4 use Moose::Meta::Class ();
5 extends 'Catalyst::Component';
6 use Moose::Util qw/find_meta/;
7 use B::Hooks::EndOfScope ();
8 use Catalyst::Exception;
9 use Catalyst::Exception::Detach;
10 use Catalyst::Exception::Go;
12 use Catalyst::Request;
13 use Catalyst::Request::Upload;
14 use Catalyst::Response;
16 use Catalyst::Controller;
19 use Text::SimpleTable ();
20 use Path::Class::Dir ();
21 use Path::Class::File ();
25 use Tree::Simple qw/use_weak_refs/;
26 use Tree::Simple::Visitor::FindByUID;
27 use Class::C3::Adopt::NEXT;
28 use List::MoreUtils qw/uniq/;
31 use Carp qw/croak carp shortmess/;
33 BEGIN { require 5.008004; }
35 has stack => (is => 'ro', default => sub { [] });
36 has stash => (is => 'rw', default => sub { {} });
37 has state => (is => 'rw', default => 0);
38 has stats => (is => 'rw');
39 has action => (is => 'rw');
40 has counter => (is => 'rw', default => sub { {} });
41 has request => (is => 'rw', default => sub { $_[0]->request_class->new({}) }, required => 1, lazy => 1);
42 has response => (is => 'rw', default => sub { $_[0]->response_class->new({}) }, required => 1, lazy => 1);
43 has namespace => (is => 'rw');
45 sub depth { scalar @{ shift->stack || [] }; }
46 sub comp { shift->component(@_) }
49 my $self = shift; return $self->request(@_);
52 my $self = shift; return $self->response(@_);
55 # For backwards compatibility
56 sub finalize_output { shift->finalize_body(@_) };
61 our $RECURSION = 1000;
62 our $DETACH = Catalyst::Exception::Detach->new;
63 our $GO = Catalyst::Exception::Go->new;
65 #I imagine that very few of these really need to be class variables. if any.
66 #maybe we should just make them attributes with a default?
67 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata($_)
68 for qw/container arguments dispatcher engine log dispatcher_class
69 engine_class context_class request_class response_class stats_class
72 __PACKAGE__->dispatcher_class('Catalyst::Dispatcher');
73 __PACKAGE__->engine_class('Catalyst::Engine::CGI');
74 __PACKAGE__->request_class('Catalyst::Request');
75 __PACKAGE__->response_class('Catalyst::Response');
76 __PACKAGE__->stats_class('Catalyst::Stats');
78 # Remember to update this in Catalyst::Runtime as well!
80 our $VERSION = '5.80033';
83 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
85 # We have to limit $class to Catalyst to avoid pushing Catalyst upon every
87 return unless $class eq 'Catalyst';
89 my $caller = caller();
90 return if $caller eq 'main';
92 my $meta = Moose::Meta::Class->initialize($caller);
94 unless ( $caller->isa('Catalyst') ) { # XXX - Remove!
95 my @superclasses = ($meta->superclasses, $class, 'Catalyst::Component'); # XXX - Remove!
96 $meta->superclasses(@superclasses); # XXX - Remove!
99 # Avoid possible C3 issues if 'Moose::Object' is already on RHS of MyApp
100 $meta->superclasses(grep { $_ ne 'Moose::Object' } $meta->superclasses);
102 unless( $meta->has_method('meta') ){
103 if ($Moose::VERSION >= 1.15) {
104 $meta->_add_meta_method('meta');
107 $meta->add_method(meta => sub { Moose::Meta::Class->initialize("${caller}") } );
111 $caller->arguments( [@arguments] );
115 sub MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES {
116 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
117 "Catalyst applications (aka MyApp) cannot be controllers anymore. " .
118 "That has been deprecated and removed. You should create a " .
119 "controller class called Root.pm, and move relevant code to that class."
124 sub _application { $_[0] }
128 Catalyst - The Elegant MVC Web Application Framework
132 See the L<Catalyst::Manual> distribution for comprehensive
133 documentation and tutorials.
135 # Install Catalyst::Devel for helpers and other development tools
136 # use the helper to create a new application
139 # add models, views, controllers
140 script/myapp_create.pl model MyDatabase DBIC::Schema create=static dbi:SQLite:/path/to/db
141 script/myapp_create.pl view MyTemplate TT
142 script/myapp_create.pl controller Search
144 # built in testserver -- use -r to restart automatically on changes
145 # --help to see all available options
146 script/myapp_server.pl
148 # command line testing interface
149 script/myapp_test.pl /yada
152 use Catalyst qw/-Debug/; # include plugins here as well
154 ### In lib/MyApp/Controller/Root.pm (autocreated)
155 sub foo : Global { # called for /foo, /foo/1, /foo/1/2, etc.
156 my ( $self, $c, @args ) = @_; # args are qw/1 2/ for /foo/1/2
157 $c->stash->{template} = 'foo.tt'; # set the template
158 # lookup something from db -- stash vars are passed to TT
160 $c->model('Database::Foo')->search( { country => $args[0] } );
161 if ( $c->req->params->{bar} ) { # access GET or POST parameters
162 $c->forward( 'bar' ); # process another action
163 # do something else after forward returns
167 # The foo.tt TT template can use the stash data from the database
168 [% WHILE (item = data.next) %]
172 # called for /bar/of/soap, /bar/of/soap/10, etc.
173 sub bar : Path('/bar/of/soap') { ... }
175 # called for all actions, from the top-most controller downwards
177 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
178 if ( !$c->user_exists ) { # Catalyst::Plugin::Authentication
179 $c->res->redirect( '/login' ); # require login
180 return 0; # abort request and go immediately to end()
182 return 1; # success; carry on to next action
185 # called after all actions are finished
187 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
188 if ( scalar @{ $c->error } ) { ... } # handle errors
189 return if $c->res->body; # already have a response
190 $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' ); # render template
193 ### in MyApp/Controller/Foo.pm
194 # called for /foo/bar
195 sub bar : Local { ... }
197 # called for /blargle
198 sub blargle : Global { ... }
200 # an index action matches /foo, but not /foo/1, etc.
201 sub index : Private { ... }
203 ### in MyApp/Controller/Foo/Bar.pm
204 # called for /foo/bar/baz
205 sub baz : Local { ... }
207 # first Root auto is called, then Foo auto, then this
208 sub auto : Private { ... }
210 # powerful regular expression paths are also possible
211 sub details : Regex('^product/(\w+)/details$') {
212 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
213 # extract the (\w+) from the URI
214 my $product = $c->req->captures->[0];
217 See L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro> for additional information.
221 Catalyst is a modern framework for making web applications without the
222 pain usually associated with this process. This document is a reference
223 to the main Catalyst application. If you are a new user, we suggest you
224 start with L<Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial> or L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro>.
226 See L<Catalyst::Manual> for more documentation.
228 Catalyst plugins can be loaded by naming them as arguments to the "use
229 Catalyst" statement. Omit the C<Catalyst::Plugin::> prefix from the
230 plugin name, i.e., C<Catalyst::Plugin::My::Module> becomes
233 use Catalyst qw/My::Module/;
235 If your plugin starts with a name other than C<Catalyst::Plugin::>, you can
236 fully qualify the name by using a unary plus:
240 +Fully::Qualified::Plugin::Name
243 Special flags like C<-Debug> and C<-Engine> can also be specified as
244 arguments when Catalyst is loaded:
246 use Catalyst qw/-Debug My::Module/;
248 The position of plugins and flags in the chain is important, because
249 they are loaded in the order in which they appear.
251 The following flags are supported:
255 Enables debug output. You can also force this setting from the system
256 environment with CATALYST_DEBUG or <MYAPP>_DEBUG. The environment
257 settings override the application, with <MYAPP>_DEBUG having the highest
260 This sets the log level to 'debug' and enables full debug output on the
261 error screen. If you only want the latter, see L<< $c->debug >>.
265 Forces Catalyst to use a specific engine. Omit the
266 C<Catalyst::Engine::> prefix of the engine name, i.e.:
268 use Catalyst qw/-Engine=CGI/;
272 Forces Catalyst to use a specific home directory, e.g.:
274 use Catalyst qw[-Home=/usr/mst];
276 This can also be done in the shell environment by setting either the
277 C<CATALYST_HOME> environment variable or C<MYAPP_HOME>; where C<MYAPP>
278 is replaced with the uppercased name of your application, any "::" in
279 the name will be replaced with underscores, e.g. MyApp::Web should use
280 MYAPP_WEB_HOME. If both variables are set, the MYAPP_HOME one will be used.
282 If none of these are set, Catalyst will attempt to automatically detect the
283 home directory. If you are working in a development envirnoment, Catalyst
284 will try and find the directory containing either Makefile.PL, Build.PL or
285 dist.ini. If the application has been installed into the system (i.e.
286 you have done C<make install>), then Catalyst will use the path to your
287 application module, without the .pm extension (ie, /foo/MyApp if your
288 application was installed at /foo/MyApp.pm)
292 use Catalyst '-Log=warn,fatal,error';
294 Specifies a comma-delimited list of log levels.
298 Enables statistics collection and reporting.
300 use Catalyst qw/-Stats=1/;
302 You can also force this setting from the system environment with CATALYST_STATS
303 or <MYAPP>_STATS. The environment settings override the application, with
304 <MYAPP>_STATS having the highest priority.
306 Stats are also enabled if L<< debugging |/"-Debug" >> is enabled.
310 =head2 INFORMATION ABOUT THE CURRENT REQUEST
314 Returns a L<Catalyst::Action> object for the current action, which
315 stringifies to the action name. See L<Catalyst::Action>.
319 Returns the namespace of the current action, i.e., the URI prefix
320 corresponding to the controller of the current action. For example:
322 # in Controller::Foo::Bar
323 $c->namespace; # returns 'foo/bar';
329 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Request> object, giving access to
330 information about the current client request (including parameters,
331 cookies, HTTP headers, etc.). See L<Catalyst::Request>.
333 =head2 REQUEST FLOW HANDLING
335 =head2 $c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )
337 =head2 $c->forward( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
339 Forwards processing to another action, by its private name. If you give a
340 class name but no method, C<process()> is called. You may also optionally
341 pass arguments in an arrayref. The action will receive the arguments in
342 C<@_> and C<< $c->req->args >>. Upon returning from the function,
343 C<< $c->req->args >> will be restored to the previous values.
345 Any data C<return>ed from the action forwarded to, will be returned by the
348 my $foodata = $c->forward('/foo');
349 $c->forward('index');
350 $c->forward(qw/Model::DBIC::Foo do_stuff/);
351 $c->forward('View::TT');
353 Note that L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >> implies
354 an C<< eval { } >> around the call (actually
355 L<< execute|/"$c->execute( $class, $coderef )" >> does), thus de-fatalizing
356 all 'dies' within the called action. If you want C<die> to propagate you
357 need to do something like:
360 die join "\n", @{ $c->error } if @{ $c->error };
362 Or make sure to always return true values from your actions and write
365 $c->forward('foo') || return;
367 Another note is that C<< $c->forward >> always returns a scalar because it
368 actually returns $c->state which operates in a scalar context.
369 Thus, something like:
373 in an action that is forwarded to is going to return a scalar,
374 i.e. how many items are in that array, which is probably not what you want.
375 If you need to return an array then return a reference to it,
378 $c->stash->{array} = \@array;
380 and access it from the stash.
382 Keep in mind that the C<end> method used is that of the caller action. So a C<$c-E<gt>detach> inside a forwarded action would run the C<end> method from the original action requested.
386 sub forward { my $c = shift; no warnings 'recursion'; $c->dispatcher->forward( $c, @_ ) }
388 =head2 $c->detach( $action [, \@arguments ] )
390 =head2 $c->detach( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
394 The same as L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>, but
395 doesn't return to the previous action when processing is finished.
397 When called with no arguments it escapes the processing chain entirely.
401 sub detach { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->detach( $c, @_ ) }
403 =head2 $c->visit( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
405 =head2 $c->visit( $class, $method, [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
407 Almost the same as L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>,
408 but does a full dispatch, instead of just calling the new C<$action> /
409 C<< $class->$method >>. This means that C<begin>, C<auto> and the method
410 you go to are called, just like a new request.
412 In addition both C<< $c->action >> and C<< $c->namespace >> are localized.
413 This means, for example, that C<< $c->action >> methods such as
414 L<name|Catalyst::Action/name>, L<class|Catalyst::Action/class> and
415 L<reverse|Catalyst::Action/reverse> return information for the visited action
416 when they are invoked within the visited action. This is different from the
417 behavior of L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>, which
418 continues to use the $c->action object from the caller action even when
419 invoked from the callee.
421 C<< $c->stash >> is kept unchanged.
423 In effect, L<< visit|/"$c->visit( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )" >>
424 allows you to "wrap" another action, just as it would have been called by
425 dispatching from a URL, while the analogous
426 L<< go|/"$c->go( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )" >> allows you to
427 transfer control to another action as if it had been reached directly from a URL.
431 sub visit { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->visit( $c, @_ ) }
433 =head2 $c->go( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
435 =head2 $c->go( $class, $method, [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
437 The relationship between C<go> and
438 L<< visit|/"$c->visit( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )" >> is the same as
439 the relationship between
440 L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )" >> and
441 L<< detach|/"$c->detach( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>. Like C<< $c->visit >>,
442 C<< $c->go >> will perform a full dispatch on the specified action or method,
443 with localized C<< $c->action >> and C<< $c->namespace >>. Like C<detach>,
444 C<go> escapes the processing of the current request chain on completion, and
445 does not return to its caller.
447 @arguments are arguments to the final destination of $action. @captures are
448 arguments to the intermediate steps, if any, on the way to the final sub of
453 sub go { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->go( $c, @_ ) }
459 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Response> object, see there for details.
463 Returns a hashref to the stash, which may be used to store data and pass
464 it between components during a request. You can also set hash keys by
465 passing arguments. The stash is automatically sent to the view. The
466 stash is cleared at the end of a request; it cannot be used for
467 persistent storage (for this you must use a session; see
468 L<Catalyst::Plugin::Session> for a complete system integrated with
471 $c->stash->{foo} = $bar;
472 $c->stash( { moose => 'majestic', qux => 0 } );
473 $c->stash( bar => 1, gorch => 2 ); # equivalent to passing a hashref
475 # stash is automatically passed to the view for use in a template
476 $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' );
480 around stash => sub {
483 my $stash = $orig->($c);
485 my $new_stash = @_ > 1 ? {@_} : $_[0];
486 croak('stash takes a hash or hashref') unless ref $new_stash;
487 foreach my $key ( keys %$new_stash ) {
488 $stash->{$key} = $new_stash->{$key};
498 =head2 $c->error($error, ...)
500 =head2 $c->error($arrayref)
502 Returns an arrayref containing error messages. If Catalyst encounters an
503 error while processing a request, it stores the error in $c->error. This
504 method should only be used to store fatal error messages.
506 my @error = @{ $c->error };
510 $c->error('Something bad happened');
517 my $error = ref $_[0] eq 'ARRAY' ? $_[0] : [@_];
518 croak @$error unless ref $c;
519 push @{ $c->{error} }, @$error;
521 elsif ( defined $_[0] ) { $c->{error} = undef }
522 return $c->{error} || [];
528 Contains the return value of the last executed action.
529 Note that << $c->state >> operates in a scalar context which means that all
530 values it returns are scalar.
532 =head2 $c->clear_errors
534 Clear errors. You probably don't want to clear the errors unless you are
535 implementing a custom error screen.
537 This is equivalent to running
548 =head2 COMPONENT ACCESSORS
550 =head2 $c->controller($name)
552 Gets a L<Catalyst::Controller> instance by name.
554 $c->controller('Foo')->do_stuff;
556 If the name is omitted, will return the controller for the dispatched
559 If you want to search for controllers, pass in a regexp as the argument.
561 # find all controllers that start with Foo
562 my @foo_controllers = $c->controller(qr{^Foo});
567 sub controller { shift->_lookup_mvc('controller', @_) }
569 =head2 $c->model($name)
571 Gets a L<Catalyst::Model> instance by name.
573 $c->model('Foo')->do_stuff;
575 Any extra arguments are directly passed to ACCEPT_CONTEXT.
577 If the name is omitted, it will look for
578 - a model object in $c->stash->{current_model_instance}, then
579 - a model name in $c->stash->{current_model}, then
580 - a config setting 'default_model', or
581 - check if there is only one model, and return it if that's the case.
583 If you want to search for models, pass in a regexp as the argument.
585 # find all models that start with Foo
586 my @foo_models = $c->model(qr{^Foo});
590 sub model { shift->_lookup_mvc('model', @_) }
592 =head2 $c->view($name)
594 Gets a L<Catalyst::View> instance by name.
596 $c->view('Foo')->do_stuff;
598 Any extra arguments are directly passed to ACCEPT_CONTEXT.
600 If the name is omitted, it will look for
601 - a view object in $c->stash->{current_view_instance}, then
602 - a view name in $c->stash->{current_view}, then
603 - a config setting 'default_view', or
604 - check if there is only one view, and return it if that's the case.
606 If you want to search for views, pass in a regexp as the argument.
608 # find all views that start with Foo
609 my @foo_views = $c->view(qr{^Foo});
613 sub view { shift->_lookup_mvc('view', @_) }
616 my ( $c, $type, $name, @args ) = @_;
618 if (ref $c && !$name && $type ne 'controller') {
619 my $current_instance = $c->stash->{"current_${type}_instance"};
620 return $current_instance
621 if $current_instance;
623 $name = $c->stash->{"current_${type}"};
626 $name ||= Catalyst::Utils::class2classshortsuffix($c->action->class);
628 return $c->container->get_component_from_sub_container($type, $name, $c, @args);
631 =head2 $c->controllers
633 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->controller
639 return $c->container->get_sub_container('controller')->get_service_list;
644 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->model
650 return $c->container->get_sub_container('model')->get_service_list;
656 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->view
662 return $c->container->get_sub_container('view')->get_service_list;
665 =head2 $c->comp($name)
667 =head2 $c->component($name)
669 Gets a component object by name. This method is not recommended,
670 unless you want to get a specific component by full
671 class. C<< $c->controller >>, C<< $c->model >>, and C<< $c->view >>
672 should be used instead.
674 If C<$name> is a regexp, a list of components matched against the full
675 component name will be returned.
680 my ( $c, $component, @args ) = @_;
682 unless ($component) {
683 $c->log->warn('Calling $c->component with no args is deprecated and ');
684 $c->log->warn('will be removed in a future release.');
685 $c->log->warn('Use $c->component_list instead.');
686 return $c->component_list;
689 my @result = $c->container->find_component( $component, $c, @args );
691 # list context for regexp searches
692 return @result if ref $component;
694 # only one component (if it's found) for string searches
695 return shift @result if @result;
697 if (ref $c eq $component) {
698 $c->log->warn('You are calling $c->comp("MyApp"). This behaviour is');
699 $c->log->warn('deprecated, and will be removed in a future release.');
703 $c->log->warn("Looking for '$component', but nothing was found.");
705 # I would expect to return an empty list here, but that breaks back-compat
706 $c->log->warn('Component not found, returning the list of existing');
707 $c->log->warn('components. This behavior is deprecated and will be');
708 $c->log->warn('removed in a future release. Use $c->component_list');
709 $c->log->warn('instead.');
711 return $c->component_list;
714 =head2 $c->component_list
716 Returns the sorted list of the component names of the application.
720 sub component_list { sort keys %{ shift->components } }
722 =head2 CLASS DATA AND HELPER CLASSES
726 Returns or takes a hashref containing the application's configuration.
728 __PACKAGE__->config( { db => 'dsn:SQLite:foo.db' } );
730 You can also use a C<YAML>, C<XML> or L<Config::General> config file
731 like C<myapp.conf> in your applications home directory. See
732 L<Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader>.
734 =head3 Cascading configuration
736 The config method is present on all Catalyst components, and configuration
737 will be merged when an application is started. Configuration loaded with
738 L<Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader> takes precedence over other configuration,
739 followed by configuration in your top level C<MyApp> class. These two
740 configurations are merged, and then configuration data whose hash key matches a
741 component name is merged with configuration for that component.
743 The configuration for a component is then passed to the C<new> method when a
744 component is constructed.
748 MyApp->config({ 'Model::Foo' => { bar => 'baz', overrides => 'me' } });
749 MyApp::Model::Foo->config({ quux => 'frob', overrides => 'this' });
751 will mean that C<MyApp::Model::Foo> receives the following data when
754 MyApp::Model::Foo->new({
760 It's common practice to use a Moose attribute
761 on the receiving component to access the config value.
763 package MyApp::Model::Foo;
767 # this attr will receive 'baz' at construction time
773 You can then get the value 'baz' by calling $c->model('Foo')->bar
774 (or $self->bar inside code in the model).
776 B<NOTE:> you MUST NOT call C<< $self->config >> or C<< __PACKAGE__->config >>
777 as a way of reading config within your code, as this B<will not> give you the
778 correctly merged config back. You B<MUST> take the config values supplied to
779 the constructor and use those instead.
783 around config => sub {
787 croak('Setting config after setup has been run is not allowed.')
788 if ( @_ and $c->setup_finished );
795 Returns the logging object instance. Unless it is already set, Catalyst
796 sets this up with a L<Catalyst::Log> object. To use your own log class,
797 set the logger with the C<< __PACKAGE__->log >> method prior to calling
798 C<< __PACKAGE__->setup >>.
800 __PACKAGE__->log( MyLogger->new );
805 $c->log->info( 'Now logging with my own logger!' );
807 Your log class should implement the methods described in
813 Returns 1 if debug mode is enabled, 0 otherwise.
815 You can enable debug mode in several ways:
819 =item By calling myapp_server.pl with the -d flag
821 =item With the environment variables MYAPP_DEBUG, or CATALYST_DEBUG
823 =item The -Debug option in your MyApp.pm
825 =item By declaring C<sub debug { 1 }> in your MyApp.pm.
829 The first three also set the log level to 'debug'.
831 Calling C<< $c->debug(1) >> has no effect.
837 =head2 $c->dispatcher
839 Returns the dispatcher instance. See L<Catalyst::Dispatcher>.
843 Returns the engine instance. See L<Catalyst::Engine>.
846 =head2 UTILITY METHODS
848 =head2 $c->path_to(@path)
850 Merges C<@path> with C<< $c->config->{home} >> and returns a
851 L<Path::Class::Dir> object. Note you can usually use this object as
852 a filename, but sometimes you will have to explicitly stringify it
853 yourself by calling the C<< ->stringify >> method.
857 $c->path_to( 'db', 'sqlite.db' );
862 my ( $c, @path ) = @_;
863 my $path = Path::Class::Dir->new( $c->config->{home}, @path );
864 if ( -d $path ) { return $path }
865 else { return Path::Class::File->new( $c->config->{home}, @path ) }
868 =head2 $c->plugin( $name, $class, @args )
870 Helper method for plugins. It creates a class data accessor/mutator and
871 loads and instantiates the given class.
873 MyApp->plugin( 'prototype', 'HTML::Prototype' );
875 $c->prototype->define_javascript_functions;
877 B<Note:> This method of adding plugins is deprecated. The ability
878 to add plugins like this B<will be removed> in a Catalyst 5.81.
879 Please do not use this functionality in new code.
884 my ( $class, $name, $plugin, @args ) = @_;
886 # See block comment in t/aggregate/unit_core_plugin.t
887 $class->log->warn(qq/Adding plugin using the ->plugin method is deprecated, and will be removed in Catalyst 5.81/);
889 $class->_register_plugin( $plugin, 1 );
891 eval { $plugin->import };
892 $class->mk_classdata($name);
894 eval { $obj = $plugin->new(@args) };
897 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
898 qq/Couldn't instantiate instant plugin "$plugin", "$@"/ );
902 $class->log->debug(qq/Initialized instant plugin "$plugin" as "$name"/)
908 Initializes the dispatcher and engine, loads any plugins, and loads the
909 model, view, and controller components. You may also specify an array
910 of plugins to load here, if you choose to not load them in the C<use
914 MyApp->setup( qw/-Debug/ );
919 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
920 croak('Running setup more than once')
921 if ( $class->setup_finished );
923 unless ( $class->isa('Catalyst') ) {
925 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
926 message => qq/'$class' does not inherit from Catalyst/ );
929 if ( $class->arguments ) {
930 @arguments = ( @arguments, @{ $class->arguments } );
936 foreach (@arguments) {
940 ( $flags->{log} ) ? 'debug,' . $flags->{log} : 'debug';
942 elsif (/^-(\w+)=?(.*)$/) {
943 $flags->{ lc $1 } = $2;
946 push @{ $flags->{plugins} }, $_;
950 $class->setup_config();
951 $class->setup_home( delete $flags->{home} );
953 $class->setup_log( delete $flags->{log} );
954 $class->setup_plugins( delete $flags->{plugins} );
955 $class->setup_dispatcher( delete $flags->{dispatcher} );
956 $class->setup_engine( delete $flags->{engine} );
957 $class->setup_stats( delete $flags->{stats} );
959 for my $flag ( sort keys %{$flags} ) {
961 if ( my $code = $class->can( 'setup_' . $flag ) ) {
962 &$code( $class, delete $flags->{$flag} );
965 $class->log->warn(qq/Unknown flag "$flag"/);
969 eval { require Catalyst::Devel; };
970 if( !$@ && $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} && ( $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} < $Catalyst::Devel::CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN ) ) {
971 $class->log->warn(<<"EOF");
972 You are running an old script!
974 Please update by running (this will overwrite existing files):
975 catalyst.pl -force -scripts $class
977 or (this will not overwrite existing files):
978 catalyst.pl -scripts $class
983 if ( $class->debug ) {
984 my @plugins = map { "$_ " . ( $_->VERSION || '' ) } $class->registered_plugins;
987 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 6;
988 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new($column_width);
989 $t->row($_) for @plugins;
990 $class->log->debug( "Loaded plugins:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" );
993 my $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher;
994 my $engine = $class->engine;
995 my $home = $class->config->{home};
997 $class->log->debug(sprintf(q/Loaded dispatcher "%s"/, blessed($dispatcher)));
998 $class->log->debug(sprintf(q/Loaded engine "%s"/, blessed($engine)));
1002 ? $class->log->debug(qq/Found home "$home"/)
1003 : $class->log->debug(qq/Home "$home" doesn't exist/)
1004 : $class->log->debug(q/Couldn't find home/);
1007 # Call plugins setup, this is stupid and evil.
1008 # Also screws C3 badly on 5.10, hack to avoid.
1010 no warnings qw/redefine/;
1011 local *setup = sub { };
1012 $class->setup unless $Catalyst::__AM_RESTARTING;
1015 $class->setup_components;
1019 my @comps_names_types = $class->container->get_components_names_types
1021 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 8 - 9;
1022 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ $column_width, 'Class' ], [ 8, 'Type' ] );
1023 $t->row( @$_ ) for @comps_names_types;
1025 $class->log->debug( "Loaded components:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" );
1028 $class->setup_actions;
1030 if ( $class->debug ) {
1031 my $name = $class->config->{name} || 'Application';
1032 $class->log->info("$name powered by Catalyst $Catalyst::VERSION");
1035 # Make sure that the application class becomes immutable at this point,
1036 B::Hooks::EndOfScope::on_scope_end {
1038 my $meta = Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class);
1041 && ! { $meta->immutable_options }->{replace_constructor}
1043 $class->isa('Class::Accessor::Fast')
1044 || $class->isa('Class::Accessor')
1047 warn "You made your application class ($class) immutable, "
1048 . "but did not inline the\nconstructor. "
1049 . "This will break catalyst, as your app \@ISA "
1050 . "Class::Accessor(::Fast)?\nPlease pass "
1051 . "(replace_constructor => 1)\nwhen making your class immutable.\n";
1053 $meta->make_immutable(
1054 replace_constructor => 1,
1055 ) unless $meta->is_immutable;
1058 if ($class->config->{case_sensitive}) {
1059 $class->log->warn($class . "->config->{case_sensitive} is set.");
1060 $class->log->warn("This setting is deprecated and planned to be removed in Catalyst 5.81.");
1063 $class->setup_finalize;
1064 # Should be the last thing we do so that user things hooking
1065 # setup_finalize can log..
1066 $class->log->_flush() if $class->log->can('_flush');
1067 return 1; # Explicit return true as people have __PACKAGE__->setup as the last thing in their class. HATE.
1070 =head2 $app->setup_finalize
1072 A hook to attach modifiers to. This method does not do anything except set the
1073 C<setup_finished> accessor.
1075 Applying method modifiers to the C<setup> method doesn't work, because of quirky things done for plugin setup.
1079 after setup_finalize => sub {
1087 sub setup_finalize {
1089 $class->setup_finished(1);
1092 =head2 $c->uri_for( $path?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1094 =head2 $c->uri_for( $action, \@captures?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1096 Constructs an absolute L<URI> object based on the application root, the
1097 provided path, and the additional arguments and query parameters provided.
1098 When used as a string, provides a textual URI. If you need more flexibility
1099 than this (i.e. the option to provide relative URIs etc.) see
1100 L<Catalyst::Plugin::SmartURI>.
1102 If no arguments are provided, the URI for the current action is returned.
1103 To return the current action and also provide @args, use
1104 C<< $c->uri_for( $c->action, @args ) >>.
1106 If the first argument is a string, it is taken as a public URI path relative
1107 to C<< $c->namespace >> (if it doesn't begin with a forward slash) or
1108 relative to the application root (if it does). It is then merged with
1109 C<< $c->request->base >>; any C<@args> are appended as additional path
1110 components; and any C<%query_values> are appended as C<?foo=bar> parameters.
1112 If the first argument is a L<Catalyst::Action> it represents an action which
1113 will have its path resolved using C<< $c->dispatcher->uri_for_action >>. The
1114 optional C<\@captures> argument (an arrayref) allows passing the captured
1115 variables that are needed to fill in the paths of Chained and Regex actions;
1116 once the path is resolved, C<uri_for> continues as though a path was
1117 provided, appending any arguments or parameters and creating an absolute
1120 The captures for the current request can be found in
1121 C<< $c->request->captures >>, and actions can be resolved using
1122 C<< Catalyst::Controller->action_for($name) >>. If you have a private action
1123 path, use C<< $c->uri_for_action >> instead.
1125 # Equivalent to $c->req->uri
1126 $c->uri_for($c->action, $c->req->captures,
1127 @{ $c->req->args }, $c->req->params);
1129 # For the Foo action in the Bar controller
1130 $c->uri_for($c->controller('Bar')->action_for('Foo'));
1132 # Path to a static resource
1133 $c->uri_for('/static/images/logo.png');
1138 my ( $c, $path, @args ) = @_;
1140 if (blessed($path) && $path->isa('Catalyst::Controller')) {
1141 $path = $path->path_prefix;
1146 undef($path) if (defined $path && $path eq '');
1149 ( scalar @args && ref $args[$#args] eq 'HASH' ? pop @args : {} );
1151 carp "uri_for called with undef argument" if grep { ! defined $_ } @args;
1152 foreach my $arg (@args) {
1153 utf8::encode($arg) if utf8::is_utf8($arg);
1154 $arg =~ s/([^$URI::uric])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1157 if ( blessed($path) ) { # action object
1158 s|/|%2F|g for @args;
1159 my $captures = [ map { s|/|%2F|g; $_; }
1160 ( scalar @args && ref $args[0] eq 'ARRAY'
1164 foreach my $capture (@$captures) {
1165 utf8::encode($capture) if utf8::is_utf8($capture);
1166 $capture =~ s/([^$URI::uric])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1170 $path = $c->dispatcher->uri_for_action($action, $captures);
1171 if (not defined $path) {
1172 $c->log->debug(qq/Can't find uri_for action '$action' @$captures/)
1176 $path = '/' if $path eq '';
1179 unshift(@args, $path);
1181 unless (defined $path && $path =~ s!^/!!) { # in-place strip
1182 my $namespace = $c->namespace;
1183 if (defined $path) { # cheesy hack to handle path '../foo'
1184 $namespace =~ s{(?:^|/)[^/]+$}{} while $args[0] =~ s{^\.\./}{};
1186 unshift(@args, $namespace || '');
1189 # join args with '/', or a blank string
1190 my $args = join('/', grep { defined($_) } @args);
1191 $args =~ s/\?/%3F/g; # STUPID STUPID SPECIAL CASE
1193 my $base = $c->req->base;
1194 my $class = ref($base);
1195 $base =~ s{(?<!/)$}{/};
1199 if (my @keys = keys %$params) {
1200 # somewhat lifted from URI::_query's query_form
1201 $query = '?'.join('&', map {
1202 my $val = $params->{$_};
1203 s/([;\/?:@&=+,\$\[\]%])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1206 $val = '' unless defined $val;
1209 utf8::encode( $param ) if utf8::is_utf8($param);
1210 # using the URI::Escape pattern here so utf8 chars survive
1211 $param =~ s/([^A-Za-z0-9\-_.!~*'() ])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1213 "${key}=$param"; } ( ref $val eq 'ARRAY' ? @$val : $val ));
1217 my $res = bless(\"${base}${args}${query}", $class);
1221 =head2 $c->uri_for_action( $path, \@captures?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1223 =head2 $c->uri_for_action( $action, \@captures?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1229 A private path to the Catalyst action you want to create a URI for.
1231 This is a shortcut for calling C<< $c->dispatcher->get_action_by_path($path)
1232 >> and passing the resulting C<$action> and the remaining arguments to C<<
1235 You can also pass in a Catalyst::Action object, in which case it is passed to
1238 Note that although the path looks like a URI that dispatches to the wanted action, it is not a URI, but an internal path to that action.
1240 For example, if the action looks like:
1242 package MyApp::Controller::Users;
1244 sub lst : Path('the-list') {}
1248 $c->uri_for_action('/users/lst')
1250 and it will create the URI /users/the-list.
1256 sub uri_for_action {
1257 my ( $c, $path, @args ) = @_;
1258 my $action = blessed($path)
1260 : $c->dispatcher->get_action_by_path($path);
1261 unless (defined $action) {
1262 croak "Can't find action for path '$path'";
1264 return $c->uri_for( $action, @args );
1267 =head2 $c->welcome_message
1269 Returns the Catalyst welcome HTML page.
1273 sub welcome_message {
1275 my $name = $c->config->{name};
1276 my $logo = $c->uri_for('/static/images/catalyst_logo.png');
1277 my $prefix = Catalyst::Utils::appprefix( ref $c );
1278 $c->response->content_type('text/html; charset=utf-8');
1280 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
1281 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
1282 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
1284 <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en" />
1285 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
1286 <title>$name on Catalyst $VERSION</title>
1287 <style type="text/css">
1290 background-color: #eee;
1297 margin-bottom: 10px;
1299 background-color: #ccc;
1300 border: 1px solid #aaa;
1305 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
1308 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
1311 text-decoration: none;
1313 border-bottom: 1px dotted #bbb;
1315 :link:hover, :visited:hover {
1328 background-color: #fff;
1329 border: 1px solid #aaa;
1333 font-weight: normal;
1355 <h1><span id="appname">$name</span> on <a href="http://catalyst.perl.org">Catalyst</a>
1360 <img src="$logo" alt="Catalyst Logo" />
1362 <p>Welcome to the world of Catalyst.
1363 This <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MVC">MVC</a>
1364 framework will make web development something you had
1365 never expected it to be: Fun, rewarding, and quick.</p>
1366 <h2>What to do now?</h2>
1367 <p>That really depends on what <b>you</b> want to do.
1368 We do, however, provide you with a few starting points.</p>
1369 <p>If you want to jump right into web development with Catalyst
1370 you might want to start with a tutorial.</p>
1371 <pre>perldoc <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/dist/Catalyst-Manual/lib/Catalyst/Manual/Tutorial.pod">Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial</a></code>
1373 <p>Afterwards you can go on to check out a more complete look at our features.</p>
1375 <code>perldoc <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/dist/Catalyst-Manual/lib/Catalyst/Manual/Intro.pod">Catalyst::Manual::Intro</a>
1376 <!-- Something else should go here, but the Catalyst::Manual link seems unhelpful -->
1378 <h2>What to do next?</h2>
1379 <p>Next it's time to write an actual application. Use the
1380 helper scripts to generate <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AController%3A%3A&mode=all">controllers</a>,
1381 <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AModel%3A%3A&mode=all">models</a>, and
1382 <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AView%3A%3A&mode=all">views</a>;
1383 they can save you a lot of work.</p>
1384 <pre><code>script/${prefix}_create.pl --help</code></pre>
1385 <p>Also, be sure to check out the vast and growing
1386 collection of <a href="http://search.cpan.org/search?query=Catalyst">plugins for Catalyst on CPAN</a>;
1387 you are likely to find what you need there.
1391 <p>Catalyst has a very active community. Here are the main places to
1392 get in touch with us.</p>
1395 <a href="http://dev.catalyst.perl.org">Wiki</a>
1398 <a href="http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst">Mailing-List</a>
1401 <a href="irc://irc.perl.org/catalyst">IRC channel #catalyst on irc.perl.org</a>
1404 <h2>In conclusion</h2>
1405 <p>The Catalyst team hopes you will enjoy using Catalyst as much
1406 as we enjoyed making it. Please contact us if you have ideas
1407 for improvement or other feedback.</p>
1415 =head1 INTERNAL METHODS
1417 These methods are not meant to be used by end users.
1419 =head2 $c->components
1421 Returns a hash of components.
1426 my ( $class, $comps ) = @_;
1428 # people create components calling this sub directly, before setup
1429 $class->setup_config unless $class->container;
1431 my $container = $class->container;
1434 $container->add_component( $_ ) for keys %$comps;
1437 return $container->get_all_components();
1440 =head2 $c->context_class
1442 Returns or sets the context class.
1446 Returns a hashref containing coderefs and execution counts (needed for
1447 deep recursion detection).
1451 Returns the number of actions on the current internal execution stack.
1455 Dispatches a request to actions.
1459 sub dispatch { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->dispatch( $c, @_ ) }
1461 =head2 $c->dispatcher_class
1463 Returns or sets the dispatcher class.
1465 =head2 $c->dump_these
1467 Returns a list of 2-element array references (name, structure) pairs
1468 that will be dumped on the error page in debug mode.
1474 [ Request => $c->req ],
1475 [ Response => $c->res ],
1476 [ Stash => $c->stash ],
1477 [ Config => $c->config ];
1480 =head2 $c->engine_class
1482 Returns or sets the engine class.
1484 =head2 $c->execute( $class, $coderef )
1486 Execute a coderef in given class and catch exceptions. Errors are available
1492 my ( $c, $class, $code ) = @_;
1493 $class = $c->component($class) || $class;
1496 if ( $c->depth >= $RECURSION ) {
1497 my $action = $code->reverse();
1498 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /->/;
1499 my $error = qq/Deep recursion detected calling "${action}"/;
1500 $c->log->error($error);
1506 my $stats_info = $c->_stats_start_execute( $code ) if $c->use_stats;
1508 push( @{ $c->stack }, $code );
1510 no warnings 'recursion';
1511 # N.B. This used to be combined, but I have seen $c get clobbered if so, and
1512 # I have no idea how, ergo $ret (which appears to fix the issue)
1513 eval { my $ret = $code->execute( $class, $c, @{ $c->req->args } ) || 0; $c->state( $ret ) };
1515 $c->_stats_finish_execute( $stats_info ) if $c->use_stats and $stats_info;
1517 my $last = pop( @{ $c->stack } );
1519 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1520 if ( blessed($error) and $error->isa('Catalyst::Exception::Detach') ) {
1521 $error->rethrow if $c->depth > 1;
1523 elsif ( blessed($error) and $error->isa('Catalyst::Exception::Go') ) {
1524 $error->rethrow if $c->depth > 0;
1527 unless ( ref $error ) {
1528 no warnings 'uninitialized';
1530 my $class = $last->class;
1531 my $name = $last->name;
1532 $error = qq/Caught exception in $class->$name "$error"/;
1541 sub _stats_start_execute {
1542 my ( $c, $code ) = @_;
1543 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
1544 return if ( ( $code->name =~ /^_.*/ )
1545 && ( !$appclass->config->{show_internal_actions} ) );
1547 my $action_name = $code->reverse();
1548 $c->counter->{$action_name}++;
1550 my $action = $action_name;
1551 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /->/;
1553 # determine if the call was the result of a forward
1554 # this is done by walking up the call stack and looking for a calling
1555 # sub of Catalyst::forward before the eval
1557 for my $index ( 2 .. 11 ) {
1559 if ( ( caller($index) )[0] eq 'Catalyst'
1560 && ( caller($index) )[3] eq '(eval)' );
1562 if ( ( caller($index) )[3] =~ /forward$/ ) {
1563 $callsub = ( caller($index) )[3];
1564 $action = "-> $action";
1569 my $uid = $action_name . $c->counter->{$action_name};
1571 # is this a root-level call or a forwarded call?
1572 if ( $callsub =~ /forward$/ ) {
1573 my $parent = $c->stack->[-1];
1575 # forward, locate the caller
1576 if ( defined $parent && exists $c->counter->{"$parent"} ) {
1579 parent => "$parent" . $c->counter->{"$parent"},
1585 # forward with no caller may come from a plugin
1604 sub _stats_finish_execute {
1605 my ( $c, $info ) = @_;
1606 $c->stats->profile( end => $info );
1611 Finalizes the request.
1618 for my $error ( @{ $c->error } ) {
1619 $c->log->error($error);
1622 # Allow engine to handle finalize flow (for POE)
1623 my $engine = $c->engine;
1624 if ( my $code = $engine->can('finalize') ) {
1629 $c->finalize_uploads;
1632 if ( $#{ $c->error } >= 0 ) {
1636 $c->finalize_headers;
1639 if ( $c->request->method eq 'HEAD' ) {
1640 $c->response->body('');
1648 if ($c->use_stats) {
1649 my $elapsed = sprintf '%f', $c->stats->elapsed;
1650 my $av = $elapsed == 0 ? '??' : sprintf '%.3f', 1 / $elapsed;
1652 "Request took ${elapsed}s ($av/s)\n" . $c->stats->report . "\n" );
1655 return $c->response->status;
1658 =head2 $c->finalize_body
1664 sub finalize_body { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_body( $c, @_ ) }
1666 =head2 $c->finalize_cookies
1672 sub finalize_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_cookies( $c, @_ ) }
1674 =head2 $c->finalize_error
1680 sub finalize_error { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_error( $c, @_ ) }
1682 =head2 $c->finalize_headers
1688 sub finalize_headers {
1691 my $response = $c->response; #accessor calls can add up?
1693 # Check if we already finalized headers
1694 return if $response->finalized_headers;
1697 if ( my $location = $response->redirect ) {
1698 $c->log->debug(qq/Redirecting to "$location"/) if $c->debug;
1699 $response->header( Location => $location );
1701 if ( !$response->has_body ) {
1702 # Add a default body if none is already present
1704 qq{<html><body><p>This item has moved <a href="$location">here</a>.</p></body></html>}
1710 if ( defined $response->body && length $response->body && !$response->content_length ) {
1712 # get the length from a filehandle
1713 if ( blessed( $response->body ) && $response->body->can('read') || ref( $response->body ) eq 'GLOB' )
1715 my $stat = stat $response->body;
1716 if ( $stat && $stat->size > 0 ) {
1717 $response->content_length( $stat->size );
1720 $c->log->warn('Serving filehandle without a content-length');
1724 # everything should be bytes at this point, but just in case
1725 $response->content_length( length( $response->body ) );
1730 if ( $response->status =~ /^(1\d\d|[23]04)$/ ) {
1731 $response->headers->remove_header("Content-Length");
1732 $response->body('');
1735 $c->finalize_cookies;
1737 $c->engine->finalize_headers( $c, @_ );
1740 $response->finalized_headers(1);
1743 =head2 $c->finalize_output
1745 An alias for finalize_body.
1747 =head2 $c->finalize_read
1749 Finalizes the input after reading is complete.
1753 sub finalize_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_read( $c, @_ ) }
1755 =head2 $c->finalize_uploads
1757 Finalizes uploads. Cleans up any temporary files.
1761 sub finalize_uploads { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_uploads( $c, @_ ) }
1763 =head2 $c->get_action( $action, $namespace )
1765 Gets an action in a given namespace.
1769 sub get_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_action(@_) }
1771 =head2 $c->get_actions( $action, $namespace )
1773 Gets all actions of a given name in a namespace and all parent
1778 sub get_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_actions( $c, @_ ) }
1780 =head2 $app->handle_request( @arguments )
1782 Called to handle each HTTP request.
1786 sub handle_request {
1787 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
1789 # Always expect worst case!
1792 if ($class->debug) {
1793 my $secs = time - $START || 1;
1794 my $av = sprintf '%.3f', $COUNT / $secs;
1795 my $time = localtime time;
1796 $class->log->info("*** Request $COUNT ($av/s) [$$] [$time] ***");
1799 my $c = $class->prepare(@arguments);
1801 $status = $c->finalize;
1804 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1806 $class->log->error(qq/Caught exception in engine "$error"/);
1811 if(my $coderef = $class->log->can('_flush')){
1812 $class->log->$coderef();
1817 =head2 $c->prepare( @arguments )
1819 Creates a Catalyst context from an engine-specific request (Apache, CGI,
1825 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
1828 # After the app/ctxt split, this should become an attribute based on something passed
1829 # into the application.
1830 $class->context_class( ref $class || $class ) unless $class->context_class;
1832 my $c = $class->context_class->new({});
1834 # For on-demand data
1835 $c->request->_context($c);
1836 $c->response->_context($c);
1838 #surely this is not the most efficient way to do things...
1839 $c->stats($class->stats_class->new)->enable($c->use_stats);
1840 if ( $c->debug || $c->config->{enable_catalyst_header} ) {
1841 $c->res->headers->header( 'X-Catalyst' => $Catalyst::VERSION );
1844 #XXX reuse coderef from can
1845 # Allow engine to direct the prepare flow (for POE)
1846 if ( $c->engine->can('prepare') ) {
1847 $c->engine->prepare( $c, @arguments );
1850 $c->prepare_request(@arguments);
1851 $c->prepare_connection;
1852 $c->prepare_query_parameters;
1853 $c->prepare_headers;
1854 $c->prepare_cookies;
1857 # Prepare the body for reading, either by prepare_body
1858 # or the user, if they are using $c->read
1861 # Parse the body unless the user wants it on-demand
1862 unless ( ref($c)->config->{parse_on_demand} ) {
1867 my $method = $c->req->method || '';
1868 my $path = $c->req->path;
1869 $path = '/' unless length $path;
1870 my $address = $c->req->address || '';
1879 =head2 $c->prepare_action
1881 Prepares action. See L<Catalyst::Dispatcher>.
1885 sub prepare_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->prepare_action( $c, @_ ) }
1887 =head2 $c->prepare_body
1889 Prepares message body.
1896 return if $c->request->_has_body;
1898 # Initialize on-demand data
1899 $c->engine->prepare_body( $c, @_ );
1900 $c->prepare_parameters;
1901 $c->prepare_uploads;
1904 =head2 $c->prepare_body_chunk( $chunk )
1906 Prepares a chunk of data before sending it to L<HTTP::Body>.
1908 See L<Catalyst::Engine>.
1912 sub prepare_body_chunk {
1914 $c->engine->prepare_body_chunk( $c, @_ );
1917 =head2 $c->prepare_body_parameters
1919 Prepares body parameters.
1923 sub prepare_body_parameters {
1925 $c->engine->prepare_body_parameters( $c, @_ );
1928 =head2 $c->prepare_connection
1930 Prepares connection.
1934 sub prepare_connection {
1936 $c->engine->prepare_connection( $c, @_ );
1939 =head2 $c->prepare_cookies
1945 sub prepare_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_cookies( $c, @_ ) }
1947 =head2 $c->prepare_headers
1953 sub prepare_headers { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_headers( $c, @_ ) }
1955 =head2 $c->prepare_parameters
1957 Prepares parameters.
1961 sub prepare_parameters {
1963 $c->prepare_body_parameters;
1964 $c->engine->prepare_parameters( $c, @_ );
1967 =head2 $c->prepare_path
1969 Prepares path and base.
1973 sub prepare_path { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_path( $c, @_ ) }
1975 =head2 $c->prepare_query_parameters
1977 Prepares query parameters.
1981 sub prepare_query_parameters {
1984 $c->engine->prepare_query_parameters( $c, @_ );
1987 =head2 $c->log_request
1989 Writes information about the request to the debug logs. This includes:
1993 =item * Request method, path, and remote IP address
1995 =item * Query keywords (see L<Catalyst::Request/query_keywords>)
1997 =item * Request parameters
1999 =item * File uploads
2008 return unless $c->debug;
2010 my($dump) = grep {$_->[0] eq 'Request' } $c->dump_these;
2011 my $request = $dump->[1];
2013 my ( $method, $path, $address ) = ( $request->method, $request->path, $request->address );
2015 $path = '/' unless length $path;
2017 $c->log->debug(qq/"$method" request for "$path" from "$address"/);
2019 $c->log_request_headers($request->headers);
2021 if ( my $keywords = $request->query_keywords ) {
2022 $c->log->debug("Query keywords are: $keywords");
2025 $c->log_request_parameters( query => $request->query_parameters, $request->_has_body ? (body => $request->body_parameters) : () );
2027 $c->log_request_uploads($request);
2030 =head2 $c->log_response
2032 Writes information about the response to the debug logs by calling
2033 C<< $c->log_response_status_line >> and C<< $c->log_response_headers >>.
2040 return unless $c->debug;
2042 my($dump) = grep {$_->[0] eq 'Response' } $c->dump_these;
2043 my $response = $dump->[1];
2045 $c->log_response_status_line($response);
2046 $c->log_response_headers($response->headers);
2049 =head2 $c->log_response_status_line($response)
2051 Writes one line of information about the response to the debug logs. This includes:
2055 =item * Response status code
2057 =item * Content-Type header (if present)
2059 =item * Content-Length header (if present)
2065 sub log_response_status_line {
2066 my ($c, $response) = @_;
2070 'Response Code: %s; Content-Type: %s; Content-Length: %s',
2071 $response->status || 'unknown',
2072 $response->headers->header('Content-Type') || 'unknown',
2073 $response->headers->header('Content-Length') || 'unknown'
2078 =head2 $c->log_response_headers($headers);
2080 Hook method which can be wrapped by plugins to log the responseheaders.
2081 No-op in the default implementation.
2085 sub log_response_headers {}
2087 =head2 $c->log_request_parameters( query => {}, body => {} )
2089 Logs request parameters to debug logs
2093 sub log_request_parameters {
2095 my %all_params = @_;
2097 return unless $c->debug;
2099 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 44;
2100 foreach my $type (qw(query body)) {
2101 my $params = $all_params{$type};
2102 next if ! keys %$params;
2103 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 35, 'Parameter' ], [ $column_width, 'Value' ] );
2104 for my $key ( sort keys %$params ) {
2105 my $param = $params->{$key};
2106 my $value = defined($param) ? $param : '';
2107 $t->row( $key, ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ? ( join ', ', @$value ) : $value );
2109 $c->log->debug( ucfirst($type) . " Parameters are:\n" . $t->draw );
2113 =head2 $c->log_request_uploads
2115 Logs file uploads included in the request to the debug logs.
2116 The parameter name, filename, file type, and file size are all included in
2121 sub log_request_uploads {
2123 my $request = shift;
2124 return unless $c->debug;
2125 my $uploads = $request->uploads;
2126 if ( keys %$uploads ) {
2127 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new(
2128 [ 12, 'Parameter' ],
2133 for my $key ( sort keys %$uploads ) {
2134 my $upload = $uploads->{$key};
2135 for my $u ( ref $upload eq 'ARRAY' ? @{$upload} : ($upload) ) {
2136 $t->row( $key, $u->filename, $u->type, $u->size );
2139 $c->log->debug( "File Uploads are:\n" . $t->draw );
2143 =head2 $c->log_request_headers($headers);
2145 Hook method which can be wrapped by plugins to log the request headers.
2146 No-op in the default implementation.
2150 sub log_request_headers {}
2152 =head2 $c->log_headers($type => $headers)
2154 Logs L<HTTP::Headers> (either request or response) to the debug logs.
2161 my $headers = shift; # an HTTP::Headers instance
2163 return unless $c->debug;
2165 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 28;
2166 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 15, 'Header Name' ], [ $column_width, 'Value' ] );
2169 my ( $name, $value ) = @_;
2170 $t->row( $name, $value );
2173 $c->log->debug( ucfirst($type) . " Headers:\n" . $t->draw );
2177 =head2 $c->prepare_read
2179 Prepares the input for reading.
2183 sub prepare_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_read( $c, @_ ) }
2185 =head2 $c->prepare_request
2187 Prepares the engine request.
2191 sub prepare_request { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_request( $c, @_ ) }
2193 =head2 $c->prepare_uploads
2199 sub prepare_uploads {
2202 $c->engine->prepare_uploads( $c, @_ );
2205 =head2 $c->prepare_write
2207 Prepares the output for writing.
2211 sub prepare_write { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_write( $c, @_ ) }
2213 =head2 $c->request_class
2215 Returns or sets the request class. Defaults to L<Catalyst::Request>.
2217 =head2 $c->response_class
2219 Returns or sets the response class. Defaults to L<Catalyst::Response>.
2221 =head2 $c->read( [$maxlength] )
2223 Reads a chunk of data from the request body. This method is designed to
2224 be used in a while loop, reading C<$maxlength> bytes on every call.
2225 C<$maxlength> defaults to the size of the request if not specified.
2227 You have to set C<< MyApp->config(parse_on_demand => 1) >> to use this
2230 Warning: If you use read(), Catalyst will not process the body,
2231 so you will not be able to access POST parameters or file uploads via
2232 $c->request. You must handle all body parsing yourself.
2236 sub read { my $c = shift; return $c->engine->read( $c, @_ ) }
2244 sub run { my $c = shift; return $c->engine->run( $c, @_ ) }
2246 =head2 $c->set_action( $action, $code, $namespace, $attrs )
2248 Sets an action in a given namespace.
2252 sub set_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->set_action( $c, @_ ) }
2254 =head2 $c->setup_actions($component)
2256 Sets up actions for a component.
2260 sub setup_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->setup_actions( $c, @_ ) }
2262 =head2 $c->setup_config
2269 my %args = %{ $class->config || {} };
2271 my @container_classes = ( "${class}::Container", 'Catalyst::IOC::Container');
2272 unshift @container_classes, delete $args{container_class} if exists $args{container_class};
2274 my $container_class = Class::MOP::load_first_existing_class(@container_classes);
2276 my $container = $container_class->new( %args, application_name => "$class", name => "$class" );
2277 $class->container($container);
2279 my $config = $container->resolve( service => 'config' );
2280 $class->config($config);
2281 $class->finalize_config; # back-compat
2284 =head2 $c->finalize_config
2288 sub finalize_config { }
2290 =head2 $c->setup_components
2292 This method is called internally to set up the application's components.
2294 It finds modules by calling the L<locate_components> method, expands them to
2295 package names with the $container->expand_component_module method, and then
2296 installs each component into the application.
2298 The C<setup_components> config option is passed to both of the above methods.
2302 sub setup_components {
2303 shift->container->setup_components();
2306 =head2 locate_components
2310 # FIXME - removed locate_components
2311 # don't people mess with this method directly?
2312 # what to do with that?
2314 sub locate_components {
2317 $class->log->warn('The locate_components method has been deprecated.');
2318 $class->log->warn('Please read Catalyst::IOC::Container documentation to');
2319 $class->log->warn('update your application.');
2321 # XXX think about ditching this sort entirely
2322 return sort { length $a <=> length $b }
2323 @{ $class->container->resolve( service => 'locate_components' ) };
2327 =head2 $c->setup_dispatcher
2333 sub setup_dispatcher {
2334 my ( $class, $dispatcher ) = @_;
2337 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $dispatcher;
2340 if ( my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'DISPATCHER' ) ) {
2341 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $env;
2344 unless ($dispatcher) {
2345 $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher_class;
2348 Class::MOP::load_class($dispatcher);
2350 # dispatcher instance
2351 $class->dispatcher( $dispatcher->new );
2354 =head2 $c->setup_engine
2361 my ( $class, $engine ) = @_;
2364 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::' . $engine;
2367 if ( my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'ENGINE' ) ) {
2368 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::' . $env;
2371 if ( $ENV{MOD_PERL} ) {
2372 my $meta = Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class);
2374 # create the apache method
2375 $meta->add_method('apache' => sub { shift->engine->apache });
2377 my ( $software, $version ) =
2378 $ENV{MOD_PERL} =~ /^(\S+)\/(\d+(?:[\.\_]\d+)+)/;
2381 $version =~ s/(\.[^.]+)\./$1/g;
2383 if ( $software eq 'mod_perl' ) {
2387 if ( $version >= 1.99922 ) {
2388 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Apache2::MP20';
2391 elsif ( $version >= 1.9901 ) {
2392 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Apache2::MP19';
2395 elsif ( $version >= 1.24 ) {
2396 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Apache::MP13';
2400 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
2401 qq/Unsupported mod_perl version: $ENV{MOD_PERL}/ );
2406 # install the correct mod_perl handler
2407 if ( $version >= 1.9901 ) {
2408 *handler = sub : method {
2409 shift->handle_request(@_);
2413 *handler = sub ($$) { shift->handle_request(@_) };
2418 elsif ( $software eq 'Zeus-Perl' ) {
2419 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Zeus';
2423 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
2424 message => qq/Unsupported mod_perl: $ENV{MOD_PERL}/ );
2429 $engine = $class->engine_class;
2432 Class::MOP::load_class($engine);
2434 # check for old engines that are no longer compatible
2436 if ( $engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Apache')
2437 && !Catalyst::Engine::Apache->VERSION )
2442 elsif ( $engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Server::Base')
2443 && Catalyst::Engine::Server->VERSION le '0.02' )
2448 elsif ($engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::HTTP::POE')
2449 && $engine->VERSION eq '0.01' )
2454 elsif ($engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Zeus')
2455 && $engine->VERSION eq '0.01' )
2461 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
2462 qq/Engine "$engine" is not supported by this version of Catalyst/
2467 $class->engine( $engine->new );
2470 =head2 $c->setup_home
2472 Sets up the home directory.
2477 my ( $class, $home ) = @_;
2479 if ( my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'HOME' ) ) {
2483 $home ||= Catalyst::Utils::home($class);
2486 #I remember recently being scolded for assigning config values like this
2487 $class->config->{home} ||= $home;
2488 $class->config->{root} ||= Path::Class::Dir->new($home)->subdir('root');
2492 =head2 $c->setup_log
2494 Sets up log by instantiating a L<Catalyst::Log|Catalyst::Log> object and
2495 passing it to C<log()>. Pass in a comma-delimited list of levels to set the
2498 This method also installs a C<debug> method that returns a true value into the
2499 catalyst subclass if the "debug" level is passed in the comma-delimited list,
2500 or if the C<$CATALYST_DEBUG> environment variable is set to a true value.
2502 Note that if the log has already been setup, by either a previous call to
2503 C<setup_log> or by a call such as C<< __PACKAGE__->log( MyLogger->new ) >>,
2504 that this method won't actually set up the log object.
2509 my ( $class, $levels ) = @_;
2512 $levels =~ s/^\s+//;
2513 $levels =~ s/\s+$//;
2514 my %levels = map { $_ => 1 } split /\s*,\s*/, $levels;
2516 my $env_debug = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'DEBUG' );
2517 if ( defined $env_debug ) {
2518 $levels{debug} = 1 if $env_debug; # Ugly!
2519 delete($levels{debug}) unless $env_debug;
2522 unless ( $class->log ) {
2523 $class->log( Catalyst::Log->new(keys %levels) );
2526 if ( $levels{debug} ) {
2527 Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class)->add_method('debug' => sub { 1 });
2528 $class->log->debug('Debug messages enabled');
2532 =head2 $c->setup_plugins
2538 =head2 $c->setup_stats
2540 Sets up timing statistics class.
2545 my ( $class, $stats ) = @_;
2547 Catalyst::Utils::ensure_class_loaded($class->stats_class);
2549 my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'STATS' );
2550 if ( defined($env) ? $env : ($stats || $class->debug ) ) {
2551 Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class)->add_method('use_stats' => sub { 1 });
2552 $class->log->debug('Statistics enabled');
2557 =head2 $c->registered_plugins
2559 Returns a sorted list of the plugins which have either been stated in the
2560 import list or which have been added via C<< MyApp->plugin(@args); >>.
2562 If passed a given plugin name, it will report a boolean value indicating
2563 whether or not that plugin is loaded. A fully qualified name is required if
2564 the plugin name does not begin with C<Catalyst::Plugin::>.
2566 if ($c->registered_plugins('Some::Plugin')) {
2574 sub registered_plugins {
2576 return sort keys %{ $proto->_plugins } unless @_;
2578 return 1 if exists $proto->_plugins->{$plugin};
2579 return exists $proto->_plugins->{"Catalyst::Plugin::$plugin"};
2582 sub _register_plugin {
2583 my ( $proto, $plugin, $instant ) = @_;
2584 my $class = ref $proto || $proto;
2586 Class::MOP::load_class( $plugin );
2587 $class->log->warn( "$plugin inherits from 'Catalyst::Component' - this is deprecated and will not work in 5.81" )
2588 if $plugin->isa( 'Catalyst::Component' );
2589 $proto->_plugins->{$plugin} = 1;
2591 my $meta = Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class);
2592 $meta->superclasses($plugin, $meta->superclasses);
2598 my ( $class, $plugins ) = @_;
2600 $class->_plugins( {} ) unless $class->_plugins;
2601 $plugins = Data::OptList::mkopt($plugins || []);
2604 [ Catalyst::Utils::resolve_namespace(
2605 $class . '::Plugin',
2606 'Catalyst::Plugin', $_->[0]
2612 for my $plugin ( reverse @plugins ) {
2613 Class::MOP::load_class($plugin->[0], $plugin->[1]);
2614 my $meta = find_meta($plugin->[0]);
2615 next if $meta && $meta->isa('Moose::Meta::Role');
2617 $class->_register_plugin($plugin->[0]);
2621 map { $_->[0]->name, $_->[1] }
2622 grep { blessed($_->[0]) && $_->[0]->isa('Moose::Meta::Role') }
2623 map { [find_meta($_->[0]), $_->[1]] }
2626 Moose::Util::apply_all_roles(
2634 Returns an arrayref of the internal execution stack (actions that are
2635 currently executing).
2639 Returns the current timing statistics object. By default Catalyst uses
2640 L<Catalyst::Stats|Catalyst::Stats>, but can be set otherwise with
2641 L<< stats_class|/"$c->stats_class" >>.
2643 Even if L<< -Stats|/"-Stats" >> is not enabled, the stats object is still
2644 available. By enabling it with C< $c->stats->enabled(1) >, it can be used to
2645 profile explicitly, although MyApp.pm still won't profile nor output anything
2648 =head2 $c->stats_class
2650 Returns or sets the stats (timing statistics) class. L<Catalyst::Stats|Catalyst::Stats> is used by default.
2652 =head2 $c->use_stats
2654 Returns 1 when L<< stats collection|/"-Stats" >> is enabled.
2656 Note that this is a static method, not an accessor and should be overridden
2657 by declaring C<sub use_stats { 1 }> in your MyApp.pm, not by calling C<< $c->use_stats(1) >>.
2664 =head2 $c->write( $data )
2666 Writes $data to the output stream. When using this method directly, you
2667 will need to manually set the C<Content-Length> header to the length of
2668 your output data, if known.
2675 # Finalize headers if someone manually writes output
2676 $c->finalize_headers;
2678 return $c->engine->write( $c, @_ );
2683 Returns the Catalyst version number. Mostly useful for "powered by"
2684 messages in template systems.
2688 sub version { return $Catalyst::VERSION }
2690 =head1 CONFIGURATION
2692 There are a number of 'base' config variables which can be set:
2698 C<default_model> - The default model picked if you say C<< $c->model >>. See L<< /$c->model($name) >>.
2702 C<default_view> - The default view to be rendered or returned when C<< $c->view >> is called. See L<< /$c->view($name) >>.
2706 C<home> - The application home directory. In an uninstalled application,
2707 this is the top level application directory. In an installed application,
2708 this will be the directory containing C<< MyApp.pm >>.
2712 C<ignore_frontend_proxy> - See L</PROXY SUPPORT>
2716 C<name> - The name of the application in debug messages and the debug and
2721 C<parse_on_demand> - The request body (for example file uploads) will not be parsed
2722 until it is accessed. This allows you to (for example) check authentication (and reject
2723 the upload) before actually recieving all the data. See L</ON-DEMAND PARSER>
2727 C<root> - The root directory for templates. Usually this is just a
2728 subdirectory of the home directory, but you can set it to change the
2729 templates to a different directory.
2733 C<show_internal_actions> - If true, causes internal actions such as C<< _DISPATCH >>
2734 to be shown in hit debug tables in the test server.
2738 C<use_request_uri_for_path> - Controlls if the C<REQUEST_URI> or C<PATH_INFO> environment
2739 variable should be used for determining the request path. See L<Catalyst::Engine::CGI/PATH DECODING>
2740 for more information.
2744 C<using_frontend_proxy> - See L</PROXY SUPPORT>.
2748 =head1 INTERNAL ACTIONS
2750 Catalyst uses internal actions like C<_DISPATCH>, C<_BEGIN>, C<_AUTO>,
2751 C<_ACTION>, and C<_END>. These are by default not shown in the private
2752 action table, but you can make them visible with a config parameter.
2754 MyApp->config(show_internal_actions => 1);
2756 =head1 ON-DEMAND PARSER
2758 The request body is usually parsed at the beginning of a request,
2759 but if you want to handle input yourself, you can enable on-demand
2760 parsing with a config parameter.
2762 MyApp->config(parse_on_demand => 1);
2764 =head1 PROXY SUPPORT
2766 Many production servers operate using the common double-server approach,
2767 with a lightweight frontend web server passing requests to a larger
2768 backend server. An application running on the backend server must deal
2769 with two problems: the remote user always appears to be C<127.0.0.1> and
2770 the server's hostname will appear to be C<localhost> regardless of the
2771 virtual host that the user connected through.
2773 Catalyst will automatically detect this situation when you are running
2774 the frontend and backend servers on the same machine. The following
2775 changes are made to the request.
2777 $c->req->address is set to the user's real IP address, as read from
2778 the HTTP X-Forwarded-For header.
2780 The host value for $c->req->base and $c->req->uri is set to the real
2781 host, as read from the HTTP X-Forwarded-Host header.
2783 Additionally, you may be running your backend application on an insecure
2784 connection (port 80) while your frontend proxy is running under SSL. If there
2785 is a discrepancy in the ports, use the HTTP header C<X-Forwarded-Port> to
2786 tell Catalyst what port the frontend listens on. This will allow all URIs to
2787 be created properly.
2789 In the case of passing in:
2791 X-Forwarded-Port: 443
2793 All calls to C<uri_for> will result in an https link, as is expected.
2795 Obviously, your web server must support these headers for this to work.
2797 In a more complex server farm environment where you may have your
2798 frontend proxy server(s) on different machines, you will need to set a
2799 configuration option to tell Catalyst to read the proxied data from the
2802 MyApp->config(using_frontend_proxy => 1);
2804 If you do not wish to use the proxy support at all, you may set:
2806 MyApp->config(ignore_frontend_proxy => 1);
2808 =head1 THREAD SAFETY
2810 Catalyst has been tested under Apache 2's threading C<mpm_worker>,
2811 C<mpm_winnt>, and the standalone forking HTTP server on Windows. We
2812 believe the Catalyst core to be thread-safe.
2814 If you plan to operate in a threaded environment, remember that all other
2815 modules you are using must also be thread-safe. Some modules, most notably
2816 L<DBD::SQLite>, are not thread-safe.
2822 Join #catalyst on irc.perl.org.
2826 http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst
2827 http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst-dev
2831 http://catalyst.perl.org
2835 http://dev.catalyst.perl.org
2839 =head2 L<Task::Catalyst> - All you need to start with Catalyst
2841 =head2 L<Catalyst::Manual> - The Catalyst Manual
2843 =head2 L<Catalyst::Component>, L<Catalyst::Controller> - Base classes for components
2845 =head2 L<Catalyst::Engine> - Core engine
2847 =head2 L<Catalyst::Log> - Log class.
2849 =head2 L<Catalyst::Request> - Request object
2851 =head2 L<Catalyst::Response> - Response object
2853 =head2 L<Catalyst::Test> - The test suite.
2855 =head1 PROJECT FOUNDER
2857 sri: Sebastian Riedel <sri@cpan.org>
2863 acme: Leon Brocard <leon@astray.com>
2865 abraxxa: Alexander Hartmaier <abraxxa@cpan.org>
2869 Andrew Ford E<lt>A.Ford@ford-mason.co.ukE<gt>
2875 andyg: Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
2877 audreyt: Audrey Tang
2879 bricas: Brian Cassidy <bricas@cpan.org>
2881 Caelum: Rafael Kitover <rkitover@io.com>
2883 chansen: Christian Hansen
2885 chicks: Christopher Hicks
2887 Chisel Wright C<pause@herlpacker.co.uk>
2889 Danijel Milicevic C<me@danijel.de>
2891 David Kamholz E<lt>dkamholz@cpan.orgE<gt>
2893 David Naughton, C<naughton@umn.edu>
2897 dhoss: Devin Austin <dhoss@cpan.org>
2899 dkubb: Dan Kubb <dan.kubb-cpan@onautopilot.com>
2903 dwc: Daniel Westermann-Clark <danieltwc@cpan.org>
2905 esskar: Sascha Kiefer
2907 fireartist: Carl Franks <cfranks@cpan.org>
2909 frew: Arthur Axel "fREW" Schmidt <frioux@gmail.com>
2911 gabb: Danijel Milicevic
2915 Gavin Henry C<ghenry@perl.me.uk>
2919 groditi: Guillermo Roditi <groditi@gmail.com>
2921 hobbs: Andrew Rodland <andrew@cleverdomain.org>
2923 ilmari: Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker <ilmari@ilmari.org>
2925 jcamacho: Juan Camacho
2927 jester: Jesse Sheidlower C<jester@panix.com>
2929 jhannah: Jay Hannah <jay@jays.net>
2935 jon: Jon Schutz <jjschutz@cpan.org>
2937 Jonathan Rockway C<< <jrockway@cpan.org> >>
2939 Kieren Diment C<kd@totaldatasolution.com>
2941 konobi: Scott McWhirter <konobi@cpan.org>
2943 marcus: Marcus Ramberg <mramberg@cpan.org>
2945 miyagawa: Tatsuhiko Miyagawa <miyagawa@bulknews.net>
2947 mst: Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
2951 naughton: David Naughton
2953 ningu: David Kamholz <dkamholz@cpan.org>
2955 nothingmuch: Yuval Kogman <nothingmuch@woobling.org>
2957 numa: Dan Sully <daniel@cpan.org>
2963 omega: Andreas Marienborg
2965 Oleg Kostyuk <cub.uanic@gmail.com>
2967 phaylon: Robert Sedlacek <phaylon@dunkelheit.at>
2969 rafl: Florian Ragwitz <rafl@debian.org>
2971 random: Roland Lammel <lammel@cpan.org>
2973 Robert Sedlacek C<< <rs@474.at> >>
2975 SpiceMan: Marcel Montes
2979 szbalint: Balint Szilakszi <szbalint@cpan.org>
2981 t0m: Tomas Doran <bobtfish@bobtfish.net>
2985 Viljo Marrandi C<vilts@yahoo.com>
2987 Will Hawes C<info@whawes.co.uk>
2989 willert: Sebastian Willert <willert@cpan.org>
2991 wreis: Wallace Reis <wallace@reis.org.br>
2993 Yuval Kogman, C<nothingmuch@woobling.org>
2995 rainboxx: Matthias Dietrich, C<perl@rainboxx.de>
2997 dd070: Dhaval Dhanani <dhaval070@gmail.com>
3001 Copyright (c) 2005, the above named PROJECT FOUNDER and CONTRIBUTORS.
3005 This library is free software. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
3006 the same terms as Perl itself.
3012 __PACKAGE__->meta->make_immutable;