4 use base 'Catalyst::Base';
6 use UNIVERSAL::require;
7 use Catalyst::Exception;
10 use Catalyst::Request::Upload;
11 use Catalyst::Response;
14 use Text::SimpleTable;
16 use Time::HiRes qw/gettimeofday tv_interval/;
18 use Scalar::Util qw/weaken/;
21 __PACKAGE__->mk_accessors(
22 qw/counter request response state action stack namespace/
25 attributes->import( __PACKAGE__, \&namespace, 'lvalue' );
27 sub depth { scalar @{ shift->stack || [] }; }
34 # For backwards compatibility
35 *finalize_output = \&finalize_body;
40 our $RECURSION = 1000;
41 our $DETACH = "catalyst_detach\n";
43 require Module::Pluggable::Fast;
45 # Helper script generation
46 our $CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN = 11;
48 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata($_)
49 for qw/components arguments dispatcher engine log dispatcher_class
50 engine_class context_class request_class response_class/;
52 __PACKAGE__->dispatcher_class('Catalyst::Dispatcher');
53 __PACKAGE__->engine_class('Catalyst::Engine::CGI');
54 __PACKAGE__->request_class('Catalyst::Request');
55 __PACKAGE__->response_class('Catalyst::Response');
57 our $VERSION = '5.49_04';
60 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
62 # We have to limit $class to Catalyst to avoid pushing Catalyst upon every
64 return unless $class eq 'Catalyst';
66 my $caller = caller(0);
68 unless ( $caller->isa('Catalyst') ) {
70 push @{"$caller\::ISA"}, $class;
73 $caller->arguments( [@arguments] );
79 Catalyst - The Elegant MVC Web Application Framework
83 # use the helper to start a new application
86 # add models, views, controllers
87 script/myapp_create.pl model Database DBIC dbi:SQLite:/path/to/db
88 script/myapp_create.pl view TT TT
89 script/myapp_create.pl controller Search
91 # built in testserver -- use -r to restart automatically on changes
92 script/myapp_server.pl
94 # command line testing interface
95 script/myapp_test.pl /yada
98 use Catalyst qw/-Debug/; # include plugins here as well
100 sub foo : Global { # called for /foo, /foo/1, /foo/1/2, etc.
101 my ( $self, $c, @args ) = @_; # args are qw/on you/ for /foo/on/you
102 $c->stash->{template} = 'foo.tt';
103 # lookup something from db -- stash vars are passed to TT
104 $c->stash->{data} = MyApp::Model::Database::Foo->search;
105 if ( $c->req->params->{bar} ) { # access GET or POST parameters
106 $c->forward( 'bar' ); # process another action
107 # do something else after forward returns
111 # The foo.tt TT template can easily use the stash data from the database
112 [% WHILE (item = data.next) %]
116 # called for /bar/of/soap, /bar/of/soap/10, etc.
117 sub bar : Path('/bar/of/soap') { ... }
119 # called for / and only /, no other args
120 sub baz : Path { ... }
121 sub baz : Index { ... }
123 # called for all actions, from the top-most controller inwards
125 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
127 $c->res->redirect( '/login' ); # require login
128 return 0; # abort request and go immediately to end()
133 # called after the main action is finished
135 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
136 if ( scalar @{ $c->error } ) { ... } # handle errors
137 return if $c->res->body; # already have a response
138 $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' ); # render template
141 ### in MyApp/Controller/Foo.pm
142 # called for /foo/bar
143 sub bar : Local { ... }
145 # overrides /foo, but not /foo/1, etc.
146 sub index : Path { ... }
148 ### in MyApp/Controller/Foo/Bar.pm
149 # called for /foo/bar/baz
150 sub baz : Local { ... }
152 # first MyApp auto is called, then Foo auto, then this
153 sub auto : Private { ... }
155 # powerful regular expression paths are also possible
156 sub details : Regex('^product/(\w+)/details$') {
157 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
158 # extract the (\w+) from the URI
159 my $product = $c->req->snippets->[0];
162 See L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro> for additional information.
166 The key concept of Catalyst is DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself).
168 See L<Catalyst::Manual> for more documentation.
170 Catalyst plugins can be loaded by naming them as arguments to the "use Catalyst" statement.
171 Omit the C<Catalyst::Plugin::> prefix from the plugin name, i.e.,
172 C<Catalyst::Plugin::My::Module> becomes C<My::Module>.
174 use Catalyst qw/My::Module/;
176 Special flags like -Debug and -Engine can also be specified as arguments when
179 use Catalyst qw/-Debug My::Module/;
181 The position of plugins and flags in the chain is important, because they are
182 loaded in exactly the order that they appear.
184 The following flags are supported:
190 Enables debug output.
194 Forces Catalyst to use a specific engine.
195 Omit the C<Catalyst::Engine::> prefix of the engine name, i.e.:
197 use Catalyst qw/-Engine=CGI/;
201 Forces Catalyst to use a specific home directory.
211 =head2 Information about the current request
217 Returns a L<Catalyst::Action> object for the current action, which stringifies to the action name.
221 Returns the namespace of the current action, i.e., the uri prefix corresponding to the
222 controller of the current action.
228 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Request> object.
234 =head2 Processing and response to the current request
238 =item $c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )
240 =item $c->forward( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
242 Forwards processing to a private action. If you give a class name but
243 no method, process() is called. You may also optionally pass arguments
244 in an arrayref. The action will receive the arguments in @_ and $c->req->args.
245 Upon returning from the function, $c->req->args will be restored to the previous
249 $c->forward('index');
250 $c->forward(qw/MyApp::Model::CDBI::Foo do_stuff/);
251 $c->forward('MyApp::View::TT');
255 sub forward { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->forward( $c, @_ ) }
257 =item $c->detach( $action [, \@arguments ] )
259 =item $c->detach( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
261 The same as C<forward>, but doesn't return.
265 sub detach { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->detach( $c, @_ ) }
269 =item $c->error($error, ...)
271 =item $c->error($arrayref)
273 Returns an arrayref containing error messages.
275 my @error = @{ $c->error };
279 $c->error('Something bad happened');
290 my $error = ref $_[0] eq 'ARRAY' ? $_[0] : [@_];
291 push @{ $c->{error} }, @$error;
293 elsif ( defined $_[0] ) { $c->{error} = undef }
294 return $c->{error} || [];
301 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Response> object.
307 Returns a hashref to the stash, which may be used to store data and pass it
308 between components. You can also set hash keys by passing arguments. The
309 stash is automatically sent to the view.
311 $c->stash->{foo} = $bar;
312 $c->stash( { moose => 'majestic', qux => 0 } );
313 $c->stash( bar => 1, gorch => 2 ); # equivalent to passing a hashref
315 # stash is automatically passed to the view for use in a template
316 $c->forward( 'MyApp::V::TT' );
323 my $stash = @_ > 1 ? {@_} : $_[0];
324 while ( my ( $key, $val ) = each %$stash ) {
325 $c->{stash}->{$key} = $val;
333 Contains the return value of the last executed action.
337 =head2 Component Accessors
341 =item $c->comp($name)
343 =item $c->component($name)
345 Gets a component object by name.
347 $c->comp('MyApp::Model::MyModel')->do_stuff;
358 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
361 $name, "${appclass}::${name}",
362 map { "${appclass}::${_}::${name}" } qw/M V C/
365 foreach my $try (@names) {
367 if ( exists $c->components->{$try} ) {
369 return $c->components->{$try};
373 foreach my $component ( keys %{ $c->components } ) {
375 return $c->components->{$component} if $component =~ /$name/i;
380 return sort keys %{ $c->components };
383 =item $c->controller($name)
385 Gets a L<Catalyst::Controller> instance by name.
387 $c->controller('Foo')->do_stuff;
392 my ( $c, $name ) = @_;
393 my $controller = $c->comp("Controller::$name");
394 return $controller if $controller;
395 return $c->comp("C::$name");
398 =item $c->model($name)
400 Gets a L<Catalyst::Model> instance by name.
402 $c->model('Foo')->do_stuff;
407 my ( $c, $name ) = @_;
408 my $model = $c->comp("Model::$name");
409 return $model if $model;
410 return $c->comp("M::$name");
413 =item $c->view($name)
415 Gets a L<Catalyst::View> instance by name.
417 $c->view('Foo')->do_stuff;
422 my ( $c, $name ) = @_;
423 my $view = $c->comp("View::$name");
424 return $view if $view;
425 return $c->comp("V::$name");
430 =head2 Class data and helper classes
436 Returns or takes a hashref containing the application's configuration.
438 __PACKAGE__->config({ db => 'dsn:SQLite:foo.db' });
442 Overload to enable debug messages (same as -Debug option).
450 Returns the dispatcher instance. Stringifies to class name.
454 Returns the engine instance. Stringifies to the class name.
458 Returns the logging object instance. Unless it is already set, Catalyst sets this up with a
459 L<Catalyst::Log> object. To use your own log class:
461 $c->log( MyLogger->new );
462 $c->log->info( 'now logging with my own logger!' );
464 Your log class should implement the methods described in the L<Catalyst::Log>
471 =head2 Utility methods
475 =item $c->path_to(@path)
477 Merges C<@path> with $c->config->{home} and returns a L<Path::Class> object.
481 $c->path_to( 'db', 'sqlite.db' );
486 my ( $c, @path ) = @_;
487 my $path = dir( $c->config->{home}, @path );
488 if ( -d $path ) { return $path }
489 else { return file( $c->config->{home}, @path ) }
492 =item $c->plugin( $name, $class, @args )
494 Helper method for plugins. It creates a classdata accessor/mutator and loads
495 and instantiates the given class.
497 MyApp->plugin( 'prototype', 'HTML::Prototype' );
499 $c->prototype->define_javascript_functions;
504 my ( $class, $name, $plugin, @args ) = @_;
507 if ( my $error = $UNIVERSAL::require::ERROR ) {
508 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
509 message => qq/Couldn't load instant plugin "$plugin", "$error"/ );
512 eval { $plugin->import };
513 $class->mk_classdata($name);
515 eval { $obj = $plugin->new(@args) };
518 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
519 qq/Couldn't instantiate instant plugin "$plugin", "$@"/ );
523 $class->log->debug(qq/Initialized instant plugin "$plugin" as "$name"/)
529 Initializes the dispatcher and engine, loads any plugins, and loads the
530 model, view, and controller components. You may also specify an array of
531 plugins to load here, if you choose to not load them in the 'use Catalyst'
535 MyApp->setup( qw/-Debug/ );
540 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
542 unless ( $class->isa('Catalyst') ) {
544 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
545 message => qq/'$class' does not inherit from Catalyst/ );
548 if ( $class->arguments ) {
549 @arguments = ( @arguments, @{ $class->arguments } );
555 foreach (@arguments) {
559 ( $flags->{log} ) ? 'debug,' . $flags->{log} : 'debug';
561 elsif (/^-(\w+)=?(.*)$/) {
562 $flags->{ lc $1 } = $2;
565 push @{ $flags->{plugins} }, $_;
569 $class->setup_log( delete $flags->{log} );
570 $class->setup_plugins( delete $flags->{plugins} );
571 $class->setup_dispatcher( delete $flags->{dispatcher} );
572 $class->setup_engine( delete $flags->{engine} );
573 $class->setup_home( delete $flags->{home} );
575 for my $flag ( sort keys %{$flags} ) {
577 if ( my $code = $class->can( 'setup_' . $flag ) ) {
578 &$code( $class, delete $flags->{$flag} );
581 $class->log->warn(qq/Unknown flag "$flag"/);
586 <<"EOF") if ( $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} && ( $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} < $Catalyst::CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN ) );
587 You are running an old script!
589 Please update by running:
590 catalyst.pl -nonew -scripts $class
593 if ( $class->debug ) {
599 @plugins = grep { /^Catalyst::Plugin/ } @{"$class\::ISA"};
603 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new(76);
604 $t->row($_) for @plugins;
605 $class->log->debug( "Loaded plugins:\n" . $t->draw );
608 my $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher;
609 my $engine = $class->engine;
610 my $home = $class->config->{home};
612 $class->log->debug(qq/Loaded dispatcher "$dispatcher"/);
613 $class->log->debug(qq/Loaded engine "$engine"/);
617 ? $class->log->debug(qq/Found home "$home"/)
618 : $class->log->debug(qq/Home "$home" doesn't exist/)
619 : $class->log->debug(q/Couldn't find home/);
624 no warnings qw/redefine/;
625 local *setup = sub { };
629 # Initialize our data structure
630 $class->components( {} );
632 $class->setup_components;
634 if ( $class->debug ) {
635 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 65, 'Class' ], [ 8, 'Type' ] );
636 for my $comp ( sort keys %{ $class->components } ) {
637 my $type = ref $class->components->{$comp} ? 'instance' : 'class';
638 $t->row( $comp, $type );
640 $class->log->debug( "Loaded components:\n" . $t->draw )
641 if ( keys %{ $class->components } );
644 # Add our self to components, since we are also a component
645 $class->components->{$class} = $class;
647 $class->setup_actions;
649 if ( $class->debug ) {
650 my $name = $class->config->{name} || 'Application';
651 $class->log->info("$name powered by Catalyst $Catalyst::VERSION");
653 $class->log->_flush() if $class->log->can('_flush');
656 =item $c->uri_for( $path, [ @args ] )
658 Merges path with $c->request->base for absolute uri's and with
659 $c->request->match for relative uri's, then returns a normalized
660 L<URI> object. If any args are passed, they are added at the end
666 my ( $c, $path, @args ) = @_;
667 my $base = $c->request->base->clone;
668 my $basepath = $base->path;
669 $basepath =~ s/\/$//;
671 my $match = $c->request->match;
673 # massage match, empty if absolute path
675 $match .= '/' if $match;
677 $match = '' if $path =~ /^\//;
680 # join args with '/', or a blank string
681 my $args = ( scalar @args ? '/' . join( '/', @args ) : '' );
682 return URI->new_abs( URI->new_abs( "$path$args", "$basepath$match" ),
686 =item $c->welcome_message
688 Returns the Catalyst welcome HTML page.
692 sub welcome_message {
694 my $name = $c->config->{name};
695 my $logo = $c->uri_for('/static/images/catalyst_logo.png');
696 my $prefix = Catalyst::Utils::appprefix( ref $c );
697 $c->response->content_type('text/html; charset=utf-8');
699 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
700 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
701 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
703 <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en" />
704 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
705 <title>$name on Catalyst $VERSION</title>
706 <style type="text/css">
709 background-color: #eee;
718 background-color: #ccc;
719 border: 1px solid #aaa;
720 -moz-border-radius: 10px;
725 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
728 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
731 text-decoration: none;
733 border-bottom: 1px dotted #bbb;
735 :link:hover, :visited:hover {
748 background-color: #fff;
749 border: 1px solid #aaa;
750 -moz-border-radius: 10px;
776 <h1><span id="appname">$name</span> on <a href="http://catalyst.perl.org">Catalyst</a>
781 <img src="$logo" alt="Catalyst Logo" />
783 <p>Welcome to the wonderful world of Catalyst.
784 This <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MVC">MVC</a>
785 framework will make web development something you had
786 never expected it to be: Fun, rewarding and quick.</p>
787 <h2>What to do now?</h2>
788 <p>That really depends on what <b>you</b> want to do.
789 We do, however, provide you with a few starting points.</p>
790 <p>If you want to jump right into web development with Catalyst
791 you might want to check out the documentation.</p>
792 <pre><code>perldoc <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/dist/Catalyst/lib/Catalyst/Manual/Intro.pod">Catalyst::Manual::Intro</a>
793 perldoc <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/dist/Catalyst/lib/Catalyst/Manual.pod">Catalyst::Manual</a></code></pre>
794 <h2>What to do next?</h2>
795 <p>Next it's time to write an actual application. Use the
796 helper scripts to generate <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AController%3A%3A&mode=all">controllers</a>,
797 <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AModel%3A%3A&mode=all">models</a> and
798 <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AView%3A%3A&mode=all">views</a>,
799 they can save you a lot of work.</p>
800 <pre><code>script/${prefix}_create.pl -help</code></pre>
801 <p>Also, be sure to check out the vast and growing
802 collection of <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3APlugin%3A%3A&mode=all">plugins for Catalyst on CPAN</a>,
803 you are likely to find what you need there.
807 <p>Catalyst has a very active community. Here are the main places to
808 get in touch with us.</p>
811 <a href="http://dev.catalyst.perl.org">Wiki</a>
814 <a href="http://lists.rawmode.org/mailman/listinfo/catalyst">Mailing-List</a>
817 <a href="irc://irc.perl.org/catalyst">IRC channel #catalyst on irc.perl.org</a>
820 <h2>In conclusion</h2>
821 <p>The Catalyst team hopes you will enjoy using Catalyst as much
822 as we enjoyed making it. Please contact us if you have ideas
823 for improvement or other feedback.</p>
833 =head1 INTERNAL METHODS
837 =item $c->benchmark( $coderef )
839 Takes a coderef with arguments and returns elapsed time as float.
841 my ( $elapsed, $status ) = $c->benchmark( sub { return 1 } );
842 $c->log->info( sprintf "Processing took %f seconds", $elapsed );
849 my $time = [gettimeofday];
850 my @return = &$code(@_);
851 my $elapsed = tv_interval $time;
852 return wantarray ? ( $elapsed, @return ) : $elapsed;
857 Returns a hash of components.
859 =item $c->context_class
861 Returns or sets the context class.
865 Returns a hashref containing coderefs and execution counts (needed for deep
866 recursion detection).
870 Returns the number of actions on the current internal execution stack.
874 Dispatches a request to actions.
878 sub dispatch { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->dispatch( $c, @_ ) }
880 =item $c->dispatcher_class
882 Returns or sets the dispatcher class.
886 Returns a list of 2-element array references (name, structure) pairs that will
887 be dumped on the error page in debug mode.
893 [ Request => $c->req ], [ Response => $c->res ], [ Stash => $c->stash ],;
896 =item $c->engine_class
898 Returns or sets the engine class.
900 =item $c->execute( $class, $coderef )
902 Execute a coderef in given class and catch exceptions. Errors are available
908 my ( $c, $class, $code ) = @_;
909 $class = $c->components->{$class} || $class;
913 ( caller(0) )[0]->isa('Catalyst::Action')
920 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /\-\>/;
921 $c->counter->{"$code"}++;
923 if ( $c->counter->{"$code"} > $RECURSION ) {
924 my $error = qq/Deep recursion detected in "$action"/;
925 $c->log->error($error);
931 $action = "-> $action" if $callsub =~ /forward$/;
933 push( @{ $c->stack }, $code );
937 my ( $elapsed, @state ) =
938 $c->benchmark( $code, $class, $c, @{ $c->req->args } );
939 unless ( ( $code->name =~ /^_.*/ )
940 && ( !$c->config->{show_internal_actions} ) )
942 push @{ $c->{stats} }, [ $action, sprintf( '%fs', $elapsed ) ];
947 $c->state( &$code( $class, $c, @{ $c->req->args } ) || 0 );
950 pop( @{ $c->stack } );
952 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
954 if ( $error eq $DETACH ) { die $DETACH if $c->depth > 1 }
956 unless ( ref $error ) {
958 $error = qq/Caught exception "$error"/;
969 Finalizes the request.
976 for my $error ( @{ $c->error } ) {
977 $c->log->error($error);
980 $c->finalize_uploads;
983 if ( $#{ $c->error } >= 0 ) {
987 $c->finalize_headers;
990 if ( $c->request->method eq 'HEAD' ) {
991 $c->response->body('');
996 return $c->response->status;
999 =item $c->finalize_body
1005 sub finalize_body { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_body( $c, @_ ) }
1007 =item $c->finalize_cookies
1013 sub finalize_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_cookies( $c, @_ ) }
1015 =item $c->finalize_error
1021 sub finalize_error { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_error( $c, @_ ) }
1023 =item $c->finalize_headers
1029 sub finalize_headers {
1032 # Check if we already finalized headers
1033 return if $c->response->{_finalized_headers};
1036 if ( my $location = $c->response->redirect ) {
1037 $c->log->debug(qq/Redirecting to "$location"/) if $c->debug;
1038 $c->response->header( Location => $location );
1042 if ( $c->response->body && !$c->response->content_length ) {
1043 $c->response->content_length( bytes::length( $c->response->body ) );
1047 if ( $c->response->status =~ /^(1\d\d|[23]04)$/ ) {
1048 $c->response->headers->remove_header("Content-Length");
1049 $c->response->body('');
1052 $c->finalize_cookies;
1054 $c->engine->finalize_headers( $c, @_ );
1057 $c->response->{_finalized_headers} = 1;
1060 =item $c->finalize_output
1062 An alias for finalize_body.
1064 =item $c->finalize_read
1066 Finalizes the input after reading is complete.
1070 sub finalize_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_read( $c, @_ ) }
1072 =item $c->finalize_uploads
1074 Finalizes uploads. Cleans up any temporary files.
1078 sub finalize_uploads { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_uploads( $c, @_ ) }
1080 =item $c->get_action( $action, $namespace )
1082 Gets an action in a given namespace.
1086 sub get_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_action(@_) }
1088 =item $c->get_actions( $action, $namespace )
1090 Gets all actions of a given name in a namespace and all parent namespaces.
1094 sub get_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_actions( $c, @_ ) }
1096 =item handle_request( $class, @arguments )
1098 Called to handle each HTTP request.
1102 sub handle_request {
1103 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
1105 # Always expect worst case!
1111 my $c = $class->prepare(@arguments);
1112 $c->{stats} = \@stats;
1114 return $c->finalize;
1117 if ( $class->debug ) {
1119 ( $elapsed, $status ) = $class->benchmark($handler);
1120 $elapsed = sprintf '%f', $elapsed;
1121 my $av = sprintf '%.3f',
1122 ( $elapsed == 0 ? '??' : ( 1 / $elapsed ) );
1123 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 64, 'Action' ], [ 9, 'Time' ] );
1125 for my $stat (@stats) { $t->row( $stat->[0], $stat->[1] ) }
1127 "Request took ${elapsed}s ($av/s)\n" . $t->draw );
1129 else { $status = &$handler }
1133 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1135 $class->log->error(qq/Caught exception in engine "$error"/);
1139 $class->log->_flush() if $class->log->can('_flush');
1143 =item $c->prepare( @arguments )
1145 Creates a Catalyst context from an engine-specific request
1146 (Apache, CGI, etc.).
1151 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
1153 $class->context_class( ref $class || $class ) unless $class->context_class;
1154 my $c = $class->context_class->new(
1158 request => $class->request_class->new(
1161 body_parameters => {},
1163 headers => HTTP::Headers->new,
1165 query_parameters => {},
1171 response => $class->response_class->new(
1175 headers => HTTP::Headers->new(),
1184 # For on-demand data
1185 $c->request->{_context} = $c;
1186 $c->response->{_context} = $c;
1187 weaken( $c->request->{_context} );
1188 weaken( $c->response->{_context} );
1191 my $secs = time - $START || 1;
1192 my $av = sprintf '%.3f', $COUNT / $secs;
1193 $c->log->debug('**********************************');
1194 $c->log->debug("* Request $COUNT ($av/s) [$$]");
1195 $c->log->debug('**********************************');
1196 $c->res->headers->header( 'X-Catalyst' => $Catalyst::VERSION );
1199 $c->prepare_request(@arguments);
1200 $c->prepare_connection;
1201 $c->prepare_query_parameters;
1202 $c->prepare_headers;
1203 $c->prepare_cookies;
1207 $c->prepare_body unless $c->config->{parse_on_demand};
1210 my $method = $c->req->method || '';
1211 my $path = $c->req->path || '';
1212 my $address = $c->req->address || '';
1214 $c->log->debug(qq/"$method" request for "$path" from $address/)
1220 =item $c->prepare_action
1226 sub prepare_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->prepare_action( $c, @_ ) }
1228 =item $c->prepare_body
1230 Prepares message body.
1237 # Do we run for the first time?
1238 return if defined $c->request->{_body};
1240 # Initialize on-demand data
1241 $c->engine->prepare_body( $c, @_ );
1242 $c->prepare_parameters;
1243 $c->prepare_uploads;
1245 if ( $c->debug && keys %{ $c->req->body_parameters } ) {
1246 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 37, 'Key' ], [ 36, 'Value' ] );
1247 for my $key ( sort keys %{ $c->req->body_parameters } ) {
1248 my $param = $c->req->body_parameters->{$key};
1249 my $value = defined($param) ? $param : '';
1251 ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ? ( join ', ', @$value ) : $value );
1253 $c->log->debug( "Body Parameters are:\n" . $t->draw );
1257 =item $c->prepare_body_chunk( $chunk )
1259 Prepares a chunk of data before sending it to L<HTTP::Body>.
1263 sub prepare_body_chunk {
1265 $c->engine->prepare_body_chunk( $c, @_ );
1268 =item $c->prepare_body_parameters
1270 Prepares body parameters.
1274 sub prepare_body_parameters {
1276 $c->engine->prepare_body_parameters( $c, @_ );
1279 =item $c->prepare_connection
1281 Prepares connection.
1285 sub prepare_connection {
1287 $c->engine->prepare_connection( $c, @_ );
1290 =item $c->prepare_cookies
1296 sub prepare_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_cookies( $c, @_ ) }
1298 =item $c->prepare_headers
1304 sub prepare_headers { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_headers( $c, @_ ) }
1306 =item $c->prepare_parameters
1308 Prepares parameters.
1312 sub prepare_parameters {
1314 $c->prepare_body_parameters;
1315 $c->engine->prepare_parameters( $c, @_ );
1318 =item $c->prepare_path
1320 Prepares path and base.
1324 sub prepare_path { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_path( $c, @_ ) }
1326 =item $c->prepare_query_parameters
1328 Prepares query parameters.
1332 sub prepare_query_parameters {
1335 $c->engine->prepare_query_parameters( $c, @_ );
1337 if ( $c->debug && keys %{ $c->request->query_parameters } ) {
1338 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 37, 'Key' ], [ 36, 'Value' ] );
1339 for my $key ( sort keys %{ $c->req->query_parameters } ) {
1340 my $param = $c->req->query_parameters->{$key};
1341 my $value = defined($param) ? $param : '';
1343 ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ? ( join ', ', @$value ) : $value );
1345 $c->log->debug( "Query Parameters are:\n" . $t->draw );
1349 =item $c->prepare_read
1351 Prepares the input for reading.
1355 sub prepare_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_read( $c, @_ ) }
1357 =item $c->prepare_request
1359 Prepares the engine request.
1363 sub prepare_request { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_request( $c, @_ ) }
1365 =item $c->prepare_uploads
1371 sub prepare_uploads {
1374 $c->engine->prepare_uploads( $c, @_ );
1376 if ( $c->debug && keys %{ $c->request->uploads } ) {
1377 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new(
1383 for my $key ( sort keys %{ $c->request->uploads } ) {
1384 my $upload = $c->request->uploads->{$key};
1385 for my $u ( ref $upload eq 'ARRAY' ? @{$upload} : ($upload) ) {
1386 $t->row( $key, $u->filename, $u->type, $u->size );
1389 $c->log->debug( "File Uploads are:\n" . $t->draw );
1393 =item $c->prepare_write
1395 Prepares the output for writing.
1399 sub prepare_write { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_write( $c, @_ ) }
1401 =item $c->request_class
1403 Returns or sets the request class.
1405 =item $c->response_class
1407 Returns or sets the response class.
1409 =item $c->read( [$maxlength] )
1411 Reads a chunk of data from the request body. This method is designed to be
1412 used in a while loop, reading $maxlength bytes on every call. $maxlength
1413 defaults to the size of the request if not specified.
1415 You have to set MyApp->config->{parse_on_demand} to use this directly.
1419 sub read { my $c = shift; return $c->engine->read( $c, @_ ) }
1427 sub run { my $c = shift; return $c->engine->run( $c, @_ ) }
1429 =item $c->set_action( $action, $code, $namespace, $attrs )
1431 Sets an action in a given namespace.
1435 sub set_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->set_action( $c, @_ ) }
1437 =item $c->setup_actions($component)
1439 Sets up actions for a component.
1443 sub setup_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->setup_actions( $c, @_ ) }
1445 =item $c->setup_components
1451 sub setup_components {
1454 my $callback = sub {
1455 my ( $component, $context ) = @_;
1457 unless ( $component->isa('Catalyst::Component') ) {
1461 my $suffix = Catalyst::Utils::class2classsuffix($component);
1462 my $config = $class->config->{$suffix} || {};
1466 eval { $instance = $component->new( $context, $config ); };
1468 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1472 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
1473 qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", "$error"/ );
1476 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
1477 qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", "new() didn't return a object"/
1479 unless ref $instance;
1484 Module::Pluggable::Fast->import(
1485 name => '_catalyst_components',
1487 "$class\::Controller", "$class\::C",
1488 "$class\::Model", "$class\::M",
1489 "$class\::View", "$class\::V"
1491 callback => $callback
1495 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1499 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
1500 message => qq/Couldn't load components "$error"/ );
1503 for my $component ( $class->_catalyst_components($class) ) {
1504 $class->components->{ ref $component || $component } = $component;
1508 =item $c->setup_dispatcher
1512 sub setup_dispatcher {
1513 my ( $class, $dispatcher ) = @_;
1516 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $dispatcher;
1519 if ( $ENV{CATALYST_DISPATCHER} ) {
1520 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $ENV{CATALYST_DISPATCHER};
1523 if ( $ENV{ uc($class) . '_DISPATCHER' } ) {
1525 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $ENV{ uc($class) . '_DISPATCHER' };
1528 unless ($dispatcher) {
1529 $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher_class;
1532 $dispatcher->require;
1535 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
1536 message => qq/Couldn't load dispatcher "$dispatcher", "$@"/ );
1539 # dispatcher instance
1540 $class->dispatcher( $dispatcher->new );
1543 =item $c->setup_engine
1548 my ( $class, $engine ) = @_;
1551 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::' . $engine;
1554 if ( $ENV{CATALYST_ENGINE} ) {
1555 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::' . $ENV{CATALYST_ENGINE};
1558 if ( $ENV{ uc($class) . '_ENGINE' } ) {
1559 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::' . $ENV{ uc($class) . '_ENGINE' };
1562 if ( !$engine && $ENV{MOD_PERL} ) {
1564 # create the apache method
1567 *{"$class\::apache"} = sub { shift->engine->apache };
1570 my ( $software, $version ) =
1571 $ENV{MOD_PERL} =~ /^(\S+)\/(\d+(?:[\.\_]\d+)+)/;
1574 $version =~ s/(\.[^.]+)\./$1/g;
1576 if ( $software eq 'mod_perl' ) {
1578 if ( $version >= 1.99922 ) {
1579 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Apache2::MP20';
1582 elsif ( $version >= 1.9901 ) {
1583 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Apache2::MP19';
1586 elsif ( $version >= 1.24 ) {
1587 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Apache::MP13';
1591 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
1592 qq/Unsupported mod_perl version: $ENV{MOD_PERL}/ );
1595 # install the correct mod_perl handler
1596 if ( $version >= 1.9901 ) {
1597 *handler = sub : method {
1598 shift->handle_request(@_);
1602 *handler = sub ($$) { shift->handle_request(@_) };
1607 elsif ( $software eq 'Zeus-Perl' ) {
1608 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Zeus';
1612 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
1613 message => qq/Unsupported mod_perl: $ENV{MOD_PERL}/ );
1618 $engine = $class->engine_class;
1624 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
1625 qq/Couldn't load engine "$engine" (maybe you forgot to install it?), "$@"/
1629 # check for old engines that are no longer compatible
1631 if ( $engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Apache')
1632 && !Catalyst::Engine::Apache->VERSION )
1637 elsif ( $engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Server::Base')
1638 && Catalyst::Engine::Server->VERSION le '0.02' )
1643 elsif ($engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::HTTP::POE')
1644 && $engine->VERSION eq '0.01' )
1649 elsif ($engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Zeus')
1650 && $engine->VERSION eq '0.01' )
1656 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
1657 qq/Engine "$engine" is not supported by this version of Catalyst/
1662 $class->engine( $engine->new );
1665 =item $c->setup_home
1670 my ( $class, $home ) = @_;
1672 if ( $ENV{CATALYST_HOME} ) {
1673 $home = $ENV{CATALYST_HOME};
1676 if ( $ENV{ uc($class) . '_HOME' } ) {
1677 $home = $ENV{ uc($class) . '_HOME' };
1681 $home = Catalyst::Utils::home($class);
1685 $class->config->{home} ||= $home;
1686 $class->config->{root} ||= dir($home)->subdir('root');
1695 my ( $class, $debug ) = @_;
1697 unless ( $class->log ) {
1698 $class->log( Catalyst::Log->new );
1701 my $app_flag = Catalyst::Utils::class2env($class) . '_DEBUG';
1704 ( defined( $ENV{CATALYST_DEBUG} ) || defined( $ENV{$app_flag} ) )
1705 ? ( $ENV{CATALYST_DEBUG} || $ENV{$app_flag} )
1710 *{"$class\::debug"} = sub { 1 };
1711 $class->log->debug('Debug messages enabled');
1715 =item $c->setup_plugins
1720 my ( $class, $plugins ) = @_;
1723 for my $plugin ( reverse @$plugins ) {
1725 $plugin = "Catalyst::Plugin::$plugin";
1730 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
1731 message => qq/Couldn't load plugin "$plugin", "$@"/ );
1736 unshift @{"$class\::ISA"}, $plugin;
1745 =item $c->write( $data )
1747 Writes $data to the output stream. When using this method directly, you will
1748 need to manually set the Content-Length header to the length of your output
1756 # Finalize headers if someone manually writes output
1757 $c->finalize_headers;
1759 return $c->engine->write( $c, @_ );
1764 Returns the Catalyst version number. Mostly useful for "powered by" messages
1765 in template systems.
1769 sub version { return $Catalyst::VERSION }
1773 =head1 INTERNAL ACTIONS
1775 Catalyst uses internal actions like C<_DISPATCH>, C<_BEGIN>, C<_AUTO>
1776 C<_ACTION> and C<_END>, these are by default not shown in the private
1779 But you can deactivate this with a config parameter.
1781 MyApp->config->{show_internal_actions} = 1;
1783 =head1 CASE SENSITIVITY
1785 By default Catalyst is not case sensitive, so C<MyApp::C::FOO::Bar> becomes
1788 But you can activate case sensitivity with a config parameter.
1790 MyApp->config->{case_sensitive} = 1;
1792 So C<MyApp::C::Foo::Bar> becomes C</Foo/Bar>.
1794 =head1 ON-DEMAND PARSER
1796 The request body is usually parsed at the beginning of a request,
1797 but if you want to handle input yourself or speed things up a bit
1798 you can enable on-demand parsing with a config parameter.
1800 MyApp->config->{parse_on_demand} = 1;
1802 =head1 PROXY SUPPORT
1804 Many production servers operate using the common double-server approach, with
1805 a lightweight frontend web server passing requests to a larger backend
1806 server. An application running on the backend server must deal with two
1807 problems: the remote user always appears to be '127.0.0.1' and the server's
1808 hostname will appear to be 'localhost' regardless of the virtual host the
1809 user connected through.
1811 Catalyst will automatically detect this situation when you are running both
1812 the frontend and backend servers on the same machine. The following changes
1813 are made to the request.
1815 $c->req->address is set to the user's real IP address, as read from the
1816 HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR header.
1818 The host value for $c->req->base and $c->req->uri is set to the real host,
1819 as read from the HTTP_X_FORWARDED_HOST header.
1821 Obviously, your web server must support these 2 headers for this to work.
1823 In a more complex server farm environment where you may have your frontend
1824 proxy server(s) on different machines, you will need to set a configuration
1825 option to tell Catalyst to read the proxied data from the headers.
1827 MyApp->config->{using_frontend_proxy} = 1;
1829 If you do not wish to use the proxy support at all, you may set:
1831 MyApp->config->{ignore_frontend_proxy} = 1;
1833 =head1 THREAD SAFETY
1835 Catalyst has been tested under Apache 2's threading mpm_worker, mpm_winnt,
1836 and the standalone forking HTTP server on Windows. We believe the Catalyst
1837 core to be thread-safe.
1839 If you plan to operate in a threaded environment, remember that all other
1840 modules you are using must also be thread-safe. Some modules, most notably
1841 DBD::SQLite, are not thread-safe.
1847 Join #catalyst on irc.perl.org.
1851 http://lists.rawmode.org/mailman/listinfo/catalyst
1852 http://lists.rawmode.org/mailman/listinfo/catalyst-dev
1856 http://catalyst.perl.org
1860 http://dev.catalyst.perl.org
1866 =item L<Catalyst::Manual> - The Catalyst Manual
1868 =item L<Catalyst::Component>, L<Catalyst::Base> - Base classes for components
1870 =item L<Catalyst::Engine> - Core Engine
1872 =item L<Catalyst::Log> - The Log Class.
1874 =item L<Catalyst::Request> - The Request Object
1876 =item L<Catalyst::Response> - The Response Object
1878 =item L<Catalyst::Test> - The test suite.
1948 Sebastian Riedel, C<sri@oook.de>
1952 This library is free software, you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
1953 the same terms as Perl itself.