4 use Moose::Meta::Class ();
5 extends 'Catalyst::Component';
6 use Moose::Util qw/find_meta/;
7 use namespace::clean -except => 'meta';
8 use Catalyst::Exception;
9 use Catalyst::Exception::Detach;
10 use Catalyst::Exception::Go;
12 use Catalyst::Request;
13 use Catalyst::Request::Upload;
14 use Catalyst::Response;
16 use Catalyst::Controller;
18 use Devel::InnerPackage ();
19 use Module::Pluggable::Object ();
20 use Text::SimpleTable ();
21 use Path::Class::Dir ();
22 use Path::Class::File ();
27 use Tree::Simple qw/use_weak_refs/;
28 use Tree::Simple::Visitor::FindByUID;
29 use Class::C3::Adopt::NEXT;
30 use List::MoreUtils qw/uniq/;
32 use String::RewritePrefix;
33 use Catalyst::EngineLoader;
35 use Carp qw/croak carp shortmess/;
38 use Moose::Util 'find_meta';
39 use Plack::Middleware::Conditional;
40 use Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy;
41 use Plack::Middleware::IIS6ScriptNameFix;
42 use Plack::Middleware::IIS7KeepAliveFix;
43 use Plack::Middleware::LighttpdScriptNameFix;
44 use Plack::Middleware::ContentLength;
45 use Plack::Middleware::Head;
46 use Plack::Middleware::HTTPExceptions;
47 use Plack::Middleware::FixMissingBodyInRedirect;
48 use Plack::Middleware::MethodOverride;
49 use Plack::Middleware::RemoveRedundantBody;
50 use Catalyst::Middleware::Stash;
52 use Class::Load 'load_class';
55 BEGIN { require 5.008003; }
57 has stack => (is => 'ro', default => sub { [] });
58 has state => (is => 'rw', default => 0);
59 has stats => (is => 'rw');
60 has action => (is => 'rw');
61 has counter => (is => 'rw', default => sub { {} });
66 $self->request_class->new($self->_build_request_constructor_args);
70 sub _build_request_constructor_args {
72 my %p = ( _log => $self->log );
73 $p{_uploadtmp} = $self->_uploadtmp if $self->_has_uploadtmp;
74 $p{data_handlers} = {$self->registered_data_handlers};
75 $p{_use_hash_multivalue} = $self->config->{use_hash_multivalue_in_request}
76 if $self->config->{use_hash_multivalue_in_request};
84 $self->response_class->new($self->_build_response_constructor_args);
88 sub _build_response_constructor_args {
90 { _log => $self->log };
93 has namespace => (is => 'rw');
95 sub depth { scalar @{ shift->stack || [] }; }
96 sub comp { shift->component(@_) }
99 my $self = shift; return $self->request(@_);
102 my $self = shift; return $self->response(@_);
105 # For backwards compatibility
106 sub finalize_output { shift->finalize_body(@_) };
111 our $RECURSION = 1000;
112 our $DETACH = Catalyst::Exception::Detach->new;
113 our $GO = Catalyst::Exception::Go->new;
115 #I imagine that very few of these really need to be class variables. if any.
116 #maybe we should just make them attributes with a default?
117 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata($_)
118 for qw/components arguments dispatcher engine log dispatcher_class
119 engine_loader context_class request_class response_class stats_class
120 setup_finished _psgi_app loading_psgi_file run_options _psgi_middleware
121 _data_handlers _encoding _encode_check/;
123 __PACKAGE__->dispatcher_class('Catalyst::Dispatcher');
124 __PACKAGE__->request_class('Catalyst::Request');
125 __PACKAGE__->response_class('Catalyst::Response');
126 __PACKAGE__->stats_class('Catalyst::Stats');
127 __PACKAGE__->_encode_check(Encode::FB_CROAK | Encode::LEAVE_SRC);
129 # Remember to update this in Catalyst::Runtime as well!
130 our $VERSION = '5.90080_001';
133 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
135 # We have to limit $class to Catalyst to avoid pushing Catalyst upon every
137 return unless $class eq 'Catalyst';
139 my $caller = caller();
140 return if $caller eq 'main';
142 my $meta = Moose::Meta::Class->initialize($caller);
143 unless ( $caller->isa('Catalyst') ) {
144 my @superclasses = ($meta->superclasses, $class, 'Catalyst::Controller');
145 $meta->superclasses(@superclasses);
147 # Avoid possible C3 issues if 'Moose::Object' is already on RHS of MyApp
148 $meta->superclasses(grep { $_ ne 'Moose::Object' } $meta->superclasses);
150 unless( $meta->has_method('meta') ){
151 if ($Moose::VERSION >= 1.15) {
152 $meta->_add_meta_method('meta');
155 $meta->add_method(meta => sub { Moose::Meta::Class->initialize("${caller}") } );
159 $caller->arguments( [@arguments] );
163 sub _application { $_[0] }
169 Catalyst - The Elegant MVC Web Application Framework
173 See the L<Catalyst::Manual> distribution for comprehensive
174 documentation and tutorials.
176 # Install Catalyst::Devel for helpers and other development tools
177 # use the helper to create a new application
180 # add models, views, controllers
181 script/myapp_create.pl model MyDatabase DBIC::Schema create=static dbi:SQLite:/path/to/db
182 script/myapp_create.pl view MyTemplate TT
183 script/myapp_create.pl controller Search
185 # built in testserver -- use -r to restart automatically on changes
186 # --help to see all available options
187 script/myapp_server.pl
189 # command line testing interface
190 script/myapp_test.pl /yada
193 use Catalyst qw/-Debug/; # include plugins here as well
195 ### In lib/MyApp/Controller/Root.pm (autocreated)
196 sub foo : Chained('/') Args() { # called for /foo, /foo/1, /foo/1/2, etc.
197 my ( $self, $c, @args ) = @_; # args are qw/1 2/ for /foo/1/2
198 $c->stash->{template} = 'foo.tt'; # set the template
199 # lookup something from db -- stash vars are passed to TT
201 $c->model('Database::Foo')->search( { country => $args[0] } );
202 if ( $c->req->params->{bar} ) { # access GET or POST parameters
203 $c->forward( 'bar' ); # process another action
204 # do something else after forward returns
208 # The foo.tt TT template can use the stash data from the database
209 [% WHILE (item = data.next) %]
213 # called for /bar/of/soap, /bar/of/soap/10, etc.
214 sub bar : Chained('/') PathPart('/bar/of/soap') Args() { ... }
216 # called after all actions are finished
218 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
219 if ( scalar @{ $c->error } ) { ... } # handle errors
220 return if $c->res->body; # already have a response
221 $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' ); # render template
224 See L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro> for additional information.
228 Catalyst is a modern framework for making web applications without the
229 pain usually associated with this process. This document is a reference
230 to the main Catalyst application. If you are a new user, we suggest you
231 start with L<Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial> or L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro>.
233 See L<Catalyst::Manual> for more documentation.
235 Catalyst plugins can be loaded by naming them as arguments to the "use
236 Catalyst" statement. Omit the C<Catalyst::Plugin::> prefix from the
237 plugin name, i.e., C<Catalyst::Plugin::My::Module> becomes
240 use Catalyst qw/My::Module/;
242 If your plugin starts with a name other than C<Catalyst::Plugin::>, you can
243 fully qualify the name by using a unary plus:
247 +Fully::Qualified::Plugin::Name
250 Special flags like C<-Debug> can also be specified as
251 arguments when Catalyst is loaded:
253 use Catalyst qw/-Debug My::Module/;
255 The position of plugins and flags in the chain is important, because
256 they are loaded in the order in which they appear.
258 The following flags are supported:
262 Enables debug output. You can also force this setting from the system
263 environment with CATALYST_DEBUG or <MYAPP>_DEBUG. The environment
264 settings override the application, with <MYAPP>_DEBUG having the highest
267 This sets the log level to 'debug' and enables full debug output on the
268 error screen. If you only want the latter, see L<< $c->debug >>.
272 Forces Catalyst to use a specific home directory, e.g.:
274 use Catalyst qw[-Home=/usr/mst];
276 This can also be done in the shell environment by setting either the
277 C<CATALYST_HOME> environment variable or C<MYAPP_HOME>; where C<MYAPP>
278 is replaced with the uppercased name of your application, any "::" in
279 the name will be replaced with underscores, e.g. MyApp::Web should use
280 MYAPP_WEB_HOME. If both variables are set, the MYAPP_HOME one will be used.
282 If none of these are set, Catalyst will attempt to automatically detect the
283 home directory. If you are working in a development environment, Catalyst
284 will try and find the directory containing either Makefile.PL, Build.PL,
285 dist.ini, or cpanfile. If the application has been installed into the system
286 (i.e. you have done C<make install>), then Catalyst will use the path to your
287 application module, without the .pm extension (e.g., /foo/MyApp if your
288 application was installed at /foo/MyApp.pm)
292 use Catalyst '-Log=warn,fatal,error';
294 Specifies a comma-delimited list of log levels.
298 Enables statistics collection and reporting.
300 use Catalyst qw/-Stats=1/;
302 You can also force this setting from the system environment with CATALYST_STATS
303 or <MYAPP>_STATS. The environment settings override the application, with
304 <MYAPP>_STATS having the highest priority.
306 Stats are also enabled if L<< debugging |/"-Debug" >> is enabled.
310 =head2 INFORMATION ABOUT THE CURRENT REQUEST
314 Returns a L<Catalyst::Action> object for the current action, which
315 stringifies to the action name. See L<Catalyst::Action>.
319 Returns the namespace of the current action, i.e., the URI prefix
320 corresponding to the controller of the current action. For example:
322 # in Controller::Foo::Bar
323 $c->namespace; # returns 'foo/bar';
329 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Request> object, giving access to
330 information about the current client request (including parameters,
331 cookies, HTTP headers, etc.). See L<Catalyst::Request>.
333 =head2 REQUEST FLOW HANDLING
335 =head2 $c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )
337 =head2 $c->forward( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
339 This is one way of calling another action (method) in the same or
340 a different controller. You can also use C<< $self->my_method($c, @args) >>
341 in the same controller or C<< $c->controller('MyController')->my_method($c, @args) >>
342 in a different controller.
343 The main difference is that 'forward' uses some of the Catalyst request
344 cycle overhead, including debugging, which may be useful to you. On the
345 other hand, there are some complications to using 'forward', restrictions
346 on values returned from 'forward', and it may not handle errors as you prefer.
347 Whether you use 'forward' or not is up to you; it is not considered superior to
348 the other ways to call a method.
350 'forward' calls another action, by its private name. If you give a
351 class name but no method, C<process()> is called. You may also optionally
352 pass arguments in an arrayref. The action will receive the arguments in
353 C<@_> and C<< $c->req->args >>. Upon returning from the function,
354 C<< $c->req->args >> will be restored to the previous values.
356 Any data C<return>ed from the action forwarded to, will be returned by the
359 my $foodata = $c->forward('/foo');
360 $c->forward('index');
361 $c->forward(qw/Model::DBIC::Foo do_stuff/);
362 $c->forward('View::TT');
364 Note that L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >> implies
365 an C<< eval { } >> around the call (actually
366 L<< execute|/"$c->execute( $class, $coderef )" >> does), thus rendering all
367 exceptions thrown by the called action non-fatal and pushing them onto
368 $c->error instead. If you want C<die> to propagate you need to do something
372 die join "\n", @{ $c->error } if @{ $c->error };
374 Or make sure to always return true values from your actions and write
377 $c->forward('foo') || return;
379 Another note is that C<< $c->forward >> always returns a scalar because it
380 actually returns $c->state which operates in a scalar context.
381 Thus, something like:
385 in an action that is forwarded to is going to return a scalar,
386 i.e. how many items are in that array, which is probably not what you want.
387 If you need to return an array then return a reference to it,
390 $c->stash->{array} = \@array;
392 and access it from the stash.
394 Keep in mind that the C<end> method used is that of the caller action. So a C<$c-E<gt>detach> inside a forwarded action would run the C<end> method from the original action requested.
398 sub forward { my $c = shift; no warnings 'recursion'; $c->dispatcher->forward( $c, @_ ) }
400 =head2 $c->detach( $action [, \@arguments ] )
402 =head2 $c->detach( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
406 The same as L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>, but
407 doesn't return to the previous action when processing is finished.
409 When called with no arguments it escapes the processing chain entirely.
413 sub detach { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->detach( $c, @_ ) }
415 =head2 $c->visit( $action [, \@arguments ] )
417 =head2 $c->visit( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
419 =head2 $c->visit( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
421 =head2 $c->visit( $class, $method, [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
423 Almost the same as L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>,
424 but does a full dispatch, instead of just calling the new C<$action> /
425 C<< $class->$method >>. This means that C<begin>, C<auto> and the method
426 you go to are called, just like a new request.
428 In addition both C<< $c->action >> and C<< $c->namespace >> are localized.
429 This means, for example, that C<< $c->action >> methods such as
430 L<name|Catalyst::Action/name>, L<class|Catalyst::Action/class> and
431 L<reverse|Catalyst::Action/reverse> return information for the visited action
432 when they are invoked within the visited action. This is different from the
433 behavior of L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>, which
434 continues to use the $c->action object from the caller action even when
435 invoked from the called action.
437 C<< $c->stash >> is kept unchanged.
439 In effect, L<< visit|/"$c->visit( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )" >>
440 allows you to "wrap" another action, just as it would have been called by
441 dispatching from a URL, while the analogous
442 L<< go|/"$c->go( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )" >> allows you to
443 transfer control to another action as if it had been reached directly from a URL.
447 sub visit { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->visit( $c, @_ ) }
449 =head2 $c->go( $action [, \@arguments ] )
451 =head2 $c->go( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
453 =head2 $c->go( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
455 =head2 $c->go( $class, $method, [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
457 The relationship between C<go> and
458 L<< visit|/"$c->visit( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )" >> is the same as
459 the relationship between
460 L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )" >> and
461 L<< detach|/"$c->detach( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>. Like C<< $c->visit >>,
462 C<< $c->go >> will perform a full dispatch on the specified action or method,
463 with localized C<< $c->action >> and C<< $c->namespace >>. Like C<detach>,
464 C<go> escapes the processing of the current request chain on completion, and
465 does not return to its caller.
467 @arguments are arguments to the final destination of $action. @captures are
468 arguments to the intermediate steps, if any, on the way to the final sub of
473 sub go { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->go( $c, @_ ) }
479 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Response> object, see there for details.
483 Returns a hashref to the stash, which may be used to store data and pass
484 it between components during a request. You can also set hash keys by
485 passing arguments. The stash is automatically sent to the view. The
486 stash is cleared at the end of a request; it cannot be used for
487 persistent storage (for this you must use a session; see
488 L<Catalyst::Plugin::Session> for a complete system integrated with
491 $c->stash->{foo} = $bar;
492 $c->stash( { moose => 'majestic', qux => 0 } );
493 $c->stash( bar => 1, gorch => 2 ); # equivalent to passing a hashref
495 # stash is automatically passed to the view for use in a template
496 $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' );
498 The stash hash is currently stored in the PSGI C<$env> and is managed by
499 L<Catalyst::Middleware::Stash>. Since it's part of the C<$env> items in
500 the stash can be accessed in sub applications mounted under your main
501 L<Catalyst> application. For example if you delegate the response of an
502 action to another L<Catalyst> application, that sub application will have
503 access to all the stash keys of the main one, and if can of course add
504 more keys of its own. However those new keys will not 'bubble' back up
505 to the main application.
507 For more information the best thing to do is to review the test case:
508 t/middleware-stash.t in the distribution /t directory.
514 return Catalyst::Middleware::Stash::get_stash($c->req->env)->(@_);
519 =head2 $c->error($error, ...)
521 =head2 $c->error($arrayref)
523 Returns an arrayref containing error messages. If Catalyst encounters an
524 error while processing a request, it stores the error in $c->error. This
525 method should only be used to store fatal error messages.
527 my @error = @{ $c->error };
531 $c->error('Something bad happened');
538 my $error = ref $_[0] eq 'ARRAY' ? $_[0] : [@_];
539 croak @$error unless ref $c;
540 push @{ $c->{error} }, @$error;
542 elsif ( defined $_[0] ) { $c->{error} = undef }
543 return $c->{error} || [];
549 Contains the return value of the last executed action.
550 Note that << $c->state >> operates in a scalar context which means that all
551 values it returns are scalar.
553 =head2 $c->clear_errors
555 Clear errors. You probably don't want to clear the errors unless you are
556 implementing a custom error screen.
558 This is equivalent to running
569 =head2 $c->has_errors
571 Returns true if you have errors
575 sub has_errors { scalar(@{shift->error}) ? 1:0 }
577 sub _comp_search_prefixes {
579 return map $c->components->{ $_ }, $c->_comp_names_search_prefixes(@_);
582 # search components given a name and some prefixes
583 sub _comp_names_search_prefixes {
584 my ( $c, $name, @prefixes ) = @_;
585 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
586 my $filter = "^${appclass}::(" . join( '|', @prefixes ) . ')::';
587 $filter = qr/$filter/; # Compile regex now rather than once per loop
589 # map the original component name to the sub part that we will search against
590 my %eligible = map { my $n = $_; $n =~ s{^$appclass\::[^:]+::}{}; $_ => $n; }
591 grep { /$filter/ } keys %{ $c->components };
593 # undef for a name will return all
594 return keys %eligible if !defined $name;
596 my $query = $name->$_isa('Regexp') ? $name : qr/^$name$/i;
597 my @result = grep { $eligible{$_} =~ m{$query} } keys %eligible;
599 return @result if @result;
601 # if we were given a regexp to search against, we're done.
602 return if $name->$_isa('Regexp');
604 # skip regexp fallback if configured
606 if $appclass->config->{disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback};
610 @result = grep { $eligible{ $_ } =~ m{$query} } keys %eligible;
612 # no results? try against full names
614 @result = grep { m{$query} } keys %eligible;
617 # don't warn if we didn't find any results, it just might not exist
619 # Disgusting hack to work out correct method name
620 my $warn_for = lc $prefixes[0];
621 my $msg = "Used regexp fallback for \$c->${warn_for}('${name}'), which found '" .
622 (join '", "', @result) . "'. Relying on regexp fallback behavior for " .
623 "component resolution is unreliable and unsafe.";
624 my $short = $result[0];
625 # remove the component namespace prefix
626 $short =~ s/.*?(Model|Controller|View):://;
627 my $shortmess = Carp::shortmess('');
628 if ($shortmess =~ m#Catalyst/Plugin#) {
629 $msg .= " You probably need to set '$short' instead of '${name}' in this " .
631 } elsif ($shortmess =~ m#Catalyst/lib/(View|Controller)#) {
632 $msg .= " You probably need to set '$short' instead of '${name}' in this " .
633 "component's config";
635 $msg .= " You probably meant \$c->${warn_for}('$short') instead of \$c->${warn_for}('${name}'), " .
636 "but if you really wanted to search, pass in a regexp as the argument " .
637 "like so: \$c->${warn_for}(qr/${name}/)";
639 $c->log->warn( "${msg}$shortmess" );
645 # Find possible names for a prefix
647 my ( $c, @prefixes ) = @_;
648 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
650 my $filter = "^${appclass}::(" . join( '|', @prefixes ) . ')::';
652 my @names = map { s{$filter}{}; $_; }
653 $c->_comp_names_search_prefixes( undef, @prefixes );
658 # Filter a component before returning by calling ACCEPT_CONTEXT if available
659 sub _filter_component {
660 my ( $c, $comp, @args ) = @_;
662 if ( eval { $comp->can('ACCEPT_CONTEXT'); } ) {
663 return $comp->ACCEPT_CONTEXT( $c, @args );
669 =head2 COMPONENT ACCESSORS
671 =head2 $c->controller($name)
673 Gets a L<Catalyst::Controller> instance by name.
675 $c->controller('Foo')->do_stuff;
677 If the name is omitted, will return the controller for the dispatched
680 If you want to search for controllers, pass in a regexp as the argument.
682 # find all controllers that start with Foo
683 my @foo_controllers = $c->controller(qr{^Foo});
689 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
691 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
693 unless ( $name->$_isa('Regexp') ) { # Direct component hash lookup to avoid costly regexps
694 my $comps = $c->components;
695 my $check = $appclass."::Controller::".$name;
696 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{$check}, @args ) if exists $comps->{$check};
698 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Controller C/ );
699 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
700 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
703 return $c->component( $c->action->class );
706 =head2 $c->model($name)
708 Gets a L<Catalyst::Model> instance by name.
710 $c->model('Foo')->do_stuff;
712 Any extra arguments are directly passed to ACCEPT_CONTEXT.
714 If the name is omitted, it will look for
715 - a model object in $c->stash->{current_model_instance}, then
716 - a model name in $c->stash->{current_model}, then
717 - a config setting 'default_model', or
718 - check if there is only one model, and return it if that's the case.
720 If you want to search for models, pass in a regexp as the argument.
722 # find all models that start with Foo
723 my @foo_models = $c->model(qr{^Foo});
728 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
729 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
731 unless ( $name->$_isa('Regexp') ) { # Direct component hash lookup to avoid costly regexps
732 my $comps = $c->components;
733 my $check = $appclass."::Model::".$name;
734 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{$check}, @args ) if exists $comps->{$check};
736 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Model M/ );
737 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
738 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
742 return $c->stash->{current_model_instance}
743 if $c->stash->{current_model_instance};
744 return $c->model( $c->stash->{current_model} )
745 if $c->stash->{current_model};
747 return $c->model( $appclass->config->{default_model} )
748 if $appclass->config->{default_model};
750 my( $comp, $rest ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( undef, qw/Model M/);
753 $c->log->warn( Carp::shortmess('Calling $c->model() will return a random model unless you specify one of:') );
754 $c->log->warn( '* $c->config(default_model => "the name of the default model to use")' );
755 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_model} # the name of the model to use for this request' );
756 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_model_instance} # the instance of the model to use for this request' );
757 $c->log->warn( 'NB: in version 5.81, the "random" behavior will not work at all.' );
760 return $c->_filter_component( $comp );
764 =head2 $c->view($name)
766 Gets a L<Catalyst::View> instance by name.
768 $c->view('Foo')->do_stuff;
770 Any extra arguments are directly passed to ACCEPT_CONTEXT.
772 If the name is omitted, it will look for
773 - a view object in $c->stash->{current_view_instance}, then
774 - a view name in $c->stash->{current_view}, then
775 - a config setting 'default_view', or
776 - check if there is only one view, and return it if that's the case.
778 If you want to search for views, pass in a regexp as the argument.
780 # find all views that start with Foo
781 my @foo_views = $c->view(qr{^Foo});
786 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
788 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
790 unless ( $name->$_isa('Regexp') ) { # Direct component hash lookup to avoid costly regexps
791 my $comps = $c->components;
792 my $check = $appclass."::View::".$name;
793 if( exists $comps->{$check} ) {
794 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{$check}, @args );
797 $c->log->warn( "Attempted to use view '$check', but does not exist" );
800 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/View V/ );
801 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
802 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
806 return $c->stash->{current_view_instance}
807 if $c->stash->{current_view_instance};
808 return $c->view( $c->stash->{current_view} )
809 if $c->stash->{current_view};
811 return $c->view( $appclass->config->{default_view} )
812 if $appclass->config->{default_view};
814 my( $comp, $rest ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( undef, qw/View V/);
817 $c->log->warn( 'Calling $c->view() will return a random view unless you specify one of:' );
818 $c->log->warn( '* $c->config(default_view => "the name of the default view to use")' );
819 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_view} # the name of the view to use for this request' );
820 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_view_instance} # the instance of the view to use for this request' );
821 $c->log->warn( 'NB: in version 5.81, the "random" behavior will not work at all.' );
824 return $c->_filter_component( $comp );
827 =head2 $c->controllers
829 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->controller
835 return $c->_comp_names(qw/Controller C/);
840 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->model
846 return $c->_comp_names(qw/Model M/);
852 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->view
858 return $c->_comp_names(qw/View V/);
861 =head2 $c->comp($name)
863 =head2 $c->component($name)
865 Gets a component object by name. This method is not recommended,
866 unless you want to get a specific component by full
867 class. C<< $c->controller >>, C<< $c->model >>, and C<< $c->view >>
868 should be used instead.
870 If C<$name> is a regexp, a list of components matched against the full
871 component name will be returned.
873 If Catalyst can't find a component by name, it will fallback to regex
874 matching by default. To disable this behaviour set
875 disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback to a true value.
877 __PACKAGE__->config( disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback => 1 );
882 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
885 my $comps = $c->components;
888 # is it the exact name?
889 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{ $name }, @args )
890 if exists $comps->{ $name };
892 # perhaps we just omitted "MyApp"?
893 my $composed = ( ref $c || $c ) . "::${name}";
894 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{ $composed }, @args )
895 if exists $comps->{ $composed };
897 # search all of the models, views and controllers
898 my( $comp ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Model M Controller C View V/ );
899 return $c->_filter_component( $comp, @args ) if $comp;
903 if $c->config->{disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback};
905 # This is here so $c->comp( '::M::' ) works
906 my $query = ref $name ? $name : qr{$name}i;
908 my @result = grep { m{$query} } keys %{ $c->components };
909 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
912 $c->log->warn( Carp::shortmess(qq(Found results for "${name}" using regexp fallback)) );
913 $c->log->warn( 'Relying on the regexp fallback behavior for component resolution' );
914 $c->log->warn( 'is unreliable and unsafe. You have been warned' );
915 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
918 # I would expect to return an empty list here, but that breaks back-compat
922 return sort keys %{ $c->components };
925 =head2 CLASS DATA AND HELPER CLASSES
929 Returns or takes a hashref containing the application's configuration.
931 __PACKAGE__->config( { db => 'dsn:SQLite:foo.db' } );
933 You can also use a C<YAML>, C<XML> or L<Config::General> config file
934 like C<myapp.conf> in your applications home directory. See
935 L<Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader>.
937 =head3 Cascading configuration
939 The config method is present on all Catalyst components, and configuration
940 will be merged when an application is started. Configuration loaded with
941 L<Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader> takes precedence over other configuration,
942 followed by configuration in your top level C<MyApp> class. These two
943 configurations are merged, and then configuration data whose hash key matches a
944 component name is merged with configuration for that component.
946 The configuration for a component is then passed to the C<new> method when a
947 component is constructed.
951 MyApp->config({ 'Model::Foo' => { bar => 'baz', overrides => 'me' } });
952 MyApp::Model::Foo->config({ quux => 'frob', overrides => 'this' });
954 will mean that C<MyApp::Model::Foo> receives the following data when
957 MyApp::Model::Foo->new({
963 It's common practice to use a Moose attribute
964 on the receiving component to access the config value.
966 package MyApp::Model::Foo;
970 # this attr will receive 'baz' at construction time
976 You can then get the value 'baz' by calling $c->model('Foo')->bar
977 (or $self->bar inside code in the model).
979 B<NOTE:> you MUST NOT call C<< $self->config >> or C<< __PACKAGE__->config >>
980 as a way of reading config within your code, as this B<will not> give you the
981 correctly merged config back. You B<MUST> take the config values supplied to
982 the constructor and use those instead.
986 around config => sub {
990 croak('Setting config after setup has been run is not allowed.')
991 if ( @_ and $c->setup_finished );
998 Returns the logging object instance. Unless it is already set, Catalyst
999 sets this up with a L<Catalyst::Log> object. To use your own log class,
1000 set the logger with the C<< __PACKAGE__->log >> method prior to calling
1001 C<< __PACKAGE__->setup >>.
1003 __PACKAGE__->log( MyLogger->new );
1008 $c->log->info( 'Now logging with my own logger!' );
1010 Your log class should implement the methods described in
1015 Sets or gets the application encoding.
1024 # Let it be set to undef
1025 if (my $wanted = shift) {
1026 $encoding = Encode::find_encoding($wanted)
1027 or Carp::croak( qq/Unknown encoding '$wanted'/ );
1028 binmode(STDERR, ':encoding(' . $encoding->name . ')');
1035 ? $c->{encoding} = $encoding
1036 : $c->_encoding($encoding);
1038 $encoding = ref $c && exists $c->{encoding}
1048 Returns 1 if debug mode is enabled, 0 otherwise.
1050 You can enable debug mode in several ways:
1054 =item By calling myapp_server.pl with the -d flag
1056 =item With the environment variables MYAPP_DEBUG, or CATALYST_DEBUG
1058 =item The -Debug option in your MyApp.pm
1060 =item By declaring C<sub debug { 1 }> in your MyApp.pm.
1064 The first three also set the log level to 'debug'.
1066 Calling C<< $c->debug(1) >> has no effect.
1072 =head2 $c->dispatcher
1074 Returns the dispatcher instance. See L<Catalyst::Dispatcher>.
1078 Returns the engine instance. See L<Catalyst::Engine>.
1081 =head2 UTILITY METHODS
1083 =head2 $c->path_to(@path)
1085 Merges C<@path> with C<< $c->config->{home} >> and returns a
1086 L<Path::Class::Dir> object. Note you can usually use this object as
1087 a filename, but sometimes you will have to explicitly stringify it
1088 yourself by calling the C<< ->stringify >> method.
1092 $c->path_to( 'db', 'sqlite.db' );
1097 my ( $c, @path ) = @_;
1098 my $path = Path::Class::Dir->new( $c->config->{home}, @path );
1099 if ( -d $path ) { return $path }
1100 else { return Path::Class::File->new( $c->config->{home}, @path ) }
1104 my ( $class, $name, $plugin, @args ) = @_;
1106 # See block comment in t/unit_core_plugin.t
1107 $class->log->warn(qq/Adding plugin using the ->plugin method is deprecated, and will be removed in a future release/);
1109 $class->_register_plugin( $plugin, 1 );
1111 eval { $plugin->import };
1112 $class->mk_classdata($name);
1114 eval { $obj = $plugin->new(@args) };
1117 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
1118 qq/Couldn't instantiate instant plugin "$plugin", "$@"/ );
1121 $class->$name($obj);
1122 $class->log->debug(qq/Initialized instant plugin "$plugin" as "$name"/)
1128 Initializes the dispatcher and engine, loads any plugins, and loads the
1129 model, view, and controller components. You may also specify an array
1130 of plugins to load here, if you choose to not load them in the C<use
1134 MyApp->setup( qw/-Debug/ );
1136 B<Note:> You B<should not> wrap this method with method modifiers
1137 or bad things will happen - wrap the C<setup_finalize> method instead.
1142 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
1143 croak('Running setup more than once')
1144 if ( $class->setup_finished );
1146 unless ( $class->isa('Catalyst') ) {
1148 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
1149 message => qq/'$class' does not inherit from Catalyst/ );
1152 if ( $class->arguments ) {
1153 @arguments = ( @arguments, @{ $class->arguments } );
1159 foreach (@arguments) {
1163 ( $flags->{log} ) ? 'debug,' . $flags->{log} : 'debug';
1165 elsif (/^-(\w+)=?(.*)$/) {
1166 $flags->{ lc $1 } = $2;
1169 push @{ $flags->{plugins} }, $_;
1173 $class->setup_home( delete $flags->{home} );
1175 $class->setup_log( delete $flags->{log} );
1176 $class->setup_plugins( delete $flags->{plugins} );
1178 $class->setup_data_handlers();
1179 $class->setup_dispatcher( delete $flags->{dispatcher} );
1180 if (my $engine = delete $flags->{engine}) {
1181 $class->log->warn("Specifying the engine in ->setup is no longer supported, see Catalyst::Upgrading");
1183 $class->setup_engine();
1184 $class->setup_stats( delete $flags->{stats} );
1186 for my $flag ( sort keys %{$flags} ) {
1188 if ( my $code = $class->can( 'setup_' . $flag ) ) {
1189 &$code( $class, delete $flags->{$flag} );
1192 $class->log->warn(qq/Unknown flag "$flag"/);
1196 eval { require Catalyst::Devel; };
1197 if( !$@ && $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} && ( $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} < $Catalyst::Devel::CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN ) ) {
1198 $class->log->warn(<<"EOF");
1199 You are running an old script!
1201 Please update by running (this will overwrite existing files):
1202 catalyst.pl -force -scripts $class
1204 or (this will not overwrite existing files):
1205 catalyst.pl -scripts $class
1210 # Call plugins setup, this is stupid and evil.
1211 # Also screws C3 badly on 5.10, hack to avoid.
1213 no warnings qw/redefine/;
1214 local *setup = sub { };
1215 $class->setup unless $Catalyst::__AM_RESTARTING;
1218 # If you are expecting configuration info as part of your setup, it needs
1219 # to get called here and below, since we need the above line to support
1220 # ConfigLoader based configs.
1222 $class->setup_encoding();
1223 $class->setup_middleware();
1225 # Initialize our data structure
1226 $class->components( {} );
1228 $class->setup_components;
1230 if ( $class->debug ) {
1231 my @plugins = map { "$_ " . ( $_->VERSION || '' ) } $class->registered_plugins;
1234 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 6;
1235 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new($column_width);
1236 $t->row($_) for @plugins;
1237 $class->log->debug( "Loaded plugins:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" );
1240 my @middleware = map {
1243 (ref($_) .' '. ($_->can('VERSION') ? $_->VERSION || '' : '')
1244 || '') } $class->registered_middlewares;
1247 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 6;
1248 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new($column_width);
1249 $t->row($_) for @middleware;
1250 $class->log->debug( "Loaded PSGI Middleware:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" );
1253 my %dh = $class->registered_data_handlers;
1254 if (my @data_handlers = keys %dh) {
1255 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 6;
1256 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new($column_width);
1257 $t->row($_) for @data_handlers;
1258 $class->log->debug( "Loaded Request Data Handlers:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" );
1261 my $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher;
1262 my $engine = $class->engine;
1263 my $home = $class->config->{home};
1265 $class->log->debug(sprintf(q/Loaded dispatcher "%s"/, blessed($dispatcher)));
1266 $class->log->debug(sprintf(q/Loaded engine "%s"/, blessed($engine)));
1270 ? $class->log->debug(qq/Found home "$home"/)
1271 : $class->log->debug(qq/Home "$home" doesn't exist/)
1272 : $class->log->debug(q/Couldn't find home/);
1274 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 8 - 9;
1275 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ $column_width, 'Class' ], [ 8, 'Type' ] );
1276 for my $comp ( sort keys %{ $class->components } ) {
1277 my $type = ref $class->components->{$comp} ? 'instance' : 'class';
1278 $t->row( $comp, $type );
1280 $class->log->debug( "Loaded components:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" )
1281 if ( keys %{ $class->components } );
1284 # Add our self to components, since we are also a component
1285 if( $class->isa('Catalyst::Controller') ){
1286 $class->components->{$class} = $class;
1289 $class->setup_actions;
1291 if ( $class->debug ) {
1292 my $name = $class->config->{name} || 'Application';
1293 $class->log->info("$name powered by Catalyst $Catalyst::VERSION");
1296 if ($class->config->{case_sensitive}) {
1297 $class->log->warn($class . "->config->{case_sensitive} is set.");
1298 $class->log->warn("This setting is deprecated and planned to be removed in Catalyst 5.81.");
1301 $class->setup_finalize;
1303 # Flush the log for good measure (in case something turned off 'autoflush' early)
1304 $class->log->_flush() if $class->log->can('_flush');
1306 return $class || 1; # Just in case someone named their Application 0...
1309 =head2 $app->setup_finalize
1311 A hook to attach modifiers to. This method does not do anything except set the
1312 C<setup_finished> accessor.
1314 Applying method modifiers to the C<setup> method doesn't work, because of quirky things done for plugin setup.
1318 after setup_finalize => sub {
1326 sub setup_finalize {
1328 $class->setup_finished(1);
1331 =head2 $c->uri_for( $path?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1333 =head2 $c->uri_for( $action, \@captures?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1335 Constructs an absolute L<URI> object based on the application root, the
1336 provided path, and the additional arguments and query parameters provided.
1337 When used as a string, provides a textual URI. If you need more flexibility
1338 than this (i.e. the option to provide relative URIs etc.) see
1339 L<Catalyst::Plugin::SmartURI>.
1341 If no arguments are provided, the URI for the current action is returned.
1342 To return the current action and also provide @args, use
1343 C<< $c->uri_for( $c->action, @args ) >>.
1345 If the first argument is a string, it is taken as a public URI path relative
1346 to C<< $c->namespace >> (if it doesn't begin with a forward slash) or
1347 relative to the application root (if it does). It is then merged with
1348 C<< $c->request->base >>; any C<@args> are appended as additional path
1349 components; and any C<%query_values> are appended as C<?foo=bar> parameters.
1351 If the first argument is a L<Catalyst::Action> it represents an action which
1352 will have its path resolved using C<< $c->dispatcher->uri_for_action >>. The
1353 optional C<\@captures> argument (an arrayref) allows passing the captured
1354 variables that are needed to fill in the paths of Chained and Regex actions;
1355 once the path is resolved, C<uri_for> continues as though a path was
1356 provided, appending any arguments or parameters and creating an absolute
1359 The captures for the current request can be found in
1360 C<< $c->request->captures >>, and actions can be resolved using
1361 C<< Catalyst::Controller->action_for($name) >>. If you have a private action
1362 path, use C<< $c->uri_for_action >> instead.
1364 # Equivalent to $c->req->uri
1365 $c->uri_for($c->action, $c->req->captures,
1366 @{ $c->req->args }, $c->req->params);
1368 # For the Foo action in the Bar controller
1369 $c->uri_for($c->controller('Bar')->action_for('Foo'));
1371 # Path to a static resource
1372 $c->uri_for('/static/images/logo.png');
1377 my ( $c, $path, @args ) = @_;
1379 if ( $path->$_isa('Catalyst::Controller') ) {
1380 $path = $path->path_prefix;
1385 undef($path) if (defined $path && $path eq '');
1388 ( scalar @args && ref $args[$#args] eq 'HASH' ? pop @args : {} );
1390 carp "uri_for called with undef argument" if grep { ! defined $_ } @args;
1391 foreach my $arg (@args) {
1392 utf8::encode($arg) if utf8::is_utf8($arg);
1393 $arg =~ s/([^$URI::uric])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1396 if ( $path->$_isa('Catalyst::Action') ) { # action object
1397 s|/|%2F|g for @args;
1398 my $captures = [ map { s|/|%2F|g; $_; }
1399 ( scalar @args && ref $args[0] eq 'ARRAY'
1403 foreach my $capture (@$captures) {
1404 utf8::encode($capture) if utf8::is_utf8($capture);
1405 $capture =~ s/([^$URI::uric])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1409 # ->uri_for( $action, \@captures_and_args, \%query_values? )
1410 if( !@args && $action->number_of_args ) {
1411 my $expanded_action = $c->dispatcher->expand_action( $action );
1413 my $num_captures = $expanded_action->number_of_captures;
1414 unshift @args, splice @$captures, $num_captures;
1417 $path = $c->dispatcher->uri_for_action($action, $captures);
1418 if (not defined $path) {
1419 $c->log->debug(qq/Can't find uri_for action '$action' @$captures/)
1423 $path = '/' if $path eq '';
1426 unshift(@args, $path);
1428 unless (defined $path && $path =~ s!^/!!) { # in-place strip
1429 my $namespace = $c->namespace;
1430 if (defined $path) { # cheesy hack to handle path '../foo'
1431 $namespace =~ s{(?:^|/)[^/]+$}{} while $args[0] =~ s{^\.\./}{};
1433 unshift(@args, $namespace || '');
1436 # join args with '/', or a blank string
1437 my $args = join('/', grep { defined($_) } @args);
1438 $args =~ s/\?/%3F/g; # STUPID STUPID SPECIAL CASE
1441 my ($base, $class) = ('/', 'URI::_generic');
1443 $base = $c->req->base;
1444 $class = ref($base);
1445 $base =~ s{(?<!/)$}{/};
1450 if (my @keys = keys %$params) {
1451 # somewhat lifted from URI::_query's query_form
1452 $query = '?'.join('&', map {
1453 my $val = $params->{$_};
1454 s/([;\/?:@&=+,\$\[\]%])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1457 $val = '' unless defined $val;
1460 utf8::encode( $param ) if utf8::is_utf8($param);
1461 # using the URI::Escape pattern here so utf8 chars survive
1462 $param =~ s/([^A-Za-z0-9\-_.!~*'() ])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1464 "${key}=$param"; } ( ref $val eq 'ARRAY' ? @$val : $val ));
1468 my $res = bless(\"${base}${args}${query}", $class);
1472 =head2 $c->uri_for_action( $path, \@captures_and_args?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1474 =head2 $c->uri_for_action( $action, \@captures_and_args?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1480 A private path to the Catalyst action you want to create a URI for.
1482 This is a shortcut for calling C<< $c->dispatcher->get_action_by_path($path)
1483 >> and passing the resulting C<$action> and the remaining arguments to C<<
1486 You can also pass in a Catalyst::Action object, in which case it is passed to
1489 Note that although the path looks like a URI that dispatches to the wanted action, it is not a URI, but an internal path to that action.
1491 For example, if the action looks like:
1493 package MyApp::Controller::Users;
1495 sub lst : Path('the-list') {}
1499 $c->uri_for_action('/users/lst')
1501 and it will create the URI /users/the-list.
1503 =item \@captures_and_args?
1505 Optional array reference of Captures (i.e. C<<CaptureArgs or $c->req->captures>)
1506 and arguments to the request. Usually used with L<Catalyst::DispatchType::Chained>
1507 to interpolate all the parameters in the URI.
1511 Optional list of extra arguments - can be supplied in the
1512 C<< \@captures_and_args? >> array ref, or here - whichever is easier for your
1515 Your action can have zero, a fixed or a variable number of args (e.g.
1516 C<< Args(1) >> for a fixed number or C<< Args() >> for a variable number)..
1518 =item \%query_values?
1520 Optional array reference of query parameters to append. E.g.
1526 /rest/of/your/uri?foo=bar
1532 sub uri_for_action {
1533 my ( $c, $path, @args ) = @_;
1534 my $action = blessed($path)
1536 : $c->dispatcher->get_action_by_path($path);
1537 unless (defined $action) {
1538 croak "Can't find action for path '$path'";
1540 return $c->uri_for( $action, @args );
1543 =head2 $c->welcome_message
1545 Returns the Catalyst welcome HTML page.
1549 sub welcome_message {
1551 my $name = $c->config->{name};
1552 my $logo = $c->uri_for('/static/images/catalyst_logo.png');
1553 my $prefix = Catalyst::Utils::appprefix( ref $c );
1554 $c->response->content_type('text/html; charset=utf-8');
1556 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
1557 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
1558 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
1560 <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en" />
1561 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
1562 <title>$name on Catalyst $VERSION</title>
1563 <style type="text/css">
1566 background-color: #eee;
1573 margin-bottom: 10px;
1575 background-color: #ccc;
1576 border: 1px solid #aaa;
1581 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
1584 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
1587 text-decoration: none;
1589 border-bottom: 1px dotted #bbb;
1591 :link:hover, :visited:hover {
1604 background-color: #fff;
1605 border: 1px solid #aaa;
1609 font-weight: normal;
1631 <h1><span id="appname">$name</span> on <a href="http://catalyst.perl.org">Catalyst</a>
1636 <img src="$logo" alt="Catalyst Logo" />
1638 <p>Welcome to the world of Catalyst.
1639 This <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MVC">MVC</a>
1640 framework will make web development something you had
1641 never expected it to be: Fun, rewarding, and quick.</p>
1642 <h2>What to do now?</h2>
1643 <p>That really depends on what <b>you</b> want to do.
1644 We do, however, provide you with a few starting points.</p>
1645 <p>If you want to jump right into web development with Catalyst
1646 you might want to start with a tutorial.</p>
1647 <pre>perldoc <a href="https://metacpan.org/module/Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial">Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial</a></code>
1649 <p>Afterwards you can go on to check out a more complete look at our features.</p>
1651 <code>perldoc <a href="https://metacpan.org/module/Catalyst::Manual::Intro">Catalyst::Manual::Intro</a>
1652 <!-- Something else should go here, but the Catalyst::Manual link seems unhelpful -->
1654 <h2>What to do next?</h2>
1655 <p>Next it's time to write an actual application. Use the
1656 helper scripts to generate <a href="https://metacpan.org/search?q=Catalyst%3A%3AController">controllers</a>,
1657 <a href="https://metacpan.org/search?q=Catalyst%3A%3AModel">models</a>, and
1658 <a href="https://metacpan.org/search?q=Catalyst%3A%3AView">views</a>;
1659 they can save you a lot of work.</p>
1660 <pre><code>script/${prefix}_create.pl --help</code></pre>
1661 <p>Also, be sure to check out the vast and growing
1662 collection of <a href="http://search.cpan.org/search?query=Catalyst">plugins for Catalyst on CPAN</a>;
1663 you are likely to find what you need there.
1667 <p>Catalyst has a very active community. Here are the main places to
1668 get in touch with us.</p>
1671 <a href="http://dev.catalyst.perl.org">Wiki</a>
1674 <a href="http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst">Mailing-List</a>
1677 <a href="irc://irc.perl.org/catalyst">IRC channel #catalyst on irc.perl.org</a>
1680 <h2>In conclusion</h2>
1681 <p>The Catalyst team hopes you will enjoy using Catalyst as much
1682 as we enjoyed making it. Please contact us if you have ideas
1683 for improvement or other feedback.</p>
1693 Contains a hash of options passed from the application script, including
1694 the original ARGV the script received, the processed values from that
1695 ARGV and any extra arguments to the script which were not processed.
1697 This can be used to add custom options to your application's scripts
1698 and setup your application differently depending on the values of these
1701 =head1 INTERNAL METHODS
1703 These methods are not meant to be used by end users.
1705 =head2 $c->components
1707 Returns a hash of components.
1709 =head2 $c->context_class
1711 Returns or sets the context class.
1715 Returns a hashref containing coderefs and execution counts (needed for
1716 deep recursion detection).
1720 Returns the number of actions on the current internal execution stack.
1724 Dispatches a request to actions.
1728 sub dispatch { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->dispatch( $c, @_ ) }
1730 =head2 $c->dispatcher_class
1732 Returns or sets the dispatcher class.
1734 =head2 $c->dump_these
1736 Returns a list of 2-element array references (name, structure) pairs
1737 that will be dumped on the error page in debug mode.
1743 [ Request => $c->req ],
1744 [ Response => $c->res ],
1745 [ Stash => $c->stash ],
1746 [ Config => $c->config ];
1749 =head2 $c->engine_class
1751 Returns or sets the engine class.
1753 =head2 $c->execute( $class, $coderef )
1755 Execute a coderef in given class and catch exceptions. Errors are available
1761 my ( $c, $class, $code ) = @_;
1762 $class = $c->component($class) || $class;
1765 if ( $c->depth >= $RECURSION ) {
1766 my $action = $code->reverse();
1767 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /->/;
1768 my $error = qq/Deep recursion detected calling "${action}"/;
1769 $c->log->error($error);
1775 my $stats_info = $c->_stats_start_execute( $code ) if $c->use_stats;
1777 push( @{ $c->stack }, $code );
1779 no warnings 'recursion';
1780 # N.B. This used to be combined, but I have seen $c get clobbered if so, and
1781 # I have no idea how, ergo $ret (which appears to fix the issue)
1782 eval { my $ret = $code->execute( $class, $c, @{ $c->req->args } ) || 0; $c->state( $ret ) };
1784 $c->_stats_finish_execute( $stats_info ) if $c->use_stats and $stats_info;
1786 my $last = pop( @{ $c->stack } );
1788 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1789 #rethow if this can be handled by middleware
1790 if(blessed $error && ($error->can('as_psgi') || $error->can('code'))) {
1791 foreach my $err (@{$c->error}) {
1792 $c->log->error($err);
1795 $c->log->_flush if $c->log->can('_flush');
1797 $error->can('rethrow') ? $error->rethrow : croak $error;
1799 if ( blessed($error) and $error->isa('Catalyst::Exception::Detach') ) {
1800 $error->rethrow if $c->depth > 1;
1802 elsif ( blessed($error) and $error->isa('Catalyst::Exception::Go') ) {
1803 $error->rethrow if $c->depth > 0;
1806 unless ( ref $error ) {
1807 no warnings 'uninitialized';
1809 my $class = $last->class;
1810 my $name = $last->name;
1811 $error = qq/Caught exception in $class->$name "$error"/;
1820 sub _stats_start_execute {
1821 my ( $c, $code ) = @_;
1822 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
1823 return if ( ( $code->name =~ /^_.*/ )
1824 && ( !$appclass->config->{show_internal_actions} ) );
1826 my $action_name = $code->reverse();
1827 $c->counter->{$action_name}++;
1829 my $action = $action_name;
1830 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /->/;
1832 # determine if the call was the result of a forward
1833 # this is done by walking up the call stack and looking for a calling
1834 # sub of Catalyst::forward before the eval
1836 for my $index ( 2 .. 11 ) {
1838 if ( ( caller($index) )[0] eq 'Catalyst'
1839 && ( caller($index) )[3] eq '(eval)' );
1841 if ( ( caller($index) )[3] =~ /forward$/ ) {
1842 $callsub = ( caller($index) )[3];
1843 $action = "-> $action";
1848 my $uid = $action_name . $c->counter->{$action_name};
1850 # is this a root-level call or a forwarded call?
1851 if ( $callsub =~ /forward$/ ) {
1852 my $parent = $c->stack->[-1];
1854 # forward, locate the caller
1855 if ( defined $parent && exists $c->counter->{"$parent"} ) {
1858 parent => "$parent" . $c->counter->{"$parent"},
1864 # forward with no caller may come from a plugin
1883 sub _stats_finish_execute {
1884 my ( $c, $info ) = @_;
1885 $c->stats->profile( end => $info );
1890 Finalizes the request.
1897 for my $error ( @{ $c->error } ) {
1898 $c->log->error($error);
1901 # Support skipping finalize for psgix.io style 'jailbreak'. Used to support
1902 # stuff like cometd and websockets
1904 if($c->request->_has_io_fh) {
1909 # Allow engine to handle finalize flow (for POE)
1910 my $engine = $c->engine;
1911 if ( my $code = $engine->can('finalize') ) {
1916 $c->finalize_uploads;
1919 if ( $#{ $c->error } >= 0 ) {
1923 $c->finalize_encoding;
1924 $c->finalize_headers unless $c->response->finalized_headers;
1930 if ($c->use_stats) {
1931 my $elapsed = $c->stats->elapsed;
1932 my $av = $elapsed == 0 ? '??' : sprintf '%.3f', 1 / $elapsed;
1934 "Request took ${elapsed}s ($av/s)\n" . $c->stats->report . "\n" );
1937 return $c->response->status;
1940 =head2 $c->finalize_body
1946 sub finalize_body { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_body( $c, @_ ) }
1948 =head2 $c->finalize_cookies
1954 sub finalize_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_cookies( $c, @_ ) }
1956 =head2 $c->finalize_error
1958 Finalizes error. If there is only one error in L</error> and it is an object that
1959 does C<as_psgi> or C<code> we rethrow the error and presume it caught by middleware
1960 up the ladder. Otherwise we return the debugging error page (in debug mode) or we
1961 return the default error page (production mode).
1965 sub finalize_error {
1967 if($#{$c->error} > 0) {
1968 $c->engine->finalize_error( $c, @_ );
1970 my ($error) = @{$c->error};
1973 ($error->can('as_psgi') || $error->can('code'))
1975 # In the case where the error 'knows what it wants', becauses its PSGI
1976 # aware, just rethow and let middleware catch it
1977 $error->can('rethrow') ? $error->rethrow : croak $error;
1979 $c->engine->finalize_error( $c, @_ )
1984 =head2 $c->finalize_headers
1990 sub finalize_headers {
1993 my $response = $c->response; #accessor calls can add up?
1995 # Check if we already finalized headers
1996 return if $response->finalized_headers;
1999 if ( my $location = $response->redirect ) {
2000 $c->log->debug(qq/Redirecting to "$location"/) if $c->debug;
2001 $response->header( Location => $location );
2004 # Remove incorrectly added body and content related meta data when returning
2005 # an information response, or a response the is required to not include a body
2007 $c->finalize_cookies;
2009 $c->response->finalize_headers();
2012 $response->finalized_headers(1);
2015 =head2 $c->finalize_encoding
2017 Make sure your headers and body are encoded properly IF you set an encoding.
2022 sub finalize_encoding {
2025 my $body = $c->response->body;
2027 return unless defined($body);
2029 my $enc = $c->encoding;
2033 my ($ct, $ct_enc) = $c->response->content_type;
2035 # Only touch 'text-like' contents
2036 return unless $c->response->content_type =~ /^text|xml$|javascript$/;
2038 if ($ct_enc && $ct_enc =~ /charset=([^;]*)/) {
2039 if (uc($1) ne uc($enc->mime_name)) {
2040 $c->log->debug("Unicode::Encoding is set to encode in '" .
2042 "', content type is '$1', not encoding ");
2046 $c->res->content_type($c->res->content_type . "; charset=" . $enc->mime_name);
2049 # Oh my, I wonder what filehandle responses and streams do... - jnap.
2050 # Encode expects plain scalars (IV, NV or PV) and segfaults on ref's
2051 $c->response->body( $c->encoding->encode( $body, $c->_encode_check ) )
2052 if ref(\$body) eq 'SCALAR';
2055 =head2 $c->finalize_output
2057 An alias for finalize_body.
2059 =head2 $c->finalize_read
2061 Finalizes the input after reading is complete.
2065 sub finalize_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_read( $c, @_ ) }
2067 =head2 $c->finalize_uploads
2069 Finalizes uploads. Cleans up any temporary files.
2073 sub finalize_uploads { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_uploads( $c, @_ ) }
2075 =head2 $c->get_action( $action, $namespace )
2077 Gets an action in a given namespace.
2081 sub get_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_action(@_) }
2083 =head2 $c->get_actions( $action, $namespace )
2085 Gets all actions of a given name in a namespace and all parent
2090 sub get_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_actions( $c, @_ ) }
2092 =head2 $app->handle_request( @arguments )
2094 Called to handle each HTTP request.
2098 sub handle_request {
2099 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
2101 # Always expect worst case!
2104 if ($class->debug) {
2105 my $secs = time - $START || 1;
2106 my $av = sprintf '%.3f', $COUNT / $secs;
2107 my $time = localtime time;
2108 $class->log->info("*** Request $COUNT ($av/s) [$$] [$time] ***");
2111 my $c = $class->prepare(@arguments);
2113 $status = $c->finalize;
2115 #rethow if this can be handled by middleware
2116 if(blessed $_ && ($_->can('as_psgi') || $_->can('code'))) {
2117 $_->can('rethrow') ? $_->rethrow : croak $_;
2119 chomp(my $error = $_);
2120 $class->log->error(qq/Caught exception in engine "$error"/);
2125 if(my $coderef = $class->log->can('_flush')){
2126 $class->log->$coderef();
2131 =head2 $class->prepare( @arguments )
2133 Creates a Catalyst context from an engine-specific request (Apache, CGI,
2140 predicate => '_has_uploadtmp',
2144 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
2147 # After the app/ctxt split, this should become an attribute based on something passed
2148 # into the application.
2149 $class->context_class( ref $class || $class ) unless $class->context_class;
2151 my $uploadtmp = $class->config->{uploadtmp};
2152 my $c = $class->context_class->new({ $uploadtmp ? (_uploadtmp => $uploadtmp) : ()});
2154 $c->response->_context($c);
2156 #surely this is not the most efficient way to do things...
2157 $c->stats($class->stats_class->new)->enable($c->use_stats);
2158 if ( $c->debug || $c->config->{enable_catalyst_header} ) {
2159 $c->res->headers->header( 'X-Catalyst' => $Catalyst::VERSION );
2163 # Allow engine to direct the prepare flow (for POE)
2164 if ( my $prepare = $c->engine->can('prepare') ) {
2165 $c->engine->$prepare( $c, @arguments );
2168 $c->prepare_request(@arguments);
2169 $c->prepare_connection;
2170 $c->prepare_query_parameters;
2171 $c->prepare_headers; # Just hooks, no longer needed - they just
2172 $c->prepare_cookies; # cause the lazy attribute on req to build
2175 # Prepare the body for reading, either by prepare_body
2176 # or the user, if they are using $c->read
2179 # Parse the body unless the user wants it on-demand
2180 unless ( ref($c)->config->{parse_on_demand} ) {
2186 # VERY ugly and probably shouldn't rely on ->finalize actually working
2188 # failed prepare is always due to an invalid request, right?
2189 $c->response->status(400);
2190 $c->response->content_type('text/plain');
2191 $c->response->body('Bad Request');
2192 # Note we call finalize and then die here, which escapes
2193 # finalize being called in the enclosing block..
2194 # It in fact couldn't be called, as we don't return $c..
2195 # This is a mess - but I'm unsure you can fix this without
2196 # breaking compat for people doing crazy things (we should set
2197 # the 400 and just return the ctx here IMO, letting finalize get called
2208 =head2 $c->prepare_action
2210 Prepares action. See L<Catalyst::Dispatcher>.
2214 sub prepare_action {
2216 my $ret = $c->dispatcher->prepare_action( $c, @_);
2219 foreach (@{$c->req->arguments}, @{$c->req->captures}) {
2220 $_ = $c->_handle_param_unicode_decoding($_);
2228 =head2 $c->prepare_body
2230 Prepares message body.
2237 return if $c->request->_has_body;
2239 # Initialize on-demand data
2240 $c->engine->prepare_body( $c, @_ );
2241 $c->prepare_parameters;
2242 $c->prepare_uploads;
2245 =head2 $c->prepare_body_chunk( $chunk )
2247 Prepares a chunk of data before sending it to L<HTTP::Body>.
2249 See L<Catalyst::Engine>.
2253 sub prepare_body_chunk {
2255 $c->engine->prepare_body_chunk( $c, @_ );
2258 =head2 $c->prepare_body_parameters
2260 Prepares body parameters.
2264 sub prepare_body_parameters {
2266 $c->engine->prepare_body_parameters( $c, @_ );
2269 =head2 $c->prepare_connection
2271 Prepares connection.
2275 sub prepare_connection {
2277 $c->request->prepare_connection($c);
2280 =head2 $c->prepare_cookies
2282 Prepares cookies by ensuring that the attribute on the request
2283 object has been built.
2287 sub prepare_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->request->cookies }
2289 =head2 $c->prepare_headers
2291 Prepares request headers by ensuring that the attribute on the request
2292 object has been built.
2296 sub prepare_headers { my $c = shift; $c->request->headers }
2298 =head2 $c->prepare_parameters
2300 Prepares parameters.
2304 sub prepare_parameters {
2306 $c->prepare_body_parameters;
2307 $c->engine->prepare_parameters( $c, @_ );
2310 =head2 $c->prepare_path
2312 Prepares path and base.
2316 sub prepare_path { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_path( $c, @_ ) }
2318 =head2 $c->prepare_query_parameters
2320 Prepares query parameters.
2324 sub prepare_query_parameters {
2327 $c->engine->prepare_query_parameters( $c, @_ );
2330 =head2 $c->log_request
2332 Writes information about the request to the debug logs. This includes:
2336 =item * Request method, path, and remote IP address
2338 =item * Query keywords (see L<Catalyst::Request/query_keywords>)
2340 =item * Request parameters
2342 =item * File uploads
2351 return unless $c->debug;
2353 my($dump) = grep {$_->[0] eq 'Request' } $c->dump_these;
2354 my $request = $dump->[1];
2356 my ( $method, $path, $address ) = ( $request->method, $request->path, $request->address );
2358 $path = '/' unless length $path;
2360 $c->log->debug(qq/"$method" request for "$path" from "$address"/);
2362 $c->log_request_headers($request->headers);
2364 if ( my $keywords = $request->query_keywords ) {
2365 $c->log->debug("Query keywords are: $keywords");
2368 $c->log_request_parameters( query => $request->query_parameters, $request->_has_body ? (body => $request->body_parameters) : () );
2370 $c->log_request_uploads($request);
2373 =head2 $c->log_response
2375 Writes information about the response to the debug logs by calling
2376 C<< $c->log_response_status_line >> and C<< $c->log_response_headers >>.
2383 return unless $c->debug;
2385 my($dump) = grep {$_->[0] eq 'Response' } $c->dump_these;
2386 my $response = $dump->[1];
2388 $c->log_response_status_line($response);
2389 $c->log_response_headers($response->headers);
2392 =head2 $c->log_response_status_line($response)
2394 Writes one line of information about the response to the debug logs. This includes:
2398 =item * Response status code
2400 =item * Content-Type header (if present)
2402 =item * Content-Length header (if present)
2408 sub log_response_status_line {
2409 my ($c, $response) = @_;
2413 'Response Code: %s; Content-Type: %s; Content-Length: %s',
2414 $response->status || 'unknown',
2415 $response->headers->header('Content-Type') || 'unknown',
2416 $response->headers->header('Content-Length') || 'unknown'
2421 =head2 $c->log_response_headers($headers);
2423 Hook method which can be wrapped by plugins to log the response headers.
2424 No-op in the default implementation.
2428 sub log_response_headers {}
2430 =head2 $c->log_request_parameters( query => {}, body => {} )
2432 Logs request parameters to debug logs
2436 sub log_request_parameters {
2438 my %all_params = @_;
2440 return unless $c->debug;
2442 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 44;
2443 foreach my $type (qw(query body)) {
2444 my $params = $all_params{$type};
2445 next if ! keys %$params;
2446 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 35, 'Parameter' ], [ $column_width, 'Value' ] );
2447 for my $key ( sort keys %$params ) {
2448 my $param = $params->{$key};
2449 my $value = defined($param) ? $param : '';
2450 $t->row( $key, ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ? ( join ', ', @$value ) : $value );
2452 $c->log->debug( ucfirst($type) . " Parameters are:\n" . $t->draw );
2456 =head2 $c->log_request_uploads
2458 Logs file uploads included in the request to the debug logs.
2459 The parameter name, filename, file type, and file size are all included in
2464 sub log_request_uploads {
2466 my $request = shift;
2467 return unless $c->debug;
2468 my $uploads = $request->uploads;
2469 if ( keys %$uploads ) {
2470 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new(
2471 [ 12, 'Parameter' ],
2476 for my $key ( sort keys %$uploads ) {
2477 my $upload = $uploads->{$key};
2478 for my $u ( ref $upload eq 'ARRAY' ? @{$upload} : ($upload) ) {
2479 $t->row( $key, $u->filename, $u->type, $u->size );
2482 $c->log->debug( "File Uploads are:\n" . $t->draw );
2486 =head2 $c->log_request_headers($headers);
2488 Hook method which can be wrapped by plugins to log the request headers.
2489 No-op in the default implementation.
2493 sub log_request_headers {}
2495 =head2 $c->log_headers($type => $headers)
2497 Logs L<HTTP::Headers> (either request or response) to the debug logs.
2504 my $headers = shift; # an HTTP::Headers instance
2506 return unless $c->debug;
2508 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 28;
2509 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 15, 'Header Name' ], [ $column_width, 'Value' ] );
2512 my ( $name, $value ) = @_;
2513 $t->row( $name, $value );
2516 $c->log->debug( ucfirst($type) . " Headers:\n" . $t->draw );
2520 =head2 $c->prepare_read
2522 Prepares the input for reading.
2526 sub prepare_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_read( $c, @_ ) }
2528 =head2 $c->prepare_request
2530 Prepares the engine request.
2534 sub prepare_request { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_request( $c, @_ ) }
2536 =head2 $c->prepare_uploads
2542 sub prepare_uploads {
2544 $c->engine->prepare_uploads( $c, @_ );
2546 my $enc = $c->encoding;
2549 # Uggg we hook prepare uploads to do the encoding crap on post and query
2550 # parameters! Sorry -jnap
2551 for my $key (qw/ parameters query_parameters body_parameters /) {
2552 for my $value ( values %{ $c->request->{$key} } ) {
2553 # N.B. Check if already a character string and if so do not try to double decode.
2554 # http://www.mail-archive.com/catalyst@lists.scsys.co.uk/msg02350.html
2555 # this avoids exception if we have already decoded content, and is _not_ the
2556 # same as not encoding on output which is bad news (as it does the wrong thing
2557 # for latin1 chars for example)..
2558 $value = $c->_handle_unicode_decoding($value);
2561 for my $value ( values %{ $c->request->uploads } ) {
2562 # skip if it fails for uploads, as we don't usually want uploads touched
2564 for my $inner_value ( ref($value) eq 'ARRAY' ? @{$value} : $value ) {
2565 $inner_value->{filename} = try {
2566 $enc->decode( $inner_value->{filename}, $c->_encode_check )
2568 $c->handle_unicode_encoding_exception({
2569 param_value => $inner_value->{filename},
2571 encoding_step => 'uploads',
2578 =head2 $c->prepare_write
2580 Prepares the output for writing.
2584 sub prepare_write { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_write( $c, @_ ) }
2586 =head2 $c->request_class
2588 Returns or sets the request class. Defaults to L<Catalyst::Request>.
2590 =head2 $c->response_class
2592 Returns or sets the response class. Defaults to L<Catalyst::Response>.
2594 =head2 $c->read( [$maxlength] )
2596 Reads a chunk of data from the request body. This method is designed to
2597 be used in a while loop, reading C<$maxlength> bytes on every call.
2598 C<$maxlength> defaults to the size of the request if not specified.
2600 You have to set C<< MyApp->config(parse_on_demand => 1) >> to use this
2603 Warning: If you use read(), Catalyst will not process the body,
2604 so you will not be able to access POST parameters or file uploads via
2605 $c->request. You must handle all body parsing yourself.
2609 sub read { my $c = shift; return $c->request->read( @_ ) }
2619 $app->_make_immutable_if_needed;
2620 $app->engine_loader->needs_psgi_engine_compat_hack ?
2621 $app->engine->run($app, @_) :
2622 $app->engine->run( $app, $app->_finalized_psgi_app, @_ );
2625 sub _make_immutable_if_needed {
2627 my $meta = find_meta($class);
2628 my $isa_ca = $class->isa('Class::Accessor::Fast') || $class->isa('Class::Accessor');
2631 && ! { $meta->immutable_options }->{replace_constructor}
2634 warn("You made your application class ($class) immutable, "
2635 . "but did not inline the\nconstructor. "
2636 . "This will break catalyst, as your app \@ISA "
2637 . "Class::Accessor(::Fast)?\nPlease pass "
2638 . "(replace_constructor => 1)\nwhen making your class immutable.\n");
2640 unless ($meta->is_immutable) {
2641 # XXX - FIXME warning here as you should make your app immutable yourself.
2642 $meta->make_immutable(
2643 replace_constructor => 1,
2648 =head2 $c->set_action( $action, $code, $namespace, $attrs )
2650 Sets an action in a given namespace.
2654 sub set_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->set_action( $c, @_ ) }
2656 =head2 $c->setup_actions($component)
2658 Sets up actions for a component.
2662 sub setup_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->setup_actions( $c, @_ ) }
2664 =head2 $c->setup_components
2666 This method is called internally to set up the application's components.
2668 It finds modules by calling the L<locate_components> method, expands them to
2669 package names with the L<expand_component_module> method, and then installs
2670 each component into the application.
2672 The C<setup_components> config option is passed to both of the above methods.
2674 Installation of each component is performed by the L<setup_component> method,
2679 sub setup_components {
2682 my $config = $class->config->{ setup_components };
2684 my @comps = $class->locate_components($config);
2685 my %comps = map { $_ => 1 } @comps;
2687 my $deprecatedcatalyst_component_names = grep { /::[CMV]::/ } @comps;
2688 $class->log->warn(qq{Your application is using the deprecated ::[MVC]:: type naming scheme.\n}.
2689 qq{Please switch your class names to ::Model::, ::View:: and ::Controller: as appropriate.\n}
2690 ) if $deprecatedcatalyst_component_names;
2692 for my $component ( @comps ) {
2694 # We pass ignore_loaded here so that overlay files for (e.g.)
2695 # Model::DBI::Schema sub-classes are loaded - if it's in @comps
2696 # we know M::P::O found a file on disk so this is safe
2698 Catalyst::Utils::ensure_class_loaded( $component, { ignore_loaded => 1 } );
2701 for my $component (@comps) {
2702 my $instance = $class->components->{ $component } = $class->setup_component($component);
2703 my @expanded_components = $instance->can('expand_modules')
2704 ? $instance->expand_modules( $component, $config )
2705 : $class->expand_component_module( $component, $config );
2706 for my $component (@expanded_components) {
2707 next if $comps{$component};
2708 $class->components->{ $component } = $class->setup_component($component);
2713 =head2 $c->locate_components( $setup_component_config )
2715 This method is meant to provide a list of component modules that should be
2716 setup for the application. By default, it will use L<Module::Pluggable>.
2718 Specify a C<setup_components> config option to pass additional options directly
2719 to L<Module::Pluggable>. To add additional search paths, specify a key named
2720 C<search_extra> as an array reference. Items in the array beginning with C<::>
2721 will have the application class name prepended to them.
2725 sub locate_components {
2729 my @paths = qw( ::M ::Model ::V ::View ::C ::Controller );
2730 my $extra = delete $config->{ search_extra } || [];
2732 unshift @paths, @$extra;
2734 my @comps = map { sort { length($a) <=> length($b) } Module::Pluggable::Object->new(
2735 search_path => [ map { s/^(?=::)/$class/; $_; } ($_) ],
2737 )->plugins } @paths;
2742 =head2 $c->expand_component_module( $component, $setup_component_config )
2744 Components found by C<locate_components> will be passed to this method, which
2745 is expected to return a list of component (package) names to be set up.
2749 sub expand_component_module {
2750 my ($class, $module) = @_;
2751 return Devel::InnerPackage::list_packages( $module );
2754 =head2 $c->setup_component
2758 sub setup_component {
2759 my( $class, $component ) = @_;
2761 unless ( $component->can( 'COMPONENT' ) ) {
2765 my $suffix = Catalyst::Utils::class2classsuffix( $component );
2766 my $config = $class->config->{ $suffix } || {};
2767 # Stash catalyst_component_name in the config here, so that custom COMPONENT
2768 # methods also pass it. local to avoid pointlessly shitting in config
2769 # for the debug screen, as $component is already the key name.
2770 local $config->{catalyst_component_name} = $component;
2772 my $instance = eval { $component->COMPONENT( $class, $config ); };
2774 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
2776 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
2777 message => qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", "$error"/
2781 unless (blessed $instance) {
2782 my $metaclass = Moose::Util::find_meta($component);
2783 my $method_meta = $metaclass->find_method_by_name('COMPONENT');
2784 my $component_method_from = $method_meta->associated_metaclass->name;
2785 my $value = defined($instance) ? $instance : 'undef';
2786 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
2788 qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", COMPONENT() method (from $component_method_from) didn't return an object-like value (value was $value)./
2794 =head2 $c->setup_dispatcher
2800 sub setup_dispatcher {
2801 my ( $class, $dispatcher ) = @_;
2804 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $dispatcher;
2807 if ( my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'DISPATCHER' ) ) {
2808 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $env;
2811 unless ($dispatcher) {
2812 $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher_class;
2815 load_class($dispatcher);
2817 # dispatcher instance
2818 $class->dispatcher( $dispatcher->new );
2821 =head2 $c->setup_engine
2828 my ($class, $requested_engine) = @_;
2830 if (!$class->engine_loader || $requested_engine) {
2831 $class->engine_loader(
2832 Catalyst::EngineLoader->new({
2833 application_name => $class,
2834 (defined $requested_engine
2835 ? (catalyst_engine_class => $requested_engine) : ()),
2840 $class->engine_loader->catalyst_engine_class;
2844 my ($class, $requested_engine) = @_;
2847 my $loader = $class->engine_loader;
2849 if (!$loader || $requested_engine) {
2850 $loader = Catalyst::EngineLoader->new({
2851 application_name => $class,
2852 (defined $requested_engine
2853 ? (requested_engine => $requested_engine) : ()),
2856 $class->engine_loader($loader);
2859 $loader->catalyst_engine_class;
2862 # Don't really setup_engine -- see _setup_psgi_app for explanation.
2863 return if $class->loading_psgi_file;
2865 load_class($engine);
2867 if ($ENV{MOD_PERL}) {
2868 my $apache = $class->engine_loader->auto;
2870 my $meta = find_meta($class);
2871 my $was_immutable = $meta->is_immutable;
2872 my %immutable_options = $meta->immutable_options;
2873 $meta->make_mutable if $was_immutable;
2875 $meta->add_method(handler => sub {
2877 my $psgi_app = $class->_finalized_psgi_app;
2878 $apache->call_app($r, $psgi_app);
2881 $meta->make_immutable(%immutable_options) if $was_immutable;
2884 $class->engine( $engine->new );
2889 ## This exists just to supply a prebuild psgi app for mod_perl and for the
2890 ## build in server support (back compat support for pre psgi port behavior).
2891 ## This is so that we don't build a new psgi app for each request when using
2892 ## the mod_perl handler or the built in servers (http and fcgi, etc).
2894 sub _finalized_psgi_app {
2897 unless ($app->_psgi_app) {
2898 my $psgi_app = $app->_setup_psgi_app;
2899 $app->_psgi_app($psgi_app);
2902 return $app->_psgi_app;
2905 ## Look for a psgi file like 'myapp_web.psgi' (if the app is MyApp::Web) in the
2906 ## home directory and load that and return it (just assume it is doing the
2907 ## right thing :) ). If that does not exist, call $app->psgi_app, wrap that
2908 ## in default_middleware and return it ( this is for backward compatibility
2909 ## with pre psgi port behavior ).
2911 sub _setup_psgi_app {
2914 for my $home (Path::Class::Dir->new($app->config->{home})) {
2915 my $psgi_file = $home->file(
2916 Catalyst::Utils::appprefix($app) . '.psgi',
2919 next unless -e $psgi_file;
2921 # If $psgi_file calls ->setup_engine, it's doing so to load
2922 # Catalyst::Engine::PSGI. But if it does that, we're only going to
2923 # throw away the loaded PSGI-app and load the 5.9 Catalyst::Engine
2924 # anyway. So set a flag (ick) that tells setup_engine not to populate
2925 # $c->engine or do any other things we might regret.
2927 $app->loading_psgi_file(1);
2928 my $psgi_app = Plack::Util::load_psgi($psgi_file);
2929 $app->loading_psgi_file(0);
2932 unless $app->engine_loader->needs_psgi_engine_compat_hack;
2935 Found a legacy Catalyst::Engine::PSGI .psgi file at ${psgi_file}.
2937 Its content has been ignored. Please consult the Catalyst::Upgrading
2938 documentation on how to upgrade from Catalyst::Engine::PSGI.
2942 return $app->apply_default_middlewares($app->psgi_app);
2945 =head2 $c->apply_default_middlewares
2947 Adds the following L<Plack> middlewares to your application, since they are
2948 useful and commonly needed:
2950 L<Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy>, (conditionally added based on the status
2951 of your $ENV{REMOTE_ADDR}, and can be forced on with C<using_frontend_proxy>
2952 or forced off with C<ignore_frontend_proxy>), L<Plack::Middleware::LighttpdScriptNameFix>
2953 (if you are using Lighttpd), L<Plack::Middleware::IIS6ScriptNameFix> (always
2954 applied since this middleware is smart enough to conditionally apply itself).
2956 Additionally if we detect we are using Nginx, we add a bit of custom middleware
2957 to solve some problems with the way that server handles $ENV{PATH_INFO} and
2963 sub apply_default_middlewares {
2964 my ($app, $psgi_app) = @_;
2966 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::Conditional->wrap(
2968 builder => sub { Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy->wrap($_[0]) },
2971 return if $app->config->{ignore_frontend_proxy};
2972 return $env->{REMOTE_ADDR} eq '127.0.0.1'
2973 || $app->config->{using_frontend_proxy};
2977 # If we're running under Lighttpd, swap PATH_INFO and SCRIPT_NAME
2978 # http://lists.scsys.co.uk/pipermail/catalyst/2006-June/008361.html
2979 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::Conditional->wrap(
2981 builder => sub { Plack::Middleware::LighttpdScriptNameFix->wrap($_[0]) },
2984 return unless $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} && $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} =~ m!lighttpd[-/]1\.(\d+\.\d+)!;
2985 return unless $1 < 4.23;
2990 # we're applying this unconditionally as the middleware itself already makes
2991 # sure it doesn't fuck things up if it's not running under one of the right
2993 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::IIS6ScriptNameFix->wrap($psgi_app);
2995 # And another IIS issue, this time with IIS7.
2996 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::Conditional->wrap(
2998 builder => sub { Plack::Middleware::IIS7KeepAliveFix->wrap($_[0]) },
3001 return $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} && $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} =~ m!IIS/7\.[0-9]!;
3008 =head2 App->psgi_app
3012 Returns a PSGI application code reference for the catalyst application
3013 C<$c>. This is the bare application without any middlewares
3014 applied. C<${myapp}.psgi> is not taken into account.
3016 This is what you want to be using to retrieve the PSGI application code
3017 reference of your Catalyst application for use in F<.psgi> files.
3021 *to_app = \&psgi_app;
3025 my $psgi = $app->engine->build_psgi_app($app);
3026 return $app->Catalyst::Utils::apply_registered_middleware($psgi);
3029 =head2 $c->setup_home
3031 Sets up the home directory.
3036 my ( $class, $home ) = @_;
3038 if ( my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'HOME' ) ) {
3042 $home ||= Catalyst::Utils::home($class);
3045 #I remember recently being scolded for assigning config values like this
3046 $class->config->{home} ||= $home;
3047 $class->config->{root} ||= Path::Class::Dir->new($home)->subdir('root');
3051 =head2 $c->setup_encoding
3053 Sets up the input/output encoding. See L<ENCODING>
3057 sub setup_encoding {
3059 my $enc = delete $c->config->{encoding};
3060 $c->encoding( $enc ) if defined $enc;
3063 =head2 handle_unicode_encoding_exception
3065 Hook to let you customize how encoding errors are handled. By default
3066 we just throw an exception. Receives a hashref of debug information.
3069 $c->handle_unicode_encoding_exception({
3070 param_value => $value,
3072 encoding_step => 'params',
3077 sub handle_unicode_encoding_exception {
3078 my ( $self, $exception_ctx ) = @_;
3079 die $exception_ctx->{error_msg};
3082 # Some unicode helpers cargo culted from the old plugin. These could likely
3085 sub _handle_unicode_decoding {
3086 my ( $self, $value ) = @_;
3088 return unless defined $value;
3090 ## I think this mess is to support the old nested
3091 if ( ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ) {
3092 foreach ( @$value ) {
3093 $_ = $self->_handle_unicode_decoding($_);
3097 elsif ( ref $value eq 'HASH' ) {
3098 foreach ( values %$value ) {
3099 $_ = $self->_handle_unicode_decoding($_);
3104 return $self->_handle_param_unicode_decoding($value);
3108 sub _handle_param_unicode_decoding {
3109 my ( $self, $value ) = @_;
3110 return unless defined $value; # not in love with just ignoring undefs - jnap
3112 my $enc = $self->encoding;
3114 Encode::is_utf8( $value ) ?
3116 : $enc->decode( $value, $self->_encode_check );
3119 $self->handle_unicode_encoding_exception({
3120 param_value => $value,
3122 encoding_step => 'params',
3127 =head2 $c->setup_log
3129 Sets up log by instantiating a L<Catalyst::Log|Catalyst::Log> object and
3130 passing it to C<log()>. Pass in a comma-delimited list of levels to set the
3133 This method also installs a C<debug> method that returns a true value into the
3134 catalyst subclass if the "debug" level is passed in the comma-delimited list,
3135 or if the C<$CATALYST_DEBUG> environment variable is set to a true value.
3137 Note that if the log has already been setup, by either a previous call to
3138 C<setup_log> or by a call such as C<< __PACKAGE__->log( MyLogger->new ) >>,
3139 that this method won't actually set up the log object.
3144 my ( $class, $levels ) = @_;
3147 $levels =~ s/^\s+//;
3148 $levels =~ s/\s+$//;
3149 my %levels = map { $_ => 1 } split /\s*,\s*/, $levels;
3151 my $env_debug = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'DEBUG' );
3152 if ( defined $env_debug ) {
3153 $levels{debug} = 1 if $env_debug; # Ugly!
3154 delete($levels{debug}) unless $env_debug;
3157 unless ( $class->log ) {
3158 $class->log( Catalyst::Log->new(keys %levels) );
3161 if ( $levels{debug} ) {
3162 Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class)->add_method('debug' => sub { 1 });
3163 $class->log->debug('Debug messages enabled');
3167 =head2 $c->setup_plugins
3173 =head2 $c->setup_stats
3175 Sets up timing statistics class.
3180 my ( $class, $stats ) = @_;
3182 Catalyst::Utils::ensure_class_loaded($class->stats_class);
3184 my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'STATS' );
3185 if ( defined($env) ? $env : ($stats || $class->debug ) ) {
3186 Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class)->add_method('use_stats' => sub { 1 });
3187 $class->log->debug('Statistics enabled');
3192 =head2 $c->registered_plugins
3194 Returns a sorted list of the plugins which have either been stated in the
3197 If passed a given plugin name, it will report a boolean value indicating
3198 whether or not that plugin is loaded. A fully qualified name is required if
3199 the plugin name does not begin with C<Catalyst::Plugin::>.
3201 if ($c->registered_plugins('Some::Plugin')) {
3209 sub registered_plugins {
3211 return sort keys %{ $proto->_plugins } unless @_;
3213 return 1 if exists $proto->_plugins->{$plugin};
3214 return exists $proto->_plugins->{"Catalyst::Plugin::$plugin"};
3217 sub _register_plugin {
3218 my ( $proto, $plugin, $instant ) = @_;
3219 my $class = ref $proto || $proto;
3221 load_class( $plugin );
3222 $class->log->warn( "$plugin inherits from 'Catalyst::Component' - this is deprecated and will not work in 5.81" )
3223 if $plugin->isa( 'Catalyst::Component' );
3224 my $plugin_meta = Moose::Meta::Class->create($plugin);
3225 if (!$plugin_meta->has_method('new')
3226 && ( $plugin->isa('Class::Accessor::Fast') || $plugin->isa('Class::Accessor') ) ) {
3227 $plugin_meta->add_method('new', Moose::Object->meta->get_method('new'))
3229 if (!$instant && !$proto->_plugins->{$plugin}) {
3230 my $meta = Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class);
3231 $meta->superclasses($plugin, $meta->superclasses);
3233 $proto->_plugins->{$plugin} = 1;
3237 sub _default_plugins { return qw() }
3240 my ( $class, $plugins ) = @_;
3242 $class->_plugins( {} ) unless $class->_plugins;
3244 m/Unicode::Encoding/ ? do {
3246 'Unicode::Encoding plugin is auto-applied,'
3247 . ' please remove this from your appclass'
3248 . ' and make sure to define "encoding" config'
3250 unless (exists $class->config->{'encoding'}) {
3251 $class->config->{'encoding'} = 'UTF-8';
3256 push @$plugins, $class->_default_plugins;
3257 $plugins = Data::OptList::mkopt($plugins || []);
3260 [ Catalyst::Utils::resolve_namespace(
3261 $class . '::Plugin',
3262 'Catalyst::Plugin', $_->[0]
3268 for my $plugin ( reverse @plugins ) {
3269 load_class($plugin->[0], $plugin->[1]);
3270 my $meta = find_meta($plugin->[0]);
3271 next if $meta && $meta->isa('Moose::Meta::Role');
3273 $class->_register_plugin($plugin->[0]);
3277 map { $_->[0]->name, $_->[1] }
3278 grep { blessed($_->[0]) && $_->[0]->isa('Moose::Meta::Role') }
3279 map { [find_meta($_->[0]), $_->[1]] }
3282 Moose::Util::apply_all_roles(
3288 =head2 registered_middlewares
3290 Read only accessor that returns an array of all the middleware in the order
3291 that they were added (which is the REVERSE of the order they will be applied).
3293 The values returned will be either instances of L<Plack::Middleware> or of a
3294 compatible interface, or a coderef, which is assumed to be inlined middleware
3296 =head2 setup_middleware (?@middleware)
3298 Read configuration information stored in configuration key C<psgi_middleware> or
3301 See under L</CONFIGURATION> information regarding C<psgi_middleware> and how
3302 to use it to enable L<Plack::Middleware>
3304 This method is automatically called during 'setup' of your application, so
3305 you really don't need to invoke it. However you may do so if you find the idea
3306 of loading middleware via configuration weird :). For example:
3312 __PACKAGE__->setup_middleware('Head');
3315 When we read middleware definitions from configuration, we reverse the list
3316 which sounds odd but is likely how you expect it to work if you have prior
3317 experience with L<Plack::Builder> or if you previously used the plugin
3318 L<Catalyst::Plugin::EnableMiddleware> (which is now considered deprecated)
3320 So basically your middleware handles an incoming request from the first
3321 registered middleware, down and handles the response from the last middleware
3326 sub registered_middlewares {
3328 if(my $middleware = $class->_psgi_middleware) {
3330 Catalyst::Middleware::Stash->new,
3331 Plack::Middleware::HTTPExceptions->new,
3332 Plack::Middleware::RemoveRedundantBody->new,
3333 Plack::Middleware::FixMissingBodyInRedirect->new,
3334 Plack::Middleware::ContentLength->new,
3335 Plack::Middleware::MethodOverride->new,
3336 Plack::Middleware::Head->new,
3339 die "You cannot call ->registered_middlewares until middleware has been setup";
3343 sub setup_middleware {
3345 my @middleware_definitions = @_ ?
3346 reverse(@_) : reverse(@{$class->config->{'psgi_middleware'}||[]});
3348 my @middleware = ();
3349 while(my $next = shift(@middleware_definitions)) {
3351 if(Scalar::Util::blessed $next && $next->can('wrap')) {
3352 push @middleware, $next;
3353 } elsif(ref $next eq 'CODE') {
3354 push @middleware, $next;
3355 } elsif(ref $next eq 'HASH') {
3356 my $namespace = shift @middleware_definitions;
3357 my $mw = $class->Catalyst::Utils::build_middleware($namespace, %$next);
3358 push @middleware, $mw;
3360 die "I can't handle middleware definition ${\ref $next}";
3363 my $mw = $class->Catalyst::Utils::build_middleware($next);
3364 push @middleware, $mw;
3368 my @existing = @{$class->_psgi_middleware || []};
3369 $class->_psgi_middleware([@middleware,@existing,]);
3372 =head2 registered_data_handlers
3374 A read only copy of registered Data Handlers returned as a Hash, where each key
3375 is a content type and each value is a subref that attempts to decode that content
3378 =head2 setup_data_handlers (?@data_handler)
3380 Read configuration information stored in configuration key C<data_handlers> or
3383 See under L</CONFIGURATION> information regarding C<data_handlers>.
3385 This method is automatically called during 'setup' of your application, so
3386 you really don't need to invoke it.
3388 =head2 default_data_handlers
3390 Default Data Handlers that come bundled with L<Catalyst>. Currently there are
3391 only two default data handlers, for 'application/json' and an alternative to
3392 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' which supposed nested form parameters via
3393 L<CGI::Struct> or via L<CGI::Struct::XS> IF you've installed it.
3395 The 'application/json' data handler is used to parse incoming JSON into a Perl
3396 data structure. It used either L<JSON::MaybeXS> or L<JSON>, depending on which
3397 is installed. This allows you to fail back to L<JSON:PP>, which is a Pure Perl
3398 JSON decoder, and has the smallest dependency impact.
3400 Because we don't wish to add more dependencies to L<Catalyst>, if you wish to
3401 use this new feature we recommend installing L<JSON> or L<JSON::MaybeXS> in
3402 order to get the best performance. You should add either to your dependency
3403 list (Makefile.PL, dist.ini, cpanfile, etc.)
3407 sub registered_data_handlers {
3409 if(my $data_handlers = $class->_data_handlers) {
3410 return %$data_handlers;
3412 $class->setup_data_handlers;
3413 return $class->registered_data_handlers;
3417 sub setup_data_handlers {
3418 my ($class, %data_handler_callbacks) = @_;
3419 %data_handler_callbacks = (
3420 %{$class->default_data_handlers},
3421 %{$class->config->{'data_handlers'}||+{}},
3422 %data_handler_callbacks);
3424 $class->_data_handlers(\%data_handler_callbacks);
3427 sub default_data_handlers {
3430 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' => sub {
3431 my ($fh, $req) = @_;
3432 my $params = $req->_use_hash_multivalue ? $req->body_parameters->mixed : $req->body_parameters;
3433 Class::Load::load_first_existing_class('CGI::Struct::XS', 'CGI::Struct')
3434 ->can('build_cgi_struct')->($params);
3436 'application/json' => sub {
3437 Class::Load::load_first_existing_class('JSON::MaybeXS', 'JSON')
3438 ->can('decode_json')->(do { local $/; $_->getline });
3445 Returns an arrayref of the internal execution stack (actions that are
3446 currently executing).
3450 Returns the current timing statistics object. By default Catalyst uses
3451 L<Catalyst::Stats|Catalyst::Stats>, but can be set otherwise with
3452 L<< stats_class|/"$c->stats_class" >>.
3454 Even if L<< -Stats|/"-Stats" >> is not enabled, the stats object is still
3455 available. By enabling it with C< $c->stats->enabled(1) >, it can be used to
3456 profile explicitly, although MyApp.pm still won't profile nor output anything
3459 =head2 $c->stats_class
3461 Returns or sets the stats (timing statistics) class. L<Catalyst::Stats|Catalyst::Stats> is used by default.
3463 =head2 $c->use_stats
3465 Returns 1 when L<< stats collection|/"-Stats" >> is enabled.
3467 Note that this is a static method, not an accessor and should be overridden
3468 by declaring C<sub use_stats { 1 }> in your MyApp.pm, not by calling C<< $c->use_stats(1) >>.
3475 =head2 $c->write( $data )
3477 Writes $data to the output stream. When using this method directly, you
3478 will need to manually set the C<Content-Length> header to the length of
3479 your output data, if known.
3486 # Finalize headers if someone manually writes output (for compat)
3487 $c->finalize_headers;
3489 return $c->response->write( @_ );
3494 Returns the Catalyst version number. Mostly useful for "powered by"
3495 messages in template systems.
3499 sub version { return $Catalyst::VERSION }
3501 =head1 CONFIGURATION
3503 There are a number of 'base' config variables which can be set:
3509 C<default_model> - The default model picked if you say C<< $c->model >>. See L<< /$c->model($name) >>.
3513 C<default_view> - The default view to be rendered or returned when C<< $c->view >> is called. See L<< /$c->view($name) >>.
3517 C<disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback> - Turns
3518 off the deprecated component resolution functionality so
3519 that if any of the component methods (e.g. C<< $c->controller('Foo') >>)
3520 are called then regex search will not be attempted on string values and
3521 instead C<undef> will be returned.
3525 C<home> - The application home directory. In an uninstalled application,
3526 this is the top level application directory. In an installed application,
3527 this will be the directory containing C<< MyApp.pm >>.
3531 C<ignore_frontend_proxy> - See L</PROXY SUPPORT>
3535 C<name> - The name of the application in debug messages and the debug and
3540 C<parse_on_demand> - The request body (for example file uploads) will not be parsed
3541 until it is accessed. This allows you to (for example) check authentication (and reject
3542 the upload) before actually receiving all the data. See L</ON-DEMAND PARSER>
3546 C<root> - The root directory for templates. Usually this is just a
3547 subdirectory of the home directory, but you can set it to change the
3548 templates to a different directory.
3552 C<search_extra> - Array reference passed to Module::Pluggable to for additional
3553 namespaces from which components will be loaded (and constructed and stored in
3554 C<< $c->components >>).
3558 C<show_internal_actions> - If true, causes internal actions such as C<< _DISPATCH >>
3559 to be shown in hit debug tables in the test server.
3563 C<use_request_uri_for_path> - Controls if the C<REQUEST_URI> or C<PATH_INFO> environment
3564 variable should be used for determining the request path.
3566 Most web server environments pass the requested path to the application using environment variables,
3567 from which Catalyst has to reconstruct the request base (i.e. the top level path to / in the application,
3568 exposed as C<< $c->request->base >>) and the request path below that base.
3570 There are two methods of doing this, both of which have advantages and disadvantages. Which method is used
3571 is determined by the C<< $c->config(use_request_uri_for_path) >> setting (which can either be true or false).
3575 =item use_request_uri_for_path => 0
3577 This is the default (and the) traditional method that Catalyst has used for determining the path information.
3578 The path is generated from a combination of the C<PATH_INFO> and C<SCRIPT_NAME> environment variables.
3579 The allows the application to behave correctly when C<mod_rewrite> is being used to redirect requests
3580 into the application, as these variables are adjusted by mod_rewrite to take account for the redirect.
3582 However this method has the major disadvantage that it is impossible to correctly decode some elements
3583 of the path, as RFC 3875 says: "C<< Unlike a URI path, the PATH_INFO is not URL-encoded, and cannot
3584 contain path-segment parameters. >>" This means PATH_INFO is B<always> decoded, and therefore Catalyst
3585 can't distinguish / vs %2F in paths (in addition to other encoded values).
3587 =item use_request_uri_for_path => 1
3589 This method uses the C<REQUEST_URI> and C<SCRIPT_NAME> environment variables. As C<REQUEST_URI> is never
3590 decoded, this means that applications using this mode can correctly handle URIs including the %2F character
3591 (i.e. with C<AllowEncodedSlashes> set to C<On> in Apache).
3593 Given that this method of path resolution is provably more correct, it is recommended that you use
3594 this unless you have a specific need to deploy your application in a non-standard environment, and you are
3595 aware of the implications of not being able to handle encoded URI paths correctly.
3597 However it also means that in a number of cases when the app isn't installed directly at a path, but instead
3598 is having paths rewritten into it (e.g. as a .cgi/fcgi in a public_html directory, with mod_rewrite in a
3599 .htaccess file, or when SSI is used to rewrite pages into the app, or when sub-paths of the app are exposed
3600 at other URIs than that which the app is 'normally' based at with C<mod_rewrite>), the resolution of
3601 C<< $c->request->base >> will be incorrect.
3607 C<using_frontend_proxy> - See L</PROXY SUPPORT>.
3611 C<encoding> - See L</ENCODING>
3615 C<abort_chain_on_error_fix>
3617 When there is an error in an action chain, the default behavior is to continue
3618 processing the remaining actions and then catch the error upon chain end. This
3619 can lead to running actions when the application is in an unexpected state. If
3620 you have this issue, setting this config value to true will promptly exit a
3621 chain when there is an error raised in any action (thus terminating the chain
3626 __PACKAGE__->config(abort_chain_on_error_fix => 1);
3628 In the future this might become the default behavior.
3632 C<use_hash_multivalue_in_request>
3634 In L<Catalyst::Request> the methods C<query_parameters>, C<body_parametes>
3635 and C<parameters> return a hashref where values might be scalar or an arrayref
3636 depending on the incoming data. In many cases this can be undesirable as it
3637 leads one to writing defensive code like the following:
3639 my ($val) = ref($c->req->parameters->{a}) ?
3640 @{$c->req->parameters->{a}} :
3641 $c->req->parameters->{a};
3643 Setting this configuration item to true will make L<Catalyst> populate the
3644 attributes underlying these methods with an instance of L<Hash::MultiValue>
3645 which is used by L<Plack::Request> and others to solve this very issue. You
3646 may prefer this behavior to the default, if so enable this option (be warned
3647 if you enable it in a legacy application we are not sure if it is completely
3648 backwardly compatible).
3652 C<psgi_middleware> - See L<PSGI MIDDLEWARE>.
3656 C<data_handlers> - See L<DATA HANDLERS>.
3662 Generally when you throw an exception inside an Action (or somewhere in
3663 your stack, such as in a model that an Action is calling) that exception
3664 is caught by Catalyst and unless you either catch it yourself (via eval
3665 or something like L<Try::Tiny> or by reviewing the L</error> stack, it
3666 will eventually reach L</finalize_errors> and return either the debugging
3667 error stack page, or the default error page. However, if your exception
3668 can be caught by L<Plack::Middleware::HTTPExceptions>, L<Catalyst> will
3669 instead rethrow it so that it can be handled by that middleware (which
3670 is part of the default middleware). For example this would allow
3672 use HTTP::Throwable::Factory 'http_throw';
3674 sub throws_exception :Local {
3675 my ($self, $c) = @_;
3677 http_throw(SeeOther => { location =>
3678 $c->uri_for($self->action_for('redirect')) });
3682 =head1 INTERNAL ACTIONS
3684 Catalyst uses internal actions like C<_DISPATCH>, C<_BEGIN>, C<_AUTO>,
3685 C<_ACTION>, and C<_END>. These are by default not shown in the private
3686 action table, but you can make them visible with a config parameter.
3688 MyApp->config(show_internal_actions => 1);
3690 =head1 ON-DEMAND PARSER
3692 The request body is usually parsed at the beginning of a request,
3693 but if you want to handle input yourself, you can enable on-demand
3694 parsing with a config parameter.
3696 MyApp->config(parse_on_demand => 1);
3698 =head1 PROXY SUPPORT
3700 Many production servers operate using the common double-server approach,
3701 with a lightweight frontend web server passing requests to a larger
3702 backend server. An application running on the backend server must deal
3703 with two problems: the remote user always appears to be C<127.0.0.1> and
3704 the server's hostname will appear to be C<localhost> regardless of the
3705 virtual host that the user connected through.
3707 Catalyst will automatically detect this situation when you are running
3708 the frontend and backend servers on the same machine. The following
3709 changes are made to the request.
3711 $c->req->address is set to the user's real IP address, as read from
3712 the HTTP X-Forwarded-For header.
3714 The host value for $c->req->base and $c->req->uri is set to the real
3715 host, as read from the HTTP X-Forwarded-Host header.
3717 Additionally, you may be running your backend application on an insecure
3718 connection (port 80) while your frontend proxy is running under SSL. If there
3719 is a discrepancy in the ports, use the HTTP header C<X-Forwarded-Port> to
3720 tell Catalyst what port the frontend listens on. This will allow all URIs to
3721 be created properly.
3723 In the case of passing in:
3725 X-Forwarded-Port: 443
3727 All calls to C<uri_for> will result in an https link, as is expected.
3729 Obviously, your web server must support these headers for this to work.
3731 In a more complex server farm environment where you may have your
3732 frontend proxy server(s) on different machines, you will need to set a
3733 configuration option to tell Catalyst to read the proxied data from the
3736 MyApp->config(using_frontend_proxy => 1);
3738 If you do not wish to use the proxy support at all, you may set:
3740 MyApp->config(ignore_frontend_proxy => 0);
3742 =head2 Note about psgi files
3744 Note that if you supply your own .psgi file, calling
3745 C<< MyApp->psgi_app(@_); >>, then B<this will not happen automatically>.
3747 You either need to apply L<Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy> yourself
3748 in your psgi, for example:
3751 enable "Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy";
3755 This will unconditionally add the ReverseProxy support, or you need to call
3756 C<< $app = MyApp->apply_default_middlewares($app) >> (to conditionally
3757 apply the support depending upon your config).
3759 See L<Catalyst::PSGI> for more information.
3761 =head1 THREAD SAFETY
3763 Catalyst has been tested under Apache 2's threading C<mpm_worker>,
3764 C<mpm_winnt>, and the standalone forking HTTP server on Windows. We
3765 believe the Catalyst core to be thread-safe.
3767 If you plan to operate in a threaded environment, remember that all other
3768 modules you are using must also be thread-safe. Some modules, most notably
3769 L<DBD::SQLite>, are not thread-safe.
3771 =head1 DATA HANDLERS
3773 The L<Catalyst::Request> object uses L<HTTP::Body> to populate 'classic' HTML
3774 form parameters and URL search query fields. However it has become common
3775 for various alternative content types to be PUT or POSTed to your controllers
3776 and actions. People working on RESTful APIs, or using AJAX often use JSON,
3777 XML and other content types when communicating with an application server. In
3778 order to better support this use case, L<Catalyst> defines a global configuration
3779 option, C<data_handlers>, which lets you associate a content type with a coderef
3780 that parses that content type into something Perl can readily access.
3787 __PACKAGE__->config(
3789 'application/json' => sub { local $/; decode_json $_->getline },
3791 ## Any other configuration.
3796 By default L<Catalyst> comes with a generic JSON data handler similar to the
3797 example given above, which uses L<JSON::Maybe> to provide either L<JSON::PP>
3798 (a pure Perl, dependency free JSON parser) or L<Cpanel::JSON::XS> if you have
3799 it installed (if you want the faster XS parser, add it to you project Makefile.PL
3800 or dist.ini, cpanfile, etc.)
3802 The C<data_handlers> configuration is a hashref whose keys are HTTP Content-Types
3803 (matched against the incoming request type using a regexp such as to be case
3804 insensitive) and whose values are coderefs that receive a localized version of
3805 C<$_> which is a filehandle object pointing to received body.
3807 This feature is considered an early access release and we reserve the right
3808 to alter the interface in order to provide a performant and secure solution to
3809 alternative request body content. Your reports welcomed!
3811 =head1 PSGI MIDDLEWARE
3813 You can define middleware, defined as L<Plack::Middleware> or a compatible
3814 interface in configuration. Your middleware definitions are in the form of an
3815 arrayref under the configuration key C<psgi_middleware>. Here's an example
3816 with details to follow:
3821 use Plack::Middleware::StackTrace;
3823 my $stacktrace_middleware = Plack::Middleware::StackTrace->new;
3825 __PACKAGE__->config(
3826 'psgi_middleware', [
3829 $stacktrace_middleware,
3830 'Session' => {store => 'File'},
3835 $env->{myapp.customkey} = 'helloworld';
3844 So the general form is:
3846 __PACKAGE__->config(psgi_middleware => \@middleware_definitions);
3848 Where C<@middleware> is one or more of the following, applied in the REVERSE of
3849 the order listed (to make it function similarly to L<Plack::Builder>:
3851 Alternatively, you may also define middleware by calling the L</setup_middleware>
3858 __PACKAGE__->setup_middleware( \@middleware_definitions);
3861 In the case where you do both (use 'setup_middleware' and configuration) the
3862 package call to setup_middleware will be applied earlier (in other words its
3863 middleware will wrap closer to the application). Keep this in mind since in
3864 some cases the order of middleware is important.
3866 The two approaches are not exclusive.
3870 =item Middleware Object
3872 An already initialized object that conforms to the L<Plack::Middleware>
3875 my $stacktrace_middleware = Plack::Middleware::StackTrace->new;
3877 __PACKAGE__->config(
3878 'psgi_middleware', [
3879 $stacktrace_middleware,
3885 A coderef that is an inlined middleware:
3887 __PACKAGE__->config(
3888 'psgi_middleware', [
3893 if($env->{PATH_INFO} =~m/forced/) {
3895 ->new(file=>TestApp->path_to(qw/share static forced.txt/))
3898 return $app->($env);
3908 We assume the scalar refers to a namespace after normalizing it using the
3911 (1) If the scalar is prefixed with a "+" (as in C<+MyApp::Foo>) then the full string
3912 is assumed to be 'as is', and we just install and use the middleware.
3914 (2) If the scalar begins with "Plack::Middleware" or your application namespace
3915 (the package name of your Catalyst application subclass), we also assume then
3916 that it is a full namespace, and use it.
3918 (3) Lastly, we then assume that the scalar is a partial namespace, and attempt to
3919 resolve it first by looking for it under your application namespace (for example
3920 if you application is "MyApp::Web" and the scalar is "MyMiddleware", we'd look
3921 under "MyApp::Web::Middleware::MyMiddleware") and if we don't find it there, we
3922 will then look under the regular L<Plack::Middleware> namespace (i.e. for the
3923 previous we'd try "Plack::Middleware::MyMiddleware"). We look under your application
3924 namespace first to let you 'override' common L<Plack::Middleware> locally, should
3925 you find that a good idea.
3931 __PACKAGE__->config(
3932 'psgi_middleware', [
3933 'Debug', ## MyAppWeb::Middleware::Debug->wrap or Plack::Middleware::Debug->wrap
3934 'Plack::Middleware::Stacktrace', ## Plack::Middleware::Stacktrace->wrap
3935 '+MyApp::Custom', ## MyApp::Custom->wrap
3939 =item a scalar followed by a hashref
3941 Just like the previous, except the following C<HashRef> is used as arguments
3942 to initialize the middleware object.
3944 __PACKAGE__->config(
3945 'psgi_middleware', [
3946 'Session' => {store => 'File'},
3951 Please see L<PSGI> for more on middleware.
3955 On request, decodes all params from encoding into a sequence of
3956 logical characters. On response, encodes body into encoding.
3964 Returns an instance of an C<Encode> encoding
3966 print $c->encoding->name
3968 =item handle_unicode_encoding_exception ($exception_context)
3970 Method called when decoding process for a request fails.
3972 An C<$exception_context> hashref is provided to allow you to override the
3973 behaviour of your application when given data with incorrect encodings.
3975 The default method throws exceptions in the case of invalid request parameters
3976 (resulting in a 500 error), but ignores errors in upload filenames.
3978 The keys passed in the C<$exception_context> hash are:
3984 The value which was not able to be decoded.
3988 The exception received from L<Encode>.
3992 What type of data was being decoded. Valid values are (currently)
3993 C<params> - for request parameters / arguments / captures
3994 and C<uploads> - for request upload filenames.
4004 Join #catalyst on irc.perl.org.
4008 http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst
4009 http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst-dev
4013 http://catalyst.perl.org
4017 http://dev.catalyst.perl.org
4021 =head2 L<Task::Catalyst> - All you need to start with Catalyst
4023 =head2 L<Catalyst::Manual> - The Catalyst Manual
4025 =head2 L<Catalyst::Component>, L<Catalyst::Controller> - Base classes for components
4027 =head2 L<Catalyst::Engine> - Core engine
4029 =head2 L<Catalyst::Log> - Log class.
4031 =head2 L<Catalyst::Request> - Request object
4033 =head2 L<Catalyst::Response> - Response object
4035 =head2 L<Catalyst::Test> - The test suite.
4037 =head1 PROJECT FOUNDER
4039 sri: Sebastian Riedel <sri@cpan.org>
4045 acme: Leon Brocard <leon@astray.com>
4047 abraxxa: Alexander Hartmaier <abraxxa@cpan.org>
4051 Andrew Ford E<lt>A.Ford@ford-mason.co.ukE<gt>
4055 andyg: Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
4057 audreyt: Audrey Tang
4059 bricas: Brian Cassidy <bricas@cpan.org>
4061 Caelum: Rafael Kitover <rkitover@io.com>
4063 chansen: Christian Hansen
4065 chicks: Christopher Hicks
4067 Chisel Wright C<pause@herlpacker.co.uk>
4069 Danijel Milicevic C<me@danijel.de>
4071 David Kamholz E<lt>dkamholz@cpan.orgE<gt>
4073 David Naughton, C<naughton@umn.edu>
4077 dhoss: Devin Austin <dhoss@cpan.org>
4079 dkubb: Dan Kubb <dan.kubb-cpan@onautopilot.com>
4083 dwc: Daniel Westermann-Clark <danieltwc@cpan.org>
4085 esskar: Sascha Kiefer
4087 fireartist: Carl Franks <cfranks@cpan.org>
4089 frew: Arthur Axel "fREW" Schmidt <frioux@gmail.com>
4091 gabb: Danijel Milicevic
4095 Gavin Henry C<ghenry@perl.me.uk>
4099 groditi: Guillermo Roditi <groditi@gmail.com>
4101 hobbs: Andrew Rodland <andrew@cleverdomain.org>
4103 ilmari: Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker <ilmari@ilmari.org>
4105 jcamacho: Juan Camacho
4107 jester: Jesse Sheidlower C<jester@panix.com>
4109 jhannah: Jay Hannah <jay@jays.net>
4115 jon: Jon Schutz <jjschutz@cpan.org>
4117 Jonathan Rockway C<< <jrockway@cpan.org> >>
4119 Kieren Diment C<kd@totaldatasolution.com>
4121 konobi: Scott McWhirter <konobi@cpan.org>
4123 marcus: Marcus Ramberg <mramberg@cpan.org>
4125 miyagawa: Tatsuhiko Miyagawa <miyagawa@bulknews.net>
4127 mgrimes: Mark Grimes <mgrimes@cpan.org>
4129 mst: Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
4133 naughton: David Naughton
4135 ningu: David Kamholz <dkamholz@cpan.org>
4137 nothingmuch: Yuval Kogman <nothingmuch@woobling.org>
4139 numa: Dan Sully <daniel@cpan.org>
4145 omega: Andreas Marienborg
4147 Oleg Kostyuk <cub.uanic@gmail.com>
4149 phaylon: Robert Sedlacek <phaylon@dunkelheit.at>
4151 rafl: Florian Ragwitz <rafl@debian.org>
4153 random: Roland Lammel <lammel@cpan.org>
4155 Robert Sedlacek C<< <rs@474.at> >>
4157 SpiceMan: Marcel Montes
4161 szbalint: Balint Szilakszi <szbalint@cpan.org>
4163 t0m: Tomas Doran <bobtfish@bobtfish.net>
4167 vanstyn: Henry Van Styn <vanstyn@cpan.org>
4169 Viljo Marrandi C<vilts@yahoo.com>
4171 Will Hawes C<info@whawes.co.uk>
4173 willert: Sebastian Willert <willert@cpan.org>
4175 wreis: Wallace Reis <wreis@cpan.org>
4177 Yuval Kogman, C<nothingmuch@woobling.org>
4179 rainboxx: Matthias Dietrich, C<perl@rainboxx.de>
4181 dd070: Dhaval Dhanani <dhaval070@gmail.com>
4183 Upasana <me@upasana.me>
4187 Copyright (c) 2005-2014, the above named PROJECT FOUNDER and CONTRIBUTORS.
4191 This library is free software. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
4192 the same terms as Perl itself.
4198 __PACKAGE__->meta->make_immutable;