
3289 C<default_model> - The default model picked if you say C<< $c->model >>. See L<< /$c->model($name) >>.
3293 C<default_view> - The default view to be rendered or returned when C<< $c->view >> is called. See L<< /$c->view($name) >>.
3297 C<disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback> - Turns
3298 off the deprecated component resolution functionality so
3299 that if any of the component methods (e.g. C<< $c->controller('Foo') >>)
3300 are called then regex search will not be attempted on string values and
3301 instead C<undef> will be returned.
3305 C<home> - The application home directory. In an uninstalled application,
3306 this is the top level application directory. In an installed application,
3307 this will be the directory containing C<< MyApp.pm >>.
3311 C<ignore_frontend_proxy> - See L</PROXY SUPPORT>
3315 C<name> - The name of the application in debug messages and the debug and
3320 C<parse_on_demand> - The request body (for example file uploads) will not be parsed
3321 until it is accessed. This allows you to (for example) check authentication (and reject
3322 the upload) before actually receiving all the data. See L</ON-DEMAND PARSER>
3326 C<root> - The root directory for templates. Usually this is just a
3327 subdirectory of the home directory, but you can set it to change the
3328 templates to a different directory.
3332 C<search_extra> - Array reference passed to Module::Pluggable to for additional
3333 namespaces from which components will be loaded (and constructed and stored in
3334 C<< $c->components >>).
3338 C<show_internal_actions> - If true, causes internal actions such as C<< _DISPATCH >>
3339 to be shown in hit debug tables in the test server.
3343 C<use_request_uri_for_path> - Controls if the C<REQUEST_URI> or C<PATH_INFO> environment
3344 variable should be used for determining the request path.
3346 Most web server environments pass the requested path to the application using environment variables,
3347 from which Catalyst has to reconstruct the request base (i.e. the top level path to / in the application,
3348 exposed as C<< $c->request->base >>) and the request path below that base.
3350 There are two methods of doing this, both of which have advantages and disadvantages. Which method is used
3351 is determined by the C<< $c->config(use_request_uri_for_path) >> setting (which can either be true or false).
3355 =item use_request_uri_for_path => 0
3357 This is the default (and the) traditional method that Catalyst has used for determining the path information.
3358 The path is generated from a combination of the C<PATH_INFO> and C<SCRIPT_NAME> environment variables.
3359 The allows the application to behave correctly when C<mod_rewrite> is being used to redirect requests
3360 into the application, as these variables are adjusted by mod_rewrite to take account for the redirect.
3362 However this method has the major disadvantage that it is impossible to correctly decode some elements
3363 of the path, as RFC 3875 says: "C<< Unlike a URI path, the PATH_INFO is not URL-encoded, and cannot
3364 contain path-segment parameters. >>" This means PATH_INFO is B<always> decoded, and therefore Catalyst
3365 can't distinguish / vs %2F in paths (in addition to other encoded values).
3367 =item use_request_uri_for_path => 1
3369 This method uses the C<REQUEST_URI> and C<SCRIPT_NAME> environment variables. As C<REQUEST_URI> is never
3370 decoded, this means that applications using this mode can correctly handle URIs including the %2F character
3371 (i.e. with C<AllowEncodedSlashes> set to C<On> in Apache).
3373 Given that this method of path resolution is provably more correct, it is recommended that you use
3374 this unless you have a specific need to deploy your application in a non-standard environment, and you are
3375 aware of the implications of not being able to handle encoded URI paths correctly.
3377 However it also means that in a number of cases when the app isn't installed directly at a path, but instead
3378 is having paths rewritten into it (e.g. as a .cgi/fcgi in a public_html directory, with mod_rewrite in a
3379 .htaccess file, or when SSI is used to rewrite pages into the app, or when sub-paths of the app are exposed
3380 at other URIs than that which the app is 'normally' based at with C<mod_rewrite>), the resolution of
3381 C<< $c->request->base >> will be incorrect.
3387 C<using_frontend_proxy> - See L</PROXY SUPPORT>.
3391 C<encoding> - See L</ENCODING>
3395 C<abort_chain_on_error_fix>
3397 When there is an error in an action chain, the default behavior is to continue
3398 processing the remaining actions and then catch the error upon chain end. This
3399 can lead to running actions when the application is in an unexpected state. If
3400 you have this issue, setting this config value to true will promptly exit a
3401 chain when there is an error raised in any action (thus terminating the chain
3406 __PACKAGE__->config(abort_chain_on_error_fix => 1);
3408 In the future this might become the default behavior.
3412 C<use_hash_multivalue_in_request>
3414 In L<Catalyst::Request> the methods C<query_parameters>, C<body_parametes>
3415 and C<parameters> return a hashref where values might be scalar or an arrayref
3416 depending on the incoming data. In many cases this can be undesirable as it
3417 leads one to writing defensive code like the following:
3419 my ($val) = ref($c->req->parameters->{a}) ?
3420 @{$c->req->parameters->{a}} :
3421 $c->req->parameters->{a};
3423 Setting this configuration item to true will make L<Catalyst> populate the
3424 attributes underlying these methods with an instance of L<Hash::MultiValue>
3425 which is used by L<Plack::Request> and others to solve this very issue. You
3426 may prefer this behavior to the default, if so enable this option (be warned
3427 if you enable it in a legacy application we are not sure if it is completely
3428 backwardly compatible).
3432 C<psgi_middleware> - See L<PSGI MIDDLEWARE>.
3436 C<data_handlers> - See L<DATA HANDLERS>.
3440 =head1 INTERNAL ACTIONS
3442 Catalyst uses internal actions like C<_DISPATCH>, C<_BEGIN>, C<_AUTO>,
3443 C<_ACTION>, and C<_END>. These are by default not shown in the private
3444 action table, but you can make them visible with a config parameter.
3446 MyApp->config(show_internal_actions => 1);
3448 =head1 ON-DEMAND PARSER
3450 The request body is usually parsed at the beginning of a request,
3451 but if you want to handle input yourself, you can enable on-demand
3452 parsing with a config parameter.
3454 MyApp->config(parse_on_demand => 1);
3456 =head1 PROXY SUPPORT
3458 Many production servers operate using the common double-server approach,
3459 with a lightweight frontend web server passing requests to a larger
3460 backend server. An application running on the backend server must deal
3461 with two problems: the remote user always appears to be C<127.0.0.1> and
3462 the server's hostname will appear to be C<localhost> regardless of the
3463 virtual host that the user connected through.
3465 Catalyst will automatically detect this situation when you are running
3466 the frontend and backend servers on the same machine. The following
3467 changes are made to the request.
3469 $c->req->address is set to the user's real IP address, as read from
3470 the HTTP X-Forwarded-For header.
3472 The host value for $c->req->base and $c->req->uri is set to the real
3473 host, as read from the HTTP X-Forwarded-Host header.
3475 Additionally, you may be running your backend application on an insecure
3476 connection (port 80) while your frontend proxy is running under SSL. If there
3477 is a discrepancy in the ports, use the HTTP header C<X-Forwarded-Port> to
3478 tell Catalyst what port the frontend listens on. This will allow all URIs to
3479 be created properly.
3481 In the case of passing in:
3483 X-Forwarded-Port: 443
3485 All calls to C<uri_for> will result in an https link, as is expected.
3487 Obviously, your web server must support these headers for this to work.
3489 In a more complex server farm environment where you may have your
3490 frontend proxy server(s) on different machines, you will need to set a
3491 configuration option to tell Catalyst to read the proxied data from the
3494 MyApp->config(using_frontend_proxy => 1);
3496 If you do not wish to use the proxy support at all, you may set:
3498 MyApp->config(ignore_frontend_proxy => 0);
3500 =head2 Note about psgi files
3502 Note that if you supply your own .psgi file, calling
3503 C<< MyApp->psgi_app(@_); >>, then B<this will not happen automatically>.
3505 You either need to apply L<Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy> yourself
3506 in your psgi, for example:
3509 enable "Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy";
3513 This will unconditionally add the ReverseProxy support, or you need to call
3514 C<< $app = MyApp->apply_default_middlewares($app) >> (to conditionally
3515 apply the support depending upon your config).
3517 See L<Catalyst::PSGI> for more information.
3519 =head1 THREAD SAFETY
3521 Catalyst has been tested under Apache 2's threading C<mpm_worker>,
3522 C<mpm_winnt>, and the standalone forking HTTP server on Windows. We
3523 believe the Catalyst core to be thread-safe.
3525 If you plan to operate in a threaded environment, remember that all other
3526 modules you are using must also be thread-safe. Some modules, most notably
3527 L<DBD::SQLite>, are not thread-safe.
3529 =head1 DATA HANDLERS
3531 The L<Catalyst::Request> object uses L<HTTP::Body> to populate 'classic' HTML
3532 form parameters and URL search query fields. However it has become common
3533 for various alternative content types to be PUT or POSTed to your controllers
3534 and actions. People working on RESTful APIs, or using AJAX often use JSON,
3535 XML and other content types when communicating with an application server. In
3536 order to better support this use case, L<Catalyst> defines a global configuration
3537 option, C<data_handlers>, which lets you associate a content type with a coderef
3538 that parses that content type into something Perl can readily access.
3545 __PACKAGE__->config(
3547 'application/json' => sub { local $/; decode_json $_->getline },
3549 ## Any other configuration.
3554 By default L<Catalyst> comes with a generic JSON data handler similar to the
3555 example given above, which uses L<JSON::Maybe> to provide either L<JSON::PP>
3556 (a pure Perl, dependency free JSON parser) or L<Cpanel::JSON::XS> if you have
3557 it installed (if you want the faster XS parser, add it to you project Makefile.PL
3558 or dist.ini, cpanfile, etc.)
3560 The C<data_handlers> configuation is a hashref whose keys are HTTP Content-Types
3561 (matched against the incoming request type using a regexp such as to be case
3562 insensitive) and whose values are coderefs that receive a localized version of
3563 C<$_> which is a filehandle object pointing to received body.
3565 This feature is considered an early access release and we reserve the right
3566 to alter the interface in order to provide a performant and secure solution to
3567 alternative request body content. Your reports welcomed!
3569 =head1 PSGI MIDDLEWARE
3571 You can define middleware, defined as L<Plack::Middleware> or a compatible
3572 interface in configuration. Your middleware definitions are in the form of an
3573 arrayref under the configuration key C<psgi_middleware>. Here's an example
3574 with details to follow:
3579 use Plack::Middleware::StackTrace;
3581 my $stacktrace_middleware = Plack::Middleware::StackTrace->new;
3583 __PACKAGE__->config(
3584 'psgi_middleware', [
3587 $stacktrace_middleware,
3588 'Session' => {store => 'File'},
3593 $env->{myapp.customkey} = 'helloworld';
3602 So the general form is:
3604 __PACKAGE__->config(psgi_middleware => \@middleware_definitions);
3606 Where C<@middleware> is one or more of the following, applied in the REVERSE of
3607 the order listed (to make it function similarly to L<Plack::Builder>:
3609 Alternatively, you may also define middleware by calling the L</setup_middleware>
3616 __PACKAGE__->setup_middleware( \@middleware_definitions);
3619 In the case where you do both (use 'setup_middleware' and configuration) the
3620 package call to setup_middleware will be applied earlier (in other words its
3621 middleware will wrap closer to the application). Keep this in mind since in
3622 some cases the order of middleware is important.
3624 The two approaches are not exclusive.
3628 =item Middleware Object
3630 An already initialized object that conforms to the L<Plack::Middleware>
3633 my $stacktrace_middleware = Plack::Middleware::StackTrace->new;
3635 __PACKAGE__->config(
3636 'psgi_middleware', [
3637 $stacktrace_middleware,
3643 A coderef that is an inlined middleware:
3645 __PACKAGE__->config(
3646 'psgi_middleware', [
3651 if($env->{PATH_INFO} =~m/forced/) {
3653 ->new(file=>TestApp->path_to(qw/share static forced.txt/))
3656 return $app->($env);
3666 We assume the scalar refers to a namespace after normalizing it using the
3669 (1) If the scalar is prefixed with a "+" (as in C<+MyApp::Foo>) then the full string
3670 is assumed to be 'as is', and we just install and use the middleware.
3672 (2) If the scalar begins with "Plack::Middleware" or your application namespace
3673 (the package name of your Catalyst application subclass), we also assume then
3674 that it is a full namespace, and use it.
3676 (3) Lastly, we then assume that the scalar is a partial namespace, and attempt to
3677 resolve it first by looking for it under your application namespace (for example
3678 if you application is "MyApp::Web" and the scalar is "MyMiddleware", we'd look
3679 under "MyApp::Web::Middleware::MyMiddleware") and if we don't find it there, we
3680 will then look under the regular L<Plack::Middleware> namespace (i.e. for the
3681 previous we'd try "Plack::Middleware::MyMiddleware"). We look under your application
3682 namespace first to let you 'override' common L<Plack::Middleware> locally, should
3683 you find that a good idea.
3689 __PACKAGE__->config(
3690 'psgi_middleware', [
3691 'Debug', ## MyAppWeb::Middleware::Debug->wrap or Plack::Middleware::Debug->wrap
3692 'Plack::Middleware::Stacktrace', ## Plack::Middleware::Stacktrace->wrap
3693 '+MyApp::Custom', ## MyApp::Custom->wrap
3697 =item a scalar followed by a hashref
3699 Just like the previous, except the following C<HashRef> is used as arguments
3700 to initialize the middleware object.
3702 __PACKAGE__->config(
3703 'psgi_middleware', [
3704 'Session' => {store => 'File'},
3709 Please see L<PSGI> for more on middleware.
3713 On request, decodes all params from encoding into a sequence of
3714 logical characters. On response, encodes body into encoding.
3722 Returns an instance of an C<Encode> encoding
3724 print $c->encoding->name
3726 =item handle_unicode_encoding_exception ($exception_context)
3728 Method called when decoding process for a request fails.
3730 An C<$exception_context> hashref is provided to allow you to override the
3731 behaviour of your application when given data with incorrect encodings.
3733 The default method throws exceptions in the case of invalid request parameters
3734 (resulting in a 500 error), but ignores errors in upload filenames.
3736 The keys passed in the C<$exception_context> hash are:
3742 The value which was not able to be decoded.
3746 The exception received from L<Encode>.
3750 What type of data was being decoded. Valid values are (currently)
3751 C<params> - for request parameters / arguments / captures
3752 and C<uploads> - for request upload filenames.
3762 Join #catalyst on irc.perl.org.
3766 http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst
3767 http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst-dev
3771 http://catalyst.perl.org
3775 http://dev.catalyst.perl.org
3779 =head2 L<Task::Catalyst> - All you need to start with Catalyst
3781 =head2 L<Catalyst::Manual> - The Catalyst Manual
3783 =head2 L<Catalyst::Component>, L<Catalyst::Controller> - Base classes for components
3785 =head2 L<Catalyst::Engine> - Core engine
3787 =head2 L<Catalyst::Log> - Log class.
3789 =head2 L<Catalyst::Request> - Request object
3791 =head2 L<Catalyst::Response> - Response object
3793 =head2 L<Catalyst::Test> - The test suite.
3795 =head1 PROJECT FOUNDER
3797 sri: Sebastian Riedel <sri@cpan.org>
3803 acme: Leon Brocard <leon@astray.com>
3805 abraxxa: Alexander Hartmaier <abraxxa@cpan.org>
3809 Andrew Ford E<lt>A.Ford@ford-mason.co.ukE<gt>
3813 andyg: Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
3815 audreyt: Audrey Tang
3817 bricas: Brian Cassidy <bricas@cpan.org>
3819 Caelum: Rafael Kitover <rkitover@io.com>
3821 chansen: Christian Hansen
3823 chicks: Christopher Hicks
3825 Chisel Wright C<pause@herlpacker.co.uk>
3827 Danijel Milicevic C<me@danijel.de>
3829 David Kamholz E<lt>dkamholz@cpan.orgE<gt>
3831 David Naughton, C<naughton@umn.edu>
3835 dhoss: Devin Austin <dhoss@cpan.org>
3837 dkubb: Dan Kubb <dan.kubb-cpan@onautopilot.com>
3841 dwc: Daniel Westermann-Clark <danieltwc@cpan.org>
3843 esskar: Sascha Kiefer
3845 fireartist: Carl Franks <cfranks@cpan.org>
3847 frew: Arthur Axel "fREW" Schmidt <frioux@gmail.com>
3849 gabb: Danijel Milicevic
3853 Gavin Henry C<ghenry@perl.me.uk>
3857 groditi: Guillermo Roditi <groditi@gmail.com>
3859 hobbs: Andrew Rodland <andrew@cleverdomain.org>
3861 ilmari: Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker <ilmari@ilmari.org>
3863 jcamacho: Juan Camacho
3865 jester: Jesse Sheidlower C<jester@panix.com>
3867 jhannah: Jay Hannah <jay@jays.net>
3873 jon: Jon Schutz <jjschutz@cpan.org>
3875 Jonathan Rockway C<< <jrockway@cpan.org> >>
3877 Kieren Diment C<kd@totaldatasolution.com>
3879 konobi: Scott McWhirter <konobi@cpan.org>
3881 marcus: Marcus Ramberg <mramberg@cpan.org>
3883 miyagawa: Tatsuhiko Miyagawa <miyagawa@bulknews.net>
3885 mgrimes: Mark Grimes <mgrimes@cpan.org>
3887 mst: Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
3891 naughton: David Naughton
3893 ningu: David Kamholz <dkamholz@cpan.org>
3895 nothingmuch: Yuval Kogman <nothingmuch@woobling.org>
3897 numa: Dan Sully <daniel@cpan.org>
3903 omega: Andreas Marienborg
3905 Oleg Kostyuk <cub.uanic@gmail.com>
3907 phaylon: Robert Sedlacek <phaylon@dunkelheit.at>
3909 rafl: Florian Ragwitz <rafl@debian.org>
3911 random: Roland Lammel <lammel@cpan.org>
3913 Robert Sedlacek C<< <rs@474.at> >>
3915 SpiceMan: Marcel Montes
3919 szbalint: Balint Szilakszi <szbalint@cpan.org>
3921 t0m: Tomas Doran <bobtfish@bobtfish.net>
3925 Viljo Marrandi C<vilts@yahoo.com>
3927 Will Hawes C<info@whawes.co.uk>
3929 willert: Sebastian Willert <willert@cpan.org>
3931 wreis: Wallace Reis <wreis@cpan.org>
3933 Yuval Kogman, C<nothingmuch@woobling.org>
3935 rainboxx: Matthias Dietrich, C<perl@rainboxx.de>
3937 dd070: Dhaval Dhanani <dhaval070@gmail.com>
3939 Upasana <me@upasana.me>
3943 Copyright (c) 2005, the above named PROJECT FOUNDER and CONTRIBUTORS.
3947 This library is free software. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
3948 the same terms as Perl itself.
3954 __PACKAGE__->meta->make_immutable;