4 use base 'Catalyst::Component';
6 use UNIVERSAL::require;
7 use Catalyst::Exception;
10 use Catalyst::Request::Upload;
11 use Catalyst::Response;
13 use Catalyst::Controller;
16 use Text::SimpleTable;
18 use Time::HiRes qw/gettimeofday tv_interval/;
20 use Scalar::Util qw/weaken/;
21 use Tree::Simple qw/use_weak_refs/;
22 use Tree::Simple::Visitor::FindByUID;
26 __PACKAGE__->mk_accessors(
27 qw/counter request response state action stack namespace/
30 attributes->import( __PACKAGE__, \&namespace, 'lvalue' );
32 sub depth { scalar @{ shift->stack || [] }; }
39 # For backwards compatibility
40 *finalize_output = \&finalize_body;
45 our $RECURSION = 1000;
46 our $DETACH = "catalyst_detach\n";
48 require Module::Pluggable::Fast;
50 # Helper script generation
51 our $CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN = 26;
53 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata($_)
54 for qw/components arguments dispatcher engine log dispatcher_class
55 engine_class context_class request_class response_class setup_finished/;
57 __PACKAGE__->dispatcher_class('Catalyst::Dispatcher');
58 __PACKAGE__->engine_class('Catalyst::Engine::CGI');
59 __PACKAGE__->request_class('Catalyst::Request');
60 __PACKAGE__->response_class('Catalyst::Response');
62 our $VERSION = '5.64';
65 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
67 # We have to limit $class to Catalyst to avoid pushing Catalyst upon every
69 return unless $class eq 'Catalyst';
71 my $caller = caller(0);
73 unless ( $caller->isa('Catalyst') ) {
75 push @{"$caller\::ISA"}, $class, 'Catalyst::Controller';
78 $caller->arguments( [@arguments] );
84 Catalyst - The Elegant MVC Web Application Framework
88 # use the helper to start a new application
91 # add models, views, controllers
92 script/myapp_create.pl model Database DBIC dbi:SQLite:/path/to/db
93 script/myapp_create.pl view TT TT
94 script/myapp_create.pl controller Search
96 # built in testserver -- use -r to restart automatically on changes
97 script/myapp_server.pl
99 # command line testing interface
100 script/myapp_test.pl /yada
103 use Catalyst qw/-Debug/; # include plugins here as well
105 sub foo : Global { # called for /foo, /foo/1, /foo/1/2, etc.
106 my ( $self, $c, @args ) = @_; # args are qw/1 2/ for /foo/1/2
107 $c->stash->{template} = 'foo.tt'; # set the template
108 # lookup something from db -- stash vars are passed to TT
110 MyApp::Model::Database::Foo->search( { country => $args[0] } );
111 if ( $c->req->params->{bar} ) { # access GET or POST parameters
112 $c->forward( 'bar' ); # process another action
113 # do something else after forward returns
117 # The foo.tt TT template can use the stash data from the database
118 [% WHILE (item = data.next) %]
122 # called for /bar/of/soap, /bar/of/soap/10, etc.
123 sub bar : Path('/bar/of/soap') { ... }
125 # called for all actions, from the top-most controller downwards
127 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
129 $c->res->redirect( '/login' ); # require login
130 return 0; # abort request and go immediately to end()
132 return 1; # success; carry on to next action
135 # called after all actions are finished
137 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
138 if ( scalar @{ $c->error } ) { ... } # handle errors
139 return if $c->res->body; # already have a response
140 $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' ); # render template
143 ### in MyApp/Controller/Foo.pm
144 # called for /foo/bar
145 sub bar : Local { ... }
147 # called for /blargle
148 sub blargle : Global { ... }
150 # an index action matches /foo, but not /foo/1, etc.
151 sub index : Private { ... }
153 ### in MyApp/Controller/Foo/Bar.pm
154 # called for /foo/bar/baz
155 sub baz : Local { ... }
157 # first MyApp auto is called, then Foo auto, then this
158 sub auto : Private { ... }
160 # powerful regular expression paths are also possible
161 sub details : Regex('^product/(\w+)/details$') {
162 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
163 # extract the (\w+) from the URI
164 my $product = $c->req->snippets->[0];
167 See L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro> for additional information.
171 The key concept of Catalyst is DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself).
173 See L<Catalyst::Manual> for more documentation.
175 Catalyst plugins can be loaded by naming them as arguments to the "use
176 Catalyst" statement. Omit the C<Catalyst::Plugin::> prefix from the
177 plugin name, i.e., C<Catalyst::Plugin::My::Module> becomes
180 use Catalyst qw/My::Module/;
182 Special flags like C<-Debug> and C<-Engine> can also be specified as
183 arguments when Catalyst is loaded:
185 use Catalyst qw/-Debug My::Module/;
187 The position of plugins and flags in the chain is important, because
188 they are loaded in exactly the order in which they appear.
190 The following flags are supported:
194 Enables debug output.
198 Forces Catalyst to use a specific engine. Omit the
199 C<Catalyst::Engine::> prefix of the engine name, i.e.:
201 use Catalyst qw/-Engine=CGI/;
205 Forces Catalyst to use a specific home directory, e.g.:
207 use Catalyst qw[-Home=/usr/sri];
215 =head2 Information about the current request
219 Returns a L<Catalyst::Action> object for the current action, which
220 stringifies to the action name. See L<Catalyst::Action>.
224 Returns the namespace of the current action, i.e., the uri prefix
225 corresponding to the controller of the current action. For example:
227 # in Controller::Foo::Bar
228 $c->namespace; # returns 'foo/bar';
234 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Request> object. See
235 L<Catalyst::Request>.
237 =head2 Processing and response to the current request
239 =head2 $c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )
241 =head2 $c->forward( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
243 Forwards processing to a private action. If you give a class name but no
244 method, C<process()> is called. You may also optionally pass arguments
245 in an arrayref. The action will receive the arguments in C<@_> and
246 C<$c-E<gt>req-E<gt>args>. Upon returning from the function,
247 C<$c-E<gt>req-E<gt>args> will be restored to the previous values.
249 Any data C<return>ed from the action forwarded to, will be returned by the
252 my $foodata = $c->forward('/foo');
253 $c->forward('index');
254 $c->forward(qw/MyApp::Model::CDBI::Foo do_stuff/);
255 $c->forward('MyApp::View::TT');
259 sub forward { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->forward( $c, @_ ) }
261 =head2 $c->detach( $action [, \@arguments ] )
263 =head2 $c->detach( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
265 The same as C<forward>, but doesn't return.
269 sub detach { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->detach( $c, @_ ) }
273 =head2 $c->error($error, ...)
275 =head2 $c->error($arrayref)
277 Returns an arrayref containing error messages. If Catalyst encounters an
278 error while processing a request, it stores the error in $c->error. This
279 method should not be used to store non-fatal error messages.
281 my @error = @{ $c->error };
285 $c->error('Something bad happened');
287 Clear errors. You probably don't want to clear the errors unless you are
288 implementing a custom error screen.
297 my $error = ref $_[0] eq 'ARRAY' ? $_[0] : [@_];
298 push @{ $c->{error} }, @$error;
300 elsif ( defined $_[0] ) { $c->{error} = undef }
301 return $c->{error} || [];
308 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Response> object.
312 Returns a hashref to the stash, which may be used to store data and pass
313 it between components during a request. You can also set hash keys by
314 passing arguments. The stash is automatically sent to the view. The
315 stash is cleared at the end of a request; it cannot be used for
318 $c->stash->{foo} = $bar;
319 $c->stash( { moose => 'majestic', qux => 0 } );
320 $c->stash( bar => 1, gorch => 2 ); # equivalent to passing a hashref
322 # stash is automatically passed to the view for use in a template
323 $c->forward( 'MyApp::V::TT' );
330 my $stash = @_ > 1 ? {@_} : $_[0];
331 while ( my ( $key, $val ) = each %$stash ) {
332 $c->{stash}->{$key} = $val;
340 Contains the return value of the last executed action.
342 =head2 Component Accessors
344 =head2 $c->comp($name)
346 =head2 $c->component($name)
348 Gets a component object by name. This method is no longer recommended,
349 unless you want to get a specific component by full
350 class. C<$c-E<gt>controller>, C<$c-E<gt>model>, and C<$c-E<gt>view>
351 should be used instead.
362 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
365 $name, "${appclass}::${name}",
366 map { "${appclass}::${_}::${name}" }
367 qw/Model M Controller C View V/
370 foreach my $try (@names) {
372 if ( exists $c->components->{$try} ) {
374 my $comp = $c->components->{$try};
375 if ( eval { $comp->can('ACCEPT_CONTEXT'); } ) {
376 return $comp->ACCEPT_CONTEXT($c);
378 else { return $comp }
382 foreach my $component ( keys %{ $c->components } ) {
384 $comp = $c->components->{$component} if $component =~ /$name/i;
386 if ( ref $comp && $comp->can('ACCEPT_CONTEXT') ) {
387 return $comp->ACCEPT_CONTEXT($c);
389 else { return $comp }
395 return sort keys %{ $c->components };
398 =head2 $c->controller($name)
400 Gets a L<Catalyst::Controller> instance by name.
402 $c->controller('Foo')->do_stuff;
407 my ( $c, $name ) = @_;
408 my $controller = $c->comp("Controller::$name");
409 return $controller if defined $controller;
410 return $c->comp("C::$name");
413 =head2 $c->model($name)
415 Gets a L<Catalyst::Model> instance by name.
417 $c->model('Foo')->do_stuff;
422 my ( $c, $name ) = @_;
423 my $model = $c->comp("Model::$name");
424 return $model if defined $model;
425 return $c->comp("M::$name");
428 =head2 $c->view($name)
430 Gets a L<Catalyst::View> instance by name.
432 $c->view('Foo')->do_stuff;
437 my ( $c, $name ) = @_;
438 my $view = $c->comp("View::$name");
439 return $view if defined $view;
440 return $c->comp("V::$name");
443 =head2 Class data and helper classes
447 Returns or takes a hashref containing the application's configuration.
449 __PACKAGE__->config( { db => 'dsn:SQLite:foo.db' } );
451 You can also use a L<YAML> config file like myapp.yml in your
452 applications home directory.
455 db: dsn:SQLite:foo.db
462 $c->log->warn("Setting config after setup has been run is not a good idea.")
463 if ( @_ and $c->setup_finished );
465 $c->NEXT::config(@_);
470 Overload to enable debug messages (same as -Debug option).
476 =head2 $c->dispatcher
478 Returns the dispatcher instance. Stringifies to class name. See
479 L<Catalyst::Dispatcher>.
483 Returns the engine instance. Stringifies to the class name. See
488 Returns the logging object instance. Unless it is already set, Catalyst sets
489 this up with a L<Catalyst::Log> object. To use your own log class, set the
490 logger with the C<< __PACKAGE__->log >> method prior to calling
491 C<< __PACKAGE__->setup >>.
493 __PACKAGE__->log( MyLogger->new );
498 $c->log->info( 'Now logging with my own logger!' );
500 Your log class should implement the methods described in the
501 L<Catalyst::Log> man page.
505 =head2 Utility methods
507 =head2 $c->path_to(@path)
509 Merges C<@path> with C<$c-E<gt>config-E<gt>{home}> and returns a
510 L<Path::Class> object.
514 $c->path_to( 'db', 'sqlite.db' );
519 my ( $c, @path ) = @_;
520 my $path = dir( $c->config->{home}, @path );
521 if ( -d $path ) { return $path }
522 else { return file( $c->config->{home}, @path ) }
525 =head2 $c->plugin( $name, $class, @args )
527 Helper method for plugins. It creates a classdata accessor/mutator and
528 loads and instantiates the given class.
530 MyApp->plugin( 'prototype', 'HTML::Prototype' );
532 $c->prototype->define_javascript_functions;
537 my ( $class, $name, $plugin, @args ) = @_;
540 if ( my $error = $UNIVERSAL::require::ERROR ) {
541 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
542 message => qq/Couldn't load instant plugin "$plugin", "$error"/ );
545 eval { $plugin->import };
546 $class->mk_classdata($name);
548 eval { $obj = $plugin->new(@args) };
551 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
552 qq/Couldn't instantiate instant plugin "$plugin", "$@"/ );
556 $class->log->debug(qq/Initialized instant plugin "$plugin" as "$name"/)
562 Initializes the dispatcher and engine, loads any plugins, and loads the
563 model, view, and controller components. You may also specify an array
564 of plugins to load here, if you choose to not load them in the C<use
568 MyApp->setup( qw/-Debug/ );
573 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
575 unless ( $class->isa('Catalyst') ) {
577 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
578 message => qq/'$class' does not inherit from Catalyst/ );
581 if ( $class->arguments ) {
582 @arguments = ( @arguments, @{ $class->arguments } );
588 foreach (@arguments) {
592 ( $flags->{log} ) ? 'debug,' . $flags->{log} : 'debug';
594 elsif (/^-(\w+)=?(.*)$/) {
595 $flags->{ lc $1 } = $2;
598 push @{ $flags->{plugins} }, $_;
602 $class->setup_home( delete $flags->{home} );
604 # YAML config support
605 my $confpath = $class->config->{file}
607 ( Catalyst::Utils::appprefix( ref $class || $class ) . '.yml' ) );
609 $conf = YAML::LoadFile($confpath) if -f $confpath;
610 my $oldconf = $class->config;
611 $class->config( { %$oldconf, %$conf } );
613 $class->setup_log( delete $flags->{log} );
614 $class->setup_plugins( delete $flags->{plugins} );
615 $class->setup_dispatcher( delete $flags->{dispatcher} );
616 $class->setup_engine( delete $flags->{engine} );
618 for my $flag ( sort keys %{$flags} ) {
620 if ( my $code = $class->can( 'setup_' . $flag ) ) {
621 &$code( $class, delete $flags->{$flag} );
624 $class->log->warn(qq/Unknown flag "$flag"/);
629 <<"EOF") if ( $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} && ( $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} < $Catalyst::CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN ) );
630 You are running an old script!
632 Please update by running (this will overwrite existing files):
633 catalyst.pl -force -scripts $class
635 or (this will not overwrite existing files):
636 catalyst.pl -scripts $class
639 if ( $class->debug ) {
646 map { $_ . ' ' . ( $_->VERSION || '' ) }
647 grep { /^Catalyst::Plugin/ } @{"$class\::ISA"};
651 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new(76);
652 $t->row($_) for @plugins;
653 $class->log->debug( "Loaded plugins:\n" . $t->draw );
656 my $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher;
657 my $engine = $class->engine;
658 my $home = $class->config->{home};
660 $class->log->debug(qq/Loaded dispatcher "$dispatcher"/);
661 $class->log->debug(qq/Loaded engine "$engine"/);
665 ? $class->log->debug(qq/Found home "$home"/)
666 : $class->log->debug(qq/Home "$home" doesn't exist/)
667 : $class->log->debug(q/Couldn't find home/);
672 no warnings qw/redefine/;
673 local *setup = sub { };
677 # Initialize our data structure
678 $class->components( {} );
680 $class->setup_components;
682 if ( $class->debug ) {
683 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 65, 'Class' ], [ 8, 'Type' ] );
684 for my $comp ( sort keys %{ $class->components } ) {
685 my $type = ref $class->components->{$comp} ? 'instance' : 'class';
686 $t->row( $comp, $type );
688 $class->log->debug( "Loaded components:\n" . $t->draw )
689 if ( keys %{ $class->components } );
692 # Add our self to components, since we are also a component
693 $class->components->{$class} = $class;
695 $class->setup_actions;
697 if ( $class->debug ) {
698 my $name = $class->config->{name} || 'Application';
699 $class->log->info("$name powered by Catalyst $Catalyst::VERSION");
701 $class->log->_flush() if $class->log->can('_flush');
703 $class->setup_finished(1);
706 =head2 $c->uri_for( $path, [ @args ] )
708 Merges path with C<$c-E<gt>request-E<gt>base> for absolute uri's and
709 with C<$c-E<gt>namespace> for relative uri's, then returns a
710 normalized L<URI> object. If any args are passed, they are added at the
716 my ( $c, $path, @args ) = @_;
717 my $base = $c->request->base->clone;
718 my $basepath = $base->path;
719 $basepath =~ s/\/$//;
721 my $namespace = $c->namespace;
723 # massage namespace, empty if absolute path
724 $namespace =~ s/^\///;
725 $namespace .= '/' if $namespace;
727 $namespace = '' if $path =~ /^\//;
730 # join args with '/', or a blank string
731 my $args = ( scalar @args ? '/' . join( '/', @args ) : '' );
732 $args =~ s/^\/// unless $path;
734 URI->new_abs( URI->new_abs( "$path$args", "$basepath$namespace" ), $base )
739 =head2 $c->welcome_message
741 Returns the Catalyst welcome HTML page.
745 sub welcome_message {
747 my $name = $c->config->{name};
748 my $logo = $c->uri_for('/static/images/catalyst_logo.png');
749 my $prefix = Catalyst::Utils::appprefix( ref $c );
750 $c->response->content_type('text/html; charset=utf-8');
752 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
753 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
754 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
756 <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en" />
757 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
758 <title>$name on Catalyst $VERSION</title>
759 <style type="text/css">
762 background-color: #eee;
771 background-color: #ccc;
772 border: 1px solid #aaa;
773 -moz-border-radius: 10px;
778 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
781 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
784 text-decoration: none;
786 border-bottom: 1px dotted #bbb;
788 :link:hover, :visited:hover {
801 background-color: #fff;
802 border: 1px solid #aaa;
803 -moz-border-radius: 10px;
829 <h1><span id="appname">$name</span> on <a href="http://catalyst.perl.org">Catalyst</a>
834 <img src="$logo" alt="Catalyst Logo" />
836 <p>Welcome to the wonderful world of Catalyst.
837 This <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MVC">MVC</a>
838 framework will make web development something you had
839 never expected it to be: Fun, rewarding, and quick.</p>
840 <h2>What to do now?</h2>
841 <p>That really depends on what <b>you</b> want to do.
842 We do, however, provide you with a few starting points.</p>
843 <p>If you want to jump right into web development with Catalyst
844 you might want to check out the documentation.</p>
845 <pre><code>perldoc <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/dist/Catalyst/lib/Catalyst/Manual/Intro.pod">Catalyst::Manual::Intro</a>
846 perldoc <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/dist/Catalyst/lib/Catalyst/Manual/Tutorial.pod">Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial</a></code>
847 perldoc <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/dist/Catalyst/lib/Catalyst/Manual.pod">Catalyst::Manual</a></code></pre>
848 <h2>What to do next?</h2>
849 <p>Next it's time to write an actual application. Use the
850 helper scripts to generate <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AController%3A%3A&mode=all">controllers</a>,
851 <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AModel%3A%3A&mode=all">models</a>, and
852 <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AView%3A%3A&mode=all">views</a>;
853 they can save you a lot of work.</p>
854 <pre><code>script/${prefix}_create.pl -help</code></pre>
855 <p>Also, be sure to check out the vast and growing
856 collection of <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3APlugin%3A%3A&mode=all">plugins for Catalyst on CPAN</a>;
857 you are likely to find what you need there.
861 <p>Catalyst has a very active community. Here are the main places to
862 get in touch with us.</p>
865 <a href="http://dev.catalyst.perl.org">Wiki</a>
868 <a href="http://lists.rawmode.org/mailman/listinfo/catalyst">Mailing-List</a>
871 <a href="irc://irc.perl.org/catalyst">IRC channel #catalyst on irc.perl.org</a>
874 <h2>In conclusion</h2>
875 <p>The Catalyst team hopes you will enjoy using Catalyst as much
876 as we enjoyed making it. Please contact us if you have ideas
877 for improvement or other feedback.</p>
885 =head1 INTERNAL METHODS
887 These methods are not meant to be used by end users.
889 =head2 $c->components
891 Returns a hash of components.
893 =head2 $c->context_class
895 Returns or sets the context class.
899 Returns a hashref containing coderefs and execution counts (needed for
900 deep recursion detection).
904 Returns the number of actions on the current internal execution stack.
908 Dispatches a request to actions.
912 sub dispatch { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->dispatch( $c, @_ ) }
914 =head2 $c->dispatcher_class
916 Returns or sets the dispatcher class.
918 =head2 $c->dump_these
920 Returns a list of 2-element array references (name, structure) pairs
921 that will be dumped on the error page in debug mode.
927 [ Request => $c->req ], [ Response => $c->res ], [ Stash => $c->stash ],;
930 =head2 $c->engine_class
932 Returns or sets the engine class.
934 =head2 $c->execute( $class, $coderef )
936 Execute a coderef in given class and catch exceptions. Errors are available
942 my ( $c, $class, $code ) = @_;
943 $class = $c->component($class) || $class;
947 my $action = "$code";
948 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /\-\>/;
949 $c->counter->{"$code"}++;
951 if ( $c->counter->{"$code"} > $RECURSION ) {
952 my $error = qq/Deep recursion detected in "$action"/;
953 $c->log->error($error);
959 # determine if the call was the result of a forward
960 # this is done by walking up the call stack and looking for a calling
961 # sub of Catalyst::forward before the eval
963 for my $index ( 1 .. 10 ) {
965 if ( ( caller($index) )[0] eq 'Catalyst'
966 && ( caller($index) )[3] eq '(eval)' );
968 if ( ( caller($index) )[3] =~ /forward$/ ) {
969 $callsub = ( caller($index) )[3];
970 $action = "-> $action";
975 my $node = Tree::Simple->new(
978 elapsed => undef, # to be filled in later
981 $node->setUID( "$code" . $c->counter->{"$code"} );
983 unless ( ( $code->name =~ /^_.*/ )
984 && ( !$c->config->{show_internal_actions} ) )
987 # is this a root-level call or a forwarded call?
988 if ( $callsub =~ /forward$/ ) {
990 # forward, locate the caller
991 if ( my $parent = $c->stack->[-1] ) {
992 my $visitor = Tree::Simple::Visitor::FindByUID->new;
993 $visitor->searchForUID(
994 "$parent" . $c->counter->{"$parent"} );
995 $c->{stats}->accept($visitor);
996 if ( my $result = $visitor->getResult ) {
997 $result->addChild($node);
1002 # forward with no caller may come from a plugin
1003 $c->{stats}->addChild($node);
1009 $c->{stats}->addChild($node);
1014 push( @{ $c->stack }, $code );
1017 $start = [gettimeofday] if $c->debug;
1018 eval { $c->state( &$code( $class, $c, @{ $c->req->args } ) || 0 ) };
1019 $elapsed = tv_interval($start) if $c->debug;
1022 unless ( ( $code->name =~ /^_.*/ )
1023 && ( !$c->config->{show_internal_actions} ) )
1026 # FindByUID uses an internal die, so we save the existing error
1029 # locate the node in the tree and update the elapsed time
1030 my $visitor = Tree::Simple::Visitor::FindByUID->new;
1031 $visitor->searchForUID( "$code" . $c->counter->{"$code"} );
1032 $c->{stats}->accept($visitor);
1033 if ( my $result = $visitor->getResult ) {
1034 my $value = $result->getNodeValue;
1035 $value->{elapsed} = sprintf( '%fs', $elapsed );
1036 $result->setNodeValue($value);
1040 $@ = $error || undef;
1043 my $last = ${ $c->stack }[-1];
1044 pop( @{ $c->stack } );
1046 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1047 if ( $error eq $DETACH ) { die $DETACH if $c->depth > 1 }
1049 unless ( ref $error ) {
1051 my $class = $last->class;
1052 my $name = $last->name;
1053 $error = qq/Caught exception in $class->$name "$error"/;
1064 Finalizes the request.
1071 for my $error ( @{ $c->error } ) {
1072 $c->log->error($error);
1075 $c->finalize_uploads;
1078 if ( $#{ $c->error } >= 0 ) {
1082 $c->finalize_headers;
1085 if ( $c->request->method eq 'HEAD' ) {
1086 $c->response->body('');
1091 return $c->response->status;
1094 =head2 $c->finalize_body
1100 sub finalize_body { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_body( $c, @_ ) }
1102 =head2 $c->finalize_cookies
1108 sub finalize_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_cookies( $c, @_ ) }
1110 =head2 $c->finalize_error
1116 sub finalize_error { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_error( $c, @_ ) }
1118 =head2 $c->finalize_headers
1124 sub finalize_headers {
1127 # Check if we already finalized headers
1128 return if $c->response->{_finalized_headers};
1131 if ( my $location = $c->response->redirect ) {
1132 $c->log->debug(qq/Redirecting to "$location"/) if $c->debug;
1133 $c->response->header( Location => $location );
1137 if ( $c->response->body && !$c->response->content_length ) {
1139 # get the length from a filehandle
1140 if ( ref $c->response->body && $c->response->body->can('read') ) {
1141 if ( my $stat = stat $c->response->body ) {
1142 $c->response->content_length( $stat->size );
1145 $c->log->warn('Serving filehandle without a content-length');
1149 $c->response->content_length( bytes::length( $c->response->body ) );
1154 if ( $c->response->status =~ /^(1\d\d|[23]04)$/ ) {
1155 $c->response->headers->remove_header("Content-Length");
1156 $c->response->body('');
1159 $c->finalize_cookies;
1161 $c->engine->finalize_headers( $c, @_ );
1164 $c->response->{_finalized_headers} = 1;
1167 =head2 $c->finalize_output
1169 An alias for finalize_body.
1171 =head2 $c->finalize_read
1173 Finalizes the input after reading is complete.
1177 sub finalize_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_read( $c, @_ ) }
1179 =head2 $c->finalize_uploads
1181 Finalizes uploads. Cleans up any temporary files.
1185 sub finalize_uploads { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_uploads( $c, @_ ) }
1187 =head2 $c->get_action( $action, $namespace )
1189 Gets an action in a given namespace.
1193 sub get_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_action(@_) }
1195 =head2 $c->get_actions( $action, $namespace )
1197 Gets all actions of a given name in a namespace and all parent
1202 sub get_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_actions( $c, @_ ) }
1204 =head2 handle_request( $class, @arguments )
1206 Called to handle each HTTP request.
1210 sub handle_request {
1211 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
1213 # Always expect worst case!
1216 my $stats = ( $class->debug ) ? Tree::Simple->new: q{};
1219 my $c = $class->prepare(@arguments);
1220 $c->{stats} = $stats;
1222 return $c->finalize;
1225 if ( $class->debug ) {
1226 my $start = [gettimeofday];
1227 $status = &$handler;
1228 my $elapsed = tv_interval $start;
1229 $elapsed = sprintf '%f', $elapsed;
1230 my $av = sprintf '%.3f',
1231 ( $elapsed == 0 ? '??' : ( 1 / $elapsed ) );
1232 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 64, 'Action' ], [ 9, 'Time' ] );
1237 my $stat = $action->getNodeValue;
1238 $t->row( ( q{ } x $action->getDepth ) . $stat->{action},
1239 $stat->{elapsed} || '??' );
1244 "Request took ${elapsed}s ($av/s)\n" . $t->draw );
1246 else { $status = &$handler }
1250 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1252 $class->log->error(qq/Caught exception in engine "$error"/);
1256 $class->log->_flush() if $class->log->can('_flush');
1260 =head2 $c->prepare( @arguments )
1262 Creates a Catalyst context from an engine-specific request (Apache, CGI,
1268 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
1270 $class->context_class( ref $class || $class ) unless $class->context_class;
1271 my $c = $class->context_class->new(
1275 request => $class->request_class->new(
1278 body_parameters => {},
1280 headers => HTTP::Headers->new,
1282 query_parameters => {},
1288 response => $class->response_class->new(
1292 headers => HTTP::Headers->new(),
1301 # For on-demand data
1302 $c->request->{_context} = $c;
1303 $c->response->{_context} = $c;
1304 weaken( $c->request->{_context} );
1305 weaken( $c->response->{_context} );
1308 my $secs = time - $START || 1;
1309 my $av = sprintf '%.3f', $COUNT / $secs;
1310 $c->log->debug('**********************************');
1311 $c->log->debug("* Request $COUNT ($av/s) [$$]");
1312 $c->log->debug('**********************************');
1313 $c->res->headers->header( 'X-Catalyst' => $Catalyst::VERSION );
1316 $c->prepare_request(@arguments);
1317 $c->prepare_connection;
1318 $c->prepare_query_parameters;
1319 $c->prepare_headers;
1320 $c->prepare_cookies;
1324 $c->prepare_body unless $c->config->{parse_on_demand};
1326 my $method = $c->req->method || '';
1327 my $path = $c->req->path || '';
1328 my $address = $c->req->address || '';
1330 $c->log->debug(qq/"$method" request for "$path" from "$address"/)
1338 =head2 $c->prepare_action
1344 sub prepare_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->prepare_action( $c, @_ ) }
1346 =head2 $c->prepare_body
1348 Prepares message body.
1355 # Do we run for the first time?
1356 return if defined $c->request->{_body};
1358 # Initialize on-demand data
1359 $c->engine->prepare_body( $c, @_ );
1360 $c->prepare_parameters;
1361 $c->prepare_uploads;
1363 if ( $c->debug && keys %{ $c->req->body_parameters } ) {
1364 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 37, 'Key' ], [ 36, 'Value' ] );
1365 for my $key ( sort keys %{ $c->req->body_parameters } ) {
1366 my $param = $c->req->body_parameters->{$key};
1367 my $value = defined($param) ? $param : '';
1369 ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ? ( join ', ', @$value ) : $value );
1371 $c->log->debug( "Body Parameters are:\n" . $t->draw );
1375 =head2 $c->prepare_body_chunk( $chunk )
1377 Prepares a chunk of data before sending it to L<HTTP::Body>.
1381 sub prepare_body_chunk {
1383 $c->engine->prepare_body_chunk( $c, @_ );
1386 =head2 $c->prepare_body_parameters
1388 Prepares body parameters.
1392 sub prepare_body_parameters {
1394 $c->engine->prepare_body_parameters( $c, @_ );
1397 =head2 $c->prepare_connection
1399 Prepares connection.
1403 sub prepare_connection {
1405 $c->engine->prepare_connection( $c, @_ );
1408 =head2 $c->prepare_cookies
1414 sub prepare_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_cookies( $c, @_ ) }
1416 =head2 $c->prepare_headers
1422 sub prepare_headers { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_headers( $c, @_ ) }
1424 =head2 $c->prepare_parameters
1426 Prepares parameters.
1430 sub prepare_parameters {
1432 $c->prepare_body_parameters;
1433 $c->engine->prepare_parameters( $c, @_ );
1436 =head2 $c->prepare_path
1438 Prepares path and base.
1442 sub prepare_path { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_path( $c, @_ ) }
1444 =head2 $c->prepare_query_parameters
1446 Prepares query parameters.
1450 sub prepare_query_parameters {
1453 $c->engine->prepare_query_parameters( $c, @_ );
1455 if ( $c->debug && keys %{ $c->request->query_parameters } ) {
1456 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 37, 'Key' ], [ 36, 'Value' ] );
1457 for my $key ( sort keys %{ $c->req->query_parameters } ) {
1458 my $param = $c->req->query_parameters->{$key};
1459 my $value = defined($param) ? $param : '';
1461 ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ? ( join ', ', @$value ) : $value );
1463 $c->log->debug( "Query Parameters are:\n" . $t->draw );
1467 =head2 $c->prepare_read
1469 Prepares the input for reading.
1473 sub prepare_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_read( $c, @_ ) }
1475 =head2 $c->prepare_request
1477 Prepares the engine request.
1481 sub prepare_request { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_request( $c, @_ ) }
1483 =head2 $c->prepare_uploads
1489 sub prepare_uploads {
1492 $c->engine->prepare_uploads( $c, @_ );
1494 if ( $c->debug && keys %{ $c->request->uploads } ) {
1495 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new(
1501 for my $key ( sort keys %{ $c->request->uploads } ) {
1502 my $upload = $c->request->uploads->{$key};
1503 for my $u ( ref $upload eq 'ARRAY' ? @{$upload} : ($upload) ) {
1504 $t->row( $key, $u->filename, $u->type, $u->size );
1507 $c->log->debug( "File Uploads are:\n" . $t->draw );
1511 =head2 $c->prepare_write
1513 Prepares the output for writing.
1517 sub prepare_write { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_write( $c, @_ ) }
1519 =head2 $c->request_class
1521 Returns or sets the request class.
1523 =head2 $c->response_class
1525 Returns or sets the response class.
1527 =head2 $c->read( [$maxlength] )
1529 Reads a chunk of data from the request body. This method is designed to
1530 be used in a while loop, reading C<$maxlength> bytes on every call.
1531 C<$maxlength> defaults to the size of the request if not specified.
1533 You have to set C<MyApp-E<gt>config-E<gt>{parse_on_demand}> to use this
1538 sub read { my $c = shift; return $c->engine->read( $c, @_ ) }
1546 sub run { my $c = shift; return $c->engine->run( $c, @_ ) }
1548 =head2 $c->set_action( $action, $code, $namespace, $attrs )
1550 Sets an action in a given namespace.
1554 sub set_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->set_action( $c, @_ ) }
1556 =head2 $c->setup_actions($component)
1558 Sets up actions for a component.
1562 sub setup_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->setup_actions( $c, @_ ) }
1564 =head2 $c->setup_components
1570 sub setup_components {
1573 my $callback = sub {
1574 my ( $component, $context ) = @_;
1576 unless ( $component->can('COMPONENT') ) {
1580 my $suffix = Catalyst::Utils::class2classsuffix($component);
1581 my $config = $class->config->{$suffix} || {};
1585 eval { $instance = $component->COMPONENT( $context, $config ); };
1587 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1591 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
1592 qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", "$error"/ );
1595 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
1596 qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", "COMPONENT() didn't return a object"/
1598 unless ref $instance;
1602 eval "package $class;\n" . q!Module::Pluggable::Fast->import(
1603 name => '_catalyst_components',
1605 "$class\::Controller", "$class\::C",
1606 "$class\::Model", "$class\::M",
1607 "$class\::View", "$class\::V"
1609 callback => $callback
1613 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1617 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
1618 message => qq/Couldn't load components "$error"/ );
1621 for my $component ( $class->_catalyst_components($class) ) {
1622 $class->components->{ ref $component || $component } = $component;
1626 =head2 $c->setup_dispatcher
1632 sub setup_dispatcher {
1633 my ( $class, $dispatcher ) = @_;
1636 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $dispatcher;
1639 if ( $ENV{CATALYST_DISPATCHER} ) {
1640 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $ENV{CATALYST_DISPATCHER};
1643 if ( $ENV{ uc($class) . '_DISPATCHER' } ) {
1645 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $ENV{ uc($class) . '_DISPATCHER' };
1648 unless ($dispatcher) {
1649 $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher_class;
1652 $dispatcher->require;
1655 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
1656 message => qq/Couldn't load dispatcher "$dispatcher", "$@"/ );
1659 # dispatcher instance
1660 $class->dispatcher( $dispatcher->new );
1663 =head2 $c->setup_engine
1670 my ( $class, $engine ) = @_;
1673 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::' . $engine;
1676 if ( $ENV{CATALYST_ENGINE} ) {
1677 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::' . $ENV{CATALYST_ENGINE};
1680 if ( $ENV{ uc($class) . '_ENGINE' } ) {
1681 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::' . $ENV{ uc($class) . '_ENGINE' };
1684 if ( $ENV{MOD_PERL} ) {
1686 # create the apache method
1689 *{"$class\::apache"} = sub { shift->engine->apache };
1692 my ( $software, $version ) =
1693 $ENV{MOD_PERL} =~ /^(\S+)\/(\d+(?:[\.\_]\d+)+)/;
1696 $version =~ s/(\.[^.]+)\./$1/g;
1698 if ( $software eq 'mod_perl' ) {
1702 if ( $version >= 1.99922 ) {
1703 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Apache2::MP20';
1706 elsif ( $version >= 1.9901 ) {
1707 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Apache2::MP19';
1710 elsif ( $version >= 1.24 ) {
1711 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Apache::MP13';
1715 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
1716 qq/Unsupported mod_perl version: $ENV{MOD_PERL}/ );
1721 # install the correct mod_perl handler
1722 if ( $version >= 1.9901 ) {
1723 *handler = sub : method {
1724 shift->handle_request(@_);
1728 *handler = sub ($$) { shift->handle_request(@_) };
1733 elsif ( $software eq 'Zeus-Perl' ) {
1734 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Zeus';
1738 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
1739 message => qq/Unsupported mod_perl: $ENV{MOD_PERL}/ );
1744 $engine = $class->engine_class;
1750 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
1751 qq/Couldn't load engine "$engine" (maybe you forgot to install it?), "$@"/
1755 # check for old engines that are no longer compatible
1757 if ( $engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Apache')
1758 && !Catalyst::Engine::Apache->VERSION )
1763 elsif ( $engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Server::Base')
1764 && Catalyst::Engine::Server->VERSION le '0.02' )
1769 elsif ($engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::HTTP::POE')
1770 && $engine->VERSION eq '0.01' )
1775 elsif ($engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Zeus')
1776 && $engine->VERSION eq '0.01' )
1782 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
1783 qq/Engine "$engine" is not supported by this version of Catalyst/
1788 $class->engine( $engine->new );
1791 =head2 $c->setup_home
1793 Sets up the home directory.
1798 my ( $class, $home ) = @_;
1800 if ( $ENV{CATALYST_HOME} ) {
1801 $home = $ENV{CATALYST_HOME};
1804 if ( $ENV{ uc($class) . '_HOME' } ) {
1805 $home = $ENV{ uc($class) . '_HOME' };
1809 $home = Catalyst::Utils::home($class);
1813 $class->config->{home} ||= $home;
1814 $class->config->{root} ||= dir($home)->subdir('root');
1818 =head2 $c->setup_log
1825 my ( $class, $debug ) = @_;
1827 unless ( $class->log ) {
1828 $class->log( Catalyst::Log->new );
1831 my $app_flag = Catalyst::Utils::class2env($class) . '_DEBUG';
1834 ( defined( $ENV{CATALYST_DEBUG} ) || defined( $ENV{$app_flag} ) )
1835 ? ( $ENV{CATALYST_DEBUG} || $ENV{$app_flag} )
1840 *{"$class\::debug"} = sub { 1 };
1841 $class->log->debug('Debug messages enabled');
1845 =head2 $c->setup_plugins
1852 my ( $class, $plugins ) = @_;
1855 for my $plugin ( reverse @$plugins ) {
1857 $plugin = "Catalyst::Plugin::$plugin";
1862 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
1863 message => qq/Couldn't load plugin "$plugin", "$@"/ );
1868 unshift @{"$class\::ISA"}, $plugin;
1877 =head2 $c->write( $data )
1879 Writes $data to the output stream. When using this method directly, you
1880 will need to manually set the C<Content-Length> header to the length of
1881 your output data, if known.
1888 # Finalize headers if someone manually writes output
1889 $c->finalize_headers;
1891 return $c->engine->write( $c, @_ );
1896 Returns the Catalyst version number. Mostly useful for "powered by"
1897 messages in template systems.
1901 sub version { return $Catalyst::VERSION }
1903 =head1 INTERNAL ACTIONS
1905 Catalyst uses internal actions like C<_DISPATCH>, C<_BEGIN>, C<_AUTO>,
1906 C<_ACTION>, and C<_END>. These are by default not shown in the private
1907 action table, but you can make them visible with a config parameter.
1909 MyApp->config->{show_internal_actions} = 1;
1911 =head1 CASE SENSITIVITY
1913 By default Catalyst is not case sensitive, so C<MyApp::C::FOO::Bar> is
1914 mapped to C</foo/bar>. You can activate case sensitivity with a config
1917 MyApp->config->{case_sensitive} = 1;
1919 This causes C<MyApp::C::Foo::Bar> to map to C</Foo/Bar>.
1921 =head1 ON-DEMAND PARSER
1923 The request body is usually parsed at the beginning of a request,
1924 but if you want to handle input yourself or speed things up a bit,
1925 you can enable on-demand parsing with a config parameter.
1927 MyApp->config->{parse_on_demand} = 1;
1929 =head1 PROXY SUPPORT
1931 Many production servers operate using the common double-server approach,
1932 with a lightweight frontend web server passing requests to a larger
1933 backend server. An application running on the backend server must deal
1934 with two problems: the remote user always appears to be C<127.0.0.1> and
1935 the server's hostname will appear to be C<localhost> regardless of the
1936 virtual host that the user connected through.
1938 Catalyst will automatically detect this situation when you are running
1939 the frontend and backend servers on the same machine. The following
1940 changes are made to the request.
1942 $c->req->address is set to the user's real IP address, as read from
1943 the HTTP X-Forwarded-For header.
1945 The host value for $c->req->base and $c->req->uri is set to the real
1946 host, as read from the HTTP X-Forwarded-Host header.
1948 Obviously, your web server must support these headers for this to work.
1950 In a more complex server farm environment where you may have your
1951 frontend proxy server(s) on different machines, you will need to set a
1952 configuration option to tell Catalyst to read the proxied data from the
1955 MyApp->config->{using_frontend_proxy} = 1;
1957 If you do not wish to use the proxy support at all, you may set:
1959 MyApp->config->{ignore_frontend_proxy} = 1;
1961 =head1 THREAD SAFETY
1963 Catalyst has been tested under Apache 2's threading mpm_worker, mpm_winnt,
1964 and the standalone forking HTTP server on Windows. We believe the Catalyst
1965 core to be thread-safe.
1967 If you plan to operate in a threaded environment, remember that all other
1968 modules you are using must also be thread-safe. Some modules, most notably
1969 L<DBD::SQLite>, are not thread-safe.
1975 Join #catalyst on irc.perl.org.
1979 http://lists.rawmode.org/mailman/listinfo/catalyst
1980 http://lists.rawmode.org/mailman/listinfo/catalyst-dev
1984 http://catalyst.perl.org
1988 http://dev.catalyst.perl.org
1992 =head2 L<Task::Catalyst> - All you need to start with Catalyst
1994 =head2 L<Catalyst::Manual> - The Catalyst Manual
1996 =head2 L<Catalyst::Component>, L<Catalyst::Base> - Base classes for components
1998 =head2 L<Catalyst::Engine> - Core engine
2000 =head2 L<Catalyst::Log> - Log class.
2002 =head2 L<Catalyst::Request> - Request object
2004 =head2 L<Catalyst::Response> - Response object
2006 =head2 L<Catalyst::Test> - The test suite.
2076 Sebastian Riedel, C<sri@oook.de>
2080 This library is free software, you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
2081 the same terms as Perl itself.