4 use Moose::Meta::Class ();
5 extends 'Catalyst::Component';
6 use Moose::Util qw/find_meta/;
7 use namespace::clean -except => 'meta';
8 use Catalyst::Exception;
9 use Catalyst::Exception::Detach;
10 use Catalyst::Exception::Go;
12 use Catalyst::Request;
13 use Catalyst::Request::Upload;
14 use Catalyst::Response;
16 use Catalyst::Controller;
18 use Devel::InnerPackage ();
19 use Module::Pluggable::Object ();
20 use Text::SimpleTable ();
21 use Path::Class::Dir ();
22 use Path::Class::File ();
27 use Tree::Simple qw/use_weak_refs/;
28 use Tree::Simple::Visitor::FindByUID;
29 use Class::C3::Adopt::NEXT;
30 use List::MoreUtils qw/uniq/;
32 use String::RewritePrefix;
33 use Catalyst::EngineLoader;
35 use Carp qw/croak carp shortmess/;
38 use Moose::Util 'find_meta';
39 use Plack::Middleware::Conditional;
40 use Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy;
41 use Plack::Middleware::IIS6ScriptNameFix;
42 use Plack::Middleware::IIS7KeepAliveFix;
43 use Plack::Middleware::LighttpdScriptNameFix;
44 use Plack::Middleware::ContentLength;
45 use Plack::Middleware::Head;
46 use Plack::Middleware::HTTPExceptions;
47 use Plack::Middleware::FixMissingBodyInRedirect;
48 use Plack::Middleware::MethodOverride;
49 use Plack::Middleware::RemoveRedundantBody;
50 use Catalyst::Middleware::Stash;
52 use Class::Load 'load_class';
54 BEGIN { require 5.008003; }
56 has stack => (is => 'ro', default => sub { [] });
57 #has stash => (is => 'rw', default => sub { {} });
58 has state => (is => 'rw', default => 0);
59 has stats => (is => 'rw');
60 has action => (is => 'rw');
61 has counter => (is => 'rw', default => sub { {} });
66 $self->request_class->new($self->_build_request_constructor_args);
70 sub _build_request_constructor_args {
72 my %p = ( _log => $self->log );
73 $p{_uploadtmp} = $self->_uploadtmp if $self->_has_uploadtmp;
74 $p{data_handlers} = {$self->registered_data_handlers};
75 $p{_use_hash_multivalue} = $self->config->{use_hash_multivalue_in_request}
76 if $self->config->{use_hash_multivalue_in_request};
84 $self->response_class->new($self->_build_response_constructor_args);
88 sub _build_response_constructor_args {
90 { _log => $self->log };
93 has namespace => (is => 'rw');
95 sub depth { scalar @{ shift->stack || [] }; }
96 sub comp { shift->component(@_) }
99 my $self = shift; return $self->request(@_);
102 my $self = shift; return $self->response(@_);
105 # For backwards compatibility
106 sub finalize_output { shift->finalize_body(@_) };
111 our $RECURSION = 1000;
112 our $DETACH = Catalyst::Exception::Detach->new;
113 our $GO = Catalyst::Exception::Go->new;
115 #I imagine that very few of these really need to be class variables. if any.
116 #maybe we should just make them attributes with a default?
117 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata($_)
118 for qw/components arguments dispatcher engine log dispatcher_class
119 engine_loader context_class request_class response_class stats_class
120 setup_finished _psgi_app loading_psgi_file run_options _psgi_middleware
123 __PACKAGE__->dispatcher_class('Catalyst::Dispatcher');
124 __PACKAGE__->request_class('Catalyst::Request');
125 __PACKAGE__->response_class('Catalyst::Response');
126 __PACKAGE__->stats_class('Catalyst::Stats');
128 # Remember to update this in Catalyst::Runtime as well!
130 our $VERSION = '5.90069_001';
133 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
135 # We have to limit $class to Catalyst to avoid pushing Catalyst upon every
137 return unless $class eq 'Catalyst';
139 my $caller = caller();
140 return if $caller eq 'main';
142 my $meta = Moose::Meta::Class->initialize($caller);
143 unless ( $caller->isa('Catalyst') ) {
144 my @superclasses = ($meta->superclasses, $class, 'Catalyst::Controller');
145 $meta->superclasses(@superclasses);
147 # Avoid possible C3 issues if 'Moose::Object' is already on RHS of MyApp
148 $meta->superclasses(grep { $_ ne 'Moose::Object' } $meta->superclasses);
150 unless( $meta->has_method('meta') ){
151 if ($Moose::VERSION >= 1.15) {
152 $meta->_add_meta_method('meta');
155 $meta->add_method(meta => sub { Moose::Meta::Class->initialize("${caller}") } );
159 $caller->arguments( [@arguments] );
163 sub _application { $_[0] }
169 Catalyst - The Elegant MVC Web Application Framework
173 See the L<Catalyst::Manual> distribution for comprehensive
174 documentation and tutorials.
176 # Install Catalyst::Devel for helpers and other development tools
177 # use the helper to create a new application
180 # add models, views, controllers
181 script/myapp_create.pl model MyDatabase DBIC::Schema create=static dbi:SQLite:/path/to/db
182 script/myapp_create.pl view MyTemplate TT
183 script/myapp_create.pl controller Search
185 # built in testserver -- use -r to restart automatically on changes
186 # --help to see all available options
187 script/myapp_server.pl
189 # command line testing interface
190 script/myapp_test.pl /yada
193 use Catalyst qw/-Debug/; # include plugins here as well
195 ### In lib/MyApp/Controller/Root.pm (autocreated)
196 sub foo : Chained('/') Args() { # called for /foo, /foo/1, /foo/1/2, etc.
197 my ( $self, $c, @args ) = @_; # args are qw/1 2/ for /foo/1/2
198 $c->stash->{template} = 'foo.tt'; # set the template
199 # lookup something from db -- stash vars are passed to TT
201 $c->model('Database::Foo')->search( { country => $args[0] } );
202 if ( $c->req->params->{bar} ) { # access GET or POST parameters
203 $c->forward( 'bar' ); # process another action
204 # do something else after forward returns
208 # The foo.tt TT template can use the stash data from the database
209 [% WHILE (item = data.next) %]
213 # called for /bar/of/soap, /bar/of/soap/10, etc.
214 sub bar : Chained('/') PathPart('/bar/of/soap') Args() { ... }
216 # called after all actions are finished
218 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
219 if ( scalar @{ $c->error } ) { ... } # handle errors
220 return if $c->res->body; # already have a response
221 $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' ); # render template
224 See L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro> for additional information.
228 Catalyst is a modern framework for making web applications without the
229 pain usually associated with this process. This document is a reference
230 to the main Catalyst application. If you are a new user, we suggest you
231 start with L<Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial> or L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro>.
233 See L<Catalyst::Manual> for more documentation.
235 Catalyst plugins can be loaded by naming them as arguments to the "use
236 Catalyst" statement. Omit the C<Catalyst::Plugin::> prefix from the
237 plugin name, i.e., C<Catalyst::Plugin::My::Module> becomes
240 use Catalyst qw/My::Module/;
242 If your plugin starts with a name other than C<Catalyst::Plugin::>, you can
243 fully qualify the name by using a unary plus:
247 +Fully::Qualified::Plugin::Name
250 Special flags like C<-Debug> can also be specified as
251 arguments when Catalyst is loaded:
253 use Catalyst qw/-Debug My::Module/;
255 The position of plugins and flags in the chain is important, because
256 they are loaded in the order in which they appear.
258 The following flags are supported:
262 Enables debug output. You can also force this setting from the system
263 environment with CATALYST_DEBUG or <MYAPP>_DEBUG. The environment
264 settings override the application, with <MYAPP>_DEBUG having the highest
267 This sets the log level to 'debug' and enables full debug output on the
268 error screen. If you only want the latter, see L<< $c->debug >>.
272 Forces Catalyst to use a specific home directory, e.g.:
274 use Catalyst qw[-Home=/usr/mst];
276 This can also be done in the shell environment by setting either the
277 C<CATALYST_HOME> environment variable or C<MYAPP_HOME>; where C<MYAPP>
278 is replaced with the uppercased name of your application, any "::" in
279 the name will be replaced with underscores, e.g. MyApp::Web should use
280 MYAPP_WEB_HOME. If both variables are set, the MYAPP_HOME one will be used.
282 If none of these are set, Catalyst will attempt to automatically detect the
283 home directory. If you are working in a development environment, Catalyst
284 will try and find the directory containing either Makefile.PL, Build.PL,
285 dist.ini, or cpanfile. If the application has been installed into the system
286 (i.e. you have done C<make install>), then Catalyst will use the path to your
287 application module, without the .pm extension (e.g., /foo/MyApp if your
288 application was installed at /foo/MyApp.pm)
292 use Catalyst '-Log=warn,fatal,error';
294 Specifies a comma-delimited list of log levels.
298 Enables statistics collection and reporting.
300 use Catalyst qw/-Stats=1/;
302 You can also force this setting from the system environment with CATALYST_STATS
303 or <MYAPP>_STATS. The environment settings override the application, with
304 <MYAPP>_STATS having the highest priority.
306 Stats are also enabled if L<< debugging |/"-Debug" >> is enabled.
310 =head2 INFORMATION ABOUT THE CURRENT REQUEST
314 Returns a L<Catalyst::Action> object for the current action, which
315 stringifies to the action name. See L<Catalyst::Action>.
319 Returns the namespace of the current action, i.e., the URI prefix
320 corresponding to the controller of the current action. For example:
322 # in Controller::Foo::Bar
323 $c->namespace; # returns 'foo/bar';
329 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Request> object, giving access to
330 information about the current client request (including parameters,
331 cookies, HTTP headers, etc.). See L<Catalyst::Request>.
333 =head2 REQUEST FLOW HANDLING
335 =head2 $c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )
337 =head2 $c->forward( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
339 This is one way of calling another action (method) in the same or
340 a different controller. You can also use C<< $self->my_method($c, @args) >>
341 in the same controller or C<< $c->controller('MyController')->my_method($c, @args) >>
342 in a different controller.
343 The main difference is that 'forward' uses some of the Catalyst request
344 cycle overhead, including debugging, which may be useful to you. On the
345 other hand, there are some complications to using 'forward', restrictions
346 on values returned from 'forward', and it may not handle errors as you prefer.
347 Whether you use 'forward' or not is up to you; it is not considered superior to
348 the other ways to call a method.
350 'forward' calls another action, by its private name. If you give a
351 class name but no method, C<process()> is called. You may also optionally
352 pass arguments in an arrayref. The action will receive the arguments in
353 C<@_> and C<< $c->req->args >>. Upon returning from the function,
354 C<< $c->req->args >> will be restored to the previous values.
356 Any data C<return>ed from the action forwarded to, will be returned by the
359 my $foodata = $c->forward('/foo');
360 $c->forward('index');
361 $c->forward(qw/Model::DBIC::Foo do_stuff/);
362 $c->forward('View::TT');
364 Note that L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >> implies
365 an C<< eval { } >> around the call (actually
366 L<< execute|/"$c->execute( $class, $coderef )" >> does), thus rendering all
367 exceptions thrown by the called action non-fatal and pushing them onto
368 $c->error instead. If you want C<die> to propagate you need to do something
372 die join "\n", @{ $c->error } if @{ $c->error };
374 Or make sure to always return true values from your actions and write
377 $c->forward('foo') || return;
379 Another note is that C<< $c->forward >> always returns a scalar because it
380 actually returns $c->state which operates in a scalar context.
381 Thus, something like:
385 in an action that is forwarded to is going to return a scalar,
386 i.e. how many items are in that array, which is probably not what you want.
387 If you need to return an array then return a reference to it,
390 $c->stash->{array} = \@array;
392 and access it from the stash.
394 Keep in mind that the C<end> method used is that of the caller action. So a C<$c-E<gt>detach> inside a forwarded action would run the C<end> method from the original action requested.
398 sub forward { my $c = shift; no warnings 'recursion'; $c->dispatcher->forward( $c, @_ ) }
400 =head2 $c->detach( $action [, \@arguments ] )
402 =head2 $c->detach( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
406 The same as L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>, but
407 doesn't return to the previous action when processing is finished.
409 When called with no arguments it escapes the processing chain entirely.
413 sub detach { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->detach( $c, @_ ) }
415 =head2 $c->visit( $action [, \@arguments ] )
417 =head2 $c->visit( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
419 =head2 $c->visit( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
421 =head2 $c->visit( $class, $method, [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
423 Almost the same as L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>,
424 but does a full dispatch, instead of just calling the new C<$action> /
425 C<< $class->$method >>. This means that C<begin>, C<auto> and the method
426 you go to are called, just like a new request.
428 In addition both C<< $c->action >> and C<< $c->namespace >> are localized.
429 This means, for example, that C<< $c->action >> methods such as
430 L<name|Catalyst::Action/name>, L<class|Catalyst::Action/class> and
431 L<reverse|Catalyst::Action/reverse> return information for the visited action
432 when they are invoked within the visited action. This is different from the
433 behavior of L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>, which
434 continues to use the $c->action object from the caller action even when
435 invoked from the called action.
437 C<< $c->stash >> is kept unchanged.
439 In effect, L<< visit|/"$c->visit( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )" >>
440 allows you to "wrap" another action, just as it would have been called by
441 dispatching from a URL, while the analogous
442 L<< go|/"$c->go( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )" >> allows you to
443 transfer control to another action as if it had been reached directly from a URL.
447 sub visit { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->visit( $c, @_ ) }
449 =head2 $c->go( $action [, \@arguments ] )
451 =head2 $c->go( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
453 =head2 $c->go( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
455 =head2 $c->go( $class, $method, [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
457 The relationship between C<go> and
458 L<< visit|/"$c->visit( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )" >> is the same as
459 the relationship between
460 L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )" >> and
461 L<< detach|/"$c->detach( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>. Like C<< $c->visit >>,
462 C<< $c->go >> will perform a full dispatch on the specified action or method,
463 with localized C<< $c->action >> and C<< $c->namespace >>. Like C<detach>,
464 C<go> escapes the processing of the current request chain on completion, and
465 does not return to its caller.
467 @arguments are arguments to the final destination of $action. @captures are
468 arguments to the intermediate steps, if any, on the way to the final sub of
473 sub go { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->go( $c, @_ ) }
479 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Response> object, see there for details.
483 Returns a hashref to the stash, which may be used to store data and pass
484 it between components during a request. You can also set hash keys by
485 passing arguments. The stash is automatically sent to the view. The
486 stash is cleared at the end of a request; it cannot be used for
487 persistent storage (for this you must use a session; see
488 L<Catalyst::Plugin::Session> for a complete system integrated with
491 $c->stash->{foo} = $bar;
492 $c->stash( { moose => 'majestic', qux => 0 } );
493 $c->stash( bar => 1, gorch => 2 ); # equivalent to passing a hashref
495 # stash is automatically passed to the view for use in a template
496 $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' );
500 around stash => sub {
503 my $stash = $orig->($c);
505 my $new_stash = @_ > 1 ? {@_} : $_[0];
506 croak('stash takes a hash or hashref') unless ref $new_stash;
507 foreach my $key ( keys %$new_stash ) {
508 $stash->{$key} = $new_stash->{$key};
519 my $stash = Catalyst::Middleware::Stash->get($c->req->env);
521 my $new_stash = @_ > 1 ? {@_} : $_[0];
522 croak('stash takes a hash or hashref') unless ref $new_stash;
523 foreach my $key ( keys %$new_stash ) {
524 $stash->{$key} = $new_stash->{$key};
532 =head2 $c->error($error, ...)
534 =head2 $c->error($arrayref)
536 Returns an arrayref containing error messages. If Catalyst encounters an
537 error while processing a request, it stores the error in $c->error. This
538 method should only be used to store fatal error messages.
540 my @error = @{ $c->error };
544 $c->error('Something bad happened');
551 my $error = ref $_[0] eq 'ARRAY' ? $_[0] : [@_];
552 croak @$error unless ref $c;
553 push @{ $c->{error} }, @$error;
555 elsif ( defined $_[0] ) { $c->{error} = undef }
556 return $c->{error} || [];
562 Contains the return value of the last executed action.
563 Note that << $c->state >> operates in a scalar context which means that all
564 values it returns are scalar.
566 =head2 $c->clear_errors
568 Clear errors. You probably don't want to clear the errors unless you are
569 implementing a custom error screen.
571 This is equivalent to running
582 =head2 $c->has_errors
584 Returns true if you have errors
588 sub has_errors { scalar(@{shift->error}) ? 1:0 }
590 sub _comp_search_prefixes {
592 return map $c->components->{ $_ }, $c->_comp_names_search_prefixes(@_);
595 # search components given a name and some prefixes
596 sub _comp_names_search_prefixes {
597 my ( $c, $name, @prefixes ) = @_;
598 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
599 my $filter = "^${appclass}::(" . join( '|', @prefixes ) . ')::';
600 $filter = qr/$filter/; # Compile regex now rather than once per loop
602 # map the original component name to the sub part that we will search against
603 my %eligible = map { my $n = $_; $n =~ s{^$appclass\::[^:]+::}{}; $_ => $n; }
604 grep { /$filter/ } keys %{ $c->components };
606 # undef for a name will return all
607 return keys %eligible if !defined $name;
609 my $query = $name->$_isa('Regexp') ? $name : qr/^$name$/i;
610 my @result = grep { $eligible{$_} =~ m{$query} } keys %eligible;
612 return @result if @result;
614 # if we were given a regexp to search against, we're done.
615 return if $name->$_isa('Regexp');
617 # skip regexp fallback if configured
619 if $appclass->config->{disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback};
623 @result = grep { $eligible{ $_ } =~ m{$query} } keys %eligible;
625 # no results? try against full names
627 @result = grep { m{$query} } keys %eligible;
630 # don't warn if we didn't find any results, it just might not exist
632 # Disgusting hack to work out correct method name
633 my $warn_for = lc $prefixes[0];
634 my $msg = "Used regexp fallback for \$c->${warn_for}('${name}'), which found '" .
635 (join '", "', @result) . "'. Relying on regexp fallback behavior for " .
636 "component resolution is unreliable and unsafe.";
637 my $short = $result[0];
638 # remove the component namespace prefix
639 $short =~ s/.*?(Model|Controller|View):://;
640 my $shortmess = Carp::shortmess('');
641 if ($shortmess =~ m#Catalyst/Plugin#) {
642 $msg .= " You probably need to set '$short' instead of '${name}' in this " .
644 } elsif ($shortmess =~ m#Catalyst/lib/(View|Controller)#) {
645 $msg .= " You probably need to set '$short' instead of '${name}' in this " .
646 "component's config";
648 $msg .= " You probably meant \$c->${warn_for}('$short') instead of \$c->${warn_for}('${name}'), " .
649 "but if you really wanted to search, pass in a regexp as the argument " .
650 "like so: \$c->${warn_for}(qr/${name}/)";
652 $c->log->warn( "${msg}$shortmess" );
658 # Find possible names for a prefix
660 my ( $c, @prefixes ) = @_;
661 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
663 my $filter = "^${appclass}::(" . join( '|', @prefixes ) . ')::';
665 my @names = map { s{$filter}{}; $_; }
666 $c->_comp_names_search_prefixes( undef, @prefixes );
671 # Filter a component before returning by calling ACCEPT_CONTEXT if available
672 sub _filter_component {
673 my ( $c, $comp, @args ) = @_;
675 if ( eval { $comp->can('ACCEPT_CONTEXT'); } ) {
676 return $comp->ACCEPT_CONTEXT( $c, @args );
682 =head2 COMPONENT ACCESSORS
684 =head2 $c->controller($name)
686 Gets a L<Catalyst::Controller> instance by name.
688 $c->controller('Foo')->do_stuff;
690 If the name is omitted, will return the controller for the dispatched
693 If you want to search for controllers, pass in a regexp as the argument.
695 # find all controllers that start with Foo
696 my @foo_controllers = $c->controller(qr{^Foo});
702 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
704 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
706 unless ( $name->$_isa('Regexp') ) { # Direct component hash lookup to avoid costly regexps
707 my $comps = $c->components;
708 my $check = $appclass."::Controller::".$name;
709 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{$check}, @args ) if exists $comps->{$check};
711 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Controller C/ );
712 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
713 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
716 return $c->component( $c->action->class );
719 =head2 $c->model($name)
721 Gets a L<Catalyst::Model> instance by name.
723 $c->model('Foo')->do_stuff;
725 Any extra arguments are directly passed to ACCEPT_CONTEXT.
727 If the name is omitted, it will look for
728 - a model object in $c->stash->{current_model_instance}, then
729 - a model name in $c->stash->{current_model}, then
730 - a config setting 'default_model', or
731 - check if there is only one model, and return it if that's the case.
733 If you want to search for models, pass in a regexp as the argument.
735 # find all models that start with Foo
736 my @foo_models = $c->model(qr{^Foo});
741 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
742 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
744 unless ( $name->$_isa('Regexp') ) { # Direct component hash lookup to avoid costly regexps
745 my $comps = $c->components;
746 my $check = $appclass."::Model::".$name;
747 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{$check}, @args ) if exists $comps->{$check};
749 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Model M/ );
750 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
751 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
755 return $c->stash->{current_model_instance}
756 if $c->stash->{current_model_instance};
757 return $c->model( $c->stash->{current_model} )
758 if $c->stash->{current_model};
760 return $c->model( $appclass->config->{default_model} )
761 if $appclass->config->{default_model};
763 my( $comp, $rest ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( undef, qw/Model M/);
766 $c->log->warn( Carp::shortmess('Calling $c->model() will return a random model unless you specify one of:') );
767 $c->log->warn( '* $c->config(default_model => "the name of the default model to use")' );
768 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_model} # the name of the model to use for this request' );
769 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_model_instance} # the instance of the model to use for this request' );
770 $c->log->warn( 'NB: in version 5.81, the "random" behavior will not work at all.' );
773 return $c->_filter_component( $comp );
777 =head2 $c->view($name)
779 Gets a L<Catalyst::View> instance by name.
781 $c->view('Foo')->do_stuff;
783 Any extra arguments are directly passed to ACCEPT_CONTEXT.
785 If the name is omitted, it will look for
786 - a view object in $c->stash->{current_view_instance}, then
787 - a view name in $c->stash->{current_view}, then
788 - a config setting 'default_view', or
789 - check if there is only one view, and return it if that's the case.
791 If you want to search for views, pass in a regexp as the argument.
793 # find all views that start with Foo
794 my @foo_views = $c->view(qr{^Foo});
799 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
801 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
803 unless ( $name->$_isa('Regexp') ) { # Direct component hash lookup to avoid costly regexps
804 my $comps = $c->components;
805 my $check = $appclass."::View::".$name;
806 if( exists $comps->{$check} ) {
807 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{$check}, @args );
810 $c->log->warn( "Attempted to use view '$check', but does not exist" );
813 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/View V/ );
814 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
815 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
819 return $c->stash->{current_view_instance}
820 if $c->stash->{current_view_instance};
821 return $c->view( $c->stash->{current_view} )
822 if $c->stash->{current_view};
824 return $c->view( $appclass->config->{default_view} )
825 if $appclass->config->{default_view};
827 my( $comp, $rest ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( undef, qw/View V/);
830 $c->log->warn( 'Calling $c->view() will return a random view unless you specify one of:' );
831 $c->log->warn( '* $c->config(default_view => "the name of the default view to use")' );
832 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_view} # the name of the view to use for this request' );
833 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_view_instance} # the instance of the view to use for this request' );
834 $c->log->warn( 'NB: in version 5.81, the "random" behavior will not work at all.' );
837 return $c->_filter_component( $comp );
840 =head2 $c->controllers
842 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->controller
848 return $c->_comp_names(qw/Controller C/);
853 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->model
859 return $c->_comp_names(qw/Model M/);
865 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->view
871 return $c->_comp_names(qw/View V/);
874 =head2 $c->comp($name)
876 =head2 $c->component($name)
878 Gets a component object by name. This method is not recommended,
879 unless you want to get a specific component by full
880 class. C<< $c->controller >>, C<< $c->model >>, and C<< $c->view >>
881 should be used instead.
883 If C<$name> is a regexp, a list of components matched against the full
884 component name will be returned.
886 If Catalyst can't find a component by name, it will fallback to regex
887 matching by default. To disable this behaviour set
888 disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback to a true value.
890 __PACKAGE__->config( disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback => 1 );
895 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
898 my $comps = $c->components;
901 # is it the exact name?
902 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{ $name }, @args )
903 if exists $comps->{ $name };
905 # perhaps we just omitted "MyApp"?
906 my $composed = ( ref $c || $c ) . "::${name}";
907 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{ $composed }, @args )
908 if exists $comps->{ $composed };
910 # search all of the models, views and controllers
911 my( $comp ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Model M Controller C View V/ );
912 return $c->_filter_component( $comp, @args ) if $comp;
916 if $c->config->{disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback};
918 # This is here so $c->comp( '::M::' ) works
919 my $query = ref $name ? $name : qr{$name}i;
921 my @result = grep { m{$query} } keys %{ $c->components };
922 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
925 $c->log->warn( Carp::shortmess(qq(Found results for "${name}" using regexp fallback)) );
926 $c->log->warn( 'Relying on the regexp fallback behavior for component resolution' );
927 $c->log->warn( 'is unreliable and unsafe. You have been warned' );
928 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
931 # I would expect to return an empty list here, but that breaks back-compat
935 return sort keys %{ $c->components };
938 =head2 CLASS DATA AND HELPER CLASSES
942 Returns or takes a hashref containing the application's configuration.
944 __PACKAGE__->config( { db => 'dsn:SQLite:foo.db' } );
946 You can also use a C<YAML>, C<XML> or L<Config::General> config file
947 like C<myapp.conf> in your applications home directory. See
948 L<Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader>.
950 =head3 Cascading configuration
952 The config method is present on all Catalyst components, and configuration
953 will be merged when an application is started. Configuration loaded with
954 L<Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader> takes precedence over other configuration,
955 followed by configuration in your top level C<MyApp> class. These two
956 configurations are merged, and then configuration data whose hash key matches a
957 component name is merged with configuration for that component.
959 The configuration for a component is then passed to the C<new> method when a
960 component is constructed.
964 MyApp->config({ 'Model::Foo' => { bar => 'baz', overrides => 'me' } });
965 MyApp::Model::Foo->config({ quux => 'frob', overrides => 'this' });
967 will mean that C<MyApp::Model::Foo> receives the following data when
970 MyApp::Model::Foo->new({
976 It's common practice to use a Moose attribute
977 on the receiving component to access the config value.
979 package MyApp::Model::Foo;
983 # this attr will receive 'baz' at construction time
989 You can then get the value 'baz' by calling $c->model('Foo')->bar
990 (or $self->bar inside code in the model).
992 B<NOTE:> you MUST NOT call C<< $self->config >> or C<< __PACKAGE__->config >>
993 as a way of reading config within your code, as this B<will not> give you the
994 correctly merged config back. You B<MUST> take the config values supplied to
995 the constructor and use those instead.
999 around config => sub {
1003 croak('Setting config after setup has been run is not allowed.')
1004 if ( @_ and $c->setup_finished );
1011 Returns the logging object instance. Unless it is already set, Catalyst
1012 sets this up with a L<Catalyst::Log> object. To use your own log class,
1013 set the logger with the C<< __PACKAGE__->log >> method prior to calling
1014 C<< __PACKAGE__->setup >>.
1016 __PACKAGE__->log( MyLogger->new );
1021 $c->log->info( 'Now logging with my own logger!' );
1023 Your log class should implement the methods described in
1029 Returns 1 if debug mode is enabled, 0 otherwise.
1031 You can enable debug mode in several ways:
1035 =item By calling myapp_server.pl with the -d flag
1037 =item With the environment variables MYAPP_DEBUG, or CATALYST_DEBUG
1039 =item The -Debug option in your MyApp.pm
1041 =item By declaring C<sub debug { 1 }> in your MyApp.pm.
1045 The first three also set the log level to 'debug'.
1047 Calling C<< $c->debug(1) >> has no effect.
1053 =head2 $c->dispatcher
1055 Returns the dispatcher instance. See L<Catalyst::Dispatcher>.
1059 Returns the engine instance. See L<Catalyst::Engine>.
1062 =head2 UTILITY METHODS
1064 =head2 $c->path_to(@path)
1066 Merges C<@path> with C<< $c->config->{home} >> and returns a
1067 L<Path::Class::Dir> object. Note you can usually use this object as
1068 a filename, but sometimes you will have to explicitly stringify it
1069 yourself by calling the C<< ->stringify >> method.
1073 $c->path_to( 'db', 'sqlite.db' );
1078 my ( $c, @path ) = @_;
1079 my $path = Path::Class::Dir->new( $c->config->{home}, @path );
1080 if ( -d $path ) { return $path }
1081 else { return Path::Class::File->new( $c->config->{home}, @path ) }
1085 my ( $class, $name, $plugin, @args ) = @_;
1087 # See block comment in t/unit_core_plugin.t
1088 $class->log->warn(qq/Adding plugin using the ->plugin method is deprecated, and will be removed in a future release/);
1090 $class->_register_plugin( $plugin, 1 );
1092 eval { $plugin->import };
1093 $class->mk_classdata($name);
1095 eval { $obj = $plugin->new(@args) };
1098 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
1099 qq/Couldn't instantiate instant plugin "$plugin", "$@"/ );
1102 $class->$name($obj);
1103 $class->log->debug(qq/Initialized instant plugin "$plugin" as "$name"/)
1109 Initializes the dispatcher and engine, loads any plugins, and loads the
1110 model, view, and controller components. You may also specify an array
1111 of plugins to load here, if you choose to not load them in the C<use
1115 MyApp->setup( qw/-Debug/ );
1117 B<Note:> You B<should not> wrap this method with method modifiers
1118 or bad things will happen - wrap the C<setup_finalize> method instead.
1123 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
1124 croak('Running setup more than once')
1125 if ( $class->setup_finished );
1127 unless ( $class->isa('Catalyst') ) {
1129 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
1130 message => qq/'$class' does not inherit from Catalyst/ );
1133 if ( $class->arguments ) {
1134 @arguments = ( @arguments, @{ $class->arguments } );
1140 foreach (@arguments) {
1144 ( $flags->{log} ) ? 'debug,' . $flags->{log} : 'debug';
1146 elsif (/^-(\w+)=?(.*)$/) {
1147 $flags->{ lc $1 } = $2;
1150 push @{ $flags->{plugins} }, $_;
1154 $class->setup_home( delete $flags->{home} );
1156 $class->setup_log( delete $flags->{log} );
1157 $class->setup_plugins( delete $flags->{plugins} );
1159 $class->setup_data_handlers();
1160 $class->setup_dispatcher( delete $flags->{dispatcher} );
1161 if (my $engine = delete $flags->{engine}) {
1162 $class->log->warn("Specifying the engine in ->setup is no longer supported, see Catalyst::Upgrading");
1164 $class->setup_engine();
1165 $class->setup_stats( delete $flags->{stats} );
1167 for my $flag ( sort keys %{$flags} ) {
1169 if ( my $code = $class->can( 'setup_' . $flag ) ) {
1170 &$code( $class, delete $flags->{$flag} );
1173 $class->log->warn(qq/Unknown flag "$flag"/);
1177 eval { require Catalyst::Devel; };
1178 if( !$@ && $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} && ( $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} < $Catalyst::Devel::CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN ) ) {
1179 $class->log->warn(<<"EOF");
1180 You are running an old script!
1182 Please update by running (this will overwrite existing files):
1183 catalyst.pl -force -scripts $class
1185 or (this will not overwrite existing files):
1186 catalyst.pl -scripts $class
1191 # Call plugins setup, this is stupid and evil.
1192 # Also screws C3 badly on 5.10, hack to avoid.
1194 no warnings qw/redefine/;
1195 local *setup = sub { };
1196 $class->setup unless $Catalyst::__AM_RESTARTING;
1199 $class->setup_middleware();
1201 # Initialize our data structure
1202 $class->components( {} );
1204 $class->setup_components;
1206 if ( $class->debug ) {
1207 my @plugins = map { "$_ " . ( $_->VERSION || '' ) } $class->registered_plugins;
1210 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 6;
1211 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new($column_width);
1212 $t->row($_) for @plugins;
1213 $class->log->debug( "Loaded plugins:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" );
1216 my @middleware = map {
1219 (ref($_) .' '. ($_->can('VERSION') ? $_->VERSION || '' : '')
1220 || '') } $class->registered_middlewares;
1223 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 6;
1224 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new($column_width);
1225 $t->row($_) for @middleware;
1226 $class->log->debug( "Loaded PSGI Middleware:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" );
1229 my %dh = $class->registered_data_handlers;
1230 if (my @data_handlers = keys %dh) {
1231 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 6;
1232 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new($column_width);
1233 $t->row($_) for @data_handlers;
1234 $class->log->debug( "Loaded Request Data Handlers:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" );
1237 my $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher;
1238 my $engine = $class->engine;
1239 my $home = $class->config->{home};
1241 $class->log->debug(sprintf(q/Loaded dispatcher "%s"/, blessed($dispatcher)));
1242 $class->log->debug(sprintf(q/Loaded engine "%s"/, blessed($engine)));
1246 ? $class->log->debug(qq/Found home "$home"/)
1247 : $class->log->debug(qq/Home "$home" doesn't exist/)
1248 : $class->log->debug(q/Couldn't find home/);
1250 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 8 - 9;
1251 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ $column_width, 'Class' ], [ 8, 'Type' ] );
1252 for my $comp ( sort keys %{ $class->components } ) {
1253 my $type = ref $class->components->{$comp} ? 'instance' : 'class';
1254 $t->row( $comp, $type );
1256 $class->log->debug( "Loaded components:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" )
1257 if ( keys %{ $class->components } );
1260 # Add our self to components, since we are also a component
1261 if( $class->isa('Catalyst::Controller') ){
1262 $class->components->{$class} = $class;
1265 $class->setup_actions;
1267 if ( $class->debug ) {
1268 my $name = $class->config->{name} || 'Application';
1269 $class->log->info("$name powered by Catalyst $Catalyst::VERSION");
1272 if ($class->config->{case_sensitive}) {
1273 $class->log->warn($class . "->config->{case_sensitive} is set.");
1274 $class->log->warn("This setting is deprecated and planned to be removed in Catalyst 5.81.");
1277 $class->setup_finalize;
1279 # Flush the log for good measure (in case something turned off 'autoflush' early)
1280 $class->log->_flush() if $class->log->can('_flush');
1282 return $class || 1; # Just in case someone named their Application 0...
1285 =head2 $app->setup_finalize
1287 A hook to attach modifiers to. This method does not do anything except set the
1288 C<setup_finished> accessor.
1290 Applying method modifiers to the C<setup> method doesn't work, because of quirky things done for plugin setup.
1294 after setup_finalize => sub {
1302 sub setup_finalize {
1304 $class->setup_finished(1);
1307 =head2 $c->uri_for( $path?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1309 =head2 $c->uri_for( $action, \@captures?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1311 Constructs an absolute L<URI> object based on the application root, the
1312 provided path, and the additional arguments and query parameters provided.
1313 When used as a string, provides a textual URI. If you need more flexibility
1314 than this (i.e. the option to provide relative URIs etc.) see
1315 L<Catalyst::Plugin::SmartURI>.
1317 If no arguments are provided, the URI for the current action is returned.
1318 To return the current action and also provide @args, use
1319 C<< $c->uri_for( $c->action, @args ) >>.
1321 If the first argument is a string, it is taken as a public URI path relative
1322 to C<< $c->namespace >> (if it doesn't begin with a forward slash) or
1323 relative to the application root (if it does). It is then merged with
1324 C<< $c->request->base >>; any C<@args> are appended as additional path
1325 components; and any C<%query_values> are appended as C<?foo=bar> parameters.
1327 If the first argument is a L<Catalyst::Action> it represents an action which
1328 will have its path resolved using C<< $c->dispatcher->uri_for_action >>. The
1329 optional C<\@captures> argument (an arrayref) allows passing the captured
1330 variables that are needed to fill in the paths of Chained and Regex actions;
1331 once the path is resolved, C<uri_for> continues as though a path was
1332 provided, appending any arguments or parameters and creating an absolute
1335 The captures for the current request can be found in
1336 C<< $c->request->captures >>, and actions can be resolved using
1337 C<< Catalyst::Controller->action_for($name) >>. If you have a private action
1338 path, use C<< $c->uri_for_action >> instead.
1340 # Equivalent to $c->req->uri
1341 $c->uri_for($c->action, $c->req->captures,
1342 @{ $c->req->args }, $c->req->params);
1344 # For the Foo action in the Bar controller
1345 $c->uri_for($c->controller('Bar')->action_for('Foo'));
1347 # Path to a static resource
1348 $c->uri_for('/static/images/logo.png');
1353 my ( $c, $path, @args ) = @_;
1355 if ( $path->$_isa('Catalyst::Controller') ) {
1356 $path = $path->path_prefix;
1361 undef($path) if (defined $path && $path eq '');
1364 ( scalar @args && ref $args[$#args] eq 'HASH' ? pop @args : {} );
1366 carp "uri_for called with undef argument" if grep { ! defined $_ } @args;
1367 foreach my $arg (@args) {
1368 utf8::encode($arg) if utf8::is_utf8($arg);
1369 $arg =~ s/([^$URI::uric])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1372 if ( $path->$_isa('Catalyst::Action') ) { # action object
1373 s|/|%2F|g for @args;
1374 my $captures = [ map { s|/|%2F|g; $_; }
1375 ( scalar @args && ref $args[0] eq 'ARRAY'
1379 foreach my $capture (@$captures) {
1380 utf8::encode($capture) if utf8::is_utf8($capture);
1381 $capture =~ s/([^$URI::uric])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1385 # ->uri_for( $action, \@captures_and_args, \%query_values? )
1386 if( !@args && $action->number_of_args ) {
1387 my $expanded_action = $c->dispatcher->expand_action( $action );
1389 my $num_captures = $expanded_action->number_of_captures;
1390 unshift @args, splice @$captures, $num_captures;
1393 $path = $c->dispatcher->uri_for_action($action, $captures);
1394 if (not defined $path) {
1395 $c->log->debug(qq/Can't find uri_for action '$action' @$captures/)
1399 $path = '/' if $path eq '';
1402 unshift(@args, $path);
1404 unless (defined $path && $path =~ s!^/!!) { # in-place strip
1405 my $namespace = $c->namespace;
1406 if (defined $path) { # cheesy hack to handle path '../foo'
1407 $namespace =~ s{(?:^|/)[^/]+$}{} while $args[0] =~ s{^\.\./}{};
1409 unshift(@args, $namespace || '');
1412 # join args with '/', or a blank string
1413 my $args = join('/', grep { defined($_) } @args);
1414 $args =~ s/\?/%3F/g; # STUPID STUPID SPECIAL CASE
1417 my ($base, $class) = ('/', 'URI::_generic');
1419 $base = $c->req->base;
1420 $class = ref($base);
1421 $base =~ s{(?<!/)$}{/};
1426 if (my @keys = keys %$params) {
1427 # somewhat lifted from URI::_query's query_form
1428 $query = '?'.join('&', map {
1429 my $val = $params->{$_};
1430 s/([;\/?:@&=+,\$\[\]%])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1433 $val = '' unless defined $val;
1436 utf8::encode( $param ) if utf8::is_utf8($param);
1437 # using the URI::Escape pattern here so utf8 chars survive
1438 $param =~ s/([^A-Za-z0-9\-_.!~*'() ])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1440 "${key}=$param"; } ( ref $val eq 'ARRAY' ? @$val : $val ));
1444 my $res = bless(\"${base}${args}${query}", $class);
1448 =head2 $c->uri_for_action( $path, \@captures_and_args?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1450 =head2 $c->uri_for_action( $action, \@captures_and_args?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1456 A private path to the Catalyst action you want to create a URI for.
1458 This is a shortcut for calling C<< $c->dispatcher->get_action_by_path($path)
1459 >> and passing the resulting C<$action> and the remaining arguments to C<<
1462 You can also pass in a Catalyst::Action object, in which case it is passed to
1465 Note that although the path looks like a URI that dispatches to the wanted action, it is not a URI, but an internal path to that action.
1467 For example, if the action looks like:
1469 package MyApp::Controller::Users;
1471 sub lst : Path('the-list') {}
1475 $c->uri_for_action('/users/lst')
1477 and it will create the URI /users/the-list.
1479 =item \@captures_and_args?
1481 Optional array reference of Captures (i.e. C<<CaptureArgs or $c->req->captures>)
1482 and arguments to the request. Usually used with L<Catalyst::DispatchType::Chained>
1483 to interpolate all the parameters in the URI.
1487 Optional list of extra arguments - can be supplied in the
1488 C<< \@captures_and_args? >> array ref, or here - whichever is easier for your
1491 Your action can have zero, a fixed or a variable number of args (e.g.
1492 C<< Args(1) >> for a fixed number or C<< Args() >> for a variable number)..
1494 =item \%query_values?
1496 Optional array reference of query parameters to append. E.g.
1502 /rest/of/your/uri?foo=bar
1508 sub uri_for_action {
1509 my ( $c, $path, @args ) = @_;
1510 my $action = blessed($path)
1512 : $c->dispatcher->get_action_by_path($path);
1513 unless (defined $action) {
1514 croak "Can't find action for path '$path'";
1516 return $c->uri_for( $action, @args );
1519 =head2 $c->welcome_message
1521 Returns the Catalyst welcome HTML page.
1525 sub welcome_message {
1527 my $name = $c->config->{name};
1528 my $logo = $c->uri_for('/static/images/catalyst_logo.png');
1529 my $prefix = Catalyst::Utils::appprefix( ref $c );
1530 $c->response->content_type('text/html; charset=utf-8');
1532 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
1533 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
1534 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
1536 <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en" />
1537 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
1538 <title>$name on Catalyst $VERSION</title>
1539 <style type="text/css">
1542 background-color: #eee;
1549 margin-bottom: 10px;
1551 background-color: #ccc;
1552 border: 1px solid #aaa;
1557 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
1560 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
1563 text-decoration: none;
1565 border-bottom: 1px dotted #bbb;
1567 :link:hover, :visited:hover {
1580 background-color: #fff;
1581 border: 1px solid #aaa;
1585 font-weight: normal;
1607 <h1><span id="appname">$name</span> on <a href="http://catalyst.perl.org">Catalyst</a>
1612 <img src="$logo" alt="Catalyst Logo" />
1614 <p>Welcome to the world of Catalyst.
1615 This <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MVC">MVC</a>
1616 framework will make web development something you had
1617 never expected it to be: Fun, rewarding, and quick.</p>
1618 <h2>What to do now?</h2>
1619 <p>That really depends on what <b>you</b> want to do.
1620 We do, however, provide you with a few starting points.</p>
1621 <p>If you want to jump right into web development with Catalyst
1622 you might want to start with a tutorial.</p>
1623 <pre>perldoc <a href="https://metacpan.org/module/Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial">Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial</a></code>
1625 <p>Afterwards you can go on to check out a more complete look at our features.</p>
1627 <code>perldoc <a href="https://metacpan.org/module/Catalyst::Manual::Intro">Catalyst::Manual::Intro</a>
1628 <!-- Something else should go here, but the Catalyst::Manual link seems unhelpful -->
1630 <h2>What to do next?</h2>
1631 <p>Next it's time to write an actual application. Use the
1632 helper scripts to generate <a href="https://metacpan.org/search?q=Catalyst%3A%3AController">controllers</a>,
1633 <a href="https://metacpan.org/search?q=Catalyst%3A%3AModel">models</a>, and
1634 <a href="https://metacpan.org/search?q=Catalyst%3A%3AView">views</a>;
1635 they can save you a lot of work.</p>
1636 <pre><code>script/${prefix}_create.pl --help</code></pre>
1637 <p>Also, be sure to check out the vast and growing
1638 collection of <a href="http://search.cpan.org/search?query=Catalyst">plugins for Catalyst on CPAN</a>;
1639 you are likely to find what you need there.
1643 <p>Catalyst has a very active community. Here are the main places to
1644 get in touch with us.</p>
1647 <a href="http://dev.catalyst.perl.org">Wiki</a>
1650 <a href="http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst">Mailing-List</a>
1653 <a href="irc://irc.perl.org/catalyst">IRC channel #catalyst on irc.perl.org</a>
1656 <h2>In conclusion</h2>
1657 <p>The Catalyst team hopes you will enjoy using Catalyst as much
1658 as we enjoyed making it. Please contact us if you have ideas
1659 for improvement or other feedback.</p>
1669 Contains a hash of options passed from the application script, including
1670 the original ARGV the script received, the processed values from that
1671 ARGV and any extra arguments to the script which were not processed.
1673 This can be used to add custom options to your application's scripts
1674 and setup your application differently depending on the values of these
1677 =head1 INTERNAL METHODS
1679 These methods are not meant to be used by end users.
1681 =head2 $c->components
1683 Returns a hash of components.
1685 =head2 $c->context_class
1687 Returns or sets the context class.
1691 Returns a hashref containing coderefs and execution counts (needed for
1692 deep recursion detection).
1696 Returns the number of actions on the current internal execution stack.
1700 Dispatches a request to actions.
1704 sub dispatch { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->dispatch( $c, @_ ) }
1706 =head2 $c->dispatcher_class
1708 Returns or sets the dispatcher class.
1710 =head2 $c->dump_these
1712 Returns a list of 2-element array references (name, structure) pairs
1713 that will be dumped on the error page in debug mode.
1719 [ Request => $c->req ],
1720 [ Response => $c->res ],
1721 [ Stash => $c->stash ],
1722 [ Config => $c->config ];
1725 =head2 $c->engine_class
1727 Returns or sets the engine class.
1729 =head2 $c->execute( $class, $coderef )
1731 Execute a coderef in given class and catch exceptions. Errors are available
1737 my ( $c, $class, $code ) = @_;
1738 $class = $c->component($class) || $class;
1741 if ( $c->depth >= $RECURSION ) {
1742 my $action = $code->reverse();
1743 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /->/;
1744 my $error = qq/Deep recursion detected calling "${action}"/;
1745 $c->log->error($error);
1751 my $stats_info = $c->_stats_start_execute( $code ) if $c->use_stats;
1753 push( @{ $c->stack }, $code );
1755 no warnings 'recursion';
1756 # N.B. This used to be combined, but I have seen $c get clobbered if so, and
1757 # I have no idea how, ergo $ret (which appears to fix the issue)
1758 eval { my $ret = $code->execute( $class, $c, @{ $c->req->args } ) || 0; $c->state( $ret ) };
1760 $c->_stats_finish_execute( $stats_info ) if $c->use_stats and $stats_info;
1762 my $last = pop( @{ $c->stack } );
1764 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1765 #rethow if this can be handled by middleware
1766 if(blessed $error && ($error->can('as_psgi') || $error->can('code'))) {
1767 foreach my $err (@{$c->error}) {
1768 $c->log->error($err);
1771 $c->log->_flush if $c->log->can('_flush');
1773 $error->can('rethrow') ? $error->rethrow : croak $error;
1775 if ( blessed($error) and $error->isa('Catalyst::Exception::Detach') ) {
1776 $error->rethrow if $c->depth > 1;
1778 elsif ( blessed($error) and $error->isa('Catalyst::Exception::Go') ) {
1779 $error->rethrow if $c->depth > 0;
1782 unless ( ref $error ) {
1783 no warnings 'uninitialized';
1785 my $class = $last->class;
1786 my $name = $last->name;
1787 $error = qq/Caught exception in $class->$name "$error"/;
1796 sub _stats_start_execute {
1797 my ( $c, $code ) = @_;
1798 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
1799 return if ( ( $code->name =~ /^_.*/ )
1800 && ( !$appclass->config->{show_internal_actions} ) );
1802 my $action_name = $code->reverse();
1803 $c->counter->{$action_name}++;
1805 my $action = $action_name;
1806 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /->/;
1808 # determine if the call was the result of a forward
1809 # this is done by walking up the call stack and looking for a calling
1810 # sub of Catalyst::forward before the eval
1812 for my $index ( 2 .. 11 ) {
1814 if ( ( caller($index) )[0] eq 'Catalyst'
1815 && ( caller($index) )[3] eq '(eval)' );
1817 if ( ( caller($index) )[3] =~ /forward$/ ) {
1818 $callsub = ( caller($index) )[3];
1819 $action = "-> $action";
1824 my $uid = $action_name . $c->counter->{$action_name};
1826 # is this a root-level call or a forwarded call?
1827 if ( $callsub =~ /forward$/ ) {
1828 my $parent = $c->stack->[-1];
1830 # forward, locate the caller
1831 if ( defined $parent && exists $c->counter->{"$parent"} ) {
1834 parent => "$parent" . $c->counter->{"$parent"},
1840 # forward with no caller may come from a plugin
1859 sub _stats_finish_execute {
1860 my ( $c, $info ) = @_;
1861 $c->stats->profile( end => $info );
1866 Finalizes the request.
1873 for my $error ( @{ $c->error } ) {
1874 $c->log->error($error);
1877 # Support skipping finalize for psgix.io style 'jailbreak'. Used to support
1878 # stuff like cometd and websockets
1880 if($c->request->_has_io_fh) {
1885 # Allow engine to handle finalize flow (for POE)
1886 my $engine = $c->engine;
1887 if ( my $code = $engine->can('finalize') ) {
1892 $c->finalize_uploads;
1895 if ( $#{ $c->error } >= 0 ) {
1899 $c->finalize_headers unless $c->response->finalized_headers;
1906 if ($c->use_stats) {
1907 my $elapsed = $c->stats->elapsed;
1908 my $av = $elapsed == 0 ? '??' : sprintf '%.3f', 1 / $elapsed;
1910 "Request took ${elapsed}s ($av/s)\n" . $c->stats->report . "\n" );
1913 return $c->response->status;
1916 =head2 $c->finalize_body
1922 sub finalize_body { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_body( $c, @_ ) }
1924 =head2 $c->finalize_cookies
1930 sub finalize_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_cookies( $c, @_ ) }
1932 =head2 $c->finalize_error
1934 Finalizes error. If there is only one error in L</error> and it is an object that
1935 does C<as_psgi> or C<code> we rethrow the error and presume it caught by middleware
1936 up the ladder. Otherwise we return the debugging error page (in debug mode) or we
1937 return the default error page (production mode).
1941 sub finalize_error {
1943 if($#{$c->error} > 0) {
1944 $c->engine->finalize_error( $c, @_ );
1946 my ($error) = @{$c->error};
1949 ($error->can('as_psgi') || $error->can('code'))
1951 # In the case where the error 'knows what it wants', becauses its PSGI
1952 # aware, just rethow and let middleware catch it
1953 $error->can('rethrow') ? $error->rethrow : croak $error;
1955 $c->engine->finalize_error( $c, @_ )
1960 =head2 $c->finalize_headers
1966 sub finalize_headers {
1969 my $response = $c->response; #accessor calls can add up?
1971 # Check if we already finalized headers
1972 return if $response->finalized_headers;
1975 if ( my $location = $response->redirect ) {
1976 $c->log->debug(qq/Redirecting to "$location"/) if $c->debug;
1977 $response->header( Location => $location );
1980 # Remove incorrectly added body and content related meta data when returning
1981 # an information response, or a response the is required to not include a body
1983 $c->finalize_cookies;
1985 $c->response->finalize_headers();
1988 $response->finalized_headers(1);
1991 =head2 $c->finalize_output
1993 An alias for finalize_body.
1995 =head2 $c->finalize_read
1997 Finalizes the input after reading is complete.
2001 sub finalize_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_read( $c, @_ ) }
2003 =head2 $c->finalize_uploads
2005 Finalizes uploads. Cleans up any temporary files.
2009 sub finalize_uploads { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_uploads( $c, @_ ) }
2011 =head2 $c->get_action( $action, $namespace )
2013 Gets an action in a given namespace.
2017 sub get_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_action(@_) }
2019 =head2 $c->get_actions( $action, $namespace )
2021 Gets all actions of a given name in a namespace and all parent
2026 sub get_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_actions( $c, @_ ) }
2028 =head2 $app->handle_request( @arguments )
2030 Called to handle each HTTP request.
2034 sub handle_request {
2035 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
2037 # Always expect worst case!
2040 if ($class->debug) {
2041 my $secs = time - $START || 1;
2042 my $av = sprintf '%.3f', $COUNT / $secs;
2043 my $time = localtime time;
2044 $class->log->info("*** Request $COUNT ($av/s) [$$] [$time] ***");
2047 my $c = $class->prepare(@arguments);
2049 $status = $c->finalize;
2051 #rethow if this can be handled by middleware
2052 if(blessed $_ && ($_->can('as_psgi') || $_->can('code'))) {
2053 $_->can('rethrow') ? $_->rethrow : croak $_;
2055 chomp(my $error = $_);
2056 $class->log->error(qq/Caught exception in engine "$error"/);
2061 if(my $coderef = $class->log->can('_flush')){
2062 $class->log->$coderef();
2067 =head2 $class->prepare( @arguments )
2069 Creates a Catalyst context from an engine-specific request (Apache, CGI,
2076 predicate => '_has_uploadtmp',
2080 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
2083 # After the app/ctxt split, this should become an attribute based on something passed
2084 # into the application.
2085 $class->context_class( ref $class || $class ) unless $class->context_class;
2087 my $uploadtmp = $class->config->{uploadtmp};
2088 my $c = $class->context_class->new({ $uploadtmp ? (_uploadtmp => $uploadtmp) : ()});
2090 $c->response->_context($c);
2092 #surely this is not the most efficient way to do things...
2093 $c->stats($class->stats_class->new)->enable($c->use_stats);
2094 if ( $c->debug || $c->config->{enable_catalyst_header} ) {
2095 $c->res->headers->header( 'X-Catalyst' => $Catalyst::VERSION );
2099 # Allow engine to direct the prepare flow (for POE)
2100 if ( my $prepare = $c->engine->can('prepare') ) {
2101 $c->engine->$prepare( $c, @arguments );
2104 $c->prepare_request(@arguments);
2105 $c->prepare_connection;
2106 $c->prepare_query_parameters;
2107 $c->prepare_headers; # Just hooks, no longer needed - they just
2108 $c->prepare_cookies; # cause the lazy attribute on req to build
2111 # Prepare the body for reading, either by prepare_body
2112 # or the user, if they are using $c->read
2115 # Parse the body unless the user wants it on-demand
2116 unless ( ref($c)->config->{parse_on_demand} ) {
2122 # VERY ugly and probably shouldn't rely on ->finalize actually working
2124 # failed prepare is always due to an invalid request, right?
2125 $c->response->status(400);
2126 $c->response->content_type('text/plain');
2127 $c->response->body('Bad Request');
2128 # Note we call finalize and then die here, which escapes
2129 # finalize being called in the enclosing block..
2130 # It in fact couldn't be called, as we don't return $c..
2131 # This is a mess - but I'm unsure you can fix this without
2132 # breaking compat for people doing crazy things (we should set
2133 # the 400 and just return the ctx here IMO, letting finalize get called
2144 =head2 $c->prepare_action
2146 Prepares action. See L<Catalyst::Dispatcher>.
2150 sub prepare_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->prepare_action( $c, @_ ) }
2152 =head2 $c->prepare_body
2154 Prepares message body.
2161 return if $c->request->_has_body;
2163 # Initialize on-demand data
2164 $c->engine->prepare_body( $c, @_ );
2165 $c->prepare_parameters;
2166 $c->prepare_uploads;
2169 =head2 $c->prepare_body_chunk( $chunk )
2171 Prepares a chunk of data before sending it to L<HTTP::Body>.
2173 See L<Catalyst::Engine>.
2177 sub prepare_body_chunk {
2179 $c->engine->prepare_body_chunk( $c, @_ );
2182 =head2 $c->prepare_body_parameters
2184 Prepares body parameters.
2188 sub prepare_body_parameters {
2190 $c->engine->prepare_body_parameters( $c, @_ );
2193 =head2 $c->prepare_connection
2195 Prepares connection.
2199 sub prepare_connection {
2201 # XXX - This is called on the engine (not the request) to maintain
2202 # Engine::PSGI back compat.
2203 $c->engine->prepare_connection($c);
2206 =head2 $c->prepare_cookies
2208 Prepares cookies by ensuring that the attribute on the request
2209 object has been built.
2213 sub prepare_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->request->cookies }
2215 =head2 $c->prepare_headers
2217 Prepares request headers by ensuring that the attribute on the request
2218 object has been built.
2222 sub prepare_headers { my $c = shift; $c->request->headers }
2224 =head2 $c->prepare_parameters
2226 Prepares parameters.
2230 sub prepare_parameters {
2232 $c->prepare_body_parameters;
2233 $c->engine->prepare_parameters( $c, @_ );
2236 =head2 $c->prepare_path
2238 Prepares path and base.
2242 sub prepare_path { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_path( $c, @_ ) }
2244 =head2 $c->prepare_query_parameters
2246 Prepares query parameters.
2250 sub prepare_query_parameters {
2253 $c->engine->prepare_query_parameters( $c, @_ );
2256 =head2 $c->log_request
2258 Writes information about the request to the debug logs. This includes:
2262 =item * Request method, path, and remote IP address
2264 =item * Query keywords (see L<Catalyst::Request/query_keywords>)
2266 =item * Request parameters
2268 =item * File uploads
2277 return unless $c->debug;
2279 my($dump) = grep {$_->[0] eq 'Request' } $c->dump_these;
2280 my $request = $dump->[1];
2282 my ( $method, $path, $address ) = ( $request->method, $request->path, $request->address );
2284 $path = '/' unless length $path;
2286 $c->log->debug(qq/"$method" request for "$path" from "$address"/);
2288 $c->log_request_headers($request->headers);
2290 if ( my $keywords = $request->query_keywords ) {
2291 $c->log->debug("Query keywords are: $keywords");
2294 $c->log_request_parameters( query => $request->query_parameters, $request->_has_body ? (body => $request->body_parameters) : () );
2296 $c->log_request_uploads($request);
2299 =head2 $c->log_response
2301 Writes information about the response to the debug logs by calling
2302 C<< $c->log_response_status_line >> and C<< $c->log_response_headers >>.
2309 return unless $c->debug;
2311 my($dump) = grep {$_->[0] eq 'Response' } $c->dump_these;
2312 my $response = $dump->[1];
2314 $c->log_response_status_line($response);
2315 $c->log_response_headers($response->headers);
2318 =head2 $c->log_response_status_line($response)
2320 Writes one line of information about the response to the debug logs. This includes:
2324 =item * Response status code
2326 =item * Content-Type header (if present)
2328 =item * Content-Length header (if present)
2334 sub log_response_status_line {
2335 my ($c, $response) = @_;
2339 'Response Code: %s; Content-Type: %s; Content-Length: %s',
2340 $response->status || 'unknown',
2341 $response->headers->header('Content-Type') || 'unknown',
2342 $response->headers->header('Content-Length') || 'unknown'
2347 =head2 $c->log_response_headers($headers);
2349 Hook method which can be wrapped by plugins to log the response headers.
2350 No-op in the default implementation.
2354 sub log_response_headers {}
2356 =head2 $c->log_request_parameters( query => {}, body => {} )
2358 Logs request parameters to debug logs
2362 sub log_request_parameters {
2364 my %all_params = @_;
2366 return unless $c->debug;
2368 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 44;
2369 foreach my $type (qw(query body)) {
2370 my $params = $all_params{$type};
2371 next if ! keys %$params;
2372 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 35, 'Parameter' ], [ $column_width, 'Value' ] );
2373 for my $key ( sort keys %$params ) {
2374 my $param = $params->{$key};
2375 my $value = defined($param) ? $param : '';
2376 $t->row( $key, ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ? ( join ', ', @$value ) : $value );
2378 $c->log->debug( ucfirst($type) . " Parameters are:\n" . $t->draw );
2382 =head2 $c->log_request_uploads
2384 Logs file uploads included in the request to the debug logs.
2385 The parameter name, filename, file type, and file size are all included in
2390 sub log_request_uploads {
2392 my $request = shift;
2393 return unless $c->debug;
2394 my $uploads = $request->uploads;
2395 if ( keys %$uploads ) {
2396 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new(
2397 [ 12, 'Parameter' ],
2402 for my $key ( sort keys %$uploads ) {
2403 my $upload = $uploads->{$key};
2404 for my $u ( ref $upload eq 'ARRAY' ? @{$upload} : ($upload) ) {
2405 $t->row( $key, $u->filename, $u->type, $u->size );
2408 $c->log->debug( "File Uploads are:\n" . $t->draw );
2412 =head2 $c->log_request_headers($headers);
2414 Hook method which can be wrapped by plugins to log the request headers.
2415 No-op in the default implementation.
2419 sub log_request_headers {}
2421 =head2 $c->log_headers($type => $headers)
2423 Logs L<HTTP::Headers> (either request or response) to the debug logs.
2430 my $headers = shift; # an HTTP::Headers instance
2432 return unless $c->debug;
2434 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 28;
2435 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 15, 'Header Name' ], [ $column_width, 'Value' ] );
2438 my ( $name, $value ) = @_;
2439 $t->row( $name, $value );
2442 $c->log->debug( ucfirst($type) . " Headers:\n" . $t->draw );
2446 =head2 $c->prepare_read
2448 Prepares the input for reading.
2452 sub prepare_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_read( $c, @_ ) }
2454 =head2 $c->prepare_request
2456 Prepares the engine request.
2460 sub prepare_request { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_request( $c, @_ ) }
2462 =head2 $c->prepare_uploads
2468 sub prepare_uploads {
2471 $c->engine->prepare_uploads( $c, @_ );
2474 =head2 $c->prepare_write
2476 Prepares the output for writing.
2480 sub prepare_write { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_write( $c, @_ ) }
2482 =head2 $c->request_class
2484 Returns or sets the request class. Defaults to L<Catalyst::Request>.
2486 =head2 $c->response_class
2488 Returns or sets the response class. Defaults to L<Catalyst::Response>.
2490 =head2 $c->read( [$maxlength] )
2492 Reads a chunk of data from the request body. This method is designed to
2493 be used in a while loop, reading C<$maxlength> bytes on every call.
2494 C<$maxlength> defaults to the size of the request if not specified.
2496 You have to set C<< MyApp->config(parse_on_demand => 1) >> to use this
2499 Warning: If you use read(), Catalyst will not process the body,
2500 so you will not be able to access POST parameters or file uploads via
2501 $c->request. You must handle all body parsing yourself.
2505 sub read { my $c = shift; return $c->request->read( @_ ) }
2515 $app->_make_immutable_if_needed;
2516 $app->engine_loader->needs_psgi_engine_compat_hack ?
2517 $app->engine->run($app, @_) :
2518 $app->engine->run( $app, $app->_finalized_psgi_app, @_ );
2521 sub _make_immutable_if_needed {
2523 my $meta = find_meta($class);
2524 my $isa_ca = $class->isa('Class::Accessor::Fast') || $class->isa('Class::Accessor');
2527 && ! { $meta->immutable_options }->{replace_constructor}
2530 warn("You made your application class ($class) immutable, "
2531 . "but did not inline the\nconstructor. "
2532 . "This will break catalyst, as your app \@ISA "
2533 . "Class::Accessor(::Fast)?\nPlease pass "
2534 . "(replace_constructor => 1)\nwhen making your class immutable.\n");
2536 unless ($meta->is_immutable) {
2537 # XXX - FIXME warning here as you should make your app immutable yourself.
2538 $meta->make_immutable(
2539 replace_constructor => 1,
2544 =head2 $c->set_action( $action, $code, $namespace, $attrs )
2546 Sets an action in a given namespace.
2550 sub set_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->set_action( $c, @_ ) }
2552 =head2 $c->setup_actions($component)
2554 Sets up actions for a component.
2558 sub setup_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->setup_actions( $c, @_ ) }
2560 =head2 $c->setup_components
2562 This method is called internally to set up the application's components.
2564 It finds modules by calling the L<locate_components> method, expands them to
2565 package names with the L<expand_component_module> method, and then installs
2566 each component into the application.
2568 The C<setup_components> config option is passed to both of the above methods.
2570 Installation of each component is performed by the L<setup_component> method,
2575 sub setup_components {
2578 my $config = $class->config->{ setup_components };
2580 my @comps = $class->locate_components($config);
2581 my %comps = map { $_ => 1 } @comps;
2583 my $deprecatedcatalyst_component_names = grep { /::[CMV]::/ } @comps;
2584 $class->log->warn(qq{Your application is using the deprecated ::[MVC]:: type naming scheme.\n}.
2585 qq{Please switch your class names to ::Model::, ::View:: and ::Controller: as appropriate.\n}
2586 ) if $deprecatedcatalyst_component_names;
2588 for my $component ( @comps ) {
2590 # We pass ignore_loaded here so that overlay files for (e.g.)
2591 # Model::DBI::Schema sub-classes are loaded - if it's in @comps
2592 # we know M::P::O found a file on disk so this is safe
2594 Catalyst::Utils::ensure_class_loaded( $component, { ignore_loaded => 1 } );
2597 for my $component (@comps) {
2598 my $instance = $class->components->{ $component } = $class->setup_component($component);
2599 my @expanded_components = $instance->can('expand_modules')
2600 ? $instance->expand_modules( $component, $config )
2601 : $class->expand_component_module( $component, $config );
2602 for my $component (@expanded_components) {
2603 next if $comps{$component};
2604 $class->components->{ $component } = $class->setup_component($component);
2609 =head2 $c->locate_components( $setup_component_config )
2611 This method is meant to provide a list of component modules that should be
2612 setup for the application. By default, it will use L<Module::Pluggable>.
2614 Specify a C<setup_components> config option to pass additional options directly
2615 to L<Module::Pluggable>. To add additional search paths, specify a key named
2616 C<search_extra> as an array reference. Items in the array beginning with C<::>
2617 will have the application class name prepended to them.
2621 sub locate_components {
2625 my @paths = qw( ::M ::Model ::V ::View ::C ::Controller );
2626 my $extra = delete $config->{ search_extra } || [];
2628 unshift @paths, @$extra;
2630 my @comps = map { sort { length($a) <=> length($b) } Module::Pluggable::Object->new(
2631 search_path => [ map { s/^(?=::)/$class/; $_; } ($_) ],
2633 )->plugins } @paths;
2638 =head2 $c->expand_component_module( $component, $setup_component_config )
2640 Components found by C<locate_components> will be passed to this method, which
2641 is expected to return a list of component (package) names to be set up.
2645 sub expand_component_module {
2646 my ($class, $module) = @_;
2647 return Devel::InnerPackage::list_packages( $module );
2650 =head2 $c->setup_component
2654 sub setup_component {
2655 my( $class, $component ) = @_;
2657 unless ( $component->can( 'COMPONENT' ) ) {
2661 my $suffix = Catalyst::Utils::class2classsuffix( $component );
2662 my $config = $class->config->{ $suffix } || {};
2663 # Stash catalyst_component_name in the config here, so that custom COMPONENT
2664 # methods also pass it. local to avoid pointlessly shitting in config
2665 # for the debug screen, as $component is already the key name.
2666 local $config->{catalyst_component_name} = $component;
2668 my $instance = eval { $component->COMPONENT( $class, $config ); };
2670 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
2672 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
2673 message => qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", "$error"/
2677 unless (blessed $instance) {
2678 my $metaclass = Moose::Util::find_meta($component);
2679 my $method_meta = $metaclass->find_method_by_name('COMPONENT');
2680 my $component_method_from = $method_meta->associated_metaclass->name;
2681 my $value = defined($instance) ? $instance : 'undef';
2682 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
2684 qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", COMPONENT() method (from $component_method_from) didn't return an object-like value (value was $value)./
2690 =head2 $c->setup_dispatcher
2696 sub setup_dispatcher {
2697 my ( $class, $dispatcher ) = @_;
2700 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $dispatcher;
2703 if ( my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'DISPATCHER' ) ) {
2704 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $env;
2707 unless ($dispatcher) {
2708 $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher_class;
2711 load_class($dispatcher);
2713 # dispatcher instance
2714 $class->dispatcher( $dispatcher->new );
2717 =head2 $c->setup_engine
2724 my ($class, $requested_engine) = @_;
2726 if (!$class->engine_loader || $requested_engine) {
2727 $class->engine_loader(
2728 Catalyst::EngineLoader->new({
2729 application_name => $class,
2730 (defined $requested_engine
2731 ? (catalyst_engine_class => $requested_engine) : ()),
2736 $class->engine_loader->catalyst_engine_class;
2740 my ($class, $requested_engine) = @_;
2743 my $loader = $class->engine_loader;
2745 if (!$loader || $requested_engine) {
2746 $loader = Catalyst::EngineLoader->new({
2747 application_name => $class,
2748 (defined $requested_engine
2749 ? (requested_engine => $requested_engine) : ()),
2752 $class->engine_loader($loader);
2755 $loader->catalyst_engine_class;
2758 # Don't really setup_engine -- see _setup_psgi_app for explanation.
2759 return if $class->loading_psgi_file;
2761 load_class($engine);
2763 if ($ENV{MOD_PERL}) {
2764 my $apache = $class->engine_loader->auto;
2766 my $meta = find_meta($class);
2767 my $was_immutable = $meta->is_immutable;
2768 my %immutable_options = $meta->immutable_options;
2769 $meta->make_mutable if $was_immutable;
2771 $meta->add_method(handler => sub {
2773 my $psgi_app = $class->_finalized_psgi_app;
2774 $apache->call_app($r, $psgi_app);
2777 $meta->make_immutable(%immutable_options) if $was_immutable;
2780 $class->engine( $engine->new );
2785 ## This exists just to supply a prebuild psgi app for mod_perl and for the
2786 ## build in server support (back compat support for pre psgi port behavior).
2787 ## This is so that we don't build a new psgi app for each request when using
2788 ## the mod_perl handler or the built in servers (http and fcgi, etc).
2790 sub _finalized_psgi_app {
2793 unless ($app->_psgi_app) {
2794 my $psgi_app = $app->_setup_psgi_app;
2795 $app->_psgi_app($psgi_app);
2798 return $app->_psgi_app;
2801 ## Look for a psgi file like 'myapp_web.psgi' (if the app is MyApp::Web) in the
2802 ## home directory and load that and return it (just assume it is doing the
2803 ## right thing :) ). If that does not exist, call $app->psgi_app, wrap that
2804 ## in default_middleware and return it ( this is for backward compatibility
2805 ## with pre psgi port behavior ).
2807 sub _setup_psgi_app {
2810 for my $home (Path::Class::Dir->new($app->config->{home})) {
2811 my $psgi_file = $home->file(
2812 Catalyst::Utils::appprefix($app) . '.psgi',
2815 next unless -e $psgi_file;
2817 # If $psgi_file calls ->setup_engine, it's doing so to load
2818 # Catalyst::Engine::PSGI. But if it does that, we're only going to
2819 # throw away the loaded PSGI-app and load the 5.9 Catalyst::Engine
2820 # anyway. So set a flag (ick) that tells setup_engine not to populate
2821 # $c->engine or do any other things we might regret.
2823 $app->loading_psgi_file(1);
2824 my $psgi_app = Plack::Util::load_psgi($psgi_file);
2825 $app->loading_psgi_file(0);
2828 unless $app->engine_loader->needs_psgi_engine_compat_hack;
2831 Found a legacy Catalyst::Engine::PSGI .psgi file at ${psgi_file}.
2833 Its content has been ignored. Please consult the Catalyst::Upgrading
2834 documentation on how to upgrade from Catalyst::Engine::PSGI.
2838 return $app->apply_default_middlewares($app->psgi_app);
2841 =head2 $c->apply_default_middlewares
2843 Adds the following L<Plack> middlewares to your application, since they are
2844 useful and commonly needed:
2846 L<Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy>, (conditionally added based on the status
2847 of your $ENV{REMOTE_ADDR}, and can be forced on with C<using_frontend_proxy>
2848 or forced off with C<ignore_frontend_proxy>), L<Plack::Middleware::LighttpdScriptNameFix>
2849 (if you are using Lighttpd), L<Plack::Middleware::IIS6ScriptNameFix> (always
2850 applied since this middleware is smart enough to conditionally apply itself).
2852 Additionally if we detect we are using Nginx, we add a bit of custom middleware
2853 to solve some problems with the way that server handles $ENV{PATH_INFO} and
2859 sub apply_default_middlewares {
2860 my ($app, $psgi_app) = @_;
2862 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::Conditional->wrap(
2864 builder => sub { Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy->wrap($_[0]) },
2867 return if $app->config->{ignore_frontend_proxy};
2868 return $env->{REMOTE_ADDR} eq '127.0.0.1'
2869 || $app->config->{using_frontend_proxy};
2873 # If we're running under Lighttpd, swap PATH_INFO and SCRIPT_NAME
2874 # http://lists.scsys.co.uk/pipermail/catalyst/2006-June/008361.html
2875 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::Conditional->wrap(
2877 builder => sub { Plack::Middleware::LighttpdScriptNameFix->wrap($_[0]) },
2880 return unless $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} && $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} =~ m!lighttpd[-/]1\.(\d+\.\d+)!;
2881 return unless $1 < 4.23;
2886 # we're applying this unconditionally as the middleware itself already makes
2887 # sure it doesn't fuck things up if it's not running under one of the right
2889 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::IIS6ScriptNameFix->wrap($psgi_app);
2891 # And another IIS issue, this time with IIS7.
2892 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::Conditional->wrap(
2894 builder => sub { Plack::Middleware::IIS7KeepAliveFix->wrap($_[0]) },
2897 return $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} && $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} =~ m!IIS/7\.[0-9]!;
2906 Returns a PSGI application code reference for the catalyst application
2907 C<$c>. This is the bare application without any middlewares
2908 applied. C<${myapp}.psgi> is not taken into account.
2910 This is what you want to be using to retrieve the PSGI application code
2911 reference of your Catalyst application for use in F<.psgi> files.
2917 my $psgi = $app->engine->build_psgi_app($app);
2918 return $app->Catalyst::Utils::apply_registered_middleware($psgi);
2921 =head2 $c->setup_home
2923 Sets up the home directory.
2928 my ( $class, $home ) = @_;
2930 if ( my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'HOME' ) ) {
2934 $home ||= Catalyst::Utils::home($class);
2937 #I remember recently being scolded for assigning config values like this
2938 $class->config->{home} ||= $home;
2939 $class->config->{root} ||= Path::Class::Dir->new($home)->subdir('root');
2943 =head2 $c->setup_log
2945 Sets up log by instantiating a L<Catalyst::Log|Catalyst::Log> object and
2946 passing it to C<log()>. Pass in a comma-delimited list of levels to set the
2949 This method also installs a C<debug> method that returns a true value into the
2950 catalyst subclass if the "debug" level is passed in the comma-delimited list,
2951 or if the C<$CATALYST_DEBUG> environment variable is set to a true value.
2953 Note that if the log has already been setup, by either a previous call to
2954 C<setup_log> or by a call such as C<< __PACKAGE__->log( MyLogger->new ) >>,
2955 that this method won't actually set up the log object.
2960 my ( $class, $levels ) = @_;
2963 $levels =~ s/^\s+//;
2964 $levels =~ s/\s+$//;
2965 my %levels = map { $_ => 1 } split /\s*,\s*/, $levels;
2967 my $env_debug = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'DEBUG' );
2968 if ( defined $env_debug ) {
2969 $levels{debug} = 1 if $env_debug; # Ugly!
2970 delete($levels{debug}) unless $env_debug;
2973 unless ( $class->log ) {
2974 $class->log( Catalyst::Log->new(keys %levels) );
2977 if ( $levels{debug} ) {
2978 Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class)->add_method('debug' => sub { 1 });
2979 $class->log->debug('Debug messages enabled');
2983 =head2 $c->setup_plugins
2989 =head2 $c->setup_stats
2991 Sets up timing statistics class.
2996 my ( $class, $stats ) = @_;
2998 Catalyst::Utils::ensure_class_loaded($class->stats_class);
3000 my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'STATS' );
3001 if ( defined($env) ? $env : ($stats || $class->debug ) ) {
3002 Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class)->add_method('use_stats' => sub { 1 });
3003 $class->log->debug('Statistics enabled');
3008 =head2 $c->registered_plugins
3010 Returns a sorted list of the plugins which have either been stated in the
3013 If passed a given plugin name, it will report a boolean value indicating
3014 whether or not that plugin is loaded. A fully qualified name is required if
3015 the plugin name does not begin with C<Catalyst::Plugin::>.
3017 if ($c->registered_plugins('Some::Plugin')) {
3025 sub registered_plugins {
3027 return sort keys %{ $proto->_plugins } unless @_;
3029 return 1 if exists $proto->_plugins->{$plugin};
3030 return exists $proto->_plugins->{"Catalyst::Plugin::$plugin"};
3033 sub _register_plugin {
3034 my ( $proto, $plugin, $instant ) = @_;
3035 my $class = ref $proto || $proto;
3037 load_class( $plugin );
3038 $class->log->warn( "$plugin inherits from 'Catalyst::Component' - this is deprecated and will not work in 5.81" )
3039 if $plugin->isa( 'Catalyst::Component' );
3040 my $plugin_meta = Moose::Meta::Class->create($plugin);
3041 if (!$plugin_meta->has_method('new')
3042 && ( $plugin->isa('Class::Accessor::Fast') || $plugin->isa('Class::Accessor') ) ) {
3043 $plugin_meta->add_method('new', Moose::Object->meta->get_method('new'))
3045 if (!$instant && !$proto->_plugins->{$plugin}) {
3046 my $meta = Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class);
3047 $meta->superclasses($plugin, $meta->superclasses);
3049 $proto->_plugins->{$plugin} = 1;
3053 sub _default_plugins { return qw(Unicode::Encoding) }
3056 my ( $class, $plugins ) = @_;
3058 $class->_plugins( {} ) unless $class->_plugins;
3060 m/Unicode::Encoding/ ? do {
3062 'Unicode::Encoding plugin is auto-applied,'
3063 . ' please remove this from your appclass'
3064 . ' and make sure to define "encoding" config'
3066 unless (exists $class->config->{'encoding'}) {
3067 $class->config->{'encoding'} = 'UTF-8';
3072 push @$plugins, $class->_default_plugins;
3073 $plugins = Data::OptList::mkopt($plugins || []);
3076 [ Catalyst::Utils::resolve_namespace(
3077 $class . '::Plugin',
3078 'Catalyst::Plugin', $_->[0]
3084 for my $plugin ( reverse @plugins ) {
3085 load_class($plugin->[0], $plugin->[1]);
3086 my $meta = find_meta($plugin->[0]);
3087 next if $meta && $meta->isa('Moose::Meta::Role');
3089 $class->_register_plugin($plugin->[0]);
3093 map { $_->[0]->name, $_->[1] }
3094 grep { blessed($_->[0]) && $_->[0]->isa('Moose::Meta::Role') }
3095 map { [find_meta($_->[0]), $_->[1]] }
3098 Moose::Util::apply_all_roles(
3104 =head2 registered_middlewares
3106 Read only accessor that returns an array of all the middleware in the order
3107 that they were added (which is the REVERSE of the order they will be applied).
3109 The values returned will be either instances of L<Plack::Middleware> or of a
3110 compatible interface, or a coderef, which is assumed to be inlined middleware
3112 =head2 setup_middleware (?@middleware)
3114 Read configuration information stored in configuration key C<psgi_middleware> or
3117 See under L</CONFIGURATION> information regarding C<psgi_middleware> and how
3118 to use it to enable L<Plack::Middleware>
3120 This method is automatically called during 'setup' of your application, so
3121 you really don't need to invoke it. However you may do so if you find the idea
3122 of loading middleware via configuration weird :). For example:
3128 __PACKAGE__->setup_middleware('Head');
3131 When we read middleware definitions from configuration, we reverse the list
3132 which sounds odd but is likely how you expect it to work if you have prior
3133 experience with L<Plack::Builder> or if you previously used the plugin
3134 L<Catalyst::Plugin::EnableMiddleware> (which is now considered deprecated)
3136 So basically your middleware handles an incoming request from the first
3137 registered middleware, down and handles the response from the last middleware
3142 sub registered_middlewares {
3144 if(my $middleware = $class->_psgi_middleware) {
3146 Catalyst::Middleware::Stash->new,
3147 Plack::Middleware::HTTPExceptions->new,
3148 Plack::Middleware::RemoveRedundantBody->new,
3149 Plack::Middleware::FixMissingBodyInRedirect->new,
3150 Plack::Middleware::ContentLength->new,
3151 Plack::Middleware::MethodOverride->new,
3152 Plack::Middleware::Head->new,
3155 die "You cannot call ->registered_middlewares until middleware has been setup";
3159 sub setup_middleware {
3161 my @middleware_definitions = @_ ?
3162 reverse(@_) : reverse(@{$class->config->{'psgi_middleware'}||[]});
3164 my @middleware = ();
3165 while(my $next = shift(@middleware_definitions)) {
3167 if(Scalar::Util::blessed $next && $next->can('wrap')) {
3168 push @middleware, $next;
3169 } elsif(ref $next eq 'CODE') {
3170 push @middleware, $next;
3171 } elsif(ref $next eq 'HASH') {
3172 my $namespace = shift @middleware_definitions;
3173 my $mw = $class->Catalyst::Utils::build_middleware($namespace, %$next);
3174 push @middleware, $mw;
3176 die "I can't handle middleware definition ${\ref $next}";
3179 my $mw = $class->Catalyst::Utils::build_middleware($next);
3180 push @middleware, $mw;
3184 my @existing = @{$class->_psgi_middleware || []};
3185 $class->_psgi_middleware([@middleware,@existing,]);
3188 =head2 registered_data_handlers
3190 A read only copy of registered Data Handlers returned as a Hash, where each key
3191 is a content type and each value is a subref that attempts to decode that content
3194 =head2 setup_data_handlers (?@data_handler)
3196 Read configuration information stored in configuration key C<data_handlers> or
3199 See under L</CONFIGURATION> information regarding C<data_handlers>.
3201 This method is automatically called during 'setup' of your application, so
3202 you really don't need to invoke it.
3204 =head2 default_data_handlers
3206 Default Data Handlers that come bundled with L<Catalyst>. Currently there are
3207 only two default data handlers, for 'application/json' and an alternative to
3208 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' which supposed nested form parameters via
3209 L<CGI::Struct> or via L<CGI::Struct::XS> IF you've installed it.
3211 The 'application/json' data handler is used to parse incoming JSON into a Perl
3212 data structure. It used either L<JSON::MaybeXS> or L<JSON>, depending on which
3213 is installed. This allows you to fail back to L<JSON:PP>, which is a Pure Perl
3214 JSON decoder, and has the smallest dependency impact.
3216 Because we don't wish to add more dependencies to L<Catalyst>, if you wish to
3217 use this new feature we recommend installing L<JSON> or L<JSON::MaybeXS> in
3218 order to get the best performance. You should add either to your dependency
3219 list (Makefile.PL, dist.ini, cpanfile, etc.)
3223 sub registered_data_handlers {
3225 if(my $data_handlers = $class->_data_handlers) {
3226 return %$data_handlers;
3228 $class->setup_data_handlers;
3229 return $class->registered_data_handlers;
3233 sub setup_data_handlers {
3234 my ($class, %data_handler_callbacks) = @_;
3235 %data_handler_callbacks = (
3236 %{$class->default_data_handlers},
3237 %{$class->config->{'data_handlers'}||+{}},
3238 %data_handler_callbacks);
3240 $class->_data_handlers(\%data_handler_callbacks);
3243 sub default_data_handlers {
3246 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' => sub {
3247 my ($fh, $req) = @_;
3248 my $params = $req->_use_hash_multivalue ? $req->body_parameters->mixed : $req->body_parameters;
3249 Class::Load::load_first_existing_class('CGI::Struct::XS', 'CGI::Struct')
3250 ->can('build_cgi_struct')->($params);
3252 'application/json' => sub {
3253 Class::Load::load_first_existing_class('JSON::MaybeXS', 'JSON')
3254 ->can('decode_json')->(do { local $/; $_->getline });
3261 Returns an arrayref of the internal execution stack (actions that are
3262 currently executing).
3266 Returns the current timing statistics object. By default Catalyst uses
3267 L<Catalyst::Stats|Catalyst::Stats>, but can be set otherwise with
3268 L<< stats_class|/"$c->stats_class" >>.
3270 Even if L<< -Stats|/"-Stats" >> is not enabled, the stats object is still
3271 available. By enabling it with C< $c->stats->enabled(1) >, it can be used to
3272 profile explicitly, although MyApp.pm still won't profile nor output anything
3275 =head2 $c->stats_class
3277 Returns or sets the stats (timing statistics) class. L<Catalyst::Stats|Catalyst::Stats> is used by default.
3279 =head2 $c->use_stats
3281 Returns 1 when L<< stats collection|/"-Stats" >> is enabled.
3283 Note that this is a static method, not an accessor and should be overridden
3284 by declaring C<sub use_stats { 1 }> in your MyApp.pm, not by calling C<< $c->use_stats(1) >>.
3291 =head2 $c->write( $data )
3293 Writes $data to the output stream. When using this method directly, you
3294 will need to manually set the C<Content-Length> header to the length of
3295 your output data, if known.
3302 # Finalize headers if someone manually writes output (for compat)
3303 $c->finalize_headers;
3305 return $c->response->write( @_ );
3310 Returns the Catalyst version number. Mostly useful for "powered by"
3311 messages in template systems.
3315 sub version { return $Catalyst::VERSION }
3317 =head1 CONFIGURATION
3319 There are a number of 'base' config variables which can be set:
3325 C<default_model> - The default model picked if you say C<< $c->model >>. See L<< /$c->model($name) >>.
3329 C<default_view> - The default view to be rendered or returned when C<< $c->view >> is called. See L<< /$c->view($name) >>.
3333 C<disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback> - Turns
3334 off the deprecated component resolution functionality so
3335 that if any of the component methods (e.g. C<< $c->controller('Foo') >>)
3336 are called then regex search will not be attempted on string values and
3337 instead C<undef> will be returned.
3341 C<home> - The application home directory. In an uninstalled application,
3342 this is the top level application directory. In an installed application,
3343 this will be the directory containing C<< MyApp.pm >>.
3347 C<ignore_frontend_proxy> - See L</PROXY SUPPORT>
3351 C<name> - The name of the application in debug messages and the debug and
3356 C<parse_on_demand> - The request body (for example file uploads) will not be parsed
3357 until it is accessed. This allows you to (for example) check authentication (and reject
3358 the upload) before actually receiving all the data. See L</ON-DEMAND PARSER>
3362 C<root> - The root directory for templates. Usually this is just a
3363 subdirectory of the home directory, but you can set it to change the
3364 templates to a different directory.
3368 C<search_extra> - Array reference passed to Module::Pluggable to for additional
3369 namespaces from which components will be loaded (and constructed and stored in
3370 C<< $c->components >>).
3374 C<show_internal_actions> - If true, causes internal actions such as C<< _DISPATCH >>
3375 to be shown in hit debug tables in the test server.
3379 C<use_request_uri_for_path> - Controls if the C<REQUEST_URI> or C<PATH_INFO> environment
3380 variable should be used for determining the request path.
3382 Most web server environments pass the requested path to the application using environment variables,
3383 from which Catalyst has to reconstruct the request base (i.e. the top level path to / in the application,
3384 exposed as C<< $c->request->base >>) and the request path below that base.
3386 There are two methods of doing this, both of which have advantages and disadvantages. Which method is used
3387 is determined by the C<< $c->config(use_request_uri_for_path) >> setting (which can either be true or false).
3391 =item use_request_uri_for_path => 0
3393 This is the default (and the) traditional method that Catalyst has used for determining the path information.
3394 The path is generated from a combination of the C<PATH_INFO> and C<SCRIPT_NAME> environment variables.
3395 The allows the application to behave correctly when C<mod_rewrite> is being used to redirect requests
3396 into the application, as these variables are adjusted by mod_rewrite to take account for the redirect.
3398 However this method has the major disadvantage that it is impossible to correctly decode some elements
3399 of the path, as RFC 3875 says: "C<< Unlike a URI path, the PATH_INFO is not URL-encoded, and cannot
3400 contain path-segment parameters. >>" This means PATH_INFO is B<always> decoded, and therefore Catalyst
3401 can't distinguish / vs %2F in paths (in addition to other encoded values).
3403 =item use_request_uri_for_path => 1
3405 This method uses the C<REQUEST_URI> and C<SCRIPT_NAME> environment variables. As C<REQUEST_URI> is never
3406 decoded, this means that applications using this mode can correctly handle URIs including the %2F character
3407 (i.e. with C<AllowEncodedSlashes> set to C<On> in Apache).
3409 Given that this method of path resolution is provably more correct, it is recommended that you use
3410 this unless you have a specific need to deploy your application in a non-standard environment, and you are
3411 aware of the implications of not being able to handle encoded URI paths correctly.
3413 However it also means that in a number of cases when the app isn't installed directly at a path, but instead
3414 is having paths rewritten into it (e.g. as a .cgi/fcgi in a public_html directory, with mod_rewrite in a
3415 .htaccess file, or when SSI is used to rewrite pages into the app, or when sub-paths of the app are exposed
3416 at other URIs than that which the app is 'normally' based at with C<mod_rewrite>), the resolution of
3417 C<< $c->request->base >> will be incorrect.
3423 C<using_frontend_proxy> - See L</PROXY SUPPORT>.
3427 C<encoding> - See L</ENCODING>
3431 C<abort_chain_on_error_fix>
3433 When there is an error in an action chain, the default behavior is to continue
3434 processing the remaining actions and then catch the error upon chain end. This
3435 can lead to running actions when the application is in an unexpected state. If
3436 you have this issue, setting this config value to true will promptly exit a
3437 chain when there is an error raised in any action (thus terminating the chain
3442 __PACKAGE__->config(abort_chain_on_error_fix => 1);
3444 In the future this might become the default behavior.
3448 C<use_hash_multivalue_in_request>
3450 In L<Catalyst::Request> the methods C<query_parameters>, C<body_parametes>
3451 and C<parameters> return a hashref where values might be scalar or an arrayref
3452 depending on the incoming data. In many cases this can be undesirable as it
3453 leads one to writing defensive code like the following:
3455 my ($val) = ref($c->req->parameters->{a}) ?
3456 @{$c->req->parameters->{a}} :
3457 $c->req->parameters->{a};
3459 Setting this configuration item to true will make L<Catalyst> populate the
3460 attributes underlying these methods with an instance of L<Hash::MultiValue>
3461 which is used by L<Plack::Request> and others to solve this very issue. You
3462 may prefer this behavior to the default, if so enable this option (be warned
3463 if you enable it in a legacy application we are not sure if it is completely
3464 backwardly compatible).
3468 C<psgi_middleware> - See L<PSGI MIDDLEWARE>.
3472 C<data_handlers> - See L<DATA HANDLERS>.
3478 Generally when you throw an exception inside an Action (or somewhere in
3479 your stack, such as in a model that an Action is calling) that exception
3480 is caught by Catalyst and unless you either catch it yourself (via eval
3481 or something like L<Try::Tiny> or by reviewing the L</error> stack, it
3482 will eventually reach L</finalize_errors> and return either the debugging
3483 error stack page, or the default error page. However, if your exception
3484 can be caught by L<Plack::Middleware::HTTPExceptions>, L<Catalyst> will
3485 instead rethrow it so that it can be handled by that middleware (which
3486 is part of the default middleware). For example this would allow
3488 use HTTP::Throwable::Factory 'http_throw';
3490 sub throws_exception :Local {
3491 my ($self, $c) = @_;
3493 http_throw(SeeOther => { location =>
3494 $c->uri_for($self->action_for('redirect')) });
3498 =head1 INTERNAL ACTIONS
3500 Catalyst uses internal actions like C<_DISPATCH>, C<_BEGIN>, C<_AUTO>,
3501 C<_ACTION>, and C<_END>. These are by default not shown in the private
3502 action table, but you can make them visible with a config parameter.
3504 MyApp->config(show_internal_actions => 1);
3506 =head1 ON-DEMAND PARSER
3508 The request body is usually parsed at the beginning of a request,
3509 but if you want to handle input yourself, you can enable on-demand
3510 parsing with a config parameter.
3512 MyApp->config(parse_on_demand => 1);
3514 =head1 PROXY SUPPORT
3516 Many production servers operate using the common double-server approach,
3517 with a lightweight frontend web server passing requests to a larger
3518 backend server. An application running on the backend server must deal
3519 with two problems: the remote user always appears to be C<127.0.0.1> and
3520 the server's hostname will appear to be C<localhost> regardless of the
3521 virtual host that the user connected through.
3523 Catalyst will automatically detect this situation when you are running
3524 the frontend and backend servers on the same machine. The following
3525 changes are made to the request.
3527 $c->req->address is set to the user's real IP address, as read from
3528 the HTTP X-Forwarded-For header.
3530 The host value for $c->req->base and $c->req->uri is set to the real
3531 host, as read from the HTTP X-Forwarded-Host header.
3533 Additionally, you may be running your backend application on an insecure
3534 connection (port 80) while your frontend proxy is running under SSL. If there
3535 is a discrepancy in the ports, use the HTTP header C<X-Forwarded-Port> to
3536 tell Catalyst what port the frontend listens on. This will allow all URIs to
3537 be created properly.
3539 In the case of passing in:
3541 X-Forwarded-Port: 443
3543 All calls to C<uri_for> will result in an https link, as is expected.
3545 Obviously, your web server must support these headers for this to work.
3547 In a more complex server farm environment where you may have your
3548 frontend proxy server(s) on different machines, you will need to set a
3549 configuration option to tell Catalyst to read the proxied data from the
3552 MyApp->config(using_frontend_proxy => 1);
3554 If you do not wish to use the proxy support at all, you may set:
3556 MyApp->config(ignore_frontend_proxy => 0);
3558 =head2 Note about psgi files
3560 Note that if you supply your own .psgi file, calling
3561 C<< MyApp->psgi_app(@_); >>, then B<this will not happen automatically>.
3563 You either need to apply L<Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy> yourself
3564 in your psgi, for example:
3567 enable "Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy";
3571 This will unconditionally add the ReverseProxy support, or you need to call
3572 C<< $app = MyApp->apply_default_middlewares($app) >> (to conditionally
3573 apply the support depending upon your config).
3575 See L<Catalyst::PSGI> for more information.
3577 =head1 THREAD SAFETY
3579 Catalyst has been tested under Apache 2's threading C<mpm_worker>,
3580 C<mpm_winnt>, and the standalone forking HTTP server on Windows. We
3581 believe the Catalyst core to be thread-safe.
3583 If you plan to operate in a threaded environment, remember that all other
3584 modules you are using must also be thread-safe. Some modules, most notably
3585 L<DBD::SQLite>, are not thread-safe.
3587 =head1 DATA HANDLERS
3589 The L<Catalyst::Request> object uses L<HTTP::Body> to populate 'classic' HTML
3590 form parameters and URL search query fields. However it has become common
3591 for various alternative content types to be PUT or POSTed to your controllers
3592 and actions. People working on RESTful APIs, or using AJAX often use JSON,
3593 XML and other content types when communicating with an application server. In
3594 order to better support this use case, L<Catalyst> defines a global configuration
3595 option, C<data_handlers>, which lets you associate a content type with a coderef
3596 that parses that content type into something Perl can readily access.
3603 __PACKAGE__->config(
3605 'application/json' => sub { local $/; decode_json $_->getline },
3607 ## Any other configuration.
3612 By default L<Catalyst> comes with a generic JSON data handler similar to the
3613 example given above, which uses L<JSON::Maybe> to provide either L<JSON::PP>
3614 (a pure Perl, dependency free JSON parser) or L<Cpanel::JSON::XS> if you have
3615 it installed (if you want the faster XS parser, add it to you project Makefile.PL
3616 or dist.ini, cpanfile, etc.)
3618 The C<data_handlers> configuration is a hashref whose keys are HTTP Content-Types
3619 (matched against the incoming request type using a regexp such as to be case
3620 insensitive) and whose values are coderefs that receive a localized version of
3621 C<$_> which is a filehandle object pointing to received body.
3623 This feature is considered an early access release and we reserve the right
3624 to alter the interface in order to provide a performant and secure solution to
3625 alternative request body content. Your reports welcomed!
3627 =head1 PSGI MIDDLEWARE
3629 You can define middleware, defined as L<Plack::Middleware> or a compatible
3630 interface in configuration. Your middleware definitions are in the form of an
3631 arrayref under the configuration key C<psgi_middleware>. Here's an example
3632 with details to follow:
3637 use Plack::Middleware::StackTrace;
3639 my $stacktrace_middleware = Plack::Middleware::StackTrace->new;
3641 __PACKAGE__->config(
3642 'psgi_middleware', [
3645 $stacktrace_middleware,
3646 'Session' => {store => 'File'},
3651 $env->{myapp.customkey} = 'helloworld';
3660 So the general form is:
3662 __PACKAGE__->config(psgi_middleware => \@middleware_definitions);
3664 Where C<@middleware> is one or more of the following, applied in the REVERSE of
3665 the order listed (to make it function similarly to L<Plack::Builder>:
3667 Alternatively, you may also define middleware by calling the L</setup_middleware>
3674 __PACKAGE__->setup_middleware( \@middleware_definitions);
3677 In the case where you do both (use 'setup_middleware' and configuration) the
3678 package call to setup_middleware will be applied earlier (in other words its
3679 middleware will wrap closer to the application). Keep this in mind since in
3680 some cases the order of middleware is important.
3682 The two approaches are not exclusive.
3686 =item Middleware Object
3688 An already initialized object that conforms to the L<Plack::Middleware>
3691 my $stacktrace_middleware = Plack::Middleware::StackTrace->new;
3693 __PACKAGE__->config(
3694 'psgi_middleware', [
3695 $stacktrace_middleware,
3701 A coderef that is an inlined middleware:
3703 __PACKAGE__->config(
3704 'psgi_middleware', [
3709 if($env->{PATH_INFO} =~m/forced/) {
3711 ->new(file=>TestApp->path_to(qw/share static forced.txt/))
3714 return $app->($env);
3724 We assume the scalar refers to a namespace after normalizing it using the
3727 (1) If the scalar is prefixed with a "+" (as in C<+MyApp::Foo>) then the full string
3728 is assumed to be 'as is', and we just install and use the middleware.
3730 (2) If the scalar begins with "Plack::Middleware" or your application namespace
3731 (the package name of your Catalyst application subclass), we also assume then
3732 that it is a full namespace, and use it.
3734 (3) Lastly, we then assume that the scalar is a partial namespace, and attempt to
3735 resolve it first by looking for it under your application namespace (for example
3736 if you application is "MyApp::Web" and the scalar is "MyMiddleware", we'd look
3737 under "MyApp::Web::Middleware::MyMiddleware") and if we don't find it there, we
3738 will then look under the regular L<Plack::Middleware> namespace (i.e. for the
3739 previous we'd try "Plack::Middleware::MyMiddleware"). We look under your application
3740 namespace first to let you 'override' common L<Plack::Middleware> locally, should
3741 you find that a good idea.
3747 __PACKAGE__->config(
3748 'psgi_middleware', [
3749 'Debug', ## MyAppWeb::Middleware::Debug->wrap or Plack::Middleware::Debug->wrap
3750 'Plack::Middleware::Stacktrace', ## Plack::Middleware::Stacktrace->wrap
3751 '+MyApp::Custom', ## MyApp::Custom->wrap
3755 =item a scalar followed by a hashref
3757 Just like the previous, except the following C<HashRef> is used as arguments
3758 to initialize the middleware object.
3760 __PACKAGE__->config(
3761 'psgi_middleware', [
3762 'Session' => {store => 'File'},
3767 Please see L<PSGI> for more on middleware.
3771 On request, decodes all params from encoding into a sequence of
3772 logical characters. On response, encodes body into encoding.
3780 Returns an instance of an C<Encode> encoding
3782 print $c->encoding->name
3784 =item handle_unicode_encoding_exception ($exception_context)
3786 Method called when decoding process for a request fails.
3788 An C<$exception_context> hashref is provided to allow you to override the
3789 behaviour of your application when given data with incorrect encodings.
3791 The default method throws exceptions in the case of invalid request parameters
3792 (resulting in a 500 error), but ignores errors in upload filenames.
3794 The keys passed in the C<$exception_context> hash are:
3800 The value which was not able to be decoded.
3804 The exception received from L<Encode>.
3808 What type of data was being decoded. Valid values are (currently)
3809 C<params> - for request parameters / arguments / captures
3810 and C<uploads> - for request upload filenames.
3820 Join #catalyst on irc.perl.org.
3824 http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst
3825 http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst-dev
3829 http://catalyst.perl.org
3833 http://dev.catalyst.perl.org
3837 =head2 L<Task::Catalyst> - All you need to start with Catalyst
3839 =head2 L<Catalyst::Manual> - The Catalyst Manual
3841 =head2 L<Catalyst::Component>, L<Catalyst::Controller> - Base classes for components
3843 =head2 L<Catalyst::Engine> - Core engine
3845 =head2 L<Catalyst::Log> - Log class.
3847 =head2 L<Catalyst::Request> - Request object
3849 =head2 L<Catalyst::Response> - Response object
3851 =head2 L<Catalyst::Test> - The test suite.
3853 =head1 PROJECT FOUNDER
3855 sri: Sebastian Riedel <sri@cpan.org>
3861 acme: Leon Brocard <leon@astray.com>
3863 abraxxa: Alexander Hartmaier <abraxxa@cpan.org>
3867 Andrew Ford E<lt>A.Ford@ford-mason.co.ukE<gt>
3871 andyg: Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
3873 audreyt: Audrey Tang
3875 bricas: Brian Cassidy <bricas@cpan.org>
3877 Caelum: Rafael Kitover <rkitover@io.com>
3879 chansen: Christian Hansen
3881 chicks: Christopher Hicks
3883 Chisel Wright C<pause@herlpacker.co.uk>
3885 Danijel Milicevic C<me@danijel.de>
3887 David Kamholz E<lt>dkamholz@cpan.orgE<gt>
3889 David Naughton, C<naughton@umn.edu>
3893 dhoss: Devin Austin <dhoss@cpan.org>
3895 dkubb: Dan Kubb <dan.kubb-cpan@onautopilot.com>
3899 dwc: Daniel Westermann-Clark <danieltwc@cpan.org>
3901 esskar: Sascha Kiefer
3903 fireartist: Carl Franks <cfranks@cpan.org>
3905 frew: Arthur Axel "fREW" Schmidt <frioux@gmail.com>
3907 gabb: Danijel Milicevic
3911 Gavin Henry C<ghenry@perl.me.uk>
3915 groditi: Guillermo Roditi <groditi@gmail.com>
3917 hobbs: Andrew Rodland <andrew@cleverdomain.org>
3919 ilmari: Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker <ilmari@ilmari.org>
3921 jcamacho: Juan Camacho
3923 jester: Jesse Sheidlower C<jester@panix.com>
3925 jhannah: Jay Hannah <jay@jays.net>
3931 jon: Jon Schutz <jjschutz@cpan.org>
3933 Jonathan Rockway C<< <jrockway@cpan.org> >>
3935 Kieren Diment C<kd@totaldatasolution.com>
3937 konobi: Scott McWhirter <konobi@cpan.org>
3939 marcus: Marcus Ramberg <mramberg@cpan.org>
3941 miyagawa: Tatsuhiko Miyagawa <miyagawa@bulknews.net>
3943 mgrimes: Mark Grimes <mgrimes@cpan.org>
3945 mst: Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
3949 naughton: David Naughton
3951 ningu: David Kamholz <dkamholz@cpan.org>
3953 nothingmuch: Yuval Kogman <nothingmuch@woobling.org>
3955 numa: Dan Sully <daniel@cpan.org>
3961 omega: Andreas Marienborg
3963 Oleg Kostyuk <cub.uanic@gmail.com>
3965 phaylon: Robert Sedlacek <phaylon@dunkelheit.at>
3967 rafl: Florian Ragwitz <rafl@debian.org>
3969 random: Roland Lammel <lammel@cpan.org>
3971 Robert Sedlacek C<< <rs@474.at> >>
3973 SpiceMan: Marcel Montes
3977 szbalint: Balint Szilakszi <szbalint@cpan.org>
3979 t0m: Tomas Doran <bobtfish@bobtfish.net>
3983 vanstyn: Henry Van Styn <vanstyn@cpan.org>
3985 Viljo Marrandi C<vilts@yahoo.com>
3987 Will Hawes C<info@whawes.co.uk>
3989 willert: Sebastian Willert <willert@cpan.org>
3991 wreis: Wallace Reis <wreis@cpan.org>
3993 Yuval Kogman, C<nothingmuch@woobling.org>
3995 rainboxx: Matthias Dietrich, C<perl@rainboxx.de>
3997 dd070: Dhaval Dhanani <dhaval070@gmail.com>
3999 Upasana <me@upasana.me>
4003 Copyright (c) 2005-2014, the above named PROJECT FOUNDER and CONTRIBUTORS.
4007 This library is free software. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
4008 the same terms as Perl itself.
4014 __PACKAGE__->meta->make_immutable;