4 use base 'Catalyst::Component';
6 use Catalyst::Exception;
9 use Catalyst::Request::Upload;
10 use Catalyst::Response;
12 use Catalyst::Controller;
13 use Devel::InnerPackage ();
15 use Module::Pluggable::Object;
17 use Text::SimpleTable;
19 use Path::Class::File;
20 use Time::HiRes qw/gettimeofday tv_interval/;
22 use Scalar::Util qw/weaken blessed/;
23 use Tree::Simple qw/use_weak_refs/;
24 use Tree::Simple::Visitor::FindByUID;
29 BEGIN { require 5.008001; }
31 __PACKAGE__->mk_accessors(
32 qw/counter request response state action stack namespace stats/
35 attributes->import( __PACKAGE__, \&namespace, 'lvalue' );
37 sub depth { scalar @{ shift->stack || [] }; }
44 # For backwards compatibility
45 *finalize_output = \&finalize_body;
50 our $RECURSION = 1000;
51 our $DETACH = "catalyst_detach\n";
53 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata($_)
54 for qw/components arguments dispatcher engine log dispatcher_class
55 engine_class context_class request_class response_class setup_finished/;
57 __PACKAGE__->dispatcher_class('Catalyst::Dispatcher');
58 __PACKAGE__->engine_class('Catalyst::Engine::CGI');
59 __PACKAGE__->request_class('Catalyst::Request');
60 __PACKAGE__->response_class('Catalyst::Response');
62 # Remember to update this in Catalyst::Runtime as well!
64 our $VERSION = '5.70_03';
67 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
69 # We have to limit $class to Catalyst to avoid pushing Catalyst upon every
71 return unless $class eq 'Catalyst';
73 my $caller = caller(0);
75 unless ( $caller->isa('Catalyst') ) {
77 push @{"$caller\::ISA"}, $class, 'Catalyst::Controller';
80 $caller->arguments( [@arguments] );
86 Catalyst - The Elegant MVC Web Application Framework
90 # use the helper to create a new application
93 # add models, views, controllers
94 script/myapp_create.pl model Database DBIC::SchemaLoader dbi:SQLite:/path/to/db
95 script/myapp_create.pl view TT TT
96 script/myapp_create.pl controller Search
98 # built in testserver -- use -r to restart automatically on changes
99 script/myapp_server.pl
101 # command line testing interface
102 script/myapp_test.pl /yada
105 use Catalyst qw/-Debug/; # include plugins here as well
107 ### In lib/MyApp/Controller/Root.pm (autocreated)
108 sub foo : Global { # called for /foo, /foo/1, /foo/1/2, etc.
109 my ( $self, $c, @args ) = @_; # args are qw/1 2/ for /foo/1/2
110 $c->stash->{template} = 'foo.tt'; # set the template
111 # lookup something from db -- stash vars are passed to TT
113 $c->model('Database::Foo')->search( { country => $args[0] } );
114 if ( $c->req->params->{bar} ) { # access GET or POST parameters
115 $c->forward( 'bar' ); # process another action
116 # do something else after forward returns
120 # The foo.tt TT template can use the stash data from the database
121 [% WHILE (item = data.next) %]
125 # called for /bar/of/soap, /bar/of/soap/10, etc.
126 sub bar : Path('/bar/of/soap') { ... }
128 # called for all actions, from the top-most controller downwards
130 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
131 if ( !$c->user_exists ) { # Catalyst::Plugin::Authentication
132 $c->res->redirect( '/login' ); # require login
133 return 0; # abort request and go immediately to end()
135 return 1; # success; carry on to next action
138 # called after all actions are finished
140 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
141 if ( scalar @{ $c->error } ) { ... } # handle errors
142 return if $c->res->body; # already have a response
143 $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' ); # render template
146 ### in MyApp/Controller/Foo.pm
147 # called for /foo/bar
148 sub bar : Local { ... }
150 # called for /blargle
151 sub blargle : Global { ... }
153 # an index action matches /foo, but not /foo/1, etc.
154 sub index : Private { ... }
156 ### in MyApp/Controller/Foo/Bar.pm
157 # called for /foo/bar/baz
158 sub baz : Local { ... }
160 # first Root auto is called, then Foo auto, then this
161 sub auto : Private { ... }
163 # powerful regular expression paths are also possible
164 sub details : Regex('^product/(\w+)/details$') {
165 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
166 # extract the (\w+) from the URI
167 my $product = $c->req->captures->[0];
170 See L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro> for additional information.
174 Catalyst is a modern framework for making web applications without the pain usually associated with this process. This document is a reference to the main Catalyst application. If you are a new user, we suggest you start with L<Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial> or L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro>
176 See L<Catalyst::Manual> for more documentation.
178 Catalyst plugins can be loaded by naming them as arguments to the "use
179 Catalyst" statement. Omit the C<Catalyst::Plugin::> prefix from the
180 plugin name, i.e., C<Catalyst::Plugin::My::Module> becomes
183 use Catalyst qw/My::Module/;
185 If your plugin starts with a name other than C<Catalyst::Plugin::>, you can
186 fully qualify the name by using a unary plus:
190 +Fully::Qualified::Plugin::Name
193 Special flags like C<-Debug> and C<-Engine> can also be specified as
194 arguments when Catalyst is loaded:
196 use Catalyst qw/-Debug My::Module/;
198 The position of plugins and flags in the chain is important, because
199 they are loaded in exactly the order in which they appear.
201 The following flags are supported:
205 Enables debug output. You can also force this setting from the system
206 environment with CATALYST_DEBUG or <MYAPP>_DEBUG. The environment settings
207 override the app, with <MYAPP>_DEBUG having highest priority.
211 Forces Catalyst to use a specific engine. Omit the
212 C<Catalyst::Engine::> prefix of the engine name, i.e.:
214 use Catalyst qw/-Engine=CGI/;
218 Forces Catalyst to use a specific home directory, e.g.:
220 use Catalyst qw[-Home=/usr/sri];
228 =head2 INFORMATION ABOUT THE CURRENT REQUEST
232 Returns a L<Catalyst::Action> object for the current action, which
233 stringifies to the action name. See L<Catalyst::Action>.
237 Returns the namespace of the current action, i.e., the uri prefix
238 corresponding to the controller of the current action. For example:
240 # in Controller::Foo::Bar
241 $c->namespace; # returns 'foo/bar';
247 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Request> object. See
248 L<Catalyst::Request>.
250 =head2 REQUEST FLOW HANDLING
252 =head2 $c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )
254 =head2 $c->forward( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
256 Forwards processing to another action, by it's private name. If you give a
257 class name but no method, C<process()> is called. You may also optionally
258 pass arguments in an arrayref. The action will receive the arguments in
259 C<@_> and C<$c-E<gt>req-E<gt>args>. Upon returning from the function,
260 C<$c-E<gt>req-E<gt>args> will be restored to the previous values.
262 Any data C<return>ed from the action forwarded to, will be returned by the
265 my $foodata = $c->forward('/foo');
266 $c->forward('index');
267 $c->forward(qw/MyApp::Model::DBIC::Foo do_stuff/);
268 $c->forward('MyApp::View::TT');
270 Note that forward implies an C<<eval { }>> around the call (well, actually
271 C<execute> does), thus de-fatalizing all 'dies' within the called action. If
272 you want C<die> to propagate you need to do something like:
275 die $c->error if $c->error;
277 Or make sure to always return true values from your actions and write your code
280 $c->forward('foo') || return;
284 sub forward { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->forward( $c, @_ ) }
286 =head2 $c->detach( $action [, \@arguments ] )
288 =head2 $c->detach( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
290 The same as C<forward>, but doesn't return to the previous action when
291 processing is finished.
295 sub detach { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->detach( $c, @_ ) }
301 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Response> object.
305 Returns a hashref to the stash, which may be used to store data and pass
306 it between components during a request. You can also set hash keys by
307 passing arguments. The stash is automatically sent to the view. The
308 stash is cleared at the end of a request; it cannot be used for
311 $c->stash->{foo} = $bar;
312 $c->stash( { moose => 'majestic', qux => 0 } );
313 $c->stash( bar => 1, gorch => 2 ); # equivalent to passing a hashref
315 # stash is automatically passed to the view for use in a template
316 $c->forward( 'MyApp::V::TT' );
323 my $stash = @_ > 1 ? {@_} : $_[0];
324 croak('stash takes a hash or hashref') unless ref $stash;
325 foreach my $key ( keys %$stash ) {
326 $c->{stash}->{$key} = $stash->{$key};
334 =head2 $c->error($error, ...)
336 =head2 $c->error($arrayref)
338 Returns an arrayref containing error messages. If Catalyst encounters an
339 error while processing a request, it stores the error in $c->error. This
340 method should not be used to store non-fatal error messages.
342 my @error = @{ $c->error };
346 $c->error('Something bad happened');
353 my $error = ref $_[0] eq 'ARRAY' ? $_[0] : [@_];
354 croak @$error unless ref $c;
355 push @{ $c->{error} }, @$error;
357 elsif ( defined $_[0] ) { $c->{error} = undef }
358 return $c->{error} || [];
364 Contains the return value of the last executed action.
366 =head2 $c->clear_errors
368 Clear errors. You probably don't want to clear the errors unless you are
369 implementing a custom error screen.
371 This is equivalent to running
387 my ( $c, @names ) = @_;
389 foreach my $name (@names) {
390 foreach my $component ( keys %{ $c->components } ) {
391 return $c->components->{$component} if $component =~ /$name/i;
398 # try explicit component names
400 my ( $c, @names ) = @_;
402 foreach my $try (@names) {
403 return $c->components->{$try} if ( exists $c->components->{$try} );
409 # like component, but try just these prefixes before regex searching,
410 # and do not try to return "sort keys %{ $c->components }"
412 my ( $c, $name, @prefixes ) = @_;
414 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
416 my @names = map { "${appclass}::${_}::${name}" } @prefixes;
418 my $comp = $c->_comp_explicit(@names);
419 return $comp if defined($comp);
420 $comp = $c->_comp_search($name);
424 # Find possible names for a prefix
427 my ( $c, @prefixes ) = @_;
429 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
431 my @pre = map { "${appclass}::${_}::" } @prefixes;
435 COMPONENT: foreach my $comp ($c->component) {
436 foreach my $p (@pre) {
437 if ($comp =~ s/^$p//) {
447 # Return a component if only one matches.
449 my ( $c, @prefixes ) = @_;
451 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
453 my ( $comp, $rest ) =
454 map { $c->_comp_search("^${appclass}::${_}::") } @prefixes;
455 return $comp unless $rest;
458 # Filter a component before returning by calling ACCEPT_CONTEXT if available
459 sub _filter_component {
460 my ( $c, $comp, @args ) = @_;
461 if ( eval { $comp->can('ACCEPT_CONTEXT'); } ) {
462 return $comp->ACCEPT_CONTEXT( $c, @args );
464 else { return $comp }
467 =head2 COMPONENT ACCESSORS
469 =head2 $c->controller($name)
471 Gets a L<Catalyst::Controller> instance by name.
473 $c->controller('Foo')->do_stuff;
475 If name is omitted, will return the controller for the dispatched action.
480 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
481 return $c->_filter_component( $c->_comp_prefixes( $name, qw/Controller C/ ),
484 return $c->component( $c->action->class );
487 =head2 $c->model($name)
489 Gets a L<Catalyst::Model> instance by name.
491 $c->model('Foo')->do_stuff;
493 If the name is omitted, it will look for a config setting 'default_model',
494 or check if there is only one view, and return it if that's the case.
499 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
500 return $c->_filter_component( $c->_comp_prefixes( $name, qw/Model M/ ),
503 return $c->component( $c->config->{default_model} )
504 if $c->config->{default_model};
505 return $c->_filter_component( $c->_comp_singular(qw/Model M/), @args );
509 =head2 $c->controllers
511 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->controller
517 return $c->_comp_names(qw/Controller C/);
521 =head2 $c->view($name)
523 Gets a L<Catalyst::View> instance by name.
525 $c->view('Foo')->do_stuff;
527 If the name is omitted, it will look for a config setting 'default_view',
528 or check if there is only one view, and forward to it if that's the case.
533 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
534 return $c->_filter_component( $c->_comp_prefixes( $name, qw/View V/ ),
537 return $c->component( $c->config->{default_view} )
538 if $c->config->{default_view};
539 return $c->_filter_component( $c->_comp_singular(qw/View V/) );
544 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->model
550 return $c->_comp_names(qw/Model M/);
556 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->view
562 return $c->_comp_names(qw/View V/);
565 =head2 $c->comp($name)
567 =head2 $c->component($name)
569 Gets a component object by name. This method is no longer recommended,
570 unless you want to get a specific component by full
571 class. C<$c-E<gt>controller>, C<$c-E<gt>model>, and C<$c-E<gt>view>
572 should be used instead.
583 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
586 $name, "${appclass}::${name}",
587 map { "${appclass}::${_}::${name}" }
588 qw/Model M Controller C View V/
591 my $comp = $c->_comp_explicit(@names);
592 return $c->_filter_component( $comp, @_ ) if defined($comp);
594 $comp = $c->_comp_search($name);
595 return $c->_filter_component( $comp, @_ ) if defined($comp);
598 return sort keys %{ $c->components };
603 =head2 CLASS DATA AND HELPER CLASSES
607 Returns or takes a hashref containing the application's configuration.
609 __PACKAGE__->config( { db => 'dsn:SQLite:foo.db' } );
611 You can also use a L<YAML> config file like myapp.yml in your
612 applications home directory.
615 db: dsn:SQLite:foo.db
623 $c->log->warn("Setting config after setup has been run is not a good idea.")
624 if ( @_ and $c->setup_finished );
626 $c->NEXT::config(@_);
631 Returns the logging object instance. Unless it is already set, Catalyst sets
632 this up with a L<Catalyst::Log> object. To use your own log class, set the
633 logger with the C<< __PACKAGE__->log >> method prior to calling
634 C<< __PACKAGE__->setup >>.
636 __PACKAGE__->log( MyLogger->new );
641 $c->log->info( 'Now logging with my own logger!' );
643 Your log class should implement the methods described in the
644 L<Catalyst::Log> man page.
649 Overload to enable debug messages (same as -Debug option).
651 Note that this is a static method, not an accessor and should be overloaded
652 by declaring "sub debug { 1 }" in your MyApp.pm, not by calling $c->debug(1).
658 =head2 $c->dispatcher
660 Returns the dispatcher instance. Stringifies to class name. See
661 L<Catalyst::Dispatcher>.
665 Returns the engine instance. Stringifies to the class name. See
669 =head2 UTILITY METHODS
671 =head2 $c->path_to(@path)
673 Merges C<@path> with C<$c-E<gt>config-E<gt>{home}> and returns a
674 L<Path::Class> object.
678 $c->path_to( 'db', 'sqlite.db' );
683 my ( $c, @path ) = @_;
684 my $path = Path::Class::Dir->new( $c->config->{home}, @path );
685 if ( -d $path ) { return $path }
686 else { return Path::Class::File->new( $c->config->{home}, @path ) }
689 =head2 $c->plugin( $name, $class, @args )
691 Helper method for plugins. It creates a classdata accessor/mutator and
692 loads and instantiates the given class.
694 MyApp->plugin( 'prototype', 'HTML::Prototype' );
696 $c->prototype->define_javascript_functions;
701 my ( $class, $name, $plugin, @args ) = @_;
702 $class->_register_plugin( $plugin, 1 );
704 eval { $plugin->import };
705 $class->mk_classdata($name);
707 eval { $obj = $plugin->new(@args) };
710 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
711 qq/Couldn't instantiate instant plugin "$plugin", "$@"/ );
715 $class->log->debug(qq/Initialized instant plugin "$plugin" as "$name"/)
721 Initializes the dispatcher and engine, loads any plugins, and loads the
722 model, view, and controller components. You may also specify an array
723 of plugins to load here, if you choose to not load them in the C<use
727 MyApp->setup( qw/-Debug/ );
732 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
734 $class->log->warn("Running setup twice is not a good idea.")
735 if ( $class->setup_finished );
737 unless ( $class->isa('Catalyst') ) {
739 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
740 message => qq/'$class' does not inherit from Catalyst/ );
743 if ( $class->arguments ) {
744 @arguments = ( @arguments, @{ $class->arguments } );
750 foreach (@arguments) {
754 ( $flags->{log} ) ? 'debug,' . $flags->{log} : 'debug';
756 elsif (/^-(\w+)=?(.*)$/) {
757 $flags->{ lc $1 } = $2;
760 push @{ $flags->{plugins} }, $_;
764 $class->setup_home( delete $flags->{home} );
766 $class->setup_log( delete $flags->{log} );
767 $class->setup_plugins( delete $flags->{plugins} );
768 $class->setup_dispatcher( delete $flags->{dispatcher} );
769 $class->setup_engine( delete $flags->{engine} );
771 for my $flag ( sort keys %{$flags} ) {
773 if ( my $code = $class->can( 'setup_' . $flag ) ) {
774 &$code( $class, delete $flags->{$flag} );
777 $class->log->warn(qq/Unknown flag "$flag"/);
781 eval { require Catalyst::Devel; };
782 if( !$@ && $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} && ( $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} < $Catalyst::Devel::CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN ) ) {
783 $class->log->warn(<<"EOF");
784 You are running an old script!
786 Please update by running (this will overwrite existing files):
787 catalyst.pl -force -scripts $class
789 or (this will not overwrite existing files):
790 catalyst.pl -scripts $class
794 if ( $class->debug ) {
795 my @plugins = map { "$_ " . ( $_->VERSION || '' ) } $class->registered_plugins;
798 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new(74);
799 $t->row($_) for @plugins;
800 $class->log->debug( "Loaded plugins:\n" . $t->draw );
803 my $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher;
804 my $engine = $class->engine;
805 my $home = $class->config->{home};
807 $class->log->debug(qq/Loaded dispatcher "$dispatcher"/);
808 $class->log->debug(qq/Loaded engine "$engine"/);
812 ? $class->log->debug(qq/Found home "$home"/)
813 : $class->log->debug(qq/Home "$home" doesn't exist/)
814 : $class->log->debug(q/Couldn't find home/);
819 no warnings qw/redefine/;
820 local *setup = sub { };
824 # Initialize our data structure
825 $class->components( {} );
827 $class->setup_components;
829 if ( $class->debug ) {
830 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 63, 'Class' ], [ 8, 'Type' ] );
831 for my $comp ( sort keys %{ $class->components } ) {
832 my $type = ref $class->components->{$comp} ? 'instance' : 'class';
833 $t->row( $comp, $type );
835 $class->log->debug( "Loaded components:\n" . $t->draw )
836 if ( keys %{ $class->components } );
839 # Add our self to components, since we are also a component
840 $class->components->{$class} = $class;
842 $class->setup_actions;
844 if ( $class->debug ) {
845 my $name = $class->config->{name} || 'Application';
846 $class->log->info("$name powered by Catalyst $Catalyst::VERSION");
848 $class->log->_flush() if $class->log->can('_flush');
850 $class->setup_finished(1);
853 =head2 $c->uri_for( $path, @args?, \%query_values? )
855 Merges path with C<$c-E<gt>request-E<gt>base> for absolute uri's and
856 with C<$c-E<gt>namespace> for relative uri's, then returns a
857 normalized L<URI> object. If any args are passed, they are added at the
858 end of the path. If the last argument to uri_for is a hash reference,
859 it is assumed to contain GET parameter key/value pairs, which will be
860 appended to the URI in standard fashion.
862 Instead of $path, you can also optionally pass a $action object which will
863 be resolved to a path using $c->dispatcher->uri_for_action; if the first
864 element of @args is an arrayref it is treated as a list of captures to be
865 passed to uri_for_action.
870 my ( $c, $path, @args ) = @_;
871 my $base = $c->request->base->clone;
872 my $basepath = $base->path;
873 $basepath =~ s/\/$//;
875 my $namespace = $c->namespace || '';
877 if ( Scalar::Util::blessed($path) ) { # action object
878 my $captures = ( scalar @args && ref $args[0] eq 'ARRAY'
881 $path = $c->dispatcher->uri_for_action($path, $captures);
882 return undef unless defined($path);
885 # massage namespace, empty if absolute path
886 $namespace =~ s/^\/// if $namespace;
887 $namespace .= '/' if $namespace;
889 $namespace = '' if $path =~ /^\//;
893 ( scalar @args && ref $args[$#args] eq 'HASH' ? pop @args : {} );
895 for my $value ( values %$params ) {
896 my $isa_ref = ref $value;
897 if( $isa_ref and $isa_ref ne 'ARRAY' ) {
898 croak( "Non-array reference ($isa_ref) passed to uri_for()" );
900 utf8::encode( $_ ) for grep { defined } $isa_ref ? @$value : $value;
903 # join args with '/', or a blank string
904 my $args = ( scalar @args ? '/' . join( '/', @args ) : '' );
905 $args =~ s/^\/// unless $path;
907 URI->new_abs( URI->new_abs( "$path$args", "$basepath$namespace" ), $base )
909 $res->query_form(%$params);
913 =head2 $c->welcome_message
915 Returns the Catalyst welcome HTML page.
919 sub welcome_message {
921 my $name = $c->config->{name};
922 my $logo = $c->uri_for('/static/images/catalyst_logo.png');
923 my $prefix = Catalyst::Utils::appprefix( ref $c );
924 $c->response->content_type('text/html; charset=utf-8');
926 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
927 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
928 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
930 <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en" />
931 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
932 <title>$name on Catalyst $VERSION</title>
933 <style type="text/css">
936 background-color: #eee;
945 background-color: #ccc;
946 border: 1px solid #aaa;
951 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
954 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
957 text-decoration: none;
959 border-bottom: 1px dotted #bbb;
961 :link:hover, :visited:hover {
974 background-color: #fff;
975 border: 1px solid #aaa;
1001 <h1><span id="appname">$name</span> on <a href="http://catalyst.perl.org">Catalyst</a>
1006 <img src="$logo" alt="Catalyst Logo" />
1008 <p>Welcome to the wonderful world of Catalyst.
1009 This <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MVC">MVC</a>
1010 framework will make web development something you had
1011 never expected it to be: Fun, rewarding, and quick.</p>
1012 <h2>What to do now?</h2>
1013 <p>That really depends on what <b>you</b> want to do.
1014 We do, however, provide you with a few starting points.</p>
1015 <p>If you want to jump right into web development with Catalyst
1016 you might want to check out the documentation.</p>
1017 <pre><code>perldoc <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/dist/Catalyst/lib/Catalyst/Manual/Intro.pod">Catalyst::Manual::Intro</a>
1018 perldoc <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/dist/Catalyst/lib/Catalyst/Manual/Tutorial.pod">Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial</a></code>
1019 perldoc <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/dist/Catalyst/lib/Catalyst/Manual.pod">Catalyst::Manual</a></code></pre>
1020 <h2>What to do next?</h2>
1021 <p>Next it's time to write an actual application. Use the
1022 helper scripts to generate <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AController%3A%3A&mode=all">controllers</a>,
1023 <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AModel%3A%3A&mode=all">models</a>, and
1024 <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AView%3A%3A&mode=all">views</a>;
1025 they can save you a lot of work.</p>
1026 <pre><code>script/${prefix}_create.pl -help</code></pre>
1027 <p>Also, be sure to check out the vast and growing
1028 collection of <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3APlugin%3A%3A&mode=all">plugins for Catalyst on CPAN</a>;
1029 you are likely to find what you need there.
1033 <p>Catalyst has a very active community. Here are the main places to
1034 get in touch with us.</p>
1037 <a href="http://dev.catalyst.perl.org">Wiki</a>
1040 <a href="http://lists.rawmode.org/mailman/listinfo/catalyst">Mailing-List</a>
1043 <a href="irc://irc.perl.org/catalyst">IRC channel #catalyst on irc.perl.org</a>
1046 <h2>In conclusion</h2>
1047 <p>The Catalyst team hopes you will enjoy using Catalyst as much
1048 as we enjoyed making it. Please contact us if you have ideas
1049 for improvement or other feedback.</p>
1057 =head1 INTERNAL METHODS
1059 These methods are not meant to be used by end users.
1061 =head2 $c->components
1063 Returns a hash of components.
1065 =head2 $c->context_class
1067 Returns or sets the context class.
1071 Returns a hashref containing coderefs and execution counts (needed for
1072 deep recursion detection).
1076 Returns the number of actions on the current internal execution stack.
1080 Dispatches a request to actions.
1084 sub dispatch { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->dispatch( $c, @_ ) }
1086 =head2 $c->dispatcher_class
1088 Returns or sets the dispatcher class.
1090 =head2 $c->dump_these
1092 Returns a list of 2-element array references (name, structure) pairs
1093 that will be dumped on the error page in debug mode.
1099 [ Request => $c->req ],
1100 [ Response => $c->res ],
1101 [ Stash => $c->stash ],
1102 [ Config => $c->config ];
1105 =head2 $c->engine_class
1107 Returns or sets the engine class.
1109 =head2 $c->execute( $class, $coderef )
1111 Execute a coderef in given class and catch exceptions. Errors are available
1117 my ( $c, $class, $code ) = @_;
1118 $class = $c->component($class) || $class;
1121 if ( $c->depth >= $RECURSION ) {
1122 my $action = "$code";
1123 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /\-\>/;
1124 my $error = qq/Deep recursion detected calling "$action"/;
1125 $c->log->error($error);
1131 my $stats_info = $c->_stats_start_execute( $code ) if $c->debug;
1133 push( @{ $c->stack }, $code );
1135 eval { $c->state( &$code( $class, $c, @{ $c->req->args } ) || 0 ) };
1137 $c->_stats_finish_execute( $stats_info ) if $c->debug and $stats_info;
1139 my $last = pop( @{ $c->stack } );
1141 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1142 if ( $error eq $DETACH ) { die $DETACH if $c->depth > 1 }
1144 unless ( ref $error ) {
1146 my $class = $last->class;
1147 my $name = $last->name;
1148 $error = qq/Caught exception in $class->$name "$error"/;
1157 sub _stats_start_execute {
1158 my ( $c, $code ) = @_;
1160 return if ( ( $code->name =~ /^_.*/ )
1161 && ( !$c->config->{show_internal_actions} ) );
1163 $c->counter->{"$code"}++;
1165 my $action = "$code";
1166 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /->/;
1168 # determine if the call was the result of a forward
1169 # this is done by walking up the call stack and looking for a calling
1170 # sub of Catalyst::forward before the eval
1172 for my $index ( 2 .. 11 ) {
1174 if ( ( caller($index) )[0] eq 'Catalyst'
1175 && ( caller($index) )[3] eq '(eval)' );
1177 if ( ( caller($index) )[3] =~ /forward$/ ) {
1178 $callsub = ( caller($index) )[3];
1179 $action = "-> $action";
1184 my $node = Tree::Simple->new(
1187 elapsed => undef, # to be filled in later
1191 $node->setUID( "$code" . $c->counter->{"$code"} );
1193 # is this a root-level call or a forwarded call?
1194 if ( $callsub =~ /forward$/ ) {
1196 # forward, locate the caller
1197 if ( my $parent = $c->stack->[-1] ) {
1198 my $visitor = Tree::Simple::Visitor::FindByUID->new;
1199 $visitor->searchForUID(
1200 "$parent" . $c->counter->{"$parent"} );
1201 $c->stats->accept($visitor);
1202 if ( my $result = $visitor->getResult ) {
1203 $result->addChild($node);
1208 # forward with no caller may come from a plugin
1209 $c->stats->addChild($node);
1215 $c->stats->addChild($node);
1219 start => [gettimeofday],
1224 sub _stats_finish_execute {
1225 my ( $c, $info ) = @_;
1226 my $elapsed = tv_interval $info->{start};
1227 my $value = $info->{node}->getNodeValue;
1228 $value->{elapsed} = sprintf( '%fs', $elapsed );
1231 =head2 $c->_localize_fields( sub { }, \%keys );
1235 sub _localize_fields {
1236 my ( $c, $localized, $code ) = ( @_ );
1238 my $request = delete $localized->{request} || {};
1239 my $response = delete $localized->{response} || {};
1241 local @{ $c }{ keys %$localized } = values %$localized;
1242 local @{ $c->request }{ keys %$request } = values %$request;
1243 local @{ $c->response }{ keys %$response } = values %$response;
1250 Finalizes the request.
1257 for my $error ( @{ $c->error } ) {
1258 $c->log->error($error);
1261 # Allow engine to handle finalize flow (for POE)
1262 if ( $c->engine->can('finalize') ) {
1263 $c->engine->finalize($c);
1267 $c->finalize_uploads;
1270 if ( $#{ $c->error } >= 0 ) {
1274 $c->finalize_headers;
1277 if ( $c->request->method eq 'HEAD' ) {
1278 $c->response->body('');
1284 return $c->response->status;
1287 =head2 $c->finalize_body
1293 sub finalize_body { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_body( $c, @_ ) }
1295 =head2 $c->finalize_cookies
1301 sub finalize_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_cookies( $c, @_ ) }
1303 =head2 $c->finalize_error
1309 sub finalize_error { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_error( $c, @_ ) }
1311 =head2 $c->finalize_headers
1317 sub finalize_headers {
1320 # Check if we already finalized headers
1321 return if $c->response->{_finalized_headers};
1324 if ( my $location = $c->response->redirect ) {
1325 $c->log->debug(qq/Redirecting to "$location"/) if $c->debug;
1326 $c->response->header( Location => $location );
1330 if ( $c->response->body && !$c->response->content_length ) {
1332 # get the length from a filehandle
1333 if ( blessed( $c->response->body ) && $c->response->body->can('read') )
1335 if ( my $stat = stat $c->response->body ) {
1336 $c->response->content_length( $stat->size );
1339 $c->log->warn('Serving filehandle without a content-length');
1343 $c->response->content_length( bytes::length( $c->response->body ) );
1348 if ( $c->response->status =~ /^(1\d\d|[23]04)$/ ) {
1349 $c->response->headers->remove_header("Content-Length");
1350 $c->response->body('');
1353 $c->finalize_cookies;
1355 $c->engine->finalize_headers( $c, @_ );
1358 $c->response->{_finalized_headers} = 1;
1361 =head2 $c->finalize_output
1363 An alias for finalize_body.
1365 =head2 $c->finalize_read
1367 Finalizes the input after reading is complete.
1371 sub finalize_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_read( $c, @_ ) }
1373 =head2 $c->finalize_uploads
1375 Finalizes uploads. Cleans up any temporary files.
1379 sub finalize_uploads { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_uploads( $c, @_ ) }
1381 =head2 $c->get_action( $action, $namespace )
1383 Gets an action in a given namespace.
1387 sub get_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_action(@_) }
1389 =head2 $c->get_actions( $action, $namespace )
1391 Gets all actions of a given name in a namespace and all parent
1396 sub get_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_actions( $c, @_ ) }
1398 =head2 $c->handle_request( $class, @arguments )
1400 Called to handle each HTTP request.
1404 sub handle_request {
1405 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
1407 # Always expect worst case!
1410 if ($class->debug) {
1411 my $start = [gettimeofday];
1412 my $c = $class->prepare(@arguments);
1413 $c->stats(Tree::Simple->new);
1415 $status = $c->finalize;
1417 my $elapsed = tv_interval $start;
1418 $elapsed = sprintf '%f', $elapsed;
1419 my $av = sprintf '%.3f',
1420 ( $elapsed == 0 ? '??' : ( 1 / $elapsed ) );
1421 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 62, 'Action' ], [ 9, 'Time' ] );
1423 $c->stats->traverse(
1426 my $stat = $action->getNodeValue;
1427 $t->row( ( q{ } x $action->getDepth ) . $stat->{action} . $stat->{comment},
1428 $stat->{elapsed} || '??' );
1433 "Request took ${elapsed}s ($av/s)\n" . $t->draw );
1436 my $c = $class->prepare(@arguments);
1438 $status = $c->finalize;
1442 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1444 $class->log->error(qq/Caught exception in engine "$error"/);
1448 $class->log->_flush() if $class->log->can('_flush');
1452 =head2 $c->prepare( @arguments )
1454 Creates a Catalyst context from an engine-specific request (Apache, CGI,
1460 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
1462 $class->context_class( ref $class || $class ) unless $class->context_class;
1463 my $c = $class->context_class->new(
1467 request => $class->request_class->new(
1470 body_parameters => {},
1472 headers => HTTP::Headers->new,
1474 query_parameters => {},
1480 response => $class->response_class->new(
1484 headers => HTTP::Headers->new(),
1493 # For on-demand data
1494 $c->request->{_context} = $c;
1495 $c->response->{_context} = $c;
1496 weaken( $c->request->{_context} );
1497 weaken( $c->response->{_context} );
1500 my $secs = time - $START || 1;
1501 my $av = sprintf '%.3f', $COUNT / $secs;
1502 my $time = localtime time;
1503 $c->log->info("*** Request $COUNT ($av/s) [$$] [$time] ***");
1504 $c->res->headers->header( 'X-Catalyst' => $Catalyst::VERSION );
1507 # Allow engine to direct the prepare flow (for POE)
1508 if ( $c->engine->can('prepare') ) {
1509 $c->engine->prepare( $c, @arguments );
1512 $c->prepare_request(@arguments);
1513 $c->prepare_connection;
1514 $c->prepare_query_parameters;
1515 $c->prepare_headers;
1516 $c->prepare_cookies;
1520 $c->prepare_body unless $c->config->{parse_on_demand};
1523 my $method = $c->req->method || '';
1524 my $path = $c->req->path || '/';
1525 my $address = $c->req->address || '';
1527 $c->log->debug(qq/"$method" request for "$path" from "$address"/)
1535 =head2 $c->prepare_action
1537 Prepares action. See L<Catalyst::Dispatcher>.
1541 sub prepare_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->prepare_action( $c, @_ ) }
1543 =head2 $c->prepare_body
1545 Prepares message body.
1552 # Do we run for the first time?
1553 return if defined $c->request->{_body};
1555 # Initialize on-demand data
1556 $c->engine->prepare_body( $c, @_ );
1557 $c->prepare_parameters;
1558 $c->prepare_uploads;
1560 if ( $c->debug && keys %{ $c->req->body_parameters } ) {
1561 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 35, 'Parameter' ], [ 36, 'Value' ] );
1562 for my $key ( sort keys %{ $c->req->body_parameters } ) {
1563 my $param = $c->req->body_parameters->{$key};
1564 my $value = defined($param) ? $param : '';
1566 ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ? ( join ', ', @$value ) : $value );
1568 $c->log->debug( "Body Parameters are:\n" . $t->draw );
1572 =head2 $c->prepare_body_chunk( $chunk )
1574 Prepares a chunk of data before sending it to L<HTTP::Body>.
1576 See L<Catalyst::Engine>.
1580 sub prepare_body_chunk {
1582 $c->engine->prepare_body_chunk( $c, @_ );
1585 =head2 $c->prepare_body_parameters
1587 Prepares body parameters.
1591 sub prepare_body_parameters {
1593 $c->engine->prepare_body_parameters( $c, @_ );
1596 =head2 $c->prepare_connection
1598 Prepares connection.
1602 sub prepare_connection {
1604 $c->engine->prepare_connection( $c, @_ );
1607 =head2 $c->prepare_cookies
1613 sub prepare_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_cookies( $c, @_ ) }
1615 =head2 $c->prepare_headers
1621 sub prepare_headers { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_headers( $c, @_ ) }
1623 =head2 $c->prepare_parameters
1625 Prepares parameters.
1629 sub prepare_parameters {
1631 $c->prepare_body_parameters;
1632 $c->engine->prepare_parameters( $c, @_ );
1635 =head2 $c->prepare_path
1637 Prepares path and base.
1641 sub prepare_path { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_path( $c, @_ ) }
1643 =head2 $c->prepare_query_parameters
1645 Prepares query parameters.
1649 sub prepare_query_parameters {
1652 $c->engine->prepare_query_parameters( $c, @_ );
1654 if ( $c->debug && keys %{ $c->request->query_parameters } ) {
1655 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 35, 'Parameter' ], [ 36, 'Value' ] );
1656 for my $key ( sort keys %{ $c->req->query_parameters } ) {
1657 my $param = $c->req->query_parameters->{$key};
1658 my $value = defined($param) ? $param : '';
1660 ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ? ( join ', ', @$value ) : $value );
1662 $c->log->debug( "Query Parameters are:\n" . $t->draw );
1666 =head2 $c->prepare_read
1668 Prepares the input for reading.
1672 sub prepare_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_read( $c, @_ ) }
1674 =head2 $c->prepare_request
1676 Prepares the engine request.
1680 sub prepare_request { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_request( $c, @_ ) }
1682 =head2 $c->prepare_uploads
1688 sub prepare_uploads {
1691 $c->engine->prepare_uploads( $c, @_ );
1693 if ( $c->debug && keys %{ $c->request->uploads } ) {
1694 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new(
1695 [ 12, 'Parameter' ],
1700 for my $key ( sort keys %{ $c->request->uploads } ) {
1701 my $upload = $c->request->uploads->{$key};
1702 for my $u ( ref $upload eq 'ARRAY' ? @{$upload} : ($upload) ) {
1703 $t->row( $key, $u->filename, $u->type, $u->size );
1706 $c->log->debug( "File Uploads are:\n" . $t->draw );
1710 =head2 $c->prepare_write
1712 Prepares the output for writing.
1716 sub prepare_write { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_write( $c, @_ ) }
1718 =head2 $c->request_class
1720 Returns or sets the request class.
1722 =head2 $c->response_class
1724 Returns or sets the response class.
1726 =head2 $c->read( [$maxlength] )
1728 Reads a chunk of data from the request body. This method is designed to
1729 be used in a while loop, reading C<$maxlength> bytes on every call.
1730 C<$maxlength> defaults to the size of the request if not specified.
1732 You have to set C<MyApp-E<gt>config-E<gt>{parse_on_demand}> to use this
1737 sub read { my $c = shift; return $c->engine->read( $c, @_ ) }
1745 sub run { my $c = shift; return $c->engine->run( $c, @_ ) }
1747 =head2 $c->set_action( $action, $code, $namespace, $attrs )
1749 Sets an action in a given namespace.
1753 sub set_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->set_action( $c, @_ ) }
1755 =head2 $c->setup_actions($component)
1757 Sets up actions for a component.
1761 sub setup_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->setup_actions( $c, @_ ) }
1763 =head2 $c->setup_components
1765 Sets up components. Specify a C<setup_components> config option to pass additional options
1766 directly to L<Module::Pluggable>. To add additional search paths, specify a key named
1767 C<search_extra> as an array reference. Items in the array beginning with C<::> will have the
1768 application class name prepended to them.
1772 sub setup_components {
1775 my @paths = qw( ::Controller ::C ::Model ::M ::View ::V );
1776 my $config = $class->config->{ setup_components };
1777 my $extra = delete $config->{ search_extra } || [];
1779 push @paths, @$extra;
1781 my $locator = Module::Pluggable::Object->new(
1782 search_path => [ map { s/^(?=::)/$class/; $_; } @paths ],
1786 for my $component ( sort { length $a <=> length $b } $locator->plugins ) {
1787 Catalyst::Utils::ensure_class_loaded( $component );
1789 my $module = $class->setup_component( $component );
1791 $component => $module,
1793 $_ => $class->setup_component( $_ )
1794 } Devel::InnerPackage::list_packages( $component )
1797 for my $key ( keys %modules ) {
1798 $class->components->{ $key } = $modules{ $key };
1803 =head2 $c->setup_component
1807 sub setup_component {
1808 my( $class, $component ) = @_;
1810 unless ( $component->can( 'COMPONENT' ) ) {
1814 my $suffix = Catalyst::Utils::class2classsuffix( $component );
1815 my $config = $class->config->{ $suffix } || {};
1817 my $instance = eval { $component->COMPONENT( $class, $config ); };
1819 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1821 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
1822 message => qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", "$error"/
1826 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
1828 qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", "COMPONENT() didn't return an object-like value"/
1829 ) unless eval { $instance->can( 'can' ) };
1834 =head2 $c->setup_dispatcher
1840 sub setup_dispatcher {
1841 my ( $class, $dispatcher ) = @_;
1844 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $dispatcher;
1847 if ( $ENV{CATALYST_DISPATCHER} ) {
1848 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $ENV{CATALYST_DISPATCHER};
1851 if ( $ENV{ uc($class) . '_DISPATCHER' } ) {
1853 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $ENV{ uc($class) . '_DISPATCHER' };
1856 unless ($dispatcher) {
1857 $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher_class;
1860 unless (Class::Inspector->loaded($dispatcher)) {
1861 require Class::Inspector->filename($dispatcher);
1864 # dispatcher instance
1865 $class->dispatcher( $dispatcher->new );
1868 =head2 $c->setup_engine
1875 my ( $class, $engine ) = @_;
1878 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::' . $engine;
1881 if ( $ENV{CATALYST_ENGINE} ) {
1882 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::' . $ENV{CATALYST_ENGINE};
1885 if ( $ENV{ uc($class) . '_ENGINE' } ) {
1886 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::' . $ENV{ uc($class) . '_ENGINE' };
1889 if ( $ENV{MOD_PERL} ) {
1891 # create the apache method
1894 *{"$class\::apache"} = sub { shift->engine->apache };
1897 my ( $software, $version ) =
1898 $ENV{MOD_PERL} =~ /^(\S+)\/(\d+(?:[\.\_]\d+)+)/;
1901 $version =~ s/(\.[^.]+)\./$1/g;
1903 if ( $software eq 'mod_perl' ) {
1907 if ( $version >= 1.99922 ) {
1908 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Apache2::MP20';
1911 elsif ( $version >= 1.9901 ) {
1912 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Apache2::MP19';
1915 elsif ( $version >= 1.24 ) {
1916 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Apache::MP13';
1920 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
1921 qq/Unsupported mod_perl version: $ENV{MOD_PERL}/ );
1926 # install the correct mod_perl handler
1927 if ( $version >= 1.9901 ) {
1928 *handler = sub : method {
1929 shift->handle_request(@_);
1933 *handler = sub ($$) { shift->handle_request(@_) };
1938 elsif ( $software eq 'Zeus-Perl' ) {
1939 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Zeus';
1943 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
1944 message => qq/Unsupported mod_perl: $ENV{MOD_PERL}/ );
1949 $engine = $class->engine_class;
1952 unless (Class::Inspector->loaded($engine)) {
1953 require Class::Inspector->filename($engine);
1956 # check for old engines that are no longer compatible
1958 if ( $engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Apache')
1959 && !Catalyst::Engine::Apache->VERSION )
1964 elsif ( $engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Server::Base')
1965 && Catalyst::Engine::Server->VERSION le '0.02' )
1970 elsif ($engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::HTTP::POE')
1971 && $engine->VERSION eq '0.01' )
1976 elsif ($engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Zeus')
1977 && $engine->VERSION eq '0.01' )
1983 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
1984 qq/Engine "$engine" is not supported by this version of Catalyst/
1989 $class->engine( $engine->new );
1992 =head2 $c->setup_home
1994 Sets up the home directory.
1999 my ( $class, $home ) = @_;
2001 if ( $ENV{CATALYST_HOME} ) {
2002 $home = $ENV{CATALYST_HOME};
2005 if ( $ENV{ uc($class) . '_HOME' } ) {
2006 $home = $ENV{ uc($class) . '_HOME' };
2010 $home = Catalyst::Utils::home($class);
2014 $class->config->{home} ||= $home;
2015 $class->config->{root} ||= Path::Class::Dir->new($home)->subdir('root');
2019 =head2 $c->setup_log
2026 my ( $class, $debug ) = @_;
2028 unless ( $class->log ) {
2029 $class->log( Catalyst::Log->new );
2032 my $app_flag = Catalyst::Utils::class2env($class) . '_DEBUG';
2035 ( defined( $ENV{CATALYST_DEBUG} ) || defined( $ENV{$app_flag} ) )
2036 ? ( $ENV{CATALYST_DEBUG} || $ENV{$app_flag} )
2041 *{"$class\::debug"} = sub { 1 };
2042 $class->log->debug('Debug messages enabled');
2046 =head2 $c->setup_plugins
2052 =head2 $c->registered_plugins
2054 Returns a sorted list of the plugins which have either been stated in the
2055 import list or which have been added via C<< MyApp->plugin(@args); >>.
2057 If passed a given plugin name, it will report a boolean value indicating
2058 whether or not that plugin is loaded. A fully qualified name is required if
2059 the plugin name does not begin with C<Catalyst::Plugin::>.
2061 if ($c->registered_plugins('Some::Plugin')) {
2069 sub registered_plugins {
2071 return sort keys %{ $proto->_plugins } unless @_;
2073 return 1 if exists $proto->_plugins->{$plugin};
2074 return exists $proto->_plugins->{"Catalyst::Plugin::$plugin"};
2077 sub _register_plugin {
2078 my ( $proto, $plugin, $instant ) = @_;
2079 my $class = ref $proto || $proto;
2081 unless (Class::Inspector->loaded($plugin)) {
2082 require Class::Inspector->filename($plugin);
2085 $proto->_plugins->{$plugin} = 1;
2088 unshift @{"$class\::ISA"}, $plugin;
2094 my ( $class, $plugins ) = @_;
2096 $class->_plugins( {} ) unless $class->_plugins;
2098 for my $plugin ( reverse @$plugins ) {
2100 unless ( $plugin =~ s/\A\+// ) {
2101 $plugin = "Catalyst::Plugin::$plugin";
2104 $class->_register_plugin($plugin);
2111 Returns an arrayref of the internal execution stack (actions that are currently
2114 =head2 $c->write( $data )
2116 Writes $data to the output stream. When using this method directly, you
2117 will need to manually set the C<Content-Length> header to the length of
2118 your output data, if known.
2125 # Finalize headers if someone manually writes output
2126 $c->finalize_headers;
2128 return $c->engine->write( $c, @_ );
2133 Returns the Catalyst version number. Mostly useful for "powered by"
2134 messages in template systems.
2138 sub version { return $Catalyst::VERSION }
2140 =head1 INTERNAL ACTIONS
2142 Catalyst uses internal actions like C<_DISPATCH>, C<_BEGIN>, C<_AUTO>,
2143 C<_ACTION>, and C<_END>. These are by default not shown in the private
2144 action table, but you can make them visible with a config parameter.
2146 MyApp->config->{show_internal_actions} = 1;
2148 =head1 CASE SENSITIVITY
2150 By default Catalyst is not case sensitive, so C<MyApp::C::FOO::Bar> is
2151 mapped to C</foo/bar>. You can activate case sensitivity with a config
2154 MyApp->config->{case_sensitive} = 1;
2156 This causes C<MyApp::C::Foo::Bar> to map to C</Foo/Bar>.
2158 =head1 ON-DEMAND PARSER
2160 The request body is usually parsed at the beginning of a request,
2161 but if you want to handle input yourself or speed things up a bit,
2162 you can enable on-demand parsing with a config parameter.
2164 MyApp->config->{parse_on_demand} = 1;
2166 =head1 PROXY SUPPORT
2168 Many production servers operate using the common double-server approach,
2169 with a lightweight frontend web server passing requests to a larger
2170 backend server. An application running on the backend server must deal
2171 with two problems: the remote user always appears to be C<127.0.0.1> and
2172 the server's hostname will appear to be C<localhost> regardless of the
2173 virtual host that the user connected through.
2175 Catalyst will automatically detect this situation when you are running
2176 the frontend and backend servers on the same machine. The following
2177 changes are made to the request.
2179 $c->req->address is set to the user's real IP address, as read from
2180 the HTTP X-Forwarded-For header.
2182 The host value for $c->req->base and $c->req->uri is set to the real
2183 host, as read from the HTTP X-Forwarded-Host header.
2185 Obviously, your web server must support these headers for this to work.
2187 In a more complex server farm environment where you may have your
2188 frontend proxy server(s) on different machines, you will need to set a
2189 configuration option to tell Catalyst to read the proxied data from the
2192 MyApp->config->{using_frontend_proxy} = 1;
2194 If you do not wish to use the proxy support at all, you may set:
2196 MyApp->config->{ignore_frontend_proxy} = 1;
2198 =head1 THREAD SAFETY
2200 Catalyst has been tested under Apache 2's threading mpm_worker, mpm_winnt,
2201 and the standalone forking HTTP server on Windows. We believe the Catalyst
2202 core to be thread-safe.
2204 If you plan to operate in a threaded environment, remember that all other
2205 modules you are using must also be thread-safe. Some modules, most notably
2206 L<DBD::SQLite>, are not thread-safe.
2212 Join #catalyst on irc.perl.org.
2216 http://lists.rawmode.org/mailman/listinfo/catalyst
2217 http://lists.rawmode.org/mailman/listinfo/catalyst-dev
2221 http://catalyst.perl.org
2225 http://dev.catalyst.perl.org
2229 =head2 L<Task::Catalyst> - All you need to start with Catalyst
2231 =head2 L<Catalyst::Manual> - The Catalyst Manual
2233 =head2 L<Catalyst::Component>, L<Catalyst::Base> - Base classes for components
2235 =head2 L<Catalyst::Engine> - Core engine
2237 =head2 L<Catalyst::Log> - Log class.
2239 =head2 L<Catalyst::Request> - Request object
2241 =head2 L<Catalyst::Response> - Response object
2243 =head2 L<Catalyst::Test> - The test suite.
2315 Sebastian Riedel, C<sri@oook.de>
2319 This library is free software, you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
2320 the same terms as Perl itself.