4 use Moose::Meta::Class ();
5 extends 'Catalyst::Component';
6 use Moose::Util qw/find_meta/;
7 use namespace::clean -except => 'meta';
8 use Catalyst::Exception;
9 use Catalyst::Exception::Detach;
10 use Catalyst::Exception::Go;
12 use Catalyst::Request;
13 use Catalyst::Request::Upload;
14 use Catalyst::Response;
16 use Catalyst::Controller;
18 use Devel::InnerPackage ();
19 use Module::Pluggable::Object ();
20 use Text::SimpleTable ();
21 use Path::Class::Dir ();
22 use Path::Class::File ();
27 use Tree::Simple qw/use_weak_refs/;
28 use Tree::Simple::Visitor::FindByUID;
29 use Class::C3::Adopt::NEXT;
30 use List::MoreUtils qw/uniq/;
32 use String::RewritePrefix;
33 use Catalyst::EngineLoader;
35 use Carp qw/croak carp shortmess/;
38 use Moose::Util 'find_meta';
39 use Plack::Middleware::Conditional;
40 use Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy;
41 use Plack::Middleware::IIS6ScriptNameFix;
42 use Plack::Middleware::IIS7KeepAliveFix;
43 use Plack::Middleware::LighttpdScriptNameFix;
44 use Plack::Middleware::ContentLength;
45 use Plack::Middleware::Head;
46 use Plack::Middleware::HTTPExceptions;
47 use Plack::Middleware::FixMissingBodyInRedirect;
48 use Plack::Middleware::MethodOverride;
49 use Plack::Middleware::RemoveRedundantBody;
50 use Catalyst::Middleware::Stash;
52 use Class::Load 'load_class';
54 BEGIN { require 5.008003; }
56 has stack => (is => 'ro', default => sub { [] });
57 has state => (is => 'rw', default => 0);
58 has stats => (is => 'rw');
59 has action => (is => 'rw');
60 has counter => (is => 'rw', default => sub { {} });
65 $self->request_class->new($self->_build_request_constructor_args);
69 sub _build_request_constructor_args {
71 my %p = ( _log => $self->log );
72 $p{_uploadtmp} = $self->_uploadtmp if $self->_has_uploadtmp;
73 $p{data_handlers} = {$self->registered_data_handlers};
74 $p{_use_hash_multivalue} = $self->config->{use_hash_multivalue_in_request}
75 if $self->config->{use_hash_multivalue_in_request};
83 $self->response_class->new($self->_build_response_constructor_args);
87 sub _build_response_constructor_args {
89 { _log => $self->log };
92 has namespace => (is => 'rw');
94 sub depth { scalar @{ shift->stack || [] }; }
95 sub comp { shift->component(@_) }
98 my $self = shift; return $self->request(@_);
101 my $self = shift; return $self->response(@_);
104 # For backwards compatibility
105 sub finalize_output { shift->finalize_body(@_) };
110 our $RECURSION = 1000;
111 our $DETACH = Catalyst::Exception::Detach->new;
112 our $GO = Catalyst::Exception::Go->new;
114 #I imagine that very few of these really need to be class variables. if any.
115 #maybe we should just make them attributes with a default?
116 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata($_)
117 for qw/components arguments dispatcher engine log dispatcher_class
118 engine_loader context_class request_class response_class stats_class
119 setup_finished _psgi_app loading_psgi_file run_options _psgi_middleware
122 __PACKAGE__->dispatcher_class('Catalyst::Dispatcher');
123 __PACKAGE__->request_class('Catalyst::Request');
124 __PACKAGE__->response_class('Catalyst::Response');
125 __PACKAGE__->stats_class('Catalyst::Stats');
127 # Remember to update this in Catalyst::Runtime as well!
129 our $VERSION = '5.90069_002';
132 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
134 # We have to limit $class to Catalyst to avoid pushing Catalyst upon every
136 return unless $class eq 'Catalyst';
138 my $caller = caller();
139 return if $caller eq 'main';
141 my $meta = Moose::Meta::Class->initialize($caller);
142 unless ( $caller->isa('Catalyst') ) {
143 my @superclasses = ($meta->superclasses, $class, 'Catalyst::Controller');
144 $meta->superclasses(@superclasses);
146 # Avoid possible C3 issues if 'Moose::Object' is already on RHS of MyApp
147 $meta->superclasses(grep { $_ ne 'Moose::Object' } $meta->superclasses);
149 unless( $meta->has_method('meta') ){
150 if ($Moose::VERSION >= 1.15) {
151 $meta->_add_meta_method('meta');
154 $meta->add_method(meta => sub { Moose::Meta::Class->initialize("${caller}") } );
158 $caller->arguments( [@arguments] );
162 sub _application { $_[0] }
168 Catalyst - The Elegant MVC Web Application Framework
172 See the L<Catalyst::Manual> distribution for comprehensive
173 documentation and tutorials.
175 # Install Catalyst::Devel for helpers and other development tools
176 # use the helper to create a new application
179 # add models, views, controllers
180 script/myapp_create.pl model MyDatabase DBIC::Schema create=static dbi:SQLite:/path/to/db
181 script/myapp_create.pl view MyTemplate TT
182 script/myapp_create.pl controller Search
184 # built in testserver -- use -r to restart automatically on changes
185 # --help to see all available options
186 script/myapp_server.pl
188 # command line testing interface
189 script/myapp_test.pl /yada
192 use Catalyst qw/-Debug/; # include plugins here as well
194 ### In lib/MyApp/Controller/Root.pm (autocreated)
195 sub foo : Chained('/') Args() { # called for /foo, /foo/1, /foo/1/2, etc.
196 my ( $self, $c, @args ) = @_; # args are qw/1 2/ for /foo/1/2
197 $c->stash->{template} = 'foo.tt'; # set the template
198 # lookup something from db -- stash vars are passed to TT
200 $c->model('Database::Foo')->search( { country => $args[0] } );
201 if ( $c->req->params->{bar} ) { # access GET or POST parameters
202 $c->forward( 'bar' ); # process another action
203 # do something else after forward returns
207 # The foo.tt TT template can use the stash data from the database
208 [% WHILE (item = data.next) %]
212 # called for /bar/of/soap, /bar/of/soap/10, etc.
213 sub bar : Chained('/') PathPart('/bar/of/soap') Args() { ... }
215 # called after all actions are finished
217 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
218 if ( scalar @{ $c->error } ) { ... } # handle errors
219 return if $c->res->body; # already have a response
220 $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' ); # render template
223 See L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro> for additional information.
227 Catalyst is a modern framework for making web applications without the
228 pain usually associated with this process. This document is a reference
229 to the main Catalyst application. If you are a new user, we suggest you
230 start with L<Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial> or L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro>.
232 See L<Catalyst::Manual> for more documentation.
234 Catalyst plugins can be loaded by naming them as arguments to the "use
235 Catalyst" statement. Omit the C<Catalyst::Plugin::> prefix from the
236 plugin name, i.e., C<Catalyst::Plugin::My::Module> becomes
239 use Catalyst qw/My::Module/;
241 If your plugin starts with a name other than C<Catalyst::Plugin::>, you can
242 fully qualify the name by using a unary plus:
246 +Fully::Qualified::Plugin::Name
249 Special flags like C<-Debug> can also be specified as
250 arguments when Catalyst is loaded:
252 use Catalyst qw/-Debug My::Module/;
254 The position of plugins and flags in the chain is important, because
255 they are loaded in the order in which they appear.
257 The following flags are supported:
261 Enables debug output. You can also force this setting from the system
262 environment with CATALYST_DEBUG or <MYAPP>_DEBUG. The environment
263 settings override the application, with <MYAPP>_DEBUG having the highest
266 This sets the log level to 'debug' and enables full debug output on the
267 error screen. If you only want the latter, see L<< $c->debug >>.
271 Forces Catalyst to use a specific home directory, e.g.:
273 use Catalyst qw[-Home=/usr/mst];
275 This can also be done in the shell environment by setting either the
276 C<CATALYST_HOME> environment variable or C<MYAPP_HOME>; where C<MYAPP>
277 is replaced with the uppercased name of your application, any "::" in
278 the name will be replaced with underscores, e.g. MyApp::Web should use
279 MYAPP_WEB_HOME. If both variables are set, the MYAPP_HOME one will be used.
281 If none of these are set, Catalyst will attempt to automatically detect the
282 home directory. If you are working in a development environment, Catalyst
283 will try and find the directory containing either Makefile.PL, Build.PL,
284 dist.ini, or cpanfile. If the application has been installed into the system
285 (i.e. you have done C<make install>), then Catalyst will use the path to your
286 application module, without the .pm extension (e.g., /foo/MyApp if your
287 application was installed at /foo/MyApp.pm)
291 use Catalyst '-Log=warn,fatal,error';
293 Specifies a comma-delimited list of log levels.
297 Enables statistics collection and reporting.
299 use Catalyst qw/-Stats=1/;
301 You can also force this setting from the system environment with CATALYST_STATS
302 or <MYAPP>_STATS. The environment settings override the application, with
303 <MYAPP>_STATS having the highest priority.
305 Stats are also enabled if L<< debugging |/"-Debug" >> is enabled.
309 =head2 INFORMATION ABOUT THE CURRENT REQUEST
313 Returns a L<Catalyst::Action> object for the current action, which
314 stringifies to the action name. See L<Catalyst::Action>.
318 Returns the namespace of the current action, i.e., the URI prefix
319 corresponding to the controller of the current action. For example:
321 # in Controller::Foo::Bar
322 $c->namespace; # returns 'foo/bar';
328 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Request> object, giving access to
329 information about the current client request (including parameters,
330 cookies, HTTP headers, etc.). See L<Catalyst::Request>.
332 =head2 REQUEST FLOW HANDLING
334 =head2 $c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )
336 =head2 $c->forward( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
338 This is one way of calling another action (method) in the same or
339 a different controller. You can also use C<< $self->my_method($c, @args) >>
340 in the same controller or C<< $c->controller('MyController')->my_method($c, @args) >>
341 in a different controller.
342 The main difference is that 'forward' uses some of the Catalyst request
343 cycle overhead, including debugging, which may be useful to you. On the
344 other hand, there are some complications to using 'forward', restrictions
345 on values returned from 'forward', and it may not handle errors as you prefer.
346 Whether you use 'forward' or not is up to you; it is not considered superior to
347 the other ways to call a method.
349 'forward' calls another action, by its private name. If you give a
350 class name but no method, C<process()> is called. You may also optionally
351 pass arguments in an arrayref. The action will receive the arguments in
352 C<@_> and C<< $c->req->args >>. Upon returning from the function,
353 C<< $c->req->args >> will be restored to the previous values.
355 Any data C<return>ed from the action forwarded to, will be returned by the
358 my $foodata = $c->forward('/foo');
359 $c->forward('index');
360 $c->forward(qw/Model::DBIC::Foo do_stuff/);
361 $c->forward('View::TT');
363 Note that L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >> implies
364 an C<< eval { } >> around the call (actually
365 L<< execute|/"$c->execute( $class, $coderef )" >> does), thus rendering all
366 exceptions thrown by the called action non-fatal and pushing them onto
367 $c->error instead. If you want C<die> to propagate you need to do something
371 die join "\n", @{ $c->error } if @{ $c->error };
373 Or make sure to always return true values from your actions and write
376 $c->forward('foo') || return;
378 Another note is that C<< $c->forward >> always returns a scalar because it
379 actually returns $c->state which operates in a scalar context.
380 Thus, something like:
384 in an action that is forwarded to is going to return a scalar,
385 i.e. how many items are in that array, which is probably not what you want.
386 If you need to return an array then return a reference to it,
389 $c->stash->{array} = \@array;
391 and access it from the stash.
393 Keep in mind that the C<end> method used is that of the caller action. So a C<$c-E<gt>detach> inside a forwarded action would run the C<end> method from the original action requested.
397 sub forward { my $c = shift; no warnings 'recursion'; $c->dispatcher->forward( $c, @_ ) }
399 =head2 $c->detach( $action [, \@arguments ] )
401 =head2 $c->detach( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
405 The same as L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>, but
406 doesn't return to the previous action when processing is finished.
408 When called with no arguments it escapes the processing chain entirely.
412 sub detach { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->detach( $c, @_ ) }
414 =head2 $c->visit( $action [, \@arguments ] )
416 =head2 $c->visit( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
418 =head2 $c->visit( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
420 =head2 $c->visit( $class, $method, [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
422 Almost the same as L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>,
423 but does a full dispatch, instead of just calling the new C<$action> /
424 C<< $class->$method >>. This means that C<begin>, C<auto> and the method
425 you go to are called, just like a new request.
427 In addition both C<< $c->action >> and C<< $c->namespace >> are localized.
428 This means, for example, that C<< $c->action >> methods such as
429 L<name|Catalyst::Action/name>, L<class|Catalyst::Action/class> and
430 L<reverse|Catalyst::Action/reverse> return information for the visited action
431 when they are invoked within the visited action. This is different from the
432 behavior of L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>, which
433 continues to use the $c->action object from the caller action even when
434 invoked from the called action.
436 C<< $c->stash >> is kept unchanged.
438 In effect, L<< visit|/"$c->visit( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )" >>
439 allows you to "wrap" another action, just as it would have been called by
440 dispatching from a URL, while the analogous
441 L<< go|/"$c->go( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )" >> allows you to
442 transfer control to another action as if it had been reached directly from a URL.
446 sub visit { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->visit( $c, @_ ) }
448 =head2 $c->go( $action [, \@arguments ] )
450 =head2 $c->go( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
452 =head2 $c->go( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
454 =head2 $c->go( $class, $method, [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
456 The relationship between C<go> and
457 L<< visit|/"$c->visit( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )" >> is the same as
458 the relationship between
459 L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )" >> and
460 L<< detach|/"$c->detach( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>. Like C<< $c->visit >>,
461 C<< $c->go >> will perform a full dispatch on the specified action or method,
462 with localized C<< $c->action >> and C<< $c->namespace >>. Like C<detach>,
463 C<go> escapes the processing of the current request chain on completion, and
464 does not return to its caller.
466 @arguments are arguments to the final destination of $action. @captures are
467 arguments to the intermediate steps, if any, on the way to the final sub of
472 sub go { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->go( $c, @_ ) }
478 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Response> object, see there for details.
482 Returns a hashref to the stash, which may be used to store data and pass
483 it between components during a request. You can also set hash keys by
484 passing arguments. The stash is automatically sent to the view. The
485 stash is cleared at the end of a request; it cannot be used for
486 persistent storage (for this you must use a session; see
487 L<Catalyst::Plugin::Session> for a complete system integrated with
490 $c->stash->{foo} = $bar;
491 $c->stash( { moose => 'majestic', qux => 0 } );
492 $c->stash( bar => 1, gorch => 2 ); # equivalent to passing a hashref
494 # stash is automatically passed to the view for use in a template
495 $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' );
501 my $stash = Catalyst::Middleware::Stash->get($c->req->env);
503 my $new_stash = @_ > 1 ? {@_} : $_[0];
504 croak('stash takes a hash or hashref') unless ref $new_stash;
505 foreach my $key ( keys %$new_stash ) {
506 $stash->{$key} = $new_stash->{$key};
514 =head2 $c->error($error, ...)
516 =head2 $c->error($arrayref)
518 Returns an arrayref containing error messages. If Catalyst encounters an
519 error while processing a request, it stores the error in $c->error. This
520 method should only be used to store fatal error messages.
522 my @error = @{ $c->error };
526 $c->error('Something bad happened');
533 my $error = ref $_[0] eq 'ARRAY' ? $_[0] : [@_];
534 croak @$error unless ref $c;
535 push @{ $c->{error} }, @$error;
537 elsif ( defined $_[0] ) { $c->{error} = undef }
538 return $c->{error} || [];
544 Contains the return value of the last executed action.
545 Note that << $c->state >> operates in a scalar context which means that all
546 values it returns are scalar.
548 =head2 $c->clear_errors
550 Clear errors. You probably don't want to clear the errors unless you are
551 implementing a custom error screen.
553 This is equivalent to running
564 =head2 $c->has_errors
566 Returns true if you have errors
570 sub has_errors { scalar(@{shift->error}) ? 1:0 }
572 sub _comp_search_prefixes {
574 return map $c->components->{ $_ }, $c->_comp_names_search_prefixes(@_);
577 # search components given a name and some prefixes
578 sub _comp_names_search_prefixes {
579 my ( $c, $name, @prefixes ) = @_;
580 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
581 my $filter = "^${appclass}::(" . join( '|', @prefixes ) . ')::';
582 $filter = qr/$filter/; # Compile regex now rather than once per loop
584 # map the original component name to the sub part that we will search against
585 my %eligible = map { my $n = $_; $n =~ s{^$appclass\::[^:]+::}{}; $_ => $n; }
586 grep { /$filter/ } keys %{ $c->components };
588 # undef for a name will return all
589 return keys %eligible if !defined $name;
591 my $query = $name->$_isa('Regexp') ? $name : qr/^$name$/i;
592 my @result = grep { $eligible{$_} =~ m{$query} } keys %eligible;
594 return @result if @result;
596 # if we were given a regexp to search against, we're done.
597 return if $name->$_isa('Regexp');
599 # skip regexp fallback if configured
601 if $appclass->config->{disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback};
605 @result = grep { $eligible{ $_ } =~ m{$query} } keys %eligible;
607 # no results? try against full names
609 @result = grep { m{$query} } keys %eligible;
612 # don't warn if we didn't find any results, it just might not exist
614 # Disgusting hack to work out correct method name
615 my $warn_for = lc $prefixes[0];
616 my $msg = "Used regexp fallback for \$c->${warn_for}('${name}'), which found '" .
617 (join '", "', @result) . "'. Relying on regexp fallback behavior for " .
618 "component resolution is unreliable and unsafe.";
619 my $short = $result[0];
620 # remove the component namespace prefix
621 $short =~ s/.*?(Model|Controller|View):://;
622 my $shortmess = Carp::shortmess('');
623 if ($shortmess =~ m#Catalyst/Plugin#) {
624 $msg .= " You probably need to set '$short' instead of '${name}' in this " .
626 } elsif ($shortmess =~ m#Catalyst/lib/(View|Controller)#) {
627 $msg .= " You probably need to set '$short' instead of '${name}' in this " .
628 "component's config";
630 $msg .= " You probably meant \$c->${warn_for}('$short') instead of \$c->${warn_for}('${name}'), " .
631 "but if you really wanted to search, pass in a regexp as the argument " .
632 "like so: \$c->${warn_for}(qr/${name}/)";
634 $c->log->warn( "${msg}$shortmess" );
640 # Find possible names for a prefix
642 my ( $c, @prefixes ) = @_;
643 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
645 my $filter = "^${appclass}::(" . join( '|', @prefixes ) . ')::';
647 my @names = map { s{$filter}{}; $_; }
648 $c->_comp_names_search_prefixes( undef, @prefixes );
653 # Filter a component before returning by calling ACCEPT_CONTEXT if available
654 sub _filter_component {
655 my ( $c, $comp, @args ) = @_;
657 if ( eval { $comp->can('ACCEPT_CONTEXT'); } ) {
658 return $comp->ACCEPT_CONTEXT( $c, @args );
664 =head2 COMPONENT ACCESSORS
666 =head2 $c->controller($name)
668 Gets a L<Catalyst::Controller> instance by name.
670 $c->controller('Foo')->do_stuff;
672 If the name is omitted, will return the controller for the dispatched
675 If you want to search for controllers, pass in a regexp as the argument.
677 # find all controllers that start with Foo
678 my @foo_controllers = $c->controller(qr{^Foo});
684 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
686 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
688 unless ( $name->$_isa('Regexp') ) { # Direct component hash lookup to avoid costly regexps
689 my $comps = $c->components;
690 my $check = $appclass."::Controller::".$name;
691 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{$check}, @args ) if exists $comps->{$check};
693 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Controller C/ );
694 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
695 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
698 return $c->component( $c->action->class );
701 =head2 $c->model($name)
703 Gets a L<Catalyst::Model> instance by name.
705 $c->model('Foo')->do_stuff;
707 Any extra arguments are directly passed to ACCEPT_CONTEXT.
709 If the name is omitted, it will look for
710 - a model object in $c->stash->{current_model_instance}, then
711 - a model name in $c->stash->{current_model}, then
712 - a config setting 'default_model', or
713 - check if there is only one model, and return it if that's the case.
715 If you want to search for models, pass in a regexp as the argument.
717 # find all models that start with Foo
718 my @foo_models = $c->model(qr{^Foo});
723 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
724 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
726 unless ( $name->$_isa('Regexp') ) { # Direct component hash lookup to avoid costly regexps
727 my $comps = $c->components;
728 my $check = $appclass."::Model::".$name;
729 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{$check}, @args ) if exists $comps->{$check};
731 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Model M/ );
732 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
733 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
737 return $c->stash->{current_model_instance}
738 if $c->stash->{current_model_instance};
739 return $c->model( $c->stash->{current_model} )
740 if $c->stash->{current_model};
742 return $c->model( $appclass->config->{default_model} )
743 if $appclass->config->{default_model};
745 my( $comp, $rest ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( undef, qw/Model M/);
748 $c->log->warn( Carp::shortmess('Calling $c->model() will return a random model unless you specify one of:') );
749 $c->log->warn( '* $c->config(default_model => "the name of the default model to use")' );
750 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_model} # the name of the model to use for this request' );
751 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_model_instance} # the instance of the model to use for this request' );
752 $c->log->warn( 'NB: in version 5.81, the "random" behavior will not work at all.' );
755 return $c->_filter_component( $comp );
759 =head2 $c->view($name)
761 Gets a L<Catalyst::View> instance by name.
763 $c->view('Foo')->do_stuff;
765 Any extra arguments are directly passed to ACCEPT_CONTEXT.
767 If the name is omitted, it will look for
768 - a view object in $c->stash->{current_view_instance}, then
769 - a view name in $c->stash->{current_view}, then
770 - a config setting 'default_view', or
771 - check if there is only one view, and return it if that's the case.
773 If you want to search for views, pass in a regexp as the argument.
775 # find all views that start with Foo
776 my @foo_views = $c->view(qr{^Foo});
781 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
783 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
785 unless ( $name->$_isa('Regexp') ) { # Direct component hash lookup to avoid costly regexps
786 my $comps = $c->components;
787 my $check = $appclass."::View::".$name;
788 if( exists $comps->{$check} ) {
789 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{$check}, @args );
792 $c->log->warn( "Attempted to use view '$check', but does not exist" );
795 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/View V/ );
796 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
797 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
801 return $c->stash->{current_view_instance}
802 if $c->stash->{current_view_instance};
803 return $c->view( $c->stash->{current_view} )
804 if $c->stash->{current_view};
806 return $c->view( $appclass->config->{default_view} )
807 if $appclass->config->{default_view};
809 my( $comp, $rest ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( undef, qw/View V/);
812 $c->log->warn( 'Calling $c->view() will return a random view unless you specify one of:' );
813 $c->log->warn( '* $c->config(default_view => "the name of the default view to use")' );
814 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_view} # the name of the view to use for this request' );
815 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_view_instance} # the instance of the view to use for this request' );
816 $c->log->warn( 'NB: in version 5.81, the "random" behavior will not work at all.' );
819 return $c->_filter_component( $comp );
822 =head2 $c->controllers
824 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->controller
830 return $c->_comp_names(qw/Controller C/);
835 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->model
841 return $c->_comp_names(qw/Model M/);
847 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->view
853 return $c->_comp_names(qw/View V/);
856 =head2 $c->comp($name)
858 =head2 $c->component($name)
860 Gets a component object by name. This method is not recommended,
861 unless you want to get a specific component by full
862 class. C<< $c->controller >>, C<< $c->model >>, and C<< $c->view >>
863 should be used instead.
865 If C<$name> is a regexp, a list of components matched against the full
866 component name will be returned.
868 If Catalyst can't find a component by name, it will fallback to regex
869 matching by default. To disable this behaviour set
870 disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback to a true value.
872 __PACKAGE__->config( disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback => 1 );
877 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
880 my $comps = $c->components;
883 # is it the exact name?
884 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{ $name }, @args )
885 if exists $comps->{ $name };
887 # perhaps we just omitted "MyApp"?
888 my $composed = ( ref $c || $c ) . "::${name}";
889 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{ $composed }, @args )
890 if exists $comps->{ $composed };
892 # search all of the models, views and controllers
893 my( $comp ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Model M Controller C View V/ );
894 return $c->_filter_component( $comp, @args ) if $comp;
898 if $c->config->{disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback};
900 # This is here so $c->comp( '::M::' ) works
901 my $query = ref $name ? $name : qr{$name}i;
903 my @result = grep { m{$query} } keys %{ $c->components };
904 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
907 $c->log->warn( Carp::shortmess(qq(Found results for "${name}" using regexp fallback)) );
908 $c->log->warn( 'Relying on the regexp fallback behavior for component resolution' );
909 $c->log->warn( 'is unreliable and unsafe. You have been warned' );
910 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
913 # I would expect to return an empty list here, but that breaks back-compat
917 return sort keys %{ $c->components };
920 =head2 CLASS DATA AND HELPER CLASSES
924 Returns or takes a hashref containing the application's configuration.
926 __PACKAGE__->config( { db => 'dsn:SQLite:foo.db' } );
928 You can also use a C<YAML>, C<XML> or L<Config::General> config file
929 like C<myapp.conf> in your applications home directory. See
930 L<Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader>.
932 =head3 Cascading configuration
934 The config method is present on all Catalyst components, and configuration
935 will be merged when an application is started. Configuration loaded with
936 L<Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader> takes precedence over other configuration,
937 followed by configuration in your top level C<MyApp> class. These two
938 configurations are merged, and then configuration data whose hash key matches a
939 component name is merged with configuration for that component.
941 The configuration for a component is then passed to the C<new> method when a
942 component is constructed.
946 MyApp->config({ 'Model::Foo' => { bar => 'baz', overrides => 'me' } });
947 MyApp::Model::Foo->config({ quux => 'frob', overrides => 'this' });
949 will mean that C<MyApp::Model::Foo> receives the following data when
952 MyApp::Model::Foo->new({
958 It's common practice to use a Moose attribute
959 on the receiving component to access the config value.
961 package MyApp::Model::Foo;
965 # this attr will receive 'baz' at construction time
971 You can then get the value 'baz' by calling $c->model('Foo')->bar
972 (or $self->bar inside code in the model).
974 B<NOTE:> you MUST NOT call C<< $self->config >> or C<< __PACKAGE__->config >>
975 as a way of reading config within your code, as this B<will not> give you the
976 correctly merged config back. You B<MUST> take the config values supplied to
977 the constructor and use those instead.
981 around config => sub {
985 croak('Setting config after setup has been run is not allowed.')
986 if ( @_ and $c->setup_finished );
993 Returns the logging object instance. Unless it is already set, Catalyst
994 sets this up with a L<Catalyst::Log> object. To use your own log class,
995 set the logger with the C<< __PACKAGE__->log >> method prior to calling
996 C<< __PACKAGE__->setup >>.
998 __PACKAGE__->log( MyLogger->new );
1003 $c->log->info( 'Now logging with my own logger!' );
1005 Your log class should implement the methods described in
1011 Returns 1 if debug mode is enabled, 0 otherwise.
1013 You can enable debug mode in several ways:
1017 =item By calling myapp_server.pl with the -d flag
1019 =item With the environment variables MYAPP_DEBUG, or CATALYST_DEBUG
1021 =item The -Debug option in your MyApp.pm
1023 =item By declaring C<sub debug { 1 }> in your MyApp.pm.
1027 The first three also set the log level to 'debug'.
1029 Calling C<< $c->debug(1) >> has no effect.
1035 =head2 $c->dispatcher
1037 Returns the dispatcher instance. See L<Catalyst::Dispatcher>.
1041 Returns the engine instance. See L<Catalyst::Engine>.
1044 =head2 UTILITY METHODS
1046 =head2 $c->path_to(@path)
1048 Merges C<@path> with C<< $c->config->{home} >> and returns a
1049 L<Path::Class::Dir> object. Note you can usually use this object as
1050 a filename, but sometimes you will have to explicitly stringify it
1051 yourself by calling the C<< ->stringify >> method.
1055 $c->path_to( 'db', 'sqlite.db' );
1060 my ( $c, @path ) = @_;
1061 my $path = Path::Class::Dir->new( $c->config->{home}, @path );
1062 if ( -d $path ) { return $path }
1063 else { return Path::Class::File->new( $c->config->{home}, @path ) }
1067 my ( $class, $name, $plugin, @args ) = @_;
1069 # See block comment in t/unit_core_plugin.t
1070 $class->log->warn(qq/Adding plugin using the ->plugin method is deprecated, and will be removed in a future release/);
1072 $class->_register_plugin( $plugin, 1 );
1074 eval { $plugin->import };
1075 $class->mk_classdata($name);
1077 eval { $obj = $plugin->new(@args) };
1080 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
1081 qq/Couldn't instantiate instant plugin "$plugin", "$@"/ );
1084 $class->$name($obj);
1085 $class->log->debug(qq/Initialized instant plugin "$plugin" as "$name"/)
1091 Initializes the dispatcher and engine, loads any plugins, and loads the
1092 model, view, and controller components. You may also specify an array
1093 of plugins to load here, if you choose to not load them in the C<use
1097 MyApp->setup( qw/-Debug/ );
1099 B<Note:> You B<should not> wrap this method with method modifiers
1100 or bad things will happen - wrap the C<setup_finalize> method instead.
1105 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
1106 croak('Running setup more than once')
1107 if ( $class->setup_finished );
1109 unless ( $class->isa('Catalyst') ) {
1111 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
1112 message => qq/'$class' does not inherit from Catalyst/ );
1115 if ( $class->arguments ) {
1116 @arguments = ( @arguments, @{ $class->arguments } );
1122 foreach (@arguments) {
1126 ( $flags->{log} ) ? 'debug,' . $flags->{log} : 'debug';
1128 elsif (/^-(\w+)=?(.*)$/) {
1129 $flags->{ lc $1 } = $2;
1132 push @{ $flags->{plugins} }, $_;
1136 $class->setup_home( delete $flags->{home} );
1138 $class->setup_log( delete $flags->{log} );
1139 $class->setup_plugins( delete $flags->{plugins} );
1141 $class->setup_data_handlers();
1142 $class->setup_dispatcher( delete $flags->{dispatcher} );
1143 if (my $engine = delete $flags->{engine}) {
1144 $class->log->warn("Specifying the engine in ->setup is no longer supported, see Catalyst::Upgrading");
1146 $class->setup_engine();
1147 $class->setup_stats( delete $flags->{stats} );
1149 for my $flag ( sort keys %{$flags} ) {
1151 if ( my $code = $class->can( 'setup_' . $flag ) ) {
1152 &$code( $class, delete $flags->{$flag} );
1155 $class->log->warn(qq/Unknown flag "$flag"/);
1159 eval { require Catalyst::Devel; };
1160 if( !$@ && $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} && ( $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} < $Catalyst::Devel::CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN ) ) {
1161 $class->log->warn(<<"EOF");
1162 You are running an old script!
1164 Please update by running (this will overwrite existing files):
1165 catalyst.pl -force -scripts $class
1167 or (this will not overwrite existing files):
1168 catalyst.pl -scripts $class
1173 # Call plugins setup, this is stupid and evil.
1174 # Also screws C3 badly on 5.10, hack to avoid.
1176 no warnings qw/redefine/;
1177 local *setup = sub { };
1178 $class->setup unless $Catalyst::__AM_RESTARTING;
1181 $class->setup_middleware();
1183 # Initialize our data structure
1184 $class->components( {} );
1186 $class->setup_components;
1188 if ( $class->debug ) {
1189 my @plugins = map { "$_ " . ( $_->VERSION || '' ) } $class->registered_plugins;
1192 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 6;
1193 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new($column_width);
1194 $t->row($_) for @plugins;
1195 $class->log->debug( "Loaded plugins:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" );
1198 my @middleware = map {
1201 (ref($_) .' '. ($_->can('VERSION') ? $_->VERSION || '' : '')
1202 || '') } $class->registered_middlewares;
1205 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 6;
1206 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new($column_width);
1207 $t->row($_) for @middleware;
1208 $class->log->debug( "Loaded PSGI Middleware:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" );
1211 my %dh = $class->registered_data_handlers;
1212 if (my @data_handlers = keys %dh) {
1213 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 6;
1214 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new($column_width);
1215 $t->row($_) for @data_handlers;
1216 $class->log->debug( "Loaded Request Data Handlers:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" );
1219 my $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher;
1220 my $engine = $class->engine;
1221 my $home = $class->config->{home};
1223 $class->log->debug(sprintf(q/Loaded dispatcher "%s"/, blessed($dispatcher)));
1224 $class->log->debug(sprintf(q/Loaded engine "%s"/, blessed($engine)));
1228 ? $class->log->debug(qq/Found home "$home"/)
1229 : $class->log->debug(qq/Home "$home" doesn't exist/)
1230 : $class->log->debug(q/Couldn't find home/);
1232 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 8 - 9;
1233 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ $column_width, 'Class' ], [ 8, 'Type' ] );
1234 for my $comp ( sort keys %{ $class->components } ) {
1235 my $type = ref $class->components->{$comp} ? 'instance' : 'class';
1236 $t->row( $comp, $type );
1238 $class->log->debug( "Loaded components:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" )
1239 if ( keys %{ $class->components } );
1242 # Add our self to components, since we are also a component
1243 if( $class->isa('Catalyst::Controller') ){
1244 $class->components->{$class} = $class;
1247 $class->setup_actions;
1249 if ( $class->debug ) {
1250 my $name = $class->config->{name} || 'Application';
1251 $class->log->info("$name powered by Catalyst $Catalyst::VERSION");
1254 if ($class->config->{case_sensitive}) {
1255 $class->log->warn($class . "->config->{case_sensitive} is set.");
1256 $class->log->warn("This setting is deprecated and planned to be removed in Catalyst 5.81.");
1259 $class->setup_finalize;
1261 # Flush the log for good measure (in case something turned off 'autoflush' early)
1262 $class->log->_flush() if $class->log->can('_flush');
1264 return $class || 1; # Just in case someone named their Application 0...
1267 =head2 $app->setup_finalize
1269 A hook to attach modifiers to. This method does not do anything except set the
1270 C<setup_finished> accessor.
1272 Applying method modifiers to the C<setup> method doesn't work, because of quirky things done for plugin setup.
1276 after setup_finalize => sub {
1284 sub setup_finalize {
1286 $class->setup_finished(1);
1289 =head2 $c->uri_for( $path?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1291 =head2 $c->uri_for( $action, \@captures?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1293 Constructs an absolute L<URI> object based on the application root, the
1294 provided path, and the additional arguments and query parameters provided.
1295 When used as a string, provides a textual URI. If you need more flexibility
1296 than this (i.e. the option to provide relative URIs etc.) see
1297 L<Catalyst::Plugin::SmartURI>.
1299 If no arguments are provided, the URI for the current action is returned.
1300 To return the current action and also provide @args, use
1301 C<< $c->uri_for( $c->action, @args ) >>.
1303 If the first argument is a string, it is taken as a public URI path relative
1304 to C<< $c->namespace >> (if it doesn't begin with a forward slash) or
1305 relative to the application root (if it does). It is then merged with
1306 C<< $c->request->base >>; any C<@args> are appended as additional path
1307 components; and any C<%query_values> are appended as C<?foo=bar> parameters.
1309 If the first argument is a L<Catalyst::Action> it represents an action which
1310 will have its path resolved using C<< $c->dispatcher->uri_for_action >>. The
1311 optional C<\@captures> argument (an arrayref) allows passing the captured
1312 variables that are needed to fill in the paths of Chained and Regex actions;
1313 once the path is resolved, C<uri_for> continues as though a path was
1314 provided, appending any arguments or parameters and creating an absolute
1317 The captures for the current request can be found in
1318 C<< $c->request->captures >>, and actions can be resolved using
1319 C<< Catalyst::Controller->action_for($name) >>. If you have a private action
1320 path, use C<< $c->uri_for_action >> instead.
1322 # Equivalent to $c->req->uri
1323 $c->uri_for($c->action, $c->req->captures,
1324 @{ $c->req->args }, $c->req->params);
1326 # For the Foo action in the Bar controller
1327 $c->uri_for($c->controller('Bar')->action_for('Foo'));
1329 # Path to a static resource
1330 $c->uri_for('/static/images/logo.png');
1335 my ( $c, $path, @args ) = @_;
1337 if ( $path->$_isa('Catalyst::Controller') ) {
1338 $path = $path->path_prefix;
1343 undef($path) if (defined $path && $path eq '');
1346 ( scalar @args && ref $args[$#args] eq 'HASH' ? pop @args : {} );
1348 carp "uri_for called with undef argument" if grep { ! defined $_ } @args;
1349 foreach my $arg (@args) {
1350 utf8::encode($arg) if utf8::is_utf8($arg);
1351 $arg =~ s/([^$URI::uric])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1354 if ( $path->$_isa('Catalyst::Action') ) { # action object
1355 s|/|%2F|g for @args;
1356 my $captures = [ map { s|/|%2F|g; $_; }
1357 ( scalar @args && ref $args[0] eq 'ARRAY'
1361 foreach my $capture (@$captures) {
1362 utf8::encode($capture) if utf8::is_utf8($capture);
1363 $capture =~ s/([^$URI::uric])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1367 # ->uri_for( $action, \@captures_and_args, \%query_values? )
1368 if( !@args && $action->number_of_args ) {
1369 my $expanded_action = $c->dispatcher->expand_action( $action );
1371 my $num_captures = $expanded_action->number_of_captures;
1372 unshift @args, splice @$captures, $num_captures;
1375 $path = $c->dispatcher->uri_for_action($action, $captures);
1376 if (not defined $path) {
1377 $c->log->debug(qq/Can't find uri_for action '$action' @$captures/)
1381 $path = '/' if $path eq '';
1384 unshift(@args, $path);
1386 unless (defined $path && $path =~ s!^/!!) { # in-place strip
1387 my $namespace = $c->namespace;
1388 if (defined $path) { # cheesy hack to handle path '../foo'
1389 $namespace =~ s{(?:^|/)[^/]+$}{} while $args[0] =~ s{^\.\./}{};
1391 unshift(@args, $namespace || '');
1394 # join args with '/', or a blank string
1395 my $args = join('/', grep { defined($_) } @args);
1396 $args =~ s/\?/%3F/g; # STUPID STUPID SPECIAL CASE
1399 my ($base, $class) = ('/', 'URI::_generic');
1401 $base = $c->req->base;
1402 $class = ref($base);
1403 $base =~ s{(?<!/)$}{/};
1408 if (my @keys = keys %$params) {
1409 # somewhat lifted from URI::_query's query_form
1410 $query = '?'.join('&', map {
1411 my $val = $params->{$_};
1412 s/([;\/?:@&=+,\$\[\]%])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1415 $val = '' unless defined $val;
1418 utf8::encode( $param ) if utf8::is_utf8($param);
1419 # using the URI::Escape pattern here so utf8 chars survive
1420 $param =~ s/([^A-Za-z0-9\-_.!~*'() ])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1422 "${key}=$param"; } ( ref $val eq 'ARRAY' ? @$val : $val ));
1426 my $res = bless(\"${base}${args}${query}", $class);
1430 =head2 $c->uri_for_action( $path, \@captures_and_args?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1432 =head2 $c->uri_for_action( $action, \@captures_and_args?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1438 A private path to the Catalyst action you want to create a URI for.
1440 This is a shortcut for calling C<< $c->dispatcher->get_action_by_path($path)
1441 >> and passing the resulting C<$action> and the remaining arguments to C<<
1444 You can also pass in a Catalyst::Action object, in which case it is passed to
1447 Note that although the path looks like a URI that dispatches to the wanted action, it is not a URI, but an internal path to that action.
1449 For example, if the action looks like:
1451 package MyApp::Controller::Users;
1453 sub lst : Path('the-list') {}
1457 $c->uri_for_action('/users/lst')
1459 and it will create the URI /users/the-list.
1461 =item \@captures_and_args?
1463 Optional array reference of Captures (i.e. C<<CaptureArgs or $c->req->captures>)
1464 and arguments to the request. Usually used with L<Catalyst::DispatchType::Chained>
1465 to interpolate all the parameters in the URI.
1469 Optional list of extra arguments - can be supplied in the
1470 C<< \@captures_and_args? >> array ref, or here - whichever is easier for your
1473 Your action can have zero, a fixed or a variable number of args (e.g.
1474 C<< Args(1) >> for a fixed number or C<< Args() >> for a variable number)..
1476 =item \%query_values?
1478 Optional array reference of query parameters to append. E.g.
1484 /rest/of/your/uri?foo=bar
1490 sub uri_for_action {
1491 my ( $c, $path, @args ) = @_;
1492 my $action = blessed($path)
1494 : $c->dispatcher->get_action_by_path($path);
1495 unless (defined $action) {
1496 croak "Can't find action for path '$path'";
1498 return $c->uri_for( $action, @args );
1501 =head2 $c->welcome_message
1503 Returns the Catalyst welcome HTML page.
1507 sub welcome_message {
1509 my $name = $c->config->{name};
1510 my $logo = $c->uri_for('/static/images/catalyst_logo.png');
1511 my $prefix = Catalyst::Utils::appprefix( ref $c );
1512 $c->response->content_type('text/html; charset=utf-8');
1514 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
1515 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
1516 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
1518 <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en" />
1519 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
1520 <title>$name on Catalyst $VERSION</title>
1521 <style type="text/css">
1524 background-color: #eee;
1531 margin-bottom: 10px;
1533 background-color: #ccc;
1534 border: 1px solid #aaa;
1539 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
1542 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
1545 text-decoration: none;
1547 border-bottom: 1px dotted #bbb;
1549 :link:hover, :visited:hover {
1562 background-color: #fff;
1563 border: 1px solid #aaa;
1567 font-weight: normal;
1589 <h1><span id="appname">$name</span> on <a href="http://catalyst.perl.org">Catalyst</a>
1594 <img src="$logo" alt="Catalyst Logo" />
1596 <p>Welcome to the world of Catalyst.
1597 This <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MVC">MVC</a>
1598 framework will make web development something you had
1599 never expected it to be: Fun, rewarding, and quick.</p>
1600 <h2>What to do now?</h2>
1601 <p>That really depends on what <b>you</b> want to do.
1602 We do, however, provide you with a few starting points.</p>
1603 <p>If you want to jump right into web development with Catalyst
1604 you might want to start with a tutorial.</p>
1605 <pre>perldoc <a href="https://metacpan.org/module/Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial">Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial</a></code>
1607 <p>Afterwards you can go on to check out a more complete look at our features.</p>
1609 <code>perldoc <a href="https://metacpan.org/module/Catalyst::Manual::Intro">Catalyst::Manual::Intro</a>
1610 <!-- Something else should go here, but the Catalyst::Manual link seems unhelpful -->
1612 <h2>What to do next?</h2>
1613 <p>Next it's time to write an actual application. Use the
1614 helper scripts to generate <a href="https://metacpan.org/search?q=Catalyst%3A%3AController">controllers</a>,
1615 <a href="https://metacpan.org/search?q=Catalyst%3A%3AModel">models</a>, and
1616 <a href="https://metacpan.org/search?q=Catalyst%3A%3AView">views</a>;
1617 they can save you a lot of work.</p>
1618 <pre><code>script/${prefix}_create.pl --help</code></pre>
1619 <p>Also, be sure to check out the vast and growing
1620 collection of <a href="http://search.cpan.org/search?query=Catalyst">plugins for Catalyst on CPAN</a>;
1621 you are likely to find what you need there.
1625 <p>Catalyst has a very active community. Here are the main places to
1626 get in touch with us.</p>
1629 <a href="http://dev.catalyst.perl.org">Wiki</a>
1632 <a href="http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst">Mailing-List</a>
1635 <a href="irc://irc.perl.org/catalyst">IRC channel #catalyst on irc.perl.org</a>
1638 <h2>In conclusion</h2>
1639 <p>The Catalyst team hopes you will enjoy using Catalyst as much
1640 as we enjoyed making it. Please contact us if you have ideas
1641 for improvement or other feedback.</p>
1651 Contains a hash of options passed from the application script, including
1652 the original ARGV the script received, the processed values from that
1653 ARGV and any extra arguments to the script which were not processed.
1655 This can be used to add custom options to your application's scripts
1656 and setup your application differently depending on the values of these
1659 =head1 INTERNAL METHODS
1661 These methods are not meant to be used by end users.
1663 =head2 $c->components
1665 Returns a hash of components.
1667 =head2 $c->context_class
1669 Returns or sets the context class.
1673 Returns a hashref containing coderefs and execution counts (needed for
1674 deep recursion detection).
1678 Returns the number of actions on the current internal execution stack.
1682 Dispatches a request to actions.
1686 sub dispatch { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->dispatch( $c, @_ ) }
1688 =head2 $c->dispatcher_class
1690 Returns or sets the dispatcher class.
1692 =head2 $c->dump_these
1694 Returns a list of 2-element array references (name, structure) pairs
1695 that will be dumped on the error page in debug mode.
1701 [ Request => $c->req ],
1702 [ Response => $c->res ],
1703 [ Stash => $c->stash ],
1704 [ Config => $c->config ];
1707 =head2 $c->engine_class
1709 Returns or sets the engine class.
1711 =head2 $c->execute( $class, $coderef )
1713 Execute a coderef in given class and catch exceptions. Errors are available
1719 my ( $c, $class, $code ) = @_;
1720 $class = $c->component($class) || $class;
1723 if ( $c->depth >= $RECURSION ) {
1724 my $action = $code->reverse();
1725 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /->/;
1726 my $error = qq/Deep recursion detected calling "${action}"/;
1727 $c->log->error($error);
1733 my $stats_info = $c->_stats_start_execute( $code ) if $c->use_stats;
1735 push( @{ $c->stack }, $code );
1737 no warnings 'recursion';
1738 # N.B. This used to be combined, but I have seen $c get clobbered if so, and
1739 # I have no idea how, ergo $ret (which appears to fix the issue)
1740 eval { my $ret = $code->execute( $class, $c, @{ $c->req->args } ) || 0; $c->state( $ret ) };
1742 $c->_stats_finish_execute( $stats_info ) if $c->use_stats and $stats_info;
1744 my $last = pop( @{ $c->stack } );
1746 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1747 #rethow if this can be handled by middleware
1748 if(blessed $error && ($error->can('as_psgi') || $error->can('code'))) {
1749 foreach my $err (@{$c->error}) {
1750 $c->log->error($err);
1753 $c->log->_flush if $c->log->can('_flush');
1755 $error->can('rethrow') ? $error->rethrow : croak $error;
1757 if ( blessed($error) and $error->isa('Catalyst::Exception::Detach') ) {
1758 $error->rethrow if $c->depth > 1;
1760 elsif ( blessed($error) and $error->isa('Catalyst::Exception::Go') ) {
1761 $error->rethrow if $c->depth > 0;
1764 unless ( ref $error ) {
1765 no warnings 'uninitialized';
1767 my $class = $last->class;
1768 my $name = $last->name;
1769 $error = qq/Caught exception in $class->$name "$error"/;
1778 sub _stats_start_execute {
1779 my ( $c, $code ) = @_;
1780 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
1781 return if ( ( $code->name =~ /^_.*/ )
1782 && ( !$appclass->config->{show_internal_actions} ) );
1784 my $action_name = $code->reverse();
1785 $c->counter->{$action_name}++;
1787 my $action = $action_name;
1788 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /->/;
1790 # determine if the call was the result of a forward
1791 # this is done by walking up the call stack and looking for a calling
1792 # sub of Catalyst::forward before the eval
1794 for my $index ( 2 .. 11 ) {
1796 if ( ( caller($index) )[0] eq 'Catalyst'
1797 && ( caller($index) )[3] eq '(eval)' );
1799 if ( ( caller($index) )[3] =~ /forward$/ ) {
1800 $callsub = ( caller($index) )[3];
1801 $action = "-> $action";
1806 my $uid = $action_name . $c->counter->{$action_name};
1808 # is this a root-level call or a forwarded call?
1809 if ( $callsub =~ /forward$/ ) {
1810 my $parent = $c->stack->[-1];
1812 # forward, locate the caller
1813 if ( defined $parent && exists $c->counter->{"$parent"} ) {
1816 parent => "$parent" . $c->counter->{"$parent"},
1822 # forward with no caller may come from a plugin
1841 sub _stats_finish_execute {
1842 my ( $c, $info ) = @_;
1843 $c->stats->profile( end => $info );
1848 Finalizes the request.
1855 for my $error ( @{ $c->error } ) {
1856 $c->log->error($error);
1859 # Support skipping finalize for psgix.io style 'jailbreak'. Used to support
1860 # stuff like cometd and websockets
1862 if($c->request->_has_io_fh) {
1867 # Allow engine to handle finalize flow (for POE)
1868 my $engine = $c->engine;
1869 if ( my $code = $engine->can('finalize') ) {
1874 $c->finalize_uploads;
1877 if ( $#{ $c->error } >= 0 ) {
1881 $c->finalize_headers unless $c->response->finalized_headers;
1888 if ($c->use_stats) {
1889 my $elapsed = $c->stats->elapsed;
1890 my $av = $elapsed == 0 ? '??' : sprintf '%.3f', 1 / $elapsed;
1892 "Request took ${elapsed}s ($av/s)\n" . $c->stats->report . "\n" );
1895 return $c->response->status;
1898 =head2 $c->finalize_body
1904 sub finalize_body { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_body( $c, @_ ) }
1906 =head2 $c->finalize_cookies
1912 sub finalize_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_cookies( $c, @_ ) }
1914 =head2 $c->finalize_error
1916 Finalizes error. If there is only one error in L</error> and it is an object that
1917 does C<as_psgi> or C<code> we rethrow the error and presume it caught by middleware
1918 up the ladder. Otherwise we return the debugging error page (in debug mode) or we
1919 return the default error page (production mode).
1923 sub finalize_error {
1925 if($#{$c->error} > 0) {
1926 $c->engine->finalize_error( $c, @_ );
1928 my ($error) = @{$c->error};
1931 ($error->can('as_psgi') || $error->can('code'))
1933 # In the case where the error 'knows what it wants', becauses its PSGI
1934 # aware, just rethow and let middleware catch it
1935 $error->can('rethrow') ? $error->rethrow : croak $error;
1937 $c->engine->finalize_error( $c, @_ )
1942 =head2 $c->finalize_headers
1948 sub finalize_headers {
1951 my $response = $c->response; #accessor calls can add up?
1953 # Check if we already finalized headers
1954 return if $response->finalized_headers;
1957 if ( my $location = $response->redirect ) {
1958 $c->log->debug(qq/Redirecting to "$location"/) if $c->debug;
1959 $response->header( Location => $location );
1962 # Remove incorrectly added body and content related meta data when returning
1963 # an information response, or a response the is required to not include a body
1965 $c->finalize_cookies;
1967 $c->response->finalize_headers();
1970 $response->finalized_headers(1);
1973 =head2 $c->finalize_output
1975 An alias for finalize_body.
1977 =head2 $c->finalize_read
1979 Finalizes the input after reading is complete.
1983 sub finalize_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_read( $c, @_ ) }
1985 =head2 $c->finalize_uploads
1987 Finalizes uploads. Cleans up any temporary files.
1991 sub finalize_uploads { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_uploads( $c, @_ ) }
1993 =head2 $c->get_action( $action, $namespace )
1995 Gets an action in a given namespace.
1999 sub get_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_action(@_) }
2001 =head2 $c->get_actions( $action, $namespace )
2003 Gets all actions of a given name in a namespace and all parent
2008 sub get_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_actions( $c, @_ ) }
2010 =head2 $app->handle_request( @arguments )
2012 Called to handle each HTTP request.
2016 sub handle_request {
2017 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
2019 # Always expect worst case!
2022 if ($class->debug) {
2023 my $secs = time - $START || 1;
2024 my $av = sprintf '%.3f', $COUNT / $secs;
2025 my $time = localtime time;
2026 $class->log->info("*** Request $COUNT ($av/s) [$$] [$time] ***");
2029 my $c = $class->prepare(@arguments);
2031 $status = $c->finalize;
2033 #rethow if this can be handled by middleware
2034 if(blessed $_ && ($_->can('as_psgi') || $_->can('code'))) {
2035 $_->can('rethrow') ? $_->rethrow : croak $_;
2037 chomp(my $error = $_);
2038 $class->log->error(qq/Caught exception in engine "$error"/);
2043 if(my $coderef = $class->log->can('_flush')){
2044 $class->log->$coderef();
2049 =head2 $class->prepare( @arguments )
2051 Creates a Catalyst context from an engine-specific request (Apache, CGI,
2058 predicate => '_has_uploadtmp',
2062 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
2065 # After the app/ctxt split, this should become an attribute based on something passed
2066 # into the application.
2067 $class->context_class( ref $class || $class ) unless $class->context_class;
2069 my $uploadtmp = $class->config->{uploadtmp};
2070 my $c = $class->context_class->new({ $uploadtmp ? (_uploadtmp => $uploadtmp) : ()});
2072 $c->response->_context($c);
2074 #surely this is not the most efficient way to do things...
2075 $c->stats($class->stats_class->new)->enable($c->use_stats);
2076 if ( $c->debug || $c->config->{enable_catalyst_header} ) {
2077 $c->res->headers->header( 'X-Catalyst' => $Catalyst::VERSION );
2081 # Allow engine to direct the prepare flow (for POE)
2082 if ( my $prepare = $c->engine->can('prepare') ) {
2083 $c->engine->$prepare( $c, @arguments );
2086 $c->prepare_request(@arguments);
2087 $c->prepare_connection;
2088 $c->prepare_query_parameters;
2089 $c->prepare_headers; # Just hooks, no longer needed - they just
2090 $c->prepare_cookies; # cause the lazy attribute on req to build
2093 # Prepare the body for reading, either by prepare_body
2094 # or the user, if they are using $c->read
2097 # Parse the body unless the user wants it on-demand
2098 unless ( ref($c)->config->{parse_on_demand} ) {
2104 # VERY ugly and probably shouldn't rely on ->finalize actually working
2106 # failed prepare is always due to an invalid request, right?
2107 $c->response->status(400);
2108 $c->response->content_type('text/plain');
2109 $c->response->body('Bad Request');
2110 # Note we call finalize and then die here, which escapes
2111 # finalize being called in the enclosing block..
2112 # It in fact couldn't be called, as we don't return $c..
2113 # This is a mess - but I'm unsure you can fix this without
2114 # breaking compat for people doing crazy things (we should set
2115 # the 400 and just return the ctx here IMO, letting finalize get called
2126 =head2 $c->prepare_action
2128 Prepares action. See L<Catalyst::Dispatcher>.
2132 sub prepare_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->prepare_action( $c, @_ ) }
2134 =head2 $c->prepare_body
2136 Prepares message body.
2143 return if $c->request->_has_body;
2145 # Initialize on-demand data
2146 $c->engine->prepare_body( $c, @_ );
2147 $c->prepare_parameters;
2148 $c->prepare_uploads;
2151 =head2 $c->prepare_body_chunk( $chunk )
2153 Prepares a chunk of data before sending it to L<HTTP::Body>.
2155 See L<Catalyst::Engine>.
2159 sub prepare_body_chunk {
2161 $c->engine->prepare_body_chunk( $c, @_ );
2164 =head2 $c->prepare_body_parameters
2166 Prepares body parameters.
2170 sub prepare_body_parameters {
2172 $c->engine->prepare_body_parameters( $c, @_ );
2175 =head2 $c->prepare_connection
2177 Prepares connection.
2181 sub prepare_connection {
2183 $c->request->prepare_connection($c);
2186 =head2 $c->prepare_cookies
2188 Prepares cookies by ensuring that the attribute on the request
2189 object has been built.
2193 sub prepare_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->request->cookies }
2195 =head2 $c->prepare_headers
2197 Prepares request headers by ensuring that the attribute on the request
2198 object has been built.
2202 sub prepare_headers { my $c = shift; $c->request->headers }
2204 =head2 $c->prepare_parameters
2206 Prepares parameters.
2210 sub prepare_parameters {
2212 $c->prepare_body_parameters;
2213 $c->engine->prepare_parameters( $c, @_ );
2216 =head2 $c->prepare_path
2218 Prepares path and base.
2222 sub prepare_path { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_path( $c, @_ ) }
2224 =head2 $c->prepare_query_parameters
2226 Prepares query parameters.
2230 sub prepare_query_parameters {
2233 $c->engine->prepare_query_parameters( $c, @_ );
2236 =head2 $c->log_request
2238 Writes information about the request to the debug logs. This includes:
2242 =item * Request method, path, and remote IP address
2244 =item * Query keywords (see L<Catalyst::Request/query_keywords>)
2246 =item * Request parameters
2248 =item * File uploads
2257 return unless $c->debug;
2259 my($dump) = grep {$_->[0] eq 'Request' } $c->dump_these;
2260 my $request = $dump->[1];
2262 my ( $method, $path, $address ) = ( $request->method, $request->path, $request->address );
2264 $path = '/' unless length $path;
2266 $c->log->debug(qq/"$method" request for "$path" from "$address"/);
2268 $c->log_request_headers($request->headers);
2270 if ( my $keywords = $request->query_keywords ) {
2271 $c->log->debug("Query keywords are: $keywords");
2274 $c->log_request_parameters( query => $request->query_parameters, $request->_has_body ? (body => $request->body_parameters) : () );
2276 $c->log_request_uploads($request);
2279 =head2 $c->log_response
2281 Writes information about the response to the debug logs by calling
2282 C<< $c->log_response_status_line >> and C<< $c->log_response_headers >>.
2289 return unless $c->debug;
2291 my($dump) = grep {$_->[0] eq 'Response' } $c->dump_these;
2292 my $response = $dump->[1];
2294 $c->log_response_status_line($response);
2295 $c->log_response_headers($response->headers);
2298 =head2 $c->log_response_status_line($response)
2300 Writes one line of information about the response to the debug logs. This includes:
2304 =item * Response status code
2306 =item * Content-Type header (if present)
2308 =item * Content-Length header (if present)
2314 sub log_response_status_line {
2315 my ($c, $response) = @_;
2319 'Response Code: %s; Content-Type: %s; Content-Length: %s',
2320 $response->status || 'unknown',
2321 $response->headers->header('Content-Type') || 'unknown',
2322 $response->headers->header('Content-Length') || 'unknown'
2327 =head2 $c->log_response_headers($headers);
2329 Hook method which can be wrapped by plugins to log the response headers.
2330 No-op in the default implementation.
2334 sub log_response_headers {}
2336 =head2 $c->log_request_parameters( query => {}, body => {} )
2338 Logs request parameters to debug logs
2342 sub log_request_parameters {
2344 my %all_params = @_;
2346 return unless $c->debug;
2348 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 44;
2349 foreach my $type (qw(query body)) {
2350 my $params = $all_params{$type};
2351 next if ! keys %$params;
2352 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 35, 'Parameter' ], [ $column_width, 'Value' ] );
2353 for my $key ( sort keys %$params ) {
2354 my $param = $params->{$key};
2355 my $value = defined($param) ? $param : '';
2356 $t->row( $key, ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ? ( join ', ', @$value ) : $value );
2358 $c->log->debug( ucfirst($type) . " Parameters are:\n" . $t->draw );
2362 =head2 $c->log_request_uploads
2364 Logs file uploads included in the request to the debug logs.
2365 The parameter name, filename, file type, and file size are all included in
2370 sub log_request_uploads {
2372 my $request = shift;
2373 return unless $c->debug;
2374 my $uploads = $request->uploads;
2375 if ( keys %$uploads ) {
2376 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new(
2377 [ 12, 'Parameter' ],
2382 for my $key ( sort keys %$uploads ) {
2383 my $upload = $uploads->{$key};
2384 for my $u ( ref $upload eq 'ARRAY' ? @{$upload} : ($upload) ) {
2385 $t->row( $key, $u->filename, $u->type, $u->size );
2388 $c->log->debug( "File Uploads are:\n" . $t->draw );
2392 =head2 $c->log_request_headers($headers);
2394 Hook method which can be wrapped by plugins to log the request headers.
2395 No-op in the default implementation.
2399 sub log_request_headers {}
2401 =head2 $c->log_headers($type => $headers)
2403 Logs L<HTTP::Headers> (either request or response) to the debug logs.
2410 my $headers = shift; # an HTTP::Headers instance
2412 return unless $c->debug;
2414 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 28;
2415 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 15, 'Header Name' ], [ $column_width, 'Value' ] );
2418 my ( $name, $value ) = @_;
2419 $t->row( $name, $value );
2422 $c->log->debug( ucfirst($type) . " Headers:\n" . $t->draw );
2426 =head2 $c->prepare_read
2428 Prepares the input for reading.
2432 sub prepare_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_read( $c, @_ ) }
2434 =head2 $c->prepare_request
2436 Prepares the engine request.
2440 sub prepare_request { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_request( $c, @_ ) }
2442 =head2 $c->prepare_uploads
2448 sub prepare_uploads {
2451 $c->engine->prepare_uploads( $c, @_ );
2454 =head2 $c->prepare_write
2456 Prepares the output for writing.
2460 sub prepare_write { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_write( $c, @_ ) }
2462 =head2 $c->request_class
2464 Returns or sets the request class. Defaults to L<Catalyst::Request>.
2466 =head2 $c->response_class
2468 Returns or sets the response class. Defaults to L<Catalyst::Response>.
2470 =head2 $c->read( [$maxlength] )
2472 Reads a chunk of data from the request body. This method is designed to
2473 be used in a while loop, reading C<$maxlength> bytes on every call.
2474 C<$maxlength> defaults to the size of the request if not specified.
2476 You have to set C<< MyApp->config(parse_on_demand => 1) >> to use this
2479 Warning: If you use read(), Catalyst will not process the body,
2480 so you will not be able to access POST parameters or file uploads via
2481 $c->request. You must handle all body parsing yourself.
2485 sub read { my $c = shift; return $c->request->read( @_ ) }
2495 $app->_make_immutable_if_needed;
2496 $app->engine_loader->needs_psgi_engine_compat_hack ?
2497 $app->engine->run($app, @_) :
2498 $app->engine->run( $app, $app->_finalized_psgi_app, @_ );
2501 sub _make_immutable_if_needed {
2503 my $meta = find_meta($class);
2504 my $isa_ca = $class->isa('Class::Accessor::Fast') || $class->isa('Class::Accessor');
2507 && ! { $meta->immutable_options }->{replace_constructor}
2510 warn("You made your application class ($class) immutable, "
2511 . "but did not inline the\nconstructor. "
2512 . "This will break catalyst, as your app \@ISA "
2513 . "Class::Accessor(::Fast)?\nPlease pass "
2514 . "(replace_constructor => 1)\nwhen making your class immutable.\n");
2516 unless ($meta->is_immutable) {
2517 # XXX - FIXME warning here as you should make your app immutable yourself.
2518 $meta->make_immutable(
2519 replace_constructor => 1,
2524 =head2 $c->set_action( $action, $code, $namespace, $attrs )
2526 Sets an action in a given namespace.
2530 sub set_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->set_action( $c, @_ ) }
2532 =head2 $c->setup_actions($component)
2534 Sets up actions for a component.
2538 sub setup_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->setup_actions( $c, @_ ) }
2540 =head2 $c->setup_components
2542 This method is called internally to set up the application's components.
2544 It finds modules by calling the L<locate_components> method, expands them to
2545 package names with the L<expand_component_module> method, and then installs
2546 each component into the application.
2548 The C<setup_components> config option is passed to both of the above methods.
2550 Installation of each component is performed by the L<setup_component> method,
2555 sub setup_components {
2558 my $config = $class->config->{ setup_components };
2560 my @comps = $class->locate_components($config);
2561 my %comps = map { $_ => 1 } @comps;
2563 my $deprecatedcatalyst_component_names = grep { /::[CMV]::/ } @comps;
2564 $class->log->warn(qq{Your application is using the deprecated ::[MVC]:: type naming scheme.\n}.
2565 qq{Please switch your class names to ::Model::, ::View:: and ::Controller: as appropriate.\n}
2566 ) if $deprecatedcatalyst_component_names;
2568 for my $component ( @comps ) {
2570 # We pass ignore_loaded here so that overlay files for (e.g.)
2571 # Model::DBI::Schema sub-classes are loaded - if it's in @comps
2572 # we know M::P::O found a file on disk so this is safe
2574 Catalyst::Utils::ensure_class_loaded( $component, { ignore_loaded => 1 } );
2577 for my $component (@comps) {
2578 my $instance = $class->components->{ $component } = $class->setup_component($component);
2579 my @expanded_components = $instance->can('expand_modules')
2580 ? $instance->expand_modules( $component, $config )
2581 : $class->expand_component_module( $component, $config );
2582 for my $component (@expanded_components) {
2583 next if $comps{$component};
2584 $class->components->{ $component } = $class->setup_component($component);
2589 =head2 $c->locate_components( $setup_component_config )
2591 This method is meant to provide a list of component modules that should be
2592 setup for the application. By default, it will use L<Module::Pluggable>.
2594 Specify a C<setup_components> config option to pass additional options directly
2595 to L<Module::Pluggable>. To add additional search paths, specify a key named
2596 C<search_extra> as an array reference. Items in the array beginning with C<::>
2597 will have the application class name prepended to them.
2601 sub locate_components {
2605 my @paths = qw( ::M ::Model ::V ::View ::C ::Controller );
2606 my $extra = delete $config->{ search_extra } || [];
2608 unshift @paths, @$extra;
2610 my @comps = map { sort { length($a) <=> length($b) } Module::Pluggable::Object->new(
2611 search_path => [ map { s/^(?=::)/$class/; $_; } ($_) ],
2613 )->plugins } @paths;
2618 =head2 $c->expand_component_module( $component, $setup_component_config )
2620 Components found by C<locate_components> will be passed to this method, which
2621 is expected to return a list of component (package) names to be set up.
2625 sub expand_component_module {
2626 my ($class, $module) = @_;
2627 return Devel::InnerPackage::list_packages( $module );
2630 =head2 $c->setup_component
2634 sub setup_component {
2635 my( $class, $component ) = @_;
2637 unless ( $component->can( 'COMPONENT' ) ) {
2641 my $suffix = Catalyst::Utils::class2classsuffix( $component );
2642 my $config = $class->config->{ $suffix } || {};
2643 # Stash catalyst_component_name in the config here, so that custom COMPONENT
2644 # methods also pass it. local to avoid pointlessly shitting in config
2645 # for the debug screen, as $component is already the key name.
2646 local $config->{catalyst_component_name} = $component;
2648 my $instance = eval { $component->COMPONENT( $class, $config ); };
2650 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
2652 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
2653 message => qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", "$error"/
2657 unless (blessed $instance) {
2658 my $metaclass = Moose::Util::find_meta($component);
2659 my $method_meta = $metaclass->find_method_by_name('COMPONENT');
2660 my $component_method_from = $method_meta->associated_metaclass->name;
2661 my $value = defined($instance) ? $instance : 'undef';
2662 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
2664 qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", COMPONENT() method (from $component_method_from) didn't return an object-like value (value was $value)./
2670 =head2 $c->setup_dispatcher
2676 sub setup_dispatcher {
2677 my ( $class, $dispatcher ) = @_;
2680 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $dispatcher;
2683 if ( my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'DISPATCHER' ) ) {
2684 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $env;
2687 unless ($dispatcher) {
2688 $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher_class;
2691 load_class($dispatcher);
2693 # dispatcher instance
2694 $class->dispatcher( $dispatcher->new );
2697 =head2 $c->setup_engine
2704 my ($class, $requested_engine) = @_;
2706 if (!$class->engine_loader || $requested_engine) {
2707 $class->engine_loader(
2708 Catalyst::EngineLoader->new({
2709 application_name => $class,
2710 (defined $requested_engine
2711 ? (catalyst_engine_class => $requested_engine) : ()),
2716 $class->engine_loader->catalyst_engine_class;
2720 my ($class, $requested_engine) = @_;
2723 my $loader = $class->engine_loader;
2725 if (!$loader || $requested_engine) {
2726 $loader = Catalyst::EngineLoader->new({
2727 application_name => $class,
2728 (defined $requested_engine
2729 ? (requested_engine => $requested_engine) : ()),
2732 $class->engine_loader($loader);
2735 $loader->catalyst_engine_class;
2738 # Don't really setup_engine -- see _setup_psgi_app for explanation.
2739 return if $class->loading_psgi_file;
2741 load_class($engine);
2743 if ($ENV{MOD_PERL}) {
2744 my $apache = $class->engine_loader->auto;
2746 my $meta = find_meta($class);
2747 my $was_immutable = $meta->is_immutable;
2748 my %immutable_options = $meta->immutable_options;
2749 $meta->make_mutable if $was_immutable;
2751 $meta->add_method(handler => sub {
2753 my $psgi_app = $class->_finalized_psgi_app;
2754 $apache->call_app($r, $psgi_app);
2757 $meta->make_immutable(%immutable_options) if $was_immutable;
2760 $class->engine( $engine->new );
2765 ## This exists just to supply a prebuild psgi app for mod_perl and for the
2766 ## build in server support (back compat support for pre psgi port behavior).
2767 ## This is so that we don't build a new psgi app for each request when using
2768 ## the mod_perl handler or the built in servers (http and fcgi, etc).
2770 sub _finalized_psgi_app {
2773 unless ($app->_psgi_app) {
2774 my $psgi_app = $app->_setup_psgi_app;
2775 $app->_psgi_app($psgi_app);
2778 return $app->_psgi_app;
2781 ## Look for a psgi file like 'myapp_web.psgi' (if the app is MyApp::Web) in the
2782 ## home directory and load that and return it (just assume it is doing the
2783 ## right thing :) ). If that does not exist, call $app->psgi_app, wrap that
2784 ## in default_middleware and return it ( this is for backward compatibility
2785 ## with pre psgi port behavior ).
2787 sub _setup_psgi_app {
2790 for my $home (Path::Class::Dir->new($app->config->{home})) {
2791 my $psgi_file = $home->file(
2792 Catalyst::Utils::appprefix($app) . '.psgi',
2795 next unless -e $psgi_file;
2797 # If $psgi_file calls ->setup_engine, it's doing so to load
2798 # Catalyst::Engine::PSGI. But if it does that, we're only going to
2799 # throw away the loaded PSGI-app and load the 5.9 Catalyst::Engine
2800 # anyway. So set a flag (ick) that tells setup_engine not to populate
2801 # $c->engine or do any other things we might regret.
2803 $app->loading_psgi_file(1);
2804 my $psgi_app = Plack::Util::load_psgi($psgi_file);
2805 $app->loading_psgi_file(0);
2808 unless $app->engine_loader->needs_psgi_engine_compat_hack;
2811 Found a legacy Catalyst::Engine::PSGI .psgi file at ${psgi_file}.
2813 Its content has been ignored. Please consult the Catalyst::Upgrading
2814 documentation on how to upgrade from Catalyst::Engine::PSGI.
2818 return $app->apply_default_middlewares($app->psgi_app);
2821 =head2 $c->apply_default_middlewares
2823 Adds the following L<Plack> middlewares to your application, since they are
2824 useful and commonly needed:
2826 L<Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy>, (conditionally added based on the status
2827 of your $ENV{REMOTE_ADDR}, and can be forced on with C<using_frontend_proxy>
2828 or forced off with C<ignore_frontend_proxy>), L<Plack::Middleware::LighttpdScriptNameFix>
2829 (if you are using Lighttpd), L<Plack::Middleware::IIS6ScriptNameFix> (always
2830 applied since this middleware is smart enough to conditionally apply itself).
2832 Additionally if we detect we are using Nginx, we add a bit of custom middleware
2833 to solve some problems with the way that server handles $ENV{PATH_INFO} and
2839 sub apply_default_middlewares {
2840 my ($app, $psgi_app) = @_;
2842 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::Conditional->wrap(
2844 builder => sub { Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy->wrap($_[0]) },
2847 return if $app->config->{ignore_frontend_proxy};
2848 return $env->{REMOTE_ADDR} eq '127.0.0.1'
2849 || $app->config->{using_frontend_proxy};
2853 # If we're running under Lighttpd, swap PATH_INFO and SCRIPT_NAME
2854 # http://lists.scsys.co.uk/pipermail/catalyst/2006-June/008361.html
2855 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::Conditional->wrap(
2857 builder => sub { Plack::Middleware::LighttpdScriptNameFix->wrap($_[0]) },
2860 return unless $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} && $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} =~ m!lighttpd[-/]1\.(\d+\.\d+)!;
2861 return unless $1 < 4.23;
2866 # we're applying this unconditionally as the middleware itself already makes
2867 # sure it doesn't fuck things up if it's not running under one of the right
2869 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::IIS6ScriptNameFix->wrap($psgi_app);
2871 # And another IIS issue, this time with IIS7.
2872 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::Conditional->wrap(
2874 builder => sub { Plack::Middleware::IIS7KeepAliveFix->wrap($_[0]) },
2877 return $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} && $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} =~ m!IIS/7\.[0-9]!;
2886 Returns a PSGI application code reference for the catalyst application
2887 C<$c>. This is the bare application without any middlewares
2888 applied. C<${myapp}.psgi> is not taken into account.
2890 This is what you want to be using to retrieve the PSGI application code
2891 reference of your Catalyst application for use in F<.psgi> files.
2897 my $psgi = $app->engine->build_psgi_app($app);
2898 return $app->Catalyst::Utils::apply_registered_middleware($psgi);
2901 =head2 $c->setup_home
2903 Sets up the home directory.
2908 my ( $class, $home ) = @_;
2910 if ( my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'HOME' ) ) {
2914 $home ||= Catalyst::Utils::home($class);
2917 #I remember recently being scolded for assigning config values like this
2918 $class->config->{home} ||= $home;
2919 $class->config->{root} ||= Path::Class::Dir->new($home)->subdir('root');
2923 =head2 $c->setup_log
2925 Sets up log by instantiating a L<Catalyst::Log|Catalyst::Log> object and
2926 passing it to C<log()>. Pass in a comma-delimited list of levels to set the
2929 This method also installs a C<debug> method that returns a true value into the
2930 catalyst subclass if the "debug" level is passed in the comma-delimited list,
2931 or if the C<$CATALYST_DEBUG> environment variable is set to a true value.
2933 Note that if the log has already been setup, by either a previous call to
2934 C<setup_log> or by a call such as C<< __PACKAGE__->log( MyLogger->new ) >>,
2935 that this method won't actually set up the log object.
2940 my ( $class, $levels ) = @_;
2943 $levels =~ s/^\s+//;
2944 $levels =~ s/\s+$//;
2945 my %levels = map { $_ => 1 } split /\s*,\s*/, $levels;
2947 my $env_debug = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'DEBUG' );
2948 if ( defined $env_debug ) {
2949 $levels{debug} = 1 if $env_debug; # Ugly!
2950 delete($levels{debug}) unless $env_debug;
2953 unless ( $class->log ) {
2954 $class->log( Catalyst::Log->new(keys %levels) );
2957 if ( $levels{debug} ) {
2958 Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class)->add_method('debug' => sub { 1 });
2959 $class->log->debug('Debug messages enabled');
2963 =head2 $c->setup_plugins
2969 =head2 $c->setup_stats
2971 Sets up timing statistics class.
2976 my ( $class, $stats ) = @_;
2978 Catalyst::Utils::ensure_class_loaded($class->stats_class);
2980 my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'STATS' );
2981 if ( defined($env) ? $env : ($stats || $class->debug ) ) {
2982 Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class)->add_method('use_stats' => sub { 1 });
2983 $class->log->debug('Statistics enabled');
2988 =head2 $c->registered_plugins
2990 Returns a sorted list of the plugins which have either been stated in the
2993 If passed a given plugin name, it will report a boolean value indicating
2994 whether or not that plugin is loaded. A fully qualified name is required if
2995 the plugin name does not begin with C<Catalyst::Plugin::>.
2997 if ($c->registered_plugins('Some::Plugin')) {
3005 sub registered_plugins {
3007 return sort keys %{ $proto->_plugins } unless @_;
3009 return 1 if exists $proto->_plugins->{$plugin};
3010 return exists $proto->_plugins->{"Catalyst::Plugin::$plugin"};
3013 sub _register_plugin {
3014 my ( $proto, $plugin, $instant ) = @_;
3015 my $class = ref $proto || $proto;
3017 load_class( $plugin );
3018 $class->log->warn( "$plugin inherits from 'Catalyst::Component' - this is deprecated and will not work in 5.81" )
3019 if $plugin->isa( 'Catalyst::Component' );
3020 my $plugin_meta = Moose::Meta::Class->create($plugin);
3021 if (!$plugin_meta->has_method('new')
3022 && ( $plugin->isa('Class::Accessor::Fast') || $plugin->isa('Class::Accessor') ) ) {
3023 $plugin_meta->add_method('new', Moose::Object->meta->get_method('new'))
3025 if (!$instant && !$proto->_plugins->{$plugin}) {
3026 my $meta = Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class);
3027 $meta->superclasses($plugin, $meta->superclasses);
3029 $proto->_plugins->{$plugin} = 1;
3033 sub _default_plugins { return qw(Unicode::Encoding) }
3036 my ( $class, $plugins ) = @_;
3038 $class->_plugins( {} ) unless $class->_plugins;
3040 m/Unicode::Encoding/ ? do {
3042 'Unicode::Encoding plugin is auto-applied,'
3043 . ' please remove this from your appclass'
3044 . ' and make sure to define "encoding" config'
3046 unless (exists $class->config->{'encoding'}) {
3047 $class->config->{'encoding'} = 'UTF-8';
3052 push @$plugins, $class->_default_plugins;
3053 $plugins = Data::OptList::mkopt($plugins || []);
3056 [ Catalyst::Utils::resolve_namespace(
3057 $class . '::Plugin',
3058 'Catalyst::Plugin', $_->[0]
3064 for my $plugin ( reverse @plugins ) {
3065 load_class($plugin->[0], $plugin->[1]);
3066 my $meta = find_meta($plugin->[0]);
3067 next if $meta && $meta->isa('Moose::Meta::Role');
3069 $class->_register_plugin($plugin->[0]);
3073 map { $_->[0]->name, $_->[1] }
3074 grep { blessed($_->[0]) && $_->[0]->isa('Moose::Meta::Role') }
3075 map { [find_meta($_->[0]), $_->[1]] }
3078 Moose::Util::apply_all_roles(
3084 =head2 registered_middlewares
3086 Read only accessor that returns an array of all the middleware in the order
3087 that they were added (which is the REVERSE of the order they will be applied).
3089 The values returned will be either instances of L<Plack::Middleware> or of a
3090 compatible interface, or a coderef, which is assumed to be inlined middleware
3092 =head2 setup_middleware (?@middleware)
3094 Read configuration information stored in configuration key C<psgi_middleware> or
3097 See under L</CONFIGURATION> information regarding C<psgi_middleware> and how
3098 to use it to enable L<Plack::Middleware>
3100 This method is automatically called during 'setup' of your application, so
3101 you really don't need to invoke it. However you may do so if you find the idea
3102 of loading middleware via configuration weird :). For example:
3108 __PACKAGE__->setup_middleware('Head');
3111 When we read middleware definitions from configuration, we reverse the list
3112 which sounds odd but is likely how you expect it to work if you have prior
3113 experience with L<Plack::Builder> or if you previously used the plugin
3114 L<Catalyst::Plugin::EnableMiddleware> (which is now considered deprecated)
3116 So basically your middleware handles an incoming request from the first
3117 registered middleware, down and handles the response from the last middleware
3122 sub registered_middlewares {
3124 if(my $middleware = $class->_psgi_middleware) {
3126 Catalyst::Middleware::Stash->new,
3127 Plack::Middleware::HTTPExceptions->new,
3128 Plack::Middleware::RemoveRedundantBody->new,
3129 Plack::Middleware::FixMissingBodyInRedirect->new,
3130 Plack::Middleware::ContentLength->new,
3131 Plack::Middleware::MethodOverride->new,
3132 Plack::Middleware::Head->new,
3135 die "You cannot call ->registered_middlewares until middleware has been setup";
3139 sub setup_middleware {
3141 my @middleware_definitions = @_ ?
3142 reverse(@_) : reverse(@{$class->config->{'psgi_middleware'}||[]});
3144 my @middleware = ();
3145 while(my $next = shift(@middleware_definitions)) {
3147 if(Scalar::Util::blessed $next && $next->can('wrap')) {
3148 push @middleware, $next;
3149 } elsif(ref $next eq 'CODE') {
3150 push @middleware, $next;
3151 } elsif(ref $next eq 'HASH') {
3152 my $namespace = shift @middleware_definitions;
3153 my $mw = $class->Catalyst::Utils::build_middleware($namespace, %$next);
3154 push @middleware, $mw;
3156 die "I can't handle middleware definition ${\ref $next}";
3159 my $mw = $class->Catalyst::Utils::build_middleware($next);
3160 push @middleware, $mw;
3164 my @existing = @{$class->_psgi_middleware || []};
3165 $class->_psgi_middleware([@middleware,@existing,]);
3168 =head2 registered_data_handlers
3170 A read only copy of registered Data Handlers returned as a Hash, where each key
3171 is a content type and each value is a subref that attempts to decode that content
3174 =head2 setup_data_handlers (?@data_handler)
3176 Read configuration information stored in configuration key C<data_handlers> or
3179 See under L</CONFIGURATION> information regarding C<data_handlers>.
3181 This method is automatically called during 'setup' of your application, so
3182 you really don't need to invoke it.
3184 =head2 default_data_handlers
3186 Default Data Handlers that come bundled with L<Catalyst>. Currently there are
3187 only two default data handlers, for 'application/json' and an alternative to
3188 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' which supposed nested form parameters via
3189 L<CGI::Struct> or via L<CGI::Struct::XS> IF you've installed it.
3191 The 'application/json' data handler is used to parse incoming JSON into a Perl
3192 data structure. It used either L<JSON::MaybeXS> or L<JSON>, depending on which
3193 is installed. This allows you to fail back to L<JSON:PP>, which is a Pure Perl
3194 JSON decoder, and has the smallest dependency impact.
3196 Because we don't wish to add more dependencies to L<Catalyst>, if you wish to
3197 use this new feature we recommend installing L<JSON> or L<JSON::MaybeXS> in
3198 order to get the best performance. You should add either to your dependency
3199 list (Makefile.PL, dist.ini, cpanfile, etc.)
3203 sub registered_data_handlers {
3205 if(my $data_handlers = $class->_data_handlers) {
3206 return %$data_handlers;
3208 $class->setup_data_handlers;
3209 return $class->registered_data_handlers;
3213 sub setup_data_handlers {
3214 my ($class, %data_handler_callbacks) = @_;
3215 %data_handler_callbacks = (
3216 %{$class->default_data_handlers},
3217 %{$class->config->{'data_handlers'}||+{}},
3218 %data_handler_callbacks);
3220 $class->_data_handlers(\%data_handler_callbacks);
3223 sub default_data_handlers {
3226 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' => sub {
3227 my ($fh, $req) = @_;
3228 my $params = $req->_use_hash_multivalue ? $req->body_parameters->mixed : $req->body_parameters;
3229 Class::Load::load_first_existing_class('CGI::Struct::XS', 'CGI::Struct')
3230 ->can('build_cgi_struct')->($params);
3232 'application/json' => sub {
3233 Class::Load::load_first_existing_class('JSON::MaybeXS', 'JSON')
3234 ->can('decode_json')->(do { local $/; $_->getline });
3241 Returns an arrayref of the internal execution stack (actions that are
3242 currently executing).
3246 Returns the current timing statistics object. By default Catalyst uses
3247 L<Catalyst::Stats|Catalyst::Stats>, but can be set otherwise with
3248 L<< stats_class|/"$c->stats_class" >>.
3250 Even if L<< -Stats|/"-Stats" >> is not enabled, the stats object is still
3251 available. By enabling it with C< $c->stats->enabled(1) >, it can be used to
3252 profile explicitly, although MyApp.pm still won't profile nor output anything
3255 =head2 $c->stats_class
3257 Returns or sets the stats (timing statistics) class. L<Catalyst::Stats|Catalyst::Stats> is used by default.
3259 =head2 $c->use_stats
3261 Returns 1 when L<< stats collection|/"-Stats" >> is enabled.
3263 Note that this is a static method, not an accessor and should be overridden
3264 by declaring C<sub use_stats { 1 }> in your MyApp.pm, not by calling C<< $c->use_stats(1) >>.
3271 =head2 $c->write( $data )
3273 Writes $data to the output stream. When using this method directly, you
3274 will need to manually set the C<Content-Length> header to the length of
3275 your output data, if known.
3282 # Finalize headers if someone manually writes output (for compat)
3283 $c->finalize_headers;
3285 return $c->response->write( @_ );
3290 Returns the Catalyst version number. Mostly useful for "powered by"
3291 messages in template systems.
3295 sub version { return $Catalyst::VERSION }
3297 =head1 CONFIGURATION
3299 There are a number of 'base' config variables which can be set:
3305 C<default_model> - The default model picked if you say C<< $c->model >>. See L<< /$c->model($name) >>.
3309 C<default_view> - The default view to be rendered or returned when C<< $c->view >> is called. See L<< /$c->view($name) >>.
3313 C<disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback> - Turns
3314 off the deprecated component resolution functionality so
3315 that if any of the component methods (e.g. C<< $c->controller('Foo') >>)
3316 are called then regex search will not be attempted on string values and
3317 instead C<undef> will be returned.
3321 C<home> - The application home directory. In an uninstalled application,
3322 this is the top level application directory. In an installed application,
3323 this will be the directory containing C<< MyApp.pm >>.
3327 C<ignore_frontend_proxy> - See L</PROXY SUPPORT>
3331 C<name> - The name of the application in debug messages and the debug and
3336 C<parse_on_demand> - The request body (for example file uploads) will not be parsed
3337 until it is accessed. This allows you to (for example) check authentication (and reject
3338 the upload) before actually receiving all the data. See L</ON-DEMAND PARSER>
3342 C<root> - The root directory for templates. Usually this is just a
3343 subdirectory of the home directory, but you can set it to change the
3344 templates to a different directory.
3348 C<search_extra> - Array reference passed to Module::Pluggable to for additional
3349 namespaces from which components will be loaded (and constructed and stored in
3350 C<< $c->components >>).
3354 C<show_internal_actions> - If true, causes internal actions such as C<< _DISPATCH >>
3355 to be shown in hit debug tables in the test server.
3359 C<use_request_uri_for_path> - Controls if the C<REQUEST_URI> or C<PATH_INFO> environment
3360 variable should be used for determining the request path.
3362 Most web server environments pass the requested path to the application using environment variables,
3363 from which Catalyst has to reconstruct the request base (i.e. the top level path to / in the application,
3364 exposed as C<< $c->request->base >>) and the request path below that base.
3366 There are two methods of doing this, both of which have advantages and disadvantages. Which method is used
3367 is determined by the C<< $c->config(use_request_uri_for_path) >> setting (which can either be true or false).
3371 =item use_request_uri_for_path => 0
3373 This is the default (and the) traditional method that Catalyst has used for determining the path information.
3374 The path is generated from a combination of the C<PATH_INFO> and C<SCRIPT_NAME> environment variables.
3375 The allows the application to behave correctly when C<mod_rewrite> is being used to redirect requests
3376 into the application, as these variables are adjusted by mod_rewrite to take account for the redirect.
3378 However this method has the major disadvantage that it is impossible to correctly decode some elements
3379 of the path, as RFC 3875 says: "C<< Unlike a URI path, the PATH_INFO is not URL-encoded, and cannot
3380 contain path-segment parameters. >>" This means PATH_INFO is B<always> decoded, and therefore Catalyst
3381 can't distinguish / vs %2F in paths (in addition to other encoded values).
3383 =item use_request_uri_for_path => 1
3385 This method uses the C<REQUEST_URI> and C<SCRIPT_NAME> environment variables. As C<REQUEST_URI> is never
3386 decoded, this means that applications using this mode can correctly handle URIs including the %2F character
3387 (i.e. with C<AllowEncodedSlashes> set to C<On> in Apache).
3389 Given that this method of path resolution is provably more correct, it is recommended that you use
3390 this unless you have a specific need to deploy your application in a non-standard environment, and you are
3391 aware of the implications of not being able to handle encoded URI paths correctly.
3393 However it also means that in a number of cases when the app isn't installed directly at a path, but instead
3394 is having paths rewritten into it (e.g. as a .cgi/fcgi in a public_html directory, with mod_rewrite in a
3395 .htaccess file, or when SSI is used to rewrite pages into the app, or when sub-paths of the app are exposed
3396 at other URIs than that which the app is 'normally' based at with C<mod_rewrite>), the resolution of
3397 C<< $c->request->base >> will be incorrect.
3403 C<using_frontend_proxy> - See L</PROXY SUPPORT>.
3407 C<encoding> - See L</ENCODING>
3411 C<abort_chain_on_error_fix>
3413 When there is an error in an action chain, the default behavior is to continue
3414 processing the remaining actions and then catch the error upon chain end. This
3415 can lead to running actions when the application is in an unexpected state. If
3416 you have this issue, setting this config value to true will promptly exit a
3417 chain when there is an error raised in any action (thus terminating the chain
3422 __PACKAGE__->config(abort_chain_on_error_fix => 1);
3424 In the future this might become the default behavior.
3428 C<use_hash_multivalue_in_request>
3430 In L<Catalyst::Request> the methods C<query_parameters>, C<body_parametes>
3431 and C<parameters> return a hashref where values might be scalar or an arrayref
3432 depending on the incoming data. In many cases this can be undesirable as it
3433 leads one to writing defensive code like the following:
3435 my ($val) = ref($c->req->parameters->{a}) ?
3436 @{$c->req->parameters->{a}} :
3437 $c->req->parameters->{a};
3439 Setting this configuration item to true will make L<Catalyst> populate the
3440 attributes underlying these methods with an instance of L<Hash::MultiValue>
3441 which is used by L<Plack::Request> and others to solve this very issue. You
3442 may prefer this behavior to the default, if so enable this option (be warned
3443 if you enable it in a legacy application we are not sure if it is completely
3444 backwardly compatible).
3448 C<psgi_middleware> - See L<PSGI MIDDLEWARE>.
3452 C<data_handlers> - See L<DATA HANDLERS>.
3458 Generally when you throw an exception inside an Action (or somewhere in
3459 your stack, such as in a model that an Action is calling) that exception
3460 is caught by Catalyst and unless you either catch it yourself (via eval
3461 or something like L<Try::Tiny> or by reviewing the L</error> stack, it
3462 will eventually reach L</finalize_errors> and return either the debugging
3463 error stack page, or the default error page. However, if your exception
3464 can be caught by L<Plack::Middleware::HTTPExceptions>, L<Catalyst> will
3465 instead rethrow it so that it can be handled by that middleware (which
3466 is part of the default middleware). For example this would allow
3468 use HTTP::Throwable::Factory 'http_throw';
3470 sub throws_exception :Local {
3471 my ($self, $c) = @_;
3473 http_throw(SeeOther => { location =>
3474 $c->uri_for($self->action_for('redirect')) });
3478 =head1 INTERNAL ACTIONS
3480 Catalyst uses internal actions like C<_DISPATCH>, C<_BEGIN>, C<_AUTO>,
3481 C<_ACTION>, and C<_END>. These are by default not shown in the private
3482 action table, but you can make them visible with a config parameter.
3484 MyApp->config(show_internal_actions => 1);
3486 =head1 ON-DEMAND PARSER
3488 The request body is usually parsed at the beginning of a request,
3489 but if you want to handle input yourself, you can enable on-demand
3490 parsing with a config parameter.
3492 MyApp->config(parse_on_demand => 1);
3494 =head1 PROXY SUPPORT
3496 Many production servers operate using the common double-server approach,
3497 with a lightweight frontend web server passing requests to a larger
3498 backend server. An application running on the backend server must deal
3499 with two problems: the remote user always appears to be C<127.0.0.1> and
3500 the server's hostname will appear to be C<localhost> regardless of the
3501 virtual host that the user connected through.
3503 Catalyst will automatically detect this situation when you are running
3504 the frontend and backend servers on the same machine. The following
3505 changes are made to the request.
3507 $c->req->address is set to the user's real IP address, as read from
3508 the HTTP X-Forwarded-For header.
3510 The host value for $c->req->base and $c->req->uri is set to the real
3511 host, as read from the HTTP X-Forwarded-Host header.
3513 Additionally, you may be running your backend application on an insecure
3514 connection (port 80) while your frontend proxy is running under SSL. If there
3515 is a discrepancy in the ports, use the HTTP header C<X-Forwarded-Port> to
3516 tell Catalyst what port the frontend listens on. This will allow all URIs to
3517 be created properly.
3519 In the case of passing in:
3521 X-Forwarded-Port: 443
3523 All calls to C<uri_for> will result in an https link, as is expected.
3525 Obviously, your web server must support these headers for this to work.
3527 In a more complex server farm environment where you may have your
3528 frontend proxy server(s) on different machines, you will need to set a
3529 configuration option to tell Catalyst to read the proxied data from the
3532 MyApp->config(using_frontend_proxy => 1);
3534 If you do not wish to use the proxy support at all, you may set:
3536 MyApp->config(ignore_frontend_proxy => 0);
3538 =head2 Note about psgi files
3540 Note that if you supply your own .psgi file, calling
3541 C<< MyApp->psgi_app(@_); >>, then B<this will not happen automatically>.
3543 You either need to apply L<Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy> yourself
3544 in your psgi, for example:
3547 enable "Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy";
3551 This will unconditionally add the ReverseProxy support, or you need to call
3552 C<< $app = MyApp->apply_default_middlewares($app) >> (to conditionally
3553 apply the support depending upon your config).
3555 See L<Catalyst::PSGI> for more information.
3557 =head1 THREAD SAFETY
3559 Catalyst has been tested under Apache 2's threading C<mpm_worker>,
3560 C<mpm_winnt>, and the standalone forking HTTP server on Windows. We
3561 believe the Catalyst core to be thread-safe.
3563 If you plan to operate in a threaded environment, remember that all other
3564 modules you are using must also be thread-safe. Some modules, most notably
3565 L<DBD::SQLite>, are not thread-safe.
3567 =head1 DATA HANDLERS
3569 The L<Catalyst::Request> object uses L<HTTP::Body> to populate 'classic' HTML
3570 form parameters and URL search query fields. However it has become common
3571 for various alternative content types to be PUT or POSTed to your controllers
3572 and actions. People working on RESTful APIs, or using AJAX often use JSON,
3573 XML and other content types when communicating with an application server. In
3574 order to better support this use case, L<Catalyst> defines a global configuration
3575 option, C<data_handlers>, which lets you associate a content type with a coderef
3576 that parses that content type into something Perl can readily access.
3583 __PACKAGE__->config(
3585 'application/json' => sub { local $/; decode_json $_->getline },
3587 ## Any other configuration.
3592 By default L<Catalyst> comes with a generic JSON data handler similar to the
3593 example given above, which uses L<JSON::Maybe> to provide either L<JSON::PP>
3594 (a pure Perl, dependency free JSON parser) or L<Cpanel::JSON::XS> if you have
3595 it installed (if you want the faster XS parser, add it to you project Makefile.PL
3596 or dist.ini, cpanfile, etc.)
3598 The C<data_handlers> configuration is a hashref whose keys are HTTP Content-Types
3599 (matched against the incoming request type using a regexp such as to be case
3600 insensitive) and whose values are coderefs that receive a localized version of
3601 C<$_> which is a filehandle object pointing to received body.
3603 This feature is considered an early access release and we reserve the right
3604 to alter the interface in order to provide a performant and secure solution to
3605 alternative request body content. Your reports welcomed!
3607 =head1 PSGI MIDDLEWARE
3609 You can define middleware, defined as L<Plack::Middleware> or a compatible
3610 interface in configuration. Your middleware definitions are in the form of an
3611 arrayref under the configuration key C<psgi_middleware>. Here's an example
3612 with details to follow:
3617 use Plack::Middleware::StackTrace;
3619 my $stacktrace_middleware = Plack::Middleware::StackTrace->new;
3621 __PACKAGE__->config(
3622 'psgi_middleware', [
3625 $stacktrace_middleware,
3626 'Session' => {store => 'File'},
3631 $env->{myapp.customkey} = 'helloworld';
3640 So the general form is:
3642 __PACKAGE__->config(psgi_middleware => \@middleware_definitions);
3644 Where C<@middleware> is one or more of the following, applied in the REVERSE of
3645 the order listed (to make it function similarly to L<Plack::Builder>:
3647 Alternatively, you may also define middleware by calling the L</setup_middleware>
3654 __PACKAGE__->setup_middleware( \@middleware_definitions);
3657 In the case where you do both (use 'setup_middleware' and configuration) the
3658 package call to setup_middleware will be applied earlier (in other words its
3659 middleware will wrap closer to the application). Keep this in mind since in
3660 some cases the order of middleware is important.
3662 The two approaches are not exclusive.
3666 =item Middleware Object
3668 An already initialized object that conforms to the L<Plack::Middleware>
3671 my $stacktrace_middleware = Plack::Middleware::StackTrace->new;
3673 __PACKAGE__->config(
3674 'psgi_middleware', [
3675 $stacktrace_middleware,
3681 A coderef that is an inlined middleware:
3683 __PACKAGE__->config(
3684 'psgi_middleware', [
3689 if($env->{PATH_INFO} =~m/forced/) {
3691 ->new(file=>TestApp->path_to(qw/share static forced.txt/))
3694 return $app->($env);
3704 We assume the scalar refers to a namespace after normalizing it using the
3707 (1) If the scalar is prefixed with a "+" (as in C<+MyApp::Foo>) then the full string
3708 is assumed to be 'as is', and we just install and use the middleware.
3710 (2) If the scalar begins with "Plack::Middleware" or your application namespace
3711 (the package name of your Catalyst application subclass), we also assume then
3712 that it is a full namespace, and use it.
3714 (3) Lastly, we then assume that the scalar is a partial namespace, and attempt to
3715 resolve it first by looking for it under your application namespace (for example
3716 if you application is "MyApp::Web" and the scalar is "MyMiddleware", we'd look
3717 under "MyApp::Web::Middleware::MyMiddleware") and if we don't find it there, we
3718 will then look under the regular L<Plack::Middleware> namespace (i.e. for the
3719 previous we'd try "Plack::Middleware::MyMiddleware"). We look under your application
3720 namespace first to let you 'override' common L<Plack::Middleware> locally, should
3721 you find that a good idea.
3727 __PACKAGE__->config(
3728 'psgi_middleware', [
3729 'Debug', ## MyAppWeb::Middleware::Debug->wrap or Plack::Middleware::Debug->wrap
3730 'Plack::Middleware::Stacktrace', ## Plack::Middleware::Stacktrace->wrap
3731 '+MyApp::Custom', ## MyApp::Custom->wrap
3735 =item a scalar followed by a hashref
3737 Just like the previous, except the following C<HashRef> is used as arguments
3738 to initialize the middleware object.
3740 __PACKAGE__->config(
3741 'psgi_middleware', [
3742 'Session' => {store => 'File'},
3747 Please see L<PSGI> for more on middleware.
3751 On request, decodes all params from encoding into a sequence of
3752 logical characters. On response, encodes body into encoding.
3760 Returns an instance of an C<Encode> encoding
3762 print $c->encoding->name
3764 =item handle_unicode_encoding_exception ($exception_context)
3766 Method called when decoding process for a request fails.
3768 An C<$exception_context> hashref is provided to allow you to override the
3769 behaviour of your application when given data with incorrect encodings.
3771 The default method throws exceptions in the case of invalid request parameters
3772 (resulting in a 500 error), but ignores errors in upload filenames.
3774 The keys passed in the C<$exception_context> hash are:
3780 The value which was not able to be decoded.
3784 The exception received from L<Encode>.
3788 What type of data was being decoded. Valid values are (currently)
3789 C<params> - for request parameters / arguments / captures
3790 and C<uploads> - for request upload filenames.
3800 Join #catalyst on irc.perl.org.
3804 http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst
3805 http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst-dev
3809 http://catalyst.perl.org
3813 http://dev.catalyst.perl.org
3817 =head2 L<Task::Catalyst> - All you need to start with Catalyst
3819 =head2 L<Catalyst::Manual> - The Catalyst Manual
3821 =head2 L<Catalyst::Component>, L<Catalyst::Controller> - Base classes for components
3823 =head2 L<Catalyst::Engine> - Core engine
3825 =head2 L<Catalyst::Log> - Log class.
3827 =head2 L<Catalyst::Request> - Request object
3829 =head2 L<Catalyst::Response> - Response object
3831 =head2 L<Catalyst::Test> - The test suite.
3833 =head1 PROJECT FOUNDER
3835 sri: Sebastian Riedel <sri@cpan.org>
3841 acme: Leon Brocard <leon@astray.com>
3843 abraxxa: Alexander Hartmaier <abraxxa@cpan.org>
3847 Andrew Ford E<lt>A.Ford@ford-mason.co.ukE<gt>
3851 andyg: Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
3853 audreyt: Audrey Tang
3855 bricas: Brian Cassidy <bricas@cpan.org>
3857 Caelum: Rafael Kitover <rkitover@io.com>
3859 chansen: Christian Hansen
3861 chicks: Christopher Hicks
3863 Chisel Wright C<pause@herlpacker.co.uk>
3865 Danijel Milicevic C<me@danijel.de>
3867 David Kamholz E<lt>dkamholz@cpan.orgE<gt>
3869 David Naughton, C<naughton@umn.edu>
3873 dhoss: Devin Austin <dhoss@cpan.org>
3875 dkubb: Dan Kubb <dan.kubb-cpan@onautopilot.com>
3879 dwc: Daniel Westermann-Clark <danieltwc@cpan.org>
3881 esskar: Sascha Kiefer
3883 fireartist: Carl Franks <cfranks@cpan.org>
3885 frew: Arthur Axel "fREW" Schmidt <frioux@gmail.com>
3887 gabb: Danijel Milicevic
3891 Gavin Henry C<ghenry@perl.me.uk>
3895 groditi: Guillermo Roditi <groditi@gmail.com>
3897 hobbs: Andrew Rodland <andrew@cleverdomain.org>
3899 ilmari: Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker <ilmari@ilmari.org>
3901 jcamacho: Juan Camacho
3903 jester: Jesse Sheidlower C<jester@panix.com>
3905 jhannah: Jay Hannah <jay@jays.net>
3911 jon: Jon Schutz <jjschutz@cpan.org>
3913 Jonathan Rockway C<< <jrockway@cpan.org> >>
3915 Kieren Diment C<kd@totaldatasolution.com>
3917 konobi: Scott McWhirter <konobi@cpan.org>
3919 marcus: Marcus Ramberg <mramberg@cpan.org>
3921 miyagawa: Tatsuhiko Miyagawa <miyagawa@bulknews.net>
3923 mgrimes: Mark Grimes <mgrimes@cpan.org>
3925 mst: Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
3929 naughton: David Naughton
3931 ningu: David Kamholz <dkamholz@cpan.org>
3933 nothingmuch: Yuval Kogman <nothingmuch@woobling.org>
3935 numa: Dan Sully <daniel@cpan.org>
3941 omega: Andreas Marienborg
3943 Oleg Kostyuk <cub.uanic@gmail.com>
3945 phaylon: Robert Sedlacek <phaylon@dunkelheit.at>
3947 rafl: Florian Ragwitz <rafl@debian.org>
3949 random: Roland Lammel <lammel@cpan.org>
3951 Robert Sedlacek C<< <rs@474.at> >>
3953 SpiceMan: Marcel Montes
3957 szbalint: Balint Szilakszi <szbalint@cpan.org>
3959 t0m: Tomas Doran <bobtfish@bobtfish.net>
3963 vanstyn: Henry Van Styn <vanstyn@cpan.org>
3965 Viljo Marrandi C<vilts@yahoo.com>
3967 Will Hawes C<info@whawes.co.uk>
3969 willert: Sebastian Willert <willert@cpan.org>
3971 wreis: Wallace Reis <wreis@cpan.org>
3973 Yuval Kogman, C<nothingmuch@woobling.org>
3975 rainboxx: Matthias Dietrich, C<perl@rainboxx.de>
3977 dd070: Dhaval Dhanani <dhaval070@gmail.com>
3979 Upasana <me@upasana.me>
3983 Copyright (c) 2005-2014, the above named PROJECT FOUNDER and CONTRIBUTORS.
3987 This library is free software. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
3988 the same terms as Perl itself.
3994 __PACKAGE__->meta->make_immutable;