4 use base 'Catalyst::Component';
6 use UNIVERSAL::require;
7 use Catalyst::Exception;
10 use Catalyst::Request::Upload;
11 use Catalyst::Response;
13 use Catalyst::Controller;
16 use Text::SimpleTable;
18 use Time::HiRes qw/gettimeofday tv_interval/;
20 use Scalar::Util qw/weaken/;
21 use Tree::Simple qw/use_weak_refs/;
22 use Tree::Simple::Visitor::FindByUID;
26 __PACKAGE__->mk_accessors(
27 qw/counter request response state action stack namespace/
30 attributes->import( __PACKAGE__, \&namespace, 'lvalue' );
32 sub depth { scalar @{ shift->stack || [] }; }
39 # For backwards compatibility
40 *finalize_output = \&finalize_body;
45 our $RECURSION = 1000;
46 our $DETACH = "catalyst_detach\n";
48 require Module::Pluggable::Fast;
50 # Helper script generation
51 our $CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN = 25;
53 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata($_)
54 for qw/components arguments dispatcher engine log dispatcher_class
55 engine_class context_class request_class response_class/;
57 __PACKAGE__->dispatcher_class('Catalyst::Dispatcher');
58 __PACKAGE__->engine_class('Catalyst::Engine::CGI');
59 __PACKAGE__->request_class('Catalyst::Request');
60 __PACKAGE__->response_class('Catalyst::Response');
62 our $VERSION = '5.62';
65 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
67 # We have to limit $class to Catalyst to avoid pushing Catalyst upon every
69 return unless $class eq 'Catalyst';
71 my $caller = caller(0);
73 unless ( $caller->isa('Catalyst') ) {
75 push @{"$caller\::ISA"}, $class, 'Catalyst::Controller';
78 $caller->arguments( [@arguments] );
84 Catalyst - The Elegant MVC Web Application Framework
88 # use the helper to start a new application
91 # add models, views, controllers
92 script/myapp_create.pl model Database DBIC dbi:SQLite:/path/to/db
93 script/myapp_create.pl view TT TT
94 script/myapp_create.pl controller Search
96 # built in testserver -- use -r to restart automatically on changes
97 script/myapp_server.pl
99 # command line testing interface
100 script/myapp_test.pl /yada
103 use Catalyst qw/-Debug/; # include plugins here as well
105 sub foo : Global { # called for /foo, /foo/1, /foo/1/2, etc.
106 my ( $self, $c, @args ) = @_; # args are qw/1 2/ for /foo/1/2
107 $c->stash->{template} = 'foo.tt'; # set the template
108 # lookup something from db -- stash vars are passed to TT
110 MyApp::Model::Database::Foo->search( { country => $args[0] } );
111 if ( $c->req->params->{bar} ) { # access GET or POST parameters
112 $c->forward( 'bar' ); # process another action
113 # do something else after forward returns
117 # The foo.tt TT template can use the stash data from the database
118 [% WHILE (item = data.next) %]
122 # called for /bar/of/soap, /bar/of/soap/10, etc.
123 sub bar : Path('/bar/of/soap') { ... }
125 # called for all actions, from the top-most controller downwards
127 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
129 $c->res->redirect( '/login' ); # require login
130 return 0; # abort request and go immediately to end()
132 return 1; # success; carry on to next action
135 # called after all actions are finished
137 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
138 if ( scalar @{ $c->error } ) { ... } # handle errors
139 return if $c->res->body; # already have a response
140 $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' ); # render template
143 ### in MyApp/Controller/Foo.pm
144 # called for /foo/bar
145 sub bar : Local { ... }
147 # called for /blargle
148 sub blargle : Global { ... }
150 # an index action matches /foo, but not /foo/1, etc.
151 sub index : Private { ... }
153 ### in MyApp/Controller/Foo/Bar.pm
154 # called for /foo/bar/baz
155 sub baz : Local { ... }
157 # first MyApp auto is called, then Foo auto, then this
158 sub auto : Private { ... }
160 # powerful regular expression paths are also possible
161 sub details : Regex('^product/(\w+)/details$') {
162 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
163 # extract the (\w+) from the URI
164 my $product = $c->req->snippets->[0];
167 See L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro> for additional information.
171 The key concept of Catalyst is DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself).
173 See L<Catalyst::Manual> for more documentation.
175 Catalyst plugins can be loaded by naming them as arguments to the "use
176 Catalyst" statement. Omit the C<Catalyst::Plugin::> prefix from the
177 plugin name, i.e., C<Catalyst::Plugin::My::Module> becomes
180 use Catalyst qw/My::Module/;
182 Special flags like C<-Debug> and C<-Engine> can also be specified as
183 arguments when Catalyst is loaded:
185 use Catalyst qw/-Debug My::Module/;
187 The position of plugins and flags in the chain is important, because
188 they are loaded in exactly the order in which they appear.
190 The following flags are supported:
194 Enables debug output.
198 Forces Catalyst to use a specific engine. Omit the
199 C<Catalyst::Engine::> prefix of the engine name, i.e.:
201 use Catalyst qw/-Engine=CGI/;
205 Forces Catalyst to use a specific home directory, e.g.:
207 use Catalyst qw[-Home=/usr/sri];
215 =head2 Information about the current request
219 Returns a L<Catalyst::Action> object for the current action, which
220 stringifies to the action name. See L<Catalyst::Action>.
224 Returns the namespace of the current action, i.e., the uri prefix
225 corresponding to the controller of the current action. For example:
227 # in Controller::Foo::Bar
228 $c->namespace; # returns 'foo/bar';
234 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Request> object. See
235 L<Catalyst::Request>.
237 =head2 Processing and response to the current request
239 =head2 $c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )
241 =head2 $c->forward( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
243 Forwards processing to a private action. If you give a class name but no
244 method, C<process()> is called. You may also optionally pass arguments
245 in an arrayref. The action will receive the arguments in C<@_> and
246 C<$c-E<gt>req-E<gt>args>. Upon returning from the function,
247 C<$c-E<gt>req-E<gt>args> will be restored to the previous values.
249 Any data C<return>ed from the action forwarded to, will be returned by the
252 my $foodata = $c->forward('/foo');
253 $c->forward('index');
254 $c->forward(qw/MyApp::Model::CDBI::Foo do_stuff/);
255 $c->forward('MyApp::View::TT');
259 sub forward { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->forward( $c, @_ ) }
261 =head2 $c->detach( $action [, \@arguments ] )
263 =head2 $c->detach( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
265 The same as C<forward>, but doesn't return.
269 sub detach { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->detach( $c, @_ ) }
273 =head2 $c->error($error, ...)
275 =head2 $c->error($arrayref)
277 Returns an arrayref containing error messages. If Catalyst encounters an
278 error while processing a request, it stores the error in $c->error. This
279 method should not be used to store non-fatal error messages.
281 my @error = @{ $c->error };
285 $c->error('Something bad happened');
287 Clear errors. You probably don't want to clear the errors unless you are
288 implementing a custom error screen.
297 my $error = ref $_[0] eq 'ARRAY' ? $_[0] : [@_];
298 push @{ $c->{error} }, @$error;
300 elsif ( defined $_[0] ) { $c->{error} = undef }
301 return $c->{error} || [];
308 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Response> object.
312 Returns a hashref to the stash, which may be used to store data and pass
313 it between components during a request. You can also set hash keys by
314 passing arguments. The stash is automatically sent to the view. The
315 stash is cleared at the end of a request; it cannot be used for
318 $c->stash->{foo} = $bar;
319 $c->stash( { moose => 'majestic', qux => 0 } );
320 $c->stash( bar => 1, gorch => 2 ); # equivalent to passing a hashref
322 # stash is automatically passed to the view for use in a template
323 $c->forward( 'MyApp::V::TT' );
330 my $stash = @_ > 1 ? {@_} : $_[0];
331 while ( my ( $key, $val ) = each %$stash ) {
332 $c->{stash}->{$key} = $val;
340 Contains the return value of the last executed action.
342 =head2 Component Accessors
344 =head2 $c->comp($name)
346 =head2 $c->component($name)
348 Gets a component object by name. This method is no longer recommended,
349 unless you want to get a specific component by full
350 class. C<$c-E<gt>controller>, C<$c-E<gt>model>, and C<$c-E<gt>view>
351 should be used instead.
362 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
365 $name, "${appclass}::${name}",
366 map { "${appclass}::${_}::${name}" }
367 qw/Model M Controller C View V/
370 foreach my $try (@names) {
372 if ( exists $c->components->{$try} ) {
374 my $comp = $c->components->{$try};
375 if ( ref $comp && $comp->can('ACCEPT_CONTEXT') ) {
376 return $comp->ACCEPT_CONTEXT($c);
378 else { return $comp }
382 foreach my $component ( keys %{ $c->components } ) {
384 $comp = $c->components->{$component} if $component =~ /$name/i;
386 if ( ref $comp && $comp->can('ACCEPT_CONTEXT') ) {
387 return $comp->ACCEPT_CONTEXT($c);
389 else { return $comp }
395 return sort keys %{ $c->components };
398 =head2 $c->controller($name)
400 Gets a L<Catalyst::Controller> instance by name.
402 $c->controller('Foo')->do_stuff;
407 my ( $c, $name ) = @_;
408 my $controller = $c->comp("Controller::$name");
409 return $controller if defined $controller;
410 return $c->comp("C::$name");
413 =head2 $c->model($name)
415 Gets a L<Catalyst::Model> instance by name.
417 $c->model('Foo')->do_stuff;
422 my ( $c, $name ) = @_;
423 my $model = $c->comp("Model::$name");
424 return $model if defined $model;
425 return $c->comp("M::$name");
428 =head2 $c->view($name)
430 Gets a L<Catalyst::View> instance by name.
432 $c->view('Foo')->do_stuff;
437 my ( $c, $name ) = @_;
438 my $view = $c->comp("View::$name");
439 return $view if defined $view;
440 return $c->comp("V::$name");
443 =head2 Class data and helper classes
447 Returns or takes a hashref containing the application's configuration.
449 __PACKAGE__->config({ db => 'dsn:SQLite:foo.db' });
451 You can also use a L<YAML> config file like myapp.yml in your
452 applications home directory.
455 db: dsn:SQLite:foo.db
459 Overload to enable debug messages (same as -Debug option).
465 =head2 $c->dispatcher
467 Returns the dispatcher instance. Stringifies to class name. See
468 L<Catalyst::Dispatcher>.
472 Returns the engine instance. Stringifies to the class name. See
477 Returns the logging object instance. Unless it is already set, Catalyst sets
478 this up with a L<Catalyst::Log> object. To use your own log class, set the
479 logger with the C<< __PACKAGE__->log >> method prior to calling
480 C<< __PACKAGE__->setup >>.
482 __PACKAGE__->log( MyLogger->new );
487 $c->log->info( 'Now logging with my own logger!' );
489 Your log class should implement the methods described in the
490 L<Catalyst::Log> man page.
494 =head2 Utility methods
496 =head2 $c->path_to(@path)
498 Merges C<@path> with C<$c-E<gt>config-E<gt>{home}> and returns a
499 L<Path::Class> object.
503 $c->path_to( 'db', 'sqlite.db' );
508 my ( $c, @path ) = @_;
509 my $path = dir( $c->config->{home}, @path );
510 if ( -d $path ) { return $path }
511 else { return file( $c->config->{home}, @path ) }
514 =head2 $c->plugin( $name, $class, @args )
516 Helper method for plugins. It creates a classdata accessor/mutator and
517 loads and instantiates the given class.
519 MyApp->plugin( 'prototype', 'HTML::Prototype' );
521 $c->prototype->define_javascript_functions;
526 my ( $class, $name, $plugin, @args ) = @_;
529 if ( my $error = $UNIVERSAL::require::ERROR ) {
530 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
531 message => qq/Couldn't load instant plugin "$plugin", "$error"/ );
534 eval { $plugin->import };
535 $class->mk_classdata($name);
537 eval { $obj = $plugin->new(@args) };
540 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
541 qq/Couldn't instantiate instant plugin "$plugin", "$@"/ );
545 $class->log->debug(qq/Initialized instant plugin "$plugin" as "$name"/)
551 Initializes the dispatcher and engine, loads any plugins, and loads the
552 model, view, and controller components. You may also specify an array
553 of plugins to load here, if you choose to not load them in the C<use
557 MyApp->setup( qw/-Debug/ );
562 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
564 unless ( $class->isa('Catalyst') ) {
566 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
567 message => qq/'$class' does not inherit from Catalyst/ );
570 if ( $class->arguments ) {
571 @arguments = ( @arguments, @{ $class->arguments } );
577 foreach (@arguments) {
581 ( $flags->{log} ) ? 'debug,' . $flags->{log} : 'debug';
583 elsif (/^-(\w+)=?(.*)$/) {
584 $flags->{ lc $1 } = $2;
587 push @{ $flags->{plugins} }, $_;
591 $class->setup_home( delete $flags->{home} );
593 # YAML config support
594 my $confpath = $class->config->{file}
596 ( Catalyst::Utils::appprefix( ref $class || $class ) . '.yml' ) );
598 $conf = YAML::LoadFile($confpath) if -f $confpath;
599 my $oldconf = $class->config;
600 $class->config( { %$oldconf, %$conf } );
602 $class->setup_log( delete $flags->{log} );
603 $class->setup_plugins( delete $flags->{plugins} );
604 $class->setup_dispatcher( delete $flags->{dispatcher} );
605 $class->setup_engine( delete $flags->{engine} );
607 for my $flag ( sort keys %{$flags} ) {
609 if ( my $code = $class->can( 'setup_' . $flag ) ) {
610 &$code( $class, delete $flags->{$flag} );
613 $class->log->warn(qq/Unknown flag "$flag"/);
618 <<"EOF") if ( $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} && ( $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} < $Catalyst::CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN ) );
619 You are running an old script!
621 Please update by running (this will overwrite existing files):
622 catalyst.pl -force -scripts $class
624 or (this will not overwrite existing files):
625 catalyst.pl -scripts $class
628 if ( $class->debug ) {
635 map { $_ . ' ' . ( $_->VERSION || '' ) }
636 grep { /^Catalyst::Plugin/ } @{"$class\::ISA"};
640 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new(76);
641 $t->row($_) for @plugins;
642 $class->log->debug( "Loaded plugins:\n" . $t->draw );
645 my $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher;
646 my $engine = $class->engine;
647 my $home = $class->config->{home};
649 $class->log->debug(qq/Loaded dispatcher "$dispatcher"/);
650 $class->log->debug(qq/Loaded engine "$engine"/);
654 ? $class->log->debug(qq/Found home "$home"/)
655 : $class->log->debug(qq/Home "$home" doesn't exist/)
656 : $class->log->debug(q/Couldn't find home/);
661 no warnings qw/redefine/;
662 local *setup = sub { };
666 # Initialize our data structure
667 $class->components( {} );
669 $class->setup_components;
671 if ( $class->debug ) {
672 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 65, 'Class' ], [ 8, 'Type' ] );
673 for my $comp ( sort keys %{ $class->components } ) {
674 my $type = ref $class->components->{$comp} ? 'instance' : 'class';
675 $t->row( $comp, $type );
677 $class->log->debug( "Loaded components:\n" . $t->draw )
678 if ( keys %{ $class->components } );
681 # Add our self to components, since we are also a component
682 $class->components->{$class} = $class;
684 $class->setup_actions;
686 if ( $class->debug ) {
687 my $name = $class->config->{name} || 'Application';
688 $class->log->info("$name powered by Catalyst $Catalyst::VERSION");
690 $class->log->_flush() if $class->log->can('_flush');
693 =head2 $c->uri_for( $path, [ @args ] )
695 Merges path with C<$c-E<gt>request-E<gt>base> for absolute uri's and
696 with C<$c-E<gt>namespace> for relative uri's, then returns a
697 normalized L<URI> object. If any args are passed, they are added at the
703 my ( $c, $path, @args ) = @_;
704 my $base = $c->request->base->clone;
705 my $basepath = $base->path;
706 $basepath =~ s/\/$//;
708 my $namespace = $c->namespace;
710 # massage namespace, empty if absolute path
711 $namespace =~ s/^\///;
712 $namespace .= '/' if $namespace;
714 $namespace = '' if $path =~ /^\//;
717 # join args with '/', or a blank string
718 my $args = ( scalar @args ? '/' . join( '/', @args ) : '' );
719 $args =~ s/^\/// unless $path;
721 URI->new_abs( URI->new_abs( "$path$args", "$basepath$namespace" ), $base )
726 =head2 $c->welcome_message
728 Returns the Catalyst welcome HTML page.
732 sub welcome_message {
734 my $name = $c->config->{name};
735 my $logo = $c->uri_for('/static/images/catalyst_logo.png');
736 my $prefix = Catalyst::Utils::appprefix( ref $c );
737 $c->response->content_type('text/html; charset=utf-8');
739 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
740 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
741 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
743 <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en" />
744 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
745 <title>$name on Catalyst $VERSION</title>
746 <style type="text/css">
749 background-color: #eee;
758 background-color: #ccc;
759 border: 1px solid #aaa;
760 -moz-border-radius: 10px;
765 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
768 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
771 text-decoration: none;
773 border-bottom: 1px dotted #bbb;
775 :link:hover, :visited:hover {
788 background-color: #fff;
789 border: 1px solid #aaa;
790 -moz-border-radius: 10px;
816 <h1><span id="appname">$name</span> on <a href="http://catalyst.perl.org">Catalyst</a>
821 <img src="$logo" alt="Catalyst Logo" />
823 <p>Welcome to the wonderful world of Catalyst.
824 This <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MVC">MVC</a>
825 framework will make web development something you had
826 never expected it to be: Fun, rewarding, and quick.</p>
827 <h2>What to do now?</h2>
828 <p>That really depends on what <b>you</b> want to do.
829 We do, however, provide you with a few starting points.</p>
830 <p>If you want to jump right into web development with Catalyst
831 you might want to check out the documentation.</p>
832 <pre><code>perldoc <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/dist/Catalyst/lib/Catalyst/Manual/Intro.pod">Catalyst::Manual::Intro</a>
833 perldoc <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/dist/Catalyst/lib/Catalyst/Manual/Tutorial.pod">Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial</a></code>
834 perldoc <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/dist/Catalyst/lib/Catalyst/Manual.pod">Catalyst::Manual</a></code></pre>
835 <h2>What to do next?</h2>
836 <p>Next it's time to write an actual application. Use the
837 helper scripts to generate <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AController%3A%3A&mode=all">controllers</a>,
838 <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AModel%3A%3A&mode=all">models</a>, and
839 <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AView%3A%3A&mode=all">views</a>;
840 they can save you a lot of work.</p>
841 <pre><code>script/${prefix}_create.pl -help</code></pre>
842 <p>Also, be sure to check out the vast and growing
843 collection of <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3APlugin%3A%3A&mode=all">plugins for Catalyst on CPAN</a>;
844 you are likely to find what you need there.
848 <p>Catalyst has a very active community. Here are the main places to
849 get in touch with us.</p>
852 <a href="http://dev.catalyst.perl.org">Wiki</a>
855 <a href="http://lists.rawmode.org/mailman/listinfo/catalyst">Mailing-List</a>
858 <a href="irc://irc.perl.org/catalyst">IRC channel #catalyst on irc.perl.org</a>
861 <h2>In conclusion</h2>
862 <p>The Catalyst team hopes you will enjoy using Catalyst as much
863 as we enjoyed making it. Please contact us if you have ideas
864 for improvement or other feedback.</p>
872 =head1 INTERNAL METHODS
874 These methods are not meant to be used by end users.
876 =head2 $c->components
878 Returns a hash of components.
880 =head2 $c->context_class
882 Returns or sets the context class.
886 Returns a hashref containing coderefs and execution counts (needed for
887 deep recursion detection).
891 Returns the number of actions on the current internal execution stack.
895 Dispatches a request to actions.
899 sub dispatch { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->dispatch( $c, @_ ) }
901 =head2 $c->dispatcher_class
903 Returns or sets the dispatcher class.
905 =head2 $c->dump_these
907 Returns a list of 2-element array references (name, structure) pairs
908 that will be dumped on the error page in debug mode.
914 [ Request => $c->req ], [ Response => $c->res ], [ Stash => $c->stash ],;
917 =head2 $c->engine_class
919 Returns or sets the engine class.
921 =head2 $c->execute( $class, $coderef )
923 Execute a coderef in given class and catch exceptions. Errors are available
929 my ( $c, $class, $code ) = @_;
930 $class = $c->component($class) || $class;
934 my $action = "$code";
935 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /\-\>/;
936 $c->counter->{"$code"}++;
938 if ( $c->counter->{"$code"} > $RECURSION ) {
939 my $error = qq/Deep recursion detected in "$action"/;
940 $c->log->error($error);
946 # determine if the call was the result of a forward
947 # this is done by walking up the call stack and looking for a calling
948 # sub of Catalyst::forward before the eval
950 for my $index ( 1 .. 10 ) {
952 if ( ( caller($index) )[0] eq 'Catalyst'
953 && ( caller($index) )[3] eq '(eval)' );
955 if ( ( caller($index) )[3] =~ /forward$/ ) {
956 $callsub = ( caller($index) )[3];
957 $action = "-> $action";
962 my $node = Tree::Simple->new(
965 elapsed => undef, # to be filled in later
968 $node->setUID( "$code" . $c->counter->{"$code"} );
970 unless ( ( $code->name =~ /^_.*/ )
971 && ( !$c->config->{show_internal_actions} ) )
974 # is this a root-level call or a forwarded call?
975 if ( $callsub =~ /forward$/ ) {
977 # forward, locate the caller
978 if ( my $parent = $c->stack->[-1] ) {
979 my $visitor = Tree::Simple::Visitor::FindByUID->new;
980 $visitor->searchForUID(
981 "$parent" . $c->counter->{"$parent"} );
982 $c->{stats}->accept($visitor);
983 if ( my $result = $visitor->getResult ) {
984 $result->addChild($node);
989 # forward with no caller may come from a plugin
990 $c->{stats}->addChild($node);
996 $c->{stats}->addChild($node);
1001 push( @{ $c->stack }, $code );
1004 $start = [gettimeofday] if $c->debug;
1005 eval { $c->state( &$code( $class, $c, @{ $c->req->args } ) || 0 ) };
1006 $elapsed = tv_interval($start) if $c->debug;
1009 unless ( ( $code->name =~ /^_.*/ )
1010 && ( !$c->config->{show_internal_actions} ) )
1013 # FindByUID uses an internal die, so we save the existing error
1016 # locate the node in the tree and update the elapsed time
1017 my $visitor = Tree::Simple::Visitor::FindByUID->new;
1018 $visitor->searchForUID( "$code" . $c->counter->{"$code"} );
1019 $c->{stats}->accept($visitor);
1020 if ( my $result = $visitor->getResult ) {
1021 my $value = $result->getNodeValue;
1022 $value->{elapsed} = sprintf( '%fs', $elapsed );
1023 $result->setNodeValue($value);
1027 $@ = $error || undef;
1030 my $last = ${ $c->stack }[-1];
1031 pop( @{ $c->stack } );
1033 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1034 if ( $error eq $DETACH ) { die $DETACH if $c->depth > 1 }
1036 unless ( ref $error ) {
1038 my $class = $last->class;
1039 my $name = $last->name;
1040 $error = qq/Caught exception in $class->$name "$error"/;
1051 Finalizes the request.
1058 for my $error ( @{ $c->error } ) {
1059 $c->log->error($error);
1062 $c->finalize_uploads;
1065 if ( $#{ $c->error } >= 0 ) {
1069 $c->finalize_headers;
1072 if ( $c->request->method eq 'HEAD' ) {
1073 $c->response->body('');
1078 return $c->response->status;
1081 =head2 $c->finalize_body
1087 sub finalize_body { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_body( $c, @_ ) }
1089 =head2 $c->finalize_cookies
1095 sub finalize_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_cookies( $c, @_ ) }
1097 =head2 $c->finalize_error
1103 sub finalize_error { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_error( $c, @_ ) }
1105 =head2 $c->finalize_headers
1111 sub finalize_headers {
1114 # Check if we already finalized headers
1115 return if $c->response->{_finalized_headers};
1118 if ( my $location = $c->response->redirect ) {
1119 $c->log->debug(qq/Redirecting to "$location"/) if $c->debug;
1120 $c->response->header( Location => $location );
1124 if ( $c->response->body && !$c->response->content_length ) {
1126 # get the length from a filehandle
1127 if ( ref $c->response->body && $c->response->body->can('read') ) {
1128 if ( my $stat = stat $c->response->body ) {
1129 $c->response->content_length( $stat->size );
1132 $c->log->warn('Serving filehandle without a content-length');
1136 $c->response->content_length( bytes::length( $c->response->body ) );
1141 if ( $c->response->status =~ /^(1\d\d|[23]04)$/ ) {
1142 $c->response->headers->remove_header("Content-Length");
1143 $c->response->body('');
1146 $c->finalize_cookies;
1148 $c->engine->finalize_headers( $c, @_ );
1151 $c->response->{_finalized_headers} = 1;
1154 =head2 $c->finalize_output
1156 An alias for finalize_body.
1158 =head2 $c->finalize_read
1160 Finalizes the input after reading is complete.
1164 sub finalize_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_read( $c, @_ ) }
1166 =head2 $c->finalize_uploads
1168 Finalizes uploads. Cleans up any temporary files.
1172 sub finalize_uploads { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_uploads( $c, @_ ) }
1174 =head2 $c->get_action( $action, $namespace )
1176 Gets an action in a given namespace.
1180 sub get_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_action(@_) }
1182 =head2 $c->get_actions( $action, $namespace )
1184 Gets all actions of a given name in a namespace and all parent
1189 sub get_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_actions( $c, @_ ) }
1191 =head2 handle_request( $class, @arguments )
1193 Called to handle each HTTP request.
1197 sub handle_request {
1198 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
1200 # Always expect worst case!
1203 my $stats = ( $class->debug ) ? Tree::Simple->new: q{};
1206 my $c = $class->prepare(@arguments);
1207 $c->{stats} = $stats;
1209 return $c->finalize;
1212 if ( $class->debug ) {
1213 my $start = [gettimeofday];
1214 $status = &$handler;
1215 my $elapsed = tv_interval $start;
1216 $elapsed = sprintf '%f', $elapsed;
1217 my $av = sprintf '%.3f',
1218 ( $elapsed == 0 ? '??' : ( 1 / $elapsed ) );
1219 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 64, 'Action' ], [ 9, 'Time' ] );
1224 my $stat = $action->getNodeValue;
1225 $t->row( ( q{ } x $action->getDepth ) . $stat->{action},
1226 $stat->{elapsed} || '??' );
1231 "Request took ${elapsed}s ($av/s)\n" . $t->draw );
1233 else { $status = &$handler }
1237 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1239 $class->log->error(qq/Caught exception in engine "$error"/);
1243 $class->log->_flush() if $class->log->can('_flush');
1247 =head2 $c->prepare( @arguments )
1249 Creates a Catalyst context from an engine-specific request (Apache, CGI,
1255 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
1257 $class->context_class( ref $class || $class ) unless $class->context_class;
1258 my $c = $class->context_class->new(
1262 request => $class->request_class->new(
1265 body_parameters => {},
1267 headers => HTTP::Headers->new,
1269 query_parameters => {},
1275 response => $class->response_class->new(
1279 headers => HTTP::Headers->new(),
1288 # For on-demand data
1289 $c->request->{_context} = $c;
1290 $c->response->{_context} = $c;
1291 weaken( $c->request->{_context} );
1292 weaken( $c->response->{_context} );
1295 my $secs = time - $START || 1;
1296 my $av = sprintf '%.3f', $COUNT / $secs;
1297 $c->log->debug('**********************************');
1298 $c->log->debug("* Request $COUNT ($av/s) [$$]");
1299 $c->log->debug('**********************************');
1300 $c->res->headers->header( 'X-Catalyst' => $Catalyst::VERSION );
1303 $c->prepare_request(@arguments);
1304 $c->prepare_connection;
1305 $c->prepare_query_parameters;
1306 $c->prepare_headers;
1307 $c->prepare_cookies;
1311 $c->prepare_body unless $c->config->{parse_on_demand};
1313 my $method = $c->req->method || '';
1314 my $path = $c->req->path || '';
1315 my $address = $c->req->address || '';
1317 $c->log->debug(qq/"$method" request for "$path" from "$address"/)
1325 =head2 $c->prepare_action
1331 sub prepare_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->prepare_action( $c, @_ ) }
1333 =head2 $c->prepare_body
1335 Prepares message body.
1342 # Do we run for the first time?
1343 return if defined $c->request->{_body};
1345 # Initialize on-demand data
1346 $c->engine->prepare_body( $c, @_ );
1347 $c->prepare_parameters;
1348 $c->prepare_uploads;
1350 if ( $c->debug && keys %{ $c->req->body_parameters } ) {
1351 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 37, 'Key' ], [ 36, 'Value' ] );
1352 for my $key ( sort keys %{ $c->req->body_parameters } ) {
1353 my $param = $c->req->body_parameters->{$key};
1354 my $value = defined($param) ? $param : '';
1356 ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ? ( join ', ', @$value ) : $value );
1358 $c->log->debug( "Body Parameters are:\n" . $t->draw );
1362 =head2 $c->prepare_body_chunk( $chunk )
1364 Prepares a chunk of data before sending it to L<HTTP::Body>.
1368 sub prepare_body_chunk {
1370 $c->engine->prepare_body_chunk( $c, @_ );
1373 =head2 $c->prepare_body_parameters
1375 Prepares body parameters.
1379 sub prepare_body_parameters {
1381 $c->engine->prepare_body_parameters( $c, @_ );
1384 =head2 $c->prepare_connection
1386 Prepares connection.
1390 sub prepare_connection {
1392 $c->engine->prepare_connection( $c, @_ );
1395 =head2 $c->prepare_cookies
1401 sub prepare_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_cookies( $c, @_ ) }
1403 =head2 $c->prepare_headers
1409 sub prepare_headers { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_headers( $c, @_ ) }
1411 =head2 $c->prepare_parameters
1413 Prepares parameters.
1417 sub prepare_parameters {
1419 $c->prepare_body_parameters;
1420 $c->engine->prepare_parameters( $c, @_ );
1423 =head2 $c->prepare_path
1425 Prepares path and base.
1429 sub prepare_path { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_path( $c, @_ ) }
1431 =head2 $c->prepare_query_parameters
1433 Prepares query parameters.
1437 sub prepare_query_parameters {
1440 $c->engine->prepare_query_parameters( $c, @_ );
1442 if ( $c->debug && keys %{ $c->request->query_parameters } ) {
1443 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 37, 'Key' ], [ 36, 'Value' ] );
1444 for my $key ( sort keys %{ $c->req->query_parameters } ) {
1445 my $param = $c->req->query_parameters->{$key};
1446 my $value = defined($param) ? $param : '';
1448 ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ? ( join ', ', @$value ) : $value );
1450 $c->log->debug( "Query Parameters are:\n" . $t->draw );
1454 =head2 $c->prepare_read
1456 Prepares the input for reading.
1460 sub prepare_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_read( $c, @_ ) }
1462 =head2 $c->prepare_request
1464 Prepares the engine request.
1468 sub prepare_request { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_request( $c, @_ ) }
1470 =head2 $c->prepare_uploads
1476 sub prepare_uploads {
1479 $c->engine->prepare_uploads( $c, @_ );
1481 if ( $c->debug && keys %{ $c->request->uploads } ) {
1482 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new(
1488 for my $key ( sort keys %{ $c->request->uploads } ) {
1489 my $upload = $c->request->uploads->{$key};
1490 for my $u ( ref $upload eq 'ARRAY' ? @{$upload} : ($upload) ) {
1491 $t->row( $key, $u->filename, $u->type, $u->size );
1494 $c->log->debug( "File Uploads are:\n" . $t->draw );
1498 =head2 $c->prepare_write
1500 Prepares the output for writing.
1504 sub prepare_write { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_write( $c, @_ ) }
1506 =head2 $c->request_class
1508 Returns or sets the request class.
1510 =head2 $c->response_class
1512 Returns or sets the response class.
1514 =head2 $c->read( [$maxlength] )
1516 Reads a chunk of data from the request body. This method is designed to
1517 be used in a while loop, reading C<$maxlength> bytes on every call.
1518 C<$maxlength> defaults to the size of the request if not specified.
1520 You have to set C<MyApp-E<gt>config-E<gt>{parse_on_demand}> to use this
1525 sub read { my $c = shift; return $c->engine->read( $c, @_ ) }
1533 sub run { my $c = shift; return $c->engine->run( $c, @_ ) }
1535 =head2 $c->set_action( $action, $code, $namespace, $attrs )
1537 Sets an action in a given namespace.
1541 sub set_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->set_action( $c, @_ ) }
1543 =head2 $c->setup_actions($component)
1545 Sets up actions for a component.
1549 sub setup_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->setup_actions( $c, @_ ) }
1551 =head2 $c->setup_components
1557 sub setup_components {
1560 my $callback = sub {
1561 my ( $component, $context ) = @_;
1563 unless ( $component->can('COMPONENT') ) {
1567 my $suffix = Catalyst::Utils::class2classsuffix($component);
1568 my $config = $class->config->{$suffix} || {};
1572 eval { $instance = $component->COMPONENT( $context, $config ); };
1574 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1578 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
1579 qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", "$error"/ );
1582 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
1583 qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", "new() didn't return a object"/
1585 unless ref $instance;
1589 eval "package $class;\n" . q!Module::Pluggable::Fast->import(
1590 name => '_catalyst_components',
1592 "$class\::Controller", "$class\::C",
1593 "$class\::Model", "$class\::M",
1594 "$class\::View", "$class\::V"
1596 callback => $callback
1600 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1604 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
1605 message => qq/Couldn't load components "$error"/ );
1608 for my $component ( $class->_catalyst_components($class) ) {
1609 $class->components->{ ref $component || $component } = $component;
1613 =head2 $c->setup_dispatcher
1619 sub setup_dispatcher {
1620 my ( $class, $dispatcher ) = @_;
1623 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $dispatcher;
1626 if ( $ENV{CATALYST_DISPATCHER} ) {
1627 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $ENV{CATALYST_DISPATCHER};
1630 if ( $ENV{ uc($class) . '_DISPATCHER' } ) {
1632 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $ENV{ uc($class) . '_DISPATCHER' };
1635 unless ($dispatcher) {
1636 $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher_class;
1639 $dispatcher->require;
1642 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
1643 message => qq/Couldn't load dispatcher "$dispatcher", "$@"/ );
1646 # dispatcher instance
1647 $class->dispatcher( $dispatcher->new );
1650 =head2 $c->setup_engine
1657 my ( $class, $engine ) = @_;
1660 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::' . $engine;
1663 if ( $ENV{CATALYST_ENGINE} ) {
1664 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::' . $ENV{CATALYST_ENGINE};
1667 if ( $ENV{ uc($class) . '_ENGINE' } ) {
1668 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::' . $ENV{ uc($class) . '_ENGINE' };
1671 if ( $ENV{MOD_PERL} ) {
1673 # create the apache method
1676 *{"$class\::apache"} = sub { shift->engine->apache };
1679 my ( $software, $version ) =
1680 $ENV{MOD_PERL} =~ /^(\S+)\/(\d+(?:[\.\_]\d+)+)/;
1683 $version =~ s/(\.[^.]+)\./$1/g;
1685 if ( $software eq 'mod_perl' ) {
1689 if ( $version >= 1.99922 ) {
1690 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Apache2::MP20';
1693 elsif ( $version >= 1.9901 ) {
1694 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Apache2::MP19';
1697 elsif ( $version >= 1.24 ) {
1698 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Apache::MP13';
1702 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
1703 qq/Unsupported mod_perl version: $ENV{MOD_PERL}/ );
1708 # install the correct mod_perl handler
1709 if ( $version >= 1.9901 ) {
1710 *handler = sub : method {
1711 shift->handle_request(@_);
1715 *handler = sub ($$) { shift->handle_request(@_) };
1720 elsif ( $software eq 'Zeus-Perl' ) {
1721 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Zeus';
1725 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
1726 message => qq/Unsupported mod_perl: $ENV{MOD_PERL}/ );
1731 $engine = $class->engine_class;
1737 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
1738 qq/Couldn't load engine "$engine" (maybe you forgot to install it?), "$@"/
1742 # check for old engines that are no longer compatible
1744 if ( $engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Apache')
1745 && !Catalyst::Engine::Apache->VERSION )
1750 elsif ( $engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Server::Base')
1751 && Catalyst::Engine::Server->VERSION le '0.02' )
1756 elsif ($engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::HTTP::POE')
1757 && $engine->VERSION eq '0.01' )
1762 elsif ($engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Zeus')
1763 && $engine->VERSION eq '0.01' )
1769 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
1770 qq/Engine "$engine" is not supported by this version of Catalyst/
1775 $class->engine( $engine->new );
1778 =head2 $c->setup_home
1780 Sets up the home directory.
1785 my ( $class, $home ) = @_;
1787 if ( $ENV{CATALYST_HOME} ) {
1788 $home = $ENV{CATALYST_HOME};
1791 if ( $ENV{ uc($class) . '_HOME' } ) {
1792 $home = $ENV{ uc($class) . '_HOME' };
1796 $home = Catalyst::Utils::home($class);
1800 $class->config->{home} ||= $home;
1801 $class->config->{root} ||= dir($home)->subdir('root');
1805 =head2 $c->setup_log
1812 my ( $class, $debug ) = @_;
1814 unless ( $class->log ) {
1815 $class->log( Catalyst::Log->new );
1818 my $app_flag = Catalyst::Utils::class2env($class) . '_DEBUG';
1821 ( defined( $ENV{CATALYST_DEBUG} ) || defined( $ENV{$app_flag} ) )
1822 ? ( $ENV{CATALYST_DEBUG} || $ENV{$app_flag} )
1827 *{"$class\::debug"} = sub { 1 };
1828 $class->log->debug('Debug messages enabled');
1832 =head2 $c->setup_plugins
1839 my ( $class, $plugins ) = @_;
1842 for my $plugin ( reverse @$plugins ) {
1844 $plugin = "Catalyst::Plugin::$plugin";
1849 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
1850 message => qq/Couldn't load plugin "$plugin", "$@"/ );
1855 unshift @{"$class\::ISA"}, $plugin;
1864 =head2 $c->write( $data )
1866 Writes $data to the output stream. When using this method directly, you
1867 will need to manually set the C<Content-Length> header to the length of
1868 your output data, if known.
1875 # Finalize headers if someone manually writes output
1876 $c->finalize_headers;
1878 return $c->engine->write( $c, @_ );
1883 Returns the Catalyst version number. Mostly useful for "powered by"
1884 messages in template systems.
1888 sub version { return $Catalyst::VERSION }
1890 =head1 INTERNAL ACTIONS
1892 Catalyst uses internal actions like C<_DISPATCH>, C<_BEGIN>, C<_AUTO>,
1893 C<_ACTION>, and C<_END>. These are by default not shown in the private
1894 action table, but you can make them visible with a config parameter.
1896 MyApp->config->{show_internal_actions} = 1;
1898 =head1 CASE SENSITIVITY
1900 By default Catalyst is not case sensitive, so C<MyApp::C::FOO::Bar> is
1901 mapped to C</foo/bar>. You can activate case sensitivity with a config
1904 MyApp->config->{case_sensitive} = 1;
1906 This causes C<MyApp::C::Foo::Bar> to map to C</Foo/Bar>.
1908 =head1 ON-DEMAND PARSER
1910 The request body is usually parsed at the beginning of a request,
1911 but if you want to handle input yourself or speed things up a bit,
1912 you can enable on-demand parsing with a config parameter.
1914 MyApp->config->{parse_on_demand} = 1;
1916 =head1 PROXY SUPPORT
1918 Many production servers operate using the common double-server approach,
1919 with a lightweight frontend web server passing requests to a larger
1920 backend server. An application running on the backend server must deal
1921 with two problems: the remote user always appears to be C<127.0.0.1> and
1922 the server's hostname will appear to be C<localhost> regardless of the
1923 virtual host that the user connected through.
1925 Catalyst will automatically detect this situation when you are running
1926 the frontend and backend servers on the same machine. The following
1927 changes are made to the request.
1929 $c->req->address is set to the user's real IP address, as read from
1930 the HTTP X-Forwarded-For header.
1932 The host value for $c->req->base and $c->req->uri is set to the real
1933 host, as read from the HTTP X-Forwarded-Host header.
1935 Obviously, your web server must support these headers for this to work.
1937 In a more complex server farm environment where you may have your
1938 frontend proxy server(s) on different machines, you will need to set a
1939 configuration option to tell Catalyst to read the proxied data from the
1942 MyApp->config->{using_frontend_proxy} = 1;
1944 If you do not wish to use the proxy support at all, you may set:
1946 MyApp->config->{ignore_frontend_proxy} = 1;
1948 =head1 THREAD SAFETY
1950 Catalyst has been tested under Apache 2's threading mpm_worker, mpm_winnt,
1951 and the standalone forking HTTP server on Windows. We believe the Catalyst
1952 core to be thread-safe.
1954 If you plan to operate in a threaded environment, remember that all other
1955 modules you are using must also be thread-safe. Some modules, most notably
1956 L<DBD::SQLite>, are not thread-safe.
1962 Join #catalyst on irc.perl.org.
1966 http://lists.rawmode.org/mailman/listinfo/catalyst
1967 http://lists.rawmode.org/mailman/listinfo/catalyst-dev
1971 http://catalyst.perl.org
1975 http://dev.catalyst.perl.org
1979 =head2 L<Task::Catalyst> - All you need to start with Catalyst
1981 =head2 L<Catalyst::Manual> - The Catalyst Manual
1983 =head2 L<Catalyst::Component>, L<Catalyst::Base> - Base classes for components
1985 =head2 L<Catalyst::Engine> - Core engine
1987 =head2 L<Catalyst::Log> - Log class.
1989 =head2 L<Catalyst::Request> - Request object
1991 =head2 L<Catalyst::Response> - Response object
1993 =head2 L<Catalyst::Test> - The test suite.
2063 Sebastian Riedel, C<sri@oook.de>
2067 This library is free software, you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
2068 the same terms as Perl itself.