4 use Moose::Meta::Class ();
5 extends 'Catalyst::Component';
6 use Moose::Util qw/find_meta/;
7 use namespace::clean -except => 'meta';
8 use Catalyst::Exception;
9 use Catalyst::Exception::Detach;
10 use Catalyst::Exception::Go;
12 use Catalyst::Request;
13 use Catalyst::Request::Upload;
14 use Catalyst::Response;
16 use Catalyst::Controller;
18 use Devel::InnerPackage ();
19 use Module::Pluggable::Object ();
20 use Text::SimpleTable ();
21 use Path::Class::Dir ();
22 use Path::Class::File ();
27 use Tree::Simple qw/use_weak_refs/;
28 use Tree::Simple::Visitor::FindByUID;
29 use Class::C3::Adopt::NEXT;
30 use List::MoreUtils qw/uniq/;
32 use String::RewritePrefix;
33 use Catalyst::EngineLoader;
35 use Carp qw/croak carp shortmess/;
38 use Moose::Util 'find_meta';
39 use Plack::Middleware::Conditional;
40 use Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy;
41 use Plack::Middleware::IIS6ScriptNameFix;
42 use Plack::Middleware::IIS7KeepAliveFix;
43 use Plack::Middleware::LighttpdScriptNameFix;
44 use Plack::Middleware::ContentLength;
45 use Plack::Middleware::Head;
46 use Plack::Middleware::HTTPExceptions;
47 use Plack::Middleware::FixMissingBodyInRedirect;
48 use Plack::Middleware::MethodOverride;
49 use Plack::Middleware::RemoveRedundantBody;
50 use Catalyst::Middleware::Stash;
52 use Class::Load 'load_class';
55 BEGIN { require 5.008003; }
57 has stack => (is => 'ro', default => sub { [] });
58 has state => (is => 'rw', default => 0);
59 has stats => (is => 'rw');
60 has action => (is => 'rw');
61 has counter => (is => 'rw', default => sub { {} });
66 $self->request_class->new($self->_build_request_constructor_args);
70 sub _build_request_constructor_args {
72 my %p = ( _log => $self->log );
73 $p{_uploadtmp} = $self->_uploadtmp if $self->_has_uploadtmp;
74 $p{data_handlers} = {$self->registered_data_handlers};
75 $p{_use_hash_multivalue} = $self->config->{use_hash_multivalue_in_request}
76 if $self->config->{use_hash_multivalue_in_request};
84 $self->response_class->new($self->_build_response_constructor_args);
88 sub _build_response_constructor_args {
90 { _log => $self->log };
93 has namespace => (is => 'rw');
95 sub depth { scalar @{ shift->stack || [] }; }
96 sub comp { shift->component(@_) }
99 my $self = shift; return $self->request(@_);
102 my $self = shift; return $self->response(@_);
105 # For backwards compatibility
106 sub finalize_output { shift->finalize_body(@_) };
111 our $RECURSION = 1000;
112 our $DETACH = Catalyst::Exception::Detach->new;
113 our $GO = Catalyst::Exception::Go->new;
115 #I imagine that very few of these really need to be class variables. if any.
116 #maybe we should just make them attributes with a default?
117 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata($_)
118 for qw/components arguments dispatcher engine log dispatcher_class
119 engine_loader context_class request_class response_class stats_class
120 setup_finished _psgi_app loading_psgi_file run_options _psgi_middleware
121 _data_handlers _encoding _encode_check/;
123 __PACKAGE__->dispatcher_class('Catalyst::Dispatcher');
124 __PACKAGE__->request_class('Catalyst::Request');
125 __PACKAGE__->response_class('Catalyst::Response');
126 __PACKAGE__->stats_class('Catalyst::Stats');
127 __PACKAGE__->_encode_check(Encode::FB_CROAK | Encode::LEAVE_SRC);
129 # Remember to update this in Catalyst::Runtime as well!
130 our $VERSION = '5.90077';
133 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
135 # We have to limit $class to Catalyst to avoid pushing Catalyst upon every
137 return unless $class eq 'Catalyst';
139 my $caller = caller();
140 return if $caller eq 'main';
142 my $meta = Moose::Meta::Class->initialize($caller);
143 unless ( $caller->isa('Catalyst') ) {
144 my @superclasses = ($meta->superclasses, $class, 'Catalyst::Controller');
145 $meta->superclasses(@superclasses);
147 # Avoid possible C3 issues if 'Moose::Object' is already on RHS of MyApp
148 $meta->superclasses(grep { $_ ne 'Moose::Object' } $meta->superclasses);
150 unless( $meta->has_method('meta') ){
151 if ($Moose::VERSION >= 1.15) {
152 $meta->_add_meta_method('meta');
155 $meta->add_method(meta => sub { Moose::Meta::Class->initialize("${caller}") } );
159 $caller->arguments( [@arguments] );
163 sub _application { $_[0] }
169 Catalyst - The Elegant MVC Web Application Framework
173 See the L<Catalyst::Manual> distribution for comprehensive
174 documentation and tutorials.
176 # Install Catalyst::Devel for helpers and other development tools
177 # use the helper to create a new application
180 # add models, views, controllers
181 script/myapp_create.pl model MyDatabase DBIC::Schema create=static dbi:SQLite:/path/to/db
182 script/myapp_create.pl view MyTemplate TT
183 script/myapp_create.pl controller Search
185 # built in testserver -- use -r to restart automatically on changes
186 # --help to see all available options
187 script/myapp_server.pl
189 # command line testing interface
190 script/myapp_test.pl /yada
193 use Catalyst qw/-Debug/; # include plugins here as well
195 ### In lib/MyApp/Controller/Root.pm (autocreated)
196 sub foo : Chained('/') Args() { # called for /foo, /foo/1, /foo/1/2, etc.
197 my ( $self, $c, @args ) = @_; # args are qw/1 2/ for /foo/1/2
198 $c->stash->{template} = 'foo.tt'; # set the template
199 # lookup something from db -- stash vars are passed to TT
201 $c->model('Database::Foo')->search( { country => $args[0] } );
202 if ( $c->req->params->{bar} ) { # access GET or POST parameters
203 $c->forward( 'bar' ); # process another action
204 # do something else after forward returns
208 # The foo.tt TT template can use the stash data from the database
209 [% WHILE (item = data.next) %]
213 # called for /bar/of/soap, /bar/of/soap/10, etc.
214 sub bar : Chained('/') PathPart('/bar/of/soap') Args() { ... }
216 # called after all actions are finished
218 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
219 if ( scalar @{ $c->error } ) { ... } # handle errors
220 return if $c->res->body; # already have a response
221 $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' ); # render template
224 See L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro> for additional information.
228 Catalyst is a modern framework for making web applications without the
229 pain usually associated with this process. This document is a reference
230 to the main Catalyst application. If you are a new user, we suggest you
231 start with L<Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial> or L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro>.
233 See L<Catalyst::Manual> for more documentation.
235 Catalyst plugins can be loaded by naming them as arguments to the "use
236 Catalyst" statement. Omit the C<Catalyst::Plugin::> prefix from the
237 plugin name, i.e., C<Catalyst::Plugin::My::Module> becomes
240 use Catalyst qw/My::Module/;
242 If your plugin starts with a name other than C<Catalyst::Plugin::>, you can
243 fully qualify the name by using a unary plus:
247 +Fully::Qualified::Plugin::Name
250 Special flags like C<-Debug> can also be specified as
251 arguments when Catalyst is loaded:
253 use Catalyst qw/-Debug My::Module/;
255 The position of plugins and flags in the chain is important, because
256 they are loaded in the order in which they appear.
258 The following flags are supported:
262 Enables debug output. You can also force this setting from the system
263 environment with CATALYST_DEBUG or <MYAPP>_DEBUG. The environment
264 settings override the application, with <MYAPP>_DEBUG having the highest
267 This sets the log level to 'debug' and enables full debug output on the
268 error screen. If you only want the latter, see L<< $c->debug >>.
272 Forces Catalyst to use a specific home directory, e.g.:
274 use Catalyst qw[-Home=/usr/mst];
276 This can also be done in the shell environment by setting either the
277 C<CATALYST_HOME> environment variable or C<MYAPP_HOME>; where C<MYAPP>
278 is replaced with the uppercased name of your application, any "::" in
279 the name will be replaced with underscores, e.g. MyApp::Web should use
280 MYAPP_WEB_HOME. If both variables are set, the MYAPP_HOME one will be used.
282 If none of these are set, Catalyst will attempt to automatically detect the
283 home directory. If you are working in a development environment, Catalyst
284 will try and find the directory containing either Makefile.PL, Build.PL,
285 dist.ini, or cpanfile. If the application has been installed into the system
286 (i.e. you have done C<make install>), then Catalyst will use the path to your
287 application module, without the .pm extension (e.g., /foo/MyApp if your
288 application was installed at /foo/MyApp.pm)
292 use Catalyst '-Log=warn,fatal,error';
294 Specifies a comma-delimited list of log levels.
298 Enables statistics collection and reporting.
300 use Catalyst qw/-Stats=1/;
302 You can also force this setting from the system environment with CATALYST_STATS
303 or <MYAPP>_STATS. The environment settings override the application, with
304 <MYAPP>_STATS having the highest priority.
306 Stats are also enabled if L<< debugging |/"-Debug" >> is enabled.
310 =head2 INFORMATION ABOUT THE CURRENT REQUEST
314 Returns a L<Catalyst::Action> object for the current action, which
315 stringifies to the action name. See L<Catalyst::Action>.
319 Returns the namespace of the current action, i.e., the URI prefix
320 corresponding to the controller of the current action. For example:
322 # in Controller::Foo::Bar
323 $c->namespace; # returns 'foo/bar';
329 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Request> object, giving access to
330 information about the current client request (including parameters,
331 cookies, HTTP headers, etc.). See L<Catalyst::Request>.
333 =head2 REQUEST FLOW HANDLING
335 =head2 $c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )
337 =head2 $c->forward( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
339 This is one way of calling another action (method) in the same or
340 a different controller. You can also use C<< $self->my_method($c, @args) >>
341 in the same controller or C<< $c->controller('MyController')->my_method($c, @args) >>
342 in a different controller.
343 The main difference is that 'forward' uses some of the Catalyst request
344 cycle overhead, including debugging, which may be useful to you. On the
345 other hand, there are some complications to using 'forward', restrictions
346 on values returned from 'forward', and it may not handle errors as you prefer.
347 Whether you use 'forward' or not is up to you; it is not considered superior to
348 the other ways to call a method.
350 'forward' calls another action, by its private name. If you give a
351 class name but no method, C<process()> is called. You may also optionally
352 pass arguments in an arrayref. The action will receive the arguments in
353 C<@_> and C<< $c->req->args >>. Upon returning from the function,
354 C<< $c->req->args >> will be restored to the previous values.
356 Any data C<return>ed from the action forwarded to, will be returned by the
359 my $foodata = $c->forward('/foo');
360 $c->forward('index');
361 $c->forward(qw/Model::DBIC::Foo do_stuff/);
362 $c->forward('View::TT');
364 Note that L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >> implies
365 an C<< eval { } >> around the call (actually
366 L<< execute|/"$c->execute( $class, $coderef )" >> does), thus rendering all
367 exceptions thrown by the called action non-fatal and pushing them onto
368 $c->error instead. If you want C<die> to propagate you need to do something
372 die join "\n", @{ $c->error } if @{ $c->error };
374 Or make sure to always return true values from your actions and write
377 $c->forward('foo') || return;
379 Another note is that C<< $c->forward >> always returns a scalar because it
380 actually returns $c->state which operates in a scalar context.
381 Thus, something like:
385 in an action that is forwarded to is going to return a scalar,
386 i.e. how many items are in that array, which is probably not what you want.
387 If you need to return an array then return a reference to it,
390 $c->stash->{array} = \@array;
392 and access it from the stash.
394 Keep in mind that the C<end> method used is that of the caller action. So a C<$c-E<gt>detach> inside a forwarded action would run the C<end> method from the original action requested.
398 sub forward { my $c = shift; no warnings 'recursion'; $c->dispatcher->forward( $c, @_ ) }
400 =head2 $c->detach( $action [, \@arguments ] )
402 =head2 $c->detach( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
406 The same as L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>, but
407 doesn't return to the previous action when processing is finished.
409 When called with no arguments it escapes the processing chain entirely.
413 sub detach { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->detach( $c, @_ ) }
415 =head2 $c->visit( $action [, \@arguments ] )
417 =head2 $c->visit( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
419 =head2 $c->visit( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
421 =head2 $c->visit( $class, $method, [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
423 Almost the same as L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>,
424 but does a full dispatch, instead of just calling the new C<$action> /
425 C<< $class->$method >>. This means that C<begin>, C<auto> and the method
426 you go to are called, just like a new request.
428 In addition both C<< $c->action >> and C<< $c->namespace >> are localized.
429 This means, for example, that C<< $c->action >> methods such as
430 L<name|Catalyst::Action/name>, L<class|Catalyst::Action/class> and
431 L<reverse|Catalyst::Action/reverse> return information for the visited action
432 when they are invoked within the visited action. This is different from the
433 behavior of L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>, which
434 continues to use the $c->action object from the caller action even when
435 invoked from the called action.
437 C<< $c->stash >> is kept unchanged.
439 In effect, L<< visit|/"$c->visit( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )" >>
440 allows you to "wrap" another action, just as it would have been called by
441 dispatching from a URL, while the analogous
442 L<< go|/"$c->go( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )" >> allows you to
443 transfer control to another action as if it had been reached directly from a URL.
447 sub visit { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->visit( $c, @_ ) }
449 =head2 $c->go( $action [, \@arguments ] )
451 =head2 $c->go( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
453 =head2 $c->go( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
455 =head2 $c->go( $class, $method, [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
457 The relationship between C<go> and
458 L<< visit|/"$c->visit( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )" >> is the same as
459 the relationship between
460 L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )" >> and
461 L<< detach|/"$c->detach( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>. Like C<< $c->visit >>,
462 C<< $c->go >> will perform a full dispatch on the specified action or method,
463 with localized C<< $c->action >> and C<< $c->namespace >>. Like C<detach>,
464 C<go> escapes the processing of the current request chain on completion, and
465 does not return to its caller.
467 @arguments are arguments to the final destination of $action. @captures are
468 arguments to the intermediate steps, if any, on the way to the final sub of
473 sub go { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->go( $c, @_ ) }
479 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Response> object, see there for details.
483 Returns a hashref to the stash, which may be used to store data and pass
484 it between components during a request. You can also set hash keys by
485 passing arguments. The stash is automatically sent to the view. The
486 stash is cleared at the end of a request; it cannot be used for
487 persistent storage (for this you must use a session; see
488 L<Catalyst::Plugin::Session> for a complete system integrated with
491 $c->stash->{foo} = $bar;
492 $c->stash( { moose => 'majestic', qux => 0 } );
493 $c->stash( bar => 1, gorch => 2 ); # equivalent to passing a hashref
495 # stash is automatically passed to the view for use in a template
496 $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' );
502 return Catalyst::Middleware::Stash::get_stash($c->req->env)->(@_);
507 =head2 $c->error($error, ...)
509 =head2 $c->error($arrayref)
511 Returns an arrayref containing error messages. If Catalyst encounters an
512 error while processing a request, it stores the error in $c->error. This
513 method should only be used to store fatal error messages.
515 my @error = @{ $c->error };
519 $c->error('Something bad happened');
521 Calling this will always return an arrayref (if there are no errors it
522 will be an empty arrayref.
529 my $error = ref $_[0] eq 'ARRAY' ? $_[0] : [@_];
530 croak @$error unless ref $c;
531 push @{ $c->{error} }, @$error;
533 elsif ( defined $_[0] ) { $c->{error} = undef }
534 return $c->{error} || [];
540 Contains the return value of the last executed action.
541 Note that << $c->state >> operates in a scalar context which means that all
542 values it returns are scalar.
544 =head2 $c->clear_errors
546 Clear errors. You probably don't want to clear the errors unless you are
547 implementing a custom error screen.
549 This is equivalent to running
560 =head2 $c->has_errors
562 Returns true if you have errors
566 sub has_errors { scalar(@{shift->error}) ? 1:0 }
568 =head2 $c->last_error
570 Returns the most recent error in the stack (the one most recently added...)
571 or nothing if there are no errors.
575 sub last_error { my ($err, @errs) = @{shift->error}; return $err }
579 shifts the most recently added error off the error stack and returns if. Returns
580 nothing if there are nomore errors.
586 my ($err, @errors) = @{$self->error};
587 $self->{error} = \@errors;
591 sub _comp_search_prefixes {
593 return map $c->components->{ $_ }, $c->_comp_names_search_prefixes(@_);
596 # search components given a name and some prefixes
597 sub _comp_names_search_prefixes {
598 my ( $c, $name, @prefixes ) = @_;
599 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
600 my $filter = "^${appclass}::(" . join( '|', @prefixes ) . ')::';
601 $filter = qr/$filter/; # Compile regex now rather than once per loop
603 # map the original component name to the sub part that we will search against
604 my %eligible = map { my $n = $_; $n =~ s{^$appclass\::[^:]+::}{}; $_ => $n; }
605 grep { /$filter/ } keys %{ $c->components };
607 # undef for a name will return all
608 return keys %eligible if !defined $name;
610 my $query = $name->$_isa('Regexp') ? $name : qr/^$name$/i;
611 my @result = grep { $eligible{$_} =~ m{$query} } keys %eligible;
613 return @result if @result;
615 # if we were given a regexp to search against, we're done.
616 return if $name->$_isa('Regexp');
618 # skip regexp fallback if configured
620 if $appclass->config->{disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback};
624 @result = grep { $eligible{ $_ } =~ m{$query} } keys %eligible;
626 # no results? try against full names
628 @result = grep { m{$query} } keys %eligible;
631 # don't warn if we didn't find any results, it just might not exist
633 # Disgusting hack to work out correct method name
634 my $warn_for = lc $prefixes[0];
635 my $msg = "Used regexp fallback for \$c->${warn_for}('${name}'), which found '" .
636 (join '", "', @result) . "'. Relying on regexp fallback behavior for " .
637 "component resolution is unreliable and unsafe.";
638 my $short = $result[0];
639 # remove the component namespace prefix
640 $short =~ s/.*?(Model|Controller|View):://;
641 my $shortmess = Carp::shortmess('');
642 if ($shortmess =~ m#Catalyst/Plugin#) {
643 $msg .= " You probably need to set '$short' instead of '${name}' in this " .
645 } elsif ($shortmess =~ m#Catalyst/lib/(View|Controller)#) {
646 $msg .= " You probably need to set '$short' instead of '${name}' in this " .
647 "component's config";
649 $msg .= " You probably meant \$c->${warn_for}('$short') instead of \$c->${warn_for}('${name}'), " .
650 "but if you really wanted to search, pass in a regexp as the argument " .
651 "like so: \$c->${warn_for}(qr/${name}/)";
653 $c->log->warn( "${msg}$shortmess" );
659 # Find possible names for a prefix
661 my ( $c, @prefixes ) = @_;
662 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
664 my $filter = "^${appclass}::(" . join( '|', @prefixes ) . ')::';
666 my @names = map { s{$filter}{}; $_; }
667 $c->_comp_names_search_prefixes( undef, @prefixes );
672 # Filter a component before returning by calling ACCEPT_CONTEXT if available
673 sub _filter_component {
674 my ( $c, $comp, @args ) = @_;
676 if ( eval { $comp->can('ACCEPT_CONTEXT'); } ) {
677 return $comp->ACCEPT_CONTEXT( $c, @args );
683 =head2 COMPONENT ACCESSORS
685 =head2 $c->controller($name)
687 Gets a L<Catalyst::Controller> instance by name.
689 $c->controller('Foo')->do_stuff;
691 If the name is omitted, will return the controller for the dispatched
694 If you want to search for controllers, pass in a regexp as the argument.
696 # find all controllers that start with Foo
697 my @foo_controllers = $c->controller(qr{^Foo});
703 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
705 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
707 unless ( $name->$_isa('Regexp') ) { # Direct component hash lookup to avoid costly regexps
708 my $comps = $c->components;
709 my $check = $appclass."::Controller::".$name;
710 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{$check}, @args ) if exists $comps->{$check};
712 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Controller C/ );
713 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
714 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
717 return $c->component( $c->action->class );
720 =head2 $c->model($name)
722 Gets a L<Catalyst::Model> instance by name.
724 $c->model('Foo')->do_stuff;
726 Any extra arguments are directly passed to ACCEPT_CONTEXT.
728 If the name is omitted, it will look for
729 - a model object in $c->stash->{current_model_instance}, then
730 - a model name in $c->stash->{current_model}, then
731 - a config setting 'default_model', or
732 - check if there is only one model, and return it if that's the case.
734 If you want to search for models, pass in a regexp as the argument.
736 # find all models that start with Foo
737 my @foo_models = $c->model(qr{^Foo});
742 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
743 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
745 unless ( $name->$_isa('Regexp') ) { # Direct component hash lookup to avoid costly regexps
746 my $comps = $c->components;
747 my $check = $appclass."::Model::".$name;
748 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{$check}, @args ) if exists $comps->{$check};
750 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Model M/ );
751 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
752 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
756 return $c->stash->{current_model_instance}
757 if $c->stash->{current_model_instance};
758 return $c->model( $c->stash->{current_model} )
759 if $c->stash->{current_model};
761 return $c->model( $appclass->config->{default_model} )
762 if $appclass->config->{default_model};
764 my( $comp, $rest ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( undef, qw/Model M/);
767 $c->log->warn( Carp::shortmess('Calling $c->model() will return a random model unless you specify one of:') );
768 $c->log->warn( '* $c->config(default_model => "the name of the default model to use")' );
769 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_model} # the name of the model to use for this request' );
770 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_model_instance} # the instance of the model to use for this request' );
771 $c->log->warn( 'NB: in version 5.81, the "random" behavior will not work at all.' );
774 return $c->_filter_component( $comp );
778 =head2 $c->view($name)
780 Gets a L<Catalyst::View> instance by name.
782 $c->view('Foo')->do_stuff;
784 Any extra arguments are directly passed to ACCEPT_CONTEXT.
786 If the name is omitted, it will look for
787 - a view object in $c->stash->{current_view_instance}, then
788 - a view name in $c->stash->{current_view}, then
789 - a config setting 'default_view', or
790 - check if there is only one view, and return it if that's the case.
792 If you want to search for views, pass in a regexp as the argument.
794 # find all views that start with Foo
795 my @foo_views = $c->view(qr{^Foo});
800 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
802 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
804 unless ( $name->$_isa('Regexp') ) { # Direct component hash lookup to avoid costly regexps
805 my $comps = $c->components;
806 my $check = $appclass."::View::".$name;
807 if( exists $comps->{$check} ) {
808 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{$check}, @args );
811 $c->log->warn( "Attempted to use view '$check', but does not exist" );
814 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/View V/ );
815 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
816 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
820 return $c->stash->{current_view_instance}
821 if $c->stash->{current_view_instance};
822 return $c->view( $c->stash->{current_view} )
823 if $c->stash->{current_view};
825 return $c->view( $appclass->config->{default_view} )
826 if $appclass->config->{default_view};
828 my( $comp, $rest ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( undef, qw/View V/);
831 $c->log->warn( 'Calling $c->view() will return a random view unless you specify one of:' );
832 $c->log->warn( '* $c->config(default_view => "the name of the default view to use")' );
833 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_view} # the name of the view to use for this request' );
834 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_view_instance} # the instance of the view to use for this request' );
835 $c->log->warn( 'NB: in version 5.81, the "random" behavior will not work at all.' );
838 return $c->_filter_component( $comp );
841 =head2 $c->controllers
843 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->controller
849 return $c->_comp_names(qw/Controller C/);
854 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->model
860 return $c->_comp_names(qw/Model M/);
866 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->view
872 return $c->_comp_names(qw/View V/);
875 =head2 $c->comp($name)
877 =head2 $c->component($name)
879 Gets a component object by name. This method is not recommended,
880 unless you want to get a specific component by full
881 class. C<< $c->controller >>, C<< $c->model >>, and C<< $c->view >>
882 should be used instead.
884 If C<$name> is a regexp, a list of components matched against the full
885 component name will be returned.
887 If Catalyst can't find a component by name, it will fallback to regex
888 matching by default. To disable this behaviour set
889 disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback to a true value.
891 __PACKAGE__->config( disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback => 1 );
896 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
899 my $comps = $c->components;
902 # is it the exact name?
903 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{ $name }, @args )
904 if exists $comps->{ $name };
906 # perhaps we just omitted "MyApp"?
907 my $composed = ( ref $c || $c ) . "::${name}";
908 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{ $composed }, @args )
909 if exists $comps->{ $composed };
911 # search all of the models, views and controllers
912 my( $comp ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Model M Controller C View V/ );
913 return $c->_filter_component( $comp, @args ) if $comp;
917 if $c->config->{disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback};
919 # This is here so $c->comp( '::M::' ) works
920 my $query = ref $name ? $name : qr{$name}i;
922 my @result = grep { m{$query} } keys %{ $c->components };
923 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
926 $c->log->warn( Carp::shortmess(qq(Found results for "${name}" using regexp fallback)) );
927 $c->log->warn( 'Relying on the regexp fallback behavior for component resolution' );
928 $c->log->warn( 'is unreliable and unsafe. You have been warned' );
929 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
932 # I would expect to return an empty list here, but that breaks back-compat
936 return sort keys %{ $c->components };
939 =head2 CLASS DATA AND HELPER CLASSES
943 Returns or takes a hashref containing the application's configuration.
945 __PACKAGE__->config( { db => 'dsn:SQLite:foo.db' } );
947 You can also use a C<YAML>, C<XML> or L<Config::General> config file
948 like C<myapp.conf> in your applications home directory. See
949 L<Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader>.
951 =head3 Cascading configuration
953 The config method is present on all Catalyst components, and configuration
954 will be merged when an application is started. Configuration loaded with
955 L<Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader> takes precedence over other configuration,
956 followed by configuration in your top level C<MyApp> class. These two
957 configurations are merged, and then configuration data whose hash key matches a
958 component name is merged with configuration for that component.
960 The configuration for a component is then passed to the C<new> method when a
961 component is constructed.
965 MyApp->config({ 'Model::Foo' => { bar => 'baz', overrides => 'me' } });
966 MyApp::Model::Foo->config({ quux => 'frob', overrides => 'this' });
968 will mean that C<MyApp::Model::Foo> receives the following data when
971 MyApp::Model::Foo->new({
977 It's common practice to use a Moose attribute
978 on the receiving component to access the config value.
980 package MyApp::Model::Foo;
984 # this attr will receive 'baz' at construction time
990 You can then get the value 'baz' by calling $c->model('Foo')->bar
991 (or $self->bar inside code in the model).
993 B<NOTE:> you MUST NOT call C<< $self->config >> or C<< __PACKAGE__->config >>
994 as a way of reading config within your code, as this B<will not> give you the
995 correctly merged config back. You B<MUST> take the config values supplied to
996 the constructor and use those instead.
1000 around config => sub {
1004 croak('Setting config after setup has been run is not allowed.')
1005 if ( @_ and $c->setup_finished );
1012 Returns the logging object instance. Unless it is already set, Catalyst
1013 sets this up with a L<Catalyst::Log> object. To use your own log class,
1014 set the logger with the C<< __PACKAGE__->log >> method prior to calling
1015 C<< __PACKAGE__->setup >>.
1017 __PACKAGE__->log( MyLogger->new );
1022 $c->log->info( 'Now logging with my own logger!' );
1024 Your log class should implement the methods described in
1029 Sets or gets the application encoding.
1038 # Let it be set to undef
1039 if (my $wanted = shift) {
1040 $encoding = Encode::find_encoding($wanted)
1041 or Carp::croak( qq/Unknown encoding '$wanted'/ );
1042 binmode(STDERR, ':encoding(' . $encoding->name . ')');
1049 ? $c->{encoding} = $encoding
1050 : $c->_encoding($encoding);
1052 $encoding = ref $c && exists $c->{encoding}
1062 Returns 1 if debug mode is enabled, 0 otherwise.
1064 You can enable debug mode in several ways:
1068 =item By calling myapp_server.pl with the -d flag
1070 =item With the environment variables MYAPP_DEBUG, or CATALYST_DEBUG
1072 =item The -Debug option in your MyApp.pm
1074 =item By declaring C<sub debug { 1 }> in your MyApp.pm.
1078 The first three also set the log level to 'debug'.
1080 Calling C<< $c->debug(1) >> has no effect.
1086 =head2 $c->dispatcher
1088 Returns the dispatcher instance. See L<Catalyst::Dispatcher>.
1092 Returns the engine instance. See L<Catalyst::Engine>.
1095 =head2 UTILITY METHODS
1097 =head2 $c->path_to(@path)
1099 Merges C<@path> with C<< $c->config->{home} >> and returns a
1100 L<Path::Class::Dir> object. Note you can usually use this object as
1101 a filename, but sometimes you will have to explicitly stringify it
1102 yourself by calling the C<< ->stringify >> method.
1106 $c->path_to( 'db', 'sqlite.db' );
1111 my ( $c, @path ) = @_;
1112 my $path = Path::Class::Dir->new( $c->config->{home}, @path );
1113 if ( -d $path ) { return $path }
1114 else { return Path::Class::File->new( $c->config->{home}, @path ) }
1118 my ( $class, $name, $plugin, @args ) = @_;
1120 # See block comment in t/unit_core_plugin.t
1121 $class->log->warn(qq/Adding plugin using the ->plugin method is deprecated, and will be removed in a future release/);
1123 $class->_register_plugin( $plugin, 1 );
1125 eval { $plugin->import };
1126 $class->mk_classdata($name);
1128 eval { $obj = $plugin->new(@args) };
1131 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
1132 qq/Couldn't instantiate instant plugin "$plugin", "$@"/ );
1135 $class->$name($obj);
1136 $class->log->debug(qq/Initialized instant plugin "$plugin" as "$name"/)
1142 Initializes the dispatcher and engine, loads any plugins, and loads the
1143 model, view, and controller components. You may also specify an array
1144 of plugins to load here, if you choose to not load them in the C<use
1148 MyApp->setup( qw/-Debug/ );
1150 B<Note:> You B<should not> wrap this method with method modifiers
1151 or bad things will happen - wrap the C<setup_finalize> method instead.
1156 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
1157 croak('Running setup more than once')
1158 if ( $class->setup_finished );
1160 unless ( $class->isa('Catalyst') ) {
1162 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
1163 message => qq/'$class' does not inherit from Catalyst/ );
1166 if ( $class->arguments ) {
1167 @arguments = ( @arguments, @{ $class->arguments } );
1173 foreach (@arguments) {
1177 ( $flags->{log} ) ? 'debug,' . $flags->{log} : 'debug';
1179 elsif (/^-(\w+)=?(.*)$/) {
1180 $flags->{ lc $1 } = $2;
1183 push @{ $flags->{plugins} }, $_;
1187 $class->setup_home( delete $flags->{home} );
1189 $class->setup_log( delete $flags->{log} );
1190 $class->setup_plugins( delete $flags->{plugins} );
1192 $class->setup_data_handlers();
1193 $class->setup_dispatcher( delete $flags->{dispatcher} );
1194 if (my $engine = delete $flags->{engine}) {
1195 $class->log->warn("Specifying the engine in ->setup is no longer supported, see Catalyst::Upgrading");
1197 $class->setup_engine();
1198 $class->setup_stats( delete $flags->{stats} );
1200 for my $flag ( sort keys %{$flags} ) {
1202 if ( my $code = $class->can( 'setup_' . $flag ) ) {
1203 &$code( $class, delete $flags->{$flag} );
1206 $class->log->warn(qq/Unknown flag "$flag"/);
1210 eval { require Catalyst::Devel; };
1211 if( !$@ && $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} && ( $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} < $Catalyst::Devel::CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN ) ) {
1212 $class->log->warn(<<"EOF");
1213 You are running an old script!
1215 Please update by running (this will overwrite existing files):
1216 catalyst.pl -force -scripts $class
1218 or (this will not overwrite existing files):
1219 catalyst.pl -scripts $class
1224 # Call plugins setup, this is stupid and evil.
1225 # Also screws C3 badly on 5.10, hack to avoid.
1227 no warnings qw/redefine/;
1228 local *setup = sub { };
1229 $class->setup unless $Catalyst::__AM_RESTARTING;
1232 # If you are expecting configuration info as part of your setup, it needs
1233 # to get called here and below, since we need the above line to support
1234 # ConfigLoader based configs.
1236 $class->setup_encoding();
1237 $class->setup_middleware();
1239 # Initialize our data structure
1240 $class->components( {} );
1242 $class->setup_components;
1244 if ( $class->debug ) {
1245 my @plugins = map { "$_ " . ( $_->VERSION || '' ) } $class->registered_plugins;
1248 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 6;
1249 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new($column_width);
1250 $t->row($_) for @plugins;
1251 $class->log->debug( "Loaded plugins:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" );
1254 my @middleware = map {
1257 (ref($_) .' '. ($_->can('VERSION') ? $_->VERSION || '' : '')
1258 || '') } $class->registered_middlewares;
1261 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 6;
1262 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new($column_width);
1263 $t->row($_) for @middleware;
1264 $class->log->debug( "Loaded PSGI Middleware:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" );
1267 my %dh = $class->registered_data_handlers;
1268 if (my @data_handlers = keys %dh) {
1269 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 6;
1270 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new($column_width);
1271 $t->row($_) for @data_handlers;
1272 $class->log->debug( "Loaded Request Data Handlers:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" );
1275 my $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher;
1276 my $engine = $class->engine;
1277 my $home = $class->config->{home};
1279 $class->log->debug(sprintf(q/Loaded dispatcher "%s"/, blessed($dispatcher)));
1280 $class->log->debug(sprintf(q/Loaded engine "%s"/, blessed($engine)));
1284 ? $class->log->debug(qq/Found home "$home"/)
1285 : $class->log->debug(qq/Home "$home" doesn't exist/)
1286 : $class->log->debug(q/Couldn't find home/);
1288 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 8 - 9;
1289 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ $column_width, 'Class' ], [ 8, 'Type' ] );
1290 for my $comp ( sort keys %{ $class->components } ) {
1291 my $type = ref $class->components->{$comp} ? 'instance' : 'class';
1292 $t->row( $comp, $type );
1294 $class->log->debug( "Loaded components:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" )
1295 if ( keys %{ $class->components } );
1298 # Add our self to components, since we are also a component
1299 if( $class->isa('Catalyst::Controller') ){
1300 $class->components->{$class} = $class;
1303 $class->setup_actions;
1305 if ( $class->debug ) {
1306 my $name = $class->config->{name} || 'Application';
1307 $class->log->info("$name powered by Catalyst $Catalyst::VERSION");
1310 if ($class->config->{case_sensitive}) {
1311 $class->log->warn($class . "->config->{case_sensitive} is set.");
1312 $class->log->warn("This setting is deprecated and planned to be removed in Catalyst 5.81.");
1315 $class->setup_finalize;
1317 # Flush the log for good measure (in case something turned off 'autoflush' early)
1318 $class->log->_flush() if $class->log->can('_flush');
1320 return $class || 1; # Just in case someone named their Application 0...
1323 =head2 $app->setup_finalize
1325 A hook to attach modifiers to. This method does not do anything except set the
1326 C<setup_finished> accessor.
1328 Applying method modifiers to the C<setup> method doesn't work, because of quirky things done for plugin setup.
1332 after setup_finalize => sub {
1340 sub setup_finalize {
1342 $class->setup_finished(1);
1345 =head2 $c->uri_for( $path?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1347 =head2 $c->uri_for( $action, \@captures?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1349 Constructs an absolute L<URI> object based on the application root, the
1350 provided path, and the additional arguments and query parameters provided.
1351 When used as a string, provides a textual URI. If you need more flexibility
1352 than this (i.e. the option to provide relative URIs etc.) see
1353 L<Catalyst::Plugin::SmartURI>.
1355 If no arguments are provided, the URI for the current action is returned.
1356 To return the current action and also provide @args, use
1357 C<< $c->uri_for( $c->action, @args ) >>.
1359 If the first argument is a string, it is taken as a public URI path relative
1360 to C<< $c->namespace >> (if it doesn't begin with a forward slash) or
1361 relative to the application root (if it does). It is then merged with
1362 C<< $c->request->base >>; any C<@args> are appended as additional path
1363 components; and any C<%query_values> are appended as C<?foo=bar> parameters.
1365 If the first argument is a L<Catalyst::Action> it represents an action which
1366 will have its path resolved using C<< $c->dispatcher->uri_for_action >>. The
1367 optional C<\@captures> argument (an arrayref) allows passing the captured
1368 variables that are needed to fill in the paths of Chained and Regex actions;
1369 once the path is resolved, C<uri_for> continues as though a path was
1370 provided, appending any arguments or parameters and creating an absolute
1373 The captures for the current request can be found in
1374 C<< $c->request->captures >>, and actions can be resolved using
1375 C<< Catalyst::Controller->action_for($name) >>. If you have a private action
1376 path, use C<< $c->uri_for_action >> instead.
1378 # Equivalent to $c->req->uri
1379 $c->uri_for($c->action, $c->req->captures,
1380 @{ $c->req->args }, $c->req->params);
1382 # For the Foo action in the Bar controller
1383 $c->uri_for($c->controller('Bar')->action_for('Foo'));
1385 # Path to a static resource
1386 $c->uri_for('/static/images/logo.png');
1391 my ( $c, $path, @args ) = @_;
1393 if ( $path->$_isa('Catalyst::Controller') ) {
1394 $path = $path->path_prefix;
1399 undef($path) if (defined $path && $path eq '');
1402 ( scalar @args && ref $args[$#args] eq 'HASH' ? pop @args : {} );
1404 carp "uri_for called with undef argument" if grep { ! defined $_ } @args;
1405 foreach my $arg (@args) {
1406 utf8::encode($arg) if utf8::is_utf8($arg);
1407 $arg =~ s/([^$URI::uric])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1410 if ( $path->$_isa('Catalyst::Action') ) { # action object
1411 s|/|%2F|g for @args;
1412 my $captures = [ map { s|/|%2F|g; $_; }
1413 ( scalar @args && ref $args[0] eq 'ARRAY'
1417 foreach my $capture (@$captures) {
1418 utf8::encode($capture) if utf8::is_utf8($capture);
1419 $capture =~ s/([^$URI::uric])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1423 # ->uri_for( $action, \@captures_and_args, \%query_values? )
1424 if( !@args && $action->number_of_args ) {
1425 my $expanded_action = $c->dispatcher->expand_action( $action );
1427 my $num_captures = $expanded_action->number_of_captures;
1428 unshift @args, splice @$captures, $num_captures;
1431 $path = $c->dispatcher->uri_for_action($action, $captures);
1432 if (not defined $path) {
1433 $c->log->debug(qq/Can't find uri_for action '$action' @$captures/)
1437 $path = '/' if $path eq '';
1440 unshift(@args, $path);
1442 unless (defined $path && $path =~ s!^/!!) { # in-place strip
1443 my $namespace = $c->namespace;
1444 if (defined $path) { # cheesy hack to handle path '../foo'
1445 $namespace =~ s{(?:^|/)[^/]+$}{} while $args[0] =~ s{^\.\./}{};
1447 unshift(@args, $namespace || '');
1450 # join args with '/', or a blank string
1451 my $args = join('/', grep { defined($_) } @args);
1452 $args =~ s/\?/%3F/g; # STUPID STUPID SPECIAL CASE
1455 my ($base, $class) = ('/', 'URI::_generic');
1457 $base = $c->req->base;
1458 $class = ref($base);
1459 $base =~ s{(?<!/)$}{/};
1464 if (my @keys = keys %$params) {
1465 # somewhat lifted from URI::_query's query_form
1466 $query = '?'.join('&', map {
1467 my $val = $params->{$_};
1468 s/([;\/?:@&=+,\$\[\]%])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1471 $val = '' unless defined $val;
1474 utf8::encode( $param ) if utf8::is_utf8($param);
1475 # using the URI::Escape pattern here so utf8 chars survive
1476 $param =~ s/([^A-Za-z0-9\-_.!~*'() ])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1478 "${key}=$param"; } ( ref $val eq 'ARRAY' ? @$val : $val ));
1482 my $res = bless(\"${base}${args}${query}", $class);
1486 =head2 $c->uri_for_action( $path, \@captures_and_args?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1488 =head2 $c->uri_for_action( $action, \@captures_and_args?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1494 A private path to the Catalyst action you want to create a URI for.
1496 This is a shortcut for calling C<< $c->dispatcher->get_action_by_path($path)
1497 >> and passing the resulting C<$action> and the remaining arguments to C<<
1500 You can also pass in a Catalyst::Action object, in which case it is passed to
1503 Note that although the path looks like a URI that dispatches to the wanted action, it is not a URI, but an internal path to that action.
1505 For example, if the action looks like:
1507 package MyApp::Controller::Users;
1509 sub lst : Path('the-list') {}
1513 $c->uri_for_action('/users/lst')
1515 and it will create the URI /users/the-list.
1517 =item \@captures_and_args?
1519 Optional array reference of Captures (i.e. C<<CaptureArgs or $c->req->captures>)
1520 and arguments to the request. Usually used with L<Catalyst::DispatchType::Chained>
1521 to interpolate all the parameters in the URI.
1525 Optional list of extra arguments - can be supplied in the
1526 C<< \@captures_and_args? >> array ref, or here - whichever is easier for your
1529 Your action can have zero, a fixed or a variable number of args (e.g.
1530 C<< Args(1) >> for a fixed number or C<< Args() >> for a variable number)..
1532 =item \%query_values?
1534 Optional array reference of query parameters to append. E.g.
1540 /rest/of/your/uri?foo=bar
1546 sub uri_for_action {
1547 my ( $c, $path, @args ) = @_;
1548 my $action = blessed($path)
1550 : $c->dispatcher->get_action_by_path($path);
1551 unless (defined $action) {
1552 croak "Can't find action for path '$path'";
1554 return $c->uri_for( $action, @args );
1557 =head2 $c->welcome_message
1559 Returns the Catalyst welcome HTML page.
1563 sub welcome_message {
1565 my $name = $c->config->{name};
1566 my $logo = $c->uri_for('/static/images/catalyst_logo.png');
1567 my $prefix = Catalyst::Utils::appprefix( ref $c );
1568 $c->response->content_type('text/html; charset=utf-8');
1570 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
1571 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
1572 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
1574 <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en" />
1575 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
1576 <title>$name on Catalyst $VERSION</title>
1577 <style type="text/css">
1580 background-color: #eee;
1587 margin-bottom: 10px;
1589 background-color: #ccc;
1590 border: 1px solid #aaa;
1595 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
1598 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
1601 text-decoration: none;
1603 border-bottom: 1px dotted #bbb;
1605 :link:hover, :visited:hover {
1618 background-color: #fff;
1619 border: 1px solid #aaa;
1623 font-weight: normal;
1645 <h1><span id="appname">$name</span> on <a href="http://catalyst.perl.org">Catalyst</a>
1650 <img src="$logo" alt="Catalyst Logo" />
1652 <p>Welcome to the world of Catalyst.
1653 This <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MVC">MVC</a>
1654 framework will make web development something you had
1655 never expected it to be: Fun, rewarding, and quick.</p>
1656 <h2>What to do now?</h2>
1657 <p>That really depends on what <b>you</b> want to do.
1658 We do, however, provide you with a few starting points.</p>
1659 <p>If you want to jump right into web development with Catalyst
1660 you might want to start with a tutorial.</p>
1661 <pre>perldoc <a href="https://metacpan.org/module/Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial">Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial</a></code>
1663 <p>Afterwards you can go on to check out a more complete look at our features.</p>
1665 <code>perldoc <a href="https://metacpan.org/module/Catalyst::Manual::Intro">Catalyst::Manual::Intro</a>
1666 <!-- Something else should go here, but the Catalyst::Manual link seems unhelpful -->
1668 <h2>What to do next?</h2>
1669 <p>Next it's time to write an actual application. Use the
1670 helper scripts to generate <a href="https://metacpan.org/search?q=Catalyst%3A%3AController">controllers</a>,
1671 <a href="https://metacpan.org/search?q=Catalyst%3A%3AModel">models</a>, and
1672 <a href="https://metacpan.org/search?q=Catalyst%3A%3AView">views</a>;
1673 they can save you a lot of work.</p>
1674 <pre><code>script/${prefix}_create.pl --help</code></pre>
1675 <p>Also, be sure to check out the vast and growing
1676 collection of <a href="http://search.cpan.org/search?query=Catalyst">plugins for Catalyst on CPAN</a>;
1677 you are likely to find what you need there.
1681 <p>Catalyst has a very active community. Here are the main places to
1682 get in touch with us.</p>
1685 <a href="http://dev.catalyst.perl.org">Wiki</a>
1688 <a href="http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst">Mailing-List</a>
1691 <a href="irc://irc.perl.org/catalyst">IRC channel #catalyst on irc.perl.org</a>
1694 <h2>In conclusion</h2>
1695 <p>The Catalyst team hopes you will enjoy using Catalyst as much
1696 as we enjoyed making it. Please contact us if you have ideas
1697 for improvement or other feedback.</p>
1707 Contains a hash of options passed from the application script, including
1708 the original ARGV the script received, the processed values from that
1709 ARGV and any extra arguments to the script which were not processed.
1711 This can be used to add custom options to your application's scripts
1712 and setup your application differently depending on the values of these
1715 =head1 INTERNAL METHODS
1717 These methods are not meant to be used by end users.
1719 =head2 $c->components
1721 Returns a hash of components.
1723 =head2 $c->context_class
1725 Returns or sets the context class.
1729 Returns a hashref containing coderefs and execution counts (needed for
1730 deep recursion detection).
1734 Returns the number of actions on the current internal execution stack.
1738 Dispatches a request to actions.
1742 sub dispatch { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->dispatch( $c, @_ ) }
1744 =head2 $c->dispatcher_class
1746 Returns or sets the dispatcher class.
1748 =head2 $c->dump_these
1750 Returns a list of 2-element array references (name, structure) pairs
1751 that will be dumped on the error page in debug mode.
1757 [ Request => $c->req ],
1758 [ Response => $c->res ],
1759 [ Stash => $c->stash ],
1760 [ Config => $c->config ];
1763 =head2 $c->engine_class
1765 Returns or sets the engine class.
1767 =head2 $c->execute( $class, $coderef )
1769 Execute a coderef in given class and catch exceptions. Errors are available
1775 my ( $c, $class, $code ) = @_;
1776 $class = $c->component($class) || $class;
1779 if ( $c->depth >= $RECURSION ) {
1780 my $action = $code->reverse();
1781 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /->/;
1782 my $error = qq/Deep recursion detected calling "${action}"/;
1783 $c->log->error($error);
1789 my $stats_info = $c->_stats_start_execute( $code ) if $c->use_stats;
1791 push( @{ $c->stack }, $code );
1793 no warnings 'recursion';
1794 # N.B. This used to be combined, but I have seen $c get clobbered if so, and
1795 # I have no idea how, ergo $ret (which appears to fix the issue)
1796 eval { my $ret = $code->execute( $class, $c, @{ $c->req->args } ) || 0; $c->state( $ret ) };
1798 $c->_stats_finish_execute( $stats_info ) if $c->use_stats and $stats_info;
1800 my $last = pop( @{ $c->stack } );
1802 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1803 #rethow if this can be handled by middleware
1805 !$c->config->{always_catch_http_exceptions} &&
1807 $error->can('as_psgi') ||
1809 $error->can('code') &&
1810 $error->code =~m/^[1-5][0-9][0-9]$/
1814 foreach my $err (@{$c->error}) {
1815 $c->log->error($err);
1818 $c->log->_flush if $c->log->can('_flush');
1820 $error->can('rethrow') ? $error->rethrow : croak $error;
1822 if ( blessed($error) and $error->isa('Catalyst::Exception::Detach') ) {
1823 $error->rethrow if $c->depth > 1;
1825 elsif ( blessed($error) and $error->isa('Catalyst::Exception::Go') ) {
1826 $error->rethrow if $c->depth > 0;
1829 unless ( ref $error ) {
1830 no warnings 'uninitialized';
1832 my $class = $last->class;
1833 my $name = $last->name;
1834 $error = qq/Caught exception in $class->$name "$error"/;
1843 sub _stats_start_execute {
1844 my ( $c, $code ) = @_;
1845 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
1846 return if ( ( $code->name =~ /^_.*/ )
1847 && ( !$appclass->config->{show_internal_actions} ) );
1849 my $action_name = $code->reverse();
1850 $c->counter->{$action_name}++;
1852 my $action = $action_name;
1853 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /->/;
1855 # determine if the call was the result of a forward
1856 # this is done by walking up the call stack and looking for a calling
1857 # sub of Catalyst::forward before the eval
1859 for my $index ( 2 .. 11 ) {
1861 if ( ( caller($index) )[0] eq 'Catalyst'
1862 && ( caller($index) )[3] eq '(eval)' );
1864 if ( ( caller($index) )[3] =~ /forward$/ ) {
1865 $callsub = ( caller($index) )[3];
1866 $action = "-> $action";
1871 my $uid = $action_name . $c->counter->{$action_name};
1873 # is this a root-level call or a forwarded call?
1874 if ( $callsub =~ /forward$/ ) {
1875 my $parent = $c->stack->[-1];
1877 # forward, locate the caller
1878 if ( defined $parent && exists $c->counter->{"$parent"} ) {
1881 parent => "$parent" . $c->counter->{"$parent"},
1887 # forward with no caller may come from a plugin
1906 sub _stats_finish_execute {
1907 my ( $c, $info ) = @_;
1908 $c->stats->profile( end => $info );
1913 Finalizes the request.
1920 for my $error ( @{ $c->error } ) {
1921 $c->log->error($error);
1924 # Support skipping finalize for psgix.io style 'jailbreak'. Used to support
1925 # stuff like cometd and websockets
1927 if($c->request->_has_io_fh) {
1932 # Allow engine to handle finalize flow (for POE)
1933 my $engine = $c->engine;
1934 if ( my $code = $engine->can('finalize') ) {
1939 $c->finalize_uploads;
1942 if ( $#{ $c->error } >= 0 ) {
1946 $c->finalize_encoding;
1947 $c->finalize_headers unless $c->response->finalized_headers;
1953 if ($c->use_stats) {
1954 my $elapsed = $c->stats->elapsed;
1955 my $av = $elapsed == 0 ? '??' : sprintf '%.3f', 1 / $elapsed;
1957 "Request took ${elapsed}s ($av/s)\n" . $c->stats->report . "\n" );
1960 return $c->response->status;
1963 =head2 $c->finalize_body
1969 sub finalize_body { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_body( $c, @_ ) }
1971 =head2 $c->finalize_cookies
1977 sub finalize_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_cookies( $c, @_ ) }
1979 =head2 $c->finalize_error
1981 Finalizes error. If there is only one error in L</error> and it is an object that
1982 does C<as_psgi> or C<code> we rethrow the error and presume it caught by middleware
1983 up the ladder. Otherwise we return the debugging error page (in debug mode) or we
1984 return the default error page (production mode).
1988 sub finalize_error {
1990 if($#{$c->error} > 0) {
1991 $c->engine->finalize_error( $c, @_ );
1993 my ($error) = @{$c->error};
1995 !$c->config->{always_catch_http_exceptions} &&
1997 ($error->can('as_psgi') || $error->can('code'))
1999 # In the case where the error 'knows what it wants', becauses its PSGI
2000 # aware, just rethow and let middleware catch it
2001 $error->can('rethrow') ? $error->rethrow : croak $error;
2003 $c->engine->finalize_error( $c, @_ )
2008 =head2 $c->finalize_headers
2014 sub finalize_headers {
2017 my $response = $c->response; #accessor calls can add up?
2019 # Check if we already finalized headers
2020 return if $response->finalized_headers;
2023 if ( my $location = $response->redirect ) {
2024 $c->log->debug(qq/Redirecting to "$location"/) if $c->debug;
2025 $response->header( Location => $location );
2028 # Remove incorrectly added body and content related meta data when returning
2029 # an information response, or a response the is required to not include a body
2031 $c->finalize_cookies;
2033 $c->response->finalize_headers();
2036 $response->finalized_headers(1);
2039 =head2 $c->finalize_encoding
2041 Make sure your headers and body are encoded properly IF you set an encoding.
2046 sub finalize_encoding {
2049 my $body = $c->response->body;
2051 return unless defined($body);
2053 my $enc = $c->encoding;
2057 my ($ct, $ct_enc) = $c->response->content_type;
2059 # Only touch 'text-like' contents
2060 return unless $c->response->content_type =~ /^text|xml$|javascript$/;
2062 if ($ct_enc && $ct_enc =~ /charset=([^;]*)/) {
2063 if (uc($1) ne uc($enc->mime_name)) {
2064 $c->log->debug("Unicode::Encoding is set to encode in '" .
2066 "', content type is '$1', not encoding ");
2070 $c->res->content_type($c->res->content_type . "; charset=" . $enc->mime_name);
2073 # Oh my, I wonder what filehandle responses and streams do... - jnap.
2074 # Encode expects plain scalars (IV, NV or PV) and segfaults on ref's
2075 $c->response->body( $c->encoding->encode( $body, $c->_encode_check ) )
2076 if ref(\$body) eq 'SCALAR';
2079 =head2 $c->finalize_output
2081 An alias for finalize_body.
2083 =head2 $c->finalize_read
2085 Finalizes the input after reading is complete.
2089 sub finalize_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_read( $c, @_ ) }
2091 =head2 $c->finalize_uploads
2093 Finalizes uploads. Cleans up any temporary files.
2097 sub finalize_uploads { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_uploads( $c, @_ ) }
2099 =head2 $c->get_action( $action, $namespace )
2101 Gets an action in a given namespace.
2105 sub get_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_action(@_) }
2107 =head2 $c->get_actions( $action, $namespace )
2109 Gets all actions of a given name in a namespace and all parent
2114 sub get_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_actions( $c, @_ ) }
2116 =head2 $app->handle_request( @arguments )
2118 Called to handle each HTTP request.
2122 sub handle_request {
2123 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
2125 # Always expect worst case!
2128 if ($class->debug) {
2129 my $secs = time - $START || 1;
2130 my $av = sprintf '%.3f', $COUNT / $secs;
2131 my $time = localtime time;
2132 $class->log->info("*** Request $COUNT ($av/s) [$$] [$time] ***");
2135 my $c = $class->prepare(@arguments);
2137 $status = $c->finalize;
2139 #rethow if this can be handled by middleware
2141 !$class->config->{always_catch_http_exceptions} &&
2143 $_->can('as_psgi') ||
2146 $_->code =~m/^[1-5][0-9][0-9]$/
2150 $_->can('rethrow') ? $_->rethrow : croak $_;
2152 chomp(my $error = $_);
2153 $class->log->error(qq/Caught exception in engine "$error"/);
2158 if(my $coderef = $class->log->can('_flush')){
2159 $class->log->$coderef();
2164 =head2 $class->prepare( @arguments )
2166 Creates a Catalyst context from an engine-specific request (Apache, CGI,
2173 predicate => '_has_uploadtmp',
2177 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
2180 # After the app/ctxt split, this should become an attribute based on something passed
2181 # into the application.
2182 $class->context_class( ref $class || $class ) unless $class->context_class;
2184 my $uploadtmp = $class->config->{uploadtmp};
2185 my $c = $class->context_class->new({ $uploadtmp ? (_uploadtmp => $uploadtmp) : ()});
2187 $c->response->_context($c);
2189 #surely this is not the most efficient way to do things...
2190 $c->stats($class->stats_class->new)->enable($c->use_stats);
2191 if ( $c->debug || $c->config->{enable_catalyst_header} ) {
2192 $c->res->headers->header( 'X-Catalyst' => $Catalyst::VERSION );
2196 # Allow engine to direct the prepare flow (for POE)
2197 if ( my $prepare = $c->engine->can('prepare') ) {
2198 $c->engine->$prepare( $c, @arguments );
2201 $c->prepare_request(@arguments);
2202 $c->prepare_connection;
2203 $c->prepare_query_parameters;
2204 $c->prepare_headers; # Just hooks, no longer needed - they just
2205 $c->prepare_cookies; # cause the lazy attribute on req to build
2208 # Prepare the body for reading, either by prepare_body
2209 # or the user, if they are using $c->read
2212 # Parse the body unless the user wants it on-demand
2213 unless ( ref($c)->config->{parse_on_demand} ) {
2219 # VERY ugly and probably shouldn't rely on ->finalize actually working
2221 # failed prepare is always due to an invalid request, right?
2222 $c->response->status(400);
2223 $c->response->content_type('text/plain');
2224 $c->response->body('Bad Request');
2225 # Note we call finalize and then die here, which escapes
2226 # finalize being called in the enclosing block..
2227 # It in fact couldn't be called, as we don't return $c..
2228 # This is a mess - but I'm unsure you can fix this without
2229 # breaking compat for people doing crazy things (we should set
2230 # the 400 and just return the ctx here IMO, letting finalize get called
2241 =head2 $c->prepare_action
2243 Prepares action. See L<Catalyst::Dispatcher>.
2247 sub prepare_action {
2249 my $ret = $c->dispatcher->prepare_action( $c, @_);
2252 foreach (@{$c->req->arguments}, @{$c->req->captures}) {
2253 $_ = $c->_handle_param_unicode_decoding($_);
2261 =head2 $c->prepare_body
2263 Prepares message body.
2270 return if $c->request->_has_body;
2272 # Initialize on-demand data
2273 $c->engine->prepare_body( $c, @_ );
2274 $c->prepare_parameters;
2275 $c->prepare_uploads;
2278 =head2 $c->prepare_body_chunk( $chunk )
2280 Prepares a chunk of data before sending it to L<HTTP::Body>.
2282 See L<Catalyst::Engine>.
2286 sub prepare_body_chunk {
2288 $c->engine->prepare_body_chunk( $c, @_ );
2291 =head2 $c->prepare_body_parameters
2293 Prepares body parameters.
2297 sub prepare_body_parameters {
2299 $c->engine->prepare_body_parameters( $c, @_ );
2302 =head2 $c->prepare_connection
2304 Prepares connection.
2308 sub prepare_connection {
2310 $c->request->prepare_connection($c);
2313 =head2 $c->prepare_cookies
2315 Prepares cookies by ensuring that the attribute on the request
2316 object has been built.
2320 sub prepare_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->request->cookies }
2322 =head2 $c->prepare_headers
2324 Prepares request headers by ensuring that the attribute on the request
2325 object has been built.
2329 sub prepare_headers { my $c = shift; $c->request->headers }
2331 =head2 $c->prepare_parameters
2333 Prepares parameters.
2337 sub prepare_parameters {
2339 $c->prepare_body_parameters;
2340 $c->engine->prepare_parameters( $c, @_ );
2343 =head2 $c->prepare_path
2345 Prepares path and base.
2349 sub prepare_path { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_path( $c, @_ ) }
2351 =head2 $c->prepare_query_parameters
2353 Prepares query parameters.
2357 sub prepare_query_parameters {
2360 $c->engine->prepare_query_parameters( $c, @_ );
2363 =head2 $c->log_request
2365 Writes information about the request to the debug logs. This includes:
2369 =item * Request method, path, and remote IP address
2371 =item * Query keywords (see L<Catalyst::Request/query_keywords>)
2373 =item * Request parameters
2375 =item * File uploads
2384 return unless $c->debug;
2386 my($dump) = grep {$_->[0] eq 'Request' } $c->dump_these;
2387 my $request = $dump->[1];
2389 my ( $method, $path, $address ) = ( $request->method, $request->path, $request->address );
2391 $path = '/' unless length $path;
2393 $c->log->debug(qq/"$method" request for "$path" from "$address"/);
2395 $c->log_request_headers($request->headers);
2397 if ( my $keywords = $request->query_keywords ) {
2398 $c->log->debug("Query keywords are: $keywords");
2401 $c->log_request_parameters( query => $request->query_parameters, $request->_has_body ? (body => $request->body_parameters) : () );
2403 $c->log_request_uploads($request);
2406 =head2 $c->log_response
2408 Writes information about the response to the debug logs by calling
2409 C<< $c->log_response_status_line >> and C<< $c->log_response_headers >>.
2416 return unless $c->debug;
2418 my($dump) = grep {$_->[0] eq 'Response' } $c->dump_these;
2419 my $response = $dump->[1];
2421 $c->log_response_status_line($response);
2422 $c->log_response_headers($response->headers);
2425 =head2 $c->log_response_status_line($response)
2427 Writes one line of information about the response to the debug logs. This includes:
2431 =item * Response status code
2433 =item * Content-Type header (if present)
2435 =item * Content-Length header (if present)
2441 sub log_response_status_line {
2442 my ($c, $response) = @_;
2446 'Response Code: %s; Content-Type: %s; Content-Length: %s',
2447 $response->status || 'unknown',
2448 $response->headers->header('Content-Type') || 'unknown',
2449 $response->headers->header('Content-Length') || 'unknown'
2454 =head2 $c->log_response_headers($headers);
2456 Hook method which can be wrapped by plugins to log the response headers.
2457 No-op in the default implementation.
2461 sub log_response_headers {}
2463 =head2 $c->log_request_parameters( query => {}, body => {} )
2465 Logs request parameters to debug logs
2469 sub log_request_parameters {
2471 my %all_params = @_;
2473 return unless $c->debug;
2475 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 44;
2476 foreach my $type (qw(query body)) {
2477 my $params = $all_params{$type};
2478 next if ! keys %$params;
2479 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 35, 'Parameter' ], [ $column_width, 'Value' ] );
2480 for my $key ( sort keys %$params ) {
2481 my $param = $params->{$key};
2482 my $value = defined($param) ? $param : '';
2483 $t->row( $key, ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ? ( join ', ', @$value ) : $value );
2485 $c->log->debug( ucfirst($type) . " Parameters are:\n" . $t->draw );
2489 =head2 $c->log_request_uploads
2491 Logs file uploads included in the request to the debug logs.
2492 The parameter name, filename, file type, and file size are all included in
2497 sub log_request_uploads {
2499 my $request = shift;
2500 return unless $c->debug;
2501 my $uploads = $request->uploads;
2502 if ( keys %$uploads ) {
2503 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new(
2504 [ 12, 'Parameter' ],
2509 for my $key ( sort keys %$uploads ) {
2510 my $upload = $uploads->{$key};
2511 for my $u ( ref $upload eq 'ARRAY' ? @{$upload} : ($upload) ) {
2512 $t->row( $key, $u->filename, $u->type, $u->size );
2515 $c->log->debug( "File Uploads are:\n" . $t->draw );
2519 =head2 $c->log_request_headers($headers);
2521 Hook method which can be wrapped by plugins to log the request headers.
2522 No-op in the default implementation.
2526 sub log_request_headers {}
2528 =head2 $c->log_headers($type => $headers)
2530 Logs L<HTTP::Headers> (either request or response) to the debug logs.
2537 my $headers = shift; # an HTTP::Headers instance
2539 return unless $c->debug;
2541 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 28;
2542 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 15, 'Header Name' ], [ $column_width, 'Value' ] );
2545 my ( $name, $value ) = @_;
2546 $t->row( $name, $value );
2549 $c->log->debug( ucfirst($type) . " Headers:\n" . $t->draw );
2553 =head2 $c->prepare_read
2555 Prepares the input for reading.
2559 sub prepare_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_read( $c, @_ ) }
2561 =head2 $c->prepare_request
2563 Prepares the engine request.
2567 sub prepare_request { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_request( $c, @_ ) }
2569 =head2 $c->prepare_uploads
2575 sub prepare_uploads {
2577 $c->engine->prepare_uploads( $c, @_ );
2579 my $enc = $c->encoding;
2582 # Uggg we hook prepare uploads to do the encoding crap on post and query
2583 # parameters! Sorry -jnap
2584 for my $key (qw/ parameters query_parameters body_parameters /) {
2585 for my $value ( values %{ $c->request->{$key} } ) {
2586 # N.B. Check if already a character string and if so do not try to double decode.
2587 # http://www.mail-archive.com/catalyst@lists.scsys.co.uk/msg02350.html
2588 # this avoids exception if we have already decoded content, and is _not_ the
2589 # same as not encoding on output which is bad news (as it does the wrong thing
2590 # for latin1 chars for example)..
2591 $value = $c->_handle_unicode_decoding($value);
2594 for my $value ( values %{ $c->request->uploads } ) {
2595 # skip if it fails for uploads, as we don't usually want uploads touched
2597 for my $inner_value ( ref($value) eq 'ARRAY' ? @{$value} : $value ) {
2598 $inner_value->{filename} = try {
2599 $enc->decode( $inner_value->{filename}, $c->_encode_check )
2601 $c->handle_unicode_encoding_exception({
2602 param_value => $inner_value->{filename},
2604 encoding_step => 'uploads',
2611 =head2 $c->prepare_write
2613 Prepares the output for writing.
2617 sub prepare_write { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_write( $c, @_ ) }
2619 =head2 $c->request_class
2621 Returns or sets the request class. Defaults to L<Catalyst::Request>.
2623 =head2 $c->response_class
2625 Returns or sets the response class. Defaults to L<Catalyst::Response>.
2627 =head2 $c->read( [$maxlength] )
2629 Reads a chunk of data from the request body. This method is designed to
2630 be used in a while loop, reading C<$maxlength> bytes on every call.
2631 C<$maxlength> defaults to the size of the request if not specified.
2633 You have to set C<< MyApp->config(parse_on_demand => 1) >> to use this
2636 Warning: If you use read(), Catalyst will not process the body,
2637 so you will not be able to access POST parameters or file uploads via
2638 $c->request. You must handle all body parsing yourself.
2642 sub read { my $c = shift; return $c->request->read( @_ ) }
2652 $app->_make_immutable_if_needed;
2653 $app->engine_loader->needs_psgi_engine_compat_hack ?
2654 $app->engine->run($app, @_) :
2655 $app->engine->run( $app, $app->_finalized_psgi_app, @_ );
2658 sub _make_immutable_if_needed {
2660 my $meta = find_meta($class);
2661 my $isa_ca = $class->isa('Class::Accessor::Fast') || $class->isa('Class::Accessor');
2664 && ! { $meta->immutable_options }->{replace_constructor}
2667 warn("You made your application class ($class) immutable, "
2668 . "but did not inline the\nconstructor. "
2669 . "This will break catalyst, as your app \@ISA "
2670 . "Class::Accessor(::Fast)?\nPlease pass "
2671 . "(replace_constructor => 1)\nwhen making your class immutable.\n");
2673 unless ($meta->is_immutable) {
2674 # XXX - FIXME warning here as you should make your app immutable yourself.
2675 $meta->make_immutable(
2676 replace_constructor => 1,
2681 =head2 $c->set_action( $action, $code, $namespace, $attrs )
2683 Sets an action in a given namespace.
2687 sub set_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->set_action( $c, @_ ) }
2689 =head2 $c->setup_actions($component)
2691 Sets up actions for a component.
2695 sub setup_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->setup_actions( $c, @_ ) }
2697 =head2 $c->setup_components
2699 This method is called internally to set up the application's components.
2701 It finds modules by calling the L<locate_components> method, expands them to
2702 package names with the L<expand_component_module> method, and then installs
2703 each component into the application.
2705 The C<setup_components> config option is passed to both of the above methods.
2707 Installation of each component is performed by the L<setup_component> method,
2712 sub setup_components {
2715 my $config = $class->config->{ setup_components };
2717 my @comps = $class->locate_components($config);
2718 my %comps = map { $_ => 1 } @comps;
2720 my $deprecatedcatalyst_component_names = grep { /::[CMV]::/ } @comps;
2721 $class->log->warn(qq{Your application is using the deprecated ::[MVC]:: type naming scheme.\n}.
2722 qq{Please switch your class names to ::Model::, ::View:: and ::Controller: as appropriate.\n}
2723 ) if $deprecatedcatalyst_component_names;
2725 for my $component ( @comps ) {
2727 # We pass ignore_loaded here so that overlay files for (e.g.)
2728 # Model::DBI::Schema sub-classes are loaded - if it's in @comps
2729 # we know M::P::O found a file on disk so this is safe
2731 Catalyst::Utils::ensure_class_loaded( $component, { ignore_loaded => 1 } );
2734 for my $component (@comps) {
2735 my $instance = $class->components->{ $component } = $class->setup_component($component);
2736 my @expanded_components = $instance->can('expand_modules')
2737 ? $instance->expand_modules( $component, $config )
2738 : $class->expand_component_module( $component, $config );
2739 for my $component (@expanded_components) {
2740 next if $comps{$component};
2741 $class->components->{ $component } = $class->setup_component($component);
2746 =head2 $c->locate_components( $setup_component_config )
2748 This method is meant to provide a list of component modules that should be
2749 setup for the application. By default, it will use L<Module::Pluggable>.
2751 Specify a C<setup_components> config option to pass additional options directly
2752 to L<Module::Pluggable>. To add additional search paths, specify a key named
2753 C<search_extra> as an array reference. Items in the array beginning with C<::>
2754 will have the application class name prepended to them.
2758 sub locate_components {
2762 my @paths = qw( ::M ::Model ::V ::View ::C ::Controller );
2763 my $extra = delete $config->{ search_extra } || [];
2765 unshift @paths, @$extra;
2767 my @comps = map { sort { length($a) <=> length($b) } Module::Pluggable::Object->new(
2768 search_path => [ map { s/^(?=::)/$class/; $_; } ($_) ],
2770 )->plugins } @paths;
2775 =head2 $c->expand_component_module( $component, $setup_component_config )
2777 Components found by C<locate_components> will be passed to this method, which
2778 is expected to return a list of component (package) names to be set up.
2782 sub expand_component_module {
2783 my ($class, $module) = @_;
2784 return Devel::InnerPackage::list_packages( $module );
2787 =head2 $c->setup_component
2791 sub setup_component {
2792 my( $class, $component ) = @_;
2794 unless ( $component->can( 'COMPONENT' ) ) {
2798 my $suffix = Catalyst::Utils::class2classsuffix( $component );
2799 my $config = $class->config->{ $suffix } || {};
2800 # Stash catalyst_component_name in the config here, so that custom COMPONENT
2801 # methods also pass it. local to avoid pointlessly shitting in config
2802 # for the debug screen, as $component is already the key name.
2803 local $config->{catalyst_component_name} = $component;
2805 my $instance = eval { $component->COMPONENT( $class, $config ); };
2807 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
2809 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
2810 message => qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", "$error"/
2814 unless (blessed $instance) {
2815 my $metaclass = Moose::Util::find_meta($component);
2816 my $method_meta = $metaclass->find_method_by_name('COMPONENT');
2817 my $component_method_from = $method_meta->associated_metaclass->name;
2818 my $value = defined($instance) ? $instance : 'undef';
2819 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
2821 qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", COMPONENT() method (from $component_method_from) didn't return an object-like value (value was $value)./
2827 =head2 $c->setup_dispatcher
2833 sub setup_dispatcher {
2834 my ( $class, $dispatcher ) = @_;
2837 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $dispatcher;
2840 if ( my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'DISPATCHER' ) ) {
2841 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $env;
2844 unless ($dispatcher) {
2845 $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher_class;
2848 load_class($dispatcher);
2850 # dispatcher instance
2851 $class->dispatcher( $dispatcher->new );
2854 =head2 $c->setup_engine
2861 my ($class, $requested_engine) = @_;
2863 if (!$class->engine_loader || $requested_engine) {
2864 $class->engine_loader(
2865 Catalyst::EngineLoader->new({
2866 application_name => $class,
2867 (defined $requested_engine
2868 ? (catalyst_engine_class => $requested_engine) : ()),
2873 $class->engine_loader->catalyst_engine_class;
2877 my ($class, $requested_engine) = @_;
2880 my $loader = $class->engine_loader;
2882 if (!$loader || $requested_engine) {
2883 $loader = Catalyst::EngineLoader->new({
2884 application_name => $class,
2885 (defined $requested_engine
2886 ? (requested_engine => $requested_engine) : ()),
2889 $class->engine_loader($loader);
2892 $loader->catalyst_engine_class;
2895 # Don't really setup_engine -- see _setup_psgi_app for explanation.
2896 return if $class->loading_psgi_file;
2898 load_class($engine);
2900 if ($ENV{MOD_PERL}) {
2901 my $apache = $class->engine_loader->auto;
2903 my $meta = find_meta($class);
2904 my $was_immutable = $meta->is_immutable;
2905 my %immutable_options = $meta->immutable_options;
2906 $meta->make_mutable if $was_immutable;
2908 $meta->add_method(handler => sub {
2910 my $psgi_app = $class->_finalized_psgi_app;
2911 $apache->call_app($r, $psgi_app);
2914 $meta->make_immutable(%immutable_options) if $was_immutable;
2917 $class->engine( $engine->new );
2922 ## This exists just to supply a prebuild psgi app for mod_perl and for the
2923 ## build in server support (back compat support for pre psgi port behavior).
2924 ## This is so that we don't build a new psgi app for each request when using
2925 ## the mod_perl handler or the built in servers (http and fcgi, etc).
2927 sub _finalized_psgi_app {
2930 unless ($app->_psgi_app) {
2931 my $psgi_app = $app->_setup_psgi_app;
2932 $app->_psgi_app($psgi_app);
2935 return $app->_psgi_app;
2938 ## Look for a psgi file like 'myapp_web.psgi' (if the app is MyApp::Web) in the
2939 ## home directory and load that and return it (just assume it is doing the
2940 ## right thing :) ). If that does not exist, call $app->psgi_app, wrap that
2941 ## in default_middleware and return it ( this is for backward compatibility
2942 ## with pre psgi port behavior ).
2944 sub _setup_psgi_app {
2947 for my $home (Path::Class::Dir->new($app->config->{home})) {
2948 my $psgi_file = $home->file(
2949 Catalyst::Utils::appprefix($app) . '.psgi',
2952 next unless -e $psgi_file;
2954 # If $psgi_file calls ->setup_engine, it's doing so to load
2955 # Catalyst::Engine::PSGI. But if it does that, we're only going to
2956 # throw away the loaded PSGI-app and load the 5.9 Catalyst::Engine
2957 # anyway. So set a flag (ick) that tells setup_engine not to populate
2958 # $c->engine or do any other things we might regret.
2960 $app->loading_psgi_file(1);
2961 my $psgi_app = Plack::Util::load_psgi($psgi_file);
2962 $app->loading_psgi_file(0);
2965 unless $app->engine_loader->needs_psgi_engine_compat_hack;
2968 Found a legacy Catalyst::Engine::PSGI .psgi file at ${psgi_file}.
2970 Its content has been ignored. Please consult the Catalyst::Upgrading
2971 documentation on how to upgrade from Catalyst::Engine::PSGI.
2975 return $app->apply_default_middlewares($app->psgi_app);
2978 =head2 $c->apply_default_middlewares
2980 Adds the following L<Plack> middlewares to your application, since they are
2981 useful and commonly needed:
2983 L<Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy>, (conditionally added based on the status
2984 of your $ENV{REMOTE_ADDR}, and can be forced on with C<using_frontend_proxy>
2985 or forced off with C<ignore_frontend_proxy>), L<Plack::Middleware::LighttpdScriptNameFix>
2986 (if you are using Lighttpd), L<Plack::Middleware::IIS6ScriptNameFix> (always
2987 applied since this middleware is smart enough to conditionally apply itself).
2989 Additionally if we detect we are using Nginx, we add a bit of custom middleware
2990 to solve some problems with the way that server handles $ENV{PATH_INFO} and
2996 sub apply_default_middlewares {
2997 my ($app, $psgi_app) = @_;
2999 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::Conditional->wrap(
3001 builder => sub { Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy->wrap($_[0]) },
3004 return if $app->config->{ignore_frontend_proxy};
3005 return $env->{REMOTE_ADDR} eq '127.0.0.1'
3006 || $app->config->{using_frontend_proxy};
3010 # If we're running under Lighttpd, swap PATH_INFO and SCRIPT_NAME
3011 # http://lists.scsys.co.uk/pipermail/catalyst/2006-June/008361.html
3012 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::Conditional->wrap(
3014 builder => sub { Plack::Middleware::LighttpdScriptNameFix->wrap($_[0]) },
3017 return unless $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} && $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} =~ m!lighttpd[-/]1\.(\d+\.\d+)!;
3018 return unless $1 < 4.23;
3023 # we're applying this unconditionally as the middleware itself already makes
3024 # sure it doesn't fuck things up if it's not running under one of the right
3026 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::IIS6ScriptNameFix->wrap($psgi_app);
3028 # And another IIS issue, this time with IIS7.
3029 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::Conditional->wrap(
3031 builder => sub { Plack::Middleware::IIS7KeepAliveFix->wrap($_[0]) },
3034 return $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} && $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} =~ m!IIS/7\.[0-9]!;
3043 Returns a PSGI application code reference for the catalyst application
3044 C<$c>. This is the bare application without any middlewares
3045 applied. C<${myapp}.psgi> is not taken into account.
3047 This is what you want to be using to retrieve the PSGI application code
3048 reference of your Catalyst application for use in F<.psgi> files.
3054 my $psgi = $app->engine->build_psgi_app($app);
3055 return $app->Catalyst::Utils::apply_registered_middleware($psgi);
3058 =head2 $c->setup_home
3060 Sets up the home directory.
3065 my ( $class, $home ) = @_;
3067 if ( my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'HOME' ) ) {
3071 $home ||= Catalyst::Utils::home($class);
3074 #I remember recently being scolded for assigning config values like this
3075 $class->config->{home} ||= $home;
3076 $class->config->{root} ||= Path::Class::Dir->new($home)->subdir('root');
3080 =head2 $c->setup_encoding
3082 Sets up the input/output encoding. See L<ENCODING>
3086 sub setup_encoding {
3088 my $enc = delete $c->config->{encoding};
3089 $c->encoding( $enc ) if defined $enc;
3092 =head2 handle_unicode_encoding_exception
3094 Hook to let you customize how encoding errors are handled. By default
3095 we just throw an exception. Receives a hashref of debug information.
3098 $c->handle_unicode_encoding_exception({
3099 param_value => $value,
3101 encoding_step => 'params',
3106 sub handle_unicode_encoding_exception {
3107 my ( $self, $exception_ctx ) = @_;
3108 die $exception_ctx->{error_msg};
3111 # Some unicode helpers cargo culted from the old plugin. These could likely
3114 sub _handle_unicode_decoding {
3115 my ( $self, $value ) = @_;
3117 return unless defined $value;
3119 ## I think this mess is to support the old nested
3120 if ( ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ) {
3121 foreach ( @$value ) {
3122 $_ = $self->_handle_unicode_decoding($_);
3126 elsif ( ref $value eq 'HASH' ) {
3127 foreach ( values %$value ) {
3128 $_ = $self->_handle_unicode_decoding($_);
3133 return $self->_handle_param_unicode_decoding($value);
3137 sub _handle_param_unicode_decoding {
3138 my ( $self, $value ) = @_;
3139 return unless defined $value; # not in love with just ignoring undefs - jnap
3141 my $enc = $self->encoding;
3143 Encode::is_utf8( $value ) ?
3145 : $enc->decode( $value, $self->_encode_check );
3148 $self->handle_unicode_encoding_exception({
3149 param_value => $value,
3151 encoding_step => 'params',
3156 =head2 $c->setup_log
3158 Sets up log by instantiating a L<Catalyst::Log|Catalyst::Log> object and
3159 passing it to C<log()>. Pass in a comma-delimited list of levels to set the
3162 This method also installs a C<debug> method that returns a true value into the
3163 catalyst subclass if the "debug" level is passed in the comma-delimited list,
3164 or if the C<$CATALYST_DEBUG> environment variable is set to a true value.
3166 Note that if the log has already been setup, by either a previous call to
3167 C<setup_log> or by a call such as C<< __PACKAGE__->log( MyLogger->new ) >>,
3168 that this method won't actually set up the log object.
3173 my ( $class, $levels ) = @_;
3176 $levels =~ s/^\s+//;
3177 $levels =~ s/\s+$//;
3178 my %levels = map { $_ => 1 } split /\s*,\s*/, $levels;
3180 my $env_debug = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'DEBUG' );
3181 if ( defined $env_debug ) {
3182 $levels{debug} = 1 if $env_debug; # Ugly!
3183 delete($levels{debug}) unless $env_debug;
3186 unless ( $class->log ) {
3187 $class->log( Catalyst::Log->new(keys %levels) );
3190 if ( $levels{debug} ) {
3191 Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class)->add_method('debug' => sub { 1 });
3192 $class->log->debug('Debug messages enabled');
3196 =head2 $c->setup_plugins
3202 =head2 $c->setup_stats
3204 Sets up timing statistics class.
3209 my ( $class, $stats ) = @_;
3211 Catalyst::Utils::ensure_class_loaded($class->stats_class);
3213 my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'STATS' );
3214 if ( defined($env) ? $env : ($stats || $class->debug ) ) {
3215 Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class)->add_method('use_stats' => sub { 1 });
3216 $class->log->debug('Statistics enabled');
3221 =head2 $c->registered_plugins
3223 Returns a sorted list of the plugins which have either been stated in the
3226 If passed a given plugin name, it will report a boolean value indicating
3227 whether or not that plugin is loaded. A fully qualified name is required if
3228 the plugin name does not begin with C<Catalyst::Plugin::>.
3230 if ($c->registered_plugins('Some::Plugin')) {
3238 sub registered_plugins {
3240 return sort keys %{ $proto->_plugins } unless @_;
3242 return 1 if exists $proto->_plugins->{$plugin};
3243 return exists $proto->_plugins->{"Catalyst::Plugin::$plugin"};
3246 sub _register_plugin {
3247 my ( $proto, $plugin, $instant ) = @_;
3248 my $class = ref $proto || $proto;
3250 load_class( $plugin );
3251 $class->log->warn( "$plugin inherits from 'Catalyst::Component' - this is deprecated and will not work in 5.81" )
3252 if $plugin->isa( 'Catalyst::Component' );
3253 my $plugin_meta = Moose::Meta::Class->create($plugin);
3254 if (!$plugin_meta->has_method('new')
3255 && ( $plugin->isa('Class::Accessor::Fast') || $plugin->isa('Class::Accessor') ) ) {
3256 $plugin_meta->add_method('new', Moose::Object->meta->get_method('new'))
3258 if (!$instant && !$proto->_plugins->{$plugin}) {
3259 my $meta = Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class);
3260 $meta->superclasses($plugin, $meta->superclasses);
3262 $proto->_plugins->{$plugin} = 1;
3266 sub _default_plugins { return qw() }
3269 my ( $class, $plugins ) = @_;
3271 $class->_plugins( {} ) unless $class->_plugins;
3273 m/Unicode::Encoding/ ? do {
3275 'Unicode::Encoding plugin is auto-applied,'
3276 . ' please remove this from your appclass'
3277 . ' and make sure to define "encoding" config'
3279 unless (exists $class->config->{'encoding'}) {
3280 $class->config->{'encoding'} = 'UTF-8';
3285 push @$plugins, $class->_default_plugins;
3286 $plugins = Data::OptList::mkopt($plugins || []);
3289 [ Catalyst::Utils::resolve_namespace(
3290 $class . '::Plugin',
3291 'Catalyst::Plugin', $_->[0]
3297 for my $plugin ( reverse @plugins ) {
3298 load_class($plugin->[0], $plugin->[1]);
3299 my $meta = find_meta($plugin->[0]);
3300 next if $meta && $meta->isa('Moose::Meta::Role');
3302 $class->_register_plugin($plugin->[0]);
3306 map { $_->[0]->name, $_->[1] }
3307 grep { blessed($_->[0]) && $_->[0]->isa('Moose::Meta::Role') }
3308 map { [find_meta($_->[0]), $_->[1]] }
3311 Moose::Util::apply_all_roles(
3317 =head2 registered_middlewares
3319 Read only accessor that returns an array of all the middleware in the order
3320 that they were added (which is the REVERSE of the order they will be applied).
3322 The values returned will be either instances of L<Plack::Middleware> or of a
3323 compatible interface, or a coderef, which is assumed to be inlined middleware
3325 =head2 setup_middleware (?@middleware)
3327 Read configuration information stored in configuration key C<psgi_middleware> or
3330 See under L</CONFIGURATION> information regarding C<psgi_middleware> and how
3331 to use it to enable L<Plack::Middleware>
3333 This method is automatically called during 'setup' of your application, so
3334 you really don't need to invoke it. However you may do so if you find the idea
3335 of loading middleware via configuration weird :). For example:
3341 __PACKAGE__->setup_middleware('Head');
3344 When we read middleware definitions from configuration, we reverse the list
3345 which sounds odd but is likely how you expect it to work if you have prior
3346 experience with L<Plack::Builder> or if you previously used the plugin
3347 L<Catalyst::Plugin::EnableMiddleware> (which is now considered deprecated)
3349 So basically your middleware handles an incoming request from the first
3350 registered middleware, down and handles the response from the last middleware
3355 sub registered_middlewares {
3357 if(my $middleware = $class->_psgi_middleware) {
3359 Catalyst::Middleware::Stash->new,
3360 Plack::Middleware::HTTPExceptions->new,
3361 Plack::Middleware::RemoveRedundantBody->new,
3362 Plack::Middleware::FixMissingBodyInRedirect->new,
3363 Plack::Middleware::ContentLength->new,
3364 Plack::Middleware::MethodOverride->new,
3365 Plack::Middleware::Head->new,
3368 die "You cannot call ->registered_middlewares until middleware has been setup";
3372 sub setup_middleware {
3374 my @middleware_definitions = @_ ?
3375 reverse(@_) : reverse(@{$class->config->{'psgi_middleware'}||[]});
3377 my @middleware = ();
3378 while(my $next = shift(@middleware_definitions)) {
3380 if(Scalar::Util::blessed $next && $next->can('wrap')) {
3381 push @middleware, $next;
3382 } elsif(ref $next eq 'CODE') {
3383 push @middleware, $next;
3384 } elsif(ref $next eq 'HASH') {
3385 my $namespace = shift @middleware_definitions;
3386 my $mw = $class->Catalyst::Utils::build_middleware($namespace, %$next);
3387 push @middleware, $mw;
3389 die "I can't handle middleware definition ${\ref $next}";
3392 my $mw = $class->Catalyst::Utils::build_middleware($next);
3393 push @middleware, $mw;
3397 my @existing = @{$class->_psgi_middleware || []};
3398 $class->_psgi_middleware([@middleware,@existing,]);
3401 =head2 registered_data_handlers
3403 A read only copy of registered Data Handlers returned as a Hash, where each key
3404 is a content type and each value is a subref that attempts to decode that content
3407 =head2 setup_data_handlers (?@data_handler)
3409 Read configuration information stored in configuration key C<data_handlers> or
3412 See under L</CONFIGURATION> information regarding C<data_handlers>.
3414 This method is automatically called during 'setup' of your application, so
3415 you really don't need to invoke it.
3417 =head2 default_data_handlers
3419 Default Data Handlers that come bundled with L<Catalyst>. Currently there are
3420 only two default data handlers, for 'application/json' and an alternative to
3421 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' which supposed nested form parameters via
3422 L<CGI::Struct> or via L<CGI::Struct::XS> IF you've installed it.
3424 The 'application/json' data handler is used to parse incoming JSON into a Perl
3425 data structure. It used either L<JSON::MaybeXS> or L<JSON>, depending on which
3426 is installed. This allows you to fail back to L<JSON:PP>, which is a Pure Perl
3427 JSON decoder, and has the smallest dependency impact.
3429 Because we don't wish to add more dependencies to L<Catalyst>, if you wish to
3430 use this new feature we recommend installing L<JSON> or L<JSON::MaybeXS> in
3431 order to get the best performance. You should add either to your dependency
3432 list (Makefile.PL, dist.ini, cpanfile, etc.)
3436 sub registered_data_handlers {
3438 if(my $data_handlers = $class->_data_handlers) {
3439 return %$data_handlers;
3441 $class->setup_data_handlers;
3442 return $class->registered_data_handlers;
3446 sub setup_data_handlers {
3447 my ($class, %data_handler_callbacks) = @_;
3448 %data_handler_callbacks = (
3449 %{$class->default_data_handlers},
3450 %{$class->config->{'data_handlers'}||+{}},
3451 %data_handler_callbacks);
3453 $class->_data_handlers(\%data_handler_callbacks);
3456 sub default_data_handlers {
3459 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' => sub {
3460 my ($fh, $req) = @_;
3461 my $params = $req->_use_hash_multivalue ? $req->body_parameters->mixed : $req->body_parameters;
3462 Class::Load::load_first_existing_class('CGI::Struct::XS', 'CGI::Struct')
3463 ->can('build_cgi_struct')->($params);
3465 'application/json' => sub {
3466 my ($fh, $req) = @_;
3467 my $parser = Class::Load::load_first_existing_class('JSON::MaybeXS', 'JSON');
3471 $slurped = $fh->getline;
3472 $parser->can("decode_json")->($slurped);
3473 } || Catalyst::Exception->throw(sprintf "Error Parsing POST '%s', Error: %s", (defined($slurped) ? $slurped : 'undef') ,$@);
3480 Returns an arrayref of the internal execution stack (actions that are
3481 currently executing).
3485 Returns the current timing statistics object. By default Catalyst uses
3486 L<Catalyst::Stats|Catalyst::Stats>, but can be set otherwise with
3487 L<< stats_class|/"$c->stats_class" >>.
3489 Even if L<< -Stats|/"-Stats" >> is not enabled, the stats object is still
3490 available. By enabling it with C< $c->stats->enabled(1) >, it can be used to
3491 profile explicitly, although MyApp.pm still won't profile nor output anything
3494 =head2 $c->stats_class
3496 Returns or sets the stats (timing statistics) class. L<Catalyst::Stats|Catalyst::Stats> is used by default.
3498 =head2 $c->use_stats
3500 Returns 1 when L<< stats collection|/"-Stats" >> is enabled.
3502 Note that this is a static method, not an accessor and should be overridden
3503 by declaring C<sub use_stats { 1 }> in your MyApp.pm, not by calling C<< $c->use_stats(1) >>.
3510 =head2 $c->write( $data )
3512 Writes $data to the output stream. When using this method directly, you
3513 will need to manually set the C<Content-Length> header to the length of
3514 your output data, if known.
3521 # Finalize headers if someone manually writes output (for compat)
3522 $c->finalize_headers;
3524 return $c->response->write( @_ );
3529 Returns the Catalyst version number. Mostly useful for "powered by"
3530 messages in template systems.
3534 sub version { return $Catalyst::VERSION }
3536 =head1 CONFIGURATION
3538 There are a number of 'base' config variables which can be set:
3544 C<always_catch_http_exceptions> - As of version 5.90060 Catalyst
3545 rethrows errors conforming to the interface described by
3546 L<Plack::Middleware::HTTPExceptions> and lets the middleware deal with it.
3547 Set true to get the deprecated behaviour and have Catakyst catch HTTP exceptions.
3551 C<default_model> - The default model picked if you say C<< $c->model >>. See L<< /$c->model($name) >>.
3555 C<default_view> - The default view to be rendered or returned when C<< $c->view >> is called. See L<< /$c->view($name) >>.
3559 C<disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback> - Turns
3560 off the deprecated component resolution functionality so
3561 that if any of the component methods (e.g. C<< $c->controller('Foo') >>)
3562 are called then regex search will not be attempted on string values and
3563 instead C<undef> will be returned.
3567 C<home> - The application home directory. In an uninstalled application,
3568 this is the top level application directory. In an installed application,
3569 this will be the directory containing C<< MyApp.pm >>.
3573 C<ignore_frontend_proxy> - See L</PROXY SUPPORT>
3577 C<name> - The name of the application in debug messages and the debug and
3582 C<parse_on_demand> - The request body (for example file uploads) will not be parsed
3583 until it is accessed. This allows you to (for example) check authentication (and reject
3584 the upload) before actually receiving all the data. See L</ON-DEMAND PARSER>
3588 C<root> - The root directory for templates. Usually this is just a
3589 subdirectory of the home directory, but you can set it to change the
3590 templates to a different directory.
3594 C<search_extra> - Array reference passed to Module::Pluggable to for additional
3595 namespaces from which components will be loaded (and constructed and stored in
3596 C<< $c->components >>).
3600 C<show_internal_actions> - If true, causes internal actions such as C<< _DISPATCH >>
3601 to be shown in hit debug tables in the test server.
3605 C<use_request_uri_for_path> - Controls if the C<REQUEST_URI> or C<PATH_INFO> environment
3606 variable should be used for determining the request path.
3608 Most web server environments pass the requested path to the application using environment variables,
3609 from which Catalyst has to reconstruct the request base (i.e. the top level path to / in the application,
3610 exposed as C<< $c->request->base >>) and the request path below that base.
3612 There are two methods of doing this, both of which have advantages and disadvantages. Which method is used
3613 is determined by the C<< $c->config(use_request_uri_for_path) >> setting (which can either be true or false).
3617 =item use_request_uri_for_path => 0
3619 This is the default (and the) traditional method that Catalyst has used for determining the path information.
3620 The path is generated from a combination of the C<PATH_INFO> and C<SCRIPT_NAME> environment variables.
3621 The allows the application to behave correctly when C<mod_rewrite> is being used to redirect requests
3622 into the application, as these variables are adjusted by mod_rewrite to take account for the redirect.
3624 However this method has the major disadvantage that it is impossible to correctly decode some elements
3625 of the path, as RFC 3875 says: "C<< Unlike a URI path, the PATH_INFO is not URL-encoded, and cannot
3626 contain path-segment parameters. >>" This means PATH_INFO is B<always> decoded, and therefore Catalyst
3627 can't distinguish / vs %2F in paths (in addition to other encoded values).
3629 =item use_request_uri_for_path => 1
3631 This method uses the C<REQUEST_URI> and C<SCRIPT_NAME> environment variables. As C<REQUEST_URI> is never
3632 decoded, this means that applications using this mode can correctly handle URIs including the %2F character
3633 (i.e. with C<AllowEncodedSlashes> set to C<On> in Apache).
3635 Given that this method of path resolution is provably more correct, it is recommended that you use
3636 this unless you have a specific need to deploy your application in a non-standard environment, and you are
3637 aware of the implications of not being able to handle encoded URI paths correctly.
3639 However it also means that in a number of cases when the app isn't installed directly at a path, but instead
3640 is having paths rewritten into it (e.g. as a .cgi/fcgi in a public_html directory, with mod_rewrite in a
3641 .htaccess file, or when SSI is used to rewrite pages into the app, or when sub-paths of the app are exposed
3642 at other URIs than that which the app is 'normally' based at with C<mod_rewrite>), the resolution of
3643 C<< $c->request->base >> will be incorrect.
3649 C<using_frontend_proxy> - See L</PROXY SUPPORT>.
3653 C<encoding> - See L</ENCODING>
3657 C<abort_chain_on_error_fix>
3659 When there is an error in an action chain, the default behavior is to continue
3660 processing the remaining actions and then catch the error upon chain end. This
3661 can lead to running actions when the application is in an unexpected state. If
3662 you have this issue, setting this config value to true will promptly exit a
3663 chain when there is an error raised in any action (thus terminating the chain
3668 __PACKAGE__->config(abort_chain_on_error_fix => 1);
3670 In the future this might become the default behavior.
3674 C<use_hash_multivalue_in_request>
3676 In L<Catalyst::Request> the methods C<query_parameters>, C<body_parametes>
3677 and C<parameters> return a hashref where values might be scalar or an arrayref
3678 depending on the incoming data. In many cases this can be undesirable as it
3679 leads one to writing defensive code like the following:
3681 my ($val) = ref($c->req->parameters->{a}) ?
3682 @{$c->req->parameters->{a}} :
3683 $c->req->parameters->{a};
3685 Setting this configuration item to true will make L<Catalyst> populate the
3686 attributes underlying these methods with an instance of L<Hash::MultiValue>
3687 which is used by L<Plack::Request> and others to solve this very issue. You
3688 may prefer this behavior to the default, if so enable this option (be warned
3689 if you enable it in a legacy application we are not sure if it is completely
3690 backwardly compatible).
3694 C<psgi_middleware> - See L<PSGI MIDDLEWARE>.
3698 C<data_handlers> - See L<DATA HANDLERS>.
3704 Generally when you throw an exception inside an Action (or somewhere in
3705 your stack, such as in a model that an Action is calling) that exception
3706 is caught by Catalyst and unless you either catch it yourself (via eval
3707 or something like L<Try::Tiny> or by reviewing the L</error> stack, it
3708 will eventually reach L</finalize_errors> and return either the debugging
3709 error stack page, or the default error page. However, if your exception
3710 can be caught by L<Plack::Middleware::HTTPExceptions>, L<Catalyst> will
3711 instead rethrow it so that it can be handled by that middleware (which
3712 is part of the default middleware). For example this would allow
3714 use HTTP::Throwable::Factory 'http_throw';
3716 sub throws_exception :Local {
3717 my ($self, $c) = @_;
3719 http_throw(SeeOther => { location =>
3720 $c->uri_for($self->action_for('redirect')) });
3724 =head1 INTERNAL ACTIONS
3726 Catalyst uses internal actions like C<_DISPATCH>, C<_BEGIN>, C<_AUTO>,
3727 C<_ACTION>, and C<_END>. These are by default not shown in the private
3728 action table, but you can make them visible with a config parameter.
3730 MyApp->config(show_internal_actions => 1);
3732 =head1 ON-DEMAND PARSER
3734 The request body is usually parsed at the beginning of a request,
3735 but if you want to handle input yourself, you can enable on-demand
3736 parsing with a config parameter.
3738 MyApp->config(parse_on_demand => 1);
3740 =head1 PROXY SUPPORT
3742 Many production servers operate using the common double-server approach,
3743 with a lightweight frontend web server passing requests to a larger
3744 backend server. An application running on the backend server must deal
3745 with two problems: the remote user always appears to be C<127.0.0.1> and
3746 the server's hostname will appear to be C<localhost> regardless of the
3747 virtual host that the user connected through.
3749 Catalyst will automatically detect this situation when you are running
3750 the frontend and backend servers on the same machine. The following
3751 changes are made to the request.
3753 $c->req->address is set to the user's real IP address, as read from
3754 the HTTP X-Forwarded-For header.
3756 The host value for $c->req->base and $c->req->uri is set to the real
3757 host, as read from the HTTP X-Forwarded-Host header.
3759 Additionally, you may be running your backend application on an insecure
3760 connection (port 80) while your frontend proxy is running under SSL. If there
3761 is a discrepancy in the ports, use the HTTP header C<X-Forwarded-Port> to
3762 tell Catalyst what port the frontend listens on. This will allow all URIs to
3763 be created properly.
3765 In the case of passing in:
3767 X-Forwarded-Port: 443
3769 All calls to C<uri_for> will result in an https link, as is expected.
3771 Obviously, your web server must support these headers for this to work.
3773 In a more complex server farm environment where you may have your
3774 frontend proxy server(s) on different machines, you will need to set a
3775 configuration option to tell Catalyst to read the proxied data from the
3778 MyApp->config(using_frontend_proxy => 1);
3780 If you do not wish to use the proxy support at all, you may set:
3782 MyApp->config(ignore_frontend_proxy => 0);
3784 =head2 Note about psgi files
3786 Note that if you supply your own .psgi file, calling
3787 C<< MyApp->psgi_app(@_); >>, then B<this will not happen automatically>.
3789 You either need to apply L<Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy> yourself
3790 in your psgi, for example:
3793 enable "Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy";
3797 This will unconditionally add the ReverseProxy support, or you need to call
3798 C<< $app = MyApp->apply_default_middlewares($app) >> (to conditionally
3799 apply the support depending upon your config).
3801 See L<Catalyst::PSGI> for more information.
3803 =head1 THREAD SAFETY
3805 Catalyst has been tested under Apache 2's threading C<mpm_worker>,
3806 C<mpm_winnt>, and the standalone forking HTTP server on Windows. We
3807 believe the Catalyst core to be thread-safe.
3809 If you plan to operate in a threaded environment, remember that all other
3810 modules you are using must also be thread-safe. Some modules, most notably
3811 L<DBD::SQLite>, are not thread-safe.
3813 =head1 DATA HANDLERS
3815 The L<Catalyst::Request> object uses L<HTTP::Body> to populate 'classic' HTML
3816 form parameters and URL search query fields. However it has become common
3817 for various alternative content types to be PUT or POSTed to your controllers
3818 and actions. People working on RESTful APIs, or using AJAX often use JSON,
3819 XML and other content types when communicating with an application server. In
3820 order to better support this use case, L<Catalyst> defines a global configuration
3821 option, C<data_handlers>, which lets you associate a content type with a coderef
3822 that parses that content type into something Perl can readily access.
3829 __PACKAGE__->config(
3831 'application/json' => sub { local $/; decode_json $_->getline },
3833 ## Any other configuration.
3838 By default L<Catalyst> comes with a generic JSON data handler similar to the
3839 example given above, which uses L<JSON::Maybe> to provide either L<JSON::PP>
3840 (a pure Perl, dependency free JSON parser) or L<Cpanel::JSON::XS> if you have
3841 it installed (if you want the faster XS parser, add it to you project Makefile.PL
3842 or dist.ini, cpanfile, etc.)
3844 The C<data_handlers> configuration is a hashref whose keys are HTTP Content-Types
3845 (matched against the incoming request type using a regexp such as to be case
3846 insensitive) and whose values are coderefs that receive a localized version of
3847 C<$_> which is a filehandle object pointing to received body.
3849 This feature is considered an early access release and we reserve the right
3850 to alter the interface in order to provide a performant and secure solution to
3851 alternative request body content. Your reports welcomed!
3853 =head1 PSGI MIDDLEWARE
3855 You can define middleware, defined as L<Plack::Middleware> or a compatible
3856 interface in configuration. Your middleware definitions are in the form of an
3857 arrayref under the configuration key C<psgi_middleware>. Here's an example
3858 with details to follow:
3863 use Plack::Middleware::StackTrace;
3865 my $stacktrace_middleware = Plack::Middleware::StackTrace->new;
3867 __PACKAGE__->config(
3868 'psgi_middleware', [
3871 $stacktrace_middleware,
3872 'Session' => {store => 'File'},
3877 $env->{myapp.customkey} = 'helloworld';
3886 So the general form is:
3888 __PACKAGE__->config(psgi_middleware => \@middleware_definitions);
3890 Where C<@middleware> is one or more of the following, applied in the REVERSE of
3891 the order listed (to make it function similarly to L<Plack::Builder>:
3893 Alternatively, you may also define middleware by calling the L</setup_middleware>
3900 __PACKAGE__->setup_middleware( \@middleware_definitions);
3903 In the case where you do both (use 'setup_middleware' and configuration) the
3904 package call to setup_middleware will be applied earlier (in other words its
3905 middleware will wrap closer to the application). Keep this in mind since in
3906 some cases the order of middleware is important.
3908 The two approaches are not exclusive.
3912 =item Middleware Object
3914 An already initialized object that conforms to the L<Plack::Middleware>
3917 my $stacktrace_middleware = Plack::Middleware::StackTrace->new;
3919 __PACKAGE__->config(
3920 'psgi_middleware', [
3921 $stacktrace_middleware,
3927 A coderef that is an inlined middleware:
3929 __PACKAGE__->config(
3930 'psgi_middleware', [
3935 if($env->{PATH_INFO} =~m/forced/) {
3937 ->new(file=>TestApp->path_to(qw/share static forced.txt/))
3940 return $app->($env);
3950 We assume the scalar refers to a namespace after normalizing it using the
3953 (1) If the scalar is prefixed with a "+" (as in C<+MyApp::Foo>) then the full string
3954 is assumed to be 'as is', and we just install and use the middleware.
3956 (2) If the scalar begins with "Plack::Middleware" or your application namespace
3957 (the package name of your Catalyst application subclass), we also assume then
3958 that it is a full namespace, and use it.
3960 (3) Lastly, we then assume that the scalar is a partial namespace, and attempt to
3961 resolve it first by looking for it under your application namespace (for example
3962 if you application is "MyApp::Web" and the scalar is "MyMiddleware", we'd look
3963 under "MyApp::Web::Middleware::MyMiddleware") and if we don't find it there, we
3964 will then look under the regular L<Plack::Middleware> namespace (i.e. for the
3965 previous we'd try "Plack::Middleware::MyMiddleware"). We look under your application
3966 namespace first to let you 'override' common L<Plack::Middleware> locally, should
3967 you find that a good idea.
3973 __PACKAGE__->config(
3974 'psgi_middleware', [
3975 'Debug', ## MyAppWeb::Middleware::Debug->wrap or Plack::Middleware::Debug->wrap
3976 'Plack::Middleware::Stacktrace', ## Plack::Middleware::Stacktrace->wrap
3977 '+MyApp::Custom', ## MyApp::Custom->wrap
3981 =item a scalar followed by a hashref
3983 Just like the previous, except the following C<HashRef> is used as arguments
3984 to initialize the middleware object.
3986 __PACKAGE__->config(
3987 'psgi_middleware', [
3988 'Session' => {store => 'File'},
3993 Please see L<PSGI> for more on middleware.
3997 On request, decodes all params from encoding into a sequence of
3998 logical characters. On response, encodes body into encoding.
4006 Returns an instance of an C<Encode> encoding
4008 print $c->encoding->name
4010 =item handle_unicode_encoding_exception ($exception_context)
4012 Method called when decoding process for a request fails.
4014 An C<$exception_context> hashref is provided to allow you to override the
4015 behaviour of your application when given data with incorrect encodings.
4017 The default method throws exceptions in the case of invalid request parameters
4018 (resulting in a 500 error), but ignores errors in upload filenames.
4020 The keys passed in the C<$exception_context> hash are:
4026 The value which was not able to be decoded.
4030 The exception received from L<Encode>.
4034 What type of data was being decoded. Valid values are (currently)
4035 C<params> - for request parameters / arguments / captures
4036 and C<uploads> - for request upload filenames.
4046 Join #catalyst on irc.perl.org.
4050 http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst
4051 http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst-dev
4055 http://catalyst.perl.org
4059 http://dev.catalyst.perl.org
4063 =head2 L<Task::Catalyst> - All you need to start with Catalyst
4065 =head2 L<Catalyst::Manual> - The Catalyst Manual
4067 =head2 L<Catalyst::Component>, L<Catalyst::Controller> - Base classes for components
4069 =head2 L<Catalyst::Engine> - Core engine
4071 =head2 L<Catalyst::Log> - Log class.
4073 =head2 L<Catalyst::Request> - Request object
4075 =head2 L<Catalyst::Response> - Response object
4077 =head2 L<Catalyst::Test> - The test suite.
4079 =head1 PROJECT FOUNDER
4081 sri: Sebastian Riedel <sri@cpan.org>
4087 acme: Leon Brocard <leon@astray.com>
4089 abraxxa: Alexander Hartmaier <abraxxa@cpan.org>
4093 Andrew Ford E<lt>A.Ford@ford-mason.co.ukE<gt>
4097 andyg: Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
4099 audreyt: Audrey Tang
4101 bricas: Brian Cassidy <bricas@cpan.org>
4103 Caelum: Rafael Kitover <rkitover@io.com>
4105 chansen: Christian Hansen
4107 chicks: Christopher Hicks
4109 Chisel Wright C<pause@herlpacker.co.uk>
4111 Danijel Milicevic C<me@danijel.de>
4113 David Kamholz E<lt>dkamholz@cpan.orgE<gt>
4115 David Naughton, C<naughton@umn.edu>
4119 dhoss: Devin Austin <dhoss@cpan.org>
4121 dkubb: Dan Kubb <dan.kubb-cpan@onautopilot.com>
4125 dwc: Daniel Westermann-Clark <danieltwc@cpan.org>
4127 esskar: Sascha Kiefer
4129 fireartist: Carl Franks <cfranks@cpan.org>
4131 frew: Arthur Axel "fREW" Schmidt <frioux@gmail.com>
4133 gabb: Danijel Milicevic
4137 Gavin Henry C<ghenry@perl.me.uk>
4141 groditi: Guillermo Roditi <groditi@gmail.com>
4143 hobbs: Andrew Rodland <andrew@cleverdomain.org>
4145 ilmari: Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker <ilmari@ilmari.org>
4147 jcamacho: Juan Camacho
4149 jester: Jesse Sheidlower C<jester@panix.com>
4151 jhannah: Jay Hannah <jay@jays.net>
4157 jon: Jon Schutz <jjschutz@cpan.org>
4159 Jonathan Rockway C<< <jrockway@cpan.org> >>
4161 Kieren Diment C<kd@totaldatasolution.com>
4163 konobi: Scott McWhirter <konobi@cpan.org>
4165 marcus: Marcus Ramberg <mramberg@cpan.org>
4167 miyagawa: Tatsuhiko Miyagawa <miyagawa@bulknews.net>
4169 mgrimes: Mark Grimes <mgrimes@cpan.org>
4171 mst: Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
4175 naughton: David Naughton
4177 ningu: David Kamholz <dkamholz@cpan.org>
4179 nothingmuch: Yuval Kogman <nothingmuch@woobling.org>
4181 numa: Dan Sully <daniel@cpan.org>
4187 omega: Andreas Marienborg
4189 Oleg Kostyuk <cub.uanic@gmail.com>
4191 phaylon: Robert Sedlacek <phaylon@dunkelheit.at>
4193 rafl: Florian Ragwitz <rafl@debian.org>
4195 random: Roland Lammel <lammel@cpan.org>
4197 Robert Sedlacek C<< <rs@474.at> >>
4199 SpiceMan: Marcel Montes
4203 szbalint: Balint Szilakszi <szbalint@cpan.org>
4205 t0m: Tomas Doran <bobtfish@bobtfish.net>
4209 vanstyn: Henry Van Styn <vanstyn@cpan.org>
4211 Viljo Marrandi C<vilts@yahoo.com>
4213 Will Hawes C<info@whawes.co.uk>
4215 willert: Sebastian Willert <willert@cpan.org>
4217 wreis: Wallace Reis <wreis@cpan.org>
4219 Yuval Kogman, C<nothingmuch@woobling.org>
4221 rainboxx: Matthias Dietrich, C<perl@rainboxx.de>
4223 dd070: Dhaval Dhanani <dhaval070@gmail.com>
4225 Upasana <me@upasana.me>
4229 Copyright (c) 2005-2014, the above named PROJECT FOUNDER and CONTRIBUTORS.
4233 This library is free software. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
4234 the same terms as Perl itself.
4240 __PACKAGE__->meta->make_immutable;