4 use Moose::Meta::Class ();
5 extends 'Catalyst::Component';
6 use Moose::Util qw/find_meta/;
7 use namespace::clean -except => 'meta';
8 use Catalyst::Exception;
9 use Catalyst::Exception::Detach;
10 use Catalyst::Exception::Go;
12 use Catalyst::Request;
13 use Catalyst::Request::Upload;
14 use Catalyst::Response;
16 use Catalyst::Controller;
18 use Devel::InnerPackage ();
19 use Module::Pluggable::Object ();
20 use Text::SimpleTable ();
21 use Path::Class::Dir ();
22 use Path::Class::File ();
27 use Tree::Simple qw/use_weak_refs/;
28 use Tree::Simple::Visitor::FindByUID;
29 use Class::C3::Adopt::NEXT;
30 use List::MoreUtils qw/uniq/;
32 use String::RewritePrefix;
33 use Catalyst::EngineLoader;
35 use Carp qw/croak carp shortmess/;
38 use Moose::Util 'find_meta';
39 use Plack::Middleware::Conditional;
40 use Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy;
41 use Plack::Middleware::IIS6ScriptNameFix;
42 use Plack::Middleware::IIS7KeepAliveFix;
43 use Plack::Middleware::LighttpdScriptNameFix;
44 use Plack::Middleware::ContentLength;
45 use Plack::Middleware::Head;
46 use Plack::Middleware::HTTPExceptions;
47 use Plack::Middleware::FixMissingBodyInRedirect;
48 use Plack::Middleware::MethodOverride;
49 use Plack::Middleware::RemoveRedundantBody;
50 use Catalyst::Middleware::Stash;
52 use Class::Load 'load_class';
53 use Encode 2.21 'decode_utf8', 'encode_utf8';
55 BEGIN { require 5.008003; }
57 has stack => (is => 'ro', default => sub { [] });
58 has state => (is => 'rw', default => 0);
59 has stats => (is => 'rw');
60 has action => (is => 'rw');
61 has counter => (is => 'rw', default => sub { {} });
66 $self->request_class->new($self->_build_request_constructor_args);
70 sub _build_request_constructor_args {
72 my %p = ( _log => $self->log );
73 $p{_uploadtmp} = $self->_uploadtmp if $self->_has_uploadtmp;
74 $p{data_handlers} = {$self->registered_data_handlers};
75 $p{_use_hash_multivalue} = $self->config->{use_hash_multivalue_in_request}
76 if $self->config->{use_hash_multivalue_in_request};
84 $self->response_class->new($self->_build_response_constructor_args);
88 sub _build_response_constructor_args {
91 encoding => $_[0]->encoding,
95 has namespace => (is => 'rw');
97 sub depth { scalar @{ shift->stack || [] }; }
98 sub comp { shift->component(@_) }
101 my $self = shift; return $self->request(@_);
104 my $self = shift; return $self->response(@_);
107 # For backwards compatibility
108 sub finalize_output { shift->finalize_body(@_) };
113 our $RECURSION = 1000;
114 our $DETACH = Catalyst::Exception::Detach->new;
115 our $GO = Catalyst::Exception::Go->new;
117 #I imagine that very few of these really need to be class variables. if any.
118 #maybe we should just make them attributes with a default?
119 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata($_)
120 for qw/components arguments dispatcher engine log dispatcher_class
121 engine_loader context_class request_class response_class stats_class
122 setup_finished _psgi_app loading_psgi_file run_options _psgi_middleware
123 _data_handlers _encoding _encode_check/;
125 __PACKAGE__->dispatcher_class('Catalyst::Dispatcher');
126 __PACKAGE__->request_class('Catalyst::Request');
127 __PACKAGE__->response_class('Catalyst::Response');
128 __PACKAGE__->stats_class('Catalyst::Stats');
129 __PACKAGE__->_encode_check(Encode::FB_CROAK | Encode::LEAVE_SRC);
131 # Remember to update this in Catalyst::Runtime as well!
132 our $VERSION = '5.90079_003';
133 $VERSION = eval $VERSION if $VERSION =~ /_/; # numify for warning-free dev releases
136 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
138 # We have to limit $class to Catalyst to avoid pushing Catalyst upon every
140 return unless $class eq 'Catalyst';
142 my $caller = caller();
143 return if $caller eq 'main';
145 my $meta = Moose::Meta::Class->initialize($caller);
146 unless ( $caller->isa('Catalyst') ) {
147 my @superclasses = ($meta->superclasses, $class, 'Catalyst::Controller');
148 $meta->superclasses(@superclasses);
150 # Avoid possible C3 issues if 'Moose::Object' is already on RHS of MyApp
151 $meta->superclasses(grep { $_ ne 'Moose::Object' } $meta->superclasses);
153 unless( $meta->has_method('meta') ){
154 if ($Moose::VERSION >= 1.15) {
155 $meta->_add_meta_method('meta');
158 $meta->add_method(meta => sub { Moose::Meta::Class->initialize("${caller}") } );
162 $caller->arguments( [@arguments] );
166 sub _application { $_[0] }
172 Catalyst - The Elegant MVC Web Application Framework
176 See the L<Catalyst::Manual> distribution for comprehensive
177 documentation and tutorials.
179 # Install Catalyst::Devel for helpers and other development tools
180 # use the helper to create a new application
183 # add models, views, controllers
184 script/myapp_create.pl model MyDatabase DBIC::Schema create=static dbi:SQLite:/path/to/db
185 script/myapp_create.pl view MyTemplate TT
186 script/myapp_create.pl controller Search
188 # built in testserver -- use -r to restart automatically on changes
189 # --help to see all available options
190 script/myapp_server.pl
192 # command line testing interface
193 script/myapp_test.pl /yada
196 use Catalyst qw/-Debug/; # include plugins here as well
198 ### In lib/MyApp/Controller/Root.pm (autocreated)
199 sub foo : Chained('/') Args() { # called for /foo, /foo/1, /foo/1/2, etc.
200 my ( $self, $c, @args ) = @_; # args are qw/1 2/ for /foo/1/2
201 $c->stash->{template} = 'foo.tt'; # set the template
202 # lookup something from db -- stash vars are passed to TT
204 $c->model('Database::Foo')->search( { country => $args[0] } );
205 if ( $c->req->params->{bar} ) { # access GET or POST parameters
206 $c->forward( 'bar' ); # process another action
207 # do something else after forward returns
211 # The foo.tt TT template can use the stash data from the database
212 [% WHILE (item = data.next) %]
216 # called for /bar/of/soap, /bar/of/soap/10, etc.
217 sub bar : Chained('/') PathPart('/bar/of/soap') Args() { ... }
219 # called after all actions are finished
221 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
222 if ( scalar @{ $c->error } ) { ... } # handle errors
223 return if $c->res->body; # already have a response
224 $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' ); # render template
227 See L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro> for additional information.
231 Catalyst is a modern framework for making web applications without the
232 pain usually associated with this process. This document is a reference
233 to the main Catalyst application. If you are a new user, we suggest you
234 start with L<Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial> or L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro>.
236 See L<Catalyst::Manual> for more documentation.
238 Catalyst plugins can be loaded by naming them as arguments to the "use
239 Catalyst" statement. Omit the C<Catalyst::Plugin::> prefix from the
240 plugin name, i.e., C<Catalyst::Plugin::My::Module> becomes
243 use Catalyst qw/My::Module/;
245 If your plugin starts with a name other than C<Catalyst::Plugin::>, you can
246 fully qualify the name by using a unary plus:
250 +Fully::Qualified::Plugin::Name
253 Special flags like C<-Debug> can also be specified as
254 arguments when Catalyst is loaded:
256 use Catalyst qw/-Debug My::Module/;
258 The position of plugins and flags in the chain is important, because
259 they are loaded in the order in which they appear.
261 The following flags are supported:
265 Enables debug output. You can also force this setting from the system
266 environment with CATALYST_DEBUG or <MYAPP>_DEBUG. The environment
267 settings override the application, with <MYAPP>_DEBUG having the highest
270 This sets the log level to 'debug' and enables full debug output on the
271 error screen. If you only want the latter, see L<< $c->debug >>.
275 Forces Catalyst to use a specific home directory, e.g.:
277 use Catalyst qw[-Home=/usr/mst];
279 This can also be done in the shell environment by setting either the
280 C<CATALYST_HOME> environment variable or C<MYAPP_HOME>; where C<MYAPP>
281 is replaced with the uppercased name of your application, any "::" in
282 the name will be replaced with underscores, e.g. MyApp::Web should use
283 MYAPP_WEB_HOME. If both variables are set, the MYAPP_HOME one will be used.
285 If none of these are set, Catalyst will attempt to automatically detect the
286 home directory. If you are working in a development environment, Catalyst
287 will try and find the directory containing either Makefile.PL, Build.PL,
288 dist.ini, or cpanfile. If the application has been installed into the system
289 (i.e. you have done C<make install>), then Catalyst will use the path to your
290 application module, without the .pm extension (e.g., /foo/MyApp if your
291 application was installed at /foo/MyApp.pm)
295 use Catalyst '-Log=warn,fatal,error';
297 Specifies a comma-delimited list of log levels.
301 Enables statistics collection and reporting.
303 use Catalyst qw/-Stats=1/;
305 You can also force this setting from the system environment with CATALYST_STATS
306 or <MYAPP>_STATS. The environment settings override the application, with
307 <MYAPP>_STATS having the highest priority.
309 Stats are also enabled if L<< debugging |/"-Debug" >> is enabled.
313 =head2 INFORMATION ABOUT THE CURRENT REQUEST
317 Returns a L<Catalyst::Action> object for the current action, which
318 stringifies to the action name. See L<Catalyst::Action>.
322 Returns the namespace of the current action, i.e., the URI prefix
323 corresponding to the controller of the current action. For example:
325 # in Controller::Foo::Bar
326 $c->namespace; # returns 'foo/bar';
332 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Request> object, giving access to
333 information about the current client request (including parameters,
334 cookies, HTTP headers, etc.). See L<Catalyst::Request>.
336 =head2 REQUEST FLOW HANDLING
338 =head2 $c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )
340 =head2 $c->forward( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
342 This is one way of calling another action (method) in the same or
343 a different controller. You can also use C<< $self->my_method($c, @args) >>
344 in the same controller or C<< $c->controller('MyController')->my_method($c, @args) >>
345 in a different controller.
346 The main difference is that 'forward' uses some of the Catalyst request
347 cycle overhead, including debugging, which may be useful to you. On the
348 other hand, there are some complications to using 'forward', restrictions
349 on values returned from 'forward', and it may not handle errors as you prefer.
350 Whether you use 'forward' or not is up to you; it is not considered superior to
351 the other ways to call a method.
353 'forward' calls another action, by its private name. If you give a
354 class name but no method, C<process()> is called. You may also optionally
355 pass arguments in an arrayref. The action will receive the arguments in
356 C<@_> and C<< $c->req->args >>. Upon returning from the function,
357 C<< $c->req->args >> will be restored to the previous values.
359 Any data C<return>ed from the action forwarded to, will be returned by the
362 my $foodata = $c->forward('/foo');
363 $c->forward('index');
364 $c->forward(qw/Model::DBIC::Foo do_stuff/);
365 $c->forward('View::TT');
367 Note that L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >> implies
368 an C<< eval { } >> around the call (actually
369 L<< execute|/"$c->execute( $class, $coderef )" >> does), thus rendering all
370 exceptions thrown by the called action non-fatal and pushing them onto
371 $c->error instead. If you want C<die> to propagate you need to do something
375 die join "\n", @{ $c->error } if @{ $c->error };
377 Or make sure to always return true values from your actions and write
380 $c->forward('foo') || return;
382 Another note is that C<< $c->forward >> always returns a scalar because it
383 actually returns $c->state which operates in a scalar context.
384 Thus, something like:
388 in an action that is forwarded to is going to return a scalar,
389 i.e. how many items are in that array, which is probably not what you want.
390 If you need to return an array then return a reference to it,
393 $c->stash->{array} = \@array;
395 and access it from the stash.
397 Keep in mind that the C<end> method used is that of the caller action. So a C<$c-E<gt>detach> inside a forwarded action would run the C<end> method from the original action requested.
401 sub forward { my $c = shift; no warnings 'recursion'; $c->dispatcher->forward( $c, @_ ) }
403 =head2 $c->detach( $action [, \@arguments ] )
405 =head2 $c->detach( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
409 The same as L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>, but
410 doesn't return to the previous action when processing is finished.
412 When called with no arguments it escapes the processing chain entirely.
416 sub detach { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->detach( $c, @_ ) }
418 =head2 $c->visit( $action [, \@arguments ] )
420 =head2 $c->visit( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
422 =head2 $c->visit( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
424 =head2 $c->visit( $class, $method, [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
426 Almost the same as L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>,
427 but does a full dispatch, instead of just calling the new C<$action> /
428 C<< $class->$method >>. This means that C<begin>, C<auto> and the method
429 you go to are called, just like a new request.
431 In addition both C<< $c->action >> and C<< $c->namespace >> are localized.
432 This means, for example, that C<< $c->action >> methods such as
433 L<name|Catalyst::Action/name>, L<class|Catalyst::Action/class> and
434 L<reverse|Catalyst::Action/reverse> return information for the visited action
435 when they are invoked within the visited action. This is different from the
436 behavior of L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>, which
437 continues to use the $c->action object from the caller action even when
438 invoked from the called action.
440 C<< $c->stash >> is kept unchanged.
442 In effect, L<< visit|/"$c->visit( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )" >>
443 allows you to "wrap" another action, just as it would have been called by
444 dispatching from a URL, while the analogous
445 L<< go|/"$c->go( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )" >> allows you to
446 transfer control to another action as if it had been reached directly from a URL.
450 sub visit { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->visit( $c, @_ ) }
452 =head2 $c->go( $action [, \@arguments ] )
454 =head2 $c->go( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
456 =head2 $c->go( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
458 =head2 $c->go( $class, $method, [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
460 The relationship between C<go> and
461 L<< visit|/"$c->visit( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )" >> is the same as
462 the relationship between
463 L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )" >> and
464 L<< detach|/"$c->detach( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>. Like C<< $c->visit >>,
465 C<< $c->go >> will perform a full dispatch on the specified action or method,
466 with localized C<< $c->action >> and C<< $c->namespace >>. Like C<detach>,
467 C<go> escapes the processing of the current request chain on completion, and
468 does not return to its caller.
470 @arguments are arguments to the final destination of $action. @captures are
471 arguments to the intermediate steps, if any, on the way to the final sub of
476 sub go { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->go( $c, @_ ) }
482 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Response> object, see there for details.
486 Returns a hashref to the stash, which may be used to store data and pass
487 it between components during a request. You can also set hash keys by
488 passing arguments. The stash is automatically sent to the view. The
489 stash is cleared at the end of a request; it cannot be used for
490 persistent storage (for this you must use a session; see
491 L<Catalyst::Plugin::Session> for a complete system integrated with
494 $c->stash->{foo} = $bar;
495 $c->stash( { moose => 'majestic', qux => 0 } );
496 $c->stash( bar => 1, gorch => 2 ); # equivalent to passing a hashref
498 # stash is automatically passed to the view for use in a template
499 $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' );
501 The stash hash is currently stored in the PSGI C<$env> and is managed by
502 L<Catalyst::Middleware::Stash>. Since it's part of the C<$env> items in
503 the stash can be accessed in sub applications mounted under your main
504 L<Catalyst> application. For example if you delegate the response of an
505 action to another L<Catalyst> application, that sub application will have
506 access to all the stash keys of the main one, and if can of course add
507 more keys of its own. However those new keys will not 'bubble' back up
508 to the main application.
510 For more information the best thing to do is to review the test case:
511 t/middleware-stash.t in the distribution /t directory.
517 return Catalyst::Middleware::Stash::get_stash($c->req->env)->(@_);
522 =head2 $c->error($error, ...)
524 =head2 $c->error($arrayref)
526 Returns an arrayref containing error messages. If Catalyst encounters an
527 error while processing a request, it stores the error in $c->error. This
528 method should only be used to store fatal error messages.
530 my @error = @{ $c->error };
534 $c->error('Something bad happened');
541 my $error = ref $_[0] eq 'ARRAY' ? $_[0] : [@_];
542 croak @$error unless ref $c;
543 push @{ $c->{error} }, @$error;
545 elsif ( defined $_[0] ) { $c->{error} = undef }
546 return $c->{error} || [];
552 Contains the return value of the last executed action.
553 Note that << $c->state >> operates in a scalar context which means that all
554 values it returns are scalar.
556 =head2 $c->clear_errors
558 Clear errors. You probably don't want to clear the errors unless you are
559 implementing a custom error screen.
561 This is equivalent to running
572 =head2 $c->has_errors
574 Returns true if you have errors
578 sub has_errors { scalar(@{shift->error}) ? 1:0 }
580 sub _comp_search_prefixes {
582 return map $c->components->{ $_ }, $c->_comp_names_search_prefixes(@_);
585 # search components given a name and some prefixes
586 sub _comp_names_search_prefixes {
587 my ( $c, $name, @prefixes ) = @_;
588 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
589 my $filter = "^${appclass}::(" . join( '|', @prefixes ) . ')::';
590 $filter = qr/$filter/; # Compile regex now rather than once per loop
592 # map the original component name to the sub part that we will search against
593 my %eligible = map { my $n = $_; $n =~ s{^$appclass\::[^:]+::}{}; $_ => $n; }
594 grep { /$filter/ } keys %{ $c->components };
596 # undef for a name will return all
597 return keys %eligible if !defined $name;
599 my $query = $name->$_isa('Regexp') ? $name : qr/^$name$/i;
600 my @result = grep { $eligible{$_} =~ m{$query} } keys %eligible;
602 return @result if @result;
604 # if we were given a regexp to search against, we're done.
605 return if $name->$_isa('Regexp');
607 # skip regexp fallback if configured
609 if $appclass->config->{disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback};
613 @result = grep { $eligible{ $_ } =~ m{$query} } keys %eligible;
615 # no results? try against full names
617 @result = grep { m{$query} } keys %eligible;
620 # don't warn if we didn't find any results, it just might not exist
622 # Disgusting hack to work out correct method name
623 my $warn_for = lc $prefixes[0];
624 my $msg = "Used regexp fallback for \$c->${warn_for}('${name}'), which found '" .
625 (join '", "', @result) . "'. Relying on regexp fallback behavior for " .
626 "component resolution is unreliable and unsafe.";
627 my $short = $result[0];
628 # remove the component namespace prefix
629 $short =~ s/.*?(Model|Controller|View):://;
630 my $shortmess = Carp::shortmess('');
631 if ($shortmess =~ m#Catalyst/Plugin#) {
632 $msg .= " You probably need to set '$short' instead of '${name}' in this " .
634 } elsif ($shortmess =~ m#Catalyst/lib/(View|Controller)#) {
635 $msg .= " You probably need to set '$short' instead of '${name}' in this " .
636 "component's config";
638 $msg .= " You probably meant \$c->${warn_for}('$short') instead of \$c->${warn_for}('${name}'), " .
639 "but if you really wanted to search, pass in a regexp as the argument " .
640 "like so: \$c->${warn_for}(qr/${name}/)";
642 $c->log->warn( "${msg}$shortmess" );
648 # Find possible names for a prefix
650 my ( $c, @prefixes ) = @_;
651 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
653 my $filter = "^${appclass}::(" . join( '|', @prefixes ) . ')::';
655 my @names = map { s{$filter}{}; $_; }
656 $c->_comp_names_search_prefixes( undef, @prefixes );
661 # Filter a component before returning by calling ACCEPT_CONTEXT if available
662 sub _filter_component {
663 my ( $c, $comp, @args ) = @_;
665 if ( eval { $comp->can('ACCEPT_CONTEXT'); } ) {
666 return $comp->ACCEPT_CONTEXT( $c, @args );
672 =head2 COMPONENT ACCESSORS
674 =head2 $c->controller($name)
676 Gets a L<Catalyst::Controller> instance by name.
678 $c->controller('Foo')->do_stuff;
680 If the name is omitted, will return the controller for the dispatched
683 If you want to search for controllers, pass in a regexp as the argument.
685 # find all controllers that start with Foo
686 my @foo_controllers = $c->controller(qr{^Foo});
692 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
694 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
696 unless ( $name->$_isa('Regexp') ) { # Direct component hash lookup to avoid costly regexps
697 my $comps = $c->components;
698 my $check = $appclass."::Controller::".$name;
699 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{$check}, @args ) if exists $comps->{$check};
701 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Controller C/ );
702 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
703 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
706 return $c->component( $c->action->class );
709 =head2 $c->model($name)
711 Gets a L<Catalyst::Model> instance by name.
713 $c->model('Foo')->do_stuff;
715 Any extra arguments are directly passed to ACCEPT_CONTEXT.
717 If the name is omitted, it will look for
718 - a model object in $c->stash->{current_model_instance}, then
719 - a model name in $c->stash->{current_model}, then
720 - a config setting 'default_model', or
721 - check if there is only one model, and return it if that's the case.
723 If you want to search for models, pass in a regexp as the argument.
725 # find all models that start with Foo
726 my @foo_models = $c->model(qr{^Foo});
731 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
732 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
734 unless ( $name->$_isa('Regexp') ) { # Direct component hash lookup to avoid costly regexps
735 my $comps = $c->components;
736 my $check = $appclass."::Model::".$name;
737 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{$check}, @args ) if exists $comps->{$check};
739 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Model M/ );
740 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
741 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
745 return $c->stash->{current_model_instance}
746 if $c->stash->{current_model_instance};
747 return $c->model( $c->stash->{current_model} )
748 if $c->stash->{current_model};
750 return $c->model( $appclass->config->{default_model} )
751 if $appclass->config->{default_model};
753 my( $comp, $rest ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( undef, qw/Model M/);
756 $c->log->warn( Carp::shortmess('Calling $c->model() will return a random model unless you specify one of:') );
757 $c->log->warn( '* $c->config(default_model => "the name of the default model to use")' );
758 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_model} # the name of the model to use for this request' );
759 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_model_instance} # the instance of the model to use for this request' );
760 $c->log->warn( 'NB: in version 5.81, the "random" behavior will not work at all.' );
763 return $c->_filter_component( $comp );
767 =head2 $c->view($name)
769 Gets a L<Catalyst::View> instance by name.
771 $c->view('Foo')->do_stuff;
773 Any extra arguments are directly passed to ACCEPT_CONTEXT.
775 If the name is omitted, it will look for
776 - a view object in $c->stash->{current_view_instance}, then
777 - a view name in $c->stash->{current_view}, then
778 - a config setting 'default_view', or
779 - check if there is only one view, and return it if that's the case.
781 If you want to search for views, pass in a regexp as the argument.
783 # find all views that start with Foo
784 my @foo_views = $c->view(qr{^Foo});
789 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
791 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
793 unless ( $name->$_isa('Regexp') ) { # Direct component hash lookup to avoid costly regexps
794 my $comps = $c->components;
795 my $check = $appclass."::View::".$name;
796 if( exists $comps->{$check} ) {
797 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{$check}, @args );
800 $c->log->warn( "Attempted to use view '$check', but does not exist" );
803 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/View V/ );
804 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
805 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
809 return $c->stash->{current_view_instance}
810 if $c->stash->{current_view_instance};
811 return $c->view( $c->stash->{current_view} )
812 if $c->stash->{current_view};
814 return $c->view( $appclass->config->{default_view} )
815 if $appclass->config->{default_view};
817 my( $comp, $rest ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( undef, qw/View V/);
820 $c->log->warn( 'Calling $c->view() will return a random view unless you specify one of:' );
821 $c->log->warn( '* $c->config(default_view => "the name of the default view to use")' );
822 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_view} # the name of the view to use for this request' );
823 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_view_instance} # the instance of the view to use for this request' );
824 $c->log->warn( 'NB: in version 5.81, the "random" behavior will not work at all.' );
827 return $c->_filter_component( $comp );
830 =head2 $c->controllers
832 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->controller
838 return $c->_comp_names(qw/Controller C/);
843 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->model
849 return $c->_comp_names(qw/Model M/);
855 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->view
861 return $c->_comp_names(qw/View V/);
864 =head2 $c->comp($name)
866 =head2 $c->component($name)
868 Gets a component object by name. This method is not recommended,
869 unless you want to get a specific component by full
870 class. C<< $c->controller >>, C<< $c->model >>, and C<< $c->view >>
871 should be used instead.
873 If C<$name> is a regexp, a list of components matched against the full
874 component name will be returned.
876 If Catalyst can't find a component by name, it will fallback to regex
877 matching by default. To disable this behaviour set
878 disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback to a true value.
880 __PACKAGE__->config( disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback => 1 );
885 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
888 my $comps = $c->components;
891 # is it the exact name?
892 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{ $name }, @args )
893 if exists $comps->{ $name };
895 # perhaps we just omitted "MyApp"?
896 my $composed = ( ref $c || $c ) . "::${name}";
897 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{ $composed }, @args )
898 if exists $comps->{ $composed };
900 # search all of the models, views and controllers
901 my( $comp ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Model M Controller C View V/ );
902 return $c->_filter_component( $comp, @args ) if $comp;
906 if $c->config->{disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback};
908 # This is here so $c->comp( '::M::' ) works
909 my $query = ref $name ? $name : qr{$name}i;
911 my @result = grep { m{$query} } keys %{ $c->components };
912 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
915 $c->log->warn( Carp::shortmess(qq(Found results for "${name}" using regexp fallback)) );
916 $c->log->warn( 'Relying on the regexp fallback behavior for component resolution' );
917 $c->log->warn( 'is unreliable and unsafe. You have been warned' );
918 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
921 # I would expect to return an empty list here, but that breaks back-compat
925 return sort keys %{ $c->components };
928 =head2 CLASS DATA AND HELPER CLASSES
932 Returns or takes a hashref containing the application's configuration.
934 __PACKAGE__->config( { db => 'dsn:SQLite:foo.db' } );
936 You can also use a C<YAML>, C<XML> or L<Config::General> config file
937 like C<myapp.conf> in your applications home directory. See
938 L<Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader>.
940 =head3 Cascading configuration
942 The config method is present on all Catalyst components, and configuration
943 will be merged when an application is started. Configuration loaded with
944 L<Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader> takes precedence over other configuration,
945 followed by configuration in your top level C<MyApp> class. These two
946 configurations are merged, and then configuration data whose hash key matches a
947 component name is merged with configuration for that component.
949 The configuration for a component is then passed to the C<new> method when a
950 component is constructed.
954 MyApp->config({ 'Model::Foo' => { bar => 'baz', overrides => 'me' } });
955 MyApp::Model::Foo->config({ quux => 'frob', overrides => 'this' });
957 will mean that C<MyApp::Model::Foo> receives the following data when
960 MyApp::Model::Foo->new({
966 It's common practice to use a Moose attribute
967 on the receiving component to access the config value.
969 package MyApp::Model::Foo;
973 # this attr will receive 'baz' at construction time
979 You can then get the value 'baz' by calling $c->model('Foo')->bar
980 (or $self->bar inside code in the model).
982 B<NOTE:> you MUST NOT call C<< $self->config >> or C<< __PACKAGE__->config >>
983 as a way of reading config within your code, as this B<will not> give you the
984 correctly merged config back. You B<MUST> take the config values supplied to
985 the constructor and use those instead.
989 around config => sub {
993 croak('Setting config after setup has been run is not allowed.')
994 if ( @_ and $c->setup_finished );
1001 Returns the logging object instance. Unless it is already set, Catalyst
1002 sets this up with a L<Catalyst::Log> object. To use your own log class,
1003 set the logger with the C<< __PACKAGE__->log >> method prior to calling
1004 C<< __PACKAGE__->setup >>.
1006 __PACKAGE__->log( MyLogger->new );
1011 $c->log->info( 'Now logging with my own logger!' );
1013 Your log class should implement the methods described in
1018 Sets or gets the application encoding.
1027 # Let it be set to undef
1028 if (my $wanted = shift) {
1029 $encoding = Encode::find_encoding($wanted)
1030 or Carp::croak( qq/Unknown encoding '$wanted'/ );
1031 binmode(STDERR, ':encoding(' . $encoding->name . ')');
1038 ? $c->{encoding} = $encoding
1039 : $c->_encoding($encoding);
1041 $encoding = ref $c && exists $c->{encoding}
1051 Returns 1 if debug mode is enabled, 0 otherwise.
1053 You can enable debug mode in several ways:
1057 =item By calling myapp_server.pl with the -d flag
1059 =item With the environment variables MYAPP_DEBUG, or CATALYST_DEBUG
1061 =item The -Debug option in your MyApp.pm
1063 =item By declaring C<sub debug { 1 }> in your MyApp.pm.
1067 The first three also set the log level to 'debug'.
1069 Calling C<< $c->debug(1) >> has no effect.
1075 =head2 $c->dispatcher
1077 Returns the dispatcher instance. See L<Catalyst::Dispatcher>.
1081 Returns the engine instance. See L<Catalyst::Engine>.
1084 =head2 UTILITY METHODS
1086 =head2 $c->path_to(@path)
1088 Merges C<@path> with C<< $c->config->{home} >> and returns a
1089 L<Path::Class::Dir> object. Note you can usually use this object as
1090 a filename, but sometimes you will have to explicitly stringify it
1091 yourself by calling the C<< ->stringify >> method.
1095 $c->path_to( 'db', 'sqlite.db' );
1100 my ( $c, @path ) = @_;
1101 my $path = Path::Class::Dir->new( $c->config->{home}, @path );
1102 if ( -d $path ) { return $path }
1103 else { return Path::Class::File->new( $c->config->{home}, @path ) }
1107 my ( $class, $name, $plugin, @args ) = @_;
1109 # See block comment in t/unit_core_plugin.t
1110 $class->log->warn(qq/Adding plugin using the ->plugin method is deprecated, and will be removed in a future release/);
1112 $class->_register_plugin( $plugin, 1 );
1114 eval { $plugin->import };
1115 $class->mk_classdata($name);
1117 eval { $obj = $plugin->new(@args) };
1120 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
1121 qq/Couldn't instantiate instant plugin "$plugin", "$@"/ );
1124 $class->$name($obj);
1125 $class->log->debug(qq/Initialized instant plugin "$plugin" as "$name"/)
1131 Initializes the dispatcher and engine, loads any plugins, and loads the
1132 model, view, and controller components. You may also specify an array
1133 of plugins to load here, if you choose to not load them in the C<use
1137 MyApp->setup( qw/-Debug/ );
1139 B<Note:> You B<should not> wrap this method with method modifiers
1140 or bad things will happen - wrap the C<setup_finalize> method instead.
1145 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
1146 croak('Running setup more than once')
1147 if ( $class->setup_finished );
1149 unless ( $class->isa('Catalyst') ) {
1151 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
1152 message => qq/'$class' does not inherit from Catalyst/ );
1155 if ( $class->arguments ) {
1156 @arguments = ( @arguments, @{ $class->arguments } );
1162 foreach (@arguments) {
1166 ( $flags->{log} ) ? 'debug,' . $flags->{log} : 'debug';
1168 elsif (/^-(\w+)=?(.*)$/) {
1169 $flags->{ lc $1 } = $2;
1172 push @{ $flags->{plugins} }, $_;
1176 $class->setup_home( delete $flags->{home} );
1178 $class->setup_log( delete $flags->{log} );
1179 $class->setup_plugins( delete $flags->{plugins} );
1181 $class->setup_data_handlers();
1182 $class->setup_dispatcher( delete $flags->{dispatcher} );
1183 if (my $engine = delete $flags->{engine}) {
1184 $class->log->warn("Specifying the engine in ->setup is no longer supported, see Catalyst::Upgrading");
1186 $class->setup_engine();
1187 $class->setup_stats( delete $flags->{stats} );
1189 for my $flag ( sort keys %{$flags} ) {
1191 if ( my $code = $class->can( 'setup_' . $flag ) ) {
1192 &$code( $class, delete $flags->{$flag} );
1195 $class->log->warn(qq/Unknown flag "$flag"/);
1199 eval { require Catalyst::Devel; };
1200 if( !$@ && $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} && ( $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} < $Catalyst::Devel::CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN ) ) {
1201 $class->log->warn(<<"EOF");
1202 You are running an old script!
1204 Please update by running (this will overwrite existing files):
1205 catalyst.pl -force -scripts $class
1207 or (this will not overwrite existing files):
1208 catalyst.pl -scripts $class
1213 # Call plugins setup, this is stupid and evil.
1214 # Also screws C3 badly on 5.10, hack to avoid.
1216 no warnings qw/redefine/;
1217 local *setup = sub { };
1218 $class->setup unless $Catalyst::__AM_RESTARTING;
1221 # If you are expecting configuration info as part of your setup, it needs
1222 # to get called here and below, since we need the above line to support
1223 # ConfigLoader based configs.
1225 $class->setup_encoding();
1226 $class->setup_middleware();
1228 # Initialize our data structure
1229 $class->components( {} );
1231 $class->setup_components;
1233 if ( $class->debug ) {
1234 my @plugins = map { "$_ " . ( $_->VERSION || '' ) } $class->registered_plugins;
1237 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 6;
1238 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new($column_width);
1239 $t->row($_) for @plugins;
1240 $class->log->debug( "Loaded plugins:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" );
1243 my @middleware = map {
1246 (ref($_) .' '. ($_->can('VERSION') ? $_->VERSION || '' : '')
1247 || '') } $class->registered_middlewares;
1250 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 6;
1251 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new($column_width);
1252 $t->row($_) for @middleware;
1253 $class->log->debug( "Loaded PSGI Middleware:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" );
1256 my %dh = $class->registered_data_handlers;
1257 if (my @data_handlers = keys %dh) {
1258 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 6;
1259 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new($column_width);
1260 $t->row($_) for @data_handlers;
1261 $class->log->debug( "Loaded Request Data Handlers:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" );
1264 my $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher;
1265 my $engine = $class->engine;
1266 my $home = $class->config->{home};
1268 $class->log->debug(sprintf(q/Loaded dispatcher "%s"/, blessed($dispatcher)));
1269 $class->log->debug(sprintf(q/Loaded engine "%s"/, blessed($engine)));
1273 ? $class->log->debug(qq/Found home "$home"/)
1274 : $class->log->debug(qq/Home "$home" doesn't exist/)
1275 : $class->log->debug(q/Couldn't find home/);
1277 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 8 - 9;
1278 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ $column_width, 'Class' ], [ 8, 'Type' ] );
1279 for my $comp ( sort keys %{ $class->components } ) {
1280 my $type = ref $class->components->{$comp} ? 'instance' : 'class';
1281 $t->row( $comp, $type );
1283 $class->log->debug( "Loaded components:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" )
1284 if ( keys %{ $class->components } );
1287 # Add our self to components, since we are also a component
1288 if( $class->isa('Catalyst::Controller') ){
1289 $class->components->{$class} = $class;
1292 $class->setup_actions;
1294 if ( $class->debug ) {
1295 my $name = $class->config->{name} || 'Application';
1296 $class->log->info("$name powered by Catalyst $Catalyst::VERSION");
1299 if ($class->config->{case_sensitive}) {
1300 $class->log->warn($class . "->config->{case_sensitive} is set.");
1301 $class->log->warn("This setting is deprecated and planned to be removed in Catalyst 5.81.");
1304 $class->setup_finalize;
1306 # Flush the log for good measure (in case something turned off 'autoflush' early)
1307 $class->log->_flush() if $class->log->can('_flush');
1309 return $class || 1; # Just in case someone named their Application 0...
1312 =head2 $app->setup_finalize
1314 A hook to attach modifiers to. This method does not do anything except set the
1315 C<setup_finished> accessor.
1317 Applying method modifiers to the C<setup> method doesn't work, because of quirky things done for plugin setup.
1321 after setup_finalize => sub {
1329 sub setup_finalize {
1331 $class->setup_finished(1);
1334 =head2 $c->uri_for( $path?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1336 =head2 $c->uri_for( $action, \@captures?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1338 =head2 $c->uri_for( $action, [@captures, @args], \%query_values? )
1340 Constructs an absolute L<URI> object based on the application root, the
1341 provided path, and the additional arguments and query parameters provided.
1342 When used as a string, provides a textual URI. If you need more flexibility
1343 than this (i.e. the option to provide relative URIs etc.) see
1344 L<Catalyst::Plugin::SmartURI>.
1346 If no arguments are provided, the URI for the current action is returned.
1347 To return the current action and also provide @args, use
1348 C<< $c->uri_for( $c->action, @args ) >>.
1350 If the first argument is a string, it is taken as a public URI path relative
1351 to C<< $c->namespace >> (if it doesn't begin with a forward slash) or
1352 relative to the application root (if it does). It is then merged with
1353 C<< $c->request->base >>; any C<@args> are appended as additional path
1354 components; and any C<%query_values> are appended as C<?foo=bar> parameters.
1356 If the first argument is a L<Catalyst::Action> it represents an action which
1357 will have its path resolved using C<< $c->dispatcher->uri_for_action >>. The
1358 optional C<\@captures> argument (an arrayref) allows passing the captured
1359 variables that are needed to fill in the paths of Chained and Regex actions;
1360 once the path is resolved, C<uri_for> continues as though a path was
1361 provided, appending any arguments or parameters and creating an absolute
1364 The captures for the current request can be found in
1365 C<< $c->request->captures >>, and actions can be resolved using
1366 C<< Catalyst::Controller->action_for($name) >>. If you have a private action
1367 path, use C<< $c->uri_for_action >> instead.
1369 # Equivalent to $c->req->uri
1370 $c->uri_for($c->action, $c->req->captures,
1371 @{ $c->req->args }, $c->req->params);
1373 # For the Foo action in the Bar controller
1374 $c->uri_for($c->controller('Bar')->action_for('Foo'));
1376 # Path to a static resource
1377 $c->uri_for('/static/images/logo.png');
1379 In general the scheme of the generated URI object will follow the incoming request
1380 however if your targeted action or action chain has the Scheme attribute it will
1386 my ( $c, $path, @args ) = @_;
1388 if ( $path->$_isa('Catalyst::Controller') ) {
1389 $path = $path->path_prefix;
1394 undef($path) if (defined $path && $path eq '');
1397 ( scalar @args && ref $args[$#args] eq 'HASH' ? pop @args : {} );
1399 carp "uri_for called with undef argument" if grep { ! defined $_ } @args;
1401 my @encoded_args = ();
1402 foreach my $arg (@args) {
1403 if(ref($arg)||'' eq 'ARRAY') {
1404 push @encoded_args, [map {
1405 my $encoded = encode_utf8 $_;
1406 $encoded =~ s/([^$URI::uric])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1410 push @encoded_args, do {
1411 my $encoded = encode_utf8 $arg;
1412 $encoded =~ s/([^$URI::uric])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1418 my $target_action = $path->$_isa('Catalyst::Action') ? $path : undef;
1419 if ( $path->$_isa('Catalyst::Action') ) { # action object
1420 s|/|%2F|g for @encoded_args;
1421 my $captures = [ map { s|/|%2F|g; $_; }
1422 ( scalar @encoded_args && ref $encoded_args[0] eq 'ARRAY'
1423 ? @{ shift(@encoded_args) }
1427 # ->uri_for( $action, \@captures_and_args, \%query_values? )
1428 if( !@encoded_args && $action->number_of_args ) {
1429 my $expanded_action = $c->dispatcher->expand_action( $action );
1430 my $num_captures = $expanded_action->number_of_captures;
1431 unshift @encoded_args, splice @$captures, $num_captures;
1434 $path = $c->dispatcher->uri_for_action($action, $captures);
1435 if (not defined $path) {
1436 $c->log->debug(qq/Can't find uri_for action '$action' @$captures/)
1440 $path = '/' if $path eq '';
1443 unshift(@encoded_args, $path);
1445 unless (defined $path && $path =~ s!^/!!) { # in-place strip
1446 my $namespace = $c->namespace;
1447 if (defined $path) { # cheesy hack to handle path '../foo'
1448 $namespace =~ s{(?:^|/)[^/]+$}{} while $encoded_args[0] =~ s{^\.\./}{};
1450 unshift(@encoded_args, $namespace || '');
1453 # join args with '/', or a blank string
1454 my $args = join('/', grep { defined($_) } @encoded_args);
1455 $args =~ s/\?/%3F/g; # STUPID STUPID SPECIAL CASE
1458 my ($base, $class) = ('/', 'URI::_generic');
1460 $base = $c->req->base;
1461 if($target_action) {
1462 $target_action = $c->dispatcher->expand_action($target_action);
1463 if(my $s = $target_action->scheme) {
1468 $class = ref($base);
1471 $class = ref($base);
1474 $base =~ s{(?<!/)$}{/};
1479 if (my @keys = keys %$params) {
1480 # somewhat lifted from URI::_query's query_form
1481 $query = '?'.join('&', map {
1482 my $val = $params->{$_};
1483 #s/([;\/?:@&=+,\$\[\]%])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go; ## Commented out because seems to lead to double encoding - JNAP
1486 $val = '' unless defined $val;
1489 $param = encode_utf8($param);
1490 # using the URI::Escape pattern here so utf8 chars survive
1491 $param =~ s/([^A-Za-z0-9\-_.!~*'() ])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1494 $key = encode_utf8($key);
1495 # using the URI::Escape pattern here so utf8 chars survive
1496 $key =~ s/([^A-Za-z0-9\-_.!~*'() ])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1499 "${key}=$param"; } ( ref $val eq 'ARRAY' ? @$val : $val ));
1503 my $res = bless(\"${base}${args}${query}", $class);
1507 =head2 $c->uri_for_action( $path, \@captures_and_args?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1509 =head2 $c->uri_for_action( $action, \@captures_and_args?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1515 A private path to the Catalyst action you want to create a URI for.
1517 This is a shortcut for calling C<< $c->dispatcher->get_action_by_path($path)
1518 >> and passing the resulting C<$action> and the remaining arguments to C<<
1521 You can also pass in a Catalyst::Action object, in which case it is passed to
1524 Note that although the path looks like a URI that dispatches to the wanted action, it is not a URI, but an internal path to that action.
1526 For example, if the action looks like:
1528 package MyApp::Controller::Users;
1530 sub lst : Path('the-list') {}
1534 $c->uri_for_action('/users/lst')
1536 and it will create the URI /users/the-list.
1538 =item \@captures_and_args?
1540 Optional array reference of Captures (i.e. C<<CaptureArgs or $c->req->captures>)
1541 and arguments to the request. Usually used with L<Catalyst::DispatchType::Chained>
1542 to interpolate all the parameters in the URI.
1546 Optional list of extra arguments - can be supplied in the
1547 C<< \@captures_and_args? >> array ref, or here - whichever is easier for your
1550 Your action can have zero, a fixed or a variable number of args (e.g.
1551 C<< Args(1) >> for a fixed number or C<< Args() >> for a variable number)..
1553 =item \%query_values?
1555 Optional array reference of query parameters to append. E.g.
1561 /rest/of/your/uri?foo=bar
1567 sub uri_for_action {
1568 my ( $c, $path, @args ) = @_;
1569 my $action = blessed($path)
1571 : $c->dispatcher->get_action_by_path($path);
1572 unless (defined $action) {
1573 croak "Can't find action for path '$path'";
1575 return $c->uri_for( $action, @args );
1578 =head2 $c->welcome_message
1580 Returns the Catalyst welcome HTML page.
1584 sub welcome_message {
1586 my $name = $c->config->{name};
1587 my $logo = $c->uri_for('/static/images/catalyst_logo.png');
1588 my $prefix = Catalyst::Utils::appprefix( ref $c );
1589 $c->response->content_type('text/html; charset=utf-8');
1591 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
1592 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
1593 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
1595 <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en" />
1596 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
1597 <title>$name on Catalyst $VERSION</title>
1598 <style type="text/css">
1601 background-color: #eee;
1608 margin-bottom: 10px;
1610 background-color: #ccc;
1611 border: 1px solid #aaa;
1616 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
1619 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
1622 text-decoration: none;
1624 border-bottom: 1px dotted #bbb;
1626 :link:hover, :visited:hover {
1639 background-color: #fff;
1640 border: 1px solid #aaa;
1644 font-weight: normal;
1666 <h1><span id="appname">$name</span> on <a href="http://catalyst.perl.org">Catalyst</a>
1671 <img src="$logo" alt="Catalyst Logo" />
1673 <p>Welcome to the world of Catalyst.
1674 This <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MVC">MVC</a>
1675 framework will make web development something you had
1676 never expected it to be: Fun, rewarding, and quick.</p>
1677 <h2>What to do now?</h2>
1678 <p>That really depends on what <b>you</b> want to do.
1679 We do, however, provide you with a few starting points.</p>
1680 <p>If you want to jump right into web development with Catalyst
1681 you might want to start with a tutorial.</p>
1682 <pre>perldoc <a href="https://metacpan.org/module/Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial">Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial</a></code>
1684 <p>Afterwards you can go on to check out a more complete look at our features.</p>
1686 <code>perldoc <a href="https://metacpan.org/module/Catalyst::Manual::Intro">Catalyst::Manual::Intro</a>
1687 <!-- Something else should go here, but the Catalyst::Manual link seems unhelpful -->
1689 <h2>What to do next?</h2>
1690 <p>Next it's time to write an actual application. Use the
1691 helper scripts to generate <a href="https://metacpan.org/search?q=Catalyst%3A%3AController">controllers</a>,
1692 <a href="https://metacpan.org/search?q=Catalyst%3A%3AModel">models</a>, and
1693 <a href="https://metacpan.org/search?q=Catalyst%3A%3AView">views</a>;
1694 they can save you a lot of work.</p>
1695 <pre><code>script/${prefix}_create.pl --help</code></pre>
1696 <p>Also, be sure to check out the vast and growing
1697 collection of <a href="http://search.cpan.org/search?query=Catalyst">plugins for Catalyst on CPAN</a>;
1698 you are likely to find what you need there.
1702 <p>Catalyst has a very active community. Here are the main places to
1703 get in touch with us.</p>
1706 <a href="http://dev.catalyst.perl.org">Wiki</a>
1709 <a href="http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst">Mailing-List</a>
1712 <a href="irc://irc.perl.org/catalyst">IRC channel #catalyst on irc.perl.org</a>
1715 <h2>In conclusion</h2>
1716 <p>The Catalyst team hopes you will enjoy using Catalyst as much
1717 as we enjoyed making it. Please contact us if you have ideas
1718 for improvement or other feedback.</p>
1728 Contains a hash of options passed from the application script, including
1729 the original ARGV the script received, the processed values from that
1730 ARGV and any extra arguments to the script which were not processed.
1732 This can be used to add custom options to your application's scripts
1733 and setup your application differently depending on the values of these
1736 =head1 INTERNAL METHODS
1738 These methods are not meant to be used by end users.
1740 =head2 $c->components
1742 Returns a hash of components.
1744 =head2 $c->context_class
1746 Returns or sets the context class.
1750 Returns a hashref containing coderefs and execution counts (needed for
1751 deep recursion detection).
1755 Returns the number of actions on the current internal execution stack.
1759 Dispatches a request to actions.
1763 sub dispatch { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->dispatch( $c, @_ ) }
1765 =head2 $c->dispatcher_class
1767 Returns or sets the dispatcher class.
1769 =head2 $c->dump_these
1771 Returns a list of 2-element array references (name, structure) pairs
1772 that will be dumped on the error page in debug mode.
1778 [ Request => $c->req ],
1779 [ Response => $c->res ],
1780 [ Stash => $c->stash ],
1781 [ Config => $c->config ];
1784 =head2 $c->engine_class
1786 Returns or sets the engine class.
1788 =head2 $c->execute( $class, $coderef )
1790 Execute a coderef in given class and catch exceptions. Errors are available
1796 my ( $c, $class, $code ) = @_;
1797 $class = $c->component($class) || $class;
1800 if ( $c->depth >= $RECURSION ) {
1801 my $action = $code->reverse();
1802 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /->/;
1803 my $error = qq/Deep recursion detected calling "${action}"/;
1804 $c->log->error($error);
1810 my $stats_info = $c->_stats_start_execute( $code ) if $c->use_stats;
1812 push( @{ $c->stack }, $code );
1814 no warnings 'recursion';
1815 # N.B. This used to be combined, but I have seen $c get clobbered if so, and
1816 # I have no idea how, ergo $ret (which appears to fix the issue)
1817 eval { my $ret = $code->execute( $class, $c, @{ $c->req->args } ) || 0; $c->state( $ret ) };
1819 $c->_stats_finish_execute( $stats_info ) if $c->use_stats and $stats_info;
1821 my $last = pop( @{ $c->stack } );
1823 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1824 #rethow if this can be handled by middleware
1827 $error->can('as_psgi') ||
1829 $error->can('code') &&
1830 $error->code =~m/^[1-5][0-9][0-9]$/
1834 foreach my $err (@{$c->error}) {
1835 $c->log->error($err);
1838 $c->log->_flush if $c->log->can('_flush');
1840 $error->can('rethrow') ? $error->rethrow : croak $error;
1842 if ( blessed($error) and $error->isa('Catalyst::Exception::Detach') ) {
1843 $error->rethrow if $c->depth > 1;
1845 elsif ( blessed($error) and $error->isa('Catalyst::Exception::Go') ) {
1846 $error->rethrow if $c->depth > 0;
1849 unless ( ref $error ) {
1850 no warnings 'uninitialized';
1852 my $class = $last->class;
1853 my $name = $last->name;
1854 $error = qq/Caught exception in $class->$name "$error"/;
1863 sub _stats_start_execute {
1864 my ( $c, $code ) = @_;
1865 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
1866 return if ( ( $code->name =~ /^_.*/ )
1867 && ( !$appclass->config->{show_internal_actions} ) );
1869 my $action_name = $code->reverse();
1870 $c->counter->{$action_name}++;
1872 my $action = $action_name;
1873 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /->/;
1875 # determine if the call was the result of a forward
1876 # this is done by walking up the call stack and looking for a calling
1877 # sub of Catalyst::forward before the eval
1879 for my $index ( 2 .. 11 ) {
1881 if ( ( caller($index) )[0] eq 'Catalyst'
1882 && ( caller($index) )[3] eq '(eval)' );
1884 if ( ( caller($index) )[3] =~ /forward$/ ) {
1885 $callsub = ( caller($index) )[3];
1886 $action = "-> $action";
1891 my $uid = $action_name . $c->counter->{$action_name};
1893 # is this a root-level call or a forwarded call?
1894 if ( $callsub =~ /forward$/ ) {
1895 my $parent = $c->stack->[-1];
1897 # forward, locate the caller
1898 if ( defined $parent && exists $c->counter->{"$parent"} ) {
1901 parent => "$parent" . $c->counter->{"$parent"},
1907 # forward with no caller may come from a plugin
1926 sub _stats_finish_execute {
1927 my ( $c, $info ) = @_;
1928 $c->stats->profile( end => $info );
1933 Finalizes the request.
1940 for my $error ( @{ $c->error } ) {
1941 $c->log->error($error);
1944 # Support skipping finalize for psgix.io style 'jailbreak'. Used to support
1945 # stuff like cometd and websockets
1947 if($c->request->_has_io_fh) {
1952 # Allow engine to handle finalize flow (for POE)
1953 my $engine = $c->engine;
1954 if ( my $code = $engine->can('finalize') ) {
1959 $c->finalize_uploads;
1962 if ( $#{ $c->error } >= 0 ) {
1966 $c->finalize_encoding;
1967 $c->finalize_headers unless $c->response->finalized_headers;
1973 if ($c->use_stats) {
1974 my $elapsed = $c->stats->elapsed;
1975 my $av = $elapsed == 0 ? '??' : sprintf '%.3f', 1 / $elapsed;
1977 "Request took ${elapsed}s ($av/s)\n" . $c->stats->report . "\n" );
1980 return $c->response->status;
1983 =head2 $c->finalize_body
1989 sub finalize_body { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_body( $c, @_ ) }
1991 =head2 $c->finalize_cookies
1997 sub finalize_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_cookies( $c, @_ ) }
1999 =head2 $c->finalize_error
2001 Finalizes error. If there is only one error in L</error> and it is an object that
2002 does C<as_psgi> or C<code> we rethrow the error and presume it caught by middleware
2003 up the ladder. Otherwise we return the debugging error page (in debug mode) or we
2004 return the default error page (production mode).
2008 sub finalize_error {
2010 if($#{$c->error} > 0) {
2011 $c->engine->finalize_error( $c, @_ );
2013 my ($error) = @{$c->error};
2016 ($error->can('as_psgi') || $error->can('code'))
2018 # In the case where the error 'knows what it wants', becauses its PSGI
2019 # aware, just rethow and let middleware catch it
2020 $error->can('rethrow') ? $error->rethrow : croak $error;
2022 $c->engine->finalize_error( $c, @_ )
2027 =head2 $c->finalize_headers
2033 sub finalize_headers {
2036 my $response = $c->response; #accessor calls can add up?
2038 # Check if we already finalized headers
2039 return if $response->finalized_headers;
2042 if ( my $location = $response->redirect ) {
2043 $c->log->debug(qq/Redirecting to "$location"/) if $c->debug;
2044 $response->header( Location => $location );
2047 # Remove incorrectly added body and content related meta data when returning
2048 # an information response, or a response the is required to not include a body
2050 $c->finalize_cookies;
2052 $c->response->finalize_headers();
2054 if(my $enc = $c->encoding) {
2055 my ($ct, $ct_enc) = $c->response->content_type;
2057 # Only touch 'text-like' contents
2058 if($c->response->content_type =~ /^text|xml$|javascript$/) {
2059 if ($ct_enc && $ct_enc =~ /charset=([^;]*)/) {
2060 if (uc($1) ne uc($enc->mime_name)) {
2061 $c->log->debug("Catalyst encoding config is set to encode in '" .
2063 "', content type is '$1', not encoding ");
2066 $c->res->content_type($c->res->content_type . "; charset=" . $enc->mime_name);
2072 $response->finalized_headers(1);
2075 =head2 $c->finalize_encoding
2077 Make sure your body is encoded properly IF you set an encoding. By
2078 default the encoding is UTF-8 but you can disable it by explictly setting the
2079 encoding configuration value to undef.
2085 sub finalize_encoding {
2088 my $body = $c->response->body;
2090 return unless defined($body);
2092 my $enc = $c->encoding;
2096 # Only touch 'text-like' contents
2097 if($c->response->content_type =~ /^text|xml$|javascript$/) {
2098 if (ref(\$body) eq 'SCALAR') {
2099 $c->response->body( $c->encoding->encode( $body, $c->_encode_check ) );
2104 =head2 $c->finalize_output
2106 An alias for finalize_body.
2108 =head2 $c->finalize_read
2110 Finalizes the input after reading is complete.
2114 sub finalize_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_read( $c, @_ ) }
2116 =head2 $c->finalize_uploads
2118 Finalizes uploads. Cleans up any temporary files.
2122 sub finalize_uploads { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_uploads( $c, @_ ) }
2124 =head2 $c->get_action( $action, $namespace )
2126 Gets an action in a given namespace.
2130 sub get_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_action(@_) }
2132 =head2 $c->get_actions( $action, $namespace )
2134 Gets all actions of a given name in a namespace and all parent
2139 sub get_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_actions( $c, @_ ) }
2141 =head2 $app->handle_request( @arguments )
2143 Called to handle each HTTP request.
2147 sub handle_request {
2148 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
2150 # Always expect worst case!
2153 if ($class->debug) {
2154 my $secs = time - $START || 1;
2155 my $av = sprintf '%.3f', $COUNT / $secs;
2156 my $time = localtime time;
2157 $class->log->info("*** Request $COUNT ($av/s) [$$] [$time] ***");
2160 my $c = $class->prepare(@arguments);
2162 $status = $c->finalize;
2164 #rethow if this can be handled by middleware
2167 $_->can('as_psgi') ||
2170 $_->code =~m/^[1-5][0-9][0-9]$/
2174 $_->can('rethrow') ? $_->rethrow : croak $_;
2176 chomp(my $error = $_);
2177 $class->log->error(qq/Caught exception in engine "$error"/);
2182 if(my $coderef = $class->log->can('_flush')){
2183 $class->log->$coderef();
2188 =head2 $class->prepare( @arguments )
2190 Creates a Catalyst context from an engine-specific request (Apache, CGI,
2197 predicate => '_has_uploadtmp',
2201 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
2204 # After the app/ctxt split, this should become an attribute based on something passed
2205 # into the application.
2206 $class->context_class( ref $class || $class ) unless $class->context_class;
2208 my $uploadtmp = $class->config->{uploadtmp};
2209 my $c = $class->context_class->new({ $uploadtmp ? (_uploadtmp => $uploadtmp) : ()});
2211 $c->response->_context($c);
2213 #surely this is not the most efficient way to do things...
2214 $c->stats($class->stats_class->new)->enable($c->use_stats);
2215 if ( $c->debug || $c->config->{enable_catalyst_header} ) {
2216 $c->res->headers->header( 'X-Catalyst' => $Catalyst::VERSION );
2220 # Allow engine to direct the prepare flow (for POE)
2221 if ( my $prepare = $c->engine->can('prepare') ) {
2222 $c->engine->$prepare( $c, @arguments );
2225 $c->prepare_request(@arguments);
2226 $c->prepare_connection;
2227 $c->prepare_query_parameters;
2228 $c->prepare_headers; # Just hooks, no longer needed - they just
2229 $c->prepare_cookies; # cause the lazy attribute on req to build
2232 # Prepare the body for reading, either by prepare_body
2233 # or the user, if they are using $c->read
2236 # Parse the body unless the user wants it on-demand
2237 unless ( ref($c)->config->{parse_on_demand} ) {
2243 # VERY ugly and probably shouldn't rely on ->finalize actually working
2245 # failed prepare is always due to an invalid request, right?
2246 $c->response->status(400);
2247 $c->response->content_type('text/plain');
2248 $c->response->body('Bad Request');
2249 # Note we call finalize and then die here, which escapes
2250 # finalize being called in the enclosing block..
2251 # It in fact couldn't be called, as we don't return $c..
2252 # This is a mess - but I'm unsure you can fix this without
2253 # breaking compat for people doing crazy things (we should set
2254 # the 400 and just return the ctx here IMO, letting finalize get called
2265 =head2 $c->prepare_action
2267 Prepares action. See L<Catalyst::Dispatcher>.
2271 sub prepare_action {
2273 my $ret = $c->dispatcher->prepare_action( $c, @_);
2276 foreach (@{$c->req->arguments}, @{$c->req->captures}) {
2277 $_ = $c->_handle_param_unicode_decoding($_);
2285 =head2 $c->prepare_body
2287 Prepares message body.
2294 return if $c->request->_has_body;
2296 # Initialize on-demand data
2297 $c->engine->prepare_body( $c, @_ );
2298 $c->prepare_parameters;
2299 $c->prepare_uploads;
2302 =head2 $c->prepare_body_chunk( $chunk )
2304 Prepares a chunk of data before sending it to L<HTTP::Body>.
2306 See L<Catalyst::Engine>.
2310 sub prepare_body_chunk {
2312 $c->engine->prepare_body_chunk( $c, @_ );
2315 =head2 $c->prepare_body_parameters
2317 Prepares body parameters.
2321 sub prepare_body_parameters {
2323 $c->request->prepare_body_parameters( $c, @_ );
2326 =head2 $c->prepare_connection
2328 Prepares connection.
2332 sub prepare_connection {
2334 $c->request->prepare_connection($c);
2337 =head2 $c->prepare_cookies
2339 Prepares cookies by ensuring that the attribute on the request
2340 object has been built.
2344 sub prepare_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->request->cookies }
2346 =head2 $c->prepare_headers
2348 Prepares request headers by ensuring that the attribute on the request
2349 object has been built.
2353 sub prepare_headers { my $c = shift; $c->request->headers }
2355 =head2 $c->prepare_parameters
2357 Prepares parameters.
2361 sub prepare_parameters {
2363 $c->prepare_body_parameters;
2364 $c->engine->prepare_parameters( $c, @_ );
2367 =head2 $c->prepare_path
2369 Prepares path and base.
2373 sub prepare_path { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_path( $c, @_ ) }
2375 =head2 $c->prepare_query_parameters
2377 Prepares query parameters.
2381 sub prepare_query_parameters {
2384 $c->engine->prepare_query_parameters( $c, @_ );
2387 =head2 $c->log_request
2389 Writes information about the request to the debug logs. This includes:
2393 =item * Request method, path, and remote IP address
2395 =item * Query keywords (see L<Catalyst::Request/query_keywords>)
2397 =item * Request parameters
2399 =item * File uploads
2408 return unless $c->debug;
2410 my($dump) = grep {$_->[0] eq 'Request' } $c->dump_these;
2411 my $request = $dump->[1];
2413 my ( $method, $path, $address ) = ( $request->method, $request->path, $request->address );
2415 $path = '/' unless length $path;
2418 $path =~ s/%([0-9A-Fa-f]{2})/chr(hex($1))/eg;
2419 $path = decode_utf8($path);
2421 $c->log->debug(qq/"$method" request for "$path" from "$address"/);
2423 $c->log_request_headers($request->headers);
2425 if ( my $keywords = $request->query_keywords ) {
2426 $c->log->debug("Query keywords are: $keywords");
2429 $c->log_request_parameters( query => $request->query_parameters, $request->_has_body ? (body => $request->body_parameters) : () );
2431 $c->log_request_uploads($request);
2434 =head2 $c->log_response
2436 Writes information about the response to the debug logs by calling
2437 C<< $c->log_response_status_line >> and C<< $c->log_response_headers >>.
2444 return unless $c->debug;
2446 my($dump) = grep {$_->[0] eq 'Response' } $c->dump_these;
2447 my $response = $dump->[1];
2449 $c->log_response_status_line($response);
2450 $c->log_response_headers($response->headers);
2453 =head2 $c->log_response_status_line($response)
2455 Writes one line of information about the response to the debug logs. This includes:
2459 =item * Response status code
2461 =item * Content-Type header (if present)
2463 =item * Content-Length header (if present)
2469 sub log_response_status_line {
2470 my ($c, $response) = @_;
2474 'Response Code: %s; Content-Type: %s; Content-Length: %s',
2475 $response->status || 'unknown',
2476 $response->headers->header('Content-Type') || 'unknown',
2477 $response->headers->header('Content-Length') || 'unknown'
2482 =head2 $c->log_response_headers($headers);
2484 Hook method which can be wrapped by plugins to log the response headers.
2485 No-op in the default implementation.
2489 sub log_response_headers {}
2491 =head2 $c->log_request_parameters( query => {}, body => {} )
2493 Logs request parameters to debug logs
2497 sub log_request_parameters {
2499 my %all_params = @_;
2501 return unless $c->debug;
2503 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 44;
2504 foreach my $type (qw(query body)) {
2505 my $params = $all_params{$type};
2506 next if ! keys %$params;
2507 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 35, 'Parameter' ], [ $column_width, 'Value' ] );
2508 for my $key ( sort keys %$params ) {
2509 my $param = $params->{$key};
2510 my $value = defined($param) ? $param : '';
2511 $t->row( $key, ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ? ( join ', ', @$value ) : $value );
2513 $c->log->debug( ucfirst($type) . " Parameters are:\n" . $t->draw );
2517 =head2 $c->log_request_uploads
2519 Logs file uploads included in the request to the debug logs.
2520 The parameter name, filename, file type, and file size are all included in
2525 sub log_request_uploads {
2527 my $request = shift;
2528 return unless $c->debug;
2529 my $uploads = $request->uploads;
2530 if ( keys %$uploads ) {
2531 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new(
2532 [ 12, 'Parameter' ],
2537 for my $key ( sort keys %$uploads ) {
2538 my $upload = $uploads->{$key};
2539 for my $u ( ref $upload eq 'ARRAY' ? @{$upload} : ($upload) ) {
2540 $t->row( $key, $u->filename, $u->type, $u->size );
2543 $c->log->debug( "File Uploads are:\n" . $t->draw );
2547 =head2 $c->log_request_headers($headers);
2549 Hook method which can be wrapped by plugins to log the request headers.
2550 No-op in the default implementation.
2554 sub log_request_headers {}
2556 =head2 $c->log_headers($type => $headers)
2558 Logs L<HTTP::Headers> (either request or response) to the debug logs.
2565 my $headers = shift; # an HTTP::Headers instance
2567 return unless $c->debug;
2569 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 28;
2570 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 15, 'Header Name' ], [ $column_width, 'Value' ] );
2573 my ( $name, $value ) = @_;
2574 $t->row( $name, $value );
2577 $c->log->debug( ucfirst($type) . " Headers:\n" . $t->draw );
2581 =head2 $c->prepare_read
2583 Prepares the input for reading.
2587 sub prepare_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_read( $c, @_ ) }
2589 =head2 $c->prepare_request
2591 Prepares the engine request.
2595 sub prepare_request { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_request( $c, @_ ) }
2597 =head2 $c->prepare_uploads
2603 sub prepare_uploads {
2605 $c->engine->prepare_uploads( $c, @_ );
2608 =head2 $c->prepare_write
2610 Prepares the output for writing.
2614 sub prepare_write { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_write( $c, @_ ) }
2616 =head2 $c->request_class
2618 Returns or sets the request class. Defaults to L<Catalyst::Request>.
2620 =head2 $c->response_class
2622 Returns or sets the response class. Defaults to L<Catalyst::Response>.
2624 =head2 $c->read( [$maxlength] )
2626 Reads a chunk of data from the request body. This method is designed to
2627 be used in a while loop, reading C<$maxlength> bytes on every call.
2628 C<$maxlength> defaults to the size of the request if not specified.
2630 You have to set C<< MyApp->config(parse_on_demand => 1) >> to use this
2633 Warning: If you use read(), Catalyst will not process the body,
2634 so you will not be able to access POST parameters or file uploads via
2635 $c->request. You must handle all body parsing yourself.
2639 sub read { my $c = shift; return $c->request->read( @_ ) }
2649 $app->_make_immutable_if_needed;
2650 $app->engine_loader->needs_psgi_engine_compat_hack ?
2651 $app->engine->run($app, @_) :
2652 $app->engine->run( $app, $app->_finalized_psgi_app, @_ );
2655 sub _make_immutable_if_needed {
2657 my $meta = find_meta($class);
2658 my $isa_ca = $class->isa('Class::Accessor::Fast') || $class->isa('Class::Accessor');
2661 && ! { $meta->immutable_options }->{replace_constructor}
2664 warn("You made your application class ($class) immutable, "
2665 . "but did not inline the\nconstructor. "
2666 . "This will break catalyst, as your app \@ISA "
2667 . "Class::Accessor(::Fast)?\nPlease pass "
2668 . "(replace_constructor => 1)\nwhen making your class immutable.\n");
2670 unless ($meta->is_immutable) {
2671 # XXX - FIXME warning here as you should make your app immutable yourself.
2672 $meta->make_immutable(
2673 replace_constructor => 1,
2678 =head2 $c->set_action( $action, $code, $namespace, $attrs )
2680 Sets an action in a given namespace.
2684 sub set_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->set_action( $c, @_ ) }
2686 =head2 $c->setup_actions($component)
2688 Sets up actions for a component.
2692 sub setup_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->setup_actions( $c, @_ ) }
2694 =head2 $c->setup_components
2696 This method is called internally to set up the application's components.
2698 It finds modules by calling the L<locate_components> method, expands them to
2699 package names with the L<expand_component_module> method, and then installs
2700 each component into the application.
2702 The C<setup_components> config option is passed to both of the above methods.
2704 Installation of each component is performed by the L<setup_component> method,
2709 sub setup_components {
2712 my $config = $class->config->{ setup_components };
2714 my @comps = $class->locate_components($config);
2715 my %comps = map { $_ => 1 } @comps;
2717 my $deprecatedcatalyst_component_names = grep { /::[CMV]::/ } @comps;
2718 $class->log->warn(qq{Your application is using the deprecated ::[MVC]:: type naming scheme.\n}.
2719 qq{Please switch your class names to ::Model::, ::View:: and ::Controller: as appropriate.\n}
2720 ) if $deprecatedcatalyst_component_names;
2722 for my $component ( @comps ) {
2724 # We pass ignore_loaded here so that overlay files for (e.g.)
2725 # Model::DBI::Schema sub-classes are loaded - if it's in @comps
2726 # we know M::P::O found a file on disk so this is safe
2728 Catalyst::Utils::ensure_class_loaded( $component, { ignore_loaded => 1 } );
2731 for my $component (@comps) {
2732 my $instance = $class->components->{ $component } = $class->setup_component($component);
2733 my @expanded_components = $instance->can('expand_modules')
2734 ? $instance->expand_modules( $component, $config )
2735 : $class->expand_component_module( $component, $config );
2736 for my $component (@expanded_components) {
2737 next if $comps{$component};
2738 $class->components->{ $component } = $class->setup_component($component);
2743 =head2 $c->locate_components( $setup_component_config )
2745 This method is meant to provide a list of component modules that should be
2746 setup for the application. By default, it will use L<Module::Pluggable>.
2748 Specify a C<setup_components> config option to pass additional options directly
2749 to L<Module::Pluggable>. To add additional search paths, specify a key named
2750 C<search_extra> as an array reference. Items in the array beginning with C<::>
2751 will have the application class name prepended to them.
2755 sub locate_components {
2759 my @paths = qw( ::M ::Model ::V ::View ::C ::Controller );
2760 my $extra = delete $config->{ search_extra } || [];
2762 unshift @paths, @$extra;
2764 my @comps = map { sort { length($a) <=> length($b) } Module::Pluggable::Object->new(
2765 search_path => [ map { s/^(?=::)/$class/; $_; } ($_) ],
2767 )->plugins } @paths;
2772 =head2 $c->expand_component_module( $component, $setup_component_config )
2774 Components found by C<locate_components> will be passed to this method, which
2775 is expected to return a list of component (package) names to be set up.
2779 sub expand_component_module {
2780 my ($class, $module) = @_;
2781 return Devel::InnerPackage::list_packages( $module );
2784 =head2 $c->setup_component
2788 sub setup_component {
2789 my( $class, $component ) = @_;
2791 unless ( $component->can( 'COMPONENT' ) ) {
2795 my $suffix = Catalyst::Utils::class2classsuffix( $component );
2796 my $config = $class->config->{ $suffix } || {};
2797 # Stash catalyst_component_name in the config here, so that custom COMPONENT
2798 # methods also pass it. local to avoid pointlessly shitting in config
2799 # for the debug screen, as $component is already the key name.
2800 local $config->{catalyst_component_name} = $component;
2802 my $instance = eval { $component->COMPONENT( $class, $config ); };
2804 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
2806 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
2807 message => qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", "$error"/
2811 unless (blessed $instance) {
2812 my $metaclass = Moose::Util::find_meta($component);
2813 my $method_meta = $metaclass->find_method_by_name('COMPONENT');
2814 my $component_method_from = $method_meta->associated_metaclass->name;
2815 my $value = defined($instance) ? $instance : 'undef';
2816 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
2818 qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", COMPONENT() method (from $component_method_from) didn't return an object-like value (value was $value)./
2824 =head2 $c->setup_dispatcher
2830 sub setup_dispatcher {
2831 my ( $class, $dispatcher ) = @_;
2834 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $dispatcher;
2837 if ( my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'DISPATCHER' ) ) {
2838 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $env;
2841 unless ($dispatcher) {
2842 $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher_class;
2845 load_class($dispatcher);
2847 # dispatcher instance
2848 $class->dispatcher( $dispatcher->new );
2851 =head2 $c->setup_engine
2858 my ($class, $requested_engine) = @_;
2860 if (!$class->engine_loader || $requested_engine) {
2861 $class->engine_loader(
2862 Catalyst::EngineLoader->new({
2863 application_name => $class,
2864 (defined $requested_engine
2865 ? (catalyst_engine_class => $requested_engine) : ()),
2870 $class->engine_loader->catalyst_engine_class;
2874 my ($class, $requested_engine) = @_;
2877 my $loader = $class->engine_loader;
2879 if (!$loader || $requested_engine) {
2880 $loader = Catalyst::EngineLoader->new({
2881 application_name => $class,
2882 (defined $requested_engine
2883 ? (requested_engine => $requested_engine) : ()),
2886 $class->engine_loader($loader);
2889 $loader->catalyst_engine_class;
2892 # Don't really setup_engine -- see _setup_psgi_app for explanation.
2893 return if $class->loading_psgi_file;
2895 load_class($engine);
2897 if ($ENV{MOD_PERL}) {
2898 my $apache = $class->engine_loader->auto;
2900 my $meta = find_meta($class);
2901 my $was_immutable = $meta->is_immutable;
2902 my %immutable_options = $meta->immutable_options;
2903 $meta->make_mutable if $was_immutable;
2905 $meta->add_method(handler => sub {
2907 my $psgi_app = $class->_finalized_psgi_app;
2908 $apache->call_app($r, $psgi_app);
2911 $meta->make_immutable(%immutable_options) if $was_immutable;
2914 $class->engine( $engine->new );
2919 ## This exists just to supply a prebuild psgi app for mod_perl and for the
2920 ## build in server support (back compat support for pre psgi port behavior).
2921 ## This is so that we don't build a new psgi app for each request when using
2922 ## the mod_perl handler or the built in servers (http and fcgi, etc).
2924 sub _finalized_psgi_app {
2927 unless ($app->_psgi_app) {
2928 my $psgi_app = $app->_setup_psgi_app;
2929 $app->_psgi_app($psgi_app);
2932 return $app->_psgi_app;
2935 ## Look for a psgi file like 'myapp_web.psgi' (if the app is MyApp::Web) in the
2936 ## home directory and load that and return it (just assume it is doing the
2937 ## right thing :) ). If that does not exist, call $app->psgi_app, wrap that
2938 ## in default_middleware and return it ( this is for backward compatibility
2939 ## with pre psgi port behavior ).
2941 sub _setup_psgi_app {
2944 for my $home (Path::Class::Dir->new($app->config->{home})) {
2945 my $psgi_file = $home->file(
2946 Catalyst::Utils::appprefix($app) . '.psgi',
2949 next unless -e $psgi_file;
2951 # If $psgi_file calls ->setup_engine, it's doing so to load
2952 # Catalyst::Engine::PSGI. But if it does that, we're only going to
2953 # throw away the loaded PSGI-app and load the 5.9 Catalyst::Engine
2954 # anyway. So set a flag (ick) that tells setup_engine not to populate
2955 # $c->engine or do any other things we might regret.
2957 $app->loading_psgi_file(1);
2958 my $psgi_app = Plack::Util::load_psgi($psgi_file);
2959 $app->loading_psgi_file(0);
2962 unless $app->engine_loader->needs_psgi_engine_compat_hack;
2965 Found a legacy Catalyst::Engine::PSGI .psgi file at ${psgi_file}.
2967 Its content has been ignored. Please consult the Catalyst::Upgrading
2968 documentation on how to upgrade from Catalyst::Engine::PSGI.
2972 return $app->apply_default_middlewares($app->psgi_app);
2975 =head2 $c->apply_default_middlewares
2977 Adds the following L<Plack> middlewares to your application, since they are
2978 useful and commonly needed:
2980 L<Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy>, (conditionally added based on the status
2981 of your $ENV{REMOTE_ADDR}, and can be forced on with C<using_frontend_proxy>
2982 or forced off with C<ignore_frontend_proxy>), L<Plack::Middleware::LighttpdScriptNameFix>
2983 (if you are using Lighttpd), L<Plack::Middleware::IIS6ScriptNameFix> (always
2984 applied since this middleware is smart enough to conditionally apply itself).
2986 Additionally if we detect we are using Nginx, we add a bit of custom middleware
2987 to solve some problems with the way that server handles $ENV{PATH_INFO} and
2993 sub apply_default_middlewares {
2994 my ($app, $psgi_app) = @_;
2996 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::Conditional->wrap(
2998 builder => sub { Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy->wrap($_[0]) },
3001 return if $app->config->{ignore_frontend_proxy};
3002 return $env->{REMOTE_ADDR} eq '127.0.0.1'
3003 || $app->config->{using_frontend_proxy};
3007 # If we're running under Lighttpd, swap PATH_INFO and SCRIPT_NAME
3008 # http://lists.scsys.co.uk/pipermail/catalyst/2006-June/008361.html
3009 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::Conditional->wrap(
3011 builder => sub { Plack::Middleware::LighttpdScriptNameFix->wrap($_[0]) },
3014 return unless $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} && $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} =~ m!lighttpd[-/]1\.(\d+\.\d+)!;
3015 return unless $1 < 4.23;
3020 # we're applying this unconditionally as the middleware itself already makes
3021 # sure it doesn't fuck things up if it's not running under one of the right
3023 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::IIS6ScriptNameFix->wrap($psgi_app);
3025 # And another IIS issue, this time with IIS7.
3026 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::Conditional->wrap(
3028 builder => sub { Plack::Middleware::IIS7KeepAliveFix->wrap($_[0]) },
3031 return $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} && $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} =~ m!IIS/7\.[0-9]!;
3038 =head2 App->psgi_app
3042 Returns a PSGI application code reference for the catalyst application
3043 C<$c>. This is the bare application without any middlewares
3044 applied. C<${myapp}.psgi> is not taken into account.
3046 This is what you want to be using to retrieve the PSGI application code
3047 reference of your Catalyst application for use in F<.psgi> files.
3051 *to_app = \&psgi_app;
3055 my $psgi = $app->engine->build_psgi_app($app);
3056 return $app->Catalyst::Utils::apply_registered_middleware($psgi);
3059 =head2 $c->setup_home
3061 Sets up the home directory.
3066 my ( $class, $home ) = @_;
3068 if ( my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'HOME' ) ) {
3072 $home ||= Catalyst::Utils::home($class);
3075 #I remember recently being scolded for assigning config values like this
3076 $class->config->{home} ||= $home;
3077 $class->config->{root} ||= Path::Class::Dir->new($home)->subdir('root');
3081 =head2 $c->setup_encoding
3083 Sets up the input/output encoding. See L<ENCODING>
3087 sub setup_encoding {
3089 if( exists($c->config->{encoding}) && !defined($c->config->{encoding}) ) {
3090 # Ok, so the user has explicitly said "I don't want encoding..."
3093 my $enc = defined($c->config->{encoding}) ?
3094 delete $c->config->{encoding} : 'UTF-8'; # not sure why we delete it... (JNAP)
3099 =head2 handle_unicode_encoding_exception
3101 Hook to let you customize how encoding errors are handled. By default
3102 we just throw an exception. Receives a hashref of debug information.
3105 $c->handle_unicode_encoding_exception({
3106 param_value => $value,
3108 encoding_step => 'params',
3113 sub handle_unicode_encoding_exception {
3114 my ( $self, $exception_ctx ) = @_;
3115 die $exception_ctx->{error_msg};
3118 # Some unicode helpers cargo culted from the old plugin. These could likely
3121 sub _handle_unicode_decoding {
3122 my ( $self, $value ) = @_;
3124 return unless defined $value;
3126 ## I think this mess is to support the old nested
3127 if ( ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ) {
3128 foreach ( @$value ) {
3129 $_ = $self->_handle_unicode_decoding($_);
3133 elsif ( ref $value eq 'HASH' ) {
3134 foreach (keys %$value) {
3135 my $encoded_key = $self->_handle_param_unicode_decoding($_);
3136 $value->{$encoded_key} = $self->_handle_unicode_decoding($value->{$_});
3138 # If the key was encoded we now have two (the original and current so
3139 # delete the original.
3140 delete $value->{$_} if $_ ne $encoded_key;
3145 return $self->_handle_param_unicode_decoding($value);
3149 sub _handle_param_unicode_decoding {
3150 my ( $self, $value ) = @_;
3151 return unless defined $value; # not in love with just ignoring undefs - jnap
3153 my $enc = $self->encoding;
3155 $enc->decode( $value, $self->_encode_check );
3158 $self->handle_unicode_encoding_exception({
3159 param_value => $value,
3161 encoding_step => 'params',
3166 =head2 $c->setup_log
3168 Sets up log by instantiating a L<Catalyst::Log|Catalyst::Log> object and
3169 passing it to C<log()>. Pass in a comma-delimited list of levels to set the
3172 This method also installs a C<debug> method that returns a true value into the
3173 catalyst subclass if the "debug" level is passed in the comma-delimited list,
3174 or if the C<$CATALYST_DEBUG> environment variable is set to a true value.
3176 Note that if the log has already been setup, by either a previous call to
3177 C<setup_log> or by a call such as C<< __PACKAGE__->log( MyLogger->new ) >>,
3178 that this method won't actually set up the log object.
3183 my ( $class, $levels ) = @_;
3186 $levels =~ s/^\s+//;
3187 $levels =~ s/\s+$//;
3188 my %levels = map { $_ => 1 } split /\s*,\s*/, $levels;
3190 my $env_debug = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'DEBUG' );
3191 if ( defined $env_debug ) {
3192 $levels{debug} = 1 if $env_debug; # Ugly!
3193 delete($levels{debug}) unless $env_debug;
3196 unless ( $class->log ) {
3197 $class->log( Catalyst::Log->new(keys %levels) );
3200 if ( $levels{debug} ) {
3201 Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class)->add_method('debug' => sub { 1 });
3202 $class->log->debug('Debug messages enabled');
3206 =head2 $c->setup_plugins
3212 =head2 $c->setup_stats
3214 Sets up timing statistics class.
3219 my ( $class, $stats ) = @_;
3221 Catalyst::Utils::ensure_class_loaded($class->stats_class);
3223 my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'STATS' );
3224 if ( defined($env) ? $env : ($stats || $class->debug ) ) {
3225 Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class)->add_method('use_stats' => sub { 1 });
3226 $class->log->debug('Statistics enabled');
3231 =head2 $c->registered_plugins
3233 Returns a sorted list of the plugins which have either been stated in the
3236 If passed a given plugin name, it will report a boolean value indicating
3237 whether or not that plugin is loaded. A fully qualified name is required if
3238 the plugin name does not begin with C<Catalyst::Plugin::>.
3240 if ($c->registered_plugins('Some::Plugin')) {
3248 sub registered_plugins {
3250 return sort keys %{ $proto->_plugins } unless @_;
3252 return 1 if exists $proto->_plugins->{$plugin};
3253 return exists $proto->_plugins->{"Catalyst::Plugin::$plugin"};
3256 sub _register_plugin {
3257 my ( $proto, $plugin, $instant ) = @_;
3258 my $class = ref $proto || $proto;
3260 load_class( $plugin );
3261 $class->log->warn( "$plugin inherits from 'Catalyst::Component' - this is deprecated and will not work in 5.81" )
3262 if $plugin->isa( 'Catalyst::Component' );
3263 my $plugin_meta = Moose::Meta::Class->create($plugin);
3264 if (!$plugin_meta->has_method('new')
3265 && ( $plugin->isa('Class::Accessor::Fast') || $plugin->isa('Class::Accessor') ) ) {
3266 $plugin_meta->add_method('new', Moose::Object->meta->get_method('new'))
3268 if (!$instant && !$proto->_plugins->{$plugin}) {
3269 my $meta = Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class);
3270 $meta->superclasses($plugin, $meta->superclasses);
3272 $proto->_plugins->{$plugin} = 1;
3276 sub _default_plugins { return qw() }
3279 my ( $class, $plugins ) = @_;
3281 $class->_plugins( {} ) unless $class->_plugins;
3283 m/Unicode::Encoding/ ? do {
3285 'Unicode::Encoding plugin is auto-applied,'
3286 . ' please remove this from your appclass'
3287 . ' and make sure to define "encoding" config'
3289 unless (exists $class->config->{'encoding'}) {
3290 $class->config->{'encoding'} = 'UTF-8';
3295 push @$plugins, $class->_default_plugins;
3296 $plugins = Data::OptList::mkopt($plugins || []);
3299 [ Catalyst::Utils::resolve_namespace(
3300 $class . '::Plugin',
3301 'Catalyst::Plugin', $_->[0]
3307 for my $plugin ( reverse @plugins ) {
3308 load_class($plugin->[0], $plugin->[1]);
3309 my $meta = find_meta($plugin->[0]);
3310 next if $meta && $meta->isa('Moose::Meta::Role');
3312 $class->_register_plugin($plugin->[0]);
3316 map { $_->[0]->name, $_->[1] }
3317 grep { blessed($_->[0]) && $_->[0]->isa('Moose::Meta::Role') }
3318 map { [find_meta($_->[0]), $_->[1]] }
3321 Moose::Util::apply_all_roles(
3327 =head2 registered_middlewares
3329 Read only accessor that returns an array of all the middleware in the order
3330 that they were added (which is the REVERSE of the order they will be applied).
3332 The values returned will be either instances of L<Plack::Middleware> or of a
3333 compatible interface, or a coderef, which is assumed to be inlined middleware
3335 =head2 setup_middleware (?@middleware)
3337 Read configuration information stored in configuration key C<psgi_middleware> or
3340 See under L</CONFIGURATION> information regarding C<psgi_middleware> and how
3341 to use it to enable L<Plack::Middleware>
3343 This method is automatically called during 'setup' of your application, so
3344 you really don't need to invoke it. However you may do so if you find the idea
3345 of loading middleware via configuration weird :). For example:
3351 __PACKAGE__->setup_middleware('Head');
3354 When we read middleware definitions from configuration, we reverse the list
3355 which sounds odd but is likely how you expect it to work if you have prior
3356 experience with L<Plack::Builder> or if you previously used the plugin
3357 L<Catalyst::Plugin::EnableMiddleware> (which is now considered deprecated)
3359 So basically your middleware handles an incoming request from the first
3360 registered middleware, down and handles the response from the last middleware
3365 sub registered_middlewares {
3367 if(my $middleware = $class->_psgi_middleware) {
3369 Catalyst::Middleware::Stash->new,
3370 Plack::Middleware::HTTPExceptions->new,
3371 Plack::Middleware::RemoveRedundantBody->new,
3372 Plack::Middleware::FixMissingBodyInRedirect->new,
3373 Plack::Middleware::ContentLength->new,
3374 Plack::Middleware::MethodOverride->new,
3375 Plack::Middleware::Head->new,
3378 die "You cannot call ->registered_middlewares until middleware has been setup";
3382 sub setup_middleware {
3384 my @middleware_definitions = @_ ?
3385 reverse(@_) : reverse(@{$class->config->{'psgi_middleware'}||[]});
3387 my @middleware = ();
3388 while(my $next = shift(@middleware_definitions)) {
3390 if(Scalar::Util::blessed $next && $next->can('wrap')) {
3391 push @middleware, $next;
3392 } elsif(ref $next eq 'CODE') {
3393 push @middleware, $next;
3394 } elsif(ref $next eq 'HASH') {
3395 my $namespace = shift @middleware_definitions;
3396 my $mw = $class->Catalyst::Utils::build_middleware($namespace, %$next);
3397 push @middleware, $mw;
3399 die "I can't handle middleware definition ${\ref $next}";
3402 my $mw = $class->Catalyst::Utils::build_middleware($next);
3403 push @middleware, $mw;
3407 my @existing = @{$class->_psgi_middleware || []};
3408 $class->_psgi_middleware([@middleware,@existing,]);
3411 =head2 registered_data_handlers
3413 A read only copy of registered Data Handlers returned as a Hash, where each key
3414 is a content type and each value is a subref that attempts to decode that content
3417 =head2 setup_data_handlers (?@data_handler)
3419 Read configuration information stored in configuration key C<data_handlers> or
3422 See under L</CONFIGURATION> information regarding C<data_handlers>.
3424 This method is automatically called during 'setup' of your application, so
3425 you really don't need to invoke it.
3427 =head2 default_data_handlers
3429 Default Data Handlers that come bundled with L<Catalyst>. Currently there are
3430 only two default data handlers, for 'application/json' and an alternative to
3431 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' which supposed nested form parameters via
3432 L<CGI::Struct> or via L<CGI::Struct::XS> IF you've installed it.
3434 The 'application/json' data handler is used to parse incoming JSON into a Perl
3435 data structure. It used either L<JSON::MaybeXS> or L<JSON>, depending on which
3436 is installed. This allows you to fail back to L<JSON:PP>, which is a Pure Perl
3437 JSON decoder, and has the smallest dependency impact.
3439 Because we don't wish to add more dependencies to L<Catalyst>, if you wish to
3440 use this new feature we recommend installing L<JSON> or L<JSON::MaybeXS> in
3441 order to get the best performance. You should add either to your dependency
3442 list (Makefile.PL, dist.ini, cpanfile, etc.)
3446 sub registered_data_handlers {
3448 if(my $data_handlers = $class->_data_handlers) {
3449 return %$data_handlers;
3451 $class->setup_data_handlers;
3452 return $class->registered_data_handlers;
3456 sub setup_data_handlers {
3457 my ($class, %data_handler_callbacks) = @_;
3458 %data_handler_callbacks = (
3459 %{$class->default_data_handlers},
3460 %{$class->config->{'data_handlers'}||+{}},
3461 %data_handler_callbacks);
3463 $class->_data_handlers(\%data_handler_callbacks);
3466 sub default_data_handlers {
3469 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' => sub {
3470 my ($fh, $req) = @_;
3471 my $params = $req->_use_hash_multivalue ? $req->body_parameters->mixed : $req->body_parameters;
3472 Class::Load::load_first_existing_class('CGI::Struct::XS', 'CGI::Struct')
3473 ->can('build_cgi_struct')->($params);
3475 'application/json' => sub {
3476 Class::Load::load_first_existing_class('JSON::MaybeXS', 'JSON')
3477 ->can('decode_json')->(do { local $/; $_->getline });
3484 Returns an arrayref of the internal execution stack (actions that are
3485 currently executing).
3489 Returns the current timing statistics object. By default Catalyst uses
3490 L<Catalyst::Stats|Catalyst::Stats>, but can be set otherwise with
3491 L<< stats_class|/"$c->stats_class" >>.
3493 Even if L<< -Stats|/"-Stats" >> is not enabled, the stats object is still
3494 available. By enabling it with C< $c->stats->enabled(1) >, it can be used to
3495 profile explicitly, although MyApp.pm still won't profile nor output anything
3498 =head2 $c->stats_class
3500 Returns or sets the stats (timing statistics) class. L<Catalyst::Stats|Catalyst::Stats> is used by default.
3502 =head2 $c->use_stats
3504 Returns 1 when L<< stats collection|/"-Stats" >> is enabled.
3506 Note that this is a static method, not an accessor and should be overridden
3507 by declaring C<sub use_stats { 1 }> in your MyApp.pm, not by calling C<< $c->use_stats(1) >>.
3514 =head2 $c->write( $data )
3516 Writes $data to the output stream. When using this method directly, you
3517 will need to manually set the C<Content-Length> header to the length of
3518 your output data, if known.
3525 # Finalize headers if someone manually writes output (for compat)
3526 $c->finalize_headers;
3528 return $c->response->write( @_ );
3533 Returns the Catalyst version number. Mostly useful for "powered by"
3534 messages in template systems.
3538 sub version { return $Catalyst::VERSION }
3540 =head1 CONFIGURATION
3542 There are a number of 'base' config variables which can be set:
3548 C<default_model> - The default model picked if you say C<< $c->model >>. See L<< /$c->model($name) >>.
3552 C<default_view> - The default view to be rendered or returned when C<< $c->view >> is called. See L<< /$c->view($name) >>.
3556 C<disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback> - Turns
3557 off the deprecated component resolution functionality so
3558 that if any of the component methods (e.g. C<< $c->controller('Foo') >>)
3559 are called then regex search will not be attempted on string values and
3560 instead C<undef> will be returned.
3564 C<home> - The application home directory. In an uninstalled application,
3565 this is the top level application directory. In an installed application,
3566 this will be the directory containing C<< MyApp.pm >>.
3570 C<ignore_frontend_proxy> - See L</PROXY SUPPORT>
3574 C<name> - The name of the application in debug messages and the debug and
3579 C<parse_on_demand> - The request body (for example file uploads) will not be parsed
3580 until it is accessed. This allows you to (for example) check authentication (and reject
3581 the upload) before actually receiving all the data. See L</ON-DEMAND PARSER>
3585 C<root> - The root directory for templates. Usually this is just a
3586 subdirectory of the home directory, but you can set it to change the
3587 templates to a different directory.
3591 C<search_extra> - Array reference passed to Module::Pluggable to for additional
3592 namespaces from which components will be loaded (and constructed and stored in
3593 C<< $c->components >>).
3597 C<show_internal_actions> - If true, causes internal actions such as C<< _DISPATCH >>
3598 to be shown in hit debug tables in the test server.
3602 C<use_request_uri_for_path> - Controls if the C<REQUEST_URI> or C<PATH_INFO> environment
3603 variable should be used for determining the request path.
3605 Most web server environments pass the requested path to the application using environment variables,
3606 from which Catalyst has to reconstruct the request base (i.e. the top level path to / in the application,
3607 exposed as C<< $c->request->base >>) and the request path below that base.
3609 There are two methods of doing this, both of which have advantages and disadvantages. Which method is used
3610 is determined by the C<< $c->config(use_request_uri_for_path) >> setting (which can either be true or false).
3614 =item use_request_uri_for_path => 0
3616 This is the default (and the) traditional method that Catalyst has used for determining the path information.
3617 The path is generated from a combination of the C<PATH_INFO> and C<SCRIPT_NAME> environment variables.
3618 The allows the application to behave correctly when C<mod_rewrite> is being used to redirect requests
3619 into the application, as these variables are adjusted by mod_rewrite to take account for the redirect.
3621 However this method has the major disadvantage that it is impossible to correctly decode some elements
3622 of the path, as RFC 3875 says: "C<< Unlike a URI path, the PATH_INFO is not URL-encoded, and cannot
3623 contain path-segment parameters. >>" This means PATH_INFO is B<always> decoded, and therefore Catalyst
3624 can't distinguish / vs %2F in paths (in addition to other encoded values).
3626 =item use_request_uri_for_path => 1
3628 This method uses the C<REQUEST_URI> and C<SCRIPT_NAME> environment variables. As C<REQUEST_URI> is never
3629 decoded, this means that applications using this mode can correctly handle URIs including the %2F character
3630 (i.e. with C<AllowEncodedSlashes> set to C<On> in Apache).
3632 Given that this method of path resolution is provably more correct, it is recommended that you use
3633 this unless you have a specific need to deploy your application in a non-standard environment, and you are
3634 aware of the implications of not being able to handle encoded URI paths correctly.
3636 However it also means that in a number of cases when the app isn't installed directly at a path, but instead
3637 is having paths rewritten into it (e.g. as a .cgi/fcgi in a public_html directory, with mod_rewrite in a
3638 .htaccess file, or when SSI is used to rewrite pages into the app, or when sub-paths of the app are exposed
3639 at other URIs than that which the app is 'normally' based at with C<mod_rewrite>), the resolution of
3640 C<< $c->request->base >> will be incorrect.
3646 C<using_frontend_proxy> - See L</PROXY SUPPORT>.
3650 C<encoding> - See L</ENCODING>
3652 This now defaults to 'UTF-8'. You my turn it off by setting this configuration
3657 C<abort_chain_on_error_fix>
3659 When there is an error in an action chain, the default behavior is to continue
3660 processing the remaining actions and then catch the error upon chain end. This
3661 can lead to running actions when the application is in an unexpected state. If
3662 you have this issue, setting this config value to true will promptly exit a
3663 chain when there is an error raised in any action (thus terminating the chain
3668 __PACKAGE__->config(abort_chain_on_error_fix => 1);
3670 In the future this might become the default behavior.
3674 C<use_hash_multivalue_in_request>
3676 In L<Catalyst::Request> the methods C<query_parameters>, C<body_parametes>
3677 and C<parameters> return a hashref where values might be scalar or an arrayref
3678 depending on the incoming data. In many cases this can be undesirable as it
3679 leads one to writing defensive code like the following:
3681 my ($val) = ref($c->req->parameters->{a}) ?
3682 @{$c->req->parameters->{a}} :
3683 $c->req->parameters->{a};
3685 Setting this configuration item to true will make L<Catalyst> populate the
3686 attributes underlying these methods with an instance of L<Hash::MultiValue>
3687 which is used by L<Plack::Request> and others to solve this very issue. You
3688 may prefer this behavior to the default, if so enable this option (be warned
3689 if you enable it in a legacy application we are not sure if it is completely
3690 backwardly compatible).
3694 C<psgi_middleware> - See L<PSGI MIDDLEWARE>.
3698 C<data_handlers> - See L<DATA HANDLERS>.
3704 Generally when you throw an exception inside an Action (or somewhere in
3705 your stack, such as in a model that an Action is calling) that exception
3706 is caught by Catalyst and unless you either catch it yourself (via eval
3707 or something like L<Try::Tiny> or by reviewing the L</error> stack, it
3708 will eventually reach L</finalize_errors> and return either the debugging
3709 error stack page, or the default error page. However, if your exception
3710 can be caught by L<Plack::Middleware::HTTPExceptions>, L<Catalyst> will
3711 instead rethrow it so that it can be handled by that middleware (which
3712 is part of the default middleware). For example this would allow
3714 use HTTP::Throwable::Factory 'http_throw';
3716 sub throws_exception :Local {
3717 my ($self, $c) = @_;
3719 http_throw(SeeOther => { location =>
3720 $c->uri_for($self->action_for('redirect')) });
3724 =head1 INTERNAL ACTIONS
3726 Catalyst uses internal actions like C<_DISPATCH>, C<_BEGIN>, C<_AUTO>,
3727 C<_ACTION>, and C<_END>. These are by default not shown in the private
3728 action table, but you can make them visible with a config parameter.
3730 MyApp->config(show_internal_actions => 1);
3732 =head1 ON-DEMAND PARSER
3734 The request body is usually parsed at the beginning of a request,
3735 but if you want to handle input yourself, you can enable on-demand
3736 parsing with a config parameter.
3738 MyApp->config(parse_on_demand => 1);
3740 =head1 PROXY SUPPORT
3742 Many production servers operate using the common double-server approach,
3743 with a lightweight frontend web server passing requests to a larger
3744 backend server. An application running on the backend server must deal
3745 with two problems: the remote user always appears to be C<127.0.0.1> and
3746 the server's hostname will appear to be C<localhost> regardless of the
3747 virtual host that the user connected through.
3749 Catalyst will automatically detect this situation when you are running
3750 the frontend and backend servers on the same machine. The following
3751 changes are made to the request.
3753 $c->req->address is set to the user's real IP address, as read from
3754 the HTTP X-Forwarded-For header.
3756 The host value for $c->req->base and $c->req->uri is set to the real
3757 host, as read from the HTTP X-Forwarded-Host header.
3759 Additionally, you may be running your backend application on an insecure
3760 connection (port 80) while your frontend proxy is running under SSL. If there
3761 is a discrepancy in the ports, use the HTTP header C<X-Forwarded-Port> to
3762 tell Catalyst what port the frontend listens on. This will allow all URIs to
3763 be created properly.
3765 In the case of passing in:
3767 X-Forwarded-Port: 443
3769 All calls to C<uri_for> will result in an https link, as is expected.
3771 Obviously, your web server must support these headers for this to work.
3773 In a more complex server farm environment where you may have your
3774 frontend proxy server(s) on different machines, you will need to set a
3775 configuration option to tell Catalyst to read the proxied data from the
3778 MyApp->config(using_frontend_proxy => 1);
3780 If you do not wish to use the proxy support at all, you may set:
3782 MyApp->config(ignore_frontend_proxy => 0);
3784 =head2 Note about psgi files
3786 Note that if you supply your own .psgi file, calling
3787 C<< MyApp->psgi_app(@_); >>, then B<this will not happen automatically>.
3789 You either need to apply L<Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy> yourself
3790 in your psgi, for example:
3793 enable "Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy";
3797 This will unconditionally add the ReverseProxy support, or you need to call
3798 C<< $app = MyApp->apply_default_middlewares($app) >> (to conditionally
3799 apply the support depending upon your config).
3801 See L<Catalyst::PSGI> for more information.
3803 =head1 THREAD SAFETY
3805 Catalyst has been tested under Apache 2's threading C<mpm_worker>,
3806 C<mpm_winnt>, and the standalone forking HTTP server on Windows. We
3807 believe the Catalyst core to be thread-safe.
3809 If you plan to operate in a threaded environment, remember that all other
3810 modules you are using must also be thread-safe. Some modules, most notably
3811 L<DBD::SQLite>, are not thread-safe.
3813 =head1 DATA HANDLERS
3815 The L<Catalyst::Request> object uses L<HTTP::Body> to populate 'classic' HTML
3816 form parameters and URL search query fields. However it has become common
3817 for various alternative content types to be PUT or POSTed to your controllers
3818 and actions. People working on RESTful APIs, or using AJAX often use JSON,
3819 XML and other content types when communicating with an application server. In
3820 order to better support this use case, L<Catalyst> defines a global configuration
3821 option, C<data_handlers>, which lets you associate a content type with a coderef
3822 that parses that content type into something Perl can readily access.
3829 __PACKAGE__->config(
3831 'application/json' => sub { local $/; decode_json $_->getline },
3833 ## Any other configuration.
3838 By default L<Catalyst> comes with a generic JSON data handler similar to the
3839 example given above, which uses L<JSON::Maybe> to provide either L<JSON::PP>
3840 (a pure Perl, dependency free JSON parser) or L<Cpanel::JSON::XS> if you have
3841 it installed (if you want the faster XS parser, add it to you project Makefile.PL
3842 or dist.ini, cpanfile, etc.)
3844 The C<data_handlers> configuration is a hashref whose keys are HTTP Content-Types
3845 (matched against the incoming request type using a regexp such as to be case
3846 insensitive) and whose values are coderefs that receive a localized version of
3847 C<$_> which is a filehandle object pointing to received body.
3849 This feature is considered an early access release and we reserve the right
3850 to alter the interface in order to provide a performant and secure solution to
3851 alternative request body content. Your reports welcomed!
3853 =head1 PSGI MIDDLEWARE
3855 You can define middleware, defined as L<Plack::Middleware> or a compatible
3856 interface in configuration. Your middleware definitions are in the form of an
3857 arrayref under the configuration key C<psgi_middleware>. Here's an example
3858 with details to follow:
3863 use Plack::Middleware::StackTrace;
3865 my $stacktrace_middleware = Plack::Middleware::StackTrace->new;
3867 __PACKAGE__->config(
3868 'psgi_middleware', [
3871 $stacktrace_middleware,
3872 'Session' => {store => 'File'},
3877 $env->{myapp.customkey} = 'helloworld';
3886 So the general form is:
3888 __PACKAGE__->config(psgi_middleware => \@middleware_definitions);
3890 Where C<@middleware> is one or more of the following, applied in the REVERSE of
3891 the order listed (to make it function similarly to L<Plack::Builder>:
3893 Alternatively, you may also define middleware by calling the L</setup_middleware>
3900 __PACKAGE__->setup_middleware( \@middleware_definitions);
3903 In the case where you do both (use 'setup_middleware' and configuration) the
3904 package call to setup_middleware will be applied earlier (in other words its
3905 middleware will wrap closer to the application). Keep this in mind since in
3906 some cases the order of middleware is important.
3908 The two approaches are not exclusive.
3912 =item Middleware Object
3914 An already initialized object that conforms to the L<Plack::Middleware>
3917 my $stacktrace_middleware = Plack::Middleware::StackTrace->new;
3919 __PACKAGE__->config(
3920 'psgi_middleware', [
3921 $stacktrace_middleware,
3927 A coderef that is an inlined middleware:
3929 __PACKAGE__->config(
3930 'psgi_middleware', [
3935 if($env->{PATH_INFO} =~m/forced/) {
3937 ->new(file=>TestApp->path_to(qw/share static forced.txt/))
3940 return $app->($env);
3950 We assume the scalar refers to a namespace after normalizing it using the
3953 (1) If the scalar is prefixed with a "+" (as in C<+MyApp::Foo>) then the full string
3954 is assumed to be 'as is', and we just install and use the middleware.
3956 (2) If the scalar begins with "Plack::Middleware" or your application namespace
3957 (the package name of your Catalyst application subclass), we also assume then
3958 that it is a full namespace, and use it.
3960 (3) Lastly, we then assume that the scalar is a partial namespace, and attempt to
3961 resolve it first by looking for it under your application namespace (for example
3962 if you application is "MyApp::Web" and the scalar is "MyMiddleware", we'd look
3963 under "MyApp::Web::Middleware::MyMiddleware") and if we don't find it there, we
3964 will then look under the regular L<Plack::Middleware> namespace (i.e. for the
3965 previous we'd try "Plack::Middleware::MyMiddleware"). We look under your application
3966 namespace first to let you 'override' common L<Plack::Middleware> locally, should
3967 you find that a good idea.
3973 __PACKAGE__->config(
3974 'psgi_middleware', [
3975 'Debug', ## MyAppWeb::Middleware::Debug->wrap or Plack::Middleware::Debug->wrap
3976 'Plack::Middleware::Stacktrace', ## Plack::Middleware::Stacktrace->wrap
3977 '+MyApp::Custom', ## MyApp::Custom->wrap
3981 =item a scalar followed by a hashref
3983 Just like the previous, except the following C<HashRef> is used as arguments
3984 to initialize the middleware object.
3986 __PACKAGE__->config(
3987 'psgi_middleware', [
3988 'Session' => {store => 'File'},
3993 Please see L<PSGI> for more on middleware.
3997 On request, decodes all params from encoding into a sequence of
3998 logical characters. On response, encodes body into encoding.
4000 By default encoding is now 'UTF-8'. You may turn it off by setting
4001 the encoding configuration to undef.
4009 Returns an instance of an C<Encode> encoding
4011 print $c->encoding->name
4013 =item handle_unicode_encoding_exception ($exception_context)
4015 Method called when decoding process for a request fails.
4017 An C<$exception_context> hashref is provided to allow you to override the
4018 behaviour of your application when given data with incorrect encodings.
4020 The default method throws exceptions in the case of invalid request parameters
4021 (resulting in a 500 error), but ignores errors in upload filenames.
4023 The keys passed in the C<$exception_context> hash are:
4029 The value which was not able to be decoded.
4033 The exception received from L<Encode>.
4037 What type of data was being decoded. Valid values are (currently)
4038 C<params> - for request parameters / arguments / captures
4039 and C<uploads> - for request upload filenames.
4049 Join #catalyst on irc.perl.org.
4053 http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst
4054 http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst-dev
4058 http://catalyst.perl.org
4062 http://dev.catalyst.perl.org
4066 =head2 L<Task::Catalyst> - All you need to start with Catalyst
4068 =head2 L<Catalyst::Manual> - The Catalyst Manual
4070 =head2 L<Catalyst::Component>, L<Catalyst::Controller> - Base classes for components
4072 =head2 L<Catalyst::Engine> - Core engine
4074 =head2 L<Catalyst::Log> - Log class.
4076 =head2 L<Catalyst::Request> - Request object
4078 =head2 L<Catalyst::Response> - Response object
4080 =head2 L<Catalyst::Test> - The test suite.
4082 =head1 PROJECT FOUNDER
4084 sri: Sebastian Riedel <sri@cpan.org>
4090 acme: Leon Brocard <leon@astray.com>
4092 abraxxa: Alexander Hartmaier <abraxxa@cpan.org>
4096 Andrew Ford E<lt>A.Ford@ford-mason.co.ukE<gt>
4100 andyg: Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
4102 audreyt: Audrey Tang
4104 bricas: Brian Cassidy <bricas@cpan.org>
4106 Caelum: Rafael Kitover <rkitover@io.com>
4108 chansen: Christian Hansen
4110 chicks: Christopher Hicks
4112 Chisel Wright C<pause@herlpacker.co.uk>
4114 Danijel Milicevic C<me@danijel.de>
4116 David Kamholz E<lt>dkamholz@cpan.orgE<gt>
4118 David Naughton, C<naughton@umn.edu>
4122 dhoss: Devin Austin <dhoss@cpan.org>
4124 dkubb: Dan Kubb <dan.kubb-cpan@onautopilot.com>
4128 dwc: Daniel Westermann-Clark <danieltwc@cpan.org>
4130 esskar: Sascha Kiefer
4132 fireartist: Carl Franks <cfranks@cpan.org>
4134 frew: Arthur Axel "fREW" Schmidt <frioux@gmail.com>
4136 gabb: Danijel Milicevic
4140 Gavin Henry C<ghenry@perl.me.uk>
4144 groditi: Guillermo Roditi <groditi@gmail.com>
4146 hobbs: Andrew Rodland <andrew@cleverdomain.org>
4148 ilmari: Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker <ilmari@ilmari.org>
4150 jcamacho: Juan Camacho
4152 jester: Jesse Sheidlower C<jester@panix.com>
4154 jhannah: Jay Hannah <jay@jays.net>
4160 jon: Jon Schutz <jjschutz@cpan.org>
4162 Jonathan Rockway C<< <jrockway@cpan.org> >>
4164 Kieren Diment C<kd@totaldatasolution.com>
4166 konobi: Scott McWhirter <konobi@cpan.org>
4168 marcus: Marcus Ramberg <mramberg@cpan.org>
4170 miyagawa: Tatsuhiko Miyagawa <miyagawa@bulknews.net>
4172 mgrimes: Mark Grimes <mgrimes@cpan.org>
4174 mst: Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
4178 naughton: David Naughton
4180 ningu: David Kamholz <dkamholz@cpan.org>
4182 nothingmuch: Yuval Kogman <nothingmuch@woobling.org>
4184 numa: Dan Sully <daniel@cpan.org>
4190 omega: Andreas Marienborg
4192 Oleg Kostyuk <cub.uanic@gmail.com>
4194 phaylon: Robert Sedlacek <phaylon@dunkelheit.at>
4196 rafl: Florian Ragwitz <rafl@debian.org>
4198 random: Roland Lammel <lammel@cpan.org>
4200 Robert Sedlacek C<< <rs@474.at> >>
4202 SpiceMan: Marcel Montes
4206 szbalint: Balint Szilakszi <szbalint@cpan.org>
4208 t0m: Tomas Doran <bobtfish@bobtfish.net>
4212 vanstyn: Henry Van Styn <vanstyn@cpan.org>
4214 Viljo Marrandi C<vilts@yahoo.com>
4216 Will Hawes C<info@whawes.co.uk>
4218 willert: Sebastian Willert <willert@cpan.org>
4220 wreis: Wallace Reis <wreis@cpan.org>
4222 Yuval Kogman, C<nothingmuch@woobling.org>
4224 rainboxx: Matthias Dietrich, C<perl@rainboxx.de>
4226 dd070: Dhaval Dhanani <dhaval070@gmail.com>
4228 Upasana <me@upasana.me>
4232 Copyright (c) 2005-2014, the above named PROJECT FOUNDER and CONTRIBUTORS.
4236 This library is free software. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
4237 the same terms as Perl itself.
4243 __PACKAGE__->meta->make_immutable;