4 use base 'Catalyst::Component';
6 use UNIVERSAL::require;
7 use Catalyst::Exception;
10 use Catalyst::Request::Upload;
11 use Catalyst::Response;
13 use Catalyst::Controller;
16 use Text::SimpleTable;
18 use Time::HiRes qw/gettimeofday tv_interval/;
20 use Scalar::Util qw/weaken/;
21 use Tree::Simple qw/use_weak_refs/;
22 use Tree::Simple::Visitor::FindByUID;
25 __PACKAGE__->mk_accessors(
26 qw/counter request response state action stack namespace/
29 attributes->import( __PACKAGE__, \&namespace, 'lvalue' );
31 sub depth { scalar @{ shift->stack || [] }; }
38 # For backwards compatibility
39 *finalize_output = \&finalize_body;
44 our $RECURSION = 1000;
45 our $DETACH = "catalyst_detach\n";
47 require Module::Pluggable::Fast;
49 # Helper script generation
50 our $CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN = 27;
52 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata($_)
53 for qw/components arguments dispatcher engine log dispatcher_class
54 engine_class context_class request_class response_class setup_finished/;
56 __PACKAGE__->dispatcher_class('Catalyst::Dispatcher');
57 __PACKAGE__->engine_class('Catalyst::Engine::CGI');
58 __PACKAGE__->request_class('Catalyst::Request');
59 __PACKAGE__->response_class('Catalyst::Response');
61 our $VERSION = '5.66';
64 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
66 # We have to limit $class to Catalyst to avoid pushing Catalyst upon every
68 return unless $class eq 'Catalyst';
70 my $caller = caller(0);
72 unless ( $caller->isa('Catalyst') ) {
74 push @{"$caller\::ISA"}, $class, 'Catalyst::Controller';
77 $caller->arguments( [@arguments] );
83 Catalyst - The Elegant MVC Web Application Framework
87 # use the helper to start a new application
90 # add models, views, controllers
91 script/myapp_create.pl model Database DBIC dbi:SQLite:/path/to/db
92 script/myapp_create.pl view TT TT
93 script/myapp_create.pl controller Search
95 # built in testserver -- use -r to restart automatically on changes
96 script/myapp_server.pl
98 # command line testing interface
99 script/myapp_test.pl /yada
102 use Catalyst qw/-Debug/; # include plugins here as well
104 sub foo : Global { # called for /foo, /foo/1, /foo/1/2, etc.
105 my ( $self, $c, @args ) = @_; # args are qw/1 2/ for /foo/1/2
106 $c->stash->{template} = 'foo.tt'; # set the template
107 # lookup something from db -- stash vars are passed to TT
109 MyApp::Model::Database::Foo->search( { country => $args[0] } );
110 if ( $c->req->params->{bar} ) { # access GET or POST parameters
111 $c->forward( 'bar' ); # process another action
112 # do something else after forward returns
116 # The foo.tt TT template can use the stash data from the database
117 [% WHILE (item = data.next) %]
121 # called for /bar/of/soap, /bar/of/soap/10, etc.
122 sub bar : Path('/bar/of/soap') { ... }
124 # called for all actions, from the top-most controller downwards
126 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
128 $c->res->redirect( '/login' ); # require login
129 return 0; # abort request and go immediately to end()
131 return 1; # success; carry on to next action
134 # called after all actions are finished
136 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
137 if ( scalar @{ $c->error } ) { ... } # handle errors
138 return if $c->res->body; # already have a response
139 $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' ); # render template
142 ### in MyApp/Controller/Foo.pm
143 # called for /foo/bar
144 sub bar : Local { ... }
146 # called for /blargle
147 sub blargle : Global { ... }
149 # an index action matches /foo, but not /foo/1, etc.
150 sub index : Private { ... }
152 ### in MyApp/Controller/Foo/Bar.pm
153 # called for /foo/bar/baz
154 sub baz : Local { ... }
156 # first MyApp auto is called, then Foo auto, then this
157 sub auto : Private { ... }
159 # powerful regular expression paths are also possible
160 sub details : Regex('^product/(\w+)/details$') {
161 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
162 # extract the (\w+) from the URI
163 my $product = $c->req->snippets->[0];
166 See L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro> for additional information.
170 The key concept of Catalyst is DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself).
172 See L<Catalyst::Manual> for more documentation.
174 Catalyst plugins can be loaded by naming them as arguments to the "use
175 Catalyst" statement. Omit the C<Catalyst::Plugin::> prefix from the
176 plugin name, i.e., C<Catalyst::Plugin::My::Module> becomes
179 use Catalyst qw/My::Module/;
181 If your plugin starts with a name other than C<Catalyst::Plugin::>, you can
182 fully qualify the name by using a unary plus:
186 +Fully::Qualified::Plugin::Name
189 Special flags like C<-Debug> and C<-Engine> can also be specified as
190 arguments when Catalyst is loaded:
192 use Catalyst qw/-Debug My::Module/;
194 The position of plugins and flags in the chain is important, because
195 they are loaded in exactly the order in which they appear.
197 The following flags are supported:
201 Enables debug output.
205 Forces Catalyst to use a specific engine. Omit the
206 C<Catalyst::Engine::> prefix of the engine name, i.e.:
208 use Catalyst qw/-Engine=CGI/;
212 Forces Catalyst to use a specific home directory, e.g.:
214 use Catalyst qw[-Home=/usr/sri];
222 =head2 Information about the current request
226 Returns a L<Catalyst::Action> object for the current action, which
227 stringifies to the action name. See L<Catalyst::Action>.
231 Returns the namespace of the current action, i.e., the uri prefix
232 corresponding to the controller of the current action. For example:
234 # in Controller::Foo::Bar
235 $c->namespace; # returns 'foo/bar';
241 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Request> object. See
242 L<Catalyst::Request>.
244 =head2 Processing and response to the current request
246 =head2 $c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )
248 =head2 $c->forward( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
250 Forwards processing to a private action. If you give a class name but no
251 method, C<process()> is called. You may also optionally pass arguments
252 in an arrayref. The action will receive the arguments in C<@_> and
253 C<$c-E<gt>req-E<gt>args>. Upon returning from the function,
254 C<$c-E<gt>req-E<gt>args> will be restored to the previous values.
256 Any data C<return>ed from the action forwarded to, will be returned by the
259 my $foodata = $c->forward('/foo');
260 $c->forward('index');
261 $c->forward(qw/MyApp::Model::CDBI::Foo do_stuff/);
262 $c->forward('MyApp::View::TT');
266 sub forward { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->forward( $c, @_ ) }
268 =head2 $c->detach( $action [, \@arguments ] )
270 =head2 $c->detach( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
272 The same as C<forward>, but doesn't return.
276 sub detach { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->detach( $c, @_ ) }
280 =head2 $c->error($error, ...)
282 =head2 $c->error($arrayref)
284 Returns an arrayref containing error messages. If Catalyst encounters an
285 error while processing a request, it stores the error in $c->error. This
286 method should not be used to store non-fatal error messages.
288 my @error = @{ $c->error };
292 $c->error('Something bad happened');
294 Clear errors. You probably don't want to clear the errors unless you are
295 implementing a custom error screen.
304 my $error = ref $_[0] eq 'ARRAY' ? $_[0] : [@_];
305 push @{ $c->{error} }, @$error;
307 elsif ( defined $_[0] ) { $c->{error} = undef }
308 return $c->{error} || [];
315 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Response> object.
319 Returns a hashref to the stash, which may be used to store data and pass
320 it between components during a request. You can also set hash keys by
321 passing arguments. The stash is automatically sent to the view. The
322 stash is cleared at the end of a request; it cannot be used for
325 $c->stash->{foo} = $bar;
326 $c->stash( { moose => 'majestic', qux => 0 } );
327 $c->stash( bar => 1, gorch => 2 ); # equivalent to passing a hashref
329 # stash is automatically passed to the view for use in a template
330 $c->forward( 'MyApp::V::TT' );
337 my $stash = @_ > 1 ? {@_} : $_[0];
338 while ( my ( $key, $val ) = each %$stash ) {
339 $c->{stash}->{$key} = $val;
347 Contains the return value of the last executed action.
349 =head2 Component Accessors
351 =head2 $c->comp($name)
353 =head2 $c->component($name)
355 Gets a component object by name. This method is no longer recommended,
356 unless you want to get a specific component by full
357 class. C<$c-E<gt>controller>, C<$c-E<gt>model>, and C<$c-E<gt>view>
358 should be used instead.
369 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
372 $name, "${appclass}::${name}",
373 map { "${appclass}::${_}::${name}" }
374 qw/Model M Controller C View V/
377 foreach my $try (@names) {
379 if ( exists $c->components->{$try} ) {
381 my $comp = $c->components->{$try};
382 if ( eval { $comp->can('ACCEPT_CONTEXT'); } ) {
383 return $comp->ACCEPT_CONTEXT($c);
385 else { return $comp }
389 foreach my $component ( keys %{ $c->components } ) {
391 $comp = $c->components->{$component} if $component =~ /$name/i;
393 if ( ref $comp && $comp->can('ACCEPT_CONTEXT') ) {
394 return $comp->ACCEPT_CONTEXT($c);
396 else { return $comp }
402 return sort keys %{ $c->components };
405 =head2 $c->controller($name)
407 Gets a L<Catalyst::Controller> instance by name.
409 $c->controller('Foo')->do_stuff;
414 my ( $c, $name ) = @_;
415 my $controller = $c->comp("Controller::$name");
416 return $controller if defined $controller;
417 return $c->comp("C::$name");
420 =head2 $c->model($name)
422 Gets a L<Catalyst::Model> instance by name.
424 $c->model('Foo')->do_stuff;
429 my ( $c, $name ) = @_;
430 my $model = $c->comp("Model::$name");
431 return $model if defined $model;
432 return $c->comp("M::$name");
435 =head2 $c->view($name)
437 Gets a L<Catalyst::View> instance by name.
439 $c->view('Foo')->do_stuff;
444 my ( $c, $name ) = @_;
445 my $view = $c->comp("View::$name");
446 return $view if defined $view;
447 return $c->comp("V::$name");
450 =head2 Class data and helper classes
454 Returns or takes a hashref containing the application's configuration.
456 __PACKAGE__->config( { db => 'dsn:SQLite:foo.db' } );
458 You can also use a L<YAML> config file like myapp.yml in your
459 applications home directory.
462 db: dsn:SQLite:foo.db
469 $c->log->warn("Setting config after setup has been run is not a good idea.")
470 if ( @_ and $c->setup_finished );
472 $c->NEXT::config(@_);
477 Overload to enable debug messages (same as -Debug option).
483 =head2 $c->dispatcher
485 Returns the dispatcher instance. Stringifies to class name. See
486 L<Catalyst::Dispatcher>.
490 Returns the engine instance. Stringifies to the class name. See
495 Returns the logging object instance. Unless it is already set, Catalyst sets
496 this up with a L<Catalyst::Log> object. To use your own log class, set the
497 logger with the C<< __PACKAGE__->log >> method prior to calling
498 C<< __PACKAGE__->setup >>.
500 __PACKAGE__->log( MyLogger->new );
505 $c->log->info( 'Now logging with my own logger!' );
507 Your log class should implement the methods described in the
508 L<Catalyst::Log> man page.
512 =head2 Utility methods
514 =head2 $c->path_to(@path)
516 Merges C<@path> with C<$c-E<gt>config-E<gt>{home}> and returns a
517 L<Path::Class> object.
521 $c->path_to( 'db', 'sqlite.db' );
526 my ( $c, @path ) = @_;
527 my $path = dir( $c->config->{home}, @path );
528 if ( -d $path ) { return $path }
529 else { return file( $c->config->{home}, @path ) }
532 =head2 $c->plugin( $name, $class, @args )
534 Helper method for plugins. It creates a classdata accessor/mutator and
535 loads and instantiates the given class.
537 MyApp->plugin( 'prototype', 'HTML::Prototype' );
539 $c->prototype->define_javascript_functions;
544 my ( $class, $name, $plugin, @args ) = @_;
545 $class->_register_plugin( $plugin, 1 );
547 eval { $plugin->import };
548 $class->mk_classdata($name);
550 eval { $obj = $plugin->new(@args) };
553 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
554 qq/Couldn't instantiate instant plugin "$plugin", "$@"/ );
558 $class->log->debug(qq/Initialized instant plugin "$plugin" as "$name"/)
564 Initializes the dispatcher and engine, loads any plugins, and loads the
565 model, view, and controller components. You may also specify an array
566 of plugins to load here, if you choose to not load them in the C<use
570 MyApp->setup( qw/-Debug/ );
575 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
577 unless ( $class->isa('Catalyst') ) {
579 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
580 message => qq/'$class' does not inherit from Catalyst/ );
583 if ( $class->arguments ) {
584 @arguments = ( @arguments, @{ $class->arguments } );
590 foreach (@arguments) {
594 ( $flags->{log} ) ? 'debug,' . $flags->{log} : 'debug';
596 elsif (/^-(\w+)=?(.*)$/) {
597 $flags->{ lc $1 } = $2;
600 push @{ $flags->{plugins} }, $_;
604 $class->setup_home( delete $flags->{home} );
606 $class->setup_log( delete $flags->{log} );
607 $class->setup_plugins( delete $flags->{plugins} );
608 $class->setup_dispatcher( delete $flags->{dispatcher} );
609 $class->setup_engine( delete $flags->{engine} );
611 for my $flag ( sort keys %{$flags} ) {
613 if ( my $code = $class->can( 'setup_' . $flag ) ) {
614 &$code( $class, delete $flags->{$flag} );
617 $class->log->warn(qq/Unknown flag "$flag"/);
622 <<"EOF") if ( $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} && ( $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} < $Catalyst::CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN ) );
623 You are running an old script!
625 Please update by running (this will overwrite existing files):
626 catalyst.pl -force -scripts $class
628 or (this will not overwrite existing files):
629 catalyst.pl -scripts $class
632 if ( $class->debug ) {
639 map { $_ . ' ' . ( $_->VERSION || '' ) }
640 grep { /^Catalyst::Plugin/ } @{"$class\::ISA"};
644 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new(76);
645 $t->row($_) for @plugins;
646 $class->log->debug( "Loaded plugins:\n" . $t->draw );
649 my $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher;
650 my $engine = $class->engine;
651 my $home = $class->config->{home};
653 $class->log->debug(qq/Loaded dispatcher "$dispatcher"/);
654 $class->log->debug(qq/Loaded engine "$engine"/);
658 ? $class->log->debug(qq/Found home "$home"/)
659 : $class->log->debug(qq/Home "$home" doesn't exist/)
660 : $class->log->debug(q/Couldn't find home/);
665 no warnings qw/redefine/;
666 local *setup = sub { };
670 # Initialize our data structure
671 $class->components( {} );
673 $class->setup_components;
675 if ( $class->debug ) {
676 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 65, 'Class' ], [ 8, 'Type' ] );
677 for my $comp ( sort keys %{ $class->components } ) {
678 my $type = ref $class->components->{$comp} ? 'instance' : 'class';
679 $t->row( $comp, $type );
681 $class->log->debug( "Loaded components:\n" . $t->draw )
682 if ( keys %{ $class->components } );
685 # Add our self to components, since we are also a component
686 $class->components->{$class} = $class;
688 $class->setup_actions;
690 if ( $class->debug ) {
691 my $name = $class->config->{name} || 'Application';
692 $class->log->info("$name powered by Catalyst $Catalyst::VERSION");
694 $class->log->_flush() if $class->log->can('_flush');
696 $class->setup_finished(1);
699 =head2 $c->uri_for( $path, [ @args ] )
701 Merges path with C<$c-E<gt>request-E<gt>base> for absolute uri's and
702 with C<$c-E<gt>namespace> for relative uri's, then returns a
703 normalized L<URI> object. If any args are passed, they are added at the
704 end of the path. If the last argument to uri_for is a hash reference,
705 it is assumed to contain GET parameter key/value pairs, which will be
706 appended to the URI in standard fashion.
711 my ( $c, $path, @args ) = @_;
712 my $base = $c->request->base->clone;
713 my $basepath = $base->path;
714 $basepath =~ s/\/$//;
716 my $namespace = $c->namespace;
718 # massage namespace, empty if absolute path
719 $namespace =~ s/^\///;
720 $namespace .= '/' if $namespace;
722 $namespace = '' if $path =~ /^\//;
726 ( scalar @args && ref $args[$#args] eq 'HASH' ? pop @args : {} );
728 # join args with '/', or a blank string
729 my $args = ( scalar @args ? '/' . join( '/', @args ) : '' );
730 $args =~ s/^\/// unless $path;
732 URI->new_abs( URI->new_abs( "$path$args", "$basepath$namespace" ), $base )
734 $res->query_form(%$params);
738 =head2 $c->welcome_message
740 Returns the Catalyst welcome HTML page.
744 sub welcome_message {
746 my $name = $c->config->{name};
747 my $logo = $c->uri_for('/static/images/catalyst_logo.png');
748 my $prefix = Catalyst::Utils::appprefix( ref $c );
749 $c->response->content_type('text/html; charset=utf-8');
751 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
752 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
753 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
755 <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en" />
756 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
757 <title>$name on Catalyst $VERSION</title>
758 <style type="text/css">
761 background-color: #eee;
770 background-color: #ccc;
771 border: 1px solid #aaa;
772 -moz-border-radius: 10px;
777 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
780 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
783 text-decoration: none;
785 border-bottom: 1px dotted #bbb;
787 :link:hover, :visited:hover {
800 background-color: #fff;
801 border: 1px solid #aaa;
802 -moz-border-radius: 10px;
828 <h1><span id="appname">$name</span> on <a href="http://catalyst.perl.org">Catalyst</a>
833 <img src="$logo" alt="Catalyst Logo" />
835 <p>Welcome to the wonderful world of Catalyst.
836 This <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MVC">MVC</a>
837 framework will make web development something you had
838 never expected it to be: Fun, rewarding, and quick.</p>
839 <h2>What to do now?</h2>
840 <p>That really depends on what <b>you</b> want to do.
841 We do, however, provide you with a few starting points.</p>
842 <p>If you want to jump right into web development with Catalyst
843 you might want to check out the documentation.</p>
844 <pre><code>perldoc <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/dist/Catalyst/lib/Catalyst/Manual/Intro.pod">Catalyst::Manual::Intro</a>
845 perldoc <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/dist/Catalyst/lib/Catalyst/Manual/Tutorial.pod">Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial</a></code>
846 perldoc <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/dist/Catalyst/lib/Catalyst/Manual.pod">Catalyst::Manual</a></code></pre>
847 <h2>What to do next?</h2>
848 <p>Next it's time to write an actual application. Use the
849 helper scripts to generate <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AController%3A%3A&mode=all">controllers</a>,
850 <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AModel%3A%3A&mode=all">models</a>, and
851 <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AView%3A%3A&mode=all">views</a>;
852 they can save you a lot of work.</p>
853 <pre><code>script/${prefix}_create.pl -help</code></pre>
854 <p>Also, be sure to check out the vast and growing
855 collection of <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3APlugin%3A%3A&mode=all">plugins for Catalyst on CPAN</a>;
856 you are likely to find what you need there.
860 <p>Catalyst has a very active community. Here are the main places to
861 get in touch with us.</p>
864 <a href="http://dev.catalyst.perl.org">Wiki</a>
867 <a href="http://lists.rawmode.org/mailman/listinfo/catalyst">Mailing-List</a>
870 <a href="irc://irc.perl.org/catalyst">IRC channel #catalyst on irc.perl.org</a>
873 <h2>In conclusion</h2>
874 <p>The Catalyst team hopes you will enjoy using Catalyst as much
875 as we enjoyed making it. Please contact us if you have ideas
876 for improvement or other feedback.</p>
884 =head1 INTERNAL METHODS
886 These methods are not meant to be used by end users.
888 =head2 $c->components
890 Returns a hash of components.
892 =head2 $c->context_class
894 Returns or sets the context class.
898 Returns a hashref containing coderefs and execution counts (needed for
899 deep recursion detection).
903 Returns the number of actions on the current internal execution stack.
907 Dispatches a request to actions.
911 sub dispatch { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->dispatch( $c, @_ ) }
913 =head2 $c->dispatcher_class
915 Returns or sets the dispatcher class.
917 =head2 $c->dump_these
919 Returns a list of 2-element array references (name, structure) pairs
920 that will be dumped on the error page in debug mode.
926 [ Request => $c->req ], [ Response => $c->res ], [ Stash => $c->stash ],;
929 =head2 $c->engine_class
931 Returns or sets the engine class.
933 =head2 $c->execute( $class, $coderef )
935 Execute a coderef in given class and catch exceptions. Errors are available
941 my ( $c, $class, $code ) = @_;
942 $class = $c->component($class) || $class;
946 my $action = "$code";
947 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /\-\>/;
948 $c->counter->{"$code"}++;
950 if ( $c->counter->{"$code"} > $RECURSION ) {
951 my $error = qq/Deep recursion detected in "$action"/;
952 $c->log->error($error);
958 # determine if the call was the result of a forward
959 # this is done by walking up the call stack and looking for a calling
960 # sub of Catalyst::forward before the eval
962 for my $index ( 1 .. 10 ) {
964 if ( ( caller($index) )[0] eq 'Catalyst'
965 && ( caller($index) )[3] eq '(eval)' );
967 if ( ( caller($index) )[3] =~ /forward$/ ) {
968 $callsub = ( caller($index) )[3];
969 $action = "-> $action";
974 my $node = Tree::Simple->new(
977 elapsed => undef, # to be filled in later
980 $node->setUID( "$code" . $c->counter->{"$code"} );
982 unless ( ( $code->name =~ /^_.*/ )
983 && ( !$c->config->{show_internal_actions} ) )
986 # is this a root-level call or a forwarded call?
987 if ( $callsub =~ /forward$/ ) {
989 # forward, locate the caller
990 if ( my $parent = $c->stack->[-1] ) {
991 my $visitor = Tree::Simple::Visitor::FindByUID->new;
992 $visitor->searchForUID(
993 "$parent" . $c->counter->{"$parent"} );
994 $c->{stats}->accept($visitor);
995 if ( my $result = $visitor->getResult ) {
996 $result->addChild($node);
1001 # forward with no caller may come from a plugin
1002 $c->{stats}->addChild($node);
1008 $c->{stats}->addChild($node);
1013 push( @{ $c->stack }, $code );
1016 $start = [gettimeofday] if $c->debug;
1017 eval { $c->state( &$code( $class, $c, @{ $c->req->args } ) || 0 ) };
1018 $elapsed = tv_interval($start) if $c->debug;
1021 unless ( ( $code->name =~ /^_.*/ )
1022 && ( !$c->config->{show_internal_actions} ) )
1025 # FindByUID uses an internal die, so we save the existing error
1028 # locate the node in the tree and update the elapsed time
1029 my $visitor = Tree::Simple::Visitor::FindByUID->new;
1030 $visitor->searchForUID( "$code" . $c->counter->{"$code"} );
1031 $c->{stats}->accept($visitor);
1032 if ( my $result = $visitor->getResult ) {
1033 my $value = $result->getNodeValue;
1034 $value->{elapsed} = sprintf( '%fs', $elapsed );
1035 $result->setNodeValue($value);
1039 $@ = $error || undef;
1042 my $last = ${ $c->stack }[-1];
1043 pop( @{ $c->stack } );
1045 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1046 if ( $error eq $DETACH ) { die $DETACH if $c->depth > 1 }
1048 unless ( ref $error ) {
1050 my $class = $last->class;
1051 my $name = $last->name;
1052 $error = qq/Caught exception in $class->$name "$error"/;
1063 Finalizes the request.
1070 for my $error ( @{ $c->error } ) {
1071 $c->log->error($error);
1074 $c->finalize_uploads;
1077 if ( $#{ $c->error } >= 0 ) {
1081 $c->finalize_headers;
1084 if ( $c->request->method eq 'HEAD' ) {
1085 $c->response->body('');
1090 return $c->response->status;
1093 =head2 $c->finalize_body
1099 sub finalize_body { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_body( $c, @_ ) }
1101 =head2 $c->finalize_cookies
1107 sub finalize_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_cookies( $c, @_ ) }
1109 =head2 $c->finalize_error
1115 sub finalize_error { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_error( $c, @_ ) }
1117 =head2 $c->finalize_headers
1123 sub finalize_headers {
1126 # Check if we already finalized headers
1127 return if $c->response->{_finalized_headers};
1130 if ( my $location = $c->response->redirect ) {
1131 $c->log->debug(qq/Redirecting to "$location"/) if $c->debug;
1132 $c->response->header( Location => $location );
1136 if ( $c->response->body && !$c->response->content_length ) {
1138 # get the length from a filehandle
1139 if ( ref $c->response->body && $c->response->body->can('read') ) {
1140 if ( my $stat = stat $c->response->body ) {
1141 $c->response->content_length( $stat->size );
1144 $c->log->warn('Serving filehandle without a content-length');
1148 $c->response->content_length( bytes::length( $c->response->body ) );
1153 if ( $c->response->status =~ /^(1\d\d|[23]04)$/ ) {
1154 $c->response->headers->remove_header("Content-Length");
1155 $c->response->body('');
1158 $c->finalize_cookies;
1160 $c->engine->finalize_headers( $c, @_ );
1163 $c->response->{_finalized_headers} = 1;
1166 =head2 $c->finalize_output
1168 An alias for finalize_body.
1170 =head2 $c->finalize_read
1172 Finalizes the input after reading is complete.
1176 sub finalize_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_read( $c, @_ ) }
1178 =head2 $c->finalize_uploads
1180 Finalizes uploads. Cleans up any temporary files.
1184 sub finalize_uploads { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_uploads( $c, @_ ) }
1186 =head2 $c->get_action( $action, $namespace )
1188 Gets an action in a given namespace.
1192 sub get_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_action(@_) }
1194 =head2 $c->get_actions( $action, $namespace )
1196 Gets all actions of a given name in a namespace and all parent
1201 sub get_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_actions( $c, @_ ) }
1203 =head2 handle_request( $class, @arguments )
1205 Called to handle each HTTP request.
1209 sub handle_request {
1210 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
1212 # Always expect worst case!
1215 my $stats = ( $class->debug ) ? Tree::Simple->new: q{};
1218 my $c = $class->prepare(@arguments);
1219 $c->{stats} = $stats;
1221 return $c->finalize;
1224 if ( $class->debug ) {
1225 my $start = [gettimeofday];
1226 $status = &$handler;
1227 my $elapsed = tv_interval $start;
1228 $elapsed = sprintf '%f', $elapsed;
1229 my $av = sprintf '%.3f',
1230 ( $elapsed == 0 ? '??' : ( 1 / $elapsed ) );
1231 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 64, 'Action' ], [ 9, 'Time' ] );
1236 my $stat = $action->getNodeValue;
1237 $t->row( ( q{ } x $action->getDepth ) . $stat->{action},
1238 $stat->{elapsed} || '??' );
1243 "Request took ${elapsed}s ($av/s)\n" . $t->draw );
1245 else { $status = &$handler }
1249 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1251 $class->log->error(qq/Caught exception in engine "$error"/);
1255 $class->log->_flush() if $class->log->can('_flush');
1259 =head2 $c->prepare( @arguments )
1261 Creates a Catalyst context from an engine-specific request (Apache, CGI,
1267 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
1269 $class->context_class( ref $class || $class ) unless $class->context_class;
1270 my $c = $class->context_class->new(
1274 request => $class->request_class->new(
1277 body_parameters => {},
1279 headers => HTTP::Headers->new,
1281 query_parameters => {},
1287 response => $class->response_class->new(
1291 headers => HTTP::Headers->new(),
1300 # For on-demand data
1301 $c->request->{_context} = $c;
1302 $c->response->{_context} = $c;
1303 weaken( $c->request->{_context} );
1304 weaken( $c->response->{_context} );
1307 my $secs = time - $START || 1;
1308 my $av = sprintf '%.3f', $COUNT / $secs;
1309 $c->log->debug('**********************************');
1310 $c->log->debug("* Request $COUNT ($av/s) [$$]");
1311 $c->log->debug('**********************************');
1312 $c->res->headers->header( 'X-Catalyst' => $Catalyst::VERSION );
1315 $c->prepare_request(@arguments);
1316 $c->prepare_connection;
1317 $c->prepare_query_parameters;
1318 $c->prepare_headers;
1319 $c->prepare_cookies;
1323 $c->prepare_body unless $c->config->{parse_on_demand};
1325 my $method = $c->req->method || '';
1326 my $path = $c->req->path || '';
1327 my $address = $c->req->address || '';
1329 $c->log->debug(qq/"$method" request for "$path" from "$address"/)
1337 =head2 $c->prepare_action
1343 sub prepare_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->prepare_action( $c, @_ ) }
1345 =head2 $c->prepare_body
1347 Prepares message body.
1354 # Do we run for the first time?
1355 return if defined $c->request->{_body};
1357 # Initialize on-demand data
1358 $c->engine->prepare_body( $c, @_ );
1359 $c->prepare_parameters;
1360 $c->prepare_uploads;
1362 if ( $c->debug && keys %{ $c->req->body_parameters } ) {
1363 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 37, 'Key' ], [ 36, 'Value' ] );
1364 for my $key ( sort keys %{ $c->req->body_parameters } ) {
1365 my $param = $c->req->body_parameters->{$key};
1366 my $value = defined($param) ? $param : '';
1368 ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ? ( join ', ', @$value ) : $value );
1370 $c->log->debug( "Body Parameters are:\n" . $t->draw );
1374 =head2 $c->prepare_body_chunk( $chunk )
1376 Prepares a chunk of data before sending it to L<HTTP::Body>.
1380 sub prepare_body_chunk {
1382 $c->engine->prepare_body_chunk( $c, @_ );
1385 =head2 $c->prepare_body_parameters
1387 Prepares body parameters.
1391 sub prepare_body_parameters {
1393 $c->engine->prepare_body_parameters( $c, @_ );
1396 =head2 $c->prepare_connection
1398 Prepares connection.
1402 sub prepare_connection {
1404 $c->engine->prepare_connection( $c, @_ );
1407 =head2 $c->prepare_cookies
1413 sub prepare_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_cookies( $c, @_ ) }
1415 =head2 $c->prepare_headers
1421 sub prepare_headers { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_headers( $c, @_ ) }
1423 =head2 $c->prepare_parameters
1425 Prepares parameters.
1429 sub prepare_parameters {
1431 $c->prepare_body_parameters;
1432 $c->engine->prepare_parameters( $c, @_ );
1435 =head2 $c->prepare_path
1437 Prepares path and base.
1441 sub prepare_path { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_path( $c, @_ ) }
1443 =head2 $c->prepare_query_parameters
1445 Prepares query parameters.
1449 sub prepare_query_parameters {
1452 $c->engine->prepare_query_parameters( $c, @_ );
1454 if ( $c->debug && keys %{ $c->request->query_parameters } ) {
1455 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 37, 'Key' ], [ 36, 'Value' ] );
1456 for my $key ( sort keys %{ $c->req->query_parameters } ) {
1457 my $param = $c->req->query_parameters->{$key};
1458 my $value = defined($param) ? $param : '';
1460 ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ? ( join ', ', @$value ) : $value );
1462 $c->log->debug( "Query Parameters are:\n" . $t->draw );
1466 =head2 $c->prepare_read
1468 Prepares the input for reading.
1472 sub prepare_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_read( $c, @_ ) }
1474 =head2 $c->prepare_request
1476 Prepares the engine request.
1480 sub prepare_request { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_request( $c, @_ ) }
1482 =head2 $c->prepare_uploads
1488 sub prepare_uploads {
1491 $c->engine->prepare_uploads( $c, @_ );
1493 if ( $c->debug && keys %{ $c->request->uploads } ) {
1494 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new(
1500 for my $key ( sort keys %{ $c->request->uploads } ) {
1501 my $upload = $c->request->uploads->{$key};
1502 for my $u ( ref $upload eq 'ARRAY' ? @{$upload} : ($upload) ) {
1503 $t->row( $key, $u->filename, $u->type, $u->size );
1506 $c->log->debug( "File Uploads are:\n" . $t->draw );
1510 =head2 $c->prepare_write
1512 Prepares the output for writing.
1516 sub prepare_write { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_write( $c, @_ ) }
1518 =head2 $c->request_class
1520 Returns or sets the request class.
1522 =head2 $c->response_class
1524 Returns or sets the response class.
1526 =head2 $c->read( [$maxlength] )
1528 Reads a chunk of data from the request body. This method is designed to
1529 be used in a while loop, reading C<$maxlength> bytes on every call.
1530 C<$maxlength> defaults to the size of the request if not specified.
1532 You have to set C<MyApp-E<gt>config-E<gt>{parse_on_demand}> to use this
1537 sub read { my $c = shift; return $c->engine->read( $c, @_ ) }
1545 sub run { my $c = shift; return $c->engine->run( $c, @_ ) }
1547 =head2 $c->set_action( $action, $code, $namespace, $attrs )
1549 Sets an action in a given namespace.
1553 sub set_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->set_action( $c, @_ ) }
1555 =head2 $c->setup_actions($component)
1557 Sets up actions for a component.
1561 sub setup_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->setup_actions( $c, @_ ) }
1563 =head2 $c->setup_components
1569 sub setup_components {
1572 my $callback = sub {
1573 my ( $component, $context ) = @_;
1575 unless ( $component->can('COMPONENT') ) {
1579 my $suffix = Catalyst::Utils::class2classsuffix($component);
1580 my $config = $class->config->{$suffix} || {};
1584 eval { $instance = $component->COMPONENT( $context, $config ); };
1586 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1590 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
1591 qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", "$error"/ );
1594 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
1595 qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", "COMPONENT() didn't return a object"/
1597 unless ref $instance;
1601 eval "package $class;\n" . q!Module::Pluggable::Fast->import(
1602 name => '_catalyst_components',
1604 "$class\::Controller", "$class\::C",
1605 "$class\::Model", "$class\::M",
1606 "$class\::View", "$class\::V"
1608 callback => $callback
1612 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1616 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
1617 message => qq/Couldn't load components "$error"/ );
1620 for my $component ( $class->_catalyst_components($class) ) {
1621 $class->components->{ ref $component || $component } = $component;
1625 =head2 $c->setup_dispatcher
1631 sub setup_dispatcher {
1632 my ( $class, $dispatcher ) = @_;
1635 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $dispatcher;
1638 if ( $ENV{CATALYST_DISPATCHER} ) {
1639 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $ENV{CATALYST_DISPATCHER};
1642 if ( $ENV{ uc($class) . '_DISPATCHER' } ) {
1644 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $ENV{ uc($class) . '_DISPATCHER' };
1647 unless ($dispatcher) {
1648 $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher_class;
1651 $dispatcher->require;
1654 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
1655 message => qq/Couldn't load dispatcher "$dispatcher", "$@"/ );
1658 # dispatcher instance
1659 $class->dispatcher( $dispatcher->new );
1662 =head2 $c->setup_engine
1669 my ( $class, $engine ) = @_;
1672 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::' . $engine;
1675 if ( $ENV{CATALYST_ENGINE} ) {
1676 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::' . $ENV{CATALYST_ENGINE};
1679 if ( $ENV{ uc($class) . '_ENGINE' } ) {
1680 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::' . $ENV{ uc($class) . '_ENGINE' };
1683 if ( $ENV{MOD_PERL} ) {
1685 # create the apache method
1688 *{"$class\::apache"} = sub { shift->engine->apache };
1691 my ( $software, $version ) =
1692 $ENV{MOD_PERL} =~ /^(\S+)\/(\d+(?:[\.\_]\d+)+)/;
1695 $version =~ s/(\.[^.]+)\./$1/g;
1697 if ( $software eq 'mod_perl' ) {
1701 if ( $version >= 1.99922 ) {
1702 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Apache2::MP20';
1705 elsif ( $version >= 1.9901 ) {
1706 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Apache2::MP19';
1709 elsif ( $version >= 1.24 ) {
1710 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Apache::MP13';
1714 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
1715 qq/Unsupported mod_perl version: $ENV{MOD_PERL}/ );
1720 # install the correct mod_perl handler
1721 if ( $version >= 1.9901 ) {
1722 *handler = sub : method {
1723 shift->handle_request(@_);
1727 *handler = sub ($$) { shift->handle_request(@_) };
1732 elsif ( $software eq 'Zeus-Perl' ) {
1733 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Zeus';
1737 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
1738 message => qq/Unsupported mod_perl: $ENV{MOD_PERL}/ );
1743 $engine = $class->engine_class;
1749 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
1750 qq/Couldn't load engine "$engine" (maybe you forgot to install it?), "$@"/
1754 # check for old engines that are no longer compatible
1756 if ( $engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Apache')
1757 && !Catalyst::Engine::Apache->VERSION )
1762 elsif ( $engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Server::Base')
1763 && Catalyst::Engine::Server->VERSION le '0.02' )
1768 elsif ($engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::HTTP::POE')
1769 && $engine->VERSION eq '0.01' )
1774 elsif ($engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Zeus')
1775 && $engine->VERSION eq '0.01' )
1781 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
1782 qq/Engine "$engine" is not supported by this version of Catalyst/
1787 $class->engine( $engine->new );
1790 =head2 $c->setup_home
1792 Sets up the home directory.
1797 my ( $class, $home ) = @_;
1799 if ( $ENV{CATALYST_HOME} ) {
1800 $home = $ENV{CATALYST_HOME};
1803 if ( $ENV{ uc($class) . '_HOME' } ) {
1804 $home = $ENV{ uc($class) . '_HOME' };
1808 $home = Catalyst::Utils::home($class);
1812 $class->config->{home} ||= $home;
1813 $class->config->{root} ||= dir($home)->subdir('root');
1817 =head2 $c->setup_log
1824 my ( $class, $debug ) = @_;
1826 unless ( $class->log ) {
1827 $class->log( Catalyst::Log->new );
1830 my $app_flag = Catalyst::Utils::class2env($class) . '_DEBUG';
1833 ( defined( $ENV{CATALYST_DEBUG} ) || defined( $ENV{$app_flag} ) )
1834 ? ( $ENV{CATALYST_DEBUG} || $ENV{$app_flag} )
1839 *{"$class\::debug"} = sub { 1 };
1840 $class->log->debug('Debug messages enabled');
1844 =head2 $c->setup_plugins
1850 =head2 $c->registered_plugins
1852 Returns a sorted list of the plugins which have either been stated in the
1853 import list or which have been added via C<< MyApp->plugin(@args); >>.
1855 If passed a given plugin name, it will report a boolean value indicating
1856 whether or not that plugin is loaded. A fully qualified name is required if
1857 the plugin name does not begin with C<Catalyst::Plugin::>.
1859 if ($c->registered_plugins('Some::Plugin')) {
1868 sub registered_plugins {
1870 return sort keys %PLUGINS unless @_;
1872 return 1 if exists $PLUGINS{$plugin};
1873 return exists $PLUGINS{"Catalyst::Plugin::$plugin"};
1876 sub _register_plugin {
1877 my ( $proto, $plugin, $instant ) = @_;
1878 my $class = ref $proto || $proto;
1882 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1883 my $type = $instant ? "instant " : '';
1884 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
1885 message => qq/Couldn't load ${type}plugin "$plugin", $error/ );
1888 $PLUGINS{$plugin} = 1;
1891 unshift @{"$class\::ISA"}, $plugin;
1897 my ( $class, $plugins ) = @_;
1900 for my $plugin ( reverse @$plugins ) {
1902 unless ( $plugin =~ s/\A\+// ) {
1903 $plugin = "Catalyst::Plugin::$plugin";
1906 $class->_register_plugin($plugin);
1915 =head2 $c->write( $data )
1917 Writes $data to the output stream. When using this method directly, you
1918 will need to manually set the C<Content-Length> header to the length of
1919 your output data, if known.
1926 # Finalize headers if someone manually writes output
1927 $c->finalize_headers;
1929 return $c->engine->write( $c, @_ );
1934 Returns the Catalyst version number. Mostly useful for "powered by"
1935 messages in template systems.
1939 sub version { return $Catalyst::VERSION }
1941 =head1 INTERNAL ACTIONS
1943 Catalyst uses internal actions like C<_DISPATCH>, C<_BEGIN>, C<_AUTO>,
1944 C<_ACTION>, and C<_END>. These are by default not shown in the private
1945 action table, but you can make them visible with a config parameter.
1947 MyApp->config->{show_internal_actions} = 1;
1949 =head1 CASE SENSITIVITY
1951 By default Catalyst is not case sensitive, so C<MyApp::C::FOO::Bar> is
1952 mapped to C</foo/bar>. You can activate case sensitivity with a config
1955 MyApp->config->{case_sensitive} = 1;
1957 This causes C<MyApp::C::Foo::Bar> to map to C</Foo/Bar>.
1959 =head1 ON-DEMAND PARSER
1961 The request body is usually parsed at the beginning of a request,
1962 but if you want to handle input yourself or speed things up a bit,
1963 you can enable on-demand parsing with a config parameter.
1965 MyApp->config->{parse_on_demand} = 1;
1967 =head1 PROXY SUPPORT
1969 Many production servers operate using the common double-server approach,
1970 with a lightweight frontend web server passing requests to a larger
1971 backend server. An application running on the backend server must deal
1972 with two problems: the remote user always appears to be C<127.0.0.1> and
1973 the server's hostname will appear to be C<localhost> regardless of the
1974 virtual host that the user connected through.
1976 Catalyst will automatically detect this situation when you are running
1977 the frontend and backend servers on the same machine. The following
1978 changes are made to the request.
1980 $c->req->address is set to the user's real IP address, as read from
1981 the HTTP X-Forwarded-For header.
1983 The host value for $c->req->base and $c->req->uri is set to the real
1984 host, as read from the HTTP X-Forwarded-Host header.
1986 Obviously, your web server must support these headers for this to work.
1988 In a more complex server farm environment where you may have your
1989 frontend proxy server(s) on different machines, you will need to set a
1990 configuration option to tell Catalyst to read the proxied data from the
1993 MyApp->config->{using_frontend_proxy} = 1;
1995 If you do not wish to use the proxy support at all, you may set:
1997 MyApp->config->{ignore_frontend_proxy} = 1;
1999 =head1 THREAD SAFETY
2001 Catalyst has been tested under Apache 2's threading mpm_worker, mpm_winnt,
2002 and the standalone forking HTTP server on Windows. We believe the Catalyst
2003 core to be thread-safe.
2005 If you plan to operate in a threaded environment, remember that all other
2006 modules you are using must also be thread-safe. Some modules, most notably
2007 L<DBD::SQLite>, are not thread-safe.
2013 Join #catalyst on irc.perl.org.
2017 http://lists.rawmode.org/mailman/listinfo/catalyst
2018 http://lists.rawmode.org/mailman/listinfo/catalyst-dev
2022 http://catalyst.perl.org
2026 http://dev.catalyst.perl.org
2030 =head2 L<Task::Catalyst> - All you need to start with Catalyst
2032 =head2 L<Catalyst::Manual> - The Catalyst Manual
2034 =head2 L<Catalyst::Component>, L<Catalyst::Base> - Base classes for components
2036 =head2 L<Catalyst::Engine> - Core engine
2038 =head2 L<Catalyst::Log> - Log class.
2040 =head2 L<Catalyst::Request> - Request object
2042 =head2 L<Catalyst::Response> - Response object
2044 =head2 L<Catalyst::Test> - The test suite.
2114 Sebastian Riedel, C<sri@oook.de>
2118 This library is free software, you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
2119 the same terms as Perl itself.