4 extends 'Catalyst::Component';
7 use Catalyst::Exception;
10 use Catalyst::Request::Upload;
11 use Catalyst::Response;
13 use Catalyst::Controller;
14 use Devel::InnerPackage ();
16 use Module::Pluggable::Object ();
17 use Text::SimpleTable ();
18 use Path::Class::Dir ();
19 use Path::Class::File ();
20 use Time::HiRes qw/gettimeofday tv_interval/;
24 use Scalar::Util qw/weaken/;
25 use Tree::Simple qw/use_weak_refs/;
26 use Tree::Simple::Visitor::FindByUID;
29 use Carp qw/croak carp shortmess/;
31 BEGIN { require 5.008001; }
33 has stack => (is => 'ro', default => sub { [] });
34 has stash => (is => 'rw', default => sub { {} });
35 has state => (is => 'rw', default => 0);
36 has stats => (is => 'rw');
37 has action => (is => 'rw');
38 has counter => (is => 'rw', default => sub { {} });
39 has request => (is => 'rw', default => sub { $_[0]->request_class->new({}) }, required => 1, lazy => 1);
40 has response => (is => 'rw', default => sub { $_[0]->response_class->new({}) }, required => 1, lazy => 1);
41 has namespace => (is => 'rw');
43 sub depth { scalar @{ shift->stack || [] }; }
44 sub comp { shift->component(@_) }
47 # carp "the use of req() is deprecated in favour of request()";
48 my $self = shift; return $self->request(@_);
51 # carp "the use of res() is deprecated in favour of response()";
52 my $self = shift; return $self->response(@_);
55 # For backwards compatibility
56 sub finalize_output { shift->finalize_body(@_) };
61 our $RECURSION = 1000;
62 our $DETACH = "catalyst_detach\n";
63 our $GO = "catalyst_go\n";
65 #I imagine that very few of these really need to be class variables. if any.
66 #maybe we should just make them attributes with a default?
67 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata($_)
68 for qw/components arguments dispatcher engine log dispatcher_class
69 engine_class context_class request_class response_class stats_class
72 __PACKAGE__->dispatcher_class('Catalyst::Dispatcher');
73 __PACKAGE__->engine_class('Catalyst::Engine::CGI');
74 __PACKAGE__->request_class('Catalyst::Request');
75 __PACKAGE__->response_class('Catalyst::Response');
76 __PACKAGE__->stats_class('Catalyst::Stats');
78 # Remember to update this in Catalyst::Runtime as well!
80 our $VERSION = '5.8000_05';
83 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
85 # We have to limit $class to Catalyst to avoid pushing Catalyst upon every
87 return unless $class eq 'Catalyst';
89 my $caller = caller();
90 return if $caller eq 'main';
91 my $meta = Moose::Meta::Class->initialize($caller);
92 #Moose->import({ into => $caller }); #do we want to do this?
94 unless ( $caller->isa('Catalyst') ) {
95 my @superclasses = ($meta->superclasses, $class, 'Catalyst::Controller');
96 $meta->superclasses(@superclasses);
98 unless( $meta->has_method('meta') ){
99 $meta->add_method(meta => sub { Moose::Meta::Class->initialize("${caller}") } );
102 $caller->arguments( [@arguments] );
108 Catalyst - The Elegant MVC Web Application Framework
112 See the L<Catalyst::Manual> distribution for comprehensive
113 documentation and tutorials.
115 # Install Catalyst::Devel for helpers and other development tools
116 # use the helper to create a new application
119 # add models, views, controllers
120 script/myapp_create.pl model MyDatabase DBIC::Schema create=static dbi:SQLite:/path/to/db
121 script/myapp_create.pl view MyTemplate TT
122 script/myapp_create.pl controller Search
124 # built in testserver -- use -r to restart automatically on changes
125 # --help to see all available options
126 script/myapp_server.pl
128 # command line testing interface
129 script/myapp_test.pl /yada
132 use Catalyst qw/-Debug/; # include plugins here as well
134 ### In lib/MyApp/Controller/Root.pm (autocreated)
135 sub foo : Global { # called for /foo, /foo/1, /foo/1/2, etc.
136 my ( $self, $c, @args ) = @_; # args are qw/1 2/ for /foo/1/2
137 $c->stash->{template} = 'foo.tt'; # set the template
138 # lookup something from db -- stash vars are passed to TT
140 $c->model('Database::Foo')->search( { country => $args[0] } );
141 if ( $c->req->params->{bar} ) { # access GET or POST parameters
142 $c->forward( 'bar' ); # process another action
143 # do something else after forward returns
147 # The foo.tt TT template can use the stash data from the database
148 [% WHILE (item = data.next) %]
152 # called for /bar/of/soap, /bar/of/soap/10, etc.
153 sub bar : Path('/bar/of/soap') { ... }
155 # called for all actions, from the top-most controller downwards
157 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
158 if ( !$c->user_exists ) { # Catalyst::Plugin::Authentication
159 $c->res->redirect( '/login' ); # require login
160 return 0; # abort request and go immediately to end()
162 return 1; # success; carry on to next action
165 # called after all actions are finished
167 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
168 if ( scalar @{ $c->error } ) { ... } # handle errors
169 return if $c->res->body; # already have a response
170 $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' ); # render template
173 ### in MyApp/Controller/Foo.pm
174 # called for /foo/bar
175 sub bar : Local { ... }
177 # called for /blargle
178 sub blargle : Global { ... }
180 # an index action matches /foo, but not /foo/1, etc.
181 sub index : Private { ... }
183 ### in MyApp/Controller/Foo/Bar.pm
184 # called for /foo/bar/baz
185 sub baz : Local { ... }
187 # first Root auto is called, then Foo auto, then this
188 sub auto : Private { ... }
190 # powerful regular expression paths are also possible
191 sub details : Regex('^product/(\w+)/details$') {
192 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
193 # extract the (\w+) from the URI
194 my $product = $c->req->captures->[0];
197 See L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro> for additional information.
201 Catalyst is a modern framework for making web applications without the
202 pain usually associated with this process. This document is a reference
203 to the main Catalyst application. If you are a new user, we suggest you
204 start with L<Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial> or L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro>.
206 See L<Catalyst::Manual> for more documentation.
208 Catalyst plugins can be loaded by naming them as arguments to the "use
209 Catalyst" statement. Omit the C<Catalyst::Plugin::> prefix from the
210 plugin name, i.e., C<Catalyst::Plugin::My::Module> becomes
213 use Catalyst qw/My::Module/;
215 If your plugin starts with a name other than C<Catalyst::Plugin::>, you can
216 fully qualify the name by using a unary plus:
220 +Fully::Qualified::Plugin::Name
223 Special flags like C<-Debug> and C<-Engine> can also be specified as
224 arguments when Catalyst is loaded:
226 use Catalyst qw/-Debug My::Module/;
228 The position of plugins and flags in the chain is important, because
229 they are loaded in the order in which they appear.
231 The following flags are supported:
235 Enables debug output. You can also force this setting from the system
236 environment with CATALYST_DEBUG or <MYAPP>_DEBUG. The environment
237 settings override the application, with <MYAPP>_DEBUG having the highest
242 Forces Catalyst to use a specific engine. Omit the
243 C<Catalyst::Engine::> prefix of the engine name, i.e.:
245 use Catalyst qw/-Engine=CGI/;
249 Forces Catalyst to use a specific home directory, e.g.:
251 use Catalyst qw[-Home=/usr/mst];
253 This can also be done in the shell environment by setting either the
254 C<CATALYST_HOME> environment variable or C<MYAPP_HOME>; where C<MYAPP>
255 is replaced with the uppercased name of your application, any "::" in
256 the name will be replaced with underscores, e.g. MyApp::Web should use
257 MYAPP_WEB_HOME. If both variables are set, the MYAPP_HOME one will be used.
261 use Catalyst '-Log=warn,fatal,error';
263 Specifies a comma-delimited list of log levels.
267 Enables statistics collection and reporting. You can also force this setting
268 from the system environment with CATALYST_STATS or <MYAPP>_STATS. The
269 environment settings override the application, with <MYAPP>_STATS having the
274 use Catalyst qw/-Stats=1/
278 =head2 INFORMATION ABOUT THE CURRENT REQUEST
282 Returns a L<Catalyst::Action> object for the current action, which
283 stringifies to the action name. See L<Catalyst::Action>.
287 Returns the namespace of the current action, i.e., the URI prefix
288 corresponding to the controller of the current action. For example:
290 # in Controller::Foo::Bar
291 $c->namespace; # returns 'foo/bar';
297 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Request> object, giving access to
298 information about the current client request (including parameters,
299 cookies, HTTP headers, etc.). See L<Catalyst::Request>.
301 =head2 REQUEST FLOW HANDLING
303 =head2 $c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )
305 =head2 $c->forward( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
307 Forwards processing to another action, by its private name. If you give a
308 class name but no method, C<process()> is called. You may also optionally
309 pass arguments in an arrayref. The action will receive the arguments in
310 C<@_> and C<< $c->req->args >>. Upon returning from the function,
311 C<< $c->req->args >> will be restored to the previous values.
313 Any data C<return>ed from the action forwarded to, will be returned by the
316 my $foodata = $c->forward('/foo');
317 $c->forward('index');
318 $c->forward(qw/MyApp::Model::DBIC::Foo do_stuff/);
319 $c->forward('MyApp::View::TT');
321 Note that forward implies an C<<eval { }>> around the call (actually
322 C<execute> does), thus de-fatalizing all 'dies' within the called
323 action. If you want C<die> to propagate you need to do something like:
326 die $c->error if $c->error;
328 Or make sure to always return true values from your actions and write
331 $c->forward('foo') || return;
335 sub forward { my $c = shift; no warnings 'recursion'; $c->dispatcher->forward( $c, @_ ) }
337 =head2 $c->detach( $action [, \@arguments ] )
339 =head2 $c->detach( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
343 The same as C<forward>, but doesn't return to the previous action when
344 processing is finished.
346 When called with no arguments it escapes the processing chain entirely.
350 sub detach { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->detach( $c, @_ ) }
352 =head2 $c->visit( $action [, \@arguments ] )
354 =head2 $c->visit( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
356 Almost the same as C<forward>, but does a full dispatch, instead of just
357 calling the new C<$action> / C<$class-E<gt>$method>. This means that C<begin>,
358 C<auto> and the method you go to are called, just like a new request.
360 In addition both C<< $c->action >> and C<< $c->namespace >> are localized.
361 This means, for example, that $c->action methods such as C<name>, C<class> and
362 C<reverse> return information for the visited action when they are invoked
363 within the visited action. This is different from the behavior of C<forward>
364 which continues to use the $c->action object from the caller action even when
365 invoked from the callee.
367 C<$c-E<gt>stash> is kept unchanged.
369 In effect, C<visit> allows you to "wrap" another action, just as it
370 would have been called by dispatching from a URL, while the analogous
371 C<go> allows you to transfer control to another action as if it had
372 been reached directly from a URL.
376 sub visit { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->visit( $c, @_ ) }
378 =head2 $c->go( $action [, \@arguments ] )
380 =head2 $c->go( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
382 Almost the same as C<detach>, but does a full dispatch like C<visit>,
383 instead of just calling the new C<$action> /
384 C<$class-E<gt>$method>. This means that C<begin>, C<auto> and the
385 method you visit are called, just like a new request.
387 C<$c-E<gt>stash> is kept unchanged.
391 sub go { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->go( $c, @_ ) }
397 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Response> object, see there for details.
401 Returns a hashref to the stash, which may be used to store data and pass
402 it between components during a request. You can also set hash keys by
403 passing arguments. The stash is automatically sent to the view. The
404 stash is cleared at the end of a request; it cannot be used for
405 persistent storage (for this you must use a session; see
406 L<Catalyst::Plugin::Session> for a complete system integrated with
409 $c->stash->{foo} = $bar;
410 $c->stash( { moose => 'majestic', qux => 0 } );
411 $c->stash( bar => 1, gorch => 2 ); # equivalent to passing a hashref
413 # stash is automatically passed to the view for use in a template
414 $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' );
418 around stash => sub {
421 my $stash = $orig->($c);
423 my $new_stash = @_ > 1 ? {@_} : $_[0];
424 croak('stash takes a hash or hashref') unless ref $new_stash;
425 foreach my $key ( keys %$new_stash ) {
426 $stash->{$key} = $new_stash->{$key};
436 =head2 $c->error($error, ...)
438 =head2 $c->error($arrayref)
440 Returns an arrayref containing error messages. If Catalyst encounters an
441 error while processing a request, it stores the error in $c->error. This
442 method should only be used to store fatal error messages.
444 my @error = @{ $c->error };
448 $c->error('Something bad happened');
455 my $error = ref $_[0] eq 'ARRAY' ? $_[0] : [@_];
456 croak @$error unless ref $c;
457 push @{ $c->{error} }, @$error;
459 elsif ( defined $_[0] ) { $c->{error} = undef }
460 return $c->{error} || [];
466 Contains the return value of the last executed action.
468 =head2 $c->clear_errors
470 Clear errors. You probably don't want to clear the errors unless you are
471 implementing a custom error screen.
473 This is equivalent to running
484 # search components given a name and some prefixes
485 sub _comp_search_prefixes {
486 my ( $c, $name, @prefixes ) = @_;
487 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
488 my $filter = "^${appclass}::(" . join( '|', @prefixes ) . ')::';
490 # map the original component name to the sub part that we will search against
491 my %eligible = map { my $n = $_; $n =~ s{^$appclass\::[^:]+::}{}; $_ => $n; }
492 grep { /$filter/ } keys %{ $c->components };
494 # undef for a name will return all
495 return keys %eligible if !defined $name;
497 my $query = ref $name ? $name : qr/^$name$/i;
498 my @result = grep { $eligible{$_} =~ m{$query} } keys %eligible;
500 return map { $c->components->{ $_ } } @result if @result;
502 # if we were given a regexp to search against, we're done.
507 @result = map { $c->components->{ $_ } } grep { $eligible{ $_ } =~ m{$query} } keys %eligible;
509 # no results? try against full names
511 @result = map { $c->components->{ $_ } } grep { m{$query} } keys %eligible;
514 # don't warn if we didn't find any results, it just might not exist
516 my $msg = "Used regexp fallback for \$c->model('${name}'), which found '" .
517 (join '", "', @result) . "'. Relying on regexp fallback behavior for " .
518 "component resolution is unreliable and unsafe.";
519 my $short = $result[0];
520 $short =~ s/.*?Model:://;
521 my $shortmess = Carp::shortmess('');
522 if ($shortmess =~ m#Catalyst/Plugin#) {
523 $msg .= " You probably need to set '$short' instead of '${name}' in this " .
525 } elsif ($shortmess =~ m#Catalyst/lib/(View|Controller)#) {
526 $msg .= " You probably need to set '$short' instead of '${name}' in this " .
527 "component's config";
529 $msg .= " You probably meant \$c->model('$short') instead of \$c->model{'${name}'}, " .
530 "but if you really wanted to search, pass in a regexp as the argument " .
531 "like so: \$c->model(qr/${name}/)";
533 $c->log->warn( "${msg}$shortmess" );
539 # Find possible names for a prefix
541 my ( $c, @prefixes ) = @_;
542 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
544 my $filter = "^${appclass}::(" . join( '|', @prefixes ) . ')::';
546 my @names = map { s{$filter}{}; $_; } $c->_comp_search_prefixes( undef, @prefixes );
550 # Filter a component before returning by calling ACCEPT_CONTEXT if available
551 sub _filter_component {
552 my ( $c, $comp, @args ) = @_;
554 if ( eval { $comp->can('ACCEPT_CONTEXT'); } ) {
555 return $comp->ACCEPT_CONTEXT( $c, @args );
561 =head2 COMPONENT ACCESSORS
563 =head2 $c->controller($name)
565 Gets a L<Catalyst::Controller> instance by name.
567 $c->controller('Foo')->do_stuff;
569 If the name is omitted, will return the controller for the dispatched
572 If you want to search for controllers, pass in a regexp as the argument.
574 # find all controllers that start with Foo
575 my @foo_controllers = $c->controller(qr{^Foo});
581 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
584 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Controller C/ );
585 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
586 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
589 return $c->component( $c->action->class );
592 =head2 $c->model($name)
594 Gets a L<Catalyst::Model> instance by name.
596 $c->model('Foo')->do_stuff;
598 Any extra arguments are directly passed to ACCEPT_CONTEXT.
600 If the name is omitted, it will look for
601 - a model object in $c->stash->{current_model_instance}, then
602 - a model name in $c->stash->{current_model}, then
603 - a config setting 'default_model', or
604 - check if there is only one model, and return it if that's the case.
606 If you want to search for models, pass in a regexp as the argument.
608 # find all models that start with Foo
609 my @foo_models = $c->model(qr{^Foo});
614 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
617 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Model M/ );
618 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
619 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
623 return $c->stash->{current_model_instance}
624 if $c->stash->{current_model_instance};
625 return $c->model( $c->stash->{current_model} )
626 if $c->stash->{current_model};
628 return $c->model( $c->config->{default_model} )
629 if $c->config->{default_model};
631 my( $comp, $rest ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( undef, qw/Model M/);
634 $c->log->warn( Carp::shortmess('Calling $c->model() will return a random model unless you specify one of:') );
635 $c->log->warn( '* $c->config->{default_model} # the name of the default model to use' );
636 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_model} # the name of the model to use for this request' );
637 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_model_instance} # the instance of the model to use for this request' );
638 $c->log->warn( 'NB: in version 5.81, the "random" behavior will not work at all.' );
641 return $c->_filter_component( $comp );
645 =head2 $c->view($name)
647 Gets a L<Catalyst::View> instance by name.
649 $c->view('Foo')->do_stuff;
651 Any extra arguments are directly passed to ACCEPT_CONTEXT.
653 If the name is omitted, it will look for
654 - a view object in $c->stash->{current_view_instance}, then
655 - a view name in $c->stash->{current_view}, then
656 - a config setting 'default_view', or
657 - check if there is only one view, and return it if that's the case.
659 If you want to search for views, pass in a regexp as the argument.
661 # find all views that start with Foo
662 my @foo_views = $c->view(qr{^Foo});
667 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
670 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/View V/ );
671 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
672 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
676 return $c->stash->{current_view_instance}
677 if $c->stash->{current_view_instance};
678 return $c->view( $c->stash->{current_view} )
679 if $c->stash->{current_view};
681 return $c->view( $c->config->{default_view} )
682 if $c->config->{default_view};
684 my( $comp, $rest ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( undef, qw/View V/);
687 $c->log->warn( 'Calling $c->view() will return a random view unless you specify one of:' );
688 $c->log->warn( '* $c->config->{default_view} # the name of the default view to use' );
689 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_view} # the name of the view to use for this request' );
690 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_view_instance} # the instance of the view to use for this request' );
691 $c->log->warn( 'NB: in version 5.81, the "random" behavior will not work at all.' );
694 return $c->_filter_component( $comp );
697 =head2 $c->controllers
699 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->controller
705 return $c->_comp_names(qw/Controller C/);
710 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->model
716 return $c->_comp_names(qw/Model M/);
722 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->view
728 return $c->_comp_names(qw/View V/);
731 =head2 $c->comp($name)
733 =head2 $c->component($name)
735 Gets a component object by name. This method is not recommended,
736 unless you want to get a specific component by full
737 class. C<< $c->controller >>, C<< $c->model >>, and C<< $c->view >>
738 should be used instead.
740 If C<$name> is a regexp, a list of components matched against the full
741 component name will be returned.
746 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
749 my $comps = $c->components;
752 # is it the exact name?
753 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{ $name }, @args )
754 if exists $comps->{ $name };
756 # perhaps we just omitted "MyApp"?
757 my $composed = ( ref $c || $c ) . "::${name}";
758 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{ $composed }, @args )
759 if exists $comps->{ $composed };
761 # search all of the models, views and controllers
762 my( $comp ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Model M Controller C View V/ );
763 return $c->_filter_component( $comp, @args ) if $comp;
766 # This is here so $c->comp( '::M::' ) works
767 my $query = ref $name ? $name : qr{$name}i;
769 my @result = grep { m{$query} } keys %{ $c->components };
770 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
773 $c->log->warn( Carp::shortmess(qq(Found results for "${name}" using regexp fallback)) );
774 $c->log->warn( 'Relying on the regexp fallback behavior for component resolution' );
775 $c->log->warn( 'is unreliable and unsafe. You have been warned' );
776 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
779 # I would expect to return an empty list here, but that breaks back-compat
783 return sort keys %{ $c->components };
786 =head2 CLASS DATA AND HELPER CLASSES
790 Returns or takes a hashref containing the application's configuration.
792 __PACKAGE__->config( { db => 'dsn:SQLite:foo.db' } );
794 You can also use a C<YAML>, C<XML> or C<Config::General> config file
795 like myapp.yml in your applications home directory. See
796 L<Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader>.
799 db: dsn:SQLite:foo.db
804 around config => sub {
808 $c->log->warn("Setting config after setup has been run is not a good idea.")
809 if ( @_ and $c->setup_finished );
816 Returns the logging object instance. Unless it is already set, Catalyst
817 sets this up with a L<Catalyst::Log> object. To use your own log class,
818 set the logger with the C<< __PACKAGE__->log >> method prior to calling
819 C<< __PACKAGE__->setup >>.
821 __PACKAGE__->log( MyLogger->new );
826 $c->log->info( 'Now logging with my own logger!' );
828 Your log class should implement the methods described in
834 Overload to enable debug messages (same as -Debug option).
836 Note that this is a static method, not an accessor and should be overloaded
837 by declaring "sub debug { 1 }" in your MyApp.pm, not by calling $c->debug(1).
843 =head2 $c->dispatcher
845 Returns the dispatcher instance. Stringifies to class name. See
846 L<Catalyst::Dispatcher>.
850 Returns the engine instance. Stringifies to the class name. See
854 =head2 UTILITY METHODS
856 =head2 $c->path_to(@path)
858 Merges C<@path> with C<< $c->config->{home} >> and returns a
859 L<Path::Class::Dir> object.
863 $c->path_to( 'db', 'sqlite.db' );
868 my ( $c, @path ) = @_;
869 my $path = Path::Class::Dir->new( $c->config->{home}, @path );
870 if ( -d $path ) { return $path }
871 else { return Path::Class::File->new( $c->config->{home}, @path ) }
874 =head2 $c->plugin( $name, $class, @args )
876 Helper method for plugins. It creates a classdata accessor/mutator and
877 loads and instantiates the given class.
879 MyApp->plugin( 'prototype', 'HTML::Prototype' );
881 $c->prototype->define_javascript_functions;
883 B<Note:> This method of adding plugins is deprecated. The ability
884 to add plugins like this B<will be removed> in a Catalyst 5.9.
885 Please do not use this functionality in new code.
890 my ( $class, $name, $plugin, @args ) = @_;
892 # See block comment in t/unit_core_plugin.t
893 $class->log->debug(qq/Adding plugin using the ->plugin method is deprecated, and will be removed in Catalyst 5.9/);
895 $class->_register_plugin( $plugin, 1 );
897 eval { $plugin->import };
898 $class->mk_classdata($name);
900 eval { $obj = $plugin->new(@args) };
903 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
904 qq/Couldn't instantiate instant plugin "$plugin", "$@"/ );
908 $class->log->debug(qq/Initialized instant plugin "$plugin" as "$name"/)
914 Initializes the dispatcher and engine, loads any plugins, and loads the
915 model, view, and controller components. You may also specify an array
916 of plugins to load here, if you choose to not load them in the C<use
920 MyApp->setup( qw/-Debug/ );
925 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
926 $class->log->warn("Running setup twice is not a good idea.")
927 if ( $class->setup_finished );
929 unless ( $class->isa('Catalyst') ) {
931 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
932 message => qq/'$class' does not inherit from Catalyst/ );
935 if ( $class->arguments ) {
936 @arguments = ( @arguments, @{ $class->arguments } );
942 foreach (@arguments) {
946 ( $flags->{log} ) ? 'debug,' . $flags->{log} : 'debug';
948 elsif (/^-(\w+)=?(.*)$/) {
949 $flags->{ lc $1 } = $2;
952 push @{ $flags->{plugins} }, $_;
956 $class->setup_home( delete $flags->{home} );
958 $class->setup_log( delete $flags->{log} );
959 $class->setup_plugins( delete $flags->{plugins} );
960 $class->setup_dispatcher( delete $flags->{dispatcher} );
961 $class->setup_engine( delete $flags->{engine} );
962 $class->setup_stats( delete $flags->{stats} );
964 for my $flag ( sort keys %{$flags} ) {
966 if ( my $code = $class->can( 'setup_' . $flag ) ) {
967 &$code( $class, delete $flags->{$flag} );
970 $class->log->warn(qq/Unknown flag "$flag"/);
974 eval { require Catalyst::Devel; };
975 if( !$@ && $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} && ( $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} < $Catalyst::Devel::CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN ) ) {
976 $class->log->warn(<<"EOF");
977 You are running an old script!
979 Please update by running (this will overwrite existing files):
980 catalyst.pl -force -scripts $class
982 or (this will not overwrite existing files):
983 catalyst.pl -scripts $class
988 if ( $class->debug ) {
989 my @plugins = map { "$_ " . ( $_->VERSION || '' ) } $class->registered_plugins;
992 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new(74);
993 $t->row($_) for @plugins;
994 $class->log->debug( "Loaded plugins:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" );
997 my $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher;
998 my $engine = $class->engine;
999 my $home = $class->config->{home};
1001 $class->log->debug(sprintf(q/Loaded dispatcher "%s"/, blessed($dispatcher)));
1002 $class->log->debug(sprintf(q/Loaded engine "%s"/, blessed($engine)));
1006 ? $class->log->debug(qq/Found home "$home"/)
1007 : $class->log->debug(qq/Home "$home" doesn't exist/)
1008 : $class->log->debug(q/Couldn't find home/);
1011 # Call plugins setup, this is stupid and evil.
1013 no warnings qw/redefine/;
1014 local *setup = sub { };
1018 # Initialize our data structure
1019 $class->components( {} );
1021 $class->setup_components;
1023 if ( $class->debug ) {
1024 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 63, 'Class' ], [ 8, 'Type' ] );
1025 for my $comp ( sort keys %{ $class->components } ) {
1026 my $type = ref $class->components->{$comp} ? 'instance' : 'class';
1027 $t->row( $comp, $type );
1029 $class->log->debug( "Loaded components:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" )
1030 if ( keys %{ $class->components } );
1033 # Add our self to components, since we are also a component
1034 if( $class->isa('Catalyst::Controller') ){
1035 $class->components->{$class} = $class;
1038 $class->setup_actions;
1040 if ( $class->debug ) {
1041 my $name = $class->config->{name} || 'Application';
1042 $class->log->info("$name powered by Catalyst $Catalyst::VERSION");
1044 $class->log->_flush() if $class->log->can('_flush');
1046 # Make sure that the application class becomes immutable at this point,
1047 # which ensures that it gets an inlined constructor. This means that it
1048 # works even if the user has added a plugin which contains a new method.
1049 # Note however that we have to do the work on scope end, so that method
1050 # modifiers work correctly in MyApp (as you have to call setup _before_
1051 # applying modifiers).
1052 Scope::Upper::reap(sub {
1053 my $meta = Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class);
1054 $meta->make_immutable unless $meta->is_immutable;
1055 }, Scope::Upper::SCOPE(1));
1057 $class->setup_finalize;
1060 sub setup_finalize {
1062 $class->setup_finished(1);
1065 =head2 $c->uri_for( $action, \@captures?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1067 =head2 $c->uri_for( $path, @args?, \%query_values? )
1073 A Catalyst::Action object representing the Catalyst action you want to
1074 create a URI for. To get one for an action in the current controller,
1075 use C<< $c->action('someactionname') >>. To get one from different
1076 controller, fetch the controller using C<< $c->controller() >>, then
1077 call C<action_for> on it.
1079 You can maintain the arguments captured by an action (e.g.: Regex, Chained)
1080 using C<< $c->req->captures >>.
1082 # For the current action
1083 $c->uri_for($c->action, $c->req->captures);
1085 # For the Foo action in the Bar controller
1086 $c->uri_for($c->controller->('Bar')->action_for('Foo'), $c->req->captures);
1093 my ( $c, $path, @args ) = @_;
1095 if ( Scalar::Util::blessed($path) ) { # action object
1096 my $captures = ( scalar @args && ref $args[0] eq 'ARRAY'
1099 $path = $c->dispatcher->uri_for_action($path, $captures);
1100 return undef unless defined($path);
1101 $path = '/' if $path eq '';
1104 undef($path) if (defined $path && $path eq '');
1107 ( scalar @args && ref $args[$#args] eq 'HASH' ? pop @args : {} );
1109 carp "uri_for called with undef argument" if grep { ! defined $_ } @args;
1110 s/([^$URI::uric])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go for @args;
1112 unshift(@args, $path);
1114 unless (defined $path && $path =~ s!^/!!) { # in-place strip
1115 my $namespace = $c->namespace;
1116 if (defined $path) { # cheesy hack to handle path '../foo'
1117 $namespace =~ s{(?:^|/)[^/]+$}{} while $args[0] =~ s{^\.\./}{};
1119 unshift(@args, $namespace || '');
1122 # join args with '/', or a blank string
1123 my $args = join('/', grep { defined($_) } @args);
1124 $args =~ s/\?/%3F/g; # STUPID STUPID SPECIAL CASE
1126 my $base = $c->req->base;
1127 my $class = ref($base);
1128 $base =~ s{(?<!/)$}{/};
1132 if (my @keys = keys %$params) {
1133 # somewhat lifted from URI::_query's query_form
1134 $query = '?'.join('&', map {
1135 my $val = $params->{$_};
1136 s/([;\/?:@&=+,\$\[\]%])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1139 $val = '' unless defined $val;
1142 utf8::encode( $_ ) if utf8::is_utf8($_);
1143 # using the URI::Escape pattern here so utf8 chars survive
1144 s/([^A-Za-z0-9\-_.!~*'() ])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1146 "${key}=$_"; } ( ref $val eq 'ARRAY' ? @$val : $val ));
1150 my $res = bless(\"${base}${args}${query}", $class);
1154 =head2 $c->welcome_message
1156 Returns the Catalyst welcome HTML page.
1160 sub welcome_message {
1162 my $name = $c->config->{name};
1163 my $logo = $c->uri_for('/static/images/catalyst_logo.png');
1164 my $prefix = Catalyst::Utils::appprefix( ref $c );
1165 $c->response->content_type('text/html; charset=utf-8');
1167 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
1168 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
1169 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
1171 <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en" />
1172 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
1173 <title>$name on Catalyst $VERSION</title>
1174 <style type="text/css">
1177 background-color: #eee;
1184 margin-bottom: 10px;
1186 background-color: #ccc;
1187 border: 1px solid #aaa;
1192 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
1195 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
1198 text-decoration: none;
1200 border-bottom: 1px dotted #bbb;
1202 :link:hover, :visited:hover {
1215 background-color: #fff;
1216 border: 1px solid #aaa;
1220 font-weight: normal;
1242 <h1><span id="appname">$name</span> on <a href="http://catalyst.perl.org">Catalyst</a>
1247 <img src="$logo" alt="Catalyst Logo" />
1249 <p>Welcome to the world of Catalyst.
1250 This <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MVC">MVC</a>
1251 framework will make web development something you had
1252 never expected it to be: Fun, rewarding, and quick.</p>
1253 <h2>What to do now?</h2>
1254 <p>That really depends on what <b>you</b> want to do.
1255 We do, however, provide you with a few starting points.</p>
1256 <p>If you want to jump right into web development with Catalyst
1257 you might want to start with a tutorial.</p>
1258 <pre>perldoc <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/dist/Catalyst-Manual/lib/Catalyst/Manual/Tutorial.pod">Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial</a></code>
1260 <p>Afterwards you can go on to check out a more complete look at our features.</p>
1262 <code>perldoc <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/dist/Catalyst-Manual/lib/Catalyst/Manual/Intro.pod">Catalyst::Manual::Intro</a>
1263 <!-- Something else should go here, but the Catalyst::Manual link seems unhelpful -->
1265 <h2>What to do next?</h2>
1266 <p>Next it's time to write an actual application. Use the
1267 helper scripts to generate <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AController%3A%3A&mode=all">controllers</a>,
1268 <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AModel%3A%3A&mode=all">models</a>, and
1269 <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AView%3A%3A&mode=all">views</a>;
1270 they can save you a lot of work.</p>
1271 <pre><code>script/${prefix}_create.pl -help</code></pre>
1272 <p>Also, be sure to check out the vast and growing
1273 collection of <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3APlugin%3A%3A&mode=all">plugins for Catalyst on CPAN</a>;
1274 you are likely to find what you need there.
1278 <p>Catalyst has a very active community. Here are the main places to
1279 get in touch with us.</p>
1282 <a href="http://dev.catalyst.perl.org">Wiki</a>
1285 <a href="http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst">Mailing-List</a>
1288 <a href="irc://irc.perl.org/catalyst">IRC channel #catalyst on irc.perl.org</a>
1291 <h2>In conclusion</h2>
1292 <p>The Catalyst team hopes you will enjoy using Catalyst as much
1293 as we enjoyed making it. Please contact us if you have ideas
1294 for improvement or other feedback.</p>
1302 =head1 INTERNAL METHODS
1304 These methods are not meant to be used by end users.
1306 =head2 $c->components
1308 Returns a hash of components.
1310 =head2 $c->context_class
1312 Returns or sets the context class.
1316 Returns a hashref containing coderefs and execution counts (needed for
1317 deep recursion detection).
1321 Returns the number of actions on the current internal execution stack.
1325 Dispatches a request to actions.
1329 sub dispatch { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->dispatch( $c, @_ ) }
1331 =head2 $c->dispatcher_class
1333 Returns or sets the dispatcher class.
1335 =head2 $c->dump_these
1337 Returns a list of 2-element array references (name, structure) pairs
1338 that will be dumped on the error page in debug mode.
1344 [ Request => $c->req ],
1345 [ Response => $c->res ],
1346 [ Stash => $c->stash ],
1347 [ Config => $c->config ];
1350 =head2 $c->engine_class
1352 Returns or sets the engine class.
1354 =head2 $c->execute( $class, $coderef )
1356 Execute a coderef in given class and catch exceptions. Errors are available
1362 my ( $c, $class, $code ) = @_;
1363 $class = $c->component($class) || $class;
1366 if ( $c->depth >= $RECURSION ) {
1367 my $action = $code->reverse();
1368 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /->/;
1369 my $error = qq/Deep recursion detected calling "${action}"/;
1370 $c->log->error($error);
1376 my $stats_info = $c->_stats_start_execute( $code ) if $c->use_stats;
1378 push( @{ $c->stack }, $code );
1380 eval { $c->state( $code->execute( $class, $c, @{ $c->req->args } ) || 0 ) };
1382 $c->_stats_finish_execute( $stats_info ) if $c->use_stats and $stats_info;
1384 my $last = pop( @{ $c->stack } );
1386 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1387 if ( !ref($error) and $error eq $DETACH ) {
1388 die $DETACH if($c->depth > 1);
1390 elsif ( !ref($error) and $error eq $GO ) {
1391 die $GO if($c->depth > 0);
1394 unless ( ref $error ) {
1395 no warnings 'uninitialized';
1397 my $class = $last->class;
1398 my $name = $last->name;
1399 $error = qq/Caught exception in $class->$name "$error"/;
1408 sub _stats_start_execute {
1409 my ( $c, $code ) = @_;
1411 return if ( ( $code->name =~ /^_.*/ )
1412 && ( !$c->config->{show_internal_actions} ) );
1414 my $action_name = $code->reverse();
1415 $c->counter->{$action_name}++;
1417 my $action = $action_name;
1418 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /->/;
1420 # determine if the call was the result of a forward
1421 # this is done by walking up the call stack and looking for a calling
1422 # sub of Catalyst::forward before the eval
1424 for my $index ( 2 .. 11 ) {
1426 if ( ( caller($index) )[0] eq 'Catalyst'
1427 && ( caller($index) )[3] eq '(eval)' );
1429 if ( ( caller($index) )[3] =~ /forward$/ ) {
1430 $callsub = ( caller($index) )[3];
1431 $action = "-> $action";
1436 my $uid = $action_name . $c->counter->{$action_name};
1438 # is this a root-level call or a forwarded call?
1439 if ( $callsub =~ /forward$/ ) {
1441 # forward, locate the caller
1442 if ( my $parent = $c->stack->[-1] ) {
1445 parent => "$parent" . $c->counter->{"$parent"},
1451 # forward with no caller may come from a plugin
1470 sub _stats_finish_execute {
1471 my ( $c, $info ) = @_;
1472 $c->stats->profile( end => $info );
1475 =head2 $c->_localize_fields( sub { }, \%keys );
1479 #Why does this exist? This is no longer safe and WILL NOT WORK.
1480 # it doesnt seem to be used anywhere. can we remove it?
1481 sub _localize_fields {
1482 my ( $c, $localized, $code ) = ( @_ );
1484 my $request = delete $localized->{request} || {};
1485 my $response = delete $localized->{response} || {};
1487 local @{ $c }{ keys %$localized } = values %$localized;
1488 local @{ $c->request }{ keys %$request } = values %$request;
1489 local @{ $c->response }{ keys %$response } = values %$response;
1496 Finalizes the request.
1503 for my $error ( @{ $c->error } ) {
1504 $c->log->error($error);
1507 # Allow engine to handle finalize flow (for POE)
1508 my $engine = $c->engine;
1509 if ( my $code = $engine->can('finalize') ) {
1514 $c->finalize_uploads;
1517 if ( $#{ $c->error } >= 0 ) {
1521 $c->finalize_headers;
1524 if ( $c->request->method eq 'HEAD' ) {
1525 $c->response->body('');
1531 if ($c->use_stats) {
1532 my $elapsed = sprintf '%f', $c->stats->elapsed;
1533 my $av = $elapsed == 0 ? '??' : sprintf '%.3f', 1 / $elapsed;
1535 "Request took ${elapsed}s ($av/s)\n" . $c->stats->report . "\n" );
1538 return $c->response->status;
1541 =head2 $c->finalize_body
1547 sub finalize_body { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_body( $c, @_ ) }
1549 =head2 $c->finalize_cookies
1555 sub finalize_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_cookies( $c, @_ ) }
1557 =head2 $c->finalize_error
1563 sub finalize_error { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_error( $c, @_ ) }
1565 =head2 $c->finalize_headers
1571 sub finalize_headers {
1574 my $response = $c->response; #accessor calls can add up?
1576 # Check if we already finalized headers
1577 return if $response->finalized_headers;
1580 if ( my $location = $response->redirect ) {
1581 $c->log->debug(qq/Redirecting to "$location"/) if $c->debug;
1582 $response->header( Location => $location );
1584 if ( !$response->has_body ) {
1585 # Add a default body if none is already present
1587 qq{<html><body><p>This item has moved <a href="$location">here</a>.</p></body></html>}
1593 if ( $response->body && !$response->content_length ) {
1595 # get the length from a filehandle
1596 if ( blessed( $response->body ) && $response->body->can('read') )
1598 my $stat = stat $response->body;
1599 if ( $stat && $stat->size > 0 ) {
1600 $response->content_length( $stat->size );
1603 $c->log->warn('Serving filehandle without a content-length');
1607 # everything should be bytes at this point, but just in case
1608 $response->content_length( bytes::length( $response->body ) );
1613 if ( $response->status =~ /^(1\d\d|[23]04)$/ ) {
1614 $response->headers->remove_header("Content-Length");
1615 $response->body('');
1618 $c->finalize_cookies;
1620 $c->engine->finalize_headers( $c, @_ );
1623 $response->finalized_headers(1);
1626 =head2 $c->finalize_output
1628 An alias for finalize_body.
1630 =head2 $c->finalize_read
1632 Finalizes the input after reading is complete.
1636 sub finalize_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_read( $c, @_ ) }
1638 =head2 $c->finalize_uploads
1640 Finalizes uploads. Cleans up any temporary files.
1644 sub finalize_uploads { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_uploads( $c, @_ ) }
1646 =head2 $c->get_action( $action, $namespace )
1648 Gets an action in a given namespace.
1652 sub get_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_action(@_) }
1654 =head2 $c->get_actions( $action, $namespace )
1656 Gets all actions of a given name in a namespace and all parent
1661 sub get_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_actions( $c, @_ ) }
1663 =head2 $c->handle_request( $class, @arguments )
1665 Called to handle each HTTP request.
1669 sub handle_request {
1670 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
1672 # Always expect worst case!
1675 if ($class->debug) {
1676 my $secs = time - $START || 1;
1677 my $av = sprintf '%.3f', $COUNT / $secs;
1678 my $time = localtime time;
1679 $class->log->info("*** Request $COUNT ($av/s) [$$] [$time] ***");
1682 my $c = $class->prepare(@arguments);
1684 $status = $c->finalize;
1687 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1689 $class->log->error(qq/Caught exception in engine "$error"/);
1694 if(my $coderef = $class->log->can('_flush')){
1695 $class->log->$coderef();
1700 =head2 $c->prepare( @arguments )
1702 Creates a Catalyst context from an engine-specific request (Apache, CGI,
1708 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
1711 # After the app/ctxt split, this should become an attribute based on something passed
1712 # into the application.
1713 $class->context_class( ref $class || $class ) unless $class->context_class;
1715 my $c = $class->context_class->new({});
1717 # For on-demand data
1718 $c->request->_context($c);
1719 $c->response->_context($c);
1721 #surely this is not the most efficient way to do things...
1722 $c->stats($class->stats_class->new)->enable($c->use_stats);
1724 $c->res->headers->header( 'X-Catalyst' => $Catalyst::VERSION );
1727 #XXX reuse coderef from can
1728 # Allow engine to direct the prepare flow (for POE)
1729 if ( $c->engine->can('prepare') ) {
1730 $c->engine->prepare( $c, @arguments );
1733 $c->prepare_request(@arguments);
1734 $c->prepare_connection;
1735 $c->prepare_query_parameters;
1736 $c->prepare_headers;
1737 $c->prepare_cookies;
1740 # Prepare the body for reading, either by prepare_body
1741 # or the user, if they are using $c->read
1744 # Parse the body unless the user wants it on-demand
1745 unless ( $c->config->{parse_on_demand} ) {
1750 my $method = $c->req->method || '';
1751 my $path = $c->req->path;
1752 $path = '/' unless length $path;
1753 my $address = $c->req->address || '';
1755 $c->log->debug(qq/"$method" request for "$path" from "$address"/)
1763 =head2 $c->prepare_action
1765 Prepares action. See L<Catalyst::Dispatcher>.
1769 sub prepare_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->prepare_action( $c, @_ ) }
1771 =head2 $c->prepare_body
1773 Prepares message body.
1780 return if $c->request->_has_body;
1782 # Initialize on-demand data
1783 $c->engine->prepare_body( $c, @_ );
1784 $c->prepare_parameters;
1785 $c->prepare_uploads;
1787 if ( $c->debug && keys %{ $c->req->body_parameters } ) {
1788 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 35, 'Parameter' ], [ 36, 'Value' ] );
1789 for my $key ( sort keys %{ $c->req->body_parameters } ) {
1790 my $param = $c->req->body_parameters->{$key};
1791 my $value = defined($param) ? $param : '';
1793 ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ? ( join ', ', @$value ) : $value );
1795 $c->log->debug( "Body Parameters are:\n" . $t->draw );
1799 =head2 $c->prepare_body_chunk( $chunk )
1801 Prepares a chunk of data before sending it to L<HTTP::Body>.
1803 See L<Catalyst::Engine>.
1807 sub prepare_body_chunk {
1809 $c->engine->prepare_body_chunk( $c, @_ );
1812 =head2 $c->prepare_body_parameters
1814 Prepares body parameters.
1818 sub prepare_body_parameters {
1820 $c->engine->prepare_body_parameters( $c, @_ );
1823 =head2 $c->prepare_connection
1825 Prepares connection.
1829 sub prepare_connection {
1831 $c->engine->prepare_connection( $c, @_ );
1834 =head2 $c->prepare_cookies
1840 sub prepare_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_cookies( $c, @_ ) }
1842 =head2 $c->prepare_headers
1848 sub prepare_headers { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_headers( $c, @_ ) }
1850 =head2 $c->prepare_parameters
1852 Prepares parameters.
1856 sub prepare_parameters {
1858 $c->prepare_body_parameters;
1859 $c->engine->prepare_parameters( $c, @_ );
1862 =head2 $c->prepare_path
1864 Prepares path and base.
1868 sub prepare_path { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_path( $c, @_ ) }
1870 =head2 $c->prepare_query_parameters
1872 Prepares query parameters.
1876 sub prepare_query_parameters {
1879 $c->engine->prepare_query_parameters( $c, @_ );
1881 if ( $c->debug && keys %{ $c->request->query_parameters } ) {
1882 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 35, 'Parameter' ], [ 36, 'Value' ] );
1883 for my $key ( sort keys %{ $c->req->query_parameters } ) {
1884 my $param = $c->req->query_parameters->{$key};
1885 my $value = defined($param) ? $param : '';
1887 ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ? ( join ', ', @$value ) : $value );
1889 $c->log->debug( "Query Parameters are:\n" . $t->draw );
1893 =head2 $c->prepare_read
1895 Prepares the input for reading.
1899 sub prepare_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_read( $c, @_ ) }
1901 =head2 $c->prepare_request
1903 Prepares the engine request.
1907 sub prepare_request { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_request( $c, @_ ) }
1909 =head2 $c->prepare_uploads
1915 sub prepare_uploads {
1918 $c->engine->prepare_uploads( $c, @_ );
1920 if ( $c->debug && keys %{ $c->request->uploads } ) {
1921 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new(
1922 [ 12, 'Parameter' ],
1927 for my $key ( sort keys %{ $c->request->uploads } ) {
1928 my $upload = $c->request->uploads->{$key};
1929 for my $u ( ref $upload eq 'ARRAY' ? @{$upload} : ($upload) ) {
1930 $t->row( $key, $u->filename, $u->type, $u->size );
1933 $c->log->debug( "File Uploads are:\n" . $t->draw );
1937 =head2 $c->prepare_write
1939 Prepares the output for writing.
1943 sub prepare_write { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_write( $c, @_ ) }
1945 =head2 $c->request_class
1947 Returns or sets the request class.
1949 =head2 $c->response_class
1951 Returns or sets the response class.
1953 =head2 $c->read( [$maxlength] )
1955 Reads a chunk of data from the request body. This method is designed to
1956 be used in a while loop, reading C<$maxlength> bytes on every call.
1957 C<$maxlength> defaults to the size of the request if not specified.
1959 You have to set C<< MyApp->config->{parse_on_demand} >> to use this
1962 Warning: If you use read(), Catalyst will not process the body,
1963 so you will not be able to access POST parameters or file uploads via
1964 $c->request. You must handle all body parsing yourself.
1968 sub read { my $c = shift; return $c->engine->read( $c, @_ ) }
1976 sub run { my $c = shift; return $c->engine->run( $c, @_ ) }
1978 =head2 $c->set_action( $action, $code, $namespace, $attrs )
1980 Sets an action in a given namespace.
1984 sub set_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->set_action( $c, @_ ) }
1986 =head2 $c->setup_actions($component)
1988 Sets up actions for a component.
1992 sub setup_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->setup_actions( $c, @_ ) }
1994 =head2 $c->setup_components
1996 Sets up components. Specify a C<setup_components> config option to pass
1997 additional options directly to L<Module::Pluggable>. To add additional
1998 search paths, specify a key named C<search_extra> as an array
1999 reference. Items in the array beginning with C<::> will have the
2000 application class name prepended to them.
2002 All components found will also have any
2003 L<Devel::InnerPackage|inner packages> loaded and set up as components.
2004 Note, that modules which are B<not> an I<inner package> of the main
2005 file namespace loaded will not be instantiated as components.
2009 sub setup_components {
2012 my @paths = qw( ::Controller ::C ::Model ::M ::View ::V );
2013 my $config = $class->config->{ setup_components };
2014 my $extra = delete $config->{ search_extra } || [];
2016 push @paths, @$extra;
2018 my $locator = Module::Pluggable::Object->new(
2019 search_path => [ map { s/^(?=::)/$class/; $_; } @paths ],
2023 my @comps = sort { length $a <=> length $b } $locator->plugins;
2024 my %comps = map { $_ => 1 } @comps;
2026 for my $component ( @comps ) {
2028 # We pass ignore_loaded here so that overlay files for (e.g.)
2029 # Model::DBI::Schema sub-classes are loaded - if it's in @comps
2030 # we know M::P::O found a file on disk so this is safe
2032 Catalyst::Utils::ensure_class_loaded( $component, { ignore_loaded => 1 } );
2033 #Class::MOP::load_class($component);
2035 my $module = $class->setup_component( $component );
2037 $component => $module,
2039 $_ => $class->setup_component( $_ )
2041 not exists $comps{$_}
2042 } Devel::InnerPackage::list_packages( $component )
2045 for my $key ( keys %modules ) {
2046 $class->components->{ $key } = $modules{ $key };
2051 =head2 $c->setup_component
2055 sub setup_component {
2056 my( $class, $component ) = @_;
2058 unless ( $component->can( 'COMPONENT' ) ) {
2062 my $suffix = Catalyst::Utils::class2classsuffix( $component );
2063 my $config = $class->config->{ $suffix } || {};
2065 my $instance = eval { $component->COMPONENT( $class, $config ); };
2067 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
2069 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
2070 message => qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", "$error"/
2074 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
2076 qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", "COMPONENT() didn't return an object-like value"/
2077 ) unless blessed($instance);
2082 =head2 $c->setup_dispatcher
2088 sub setup_dispatcher {
2089 my ( $class, $dispatcher ) = @_;
2092 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $dispatcher;
2095 if ( my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'DISPATCHER' ) ) {
2096 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $env;
2099 unless ($dispatcher) {
2100 $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher_class;
2103 Class::MOP::load_class($dispatcher);
2105 # dispatcher instance
2106 $class->dispatcher( $dispatcher->new );
2109 =head2 $c->setup_engine
2116 my ( $class, $engine ) = @_;
2119 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::' . $engine;
2122 if ( my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'ENGINE' ) ) {
2123 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::' . $env;
2126 if ( $ENV{MOD_PERL} ) {
2127 my $meta = Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class);
2129 # create the apache method
2130 $meta->add_method('apache' => sub { shift->engine->apache });
2132 my ( $software, $version ) =
2133 $ENV{MOD_PERL} =~ /^(\S+)\/(\d+(?:[\.\_]\d+)+)/;
2136 $version =~ s/(\.[^.]+)\./$1/g;
2138 if ( $software eq 'mod_perl' ) {
2142 if ( $version >= 1.99922 ) {
2143 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Apache2::MP20';
2146 elsif ( $version >= 1.9901 ) {
2147 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Apache2::MP19';
2150 elsif ( $version >= 1.24 ) {
2151 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Apache::MP13';
2155 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
2156 qq/Unsupported mod_perl version: $ENV{MOD_PERL}/ );
2161 # install the correct mod_perl handler
2162 if ( $version >= 1.9901 ) {
2163 *handler = sub : method {
2164 shift->handle_request(@_);
2168 *handler = sub ($$) { shift->handle_request(@_) };
2173 elsif ( $software eq 'Zeus-Perl' ) {
2174 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Zeus';
2178 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
2179 message => qq/Unsupported mod_perl: $ENV{MOD_PERL}/ );
2184 $engine = $class->engine_class;
2187 Class::MOP::load_class($engine);
2189 # check for old engines that are no longer compatible
2191 if ( $engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Apache')
2192 && !Catalyst::Engine::Apache->VERSION )
2197 elsif ( $engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Server::Base')
2198 && Catalyst::Engine::Server->VERSION le '0.02' )
2203 elsif ($engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::HTTP::POE')
2204 && $engine->VERSION eq '0.01' )
2209 elsif ($engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Zeus')
2210 && $engine->VERSION eq '0.01' )
2216 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
2217 qq/Engine "$engine" is not supported by this version of Catalyst/
2222 $class->engine( $engine->new );
2225 =head2 $c->setup_home
2227 Sets up the home directory.
2232 my ( $class, $home ) = @_;
2234 if ( my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'HOME' ) ) {
2238 $home ||= Catalyst::Utils::home($class);
2241 #I remember recently being scolded for assigning config values like this
2242 $class->config->{home} ||= $home;
2243 $class->config->{root} ||= Path::Class::Dir->new($home)->subdir('root');
2247 =head2 $c->setup_log
2249 Sets up log by instantiating a L<Catalyst::Log|Catalyst::Log> object and
2250 passing it to C<log()>. Pass in a comma-delimited list of levels to set the
2253 This method also installs a C<debug> method that returns a true value into the
2254 catalyst subclass if the "debug" level is passed in the comma-delimited list,
2255 or if the C<$CATALYST_DEBUG> environment variable is set to a true value.
2257 Note that if the log has already been setup, by either a previous call to
2258 C<setup_log> or by a call such as C<< __PACKAGE__->log( MyLogger->new ) >>,
2259 that this method won't actually set up the log object.
2264 my ( $class, $levels ) = @_;
2267 $levels =~ s/^\s+//;
2268 $levels =~ s/\s+$//;
2269 my %levels = map { $_ => 1 } split /\s*,\s*/, $levels || '';
2271 unless ( $class->log ) {
2272 $class->log( Catalyst::Log->new(keys %levels) );
2275 my $env_debug = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'DEBUG' );
2276 if ( defined($env_debug) or $levels{debug} ) {
2277 Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class)->add_method('debug' => sub { 1 });
2278 $class->log->debug('Debug messages enabled');
2282 =head2 $c->setup_plugins
2288 =head2 $c->setup_stats
2290 Sets up timing statistics class.
2295 my ( $class, $stats ) = @_;
2297 Catalyst::Utils::ensure_class_loaded($class->stats_class);
2299 my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'STATS' );
2300 if ( defined($env) ? $env : ($stats || $class->debug ) ) {
2301 Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class)->add_method('use_stats' => sub { 1 });
2302 $class->log->debug('Statistics enabled');
2307 =head2 $c->registered_plugins
2309 Returns a sorted list of the plugins which have either been stated in the
2310 import list or which have been added via C<< MyApp->plugin(@args); >>.
2312 If passed a given plugin name, it will report a boolean value indicating
2313 whether or not that plugin is loaded. A fully qualified name is required if
2314 the plugin name does not begin with C<Catalyst::Plugin::>.
2316 if ($c->registered_plugins('Some::Plugin')) {
2324 sub registered_plugins {
2326 return sort keys %{ $proto->_plugins } unless @_;
2328 return 1 if exists $proto->_plugins->{$plugin};
2329 return exists $proto->_plugins->{"Catalyst::Plugin::$plugin"};
2332 sub _register_plugin {
2333 my ( $proto, $plugin, $instant ) = @_;
2334 my $class = ref $proto || $proto;
2336 # no ignore_loaded here, the plugin may already have been
2337 # defined in memory and we don't want to error on "no file" if so
2339 Class::MOP::load_class( $plugin );
2341 $proto->_plugins->{$plugin} = 1;
2344 if ( my $meta = Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class) ) {
2345 my @superclasses = ($plugin, $meta->superclasses );
2346 $meta->superclasses(@superclasses);
2348 unshift @{"$class\::ISA"}, $plugin;
2355 my ( $class, $plugins ) = @_;
2357 $class->_plugins( {} ) unless $class->_plugins;
2359 for my $plugin ( reverse @$plugins ) {
2361 unless ( $plugin =~ s/\A\+// ) {
2362 $plugin = "Catalyst::Plugin::$plugin";
2365 $class->_register_plugin($plugin);
2372 Returns an arrayref of the internal execution stack (actions that are
2373 currently executing).
2375 =head2 $c->stats_class
2377 Returns or sets the stats (timing statistics) class.
2379 =head2 $c->use_stats
2381 Returns 1 when stats collection is enabled. Stats collection is enabled
2382 when the -Stats options is set, debug is on or when the <MYAPP>_STATS
2383 environment variable is set.
2385 Note that this is a static method, not an accessor and should be overloaded
2386 by declaring "sub use_stats { 1 }" in your MyApp.pm, not by calling $c->use_stats(1).
2393 =head2 $c->write( $data )
2395 Writes $data to the output stream. When using this method directly, you
2396 will need to manually set the C<Content-Length> header to the length of
2397 your output data, if known.
2404 # Finalize headers if someone manually writes output
2405 $c->finalize_headers;
2407 return $c->engine->write( $c, @_ );
2412 Returns the Catalyst version number. Mostly useful for "powered by"
2413 messages in template systems.
2417 sub version { return $Catalyst::VERSION }
2419 =head1 INTERNAL ACTIONS
2421 Catalyst uses internal actions like C<_DISPATCH>, C<_BEGIN>, C<_AUTO>,
2422 C<_ACTION>, and C<_END>. These are by default not shown in the private
2423 action table, but you can make them visible with a config parameter.
2425 MyApp->config->{show_internal_actions} = 1;
2427 =head1 CASE SENSITIVITY
2429 By default Catalyst is not case sensitive, so C<MyApp::C::FOO::Bar> is
2430 mapped to C</foo/bar>. You can activate case sensitivity with a config
2433 MyApp->config->{case_sensitive} = 1;
2435 This causes C<MyApp::C::Foo::Bar> to map to C</Foo/Bar>.
2437 =head1 ON-DEMAND PARSER
2439 The request body is usually parsed at the beginning of a request,
2440 but if you want to handle input yourself, you can enable on-demand
2441 parsing with a config parameter.
2443 MyApp->config->{parse_on_demand} = 1;
2445 =head1 PROXY SUPPORT
2447 Many production servers operate using the common double-server approach,
2448 with a lightweight frontend web server passing requests to a larger
2449 backend server. An application running on the backend server must deal
2450 with two problems: the remote user always appears to be C<127.0.0.1> and
2451 the server's hostname will appear to be C<localhost> regardless of the
2452 virtual host that the user connected through.
2454 Catalyst will automatically detect this situation when you are running
2455 the frontend and backend servers on the same machine. The following
2456 changes are made to the request.
2458 $c->req->address is set to the user's real IP address, as read from
2459 the HTTP X-Forwarded-For header.
2461 The host value for $c->req->base and $c->req->uri is set to the real
2462 host, as read from the HTTP X-Forwarded-Host header.
2464 Obviously, your web server must support these headers for this to work.
2466 In a more complex server farm environment where you may have your
2467 frontend proxy server(s) on different machines, you will need to set a
2468 configuration option to tell Catalyst to read the proxied data from the
2471 MyApp->config->{using_frontend_proxy} = 1;
2473 If you do not wish to use the proxy support at all, you may set:
2475 MyApp->config->{ignore_frontend_proxy} = 1;
2477 =head1 THREAD SAFETY
2479 Catalyst has been tested under Apache 2's threading C<mpm_worker>,
2480 C<mpm_winnt>, and the standalone forking HTTP server on Windows. We
2481 believe the Catalyst core to be thread-safe.
2483 If you plan to operate in a threaded environment, remember that all other
2484 modules you are using must also be thread-safe. Some modules, most notably
2485 L<DBD::SQLite>, are not thread-safe.
2491 Join #catalyst on irc.perl.org.
2495 http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst
2496 http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst-dev
2500 http://catalyst.perl.org
2504 http://dev.catalyst.perl.org
2508 =head2 L<Task::Catalyst> - All you need to start with Catalyst
2510 =head2 L<Catalyst::Manual> - The Catalyst Manual
2512 =head2 L<Catalyst::Component>, L<Catalyst::Base> - Base classes for components
2514 =head2 L<Catalyst::Engine> - Core engine
2516 =head2 L<Catalyst::Log> - Log class.
2518 =head2 L<Catalyst::Request> - Request object
2520 =head2 L<Catalyst::Response> - Response object
2522 =head2 L<Catalyst::Test> - The test suite.
2524 =head1 PROJECT FOUNDER
2526 sri: Sebastian Riedel <sri@cpan.org>
2532 acme: Leon Brocard <leon@astray.com>
2540 andyg: Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
2542 audreyt: Audrey Tang
2544 bricas: Brian Cassidy <bricas@cpan.org>
2546 Caelum: Rafael Kitover <rkitover@io.com>
2548 chansen: Christian Hansen
2550 chicks: Christopher Hicks
2554 dkubb: Dan Kubb <dan.kubb-cpan@onautopilot.com>
2558 esskar: Sascha Kiefer
2560 fireartist: Carl Franks <cfranks@cpan.org>
2562 gabb: Danijel Milicevic
2568 ilmari: Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker <ilmari@ilmari.org>
2570 jcamacho: Juan Camacho
2572 jhannah: Jay Hannah <jay@jays.net>
2578 jon: Jon Schutz <jjschutz@cpan.org>
2580 marcus: Marcus Ramberg <mramberg@cpan.org>
2582 miyagawa: Tatsuhiko Miyagawa <miyagawa@bulknews.net>
2584 mst: Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
2588 naughton: David Naughton
2590 ningu: David Kamholz <dkamholz@cpan.org>
2592 nothingmuch: Yuval Kogman <nothingmuch@woobling.org>
2594 numa: Dan Sully <daniel@cpan.org>
2598 omega: Andreas Marienborg
2600 phaylon: Robert Sedlacek <phaylon@dunkelheit.at>
2602 rafl: Florian Ragwitz <rafl@debian.org>
2606 the_jester: Jesse Sheidlower
2608 t0m: Tomas Doran <bobtfish@bobtfish.net>
2612 willert: Sebastian Willert <willert@cpan.org>
2616 This library is free software, you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
2617 the same terms as Perl itself.
2623 __PACKAGE__->meta->make_immutable;