4 extends 'Catalyst::Component';
7 use Catalyst::Exception;
10 use Catalyst::Request::Upload;
11 use Catalyst::Response;
13 use Catalyst::Controller;
14 use Devel::InnerPackage ();
16 use Module::Pluggable::Object ();
17 use Text::SimpleTable ();
18 use Path::Class::Dir ();
19 use Path::Class::File ();
20 use Time::HiRes qw/gettimeofday tv_interval/;
24 use Tree::Simple qw/use_weak_refs/;
25 use Tree::Simple::Visitor::FindByUID;
28 use Carp qw/croak carp shortmess/;
30 BEGIN { require 5.008001; }
32 has stack => (is => 'ro', default => sub { [] });
33 has stash => (is => 'rw', default => sub { {} });
34 has state => (is => 'rw', default => 0);
35 has stats => (is => 'rw');
36 has action => (is => 'rw');
37 has counter => (is => 'rw', default => sub { {} });
38 has request => (is => 'rw', default => sub { $_[0]->request_class->new({}) }, required => 1, lazy => 1);
39 has response => (is => 'rw', default => sub { $_[0]->response_class->new({}) }, required => 1, lazy => 1);
40 has namespace => (is => 'rw');
42 sub depth { scalar @{ shift->stack || [] }; }
43 sub comp { shift->component(@_) }
46 # carp "the use of req() is deprecated in favour of request()";
47 my $self = shift; return $self->request(@_);
50 # carp "the use of res() is deprecated in favour of response()";
51 my $self = shift; return $self->response(@_);
54 # For backwards compatibility
55 sub finalize_output { shift->finalize_body(@_) };
60 our $RECURSION = 1000;
61 our $DETACH = "catalyst_detach\n";
62 our $GO = "catalyst_go\n";
64 #I imagine that very few of these really need to be class variables. if any.
65 #maybe we should just make them attributes with a default?
66 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata($_)
67 for qw/components arguments dispatcher engine log dispatcher_class
68 engine_class context_class request_class response_class stats_class
71 __PACKAGE__->dispatcher_class('Catalyst::Dispatcher');
72 __PACKAGE__->engine_class('Catalyst::Engine::CGI');
73 __PACKAGE__->request_class('Catalyst::Request');
74 __PACKAGE__->response_class('Catalyst::Response');
75 __PACKAGE__->stats_class('Catalyst::Stats');
77 # Remember to update this in Catalyst::Runtime as well!
79 our $VERSION = '5.8000_06';
82 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
84 # We have to limit $class to Catalyst to avoid pushing Catalyst upon every
86 return unless $class eq 'Catalyst';
88 my $caller = caller();
89 return if $caller eq 'main';
90 my $meta = Moose::Meta::Class->initialize($caller);
91 #Moose->import({ into => $caller }); #do we want to do this?
93 unless ( $caller->isa('Catalyst') ) {
94 my @superclasses = ($meta->superclasses, $class, 'Catalyst::Controller');
95 $meta->superclasses(@superclasses);
97 unless( $meta->has_method('meta') ){
98 $meta->add_method(meta => sub { Moose::Meta::Class->initialize("${caller}") } );
101 $caller->arguments( [@arguments] );
107 Catalyst - The Elegant MVC Web Application Framework
111 See the L<Catalyst::Manual> distribution for comprehensive
112 documentation and tutorials.
114 # Install Catalyst::Devel for helpers and other development tools
115 # use the helper to create a new application
118 # add models, views, controllers
119 script/myapp_create.pl model MyDatabase DBIC::Schema create=static dbi:SQLite:/path/to/db
120 script/myapp_create.pl view MyTemplate TT
121 script/myapp_create.pl controller Search
123 # built in testserver -- use -r to restart automatically on changes
124 # --help to see all available options
125 script/myapp_server.pl
127 # command line testing interface
128 script/myapp_test.pl /yada
131 use Catalyst qw/-Debug/; # include plugins here as well
133 ### In lib/MyApp/Controller/Root.pm (autocreated)
134 sub foo : Global { # called for /foo, /foo/1, /foo/1/2, etc.
135 my ( $self, $c, @args ) = @_; # args are qw/1 2/ for /foo/1/2
136 $c->stash->{template} = 'foo.tt'; # set the template
137 # lookup something from db -- stash vars are passed to TT
139 $c->model('Database::Foo')->search( { country => $args[0] } );
140 if ( $c->req->params->{bar} ) { # access GET or POST parameters
141 $c->forward( 'bar' ); # process another action
142 # do something else after forward returns
146 # The foo.tt TT template can use the stash data from the database
147 [% WHILE (item = data.next) %]
151 # called for /bar/of/soap, /bar/of/soap/10, etc.
152 sub bar : Path('/bar/of/soap') { ... }
154 # called for all actions, from the top-most controller downwards
156 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
157 if ( !$c->user_exists ) { # Catalyst::Plugin::Authentication
158 $c->res->redirect( '/login' ); # require login
159 return 0; # abort request and go immediately to end()
161 return 1; # success; carry on to next action
164 # called after all actions are finished
166 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
167 if ( scalar @{ $c->error } ) { ... } # handle errors
168 return if $c->res->body; # already have a response
169 $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' ); # render template
172 ### in MyApp/Controller/Foo.pm
173 # called for /foo/bar
174 sub bar : Local { ... }
176 # called for /blargle
177 sub blargle : Global { ... }
179 # an index action matches /foo, but not /foo/1, etc.
180 sub index : Private { ... }
182 ### in MyApp/Controller/Foo/Bar.pm
183 # called for /foo/bar/baz
184 sub baz : Local { ... }
186 # first Root auto is called, then Foo auto, then this
187 sub auto : Private { ... }
189 # powerful regular expression paths are also possible
190 sub details : Regex('^product/(\w+)/details$') {
191 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
192 # extract the (\w+) from the URI
193 my $product = $c->req->captures->[0];
196 See L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro> for additional information.
200 Catalyst is a modern framework for making web applications without the
201 pain usually associated with this process. This document is a reference
202 to the main Catalyst application. If you are a new user, we suggest you
203 start with L<Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial> or L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro>.
205 See L<Catalyst::Manual> for more documentation.
207 Catalyst plugins can be loaded by naming them as arguments to the "use
208 Catalyst" statement. Omit the C<Catalyst::Plugin::> prefix from the
209 plugin name, i.e., C<Catalyst::Plugin::My::Module> becomes
212 use Catalyst qw/My::Module/;
214 If your plugin starts with a name other than C<Catalyst::Plugin::>, you can
215 fully qualify the name by using a unary plus:
219 +Fully::Qualified::Plugin::Name
222 Special flags like C<-Debug> and C<-Engine> can also be specified as
223 arguments when Catalyst is loaded:
225 use Catalyst qw/-Debug My::Module/;
227 The position of plugins and flags in the chain is important, because
228 they are loaded in the order in which they appear.
230 The following flags are supported:
234 Enables debug output. You can also force this setting from the system
235 environment with CATALYST_DEBUG or <MYAPP>_DEBUG. The environment
236 settings override the application, with <MYAPP>_DEBUG having the highest
241 Forces Catalyst to use a specific engine. Omit the
242 C<Catalyst::Engine::> prefix of the engine name, i.e.:
244 use Catalyst qw/-Engine=CGI/;
248 Forces Catalyst to use a specific home directory, e.g.:
250 use Catalyst qw[-Home=/usr/mst];
252 This can also be done in the shell environment by setting either the
253 C<CATALYST_HOME> environment variable or C<MYAPP_HOME>; where C<MYAPP>
254 is replaced with the uppercased name of your application, any "::" in
255 the name will be replaced with underscores, e.g. MyApp::Web should use
256 MYAPP_WEB_HOME. If both variables are set, the MYAPP_HOME one will be used.
260 use Catalyst '-Log=warn,fatal,error';
262 Specifies a comma-delimited list of log levels.
266 Enables statistics collection and reporting. You can also force this setting
267 from the system environment with CATALYST_STATS or <MYAPP>_STATS. The
268 environment settings override the application, with <MYAPP>_STATS having the
273 use Catalyst qw/-Stats=1/
277 =head2 INFORMATION ABOUT THE CURRENT REQUEST
281 Returns a L<Catalyst::Action> object for the current action, which
282 stringifies to the action name. See L<Catalyst::Action>.
286 Returns the namespace of the current action, i.e., the URI prefix
287 corresponding to the controller of the current action. For example:
289 # in Controller::Foo::Bar
290 $c->namespace; # returns 'foo/bar';
296 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Request> object, giving access to
297 information about the current client request (including parameters,
298 cookies, HTTP headers, etc.). See L<Catalyst::Request>.
300 =head2 REQUEST FLOW HANDLING
302 =head2 $c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )
304 =head2 $c->forward( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
306 Forwards processing to another action, by its private name. If you give a
307 class name but no method, C<process()> is called. You may also optionally
308 pass arguments in an arrayref. The action will receive the arguments in
309 C<@_> and C<< $c->req->args >>. Upon returning from the function,
310 C<< $c->req->args >> will be restored to the previous values.
312 Any data C<return>ed from the action forwarded to, will be returned by the
315 my $foodata = $c->forward('/foo');
316 $c->forward('index');
317 $c->forward(qw/MyApp::Model::DBIC::Foo do_stuff/);
318 $c->forward('MyApp::View::TT');
320 Note that forward implies an C<<eval { }>> around the call (actually
321 C<execute> does), thus de-fatalizing all 'dies' within the called
322 action. If you want C<die> to propagate you need to do something like:
325 die $c->error if $c->error;
327 Or make sure to always return true values from your actions and write
330 $c->forward('foo') || return;
334 sub forward { my $c = shift; no warnings 'recursion'; $c->dispatcher->forward( $c, @_ ) }
336 =head2 $c->detach( $action [, \@arguments ] )
338 =head2 $c->detach( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
342 The same as C<forward>, but doesn't return to the previous action when
343 processing is finished.
345 When called with no arguments it escapes the processing chain entirely.
349 sub detach { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->detach( $c, @_ ) }
351 =head2 $c->visit( $action [, \@arguments ] )
353 =head2 $c->visit( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
355 Almost the same as C<forward>, but does a full dispatch, instead of just
356 calling the new C<$action> / C<$class-E<gt>$method>. This means that C<begin>,
357 C<auto> and the method you go to are called, just like a new request.
359 In addition both C<< $c->action >> and C<< $c->namespace >> are localized.
360 This means, for example, that $c->action methods such as C<name>, C<class> and
361 C<reverse> return information for the visited action when they are invoked
362 within the visited action. This is different from the behavior of C<forward>
363 which continues to use the $c->action object from the caller action even when
364 invoked from the callee.
366 C<$c-E<gt>stash> is kept unchanged.
368 In effect, C<visit> allows you to "wrap" another action, just as it
369 would have been called by dispatching from a URL, while the analogous
370 C<go> allows you to transfer control to another action as if it had
371 been reached directly from a URL.
375 sub visit { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->visit( $c, @_ ) }
377 =head2 $c->go( $action [, \@arguments ] )
379 =head2 $c->go( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
381 Almost the same as C<detach>, but does a full dispatch like C<visit>,
382 instead of just calling the new C<$action> /
383 C<$class-E<gt>$method>. This means that C<begin>, C<auto> and the
384 method you visit are called, just like a new request.
386 C<$c-E<gt>stash> is kept unchanged.
390 sub go { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->go( $c, @_ ) }
396 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Response> object, see there for details.
400 Returns a hashref to the stash, which may be used to store data and pass
401 it between components during a request. You can also set hash keys by
402 passing arguments. The stash is automatically sent to the view. The
403 stash is cleared at the end of a request; it cannot be used for
404 persistent storage (for this you must use a session; see
405 L<Catalyst::Plugin::Session> for a complete system integrated with
408 $c->stash->{foo} = $bar;
409 $c->stash( { moose => 'majestic', qux => 0 } );
410 $c->stash( bar => 1, gorch => 2 ); # equivalent to passing a hashref
412 # stash is automatically passed to the view for use in a template
413 $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' );
417 around stash => sub {
420 my $stash = $orig->($c);
422 my $new_stash = @_ > 1 ? {@_} : $_[0];
423 croak('stash takes a hash or hashref') unless ref $new_stash;
424 foreach my $key ( keys %$new_stash ) {
425 $stash->{$key} = $new_stash->{$key};
435 =head2 $c->error($error, ...)
437 =head2 $c->error($arrayref)
439 Returns an arrayref containing error messages. If Catalyst encounters an
440 error while processing a request, it stores the error in $c->error. This
441 method should only be used to store fatal error messages.
443 my @error = @{ $c->error };
447 $c->error('Something bad happened');
454 my $error = ref $_[0] eq 'ARRAY' ? $_[0] : [@_];
455 croak @$error unless ref $c;
456 push @{ $c->{error} }, @$error;
458 elsif ( defined $_[0] ) { $c->{error} = undef }
459 return $c->{error} || [];
465 Contains the return value of the last executed action.
467 =head2 $c->clear_errors
469 Clear errors. You probably don't want to clear the errors unless you are
470 implementing a custom error screen.
472 This is equivalent to running
483 # search components given a name and some prefixes
484 sub _comp_search_prefixes {
485 my ( $c, $name, @prefixes ) = @_;
486 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
487 my $filter = "^${appclass}::(" . join( '|', @prefixes ) . ')::';
489 # map the original component name to the sub part that we will search against
490 my %eligible = map { my $n = $_; $n =~ s{^$appclass\::[^:]+::}{}; $_ => $n; }
491 grep { /$filter/ } keys %{ $c->components };
493 # undef for a name will return all
494 return keys %eligible if !defined $name;
496 my $query = ref $name ? $name : qr/^$name$/i;
497 my @result = grep { $eligible{$_} =~ m{$query} } keys %eligible;
499 return map { $c->components->{ $_ } } @result if @result;
501 # if we were given a regexp to search against, we're done.
506 @result = map { $c->components->{ $_ } } grep { $eligible{ $_ } =~ m{$query} } keys %eligible;
508 # no results? try against full names
510 @result = map { $c->components->{ $_ } } grep { m{$query} } keys %eligible;
513 # don't warn if we didn't find any results, it just might not exist
515 my $msg = "Used regexp fallback for \$c->model('${name}'), which found '" .
516 (join '", "', @result) . "'. Relying on regexp fallback behavior for " .
517 "component resolution is unreliable and unsafe.";
518 my $short = $result[0];
519 $short =~ s/.*?Model:://;
520 my $shortmess = Carp::shortmess('');
521 if ($shortmess =~ m#Catalyst/Plugin#) {
522 $msg .= " You probably need to set '$short' instead of '${name}' in this " .
524 } elsif ($shortmess =~ m#Catalyst/lib/(View|Controller)#) {
525 $msg .= " You probably need to set '$short' instead of '${name}' in this " .
526 "component's config";
528 $msg .= " You probably meant \$c->model('$short') instead of \$c->model{'${name}'}, " .
529 "but if you really wanted to search, pass in a regexp as the argument " .
530 "like so: \$c->model(qr/${name}/)";
532 $c->log->warn( "${msg}$shortmess" );
538 # Find possible names for a prefix
540 my ( $c, @prefixes ) = @_;
541 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
543 my $filter = "^${appclass}::(" . join( '|', @prefixes ) . ')::';
545 my @names = map { s{$filter}{}; $_; } $c->_comp_search_prefixes( undef, @prefixes );
549 # Filter a component before returning by calling ACCEPT_CONTEXT if available
550 sub _filter_component {
551 my ( $c, $comp, @args ) = @_;
553 if ( eval { $comp->can('ACCEPT_CONTEXT'); } ) {
554 return $comp->ACCEPT_CONTEXT( $c, @args );
560 =head2 COMPONENT ACCESSORS
562 =head2 $c->controller($name)
564 Gets a L<Catalyst::Controller> instance by name.
566 $c->controller('Foo')->do_stuff;
568 If the name is omitted, will return the controller for the dispatched
571 If you want to search for controllers, pass in a regexp as the argument.
573 # find all controllers that start with Foo
574 my @foo_controllers = $c->controller(qr{^Foo});
580 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
583 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Controller C/ );
584 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
585 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
588 return $c->component( $c->action->class );
591 =head2 $c->model($name)
593 Gets a L<Catalyst::Model> instance by name.
595 $c->model('Foo')->do_stuff;
597 Any extra arguments are directly passed to ACCEPT_CONTEXT.
599 If the name is omitted, it will look for
600 - a model object in $c->stash->{current_model_instance}, then
601 - a model name in $c->stash->{current_model}, then
602 - a config setting 'default_model', or
603 - check if there is only one model, and return it if that's the case.
605 If you want to search for models, pass in a regexp as the argument.
607 # find all models that start with Foo
608 my @foo_models = $c->model(qr{^Foo});
613 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
616 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Model M/ );
617 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
618 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
622 return $c->stash->{current_model_instance}
623 if $c->stash->{current_model_instance};
624 return $c->model( $c->stash->{current_model} )
625 if $c->stash->{current_model};
627 return $c->model( $c->config->{default_model} )
628 if $c->config->{default_model};
630 my( $comp, $rest ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( undef, qw/Model M/);
633 $c->log->warn( Carp::shortmess('Calling $c->model() will return a random model unless you specify one of:') );
634 $c->log->warn( '* $c->config->{default_model} # the name of the default model to use' );
635 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_model} # the name of the model to use for this request' );
636 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_model_instance} # the instance of the model to use for this request' );
637 $c->log->warn( 'NB: in version 5.81, the "random" behavior will not work at all.' );
640 return $c->_filter_component( $comp );
644 =head2 $c->view($name)
646 Gets a L<Catalyst::View> instance by name.
648 $c->view('Foo')->do_stuff;
650 Any extra arguments are directly passed to ACCEPT_CONTEXT.
652 If the name is omitted, it will look for
653 - a view object in $c->stash->{current_view_instance}, then
654 - a view name in $c->stash->{current_view}, then
655 - a config setting 'default_view', or
656 - check if there is only one view, and return it if that's the case.
658 If you want to search for views, pass in a regexp as the argument.
660 # find all views that start with Foo
661 my @foo_views = $c->view(qr{^Foo});
666 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
669 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/View V/ );
670 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
671 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
675 return $c->stash->{current_view_instance}
676 if $c->stash->{current_view_instance};
677 return $c->view( $c->stash->{current_view} )
678 if $c->stash->{current_view};
680 return $c->view( $c->config->{default_view} )
681 if $c->config->{default_view};
683 my( $comp, $rest ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( undef, qw/View V/);
686 $c->log->warn( 'Calling $c->view() will return a random view unless you specify one of:' );
687 $c->log->warn( '* $c->config->{default_view} # the name of the default view to use' );
688 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_view} # the name of the view to use for this request' );
689 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_view_instance} # the instance of the view to use for this request' );
690 $c->log->warn( 'NB: in version 5.81, the "random" behavior will not work at all.' );
693 return $c->_filter_component( $comp );
696 =head2 $c->controllers
698 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->controller
704 return $c->_comp_names(qw/Controller C/);
709 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->model
715 return $c->_comp_names(qw/Model M/);
721 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->view
727 return $c->_comp_names(qw/View V/);
730 =head2 $c->comp($name)
732 =head2 $c->component($name)
734 Gets a component object by name. This method is not recommended,
735 unless you want to get a specific component by full
736 class. C<< $c->controller >>, C<< $c->model >>, and C<< $c->view >>
737 should be used instead.
739 If C<$name> is a regexp, a list of components matched against the full
740 component name will be returned.
745 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
748 my $comps = $c->components;
751 # is it the exact name?
752 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{ $name }, @args )
753 if exists $comps->{ $name };
755 # perhaps we just omitted "MyApp"?
756 my $composed = ( ref $c || $c ) . "::${name}";
757 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{ $composed }, @args )
758 if exists $comps->{ $composed };
760 # search all of the models, views and controllers
761 my( $comp ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Model M Controller C View V/ );
762 return $c->_filter_component( $comp, @args ) if $comp;
765 # This is here so $c->comp( '::M::' ) works
766 my $query = ref $name ? $name : qr{$name}i;
768 my @result = grep { m{$query} } keys %{ $c->components };
769 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
772 $c->log->warn( Carp::shortmess(qq(Found results for "${name}" using regexp fallback)) );
773 $c->log->warn( 'Relying on the regexp fallback behavior for component resolution' );
774 $c->log->warn( 'is unreliable and unsafe. You have been warned' );
775 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
778 # I would expect to return an empty list here, but that breaks back-compat
782 return sort keys %{ $c->components };
785 =head2 CLASS DATA AND HELPER CLASSES
789 Returns or takes a hashref containing the application's configuration.
791 __PACKAGE__->config( { db => 'dsn:SQLite:foo.db' } );
793 You can also use a C<YAML>, C<XML> or C<Config::General> config file
794 like myapp.yml in your applications home directory. See
795 L<Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader>.
798 db: dsn:SQLite:foo.db
803 around config => sub {
807 croak('Setting config after setup has been run is not allowed.')
808 if ( @_ and $c->setup_finished );
815 Returns the logging object instance. Unless it is already set, Catalyst
816 sets this up with a L<Catalyst::Log> object. To use your own log class,
817 set the logger with the C<< __PACKAGE__->log >> method prior to calling
818 C<< __PACKAGE__->setup >>.
820 __PACKAGE__->log( MyLogger->new );
825 $c->log->info( 'Now logging with my own logger!' );
827 Your log class should implement the methods described in
833 Overload to enable debug messages (same as -Debug option).
835 Note that this is a static method, not an accessor and should be overloaded
836 by declaring "sub debug { 1 }" in your MyApp.pm, not by calling $c->debug(1).
842 =head2 $c->dispatcher
844 Returns the dispatcher instance. See L<Catalyst::Dispatcher>.
848 Returns the engine instance. See L<Catalyst::Engine>.
851 =head2 UTILITY METHODS
853 =head2 $c->path_to(@path)
855 Merges C<@path> with C<< $c->config->{home} >> and returns a
856 L<Path::Class::Dir> object.
860 $c->path_to( 'db', 'sqlite.db' );
865 my ( $c, @path ) = @_;
866 my $path = Path::Class::Dir->new( $c->config->{home}, @path );
867 if ( -d $path ) { return $path }
868 else { return Path::Class::File->new( $c->config->{home}, @path ) }
871 =head2 $c->plugin( $name, $class, @args )
873 Helper method for plugins. It creates a class data accessor/mutator and
874 loads and instantiates the given class.
876 MyApp->plugin( 'prototype', 'HTML::Prototype' );
878 $c->prototype->define_javascript_functions;
880 B<Note:> This method of adding plugins is deprecated. The ability
881 to add plugins like this B<will be removed> in a Catalyst 5.9.
882 Please do not use this functionality in new code.
887 my ( $class, $name, $plugin, @args ) = @_;
889 # See block comment in t/unit_core_plugin.t
890 $class->log->debug(qq/Adding plugin using the ->plugin method is deprecated, and will be removed in Catalyst 5.9/);
892 $class->_register_plugin( $plugin, 1 );
894 eval { $plugin->import };
895 $class->mk_classdata($name);
897 eval { $obj = $plugin->new(@args) };
900 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
901 qq/Couldn't instantiate instant plugin "$plugin", "$@"/ );
905 $class->log->debug(qq/Initialized instant plugin "$plugin" as "$name"/)
911 Initializes the dispatcher and engine, loads any plugins, and loads the
912 model, view, and controller components. You may also specify an array
913 of plugins to load here, if you choose to not load them in the C<use
917 MyApp->setup( qw/-Debug/ );
922 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
923 croak('Running setup more than once')
924 if ( $class->setup_finished );
926 unless ( $class->isa('Catalyst') ) {
928 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
929 message => qq/'$class' does not inherit from Catalyst/ );
932 if ( $class->arguments ) {
933 @arguments = ( @arguments, @{ $class->arguments } );
939 foreach (@arguments) {
943 ( $flags->{log} ) ? 'debug,' . $flags->{log} : 'debug';
945 elsif (/^-(\w+)=?(.*)$/) {
946 $flags->{ lc $1 } = $2;
949 push @{ $flags->{plugins} }, $_;
953 $class->setup_home( delete $flags->{home} );
955 $class->setup_log( delete $flags->{log} );
956 $class->setup_plugins( delete $flags->{plugins} );
957 $class->setup_dispatcher( delete $flags->{dispatcher} );
958 $class->setup_engine( delete $flags->{engine} );
959 $class->setup_stats( delete $flags->{stats} );
961 for my $flag ( sort keys %{$flags} ) {
963 if ( my $code = $class->can( 'setup_' . $flag ) ) {
964 &$code( $class, delete $flags->{$flag} );
967 $class->log->warn(qq/Unknown flag "$flag"/);
971 eval { require Catalyst::Devel; };
972 if( !$@ && $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} && ( $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} < $Catalyst::Devel::CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN ) ) {
973 $class->log->warn(<<"EOF");
974 You are running an old script!
976 Please update by running (this will overwrite existing files):
977 catalyst.pl -force -scripts $class
979 or (this will not overwrite existing files):
980 catalyst.pl -scripts $class
985 if ( $class->debug ) {
986 my @plugins = map { "$_ " . ( $_->VERSION || '' ) } $class->registered_plugins;
989 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 6;
990 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new($column_width);
991 $t->row($_) for @plugins;
992 $class->log->debug( "Loaded plugins:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" );
995 my $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher;
996 my $engine = $class->engine;
997 my $home = $class->config->{home};
999 $class->log->debug(sprintf(q/Loaded dispatcher "%s"/, blessed($dispatcher)));
1000 $class->log->debug(sprintf(q/Loaded engine "%s"/, blessed($engine)));
1004 ? $class->log->debug(qq/Found home "$home"/)
1005 : $class->log->debug(qq/Home "$home" doesn't exist/)
1006 : $class->log->debug(q/Couldn't find home/);
1009 # Call plugins setup, this is stupid and evil.
1011 no warnings qw/redefine/;
1012 local *setup = sub { };
1016 # Initialize our data structure
1017 $class->components( {} );
1019 $class->setup_components;
1021 if ( $class->debug ) {
1022 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 8 - 9;
1023 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ $column_width, 'Class' ], [ 8, 'Type' ] );
1024 for my $comp ( sort keys %{ $class->components } ) {
1025 my $type = ref $class->components->{$comp} ? 'instance' : 'class';
1026 $t->row( $comp, $type );
1028 $class->log->debug( "Loaded components:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" )
1029 if ( keys %{ $class->components } );
1032 # Add our self to components, since we are also a component
1033 if( $class->isa('Catalyst::Controller') ){
1034 $class->components->{$class} = $class;
1037 $class->setup_actions;
1039 if ( $class->debug ) {
1040 my $name = $class->config->{name} || 'Application';
1041 $class->log->info("$name powered by Catalyst $Catalyst::VERSION");
1043 $class->log->_flush() if $class->log->can('_flush');
1045 # Make sure that the application class becomes immutable at this point,
1046 # which ensures that it gets an inlined constructor. This means that it
1047 # works even if the user has added a plugin which contains a new method.
1048 # Note however that we have to do the work on scope end, so that method
1049 # modifiers work correctly in MyApp (as you have to call setup _before_
1050 # applying modifiers).
1051 Scope::Upper::reap(sub {
1052 my $meta = Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class);
1053 $meta->make_immutable unless $meta->is_immutable;
1054 }, Scope::Upper::SCOPE(1));
1056 $class->setup_finalize;
1060 =head2 $app->setup_finalize
1062 A hook to attach modifiers to.
1063 Using C< after setup => sub{}; > doesn't work, because of quirky things done for plugin setup.
1064 Also better than C< setup_finished(); >, as that is a getter method.
1066 sub setup_finalize {
1070 ## do stuff, i.e., determine a primary key column for sessions stored in a DB
1072 $app->next::method(@_);
1079 sub setup_finalize {
1081 $class->setup_finished(1);
1084 =head2 $c->uri_for( $action, \@captures?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1086 =head2 $c->uri_for( $path, @args?, \%query_values? )
1092 A Catalyst::Action object representing the Catalyst action you want to
1093 create a URI for. To get one for an action in the current controller,
1094 use C<< $c->action('someactionname') >>. To get one from different
1095 controller, fetch the controller using C<< $c->controller() >>, then
1096 call C<action_for> on it.
1098 You can maintain the arguments captured by an action (e.g.: Regex, Chained)
1099 using C<< $c->req->captures >>.
1101 # For the current action
1102 $c->uri_for($c->action, $c->req->captures);
1104 # For the Foo action in the Bar controller
1105 $c->uri_for($c->controller->('Bar')->action_for('Foo'), $c->req->captures);
1112 my ( $c, $path, @args ) = @_;
1114 if ( Scalar::Util::blessed($path) ) { # action object
1115 my $captures = ( scalar @args && ref $args[0] eq 'ARRAY'
1118 $path = $c->dispatcher->uri_for_action($path, $captures);
1119 return undef unless defined($path);
1120 $path = '/' if $path eq '';
1123 undef($path) if (defined $path && $path eq '');
1126 ( scalar @args && ref $args[$#args] eq 'HASH' ? pop @args : {} );
1128 carp "uri_for called with undef argument" if grep { ! defined $_ } @args;
1129 s/([^$URI::uric])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go for @args;
1131 unshift(@args, $path);
1133 unless (defined $path && $path =~ s!^/!!) { # in-place strip
1134 my $namespace = $c->namespace;
1135 if (defined $path) { # cheesy hack to handle path '../foo'
1136 $namespace =~ s{(?:^|/)[^/]+$}{} while $args[0] =~ s{^\.\./}{};
1138 unshift(@args, $namespace || '');
1141 # join args with '/', or a blank string
1142 my $args = join('/', grep { defined($_) } @args);
1143 $args =~ s/\?/%3F/g; # STUPID STUPID SPECIAL CASE
1145 my $base = $c->req->base;
1146 my $class = ref($base);
1147 $base =~ s{(?<!/)$}{/};
1151 if (my @keys = keys %$params) {
1152 # somewhat lifted from URI::_query's query_form
1153 $query = '?'.join('&', map {
1154 my $val = $params->{$_};
1155 s/([;\/?:@&=+,\$\[\]%])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1158 $val = '' unless defined $val;
1161 utf8::encode( $_ ) if utf8::is_utf8($_);
1162 # using the URI::Escape pattern here so utf8 chars survive
1163 s/([^A-Za-z0-9\-_.!~*'() ])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1165 "${key}=$_"; } ( ref $val eq 'ARRAY' ? @$val : $val ));
1169 my $res = bless(\"${base}${args}${query}", $class);
1173 =head2 $c->welcome_message
1175 Returns the Catalyst welcome HTML page.
1179 sub welcome_message {
1181 my $name = $c->config->{name};
1182 my $logo = $c->uri_for('/static/images/catalyst_logo.png');
1183 my $prefix = Catalyst::Utils::appprefix( ref $c );
1184 $c->response->content_type('text/html; charset=utf-8');
1186 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
1187 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
1188 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
1190 <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en" />
1191 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
1192 <title>$name on Catalyst $VERSION</title>
1193 <style type="text/css">
1196 background-color: #eee;
1203 margin-bottom: 10px;
1205 background-color: #ccc;
1206 border: 1px solid #aaa;
1211 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
1214 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
1217 text-decoration: none;
1219 border-bottom: 1px dotted #bbb;
1221 :link:hover, :visited:hover {
1234 background-color: #fff;
1235 border: 1px solid #aaa;
1239 font-weight: normal;
1261 <h1><span id="appname">$name</span> on <a href="http://catalyst.perl.org">Catalyst</a>
1266 <img src="$logo" alt="Catalyst Logo" />
1268 <p>Welcome to the world of Catalyst.
1269 This <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MVC">MVC</a>
1270 framework will make web development something you had
1271 never expected it to be: Fun, rewarding, and quick.</p>
1272 <h2>What to do now?</h2>
1273 <p>That really depends on what <b>you</b> want to do.
1274 We do, however, provide you with a few starting points.</p>
1275 <p>If you want to jump right into web development with Catalyst
1276 you might want to start with a tutorial.</p>
1277 <pre>perldoc <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/dist/Catalyst-Manual/lib/Catalyst/Manual/Tutorial.pod">Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial</a></code>
1279 <p>Afterwards you can go on to check out a more complete look at our features.</p>
1281 <code>perldoc <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/dist/Catalyst-Manual/lib/Catalyst/Manual/Intro.pod">Catalyst::Manual::Intro</a>
1282 <!-- Something else should go here, but the Catalyst::Manual link seems unhelpful -->
1284 <h2>What to do next?</h2>
1285 <p>Next it's time to write an actual application. Use the
1286 helper scripts to generate <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AController%3A%3A&mode=all">controllers</a>,
1287 <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AModel%3A%3A&mode=all">models</a>, and
1288 <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AView%3A%3A&mode=all">views</a>;
1289 they can save you a lot of work.</p>
1290 <pre><code>script/${prefix}_create.pl -help</code></pre>
1291 <p>Also, be sure to check out the vast and growing
1292 collection of <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3APlugin%3A%3A&mode=all">plugins for Catalyst on CPAN</a>;
1293 you are likely to find what you need there.
1297 <p>Catalyst has a very active community. Here are the main places to
1298 get in touch with us.</p>
1301 <a href="http://dev.catalyst.perl.org">Wiki</a>
1304 <a href="http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst">Mailing-List</a>
1307 <a href="irc://irc.perl.org/catalyst">IRC channel #catalyst on irc.perl.org</a>
1310 <h2>In conclusion</h2>
1311 <p>The Catalyst team hopes you will enjoy using Catalyst as much
1312 as we enjoyed making it. Please contact us if you have ideas
1313 for improvement or other feedback.</p>
1321 =head1 INTERNAL METHODS
1323 These methods are not meant to be used by end users.
1325 =head2 $c->components
1327 Returns a hash of components.
1329 =head2 $c->context_class
1331 Returns or sets the context class.
1335 Returns a hashref containing coderefs and execution counts (needed for
1336 deep recursion detection).
1340 Returns the number of actions on the current internal execution stack.
1344 Dispatches a request to actions.
1348 sub dispatch { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->dispatch( $c, @_ ) }
1350 =head2 $c->dispatcher_class
1352 Returns or sets the dispatcher class.
1354 =head2 $c->dump_these
1356 Returns a list of 2-element array references (name, structure) pairs
1357 that will be dumped on the error page in debug mode.
1363 [ Request => $c->req ],
1364 [ Response => $c->res ],
1365 [ Stash => $c->stash ],
1366 [ Config => $c->config ];
1369 =head2 $c->engine_class
1371 Returns or sets the engine class.
1373 =head2 $c->execute( $class, $coderef )
1375 Execute a coderef in given class and catch exceptions. Errors are available
1381 my ( $c, $class, $code ) = @_;
1382 $class = $c->component($class) || $class;
1385 if ( $c->depth >= $RECURSION ) {
1386 my $action = $code->reverse();
1387 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /->/;
1388 my $error = qq/Deep recursion detected calling "${action}"/;
1389 $c->log->error($error);
1395 my $stats_info = $c->_stats_start_execute( $code ) if $c->use_stats;
1397 push( @{ $c->stack }, $code );
1399 eval { $c->state( $code->execute( $class, $c, @{ $c->req->args } ) || 0 ) };
1401 $c->_stats_finish_execute( $stats_info ) if $c->use_stats and $stats_info;
1403 my $last = pop( @{ $c->stack } );
1405 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1406 if ( !ref($error) and $error eq $DETACH ) {
1407 die $DETACH if($c->depth > 1);
1409 elsif ( !ref($error) and $error eq $GO ) {
1410 die $GO if($c->depth > 0);
1413 unless ( ref $error ) {
1414 no warnings 'uninitialized';
1416 my $class = $last->class;
1417 my $name = $last->name;
1418 $error = qq/Caught exception in $class->$name "$error"/;
1427 sub _stats_start_execute {
1428 my ( $c, $code ) = @_;
1430 return if ( ( $code->name =~ /^_.*/ )
1431 && ( !$c->config->{show_internal_actions} ) );
1433 my $action_name = $code->reverse();
1434 $c->counter->{$action_name}++;
1436 my $action = $action_name;
1437 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /->/;
1439 # determine if the call was the result of a forward
1440 # this is done by walking up the call stack and looking for a calling
1441 # sub of Catalyst::forward before the eval
1443 for my $index ( 2 .. 11 ) {
1445 if ( ( caller($index) )[0] eq 'Catalyst'
1446 && ( caller($index) )[3] eq '(eval)' );
1448 if ( ( caller($index) )[3] =~ /forward$/ ) {
1449 $callsub = ( caller($index) )[3];
1450 $action = "-> $action";
1455 my $uid = $action_name . $c->counter->{$action_name};
1457 # is this a root-level call or a forwarded call?
1458 if ( $callsub =~ /forward$/ ) {
1460 # forward, locate the caller
1461 if ( my $parent = $c->stack->[-1] ) {
1464 parent => "$parent" . $c->counter->{"$parent"},
1470 # forward with no caller may come from a plugin
1489 sub _stats_finish_execute {
1490 my ( $c, $info ) = @_;
1491 $c->stats->profile( end => $info );
1494 =head2 $c->_localize_fields( sub { }, \%keys );
1498 #Why does this exist? This is no longer safe and WILL NOT WORK.
1499 # it doesnt seem to be used anywhere. can we remove it?
1500 sub _localize_fields {
1501 my ( $c, $localized, $code ) = ( @_ );
1503 my $request = delete $localized->{request} || {};
1504 my $response = delete $localized->{response} || {};
1506 local @{ $c }{ keys %$localized } = values %$localized;
1507 local @{ $c->request }{ keys %$request } = values %$request;
1508 local @{ $c->response }{ keys %$response } = values %$response;
1515 Finalizes the request.
1522 for my $error ( @{ $c->error } ) {
1523 $c->log->error($error);
1526 # Allow engine to handle finalize flow (for POE)
1527 my $engine = $c->engine;
1528 if ( my $code = $engine->can('finalize') ) {
1533 $c->finalize_uploads;
1536 if ( $#{ $c->error } >= 0 ) {
1540 $c->finalize_headers;
1543 if ( $c->request->method eq 'HEAD' ) {
1544 $c->response->body('');
1550 if ($c->use_stats) {
1551 my $elapsed = sprintf '%f', $c->stats->elapsed;
1552 my $av = $elapsed == 0 ? '??' : sprintf '%.3f', 1 / $elapsed;
1554 "Request took ${elapsed}s ($av/s)\n" . $c->stats->report . "\n" );
1557 return $c->response->status;
1560 =head2 $c->finalize_body
1566 sub finalize_body { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_body( $c, @_ ) }
1568 =head2 $c->finalize_cookies
1574 sub finalize_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_cookies( $c, @_ ) }
1576 =head2 $c->finalize_error
1582 sub finalize_error { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_error( $c, @_ ) }
1584 =head2 $c->finalize_headers
1590 sub finalize_headers {
1593 my $response = $c->response; #accessor calls can add up?
1595 # Check if we already finalized headers
1596 return if $response->finalized_headers;
1599 if ( my $location = $response->redirect ) {
1600 $c->log->debug(qq/Redirecting to "$location"/) if $c->debug;
1601 $response->header( Location => $location );
1603 if ( !$response->has_body ) {
1604 # Add a default body if none is already present
1606 qq{<html><body><p>This item has moved <a href="$location">here</a>.</p></body></html>}
1612 if ( $response->body && !$response->content_length ) {
1614 # get the length from a filehandle
1615 if ( blessed( $response->body ) && $response->body->can('read') )
1617 my $stat = stat $response->body;
1618 if ( $stat && $stat->size > 0 ) {
1619 $response->content_length( $stat->size );
1622 $c->log->warn('Serving filehandle without a content-length');
1626 # everything should be bytes at this point, but just in case
1627 $response->content_length( bytes::length( $response->body ) );
1632 if ( $response->status =~ /^(1\d\d|[23]04)$/ ) {
1633 $response->headers->remove_header("Content-Length");
1634 $response->body('');
1637 $c->finalize_cookies;
1639 $c->engine->finalize_headers( $c, @_ );
1642 $response->finalized_headers(1);
1645 =head2 $c->finalize_output
1647 An alias for finalize_body.
1649 =head2 $c->finalize_read
1651 Finalizes the input after reading is complete.
1655 sub finalize_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_read( $c, @_ ) }
1657 =head2 $c->finalize_uploads
1659 Finalizes uploads. Cleans up any temporary files.
1663 sub finalize_uploads { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_uploads( $c, @_ ) }
1665 =head2 $c->get_action( $action, $namespace )
1667 Gets an action in a given namespace.
1671 sub get_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_action(@_) }
1673 =head2 $c->get_actions( $action, $namespace )
1675 Gets all actions of a given name in a namespace and all parent
1680 sub get_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_actions( $c, @_ ) }
1682 =head2 $c->handle_request( $class, @arguments )
1684 Called to handle each HTTP request.
1688 sub handle_request {
1689 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
1691 # Always expect worst case!
1694 if ($class->debug) {
1695 my $secs = time - $START || 1;
1696 my $av = sprintf '%.3f', $COUNT / $secs;
1697 my $time = localtime time;
1698 $class->log->info("*** Request $COUNT ($av/s) [$$] [$time] ***");
1701 my $c = $class->prepare(@arguments);
1703 $status = $c->finalize;
1706 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1708 $class->log->error(qq/Caught exception in engine "$error"/);
1713 if(my $coderef = $class->log->can('_flush')){
1714 $class->log->$coderef();
1719 =head2 $c->prepare( @arguments )
1721 Creates a Catalyst context from an engine-specific request (Apache, CGI,
1727 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
1730 # After the app/ctxt split, this should become an attribute based on something passed
1731 # into the application.
1732 $class->context_class( ref $class || $class ) unless $class->context_class;
1734 my $c = $class->context_class->new({});
1736 # For on-demand data
1737 $c->request->_context($c);
1738 $c->response->_context($c);
1740 #surely this is not the most efficient way to do things...
1741 $c->stats($class->stats_class->new)->enable($c->use_stats);
1743 $c->res->headers->header( 'X-Catalyst' => $Catalyst::VERSION );
1746 #XXX reuse coderef from can
1747 # Allow engine to direct the prepare flow (for POE)
1748 if ( $c->engine->can('prepare') ) {
1749 $c->engine->prepare( $c, @arguments );
1752 $c->prepare_request(@arguments);
1753 $c->prepare_connection;
1754 $c->prepare_query_parameters;
1755 $c->prepare_headers;
1756 $c->prepare_cookies;
1759 # Prepare the body for reading, either by prepare_body
1760 # or the user, if they are using $c->read
1763 # Parse the body unless the user wants it on-demand
1764 unless ( $c->config->{parse_on_demand} ) {
1769 my $method = $c->req->method || '';
1770 my $path = $c->req->path;
1771 $path = '/' unless length $path;
1772 my $address = $c->req->address || '';
1774 $c->log->debug(qq/"$method" request for "$path" from "$address"/)
1782 =head2 $c->prepare_action
1784 Prepares action. See L<Catalyst::Dispatcher>.
1788 sub prepare_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->prepare_action( $c, @_ ) }
1790 =head2 $c->prepare_body
1792 Prepares message body.
1799 return if $c->request->_has_body;
1801 # Initialize on-demand data
1802 $c->engine->prepare_body( $c, @_ );
1803 $c->prepare_parameters;
1804 $c->prepare_uploads;
1806 if ( $c->debug && keys %{ $c->req->body_parameters } ) {
1807 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 35, 'Parameter' ], [ 36, 'Value' ] );
1808 for my $key ( sort keys %{ $c->req->body_parameters } ) {
1809 my $param = $c->req->body_parameters->{$key};
1810 my $value = defined($param) ? $param : '';
1812 ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ? ( join ', ', @$value ) : $value );
1814 $c->log->debug( "Body Parameters are:\n" . $t->draw );
1818 =head2 $c->prepare_body_chunk( $chunk )
1820 Prepares a chunk of data before sending it to L<HTTP::Body>.
1822 See L<Catalyst::Engine>.
1826 sub prepare_body_chunk {
1828 $c->engine->prepare_body_chunk( $c, @_ );
1831 =head2 $c->prepare_body_parameters
1833 Prepares body parameters.
1837 sub prepare_body_parameters {
1839 $c->engine->prepare_body_parameters( $c, @_ );
1842 =head2 $c->prepare_connection
1844 Prepares connection.
1848 sub prepare_connection {
1850 $c->engine->prepare_connection( $c, @_ );
1853 =head2 $c->prepare_cookies
1859 sub prepare_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_cookies( $c, @_ ) }
1861 =head2 $c->prepare_headers
1867 sub prepare_headers { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_headers( $c, @_ ) }
1869 =head2 $c->prepare_parameters
1871 Prepares parameters.
1875 sub prepare_parameters {
1877 $c->prepare_body_parameters;
1878 $c->engine->prepare_parameters( $c, @_ );
1881 =head2 $c->prepare_path
1883 Prepares path and base.
1887 sub prepare_path { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_path( $c, @_ ) }
1889 =head2 $c->prepare_query_parameters
1891 Prepares query parameters.
1895 sub prepare_query_parameters {
1898 $c->engine->prepare_query_parameters( $c, @_ );
1900 if ( $c->debug && keys %{ $c->request->query_parameters } ) {
1901 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 35, 'Parameter' ], [ 36, 'Value' ] );
1902 for my $key ( sort keys %{ $c->req->query_parameters } ) {
1903 my $param = $c->req->query_parameters->{$key};
1904 my $value = defined($param) ? $param : '';
1906 ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ? ( join ', ', @$value ) : $value );
1908 $c->log->debug( "Query Parameters are:\n" . $t->draw );
1912 =head2 $c->prepare_read
1914 Prepares the input for reading.
1918 sub prepare_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_read( $c, @_ ) }
1920 =head2 $c->prepare_request
1922 Prepares the engine request.
1926 sub prepare_request { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_request( $c, @_ ) }
1928 =head2 $c->prepare_uploads
1934 sub prepare_uploads {
1937 $c->engine->prepare_uploads( $c, @_ );
1939 if ( $c->debug && keys %{ $c->request->uploads } ) {
1940 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new(
1941 [ 12, 'Parameter' ],
1946 for my $key ( sort keys %{ $c->request->uploads } ) {
1947 my $upload = $c->request->uploads->{$key};
1948 for my $u ( ref $upload eq 'ARRAY' ? @{$upload} : ($upload) ) {
1949 $t->row( $key, $u->filename, $u->type, $u->size );
1952 $c->log->debug( "File Uploads are:\n" . $t->draw );
1956 =head2 $c->prepare_write
1958 Prepares the output for writing.
1962 sub prepare_write { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_write( $c, @_ ) }
1964 =head2 $c->request_class
1966 Returns or sets the request class.
1968 =head2 $c->response_class
1970 Returns or sets the response class.
1972 =head2 $c->read( [$maxlength] )
1974 Reads a chunk of data from the request body. This method is designed to
1975 be used in a while loop, reading C<$maxlength> bytes on every call.
1976 C<$maxlength> defaults to the size of the request if not specified.
1978 You have to set C<< MyApp->config->{parse_on_demand} >> to use this
1981 Warning: If you use read(), Catalyst will not process the body,
1982 so you will not be able to access POST parameters or file uploads via
1983 $c->request. You must handle all body parsing yourself.
1987 sub read { my $c = shift; return $c->engine->read( $c, @_ ) }
1995 sub run { my $c = shift; return $c->engine->run( $c, @_ ) }
1997 =head2 $c->set_action( $action, $code, $namespace, $attrs )
1999 Sets an action in a given namespace.
2003 sub set_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->set_action( $c, @_ ) }
2005 =head2 $c->setup_actions($component)
2007 Sets up actions for a component.
2011 sub setup_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->setup_actions( $c, @_ ) }
2013 =head2 $c->setup_components
2015 Sets up components. Specify a C<setup_components> config option to pass
2016 additional options directly to L<Module::Pluggable>. To add additional
2017 search paths, specify a key named C<search_extra> as an array
2018 reference. Items in the array beginning with C<::> will have the
2019 application class name prepended to them.
2021 All components found will also have any
2022 L<Devel::InnerPackage|inner packages> loaded and set up as components.
2023 Note, that modules which are B<not> an I<inner package> of the main
2024 file namespace loaded will not be instantiated as components.
2028 sub setup_components {
2031 my @paths = qw( ::Controller ::C ::Model ::M ::View ::V );
2032 my $config = $class->config->{ setup_components };
2033 my $extra = delete $config->{ search_extra } || [];
2035 push @paths, @$extra;
2037 my $locator = Module::Pluggable::Object->new(
2038 search_path => [ map { s/^(?=::)/$class/; $_; } @paths ],
2042 my @comps = sort { length $a <=> length $b } $locator->plugins;
2043 my %comps = map { $_ => 1 } @comps;
2045 for my $component ( @comps ) {
2047 # We pass ignore_loaded here so that overlay files for (e.g.)
2048 # Model::DBI::Schema sub-classes are loaded - if it's in @comps
2049 # we know M::P::O found a file on disk so this is safe
2051 Catalyst::Utils::ensure_class_loaded( $component, { ignore_loaded => 1 } );
2052 #Class::MOP::load_class($component);
2054 my $module = $class->setup_component( $component );
2056 $component => $module,
2058 $_ => $class->setup_component( $_ )
2060 not exists $comps{$_}
2061 } Devel::InnerPackage::list_packages( $component )
2064 for my $key ( keys %modules ) {
2065 $class->components->{ $key } = $modules{ $key };
2070 =head2 $c->setup_component
2074 sub setup_component {
2075 my( $class, $component ) = @_;
2077 unless ( $component->can( 'COMPONENT' ) ) {
2081 my $suffix = Catalyst::Utils::class2classsuffix( $component );
2082 my $config = $class->config->{ $suffix } || {};
2084 my $instance = eval { $component->COMPONENT( $class, $config ); };
2086 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
2088 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
2089 message => qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", "$error"/
2093 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
2095 qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", "COMPONENT() didn't return an object-like value"/
2096 ) unless blessed($instance);
2101 =head2 $c->setup_dispatcher
2107 sub setup_dispatcher {
2108 my ( $class, $dispatcher ) = @_;
2111 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $dispatcher;
2114 if ( my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'DISPATCHER' ) ) {
2115 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $env;
2118 unless ($dispatcher) {
2119 $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher_class;
2122 Class::MOP::load_class($dispatcher);
2124 # dispatcher instance
2125 $class->dispatcher( $dispatcher->new );
2128 =head2 $c->setup_engine
2135 my ( $class, $engine ) = @_;
2138 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::' . $engine;
2141 if ( my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'ENGINE' ) ) {
2142 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::' . $env;
2145 if ( $ENV{MOD_PERL} ) {
2146 my $meta = Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class);
2148 # create the apache method
2149 $meta->add_method('apache' => sub { shift->engine->apache });
2151 my ( $software, $version ) =
2152 $ENV{MOD_PERL} =~ /^(\S+)\/(\d+(?:[\.\_]\d+)+)/;
2155 $version =~ s/(\.[^.]+)\./$1/g;
2157 if ( $software eq 'mod_perl' ) {
2161 if ( $version >= 1.99922 ) {
2162 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Apache2::MP20';
2165 elsif ( $version >= 1.9901 ) {
2166 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Apache2::MP19';
2169 elsif ( $version >= 1.24 ) {
2170 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Apache::MP13';
2174 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
2175 qq/Unsupported mod_perl version: $ENV{MOD_PERL}/ );
2180 # install the correct mod_perl handler
2181 if ( $version >= 1.9901 ) {
2182 *handler = sub : method {
2183 shift->handle_request(@_);
2187 *handler = sub ($$) { shift->handle_request(@_) };
2192 elsif ( $software eq 'Zeus-Perl' ) {
2193 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Zeus';
2197 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
2198 message => qq/Unsupported mod_perl: $ENV{MOD_PERL}/ );
2203 $engine = $class->engine_class;
2206 Class::MOP::load_class($engine);
2208 # check for old engines that are no longer compatible
2210 if ( $engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Apache')
2211 && !Catalyst::Engine::Apache->VERSION )
2216 elsif ( $engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Server::Base')
2217 && Catalyst::Engine::Server->VERSION le '0.02' )
2222 elsif ($engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::HTTP::POE')
2223 && $engine->VERSION eq '0.01' )
2228 elsif ($engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Zeus')
2229 && $engine->VERSION eq '0.01' )
2235 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
2236 qq/Engine "$engine" is not supported by this version of Catalyst/
2241 $class->engine( $engine->new );
2244 =head2 $c->setup_home
2246 Sets up the home directory.
2251 my ( $class, $home ) = @_;
2253 if ( my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'HOME' ) ) {
2257 $home ||= Catalyst::Utils::home($class);
2260 #I remember recently being scolded for assigning config values like this
2261 $class->config->{home} ||= $home;
2262 $class->config->{root} ||= Path::Class::Dir->new($home)->subdir('root');
2266 =head2 $c->setup_log
2268 Sets up log by instantiating a L<Catalyst::Log|Catalyst::Log> object and
2269 passing it to C<log()>. Pass in a comma-delimited list of levels to set the
2272 This method also installs a C<debug> method that returns a true value into the
2273 catalyst subclass if the "debug" level is passed in the comma-delimited list,
2274 or if the C<$CATALYST_DEBUG> environment variable is set to a true value.
2276 Note that if the log has already been setup, by either a previous call to
2277 C<setup_log> or by a call such as C<< __PACKAGE__->log( MyLogger->new ) >>,
2278 that this method won't actually set up the log object.
2283 my ( $class, $levels ) = @_;
2286 $levels =~ s/^\s+//;
2287 $levels =~ s/\s+$//;
2288 my %levels = map { $_ => 1 } split /\s*,\s*/, $levels || '';
2290 unless ( $class->log ) {
2291 $class->log( Catalyst::Log->new(keys %levels) );
2294 my $env_debug = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'DEBUG' );
2295 if ( defined($env_debug) or $levels{debug} ) {
2296 Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class)->add_method('debug' => sub { 1 });
2297 $class->log->debug('Debug messages enabled');
2301 =head2 $c->setup_plugins
2307 =head2 $c->setup_stats
2309 Sets up timing statistics class.
2314 my ( $class, $stats ) = @_;
2316 Catalyst::Utils::ensure_class_loaded($class->stats_class);
2318 my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'STATS' );
2319 if ( defined($env) ? $env : ($stats || $class->debug ) ) {
2320 Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class)->add_method('use_stats' => sub { 1 });
2321 $class->log->debug('Statistics enabled');
2326 =head2 $c->registered_plugins
2328 Returns a sorted list of the plugins which have either been stated in the
2329 import list or which have been added via C<< MyApp->plugin(@args); >>.
2331 If passed a given plugin name, it will report a boolean value indicating
2332 whether or not that plugin is loaded. A fully qualified name is required if
2333 the plugin name does not begin with C<Catalyst::Plugin::>.
2335 if ($c->registered_plugins('Some::Plugin')) {
2343 sub registered_plugins {
2345 return sort keys %{ $proto->_plugins } unless @_;
2347 return 1 if exists $proto->_plugins->{$plugin};
2348 return exists $proto->_plugins->{"Catalyst::Plugin::$plugin"};
2351 sub _register_plugin {
2352 my ( $proto, $plugin, $instant ) = @_;
2353 my $class = ref $proto || $proto;
2355 # no ignore_loaded here, the plugin may already have been
2356 # defined in memory and we don't want to error on "no file" if so
2358 Class::MOP::load_class( $plugin );
2360 $proto->_plugins->{$plugin} = 1;
2363 if ( my $meta = Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class) ) {
2364 my @superclasses = ($plugin, $meta->superclasses );
2365 $meta->superclasses(@superclasses);
2367 unshift @{"$class\::ISA"}, $plugin;
2374 my ( $class, $plugins ) = @_;
2376 $class->_plugins( {} ) unless $class->_plugins;
2378 for my $plugin ( reverse @$plugins ) {
2380 unless ( $plugin =~ s/\A\+// ) {
2381 $plugin = "Catalyst::Plugin::$plugin";
2384 $class->_register_plugin($plugin);
2391 Returns an arrayref of the internal execution stack (actions that are
2392 currently executing).
2394 =head2 $c->stats_class
2396 Returns or sets the stats (timing statistics) class.
2398 =head2 $c->use_stats
2400 Returns 1 when stats collection is enabled. Stats collection is enabled
2401 when the -Stats options is set, debug is on or when the <MYAPP>_STATS
2402 environment variable is set.
2404 Note that this is a static method, not an accessor and should be overloaded
2405 by declaring "sub use_stats { 1 }" in your MyApp.pm, not by calling $c->use_stats(1).
2412 =head2 $c->write( $data )
2414 Writes $data to the output stream. When using this method directly, you
2415 will need to manually set the C<Content-Length> header to the length of
2416 your output data, if known.
2423 # Finalize headers if someone manually writes output
2424 $c->finalize_headers;
2426 return $c->engine->write( $c, @_ );
2431 Returns the Catalyst version number. Mostly useful for "powered by"
2432 messages in template systems.
2436 sub version { return $Catalyst::VERSION }
2438 =head1 INTERNAL ACTIONS
2440 Catalyst uses internal actions like C<_DISPATCH>, C<_BEGIN>, C<_AUTO>,
2441 C<_ACTION>, and C<_END>. These are by default not shown in the private
2442 action table, but you can make them visible with a config parameter.
2444 MyApp->config->{show_internal_actions} = 1;
2446 =head1 CASE SENSITIVITY
2448 By default Catalyst is not case sensitive, so C<MyApp::C::FOO::Bar> is
2449 mapped to C</foo/bar>. You can activate case sensitivity with a config
2452 MyApp->config->{case_sensitive} = 1;
2454 This causes C<MyApp::C::Foo::Bar> to map to C</Foo/Bar>.
2456 =head1 ON-DEMAND PARSER
2458 The request body is usually parsed at the beginning of a request,
2459 but if you want to handle input yourself, you can enable on-demand
2460 parsing with a config parameter.
2462 MyApp->config->{parse_on_demand} = 1;
2464 =head1 PROXY SUPPORT
2466 Many production servers operate using the common double-server approach,
2467 with a lightweight frontend web server passing requests to a larger
2468 backend server. An application running on the backend server must deal
2469 with two problems: the remote user always appears to be C<127.0.0.1> and
2470 the server's hostname will appear to be C<localhost> regardless of the
2471 virtual host that the user connected through.
2473 Catalyst will automatically detect this situation when you are running
2474 the frontend and backend servers on the same machine. The following
2475 changes are made to the request.
2477 $c->req->address is set to the user's real IP address, as read from
2478 the HTTP X-Forwarded-For header.
2480 The host value for $c->req->base and $c->req->uri is set to the real
2481 host, as read from the HTTP X-Forwarded-Host header.
2483 Obviously, your web server must support these headers for this to work.
2485 In a more complex server farm environment where you may have your
2486 frontend proxy server(s) on different machines, you will need to set a
2487 configuration option to tell Catalyst to read the proxied data from the
2490 MyApp->config->{using_frontend_proxy} = 1;
2492 If you do not wish to use the proxy support at all, you may set:
2494 MyApp->config->{ignore_frontend_proxy} = 1;
2496 =head1 THREAD SAFETY
2498 Catalyst has been tested under Apache 2's threading C<mpm_worker>,
2499 C<mpm_winnt>, and the standalone forking HTTP server on Windows. We
2500 believe the Catalyst core to be thread-safe.
2502 If you plan to operate in a threaded environment, remember that all other
2503 modules you are using must also be thread-safe. Some modules, most notably
2504 L<DBD::SQLite>, are not thread-safe.
2510 Join #catalyst on irc.perl.org.
2514 http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst
2515 http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst-dev
2519 http://catalyst.perl.org
2523 http://dev.catalyst.perl.org
2527 =head2 L<Task::Catalyst> - All you need to start with Catalyst
2529 =head2 L<Catalyst::Manual> - The Catalyst Manual
2531 =head2 L<Catalyst::Component>, L<Catalyst::Base> - Base classes for components
2533 =head2 L<Catalyst::Engine> - Core engine
2535 =head2 L<Catalyst::Log> - Log class.
2537 =head2 L<Catalyst::Request> - Request object
2539 =head2 L<Catalyst::Response> - Response object
2541 =head2 L<Catalyst::Test> - The test suite.
2543 =head1 PROJECT FOUNDER
2545 sri: Sebastian Riedel <sri@cpan.org>
2551 acme: Leon Brocard <leon@astray.com>
2559 andyg: Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
2561 audreyt: Audrey Tang
2563 bricas: Brian Cassidy <bricas@cpan.org>
2565 Caelum: Rafael Kitover <rkitover@io.com>
2567 chansen: Christian Hansen
2569 chicks: Christopher Hicks
2573 dkubb: Dan Kubb <dan.kubb-cpan@onautopilot.com>
2577 esskar: Sascha Kiefer
2579 fireartist: Carl Franks <cfranks@cpan.org>
2581 gabb: Danijel Milicevic
2587 ilmari: Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker <ilmari@ilmari.org>
2589 jcamacho: Juan Camacho
2591 jhannah: Jay Hannah <jay@jays.net>
2597 jon: Jon Schutz <jjschutz@cpan.org>
2599 marcus: Marcus Ramberg <mramberg@cpan.org>
2601 miyagawa: Tatsuhiko Miyagawa <miyagawa@bulknews.net>
2603 mst: Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
2607 naughton: David Naughton
2609 ningu: David Kamholz <dkamholz@cpan.org>
2611 nothingmuch: Yuval Kogman <nothingmuch@woobling.org>
2613 numa: Dan Sully <daniel@cpan.org>
2617 omega: Andreas Marienborg
2619 Oleg Kostyuk <cub.uanic@gmail.com>
2621 phaylon: Robert Sedlacek <phaylon@dunkelheit.at>
2623 rafl: Florian Ragwitz <rafl@debian.org>
2627 the_jester: Jesse Sheidlower
2629 t0m: Tomas Doran <bobtfish@bobtfish.net>
2633 willert: Sebastian Willert <willert@cpan.org>
2637 This library is free software, you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
2638 the same terms as Perl itself.
2644 __PACKAGE__->meta->make_immutable;