4 use base 'Catalyst::Component';
6 use Catalyst::Exception;
9 use Catalyst::Request::Upload;
10 use Catalyst::Response;
12 use Catalyst::Controller;
13 use Devel::InnerPackage ();
15 use Module::Pluggable::Object ();
17 use Text::SimpleTable ();
18 use Path::Class::Dir ();
19 use Path::Class::File ();
20 use Time::HiRes qw/gettimeofday tv_interval/;
24 use Scalar::Util qw/weaken blessed/;
25 use Tree::Simple qw/use_weak_refs/;
26 use Tree::Simple::Visitor::FindByUID;
29 use Carp qw/croak carp shortmess/;
31 BEGIN { require 5.008001; }
33 __PACKAGE__->mk_accessors(
34 qw/counter request response state action stack namespace stats/
37 sub depth { scalar @{ shift->stack || [] }; }
44 # For backwards compatibility
45 *finalize_output = \&finalize_body;
50 our $RECURSION = 1000;
51 our $DETACH = "catalyst_detach\n";
52 our $GO = "catalyst_go\n";
54 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata($_)
55 for qw/components arguments dispatcher engine log dispatcher_class
56 engine_class context_class request_class response_class stats_class
59 __PACKAGE__->dispatcher_class('Catalyst::Dispatcher');
60 __PACKAGE__->engine_class('Catalyst::Engine::CGI');
61 __PACKAGE__->request_class('Catalyst::Request');
62 __PACKAGE__->response_class('Catalyst::Response');
63 __PACKAGE__->stats_class('Catalyst::Stats');
65 # Remember to update this in Catalyst::Runtime as well!
67 our $VERSION = '5.7099_04';
70 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
72 # We have to limit $class to Catalyst to avoid pushing Catalyst upon every
74 return unless $class eq 'Catalyst';
76 my $caller = caller(0);
78 unless ( $caller->isa('Catalyst') ) {
80 push @{"$caller\::ISA"}, $class, 'Catalyst::Controller';
83 $caller->arguments( [@arguments] );
89 Catalyst - The Elegant MVC Web Application Framework
93 See the L<Catalyst::Manual> distribution for comprehensive
94 documentation and tutorials.
96 # Install Catalyst::Devel for helpers and other development tools
97 # use the helper to create a new application
100 # add models, views, controllers
101 script/myapp_create.pl model MyDatabase DBIC::Schema create=static dbi:SQLite:/path/to/db
102 script/myapp_create.pl view MyTemplate TT
103 script/myapp_create.pl controller Search
105 # built in testserver -- use -r to restart automatically on changes
106 # --help to see all available options
107 script/myapp_server.pl
109 # command line testing interface
110 script/myapp_test.pl /yada
113 use Catalyst qw/-Debug/; # include plugins here as well
115 ### In lib/MyApp/Controller/Root.pm (autocreated)
116 sub foo : Global { # called for /foo, /foo/1, /foo/1/2, etc.
117 my ( $self, $c, @args ) = @_; # args are qw/1 2/ for /foo/1/2
118 $c->stash->{template} = 'foo.tt'; # set the template
119 # lookup something from db -- stash vars are passed to TT
121 $c->model('Database::Foo')->search( { country => $args[0] } );
122 if ( $c->req->params->{bar} ) { # access GET or POST parameters
123 $c->forward( 'bar' ); # process another action
124 # do something else after forward returns
128 # The foo.tt TT template can use the stash data from the database
129 [% WHILE (item = data.next) %]
133 # called for /bar/of/soap, /bar/of/soap/10, etc.
134 sub bar : Path('/bar/of/soap') { ... }
136 # called for all actions, from the top-most controller downwards
138 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
139 if ( !$c->user_exists ) { # Catalyst::Plugin::Authentication
140 $c->res->redirect( '/login' ); # require login
141 return 0; # abort request and go immediately to end()
143 return 1; # success; carry on to next action
146 # called after all actions are finished
148 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
149 if ( scalar @{ $c->error } ) { ... } # handle errors
150 return if $c->res->body; # already have a response
151 $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' ); # render template
154 ### in MyApp/Controller/Foo.pm
155 # called for /foo/bar
156 sub bar : Local { ... }
158 # called for /blargle
159 sub blargle : Global { ... }
161 # an index action matches /foo, but not /foo/1, etc.
162 sub index : Private { ... }
164 ### in MyApp/Controller/Foo/Bar.pm
165 # called for /foo/bar/baz
166 sub baz : Local { ... }
168 # first Root auto is called, then Foo auto, then this
169 sub auto : Private { ... }
171 # powerful regular expression paths are also possible
172 sub details : Regex('^product/(\w+)/details$') {
173 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
174 # extract the (\w+) from the URI
175 my $product = $c->req->captures->[0];
178 See L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro> for additional information.
182 Catalyst is a modern framework for making web applications without the
183 pain usually associated with this process. This document is a reference
184 to the main Catalyst application. If you are a new user, we suggest you
185 start with L<Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial> or L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro>.
187 See L<Catalyst::Manual> for more documentation.
189 Catalyst plugins can be loaded by naming them as arguments to the "use
190 Catalyst" statement. Omit the C<Catalyst::Plugin::> prefix from the
191 plugin name, i.e., C<Catalyst::Plugin::My::Module> becomes
194 use Catalyst qw/My::Module/;
196 If your plugin starts with a name other than C<Catalyst::Plugin::>, you can
197 fully qualify the name by using a unary plus:
201 +Fully::Qualified::Plugin::Name
204 Special flags like C<-Debug> and C<-Engine> can also be specified as
205 arguments when Catalyst is loaded:
207 use Catalyst qw/-Debug My::Module/;
209 The position of plugins and flags in the chain is important, because
210 they are loaded in the order in which they appear.
212 The following flags are supported:
216 Enables debug output. You can also force this setting from the system
217 environment with CATALYST_DEBUG or <MYAPP>_DEBUG. The environment
218 settings override the application, with <MYAPP>_DEBUG having the highest
223 Forces Catalyst to use a specific engine. Omit the
224 C<Catalyst::Engine::> prefix of the engine name, i.e.:
226 use Catalyst qw/-Engine=CGI/;
230 Forces Catalyst to use a specific home directory, e.g.:
232 use Catalyst qw[-Home=/usr/mst];
234 This can also be done in the shell environment by setting either the
235 C<CATALYST_HOME> environment variable or C<MYAPP_HOME>; where C<MYAPP>
236 is replaced with the uppercased name of your application, any "::" in
237 the name will be replaced with underscores, e.g. MyApp::Web should use
238 MYAPP_WEB_HOME. If both variables are set, the MYAPP_HOME one will be used.
246 Enables statistics collection and reporting. You can also force this setting
247 from the system environment with CATALYST_STATS or <MYAPP>_STATS. The
248 environment settings override the application, with <MYAPP>_STATS having the
253 use Catalyst qw/-Stats=1/
257 =head2 INFORMATION ABOUT THE CURRENT REQUEST
261 Returns a L<Catalyst::Action> object for the current action, which
262 stringifies to the action name. See L<Catalyst::Action>.
266 Returns the namespace of the current action, i.e., the URI prefix
267 corresponding to the controller of the current action. For example:
269 # in Controller::Foo::Bar
270 $c->namespace; # returns 'foo/bar';
276 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Request> object, giving access to
277 information about the current client request (including parameters,
278 cookies, HTTP headers, etc.). See L<Catalyst::Request>.
280 =head2 REQUEST FLOW HANDLING
282 =head2 $c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )
284 =head2 $c->forward( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
286 Forwards processing to another action, by its private name. If you give a
287 class name but no method, C<process()> is called. You may also optionally
288 pass arguments in an arrayref. The action will receive the arguments in
289 C<@_> and C<< $c->req->args >>. Upon returning from the function,
290 C<< $c->req->args >> will be restored to the previous values.
292 Any data C<return>ed from the action forwarded to, will be returned by the
295 my $foodata = $c->forward('/foo');
296 $c->forward('index');
297 $c->forward(qw/MyApp::Model::DBIC::Foo do_stuff/);
298 $c->forward('MyApp::View::TT');
300 Note that forward implies an C<<eval { }>> around the call (actually
301 C<execute> does), thus de-fatalizing all 'dies' within the called
302 action. If you want C<die> to propagate you need to do something like:
305 die $c->error if $c->error;
307 Or make sure to always return true values from your actions and write
310 $c->forward('foo') || return;
314 sub forward { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->forward( $c, @_ ) }
316 =head2 $c->detach( $action [, \@arguments ] )
318 =head2 $c->detach( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
322 The same as C<forward>, but doesn't return to the previous action when
323 processing is finished.
325 When called with no arguments it escapes the processing chain entirely.
329 sub detach { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->detach( $c, @_ ) }
331 =head2 $c->visit( $action [, \@arguments ] )
333 =head2 $c->visit( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
335 Almost the same as C<forward>, but does a full dispatch, instead of just
336 calling the new C<$action> / C<$class-E<gt>$method>. This means that C<begin>,
337 C<auto> and the method you go to are called, just like a new request.
339 In addition both C<< $c->action >> and C<< $c->namespace >> are localized.
340 This means, for example, that $c->action methods such as C<name>, C<class> and
341 C<reverse> return information for the visited action when they are invoked
342 within the visited action. This is different from the behavior of C<forward>
343 which continues to use the $c->action object from the caller action even when
344 invoked from the callee.
346 C<$c-E<gt>stash> is kept unchanged.
348 In effect, C<visit> allows you to "wrap" another action, just as it
349 would have been called by dispatching from a URL, while the analogous
350 C<go> allows you to transfer control to another action as if it had
351 been reached directly from a URL.
355 sub visit { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->visit( $c, @_ ) }
357 =head2 $c->go( $action [, \@arguments ] )
359 =head2 $c->go( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
361 Almost the same as C<detach>, but does a full dispatch like C<visit>,
362 instead of just calling the new C<$action> /
363 C<$class-E<gt>$method>. This means that C<begin>, C<auto> and the
364 method you visit are called, just like a new request.
366 C<$c-E<gt>stash> is kept unchanged.
370 sub go { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->go( $c, @_ ) }
376 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Response> object, see there for details.
380 Returns a hashref to the stash, which may be used to store data and pass
381 it between components during a request. You can also set hash keys by
382 passing arguments. The stash is automatically sent to the view. The
383 stash is cleared at the end of a request; it cannot be used for
384 persistent storage (for this you must use a session; see
385 L<Catalyst::Plugin::Session> for a complete system integrated with
388 $c->stash->{foo} = $bar;
389 $c->stash( { moose => 'majestic', qux => 0 } );
390 $c->stash( bar => 1, gorch => 2 ); # equivalent to passing a hashref
392 # stash is automatically passed to the view for use in a template
393 $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' );
400 my $stash = @_ > 1 ? {@_} : $_[0];
401 croak('stash takes a hash or hashref') unless ref $stash;
402 foreach my $key ( keys %$stash ) {
403 $c->{stash}->{$key} = $stash->{$key};
411 =head2 $c->error($error, ...)
413 =head2 $c->error($arrayref)
415 Returns an arrayref containing error messages. If Catalyst encounters an
416 error while processing a request, it stores the error in $c->error. This
417 method should only be used to store fatal error messages.
419 my @error = @{ $c->error };
423 $c->error('Something bad happened');
430 my $error = ref $_[0] eq 'ARRAY' ? $_[0] : [@_];
431 croak @$error unless ref $c;
432 push @{ $c->{error} }, @$error;
434 elsif ( defined $_[0] ) { $c->{error} = undef }
435 return $c->{error} || [];
441 Contains the return value of the last executed action.
443 =head2 $c->clear_errors
445 Clear errors. You probably don't want to clear the errors unless you are
446 implementing a custom error screen.
448 This is equivalent to running
459 # search components given a name and some prefixes
460 sub _comp_search_prefixes {
461 my ( $c, $name, @prefixes ) = @_;
462 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
463 my $filter = "^${appclass}::(" . join( '|', @prefixes ) . ')::';
465 # map the original component name to the sub part that we will search against
466 my %eligible = map { my $n = $_; $n =~ s{^$appclass\::[^:]+::}{}; $_ => $n; }
467 grep { /$filter/ } keys %{ $c->components };
469 # undef for a name will return all
470 return keys %eligible if !defined $name;
472 my $query = ref $name ? $name : qr/^$name$/i;
473 my @result = grep { $eligible{$_} =~ m{$query} } keys %eligible;
475 return map { $c->components->{ $_ } } @result if @result;
477 # if we were given a regexp to search against, we're done.
482 @result = map { $c->components->{ $_ } } grep { $eligible{ $_ } =~ m{$query} } keys %eligible;
484 # no results? try against full names
486 @result = map { $c->components->{ $_ } } grep { m{$query} } keys %eligible;
489 # don't warn if we didn't find any results, it just might not exist
491 my $msg = "Used regexp fallback for \$c->model('${name}'), which found '" .
492 (join '", "', @result) . "'. Relying on regexp fallback behavior for " .
493 "component resolution is unreliable and unsafe.";
494 my $short = $result[0];
495 $short =~ s/.*?Model:://;
496 my $shortmess = Carp::shortmess('');
497 if ($shortmess =~ m#Catalyst/Plugin#) {
498 $msg .= " You probably need to set '$short' instead of '${name}' in this " .
500 } elsif ($shortmess =~ m#Catalyst/lib/(View|Controller)#) {
501 $msg .= " You probably need to set '$short' instead of '${name}' in this " .
502 "component's config";
504 $msg .= " You probably meant \$c->model('$short') instead of \$c->model{'${name}'}, " .
505 "but if you really wanted to search, pass in a regexp as the argument " .
506 "like so: \$c->model(qr/${name}/)";
508 $c->log->warn( "${msg}$shortmess" );
514 # Find possible names for a prefix
516 my ( $c, @prefixes ) = @_;
517 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
519 my $filter = "^${appclass}::(" . join( '|', @prefixes ) . ')::';
521 my @names = map { s{$filter}{}; $_; } $c->_comp_search_prefixes( undef, @prefixes );
525 # Filter a component before returning by calling ACCEPT_CONTEXT if available
526 sub _filter_component {
527 my ( $c, $comp, @args ) = @_;
529 if ( eval { $comp->can('ACCEPT_CONTEXT'); } ) {
530 return $comp->ACCEPT_CONTEXT( $c, @args );
536 =head2 COMPONENT ACCESSORS
538 =head2 $c->controller($name)
540 Gets a L<Catalyst::Controller> instance by name.
542 $c->controller('Foo')->do_stuff;
544 If the name is omitted, will return the controller for the dispatched
547 If you want to search for controllers, pass in a regexp as the argument.
549 # find all controllers that start with Foo
550 my @foo_controllers = $c->controller(qr{^Foo});
556 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
559 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Controller C/ );
560 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
561 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
564 return $c->component( $c->action->class );
567 =head2 $c->model($name)
569 Gets a L<Catalyst::Model> instance by name.
571 $c->model('Foo')->do_stuff;
573 Any extra arguments are directly passed to ACCEPT_CONTEXT.
575 If the name is omitted, it will look for
576 - a model object in $c->stash->{current_model_instance}, then
577 - a model name in $c->stash->{current_model}, then
578 - a config setting 'default_model', or
579 - check if there is only one model, and return it if that's the case.
581 If you want to search for models, pass in a regexp as the argument.
583 # find all models that start with Foo
584 my @foo_models = $c->model(qr{^Foo});
589 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
592 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Model M/ );
593 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
594 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
598 return $c->stash->{current_model_instance}
599 if $c->stash->{current_model_instance};
600 return $c->model( $c->stash->{current_model} )
601 if $c->stash->{current_model};
603 return $c->model( $c->config->{default_model} )
604 if $c->config->{default_model};
606 my( $comp, $rest ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( undef, qw/Model M/);
609 $c->log->warn( Carp::shortmess('Calling $c->model() will return a random model unless you specify one of:') );
610 $c->log->warn( '* $c->config->{default_model} # the name of the default model to use' );
611 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_model} # the name of the model to use for this request' );
612 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_model_instance} # the instance of the model to use for this request' );
613 $c->log->warn( 'NB: in version 5.80, the "random" behavior will not work at all.' );
616 return $c->_filter_component( $comp );
620 =head2 $c->view($name)
622 Gets a L<Catalyst::View> instance by name.
624 $c->view('Foo')->do_stuff;
626 Any extra arguments are directly passed to ACCEPT_CONTEXT.
628 If the name is omitted, it will look for
629 - a view object in $c->stash->{current_view_instance}, then
630 - a view name in $c->stash->{current_view}, then
631 - a config setting 'default_view', or
632 - check if there is only one view, and return it if that's the case.
634 If you want to search for views, pass in a regexp as the argument.
636 # find all views that start with Foo
637 my @foo_views = $c->view(qr{^Foo});
642 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
645 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/View V/ );
646 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
647 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
651 return $c->stash->{current_view_instance}
652 if $c->stash->{current_view_instance};
653 return $c->view( $c->stash->{current_view} )
654 if $c->stash->{current_view};
656 return $c->view( $c->config->{default_view} )
657 if $c->config->{default_view};
659 my( $comp, $rest ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( undef, qw/View V/);
662 $c->log->warn( 'Calling $c->view() will return a random view unless you specify one of:' );
663 $c->log->warn( '* $c->config->{default_view} # the name of the default view to use' );
664 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_view} # the name of the view to use for this request' );
665 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_view_instance} # the instance of the view to use for this request' );
666 $c->log->warn( 'NB: in version 5.80, the "random" behavior will not work at all.' );
669 return $c->_filter_component( $comp );
672 =head2 $c->controllers
674 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->controller
680 return $c->_comp_names(qw/Controller C/);
685 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->model
691 return $c->_comp_names(qw/Model M/);
697 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->view
703 return $c->_comp_names(qw/View V/);
706 =head2 $c->comp($name)
708 =head2 $c->component($name)
710 Gets a component object by name. This method is not recommended,
711 unless you want to get a specific component by full
712 class. C<< $c->controller >>, C<< $c->model >>, and C<< $c->view >>
713 should be used instead.
715 If C<$name> is a regexp, a list of components matched against the full
716 component name will be returned.
721 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
724 my $comps = $c->components;
727 # is it the exact name?
728 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{ $name }, @args )
729 if exists $comps->{ $name };
731 # perhaps we just omitted "MyApp"?
732 my $composed = ( ref $c || $c ) . "::${name}";
733 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{ $composed }, @args )
734 if exists $comps->{ $composed };
736 # search all of the models, views and controllers
737 my( $comp ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Model M Controller C View V/ );
738 return $c->_filter_component( $comp, @args ) if $comp;
741 # This is here so $c->comp( '::M::' ) works
742 my $query = ref $name ? $name : qr{$name}i;
744 my @result = grep { m{$query} } keys %{ $c->components };
745 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
748 $c->log->warn( Carp::shortmess(qq(Found results for "${name}" using regexp fallback)) );
749 $c->log->warn( 'Relying on the regexp fallback behavior for component resolution' );
750 $c->log->warn( 'is unreliable and unsafe. You have been warned' );
751 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
754 # I would expect to return an empty list here, but that breaks back-compat
758 return sort keys %{ $c->components };
761 =head2 CLASS DATA AND HELPER CLASSES
765 Returns or takes a hashref containing the application's configuration.
767 __PACKAGE__->config( { db => 'dsn:SQLite:foo.db' } );
769 You can also use a C<YAML>, C<XML> or C<Config::General> config file
770 like myapp.yml in your applications home directory. See
771 L<Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader>.
774 db: dsn:SQLite:foo.db
782 $c->log->warn("Setting config after setup has been run is not a good idea.")
783 if ( @_ and $c->setup_finished );
785 $c->NEXT::config(@_);
790 Returns the logging object instance. Unless it is already set, Catalyst
791 sets this up with a L<Catalyst::Log> object. To use your own log class,
792 set the logger with the C<< __PACKAGE__->log >> method prior to calling
793 C<< __PACKAGE__->setup >>.
795 __PACKAGE__->log( MyLogger->new );
800 $c->log->info( 'Now logging with my own logger!' );
802 Your log class should implement the methods described in
808 Overload to enable debug messages (same as -Debug option).
810 Note that this is a static method, not an accessor and should be overloaded
811 by declaring "sub debug { 1 }" in your MyApp.pm, not by calling $c->debug(1).
817 =head2 $c->dispatcher
819 Returns the dispatcher instance. Stringifies to class name. See
820 L<Catalyst::Dispatcher>.
824 Returns the engine instance. Stringifies to the class name. See
828 =head2 UTILITY METHODS
830 =head2 $c->path_to(@path)
832 Merges C<@path> with C<< $c->config->{home} >> and returns a
833 L<Path::Class::Dir> object.
837 $c->path_to( 'db', 'sqlite.db' );
842 my ( $c, @path ) = @_;
843 my $path = Path::Class::Dir->new( $c->config->{home}, @path );
844 if ( -d $path ) { return $path }
845 else { return Path::Class::File->new( $c->config->{home}, @path ) }
848 =head2 $c->plugin( $name, $class, @args )
850 Helper method for plugins. It creates a classdata accessor/mutator and
851 loads and instantiates the given class.
853 MyApp->plugin( 'prototype', 'HTML::Prototype' );
855 $c->prototype->define_javascript_functions;
860 my ( $class, $name, $plugin, @args ) = @_;
861 $class->_register_plugin( $plugin, 1 );
863 eval { $plugin->import };
864 $class->mk_classdata($name);
866 eval { $obj = $plugin->new(@args) };
869 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
870 qq/Couldn't instantiate instant plugin "$plugin", "$@"/ );
874 $class->log->debug(qq/Initialized instant plugin "$plugin" as "$name"/)
880 Initializes the dispatcher and engine, loads any plugins, and loads the
881 model, view, and controller components. You may also specify an array
882 of plugins to load here, if you choose to not load them in the C<use
886 MyApp->setup( qw/-Debug/ );
891 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
893 $class->log->warn("Running setup twice is not a good idea.")
894 if ( $class->setup_finished );
896 unless ( $class->isa('Catalyst') ) {
898 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
899 message => qq/'$class' does not inherit from Catalyst/ );
902 if ( $class->arguments ) {
903 @arguments = ( @arguments, @{ $class->arguments } );
909 foreach (@arguments) {
913 ( $flags->{log} ) ? 'debug,' . $flags->{log} : 'debug';
915 elsif (/^-(\w+)=?(.*)$/) {
916 $flags->{ lc $1 } = $2;
919 push @{ $flags->{plugins} }, $_;
923 $class->setup_home( delete $flags->{home} );
925 $class->setup_log( delete $flags->{log} );
926 $class->setup_plugins( delete $flags->{plugins} );
927 $class->setup_dispatcher( delete $flags->{dispatcher} );
928 $class->setup_engine( delete $flags->{engine} );
929 $class->setup_stats( delete $flags->{stats} );
931 for my $flag ( sort keys %{$flags} ) {
933 if ( my $code = $class->can( 'setup_' . $flag ) ) {
934 &$code( $class, delete $flags->{$flag} );
937 $class->log->warn(qq/Unknown flag "$flag"/);
941 eval { require Catalyst::Devel; };
942 if( !$@ && $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} && ( $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} < $Catalyst::Devel::CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN ) ) {
943 $class->log->warn(<<"EOF");
944 You are running an old script!
946 Please update by running (this will overwrite existing files):
947 catalyst.pl -force -scripts $class
949 or (this will not overwrite existing files):
950 catalyst.pl -scripts $class
955 if ( $class->debug ) {
956 my @plugins = map { "$_ " . ( $_->VERSION || '' ) } $class->registered_plugins;
959 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new(74);
960 $t->row($_) for @plugins;
961 $class->log->debug( "Loaded plugins:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" );
964 my $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher;
965 my $engine = $class->engine;
966 my $home = $class->config->{home};
968 $class->log->debug(qq/Loaded dispatcher "$dispatcher"/);
969 $class->log->debug(qq/Loaded engine "$engine"/);
973 ? $class->log->debug(qq/Found home "$home"/)
974 : $class->log->debug(qq/Home "$home" doesn't exist/)
975 : $class->log->debug(q/Couldn't find home/);
980 no warnings qw/redefine/;
981 local *setup = sub { };
985 # Initialize our data structure
986 $class->components( {} );
988 $class->setup_components;
990 if ( $class->debug ) {
991 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 63, 'Class' ], [ 8, 'Type' ] );
992 for my $comp ( sort keys %{ $class->components } ) {
993 my $type = ref $class->components->{$comp} ? 'instance' : 'class';
994 $t->row( $comp, $type );
996 $class->log->debug( "Loaded components:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" )
997 if ( keys %{ $class->components } );
1000 # Add our self to components, since we are also a component
1001 $class->components->{$class} = $class;
1003 $class->setup_actions;
1005 if ( $class->debug ) {
1006 my $name = $class->config->{name} || 'Application';
1007 $class->log->info("$name powered by Catalyst $Catalyst::VERSION");
1009 $class->log->_flush() if $class->log->can('_flush');
1011 $class->setup_finished(1);
1014 =head2 $c->uri_for( $action, \@captures?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1016 =head2 $c->uri_for( $path, @args?, \%query_values? )
1022 A Catalyst::Action object representing the Catalyst action you want to
1023 create a URI for. To get one for an action in the current controller,
1024 use C<< $c->action('someactionname') >>. To get one from different
1025 controller, fetch the controller using C<< $c->controller() >>, then
1026 call C<action_for> on it.
1028 This method must be used to create URIs for
1029 L<Catalyst::DispatchType::Chained> actions.
1033 The actual path you wish to create a URI for, this is a public path,
1034 not a private action path.
1038 If provided, this argument is used to insert values into a I<Chained>
1039 action in the parts where the definitions contain I<CaptureArgs>. If
1040 not needed, leave out this argument.
1044 If provided, this is used as a list of further path sections to append
1045 to the URI. In a I<Chained> action these are the equivalent to the
1048 =item \%query_values
1050 If provided, the query_values hashref is used to add query parameters
1051 to the URI, with the keys as the names, and the values as the values.
1055 Returns a L<URI> object.
1057 ## Ex 1: a path with args and a query parameter
1058 $c->uri_for('user/list', 'short', { page => 2});
1059 ## -> ($c->req->base is 'http://localhost:3000/'
1060 URI->new('http://localhost:3000/user/list/short?page=2)
1062 ## Ex 2: a chained view action that captures the user id
1064 sub user : Chained('/'): PathPart('myuser'): CaptureArgs(1) {}
1065 sub viewuser : Chained('user'): PathPart('view') {}
1067 ## In uri creating code:
1068 my $uaction = $c->controller('Users')->action_for('viewuser');
1069 $c->uri_for($uaction, [ 42 ]);
1071 URI->new('http://localhost:3000/myuser/42/view')
1073 Creates a URI object using C<< $c->request->base >> and a path. If an
1074 Action object is given instead of a path, the path is constructed
1075 using C<< $c->dispatcher->uri_for_action >> and passing it the
1076 @captures array, if supplied.
1078 If any query parameters are passed they are added to the end of the
1079 URI in the usual way.
1081 Note that uri_for is destructive to the passed query values hashref.
1082 Subsequent calls with the same hashref may have unintended results.
1087 my ( $c, $path, @args ) = @_;
1089 if ( Scalar::Util::blessed($path) ) { # action object
1090 my $captures = ( scalar @args && ref $args[0] eq 'ARRAY'
1093 $path = $c->dispatcher->uri_for_action($path, $captures);
1094 return undef unless defined($path);
1095 $path = '/' if $path eq '';
1098 undef($path) if (defined $path && $path eq '');
1101 ( scalar @args && ref $args[$#args] eq 'HASH' ? pop @args : {} );
1103 carp "uri_for called with undef argument" if grep { ! defined $_ } @args;
1104 s/([^$URI::uric])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go for @args;
1106 unshift(@args, $path);
1108 unless (defined $path && $path =~ s!^/!!) { # in-place strip
1109 my $namespace = $c->namespace;
1110 if (defined $path) { # cheesy hack to handle path '../foo'
1111 $namespace =~ s{(?:^|/)[^/]+$}{} while $args[0] =~ s{^\.\./}{};
1113 unshift(@args, $namespace || '');
1116 # join args with '/', or a blank string
1117 my $args = join('/', grep { defined($_) } @args);
1118 $args =~ s/\?/%3F/g; # STUPID STUPID SPECIAL CASE
1120 my $base = $c->req->base;
1121 my $class = ref($base);
1122 $base =~ s{(?<!/)$}{/};
1126 if (my @keys = keys %$params) {
1127 # somewhat lifted from URI::_query's query_form
1128 $query = '?'.join('&', map {
1129 my $val = $params->{$_};
1130 s/([;\/?:@&=+,\$\[\]%])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1133 $val = '' unless defined $val;
1136 utf8::encode( $_ ) if utf8::is_utf8($_);
1137 # using the URI::Escape pattern here so utf8 chars survive
1138 s/([^A-Za-z0-9\-_.!~*'() ])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1140 "${key}=$_"; } ( ref $val eq 'ARRAY' ? @$val : $val ));
1144 my $res = bless(\"${base}${args}${query}", $class);
1148 =head2 $c->welcome_message
1150 Returns the Catalyst welcome HTML page.
1154 sub welcome_message {
1156 my $name = $c->config->{name};
1157 my $logo = $c->uri_for('/static/images/catalyst_logo.png');
1158 my $prefix = Catalyst::Utils::appprefix( ref $c );
1159 $c->response->content_type('text/html; charset=utf-8');
1161 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
1162 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
1163 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
1165 <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en" />
1166 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
1167 <title>$name on Catalyst $VERSION</title>
1168 <style type="text/css">
1171 background-color: #eee;
1178 margin-bottom: 10px;
1180 background-color: #ccc;
1181 border: 1px solid #aaa;
1186 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
1189 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
1192 text-decoration: none;
1194 border-bottom: 1px dotted #bbb;
1196 :link:hover, :visited:hover {
1209 background-color: #fff;
1210 border: 1px solid #aaa;
1214 font-weight: normal;
1236 <h1><span id="appname">$name</span> on <a href="http://catalyst.perl.org">Catalyst</a>
1241 <img src="$logo" alt="Catalyst Logo" />
1243 <p>Welcome to the world of Catalyst.
1244 This <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MVC">MVC</a>
1245 framework will make web development something you had
1246 never expected it to be: Fun, rewarding, and quick.</p>
1247 <h2>What to do now?</h2>
1248 <p>That really depends on what <b>you</b> want to do.
1249 We do, however, provide you with a few starting points.</p>
1250 <p>If you want to jump right into web development with Catalyst
1251 you might want to start with a tutorial.</p>
1252 <pre>perldoc <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/dist/Catalyst-Manual/lib/Catalyst/Manual/Tutorial.pod">Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial</a></code>
1254 <p>Afterwards you can go on to check out a more complete look at our features.</p>
1256 <code>perldoc <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/dist/Catalyst-Manual/lib/Catalyst/Manual/Intro.pod">Catalyst::Manual::Intro</a>
1257 <!-- Something else should go here, but the Catalyst::Manual link seems unhelpful -->
1259 <h2>What to do next?</h2>
1260 <p>Next it's time to write an actual application. Use the
1261 helper scripts to generate <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AController%3A%3A&mode=all">controllers</a>,
1262 <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AModel%3A%3A&mode=all">models</a>, and
1263 <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AView%3A%3A&mode=all">views</a>;
1264 they can save you a lot of work.</p>
1265 <pre><code>script/${prefix}_create.pl -help</code></pre>
1266 <p>Also, be sure to check out the vast and growing
1267 collection of <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3APlugin%3A%3A&mode=all">plugins for Catalyst on CPAN</a>;
1268 you are likely to find what you need there.
1272 <p>Catalyst has a very active community. Here are the main places to
1273 get in touch with us.</p>
1276 <a href="http://dev.catalyst.perl.org">Wiki</a>
1279 <a href="http://lists.rawmode.org/mailman/listinfo/catalyst">Mailing-List</a>
1282 <a href="irc://irc.perl.org/catalyst">IRC channel #catalyst on irc.perl.org</a>
1285 <h2>In conclusion</h2>
1286 <p>The Catalyst team hopes you will enjoy using Catalyst as much
1287 as we enjoyed making it. Please contact us if you have ideas
1288 for improvement or other feedback.</p>
1296 =head1 INTERNAL METHODS
1298 These methods are not meant to be used by end users.
1300 =head2 $c->components
1302 Returns a hash of components.
1304 =head2 $c->context_class
1306 Returns or sets the context class.
1310 Returns a hashref containing coderefs and execution counts (needed for
1311 deep recursion detection).
1315 Returns the number of actions on the current internal execution stack.
1319 Dispatches a request to actions.
1323 sub dispatch { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->dispatch( $c, @_ ) }
1325 =head2 $c->dispatcher_class
1327 Returns or sets the dispatcher class.
1329 =head2 $c->dump_these
1331 Returns a list of 2-element array references (name, structure) pairs
1332 that will be dumped on the error page in debug mode.
1338 [ Request => $c->req ],
1339 [ Response => $c->res ],
1340 [ Stash => $c->stash ],
1341 [ Config => $c->config ];
1344 =head2 $c->engine_class
1346 Returns or sets the engine class.
1348 =head2 $c->execute( $class, $coderef )
1350 Execute a coderef in given class and catch exceptions. Errors are available
1356 my ( $c, $class, $code ) = @_;
1357 $class = $c->component($class) || $class;
1360 if ( $c->depth >= $RECURSION ) {
1361 my $action = "$code";
1362 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /->/;
1363 my $error = qq/Deep recursion detected calling "$action"/;
1364 $c->log->error($error);
1370 my $stats_info = $c->_stats_start_execute( $code ) if $c->use_stats;
1372 push( @{ $c->stack }, $code );
1374 eval { $c->state( &$code( $class, $c, @{ $c->req->args } ) || 0 ) };
1376 $c->_stats_finish_execute( $stats_info ) if $c->use_stats and $stats_info;
1378 my $last = pop( @{ $c->stack } );
1380 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1381 if ( !ref($error) and $error eq $DETACH ) {
1382 die $DETACH if($c->depth > 1);
1384 elsif ( !ref($error) and $error eq $GO ) {
1385 die $GO if($c->depth > 0);
1388 unless ( ref $error ) {
1389 no warnings 'uninitialized';
1391 my $class = $last->class;
1392 my $name = $last->name;
1393 $error = qq/Caught exception in $class->$name "$error"/;
1402 sub _stats_start_execute {
1403 my ( $c, $code ) = @_;
1405 return if ( ( $code->name =~ /^_.*/ )
1406 && ( !$c->config->{show_internal_actions} ) );
1408 $c->counter->{"$code"}++;
1410 my $action = "$code";
1411 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /->/;
1413 # determine if the call was the result of a forward
1414 # this is done by walking up the call stack and looking for a calling
1415 # sub of Catalyst::forward before the eval
1417 for my $index ( 2 .. 11 ) {
1419 if ( ( caller($index) )[0] eq 'Catalyst'
1420 && ( caller($index) )[3] eq '(eval)' );
1422 if ( ( caller($index) )[3] =~ /forward$/ ) {
1423 $callsub = ( caller($index) )[3];
1424 $action = "-> $action";
1429 my $uid = "$code" . $c->counter->{"$code"};
1431 # is this a root-level call or a forwarded call?
1432 if ( $callsub =~ /forward$/ ) {
1434 # forward, locate the caller
1435 if ( my $parent = $c->stack->[-1] ) {
1438 parent => "$parent" . $c->counter->{"$parent"},
1444 # forward with no caller may come from a plugin
1463 sub _stats_finish_execute {
1464 my ( $c, $info ) = @_;
1465 $c->stats->profile( end => $info );
1468 =head2 $c->_localize_fields( sub { }, \%keys );
1472 sub _localize_fields {
1473 my ( $c, $localized, $code ) = ( @_ );
1475 my $request = delete $localized->{request} || {};
1476 my $response = delete $localized->{response} || {};
1478 local @{ $c }{ keys %$localized } = values %$localized;
1479 local @{ $c->request }{ keys %$request } = values %$request;
1480 local @{ $c->response }{ keys %$response } = values %$response;
1487 Finalizes the request.
1494 for my $error ( @{ $c->error } ) {
1495 $c->log->error($error);
1498 # Allow engine to handle finalize flow (for POE)
1499 if ( $c->engine->can('finalize') ) {
1500 $c->engine->finalize($c);
1504 $c->finalize_uploads;
1507 if ( $#{ $c->error } >= 0 ) {
1511 $c->finalize_headers;
1514 if ( $c->request->method eq 'HEAD' ) {
1515 $c->response->body('');
1521 if ($c->use_stats) {
1522 my $elapsed = sprintf '%f', $c->stats->elapsed;
1523 my $av = $elapsed == 0 ? '??' : sprintf '%.3f', 1 / $elapsed;
1525 "Request took ${elapsed}s ($av/s)\n" . $c->stats->report . "\n" );
1528 return $c->response->status;
1531 =head2 $c->finalize_body
1537 sub finalize_body { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_body( $c, @_ ) }
1539 =head2 $c->finalize_cookies
1545 sub finalize_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_cookies( $c, @_ ) }
1547 =head2 $c->finalize_error
1553 sub finalize_error { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_error( $c, @_ ) }
1555 =head2 $c->finalize_headers
1561 sub finalize_headers {
1564 # Check if we already finalized headers
1565 return if $c->response->{_finalized_headers};
1568 if ( my $location = $c->response->redirect ) {
1569 $c->log->debug(qq/Redirecting to "$location"/) if $c->debug;
1570 $c->response->header( Location => $location );
1572 if ( !$c->response->body ) {
1573 # Add a default body if none is already present
1575 qq{<html><body><p>This item has moved <a href="$location">here</a>.</p></body></html>}
1581 if ( $c->response->body && !$c->response->content_length ) {
1583 # get the length from a filehandle
1584 if ( blessed( $c->response->body ) && $c->response->body->can('read') )
1586 my $stat = stat $c->response->body;
1587 if ( $stat && $stat->size > 0 ) {
1588 $c->response->content_length( $stat->size );
1591 $c->log->warn('Serving filehandle without a content-length');
1595 # everything should be bytes at this point, but just in case
1596 $c->response->content_length( bytes::length( $c->response->body ) );
1601 if ( $c->response->status =~ /^(1\d\d|[23]04)$/ ) {
1602 $c->response->headers->remove_header("Content-Length");
1603 $c->response->body('');
1606 $c->finalize_cookies;
1608 $c->engine->finalize_headers( $c, @_ );
1611 $c->response->{_finalized_headers} = 1;
1614 =head2 $c->finalize_output
1616 An alias for finalize_body.
1618 =head2 $c->finalize_read
1620 Finalizes the input after reading is complete.
1624 sub finalize_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_read( $c, @_ ) }
1626 =head2 $c->finalize_uploads
1628 Finalizes uploads. Cleans up any temporary files.
1632 sub finalize_uploads { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_uploads( $c, @_ ) }
1634 =head2 $c->get_action( $action, $namespace )
1636 Gets an action in a given namespace.
1640 sub get_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_action(@_) }
1642 =head2 $c->get_actions( $action, $namespace )
1644 Gets all actions of a given name in a namespace and all parent
1649 sub get_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_actions( $c, @_ ) }
1651 =head2 $c->handle_request( $class, @arguments )
1653 Called to handle each HTTP request.
1657 sub handle_request {
1658 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
1660 # Always expect worst case!
1663 if ($class->debug) {
1664 my $secs = time - $START || 1;
1665 my $av = sprintf '%.3f', $COUNT / $secs;
1666 my $time = localtime time;
1667 $class->log->info("*** Request $COUNT ($av/s) [$$] [$time] ***");
1670 my $c = $class->prepare(@arguments);
1672 $status = $c->finalize;
1675 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1677 $class->log->error(qq/Caught exception in engine "$error"/);
1681 $class->log->_flush() if $class->log->can('_flush');
1685 =head2 $c->prepare( @arguments )
1687 Creates a Catalyst context from an engine-specific request (Apache, CGI,
1693 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
1695 $class->context_class( ref $class || $class ) unless $class->context_class;
1696 my $c = $class->context_class->new(
1700 request => $class->request_class->new(
1703 body_parameters => {},
1705 headers => HTTP::Headers->new,
1707 query_parameters => {},
1713 response => $class->response_class->new(
1717 headers => HTTP::Headers->new(),
1726 $c->stats($class->stats_class->new)->enable($c->use_stats);
1728 $c->res->headers->header( 'X-Catalyst' => $Catalyst::VERSION );
1731 # For on-demand data
1732 $c->request->{_context} = $c;
1733 $c->response->{_context} = $c;
1734 weaken( $c->request->{_context} );
1735 weaken( $c->response->{_context} );
1737 # Allow engine to direct the prepare flow (for POE)
1738 if ( $c->engine->can('prepare') ) {
1739 $c->engine->prepare( $c, @arguments );
1742 $c->prepare_request(@arguments);
1743 $c->prepare_connection;
1744 $c->prepare_query_parameters;
1745 $c->prepare_headers;
1746 $c->prepare_cookies;
1749 # Prepare the body for reading, either by prepare_body
1750 # or the user, if they are using $c->read
1753 # Parse the body unless the user wants it on-demand
1754 unless ( $c->config->{parse_on_demand} ) {
1759 my $method = $c->req->method || '';
1760 my $path = $c->req->path;
1761 $path = '/' unless length $path;
1762 my $address = $c->req->address || '';
1764 $c->log->debug(qq/"$method" request for "$path" from "$address"/)
1772 =head2 $c->prepare_action
1774 Prepares action. See L<Catalyst::Dispatcher>.
1778 sub prepare_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->prepare_action( $c, @_ ) }
1780 =head2 $c->prepare_body
1782 Prepares message body.
1789 # Do we run for the first time?
1790 return if defined $c->request->{_body};
1792 # Initialize on-demand data
1793 $c->engine->prepare_body( $c, @_ );
1794 $c->prepare_parameters;
1795 $c->prepare_uploads;
1797 if ( $c->debug && keys %{ $c->req->body_parameters } ) {
1798 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 35, 'Parameter' ], [ 36, 'Value' ] );
1799 for my $key ( sort keys %{ $c->req->body_parameters } ) {
1800 my $param = $c->req->body_parameters->{$key};
1801 my $value = defined($param) ? $param : '';
1803 ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ? ( join ', ', @$value ) : $value );
1805 $c->log->debug( "Body Parameters are:\n" . $t->draw );
1809 =head2 $c->prepare_body_chunk( $chunk )
1811 Prepares a chunk of data before sending it to L<HTTP::Body>.
1813 See L<Catalyst::Engine>.
1817 sub prepare_body_chunk {
1819 $c->engine->prepare_body_chunk( $c, @_ );
1822 =head2 $c->prepare_body_parameters
1824 Prepares body parameters.
1828 sub prepare_body_parameters {
1830 $c->engine->prepare_body_parameters( $c, @_ );
1833 =head2 $c->prepare_connection
1835 Prepares connection.
1839 sub prepare_connection {
1841 $c->engine->prepare_connection( $c, @_ );
1844 =head2 $c->prepare_cookies
1850 sub prepare_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_cookies( $c, @_ ) }
1852 =head2 $c->prepare_headers
1858 sub prepare_headers { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_headers( $c, @_ ) }
1860 =head2 $c->prepare_parameters
1862 Prepares parameters.
1866 sub prepare_parameters {
1868 $c->prepare_body_parameters;
1869 $c->engine->prepare_parameters( $c, @_ );
1872 =head2 $c->prepare_path
1874 Prepares path and base.
1878 sub prepare_path { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_path( $c, @_ ) }
1880 =head2 $c->prepare_query_parameters
1882 Prepares query parameters.
1886 sub prepare_query_parameters {
1889 $c->engine->prepare_query_parameters( $c, @_ );
1891 if ( $c->debug && keys %{ $c->request->query_parameters } ) {
1892 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 35, 'Parameter' ], [ 36, 'Value' ] );
1893 for my $key ( sort keys %{ $c->req->query_parameters } ) {
1894 my $param = $c->req->query_parameters->{$key};
1895 my $value = defined($param) ? $param : '';
1897 ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ? ( join ', ', @$value ) : $value );
1899 $c->log->debug( "Query Parameters are:\n" . $t->draw );
1903 =head2 $c->prepare_read
1905 Prepares the input for reading.
1909 sub prepare_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_read( $c, @_ ) }
1911 =head2 $c->prepare_request
1913 Prepares the engine request.
1917 sub prepare_request { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_request( $c, @_ ) }
1919 =head2 $c->prepare_uploads
1925 sub prepare_uploads {
1928 $c->engine->prepare_uploads( $c, @_ );
1930 if ( $c->debug && keys %{ $c->request->uploads } ) {
1931 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new(
1932 [ 12, 'Parameter' ],
1937 for my $key ( sort keys %{ $c->request->uploads } ) {
1938 my $upload = $c->request->uploads->{$key};
1939 for my $u ( ref $upload eq 'ARRAY' ? @{$upload} : ($upload) ) {
1940 $t->row( $key, $u->filename, $u->type, $u->size );
1943 $c->log->debug( "File Uploads are:\n" . $t->draw );
1947 =head2 $c->prepare_write
1949 Prepares the output for writing.
1953 sub prepare_write { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_write( $c, @_ ) }
1955 =head2 $c->request_class
1957 Returns or sets the request class.
1959 =head2 $c->response_class
1961 Returns or sets the response class.
1963 =head2 $c->read( [$maxlength] )
1965 Reads a chunk of data from the request body. This method is designed to
1966 be used in a while loop, reading C<$maxlength> bytes on every call.
1967 C<$maxlength> defaults to the size of the request if not specified.
1969 You have to set C<< MyApp->config->{parse_on_demand} >> to use this
1972 Warning: If you use read(), Catalyst will not process the body,
1973 so you will not be able to access POST parameters or file uploads via
1974 $c->request. You must handle all body parsing yourself.
1978 sub read { my $c = shift; return $c->engine->read( $c, @_ ) }
1986 sub run { my $c = shift; return $c->engine->run( $c, @_ ) }
1988 =head2 $c->set_action( $action, $code, $namespace, $attrs )
1990 Sets an action in a given namespace.
1994 sub set_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->set_action( $c, @_ ) }
1996 =head2 $c->setup_actions($component)
1998 Sets up actions for a component.
2002 sub setup_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->setup_actions( $c, @_ ) }
2004 =head2 $c->setup_components
2006 Sets up components. Specify a C<setup_components> config option to pass
2007 additional options directly to L<Module::Pluggable>. To add additional
2008 search paths, specify a key named C<search_extra> as an array
2009 reference. Items in the array beginning with C<::> will have the
2010 application class name prepended to them.
2012 All components found will also have any
2013 L<Devel::InnerPackage|inner packages> loaded and set up as components.
2014 Note, that modules which are B<not> an I<inner package> of the main
2015 file namespace loaded will not be instantiated as components.
2019 sub setup_components {
2022 my @paths = qw( ::Controller ::C ::Model ::M ::View ::V );
2023 my $config = $class->config->{ setup_components };
2024 my $extra = delete $config->{ search_extra } || [];
2026 push @paths, @$extra;
2028 my $locator = Module::Pluggable::Object->new(
2029 search_path => [ map { s/^(?=::)/$class/; $_; } @paths ],
2033 my @comps = sort { length $a <=> length $b } $locator->plugins;
2034 my %comps = map { $_ => 1 } @comps;
2036 for my $component ( @comps ) {
2038 # We pass ignore_loaded here so that overlay files for (e.g.)
2039 # Model::DBI::Schema sub-classes are loaded - if it's in @comps
2040 # we know M::P::O found a file on disk so this is safe
2042 Catalyst::Utils::ensure_class_loaded( $component, { ignore_loaded => 1 } );
2044 my $module = $class->setup_component( $component );
2046 $component => $module,
2048 $_ => $class->setup_component( $_ )
2050 not exists $comps{$_}
2051 } Devel::InnerPackage::list_packages( $component )
2054 for my $key ( keys %modules ) {
2055 $class->components->{ $key } = $modules{ $key };
2060 =head2 $c->setup_component
2064 sub setup_component {
2065 my( $class, $component ) = @_;
2067 unless ( $component->can( 'COMPONENT' ) ) {
2071 my $suffix = Catalyst::Utils::class2classsuffix( $component );
2072 my $config = $class->config->{ $suffix } || {};
2074 my $instance = eval { $component->COMPONENT( $class, $config ); };
2076 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
2078 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
2079 message => qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", "$error"/
2083 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
2085 qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", "COMPONENT() didn't return an object-like value"/
2086 ) unless eval { $instance->can( 'can' ) };
2091 =head2 $c->setup_dispatcher
2097 sub setup_dispatcher {
2098 my ( $class, $dispatcher ) = @_;
2101 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $dispatcher;
2104 if ( my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'DISPATCHER' ) ) {
2105 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $env;
2108 unless ($dispatcher) {
2109 $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher_class;
2112 unless (Class::Inspector->loaded($dispatcher)) {
2113 require Class::Inspector->filename($dispatcher);
2116 # dispatcher instance
2117 $class->dispatcher( $dispatcher->new );
2120 =head2 $c->setup_engine
2127 my ( $class, $engine ) = @_;
2130 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::' . $engine;
2133 if ( my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'ENGINE' ) ) {
2134 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::' . $env;
2137 if ( $ENV{MOD_PERL} ) {
2139 # create the apache method
2142 *{"$class\::apache"} = sub { shift->engine->apache };
2145 my ( $software, $version ) =
2146 $ENV{MOD_PERL} =~ /^(\S+)\/(\d+(?:[\.\_]\d+)+)/;
2149 $version =~ s/(\.[^.]+)\./$1/g;
2151 if ( $software eq 'mod_perl' ) {
2155 if ( $version >= 1.99922 ) {
2156 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Apache2::MP20';
2159 elsif ( $version >= 1.9901 ) {
2160 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Apache2::MP19';
2163 elsif ( $version >= 1.24 ) {
2164 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Apache::MP13';
2168 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
2169 qq/Unsupported mod_perl version: $ENV{MOD_PERL}/ );
2174 # install the correct mod_perl handler
2175 if ( $version >= 1.9901 ) {
2176 *handler = sub : method {
2177 shift->handle_request(@_);
2181 *handler = sub ($$) { shift->handle_request(@_) };
2186 elsif ( $software eq 'Zeus-Perl' ) {
2187 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Zeus';
2191 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
2192 message => qq/Unsupported mod_perl: $ENV{MOD_PERL}/ );
2197 $engine = $class->engine_class;
2200 unless (Class::Inspector->loaded($engine)) {
2201 require Class::Inspector->filename($engine);
2204 # check for old engines that are no longer compatible
2206 if ( $engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Apache')
2207 && !Catalyst::Engine::Apache->VERSION )
2212 elsif ( $engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Server::Base')
2213 && Catalyst::Engine::Server->VERSION le '0.02' )
2218 elsif ($engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::HTTP::POE')
2219 && $engine->VERSION eq '0.01' )
2224 elsif ($engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Zeus')
2225 && $engine->VERSION eq '0.01' )
2231 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
2232 qq/Engine "$engine" is not supported by this version of Catalyst/
2237 $class->engine( $engine->new );
2240 =head2 $c->setup_home
2242 Sets up the home directory.
2247 my ( $class, $home ) = @_;
2249 if ( my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'HOME' ) ) {
2254 $home = Catalyst::Utils::home($class);
2258 $class->config->{home} ||= $home;
2259 $class->config->{root} ||= Path::Class::Dir->new($home)->subdir('root');
2263 =head2 $c->setup_log
2270 my ( $class, $debug ) = @_;
2272 unless ( $class->log ) {
2273 $class->log( Catalyst::Log->new );
2276 my $env_debug = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'DEBUG' );
2277 if ( defined($env_debug) ? $env_debug : $debug ) {
2279 *{"$class\::debug"} = sub { 1 };
2280 $class->log->debug('Debug messages enabled');
2284 =head2 $c->setup_plugins
2290 =head2 $c->setup_stats
2292 Sets up timing statistics class.
2297 my ( $class, $stats ) = @_;
2299 Catalyst::Utils::ensure_class_loaded($class->stats_class);
2301 my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'STATS' );
2302 if ( defined($env) ? $env : ($stats || $class->debug ) ) {
2304 *{"$class\::use_stats"} = sub { 1 };
2305 $class->log->debug('Statistics enabled');
2310 =head2 $c->registered_plugins
2312 Returns a sorted list of the plugins which have either been stated in the
2313 import list or which have been added via C<< MyApp->plugin(@args); >>.
2315 If passed a given plugin name, it will report a boolean value indicating
2316 whether or not that plugin is loaded. A fully qualified name is required if
2317 the plugin name does not begin with C<Catalyst::Plugin::>.
2319 if ($c->registered_plugins('Some::Plugin')) {
2327 sub registered_plugins {
2329 return sort keys %{ $proto->_plugins } unless @_;
2331 return 1 if exists $proto->_plugins->{$plugin};
2332 return exists $proto->_plugins->{"Catalyst::Plugin::$plugin"};
2335 sub _register_plugin {
2336 my ( $proto, $plugin, $instant ) = @_;
2337 my $class = ref $proto || $proto;
2339 # no ignore_loaded here, the plugin may already have been
2340 # defined in memory and we don't want to error on "no file" if so
2342 Catalyst::Utils::ensure_class_loaded( $plugin );
2344 $proto->_plugins->{$plugin} = 1;
2347 unshift @{"$class\::ISA"}, $plugin;
2353 my ( $class, $plugins ) = @_;
2355 $class->_plugins( {} ) unless $class->_plugins;
2357 for my $plugin ( reverse @$plugins ) {
2359 unless ( $plugin =~ s/\A\+// ) {
2360 $plugin = "Catalyst::Plugin::$plugin";
2363 $class->_register_plugin($plugin);
2370 Returns an arrayref of the internal execution stack (actions that are
2371 currently executing).
2373 =head2 $c->stats_class
2375 Returns or sets the stats (timing statistics) class.
2377 =head2 $c->use_stats
2379 Returns 1 when stats collection is enabled. Stats collection is enabled
2380 when the -Stats options is set, debug is on or when the <MYAPP>_STATS
2381 environment variable is set.
2383 Note that this is a static method, not an accessor and should be overloaded
2384 by declaring "sub use_stats { 1 }" in your MyApp.pm, not by calling $c->use_stats(1).
2391 =head2 $c->write( $data )
2393 Writes $data to the output stream. When using this method directly, you
2394 will need to manually set the C<Content-Length> header to the length of
2395 your output data, if known.
2402 # Finalize headers if someone manually writes output
2403 $c->finalize_headers;
2405 return $c->engine->write( $c, @_ );
2410 Returns the Catalyst version number. Mostly useful for "powered by"
2411 messages in template systems.
2415 sub version { return $Catalyst::VERSION }
2417 =head1 INTERNAL ACTIONS
2419 Catalyst uses internal actions like C<_DISPATCH>, C<_BEGIN>, C<_AUTO>,
2420 C<_ACTION>, and C<_END>. These are by default not shown in the private
2421 action table, but you can make them visible with a config parameter.
2423 MyApp->config->{show_internal_actions} = 1;
2425 =head1 CASE SENSITIVITY
2427 By default Catalyst is not case sensitive, so C<MyApp::C::FOO::Bar> is
2428 mapped to C</foo/bar>. You can activate case sensitivity with a config
2431 MyApp->config->{case_sensitive} = 1;
2433 This causes C<MyApp::C::Foo::Bar> to map to C</Foo/Bar>.
2435 =head1 ON-DEMAND PARSER
2437 The request body is usually parsed at the beginning of a request,
2438 but if you want to handle input yourself, you can enable on-demand
2439 parsing with a config parameter.
2441 MyApp->config->{parse_on_demand} = 1;
2443 =head1 PROXY SUPPORT
2445 Many production servers operate using the common double-server approach,
2446 with a lightweight frontend web server passing requests to a larger
2447 backend server. An application running on the backend server must deal
2448 with two problems: the remote user always appears to be C<127.0.0.1> and
2449 the server's hostname will appear to be C<localhost> regardless of the
2450 virtual host that the user connected through.
2452 Catalyst will automatically detect this situation when you are running
2453 the frontend and backend servers on the same machine. The following
2454 changes are made to the request.
2456 $c->req->address is set to the user's real IP address, as read from
2457 the HTTP X-Forwarded-For header.
2459 The host value for $c->req->base and $c->req->uri is set to the real
2460 host, as read from the HTTP X-Forwarded-Host header.
2462 Obviously, your web server must support these headers for this to work.
2464 In a more complex server farm environment where you may have your
2465 frontend proxy server(s) on different machines, you will need to set a
2466 configuration option to tell Catalyst to read the proxied data from the
2469 MyApp->config->{using_frontend_proxy} = 1;
2471 If you do not wish to use the proxy support at all, you may set:
2473 MyApp->config->{ignore_frontend_proxy} = 1;
2475 =head1 THREAD SAFETY
2477 Catalyst has been tested under Apache 2's threading C<mpm_worker>,
2478 C<mpm_winnt>, and the standalone forking HTTP server on Windows. We
2479 believe the Catalyst core to be thread-safe.
2481 If you plan to operate in a threaded environment, remember that all other
2482 modules you are using must also be thread-safe. Some modules, most notably
2483 L<DBD::SQLite>, are not thread-safe.
2489 Join #catalyst on irc.perl.org.
2493 http://lists.rawmode.org/mailman/listinfo/catalyst
2494 http://lists.rawmode.org/mailman/listinfo/catalyst-dev
2498 http://catalyst.perl.org
2502 http://dev.catalyst.perl.org
2506 =head2 L<Task::Catalyst> - All you need to start with Catalyst
2508 =head2 L<Catalyst::Manual> - The Catalyst Manual
2510 =head2 L<Catalyst::Component>, L<Catalyst::Base> - Base classes for components
2512 =head2 L<Catalyst::Engine> - Core engine
2514 =head2 L<Catalyst::Log> - Log class.
2516 =head2 L<Catalyst::Request> - Request object
2518 =head2 L<Catalyst::Response> - Response object
2520 =head2 L<Catalyst::Test> - The test suite.
2522 =head1 PROJECT FOUNDER
2524 sri: Sebastian Riedel <sri@cpan.org>
2530 acme: Leon Brocard <leon@astray.com>
2538 andyg: Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
2540 audreyt: Audrey Tang
2542 bricas: Brian Cassidy <bricas@cpan.org>
2544 chansen: Christian Hansen
2546 chicks: Christopher Hicks
2548 dkubb: Dan Kubb <dan.kubb-cpan@onautopilot.com>
2552 esskar: Sascha Kiefer
2554 fireartist: Carl Franks <cfranks@cpan.org>
2556 gabb: Danijel Milicevic
2562 jcamacho: Juan Camacho
2564 jhannah: Jay Hannah <jay@jays.net>
2570 jon: Jon Schutz <jjschutz@cpan.org>
2572 marcus: Marcus Ramberg <mramberg@cpan.org>
2574 miyagawa: Tatsuhiko Miyagawa <miyagawa@bulknews.net>
2576 mst: Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
2580 naughton: David Naughton
2582 ningu: David Kamholz <dkamholz@cpan.org>
2584 nothingmuch: Yuval Kogman <nothingmuch@woobling.org>
2586 numa: Dan Sully <daniel@cpan.org>
2590 omega: Andreas Marienborg
2592 phaylon: Robert Sedlacek <phaylon@dunkelheit.at>
2596 the_jester: Jesse Sheidlower
2600 willert: Sebastian Willert <willert@cpan.org>
2602 batman: Jan Henning Thorsen <pm@flodhest.net>
2606 This library is free software, you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
2607 the same terms as Perl itself.