4 use base 'Catalyst::Component';
6 use Catalyst::Exception;
9 use Catalyst::Request::Upload;
10 use Catalyst::Response;
12 use Catalyst::Controller;
13 use Devel::InnerPackage ();
15 use Module::Pluggable::Object ();
17 use Text::SimpleTable ();
18 use Path::Class::Dir ();
19 use Path::Class::File ();
20 use Time::HiRes qw/gettimeofday tv_interval/;
22 use Scalar::Util qw/weaken blessed/;
23 use Tree::Simple qw/use_weak_refs/;
24 use Tree::Simple::Visitor::FindByUID;
29 BEGIN { require 5.008001; }
31 __PACKAGE__->mk_accessors(
32 qw/counter request response state action stack namespace stats/
35 attributes->import( __PACKAGE__, \&namespace, 'lvalue' );
37 sub depth { scalar @{ shift->stack || [] }; }
44 # For backwards compatibility
45 *finalize_output = \&finalize_body;
50 our $RECURSION = 1000;
51 our $DETACH = "catalyst_detach\n";
53 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata($_)
54 for qw/components arguments dispatcher engine log dispatcher_class
55 engine_class context_class request_class response_class setup_finished/;
57 __PACKAGE__->dispatcher_class('Catalyst::Dispatcher');
58 __PACKAGE__->engine_class('Catalyst::Engine::CGI');
59 __PACKAGE__->request_class('Catalyst::Request');
60 __PACKAGE__->response_class('Catalyst::Response');
62 # Remember to update this in Catalyst::Runtime as well!
64 our $VERSION = '5.7003';
67 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
69 # We have to limit $class to Catalyst to avoid pushing Catalyst upon every
71 return unless $class eq 'Catalyst';
73 my $caller = caller(0);
75 unless ( $caller->isa('Catalyst') ) {
77 push @{"$caller\::ISA"}, $class, 'Catalyst::Controller';
80 $caller->arguments( [@arguments] );
86 Catalyst - The Elegant MVC Web Application Framework
90 # Install Catalyst::Devel for helpers and other development tools
91 # use the helper to create a new application
94 # add models, views, controllers
95 script/myapp_create.pl model Database DBIC::SchemaLoader dbi:SQLite:/path/to/db
96 script/myapp_create.pl view TT TT
97 script/myapp_create.pl controller Search
99 # built in testserver -- use -r to restart automatically on changes
100 script/myapp_server.pl
102 # command line testing interface
103 script/myapp_test.pl /yada
106 use Catalyst qw/-Debug/; # include plugins here as well
108 ### In lib/MyApp/Controller/Root.pm (autocreated)
109 sub foo : Global { # called for /foo, /foo/1, /foo/1/2, etc.
110 my ( $self, $c, @args ) = @_; # args are qw/1 2/ for /foo/1/2
111 $c->stash->{template} = 'foo.tt'; # set the template
112 # lookup something from db -- stash vars are passed to TT
114 $c->model('Database::Foo')->search( { country => $args[0] } );
115 if ( $c->req->params->{bar} ) { # access GET or POST parameters
116 $c->forward( 'bar' ); # process another action
117 # do something else after forward returns
121 # The foo.tt TT template can use the stash data from the database
122 [% WHILE (item = data.next) %]
126 # called for /bar/of/soap, /bar/of/soap/10, etc.
127 sub bar : Path('/bar/of/soap') { ... }
129 # called for all actions, from the top-most controller downwards
131 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
132 if ( !$c->user_exists ) { # Catalyst::Plugin::Authentication
133 $c->res->redirect( '/login' ); # require login
134 return 0; # abort request and go immediately to end()
136 return 1; # success; carry on to next action
139 # called after all actions are finished
141 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
142 if ( scalar @{ $c->error } ) { ... } # handle errors
143 return if $c->res->body; # already have a response
144 $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' ); # render template
147 ### in MyApp/Controller/Foo.pm
148 # called for /foo/bar
149 sub bar : Local { ... }
151 # called for /blargle
152 sub blargle : Global { ... }
154 # an index action matches /foo, but not /foo/1, etc.
155 sub index : Private { ... }
157 ### in MyApp/Controller/Foo/Bar.pm
158 # called for /foo/bar/baz
159 sub baz : Local { ... }
161 # first Root auto is called, then Foo auto, then this
162 sub auto : Private { ... }
164 # powerful regular expression paths are also possible
165 sub details : Regex('^product/(\w+)/details$') {
166 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
167 # extract the (\w+) from the URI
168 my $product = $c->req->captures->[0];
171 See L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro> for additional information.
175 Catalyst is a modern framework for making web applications without the
176 pain usually associated with this process. This document is a reference
177 to the main Catalyst application. If you are a new user, we suggest you
178 start with L<Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial> or L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro>.
180 See L<Catalyst::Manual> for more documentation.
182 Catalyst plugins can be loaded by naming them as arguments to the "use
183 Catalyst" statement. Omit the C<Catalyst::Plugin::> prefix from the
184 plugin name, i.e., C<Catalyst::Plugin::My::Module> becomes
187 use Catalyst qw/My::Module/;
189 If your plugin starts with a name other than C<Catalyst::Plugin::>, you can
190 fully qualify the name by using a unary plus:
194 +Fully::Qualified::Plugin::Name
197 Special flags like C<-Debug> and C<-Engine> can also be specified as
198 arguments when Catalyst is loaded:
200 use Catalyst qw/-Debug My::Module/;
202 The position of plugins and flags in the chain is important, because
203 they are loaded in the order in which they appear.
205 The following flags are supported:
209 Enables debug output. You can also force this setting from the system
210 environment with CATALYST_DEBUG or <MYAPP>_DEBUG. The environment
211 settings override the application, with <MYAPP>_DEBUG having the highest
216 Forces Catalyst to use a specific engine. Omit the
217 C<Catalyst::Engine::> prefix of the engine name, i.e.:
219 use Catalyst qw/-Engine=CGI/;
223 Forces Catalyst to use a specific home directory, e.g.:
225 use Catalyst qw[-Home=/usr/mst];
233 =head2 INFORMATION ABOUT THE CURRENT REQUEST
237 Returns a L<Catalyst::Action> object for the current action, which
238 stringifies to the action name. See L<Catalyst::Action>.
242 Returns the namespace of the current action, i.e., the URI prefix
243 corresponding to the controller of the current action. For example:
245 # in Controller::Foo::Bar
246 $c->namespace; # returns 'foo/bar';
252 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Request> object, giving access to
253 information about the current client request (including parameters,
254 cookies, HTTP headers, etc.). See L<Catalyst::Request>.
256 =head2 REQUEST FLOW HANDLING
258 =head2 $c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )
260 =head2 $c->forward( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
262 Forwards processing to another action, by its private name. If you give a
263 class name but no method, C<process()> is called. You may also optionally
264 pass arguments in an arrayref. The action will receive the arguments in
265 C<@_> and C<$c-E<gt>req-E<gt>args>. Upon returning from the function,
266 C<$c-E<gt>req-E<gt>args> will be restored to the previous values.
268 Any data C<return>ed from the action forwarded to, will be returned by the
271 my $foodata = $c->forward('/foo');
272 $c->forward('index');
273 $c->forward(qw/MyApp::Model::DBIC::Foo do_stuff/);
274 $c->forward('MyApp::View::TT');
276 Note that forward implies an C<<eval { }>> around the call (actually
277 C<execute> does), thus de-fatalizing all 'dies' within the called
278 action. If you want C<die> to propagate you need to do something like:
281 die $c->error if $c->error;
283 Or make sure to always return true values from your actions and write
286 $c->forward('foo') || return;
290 sub forward { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->forward( $c, @_ ) }
292 =head2 $c->detach( $action [, \@arguments ] )
294 =head2 $c->detach( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
298 The same as C<forward>, but doesn't return to the previous action when
299 processing is finished.
301 When called with no arguments it escapes the processing chain entirely.
305 sub detach { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->detach( $c, @_ ) }
311 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Response> object, q.v.
315 Returns a hashref to the stash, which may be used to store data and pass
316 it between components during a request. You can also set hash keys by
317 passing arguments. The stash is automatically sent to the view. The
318 stash is cleared at the end of a request; it cannot be used for
319 persistent storage (for this you must use a session; see
320 L<Catalyst::Plugin::Session> for a complete system integrated with
323 $c->stash->{foo} = $bar;
324 $c->stash( { moose => 'majestic', qux => 0 } );
325 $c->stash( bar => 1, gorch => 2 ); # equivalent to passing a hashref
327 # stash is automatically passed to the view for use in a template
328 $c->forward( 'MyApp::V::TT' );
335 my $stash = @_ > 1 ? {@_} : $_[0];
336 croak('stash takes a hash or hashref') unless ref $stash;
337 foreach my $key ( keys %$stash ) {
338 $c->{stash}->{$key} = $stash->{$key};
346 =head2 $c->error($error, ...)
348 =head2 $c->error($arrayref)
350 Returns an arrayref containing error messages. If Catalyst encounters an
351 error while processing a request, it stores the error in $c->error. This
352 method should not be used to store non-fatal error messages.
354 my @error = @{ $c->error };
358 $c->error('Something bad happened');
365 my $error = ref $_[0] eq 'ARRAY' ? $_[0] : [@_];
366 croak @$error unless ref $c;
367 push @{ $c->{error} }, @$error;
369 elsif ( defined $_[0] ) { $c->{error} = undef }
370 return $c->{error} || [];
376 Contains the return value of the last executed action.
378 =head2 $c->clear_errors
380 Clear errors. You probably don't want to clear the errors unless you are
381 implementing a custom error screen.
383 This is equivalent to running
397 my ( $c, @names ) = @_;
399 foreach my $name (@names) {
400 foreach my $component ( keys %{ $c->components } ) {
401 return $c->components->{$component} if $component =~ /$name/i;
408 # try explicit component names
410 my ( $c, @names ) = @_;
412 foreach my $try (@names) {
413 return $c->components->{$try} if ( exists $c->components->{$try} );
419 # like component, but try just these prefixes before regex searching,
420 # and do not try to return "sort keys %{ $c->components }"
422 my ( $c, $name, @prefixes ) = @_;
424 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
426 my @names = map { "${appclass}::${_}::${name}" } @prefixes;
428 my $comp = $c->_comp_explicit(@names);
429 return $comp if defined($comp);
430 $comp = $c->_comp_search($name);
434 # Find possible names for a prefix
437 my ( $c, @prefixes ) = @_;
439 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
441 my @pre = map { "${appclass}::${_}::" } @prefixes;
445 COMPONENT: foreach my $comp ($c->component) {
446 foreach my $p (@pre) {
447 if ($comp =~ s/^$p//) {
457 # Return a component if only one matches.
459 my ( $c, @prefixes ) = @_;
461 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
463 my ( $comp, $rest ) =
464 map { $c->_comp_search("^${appclass}::${_}::") } @prefixes;
465 return $comp unless $rest;
468 # Filter a component before returning by calling ACCEPT_CONTEXT if available
469 sub _filter_component {
470 my ( $c, $comp, @args ) = @_;
471 if ( eval { $comp->can('ACCEPT_CONTEXT'); } ) {
472 return $comp->ACCEPT_CONTEXT( $c, @args );
474 else { return $comp }
477 =head2 COMPONENT ACCESSORS
479 =head2 $c->controller($name)
481 Gets a L<Catalyst::Controller> instance by name.
483 $c->controller('Foo')->do_stuff;
485 If the name is omitted, will return the controller for the dispatched
491 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
492 return $c->_filter_component( $c->_comp_prefixes( $name, qw/Controller C/ ),
495 return $c->component( $c->action->class );
498 =head2 $c->model($name)
500 Gets a L<Catalyst::Model> instance by name.
502 $c->model('Foo')->do_stuff;
504 If the name is omitted, it will look for
505 - a model object in $c->stash{current_model_instance}, then
506 - a model name in $c->stash->{current_model}, then
507 - a config setting 'default_model', or
508 - check if there is only one model, and return it if that's the case.
513 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
514 return $c->_filter_component( $c->_comp_prefixes( $name, qw/Model M/ ),
518 return $c->stash->{current_model_instance}
519 if $c->stash->{current_model_instance};
520 return $c->model( $c->stash->{current_model} )
521 if $c->stash->{current_model};
522 return $c->model( $c->config->{default_model} )
523 if $c->config->{default_model};
525 return $c->_filter_component( $c->_comp_singular(qw/Model M/), @args );
529 =head2 $c->controllers
531 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->controller
537 return $c->_comp_names(qw/Controller C/);
541 =head2 $c->view($name)
543 Gets a L<Catalyst::View> instance by name.
545 $c->view('Foo')->do_stuff;
547 If the name is omitted, it will look for
548 - a view object in $c->stash{current_view_instance}, then
549 - a view name in $c->stash->{current_view}, then
550 - a config setting 'default_view', or
551 - check if there is only one view, and return it if that's the case.
556 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
557 return $c->_filter_component( $c->_comp_prefixes( $name, qw/View V/ ),
561 return $c->stash->{current_view_instance}
562 if $c->stash->{current_view_instance};
563 return $c->view( $c->stash->{current_view} )
564 if $c->stash->{current_view};
565 return $c->view( $c->config->{default_view} )
566 if $c->config->{default_view};
568 return $c->_filter_component( $c->_comp_singular(qw/View V/) );
573 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->model
579 return $c->_comp_names(qw/Model M/);
585 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->view
591 return $c->_comp_names(qw/View V/);
594 =head2 $c->comp($name)
596 =head2 $c->component($name)
598 Gets a component object by name. This method is no longer recommended,
599 unless you want to get a specific component by full
600 class. C<$c-E<gt>controller>, C<$c-E<gt>model>, and C<$c-E<gt>view>
601 should be used instead.
612 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
615 $name, "${appclass}::${name}",
616 map { "${appclass}::${_}::${name}" }
617 qw/Model M Controller C View V/
620 my $comp = $c->_comp_explicit(@names);
621 return $c->_filter_component( $comp, @_ ) if defined($comp);
623 $comp = $c->_comp_search($name);
624 return $c->_filter_component( $comp, @_ ) if defined($comp);
627 return sort keys %{ $c->components };
632 =head2 CLASS DATA AND HELPER CLASSES
636 Returns or takes a hashref containing the application's configuration.
638 __PACKAGE__->config( { db => 'dsn:SQLite:foo.db' } );
640 You can also use a L<YAML> config file like myapp.yml in your
641 applications home directory.
644 db: dsn:SQLite:foo.db
652 $c->log->warn("Setting config after setup has been run is not a good idea.")
653 if ( @_ and $c->setup_finished );
655 $c->NEXT::config(@_);
660 Returns the logging object instance. Unless it is already set, Catalyst
661 sets this up with a L<Catalyst::Log> object. To use your own log class,
662 set the logger with the C<< __PACKAGE__->log >> method prior to calling
663 C<< __PACKAGE__->setup >>.
665 __PACKAGE__->log( MyLogger->new );
670 $c->log->info( 'Now logging with my own logger!' );
672 Your log class should implement the methods described in
678 Overload to enable debug messages (same as -Debug option).
680 Note that this is a static method, not an accessor and should be overloaded
681 by declaring "sub debug { 1 }" in your MyApp.pm, not by calling $c->debug(1).
687 =head2 $c->dispatcher
689 Returns the dispatcher instance. Stringifies to class name. See
690 L<Catalyst::Dispatcher>.
694 Returns the engine instance. Stringifies to the class name. See
698 =head2 UTILITY METHODS
700 =head2 $c->path_to(@path)
702 Merges C<@path> with C<$c-E<gt>config-E<gt>{home}> and returns a
703 L<Path::Class> object.
707 $c->path_to( 'db', 'sqlite.db' );
712 my ( $c, @path ) = @_;
713 my $path = Path::Class::Dir->new( $c->config->{home}, @path );
714 if ( -d $path ) { return $path }
715 else { return Path::Class::File->new( $c->config->{home}, @path ) }
718 =head2 $c->plugin( $name, $class, @args )
720 Helper method for plugins. It creates a classdata accessor/mutator and
721 loads and instantiates the given class.
723 MyApp->plugin( 'prototype', 'HTML::Prototype' );
725 $c->prototype->define_javascript_functions;
730 my ( $class, $name, $plugin, @args ) = @_;
731 $class->_register_plugin( $plugin, 1 );
733 eval { $plugin->import };
734 $class->mk_classdata($name);
736 eval { $obj = $plugin->new(@args) };
739 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
740 qq/Couldn't instantiate instant plugin "$plugin", "$@"/ );
744 $class->log->debug(qq/Initialized instant plugin "$plugin" as "$name"/)
750 Initializes the dispatcher and engine, loads any plugins, and loads the
751 model, view, and controller components. You may also specify an array
752 of plugins to load here, if you choose to not load them in the C<use
756 MyApp->setup( qw/-Debug/ );
761 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
763 $class->log->warn("Running setup twice is not a good idea.")
764 if ( $class->setup_finished );
766 unless ( $class->isa('Catalyst') ) {
768 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
769 message => qq/'$class' does not inherit from Catalyst/ );
772 if ( $class->arguments ) {
773 @arguments = ( @arguments, @{ $class->arguments } );
779 foreach (@arguments) {
783 ( $flags->{log} ) ? 'debug,' . $flags->{log} : 'debug';
785 elsif (/^-(\w+)=?(.*)$/) {
786 $flags->{ lc $1 } = $2;
789 push @{ $flags->{plugins} }, $_;
793 $class->setup_home( delete $flags->{home} );
795 $class->setup_log( delete $flags->{log} );
796 $class->setup_plugins( delete $flags->{plugins} );
797 $class->setup_dispatcher( delete $flags->{dispatcher} );
798 $class->setup_engine( delete $flags->{engine} );
800 for my $flag ( sort keys %{$flags} ) {
802 if ( my $code = $class->can( 'setup_' . $flag ) ) {
803 &$code( $class, delete $flags->{$flag} );
806 $class->log->warn(qq/Unknown flag "$flag"/);
810 eval { require Catalyst::Devel; };
811 if( !$@ && $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} && ( $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} < $Catalyst::Devel::CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN ) ) {
812 $class->log->warn(<<"EOF");
813 You are running an old script!
815 Please update by running (this will overwrite existing files):
816 catalyst.pl -force -scripts $class
818 or (this will not overwrite existing files):
819 catalyst.pl -scripts $class
823 if ( $class->debug ) {
824 my @plugins = map { "$_ " . ( $_->VERSION || '' ) } $class->registered_plugins;
827 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new(74);
828 $t->row($_) for @plugins;
829 $class->log->debug( "Loaded plugins:\n" . $t->draw );
832 my $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher;
833 my $engine = $class->engine;
834 my $home = $class->config->{home};
836 $class->log->debug(qq/Loaded dispatcher "$dispatcher"/);
837 $class->log->debug(qq/Loaded engine "$engine"/);
841 ? $class->log->debug(qq/Found home "$home"/)
842 : $class->log->debug(qq/Home "$home" doesn't exist/)
843 : $class->log->debug(q/Couldn't find home/);
848 no warnings qw/redefine/;
849 local *setup = sub { };
853 # Initialize our data structure
854 $class->components( {} );
856 $class->setup_components;
858 if ( $class->debug ) {
859 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 63, 'Class' ], [ 8, 'Type' ] );
860 for my $comp ( sort keys %{ $class->components } ) {
861 my $type = ref $class->components->{$comp} ? 'instance' : 'class';
862 $t->row( $comp, $type );
864 $class->log->debug( "Loaded components:\n" . $t->draw )
865 if ( keys %{ $class->components } );
868 # Add our self to components, since we are also a component
869 $class->components->{$class} = $class;
871 $class->setup_actions;
873 if ( $class->debug ) {
874 my $name = $class->config->{name} || 'Application';
875 $class->log->info("$name powered by Catalyst $Catalyst::VERSION");
877 $class->log->_flush() if $class->log->can('_flush');
879 $class->setup_finished(1);
882 =head2 $c->uri_for( $path, @args?, \%query_values? )
884 Merges path with C<< $c->request->base >> for absolute URIs and with
885 C<< $c->namespace >> for relative URIs, then returns a normalized L<URI>
886 object. If any args are passed, they are added at the end of the path.
887 If the last argument to C<uri_for> is a hash reference, it is assumed to
888 contain GET parameter key/value pairs, which will be appended to the URI
891 Instead of C<$path>, you can also optionally pass a C<$action> object
892 which will be resolved to a path using
893 C<< $c->dispatcher->uri_for_action >>; if the first element of
894 C<@args> is an arrayref it is treated as a list of captures to be passed
895 to C<uri_for_action>.
900 my ( $c, $path, @args ) = @_;
901 my $base = $c->request->base->clone;
902 my $basepath = $base->path;
903 $basepath =~ s/\/$//;
905 my $namespace = $c->namespace || '';
907 if ( Scalar::Util::blessed($path) ) { # action object
908 my $captures = ( scalar @args && ref $args[0] eq 'ARRAY'
911 $path = $c->dispatcher->uri_for_action($path, $captures);
912 return undef unless defined($path);
913 $path = '/' if $path eq '';
916 # massage namespace, empty if absolute path
917 $namespace =~ s/^\/// if $namespace;
918 $namespace .= '/' if $namespace;
920 $namespace = '' if $path =~ /^\//;
924 ( scalar @args && ref $args[$#args] eq 'HASH' ? pop @args : {} );
926 for my $value ( values %$params ) {
927 for ( ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ? @$value : $value ) {
933 # join args with '/', or a blank string
934 my $args = ( scalar @args ? '/' . join( '/', @args ) : '' );
935 $args =~ s/^\/// unless $path;
937 URI->new_abs( URI->new_abs( "$path$args", "$basepath$namespace" ), $base )
939 $res->query_form(%$params);
943 =head2 $c->welcome_message
945 Returns the Catalyst welcome HTML page.
949 sub welcome_message {
951 my $name = $c->config->{name};
952 my $logo = $c->uri_for('/static/images/catalyst_logo.png');
953 my $prefix = Catalyst::Utils::appprefix( ref $c );
954 $c->response->content_type('text/html; charset=utf-8');
956 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
957 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
958 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
960 <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en" />
961 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
962 <title>$name on Catalyst $VERSION</title>
963 <style type="text/css">
966 background-color: #eee;
975 background-color: #ccc;
976 border: 1px solid #aaa;
981 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
984 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
987 text-decoration: none;
989 border-bottom: 1px dotted #bbb;
991 :link:hover, :visited:hover {
1004 background-color: #fff;
1005 border: 1px solid #aaa;
1009 font-weight: normal;
1031 <h1><span id="appname">$name</span> on <a href="http://catalyst.perl.org">Catalyst</a>
1036 <img src="$logo" alt="Catalyst Logo" />
1038 <p>Welcome to the wonderful world of Catalyst.
1039 This <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MVC">MVC</a>
1040 framework will make web development something you had
1041 never expected it to be: Fun, rewarding, and quick.</p>
1042 <h2>What to do now?</h2>
1043 <p>That really depends on what <b>you</b> want to do.
1044 We do, however, provide you with a few starting points.</p>
1045 <p>If you want to jump right into web development with Catalyst
1046 you might want to check out the documentation.</p>
1047 <pre><code>perldoc <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/dist/Catalyst/lib/Catalyst/Manual/Intro.pod">Catalyst::Manual::Intro</a>
1048 perldoc <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/dist/Catalyst/lib/Catalyst/Manual/Tutorial.pod">Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial</a></code>
1049 perldoc <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/dist/Catalyst/lib/Catalyst/Manual.pod">Catalyst::Manual</a></code></pre>
1050 <h2>What to do next?</h2>
1051 <p>Next it's time to write an actual application. Use the
1052 helper scripts to generate <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AController%3A%3A&mode=all">controllers</a>,
1053 <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AModel%3A%3A&mode=all">models</a>, and
1054 <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AView%3A%3A&mode=all">views</a>;
1055 they can save you a lot of work.</p>
1056 <pre><code>script/${prefix}_create.pl -help</code></pre>
1057 <p>Also, be sure to check out the vast and growing
1058 collection of <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3APlugin%3A%3A&mode=all">plugins for Catalyst on CPAN</a>;
1059 you are likely to find what you need there.
1063 <p>Catalyst has a very active community. Here are the main places to
1064 get in touch with us.</p>
1067 <a href="http://dev.catalyst.perl.org">Wiki</a>
1070 <a href="http://lists.rawmode.org/mailman/listinfo/catalyst">Mailing-List</a>
1073 <a href="irc://irc.perl.org/catalyst">IRC channel #catalyst on irc.perl.org</a>
1076 <h2>In conclusion</h2>
1077 <p>The Catalyst team hopes you will enjoy using Catalyst as much
1078 as we enjoyed making it. Please contact us if you have ideas
1079 for improvement or other feedback.</p>
1087 =head1 INTERNAL METHODS
1089 These methods are not meant to be used by end users.
1091 =head2 $c->components
1093 Returns a hash of components.
1095 =head2 $c->context_class
1097 Returns or sets the context class.
1101 Returns a hashref containing coderefs and execution counts (needed for
1102 deep recursion detection).
1106 Returns the number of actions on the current internal execution stack.
1110 Dispatches a request to actions.
1114 sub dispatch { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->dispatch( $c, @_ ) }
1116 =head2 $c->dispatcher_class
1118 Returns or sets the dispatcher class.
1120 =head2 $c->dump_these
1122 Returns a list of 2-element array references (name, structure) pairs
1123 that will be dumped on the error page in debug mode.
1129 [ Request => $c->req ],
1130 [ Response => $c->res ],
1131 [ Stash => $c->stash ],
1132 [ Config => $c->config ];
1135 =head2 $c->engine_class
1137 Returns or sets the engine class.
1139 =head2 $c->execute( $class, $coderef )
1141 Execute a coderef in given class and catch exceptions. Errors are available
1147 my ( $c, $class, $code ) = @_;
1148 $class = $c->component($class) || $class;
1151 if ( $c->depth >= $RECURSION ) {
1152 my $action = "$code";
1153 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /->/;
1154 my $error = qq/Deep recursion detected calling "$action"/;
1155 $c->log->error($error);
1161 my $stats_info = $c->_stats_start_execute( $code ) if $c->debug;
1163 push( @{ $c->stack }, $code );
1165 eval { $c->state( &$code( $class, $c, @{ $c->req->args } ) || 0 ) };
1167 $c->_stats_finish_execute( $stats_info ) if $c->debug and $stats_info;
1169 my $last = pop( @{ $c->stack } );
1171 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1172 if ( !ref($error) and $error eq $DETACH ) { die $DETACH if $c->depth > 1 }
1174 unless ( ref $error ) {
1175 no warnings 'uninitialized';
1177 my $class = $last->class;
1178 my $name = $last->name;
1179 $error = qq/Caught exception in $class->$name "$error"/;
1188 sub _stats_start_execute {
1189 my ( $c, $code ) = @_;
1191 return if ( ( $code->name =~ /^_.*/ )
1192 && ( !$c->config->{show_internal_actions} ) );
1194 $c->counter->{"$code"}++;
1196 my $action = "$code";
1197 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /->/;
1199 # determine if the call was the result of a forward
1200 # this is done by walking up the call stack and looking for a calling
1201 # sub of Catalyst::forward before the eval
1203 for my $index ( 2 .. 11 ) {
1205 if ( ( caller($index) )[0] eq 'Catalyst'
1206 && ( caller($index) )[3] eq '(eval)' );
1208 if ( ( caller($index) )[3] =~ /forward$/ ) {
1209 $callsub = ( caller($index) )[3];
1210 $action = "-> $action";
1215 my $node = Tree::Simple->new(
1218 elapsed => undef, # to be filled in later
1222 $node->setUID( "$code" . $c->counter->{"$code"} );
1224 # is this a root-level call or a forwarded call?
1225 if ( $callsub =~ /forward$/ ) {
1227 # forward, locate the caller
1228 if ( my $parent = $c->stack->[-1] ) {
1229 my $visitor = Tree::Simple::Visitor::FindByUID->new;
1230 $visitor->searchForUID(
1231 "$parent" . $c->counter->{"$parent"} );
1232 $c->stats->accept($visitor);
1233 if ( my $result = $visitor->getResult ) {
1234 $result->addChild($node);
1239 # forward with no caller may come from a plugin
1240 $c->stats->addChild($node);
1246 $c->stats->addChild($node);
1250 start => [gettimeofday],
1255 sub _stats_finish_execute {
1256 my ( $c, $info ) = @_;
1257 my $elapsed = tv_interval $info->{start};
1258 my $value = $info->{node}->getNodeValue;
1259 $value->{elapsed} = sprintf( '%fs', $elapsed );
1262 =head2 $c->_localize_fields( sub { }, \%keys );
1266 sub _localize_fields {
1267 my ( $c, $localized, $code ) = ( @_ );
1269 my $request = delete $localized->{request} || {};
1270 my $response = delete $localized->{response} || {};
1272 local @{ $c }{ keys %$localized } = values %$localized;
1273 local @{ $c->request }{ keys %$request } = values %$request;
1274 local @{ $c->response }{ keys %$response } = values %$response;
1281 Finalizes the request.
1288 for my $error ( @{ $c->error } ) {
1289 $c->log->error($error);
1292 # Allow engine to handle finalize flow (for POE)
1293 if ( $c->engine->can('finalize') ) {
1294 $c->engine->finalize($c);
1298 $c->finalize_uploads;
1301 if ( $#{ $c->error } >= 0 ) {
1305 $c->finalize_headers;
1308 if ( $c->request->method eq 'HEAD' ) {
1309 $c->response->body('');
1316 my $elapsed = sprintf '%f', tv_interval($c->stats->getNodeValue);
1317 my $av = sprintf '%.3f', ( $elapsed == 0 ? '??' : ( 1 / $elapsed ) );
1319 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 62, 'Action' ], [ 9, 'Time' ] );
1320 $c->stats->traverse(
1323 my $stat = $action->getNodeValue;
1324 $t->row( ( q{ } x $action->getDepth ) . $stat->{action} . $stat->{comment},
1325 $stat->{elapsed} || '??' );
1330 "Request took ${elapsed}s ($av/s)\n" . $t->draw );
1333 return $c->response->status;
1336 =head2 $c->finalize_body
1342 sub finalize_body { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_body( $c, @_ ) }
1344 =head2 $c->finalize_cookies
1350 sub finalize_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_cookies( $c, @_ ) }
1352 =head2 $c->finalize_error
1358 sub finalize_error { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_error( $c, @_ ) }
1360 =head2 $c->finalize_headers
1366 sub finalize_headers {
1369 # Check if we already finalized headers
1370 return if $c->response->{_finalized_headers};
1373 if ( my $location = $c->response->redirect ) {
1374 $c->log->debug(qq/Redirecting to "$location"/) if $c->debug;
1375 $c->response->header( Location => $location );
1379 if ( $c->response->body && !$c->response->content_length ) {
1381 # get the length from a filehandle
1382 if ( blessed( $c->response->body ) && $c->response->body->can('read') )
1384 if ( my $stat = stat $c->response->body ) {
1385 $c->response->content_length( $stat->size );
1388 $c->log->warn('Serving filehandle without a content-length');
1392 $c->response->content_length( bytes::length( $c->response->body ) );
1397 if ( $c->response->status =~ /^(1\d\d|[23]04)$/ ) {
1398 $c->response->headers->remove_header("Content-Length");
1399 $c->response->body('');
1402 $c->finalize_cookies;
1404 $c->engine->finalize_headers( $c, @_ );
1407 $c->response->{_finalized_headers} = 1;
1410 =head2 $c->finalize_output
1412 An alias for finalize_body.
1414 =head2 $c->finalize_read
1416 Finalizes the input after reading is complete.
1420 sub finalize_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_read( $c, @_ ) }
1422 =head2 $c->finalize_uploads
1424 Finalizes uploads. Cleans up any temporary files.
1428 sub finalize_uploads { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_uploads( $c, @_ ) }
1430 =head2 $c->get_action( $action, $namespace )
1432 Gets an action in a given namespace.
1436 sub get_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_action(@_) }
1438 =head2 $c->get_actions( $action, $namespace )
1440 Gets all actions of a given name in a namespace and all parent
1445 sub get_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_actions( $c, @_ ) }
1447 =head2 $c->handle_request( $class, @arguments )
1449 Called to handle each HTTP request.
1453 sub handle_request {
1454 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
1456 # Always expect worst case!
1459 if ($class->debug) {
1460 my $secs = time - $START || 1;
1461 my $av = sprintf '%.3f', $COUNT / $secs;
1462 my $time = localtime time;
1463 $class->log->info("*** Request $COUNT ($av/s) [$$] [$time] ***");
1466 my $c = $class->prepare(@arguments);
1468 $status = $c->finalize;
1471 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1473 $class->log->error(qq/Caught exception in engine "$error"/);
1477 $class->log->_flush() if $class->log->can('_flush');
1481 =head2 $c->prepare( @arguments )
1483 Creates a Catalyst context from an engine-specific request (Apache, CGI,
1489 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
1491 $class->context_class( ref $class || $class ) unless $class->context_class;
1492 my $c = $class->context_class->new(
1496 request => $class->request_class->new(
1499 body_parameters => {},
1501 headers => HTTP::Headers->new,
1503 query_parameters => {},
1509 response => $class->response_class->new(
1513 headers => HTTP::Headers->new(),
1523 $c->stats(Tree::Simple->new([gettimeofday]));
1524 $c->res->headers->header( 'X-Catalyst' => $Catalyst::VERSION );
1527 # For on-demand data
1528 $c->request->{_context} = $c;
1529 $c->response->{_context} = $c;
1530 weaken( $c->request->{_context} );
1531 weaken( $c->response->{_context} );
1533 # Allow engine to direct the prepare flow (for POE)
1534 if ( $c->engine->can('prepare') ) {
1535 $c->engine->prepare( $c, @arguments );
1538 $c->prepare_request(@arguments);
1539 $c->prepare_connection;
1540 $c->prepare_query_parameters;
1541 $c->prepare_headers;
1542 $c->prepare_cookies;
1546 $c->prepare_body unless $c->config->{parse_on_demand};
1549 my $method = $c->req->method || '';
1550 my $path = $c->req->path || '/';
1551 my $address = $c->req->address || '';
1553 $c->log->debug(qq/"$method" request for "$path" from "$address"/)
1561 =head2 $c->prepare_action
1563 Prepares action. See L<Catalyst::Dispatcher>.
1567 sub prepare_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->prepare_action( $c, @_ ) }
1569 =head2 $c->prepare_body
1571 Prepares message body.
1578 # Do we run for the first time?
1579 return if defined $c->request->{_body};
1581 # Initialize on-demand data
1582 $c->engine->prepare_body( $c, @_ );
1583 $c->prepare_parameters;
1584 $c->prepare_uploads;
1586 if ( $c->debug && keys %{ $c->req->body_parameters } ) {
1587 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 35, 'Parameter' ], [ 36, 'Value' ] );
1588 for my $key ( sort keys %{ $c->req->body_parameters } ) {
1589 my $param = $c->req->body_parameters->{$key};
1590 my $value = defined($param) ? $param : '';
1592 ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ? ( join ', ', @$value ) : $value );
1594 $c->log->debug( "Body Parameters are:\n" . $t->draw );
1598 =head2 $c->prepare_body_chunk( $chunk )
1600 Prepares a chunk of data before sending it to L<HTTP::Body>.
1602 See L<Catalyst::Engine>.
1606 sub prepare_body_chunk {
1608 $c->engine->prepare_body_chunk( $c, @_ );
1611 =head2 $c->prepare_body_parameters
1613 Prepares body parameters.
1617 sub prepare_body_parameters {
1619 $c->engine->prepare_body_parameters( $c, @_ );
1622 =head2 $c->prepare_connection
1624 Prepares connection.
1628 sub prepare_connection {
1630 $c->engine->prepare_connection( $c, @_ );
1633 =head2 $c->prepare_cookies
1639 sub prepare_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_cookies( $c, @_ ) }
1641 =head2 $c->prepare_headers
1647 sub prepare_headers { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_headers( $c, @_ ) }
1649 =head2 $c->prepare_parameters
1651 Prepares parameters.
1655 sub prepare_parameters {
1657 $c->prepare_body_parameters;
1658 $c->engine->prepare_parameters( $c, @_ );
1661 =head2 $c->prepare_path
1663 Prepares path and base.
1667 sub prepare_path { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_path( $c, @_ ) }
1669 =head2 $c->prepare_query_parameters
1671 Prepares query parameters.
1675 sub prepare_query_parameters {
1678 $c->engine->prepare_query_parameters( $c, @_ );
1680 if ( $c->debug && keys %{ $c->request->query_parameters } ) {
1681 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 35, 'Parameter' ], [ 36, 'Value' ] );
1682 for my $key ( sort keys %{ $c->req->query_parameters } ) {
1683 my $param = $c->req->query_parameters->{$key};
1684 my $value = defined($param) ? $param : '';
1686 ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ? ( join ', ', @$value ) : $value );
1688 $c->log->debug( "Query Parameters are:\n" . $t->draw );
1692 =head2 $c->prepare_read
1694 Prepares the input for reading.
1698 sub prepare_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_read( $c, @_ ) }
1700 =head2 $c->prepare_request
1702 Prepares the engine request.
1706 sub prepare_request { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_request( $c, @_ ) }
1708 =head2 $c->prepare_uploads
1714 sub prepare_uploads {
1717 $c->engine->prepare_uploads( $c, @_ );
1719 if ( $c->debug && keys %{ $c->request->uploads } ) {
1720 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new(
1721 [ 12, 'Parameter' ],
1726 for my $key ( sort keys %{ $c->request->uploads } ) {
1727 my $upload = $c->request->uploads->{$key};
1728 for my $u ( ref $upload eq 'ARRAY' ? @{$upload} : ($upload) ) {
1729 $t->row( $key, $u->filename, $u->type, $u->size );
1732 $c->log->debug( "File Uploads are:\n" . $t->draw );
1736 =head2 $c->prepare_write
1738 Prepares the output for writing.
1742 sub prepare_write { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_write( $c, @_ ) }
1744 =head2 $c->request_class
1746 Returns or sets the request class.
1748 =head2 $c->response_class
1750 Returns or sets the response class.
1752 =head2 $c->read( [$maxlength] )
1754 Reads a chunk of data from the request body. This method is designed to
1755 be used in a while loop, reading C<$maxlength> bytes on every call.
1756 C<$maxlength> defaults to the size of the request if not specified.
1758 You have to set C<MyApp-E<gt>config-E<gt>{parse_on_demand}> to use this
1763 sub read { my $c = shift; return $c->engine->read( $c, @_ ) }
1771 sub run { my $c = shift; return $c->engine->run( $c, @_ ) }
1773 =head2 $c->set_action( $action, $code, $namespace, $attrs )
1775 Sets an action in a given namespace.
1779 sub set_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->set_action( $c, @_ ) }
1781 =head2 $c->setup_actions($component)
1783 Sets up actions for a component.
1787 sub setup_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->setup_actions( $c, @_ ) }
1789 =head2 $c->setup_components
1791 Sets up components. Specify a C<setup_components> config option to pass
1792 additional options directly to L<Module::Pluggable>. To add additional
1793 search paths, specify a key named C<search_extra> as an array
1794 reference. Items in the array beginning with C<::> will have the
1795 application class name prepended to them.
1799 sub setup_components {
1802 my @paths = qw( ::Controller ::C ::Model ::M ::View ::V );
1803 my $config = $class->config->{ setup_components };
1804 my $extra = delete $config->{ search_extra } || [];
1806 push @paths, @$extra;
1808 my $locator = Module::Pluggable::Object->new(
1809 search_path => [ map { s/^(?=::)/$class/; $_; } @paths ],
1813 for my $component ( sort { length $a <=> length $b } $locator->plugins ) {
1814 Catalyst::Utils::ensure_class_loaded( $component, { ignore_loaded => 1 } );
1816 my $module = $class->setup_component( $component );
1818 $component => $module,
1820 $_ => $class->setup_component( $_ )
1821 } Devel::InnerPackage::list_packages( $component )
1824 for my $key ( keys %modules ) {
1825 $class->components->{ $key } = $modules{ $key };
1830 =head2 $c->setup_component
1834 sub setup_component {
1835 my( $class, $component ) = @_;
1837 unless ( $component->can( 'COMPONENT' ) ) {
1841 my $suffix = Catalyst::Utils::class2classsuffix( $component );
1842 my $config = $class->config->{ $suffix } || {};
1844 my $instance = eval { $component->COMPONENT( $class, $config ); };
1846 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1848 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
1849 message => qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", "$error"/
1853 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
1855 qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", "COMPONENT() didn't return an object-like value"/
1856 ) unless eval { $instance->can( 'can' ) };
1861 =head2 $c->setup_dispatcher
1867 sub setup_dispatcher {
1868 my ( $class, $dispatcher ) = @_;
1871 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $dispatcher;
1874 if ( $ENV{CATALYST_DISPATCHER} ) {
1875 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $ENV{CATALYST_DISPATCHER};
1878 if ( $ENV{ uc($class) . '_DISPATCHER' } ) {
1880 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $ENV{ uc($class) . '_DISPATCHER' };
1883 unless ($dispatcher) {
1884 $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher_class;
1887 unless (Class::Inspector->loaded($dispatcher)) {
1888 require Class::Inspector->filename($dispatcher);
1891 # dispatcher instance
1892 $class->dispatcher( $dispatcher->new );
1895 =head2 $c->setup_engine
1902 my ( $class, $engine ) = @_;
1905 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::' . $engine;
1908 if ( $ENV{CATALYST_ENGINE} ) {
1909 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::' . $ENV{CATALYST_ENGINE};
1912 if ( $ENV{ uc($class) . '_ENGINE' } ) {
1913 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::' . $ENV{ uc($class) . '_ENGINE' };
1916 if ( $ENV{MOD_PERL} ) {
1918 # create the apache method
1921 *{"$class\::apache"} = sub { shift->engine->apache };
1924 my ( $software, $version ) =
1925 $ENV{MOD_PERL} =~ /^(\S+)\/(\d+(?:[\.\_]\d+)+)/;
1928 $version =~ s/(\.[^.]+)\./$1/g;
1930 if ( $software eq 'mod_perl' ) {
1934 if ( $version >= 1.99922 ) {
1935 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Apache2::MP20';
1938 elsif ( $version >= 1.9901 ) {
1939 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Apache2::MP19';
1942 elsif ( $version >= 1.24 ) {
1943 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Apache::MP13';
1947 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
1948 qq/Unsupported mod_perl version: $ENV{MOD_PERL}/ );
1953 # install the correct mod_perl handler
1954 if ( $version >= 1.9901 ) {
1955 *handler = sub : method {
1956 shift->handle_request(@_);
1960 *handler = sub ($$) { shift->handle_request(@_) };
1965 elsif ( $software eq 'Zeus-Perl' ) {
1966 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Zeus';
1970 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
1971 message => qq/Unsupported mod_perl: $ENV{MOD_PERL}/ );
1976 $engine = $class->engine_class;
1979 unless (Class::Inspector->loaded($engine)) {
1980 require Class::Inspector->filename($engine);
1983 # check for old engines that are no longer compatible
1985 if ( $engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Apache')
1986 && !Catalyst::Engine::Apache->VERSION )
1991 elsif ( $engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Server::Base')
1992 && Catalyst::Engine::Server->VERSION le '0.02' )
1997 elsif ($engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::HTTP::POE')
1998 && $engine->VERSION eq '0.01' )
2003 elsif ($engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Zeus')
2004 && $engine->VERSION eq '0.01' )
2010 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
2011 qq/Engine "$engine" is not supported by this version of Catalyst/
2016 $class->engine( $engine->new );
2019 =head2 $c->setup_home
2021 Sets up the home directory.
2026 my ( $class, $home ) = @_;
2028 if ( $ENV{CATALYST_HOME} ) {
2029 $home = $ENV{CATALYST_HOME};
2032 if ( $ENV{ uc($class) . '_HOME' } ) {
2033 $home = $ENV{ uc($class) . '_HOME' };
2037 $home = Catalyst::Utils::home($class);
2041 $class->config->{home} ||= $home;
2042 $class->config->{root} ||= Path::Class::Dir->new($home)->subdir('root');
2046 =head2 $c->setup_log
2053 my ( $class, $debug ) = @_;
2055 unless ( $class->log ) {
2056 $class->log( Catalyst::Log->new );
2059 my $app_flag = Catalyst::Utils::class2env($class) . '_DEBUG';
2062 ( defined( $ENV{CATALYST_DEBUG} ) || defined( $ENV{$app_flag} ) )
2063 ? ( $ENV{CATALYST_DEBUG} || $ENV{$app_flag} )
2068 *{"$class\::debug"} = sub { 1 };
2069 $class->log->debug('Debug messages enabled');
2073 =head2 $c->setup_plugins
2079 =head2 $c->registered_plugins
2081 Returns a sorted list of the plugins which have either been stated in the
2082 import list or which have been added via C<< MyApp->plugin(@args); >>.
2084 If passed a given plugin name, it will report a boolean value indicating
2085 whether or not that plugin is loaded. A fully qualified name is required if
2086 the plugin name does not begin with C<Catalyst::Plugin::>.
2088 if ($c->registered_plugins('Some::Plugin')) {
2096 sub registered_plugins {
2098 return sort keys %{ $proto->_plugins } unless @_;
2100 return 1 if exists $proto->_plugins->{$plugin};
2101 return exists $proto->_plugins->{"Catalyst::Plugin::$plugin"};
2104 sub _register_plugin {
2105 my ( $proto, $plugin, $instant ) = @_;
2106 my $class = ref $proto || $proto;
2108 unless (Class::Inspector->loaded($plugin)) {
2109 require Class::Inspector->filename($plugin);
2112 $proto->_plugins->{$plugin} = 1;
2115 unshift @{"$class\::ISA"}, $plugin;
2121 my ( $class, $plugins ) = @_;
2123 $class->_plugins( {} ) unless $class->_plugins;
2125 for my $plugin ( reverse @$plugins ) {
2127 unless ( $plugin =~ s/\A\+// ) {
2128 $plugin = "Catalyst::Plugin::$plugin";
2131 $class->_register_plugin($plugin);
2138 Returns an arrayref of the internal execution stack (actions that are
2139 currently executing).
2141 =head2 $c->write( $data )
2143 Writes $data to the output stream. When using this method directly, you
2144 will need to manually set the C<Content-Length> header to the length of
2145 your output data, if known.
2152 # Finalize headers if someone manually writes output
2153 $c->finalize_headers;
2155 return $c->engine->write( $c, @_ );
2160 Returns the Catalyst version number. Mostly useful for "powered by"
2161 messages in template systems.
2165 sub version { return $Catalyst::VERSION }
2167 =head1 INTERNAL ACTIONS
2169 Catalyst uses internal actions like C<_DISPATCH>, C<_BEGIN>, C<_AUTO>,
2170 C<_ACTION>, and C<_END>. These are by default not shown in the private
2171 action table, but you can make them visible with a config parameter.
2173 MyApp->config->{show_internal_actions} = 1;
2175 =head1 CASE SENSITIVITY
2177 By default Catalyst is not case sensitive, so C<MyApp::C::FOO::Bar> is
2178 mapped to C</foo/bar>. You can activate case sensitivity with a config
2181 MyApp->config->{case_sensitive} = 1;
2183 This causes C<MyApp::C::Foo::Bar> to map to C</Foo/Bar>.
2185 =head1 ON-DEMAND PARSER
2187 The request body is usually parsed at the beginning of a request,
2188 but if you want to handle input yourself or speed things up a bit,
2189 you can enable on-demand parsing with a config parameter.
2191 MyApp->config->{parse_on_demand} = 1;
2193 =head1 PROXY SUPPORT
2195 Many production servers operate using the common double-server approach,
2196 with a lightweight frontend web server passing requests to a larger
2197 backend server. An application running on the backend server must deal
2198 with two problems: the remote user always appears to be C<127.0.0.1> and
2199 the server's hostname will appear to be C<localhost> regardless of the
2200 virtual host that the user connected through.
2202 Catalyst will automatically detect this situation when you are running
2203 the frontend and backend servers on the same machine. The following
2204 changes are made to the request.
2206 $c->req->address is set to the user's real IP address, as read from
2207 the HTTP X-Forwarded-For header.
2209 The host value for $c->req->base and $c->req->uri is set to the real
2210 host, as read from the HTTP X-Forwarded-Host header.
2212 Obviously, your web server must support these headers for this to work.
2214 In a more complex server farm environment where you may have your
2215 frontend proxy server(s) on different machines, you will need to set a
2216 configuration option to tell Catalyst to read the proxied data from the
2219 MyApp->config->{using_frontend_proxy} = 1;
2221 If you do not wish to use the proxy support at all, you may set:
2223 MyApp->config->{ignore_frontend_proxy} = 1;
2225 =head1 THREAD SAFETY
2227 Catalyst has been tested under Apache 2's threading C<mpm_worker>,
2228 C<mpm_winnt>, and the standalone forking HTTP server on Windows. We
2229 believe the Catalyst core to be thread-safe.
2231 If you plan to operate in a threaded environment, remember that all other
2232 modules you are using must also be thread-safe. Some modules, most notably
2233 L<DBD::SQLite>, are not thread-safe.
2239 Join #catalyst on irc.perl.org.
2243 http://lists.rawmode.org/mailman/listinfo/catalyst
2244 http://lists.rawmode.org/mailman/listinfo/catalyst-dev
2248 http://catalyst.perl.org
2252 http://dev.catalyst.perl.org
2256 =head2 L<Task::Catalyst> - All you need to start with Catalyst
2258 =head2 L<Catalyst::Manual> - The Catalyst Manual
2260 =head2 L<Catalyst::Component>, L<Catalyst::Base> - Base classes for components
2262 =head2 L<Catalyst::Engine> - Core engine
2264 =head2 L<Catalyst::Log> - Log class.
2266 =head2 L<Catalyst::Request> - Request object
2268 =head2 L<Catalyst::Response> - Response object
2270 =head2 L<Catalyst::Test> - The test suite.
2342 Sebastian Riedel, C<sri@oook.de>
2346 This library is free software, you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
2347 the same terms as Perl itself.