4 use Moose::Meta::Class ();
5 extends 'Catalyst::Component';
6 use Moose::Util qw/find_meta/;
7 use namespace::clean -except => 'meta';
8 use Catalyst::Exception;
9 use Catalyst::Exception::Detach;
10 use Catalyst::Exception::Go;
12 use Catalyst::Request;
13 use Catalyst::Request::Upload;
14 use Catalyst::Response;
16 use Catalyst::Controller;
18 use Devel::InnerPackage ();
19 use Module::Pluggable::Object ();
20 use Text::SimpleTable ();
21 use Path::Class::Dir ();
22 use Path::Class::File ();
27 use Tree::Simple qw/use_weak_refs/;
28 use Tree::Simple::Visitor::FindByUID;
29 use Class::C3::Adopt::NEXT;
30 use List::MoreUtils qw/uniq/;
32 use String::RewritePrefix;
33 use Catalyst::EngineLoader;
35 use Carp qw/croak carp shortmess/;
38 use Moose::Util 'find_meta';
39 use Plack::Middleware::Conditional;
40 use Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy;
41 use Plack::Middleware::IIS6ScriptNameFix;
42 use Plack::Middleware::IIS7KeepAliveFix;
43 use Plack::Middleware::LighttpdScriptNameFix;
44 use Plack::Middleware::ContentLength;
45 use Plack::Middleware::Head;
46 use Plack::Middleware::HTTPExceptions;
47 use Plack::Middleware::FixMissingBodyInRedirect;
48 use Plack::Middleware::MethodOverride;
49 use Plack::Middleware::RemoveRedundantBody;
50 use Catalyst::Middleware::Stash;
52 use Class::Load 'load_class';
53 use Encode 2.21 'decode_utf8', 'encode_utf8';
55 use Ref::Util qw(is_plain_arrayref is_plain_coderef is_plain_hashref is_plain_scalarref is_regexpref);
57 BEGIN { require 5.008003; }
59 has stack => (is => 'ro', default => sub { [] });
60 has state => (is => 'rw', default => 0);
61 has stats => (is => 'rw');
62 has action => (is => 'rw');
63 has counter => (is => 'rw', default => sub { {} });
68 my $class = ref $self;
69 my $composed_request_class = $class->composed_request_class;
70 return $composed_request_class->new( $self->_build_request_constructor_args);
74 sub _build_request_constructor_args {
76 my %p = ( _log => $self->log );
77 $p{_uploadtmp} = $self->_uploadtmp if $self->_has_uploadtmp;
78 $p{data_handlers} = {$self->registered_data_handlers};
79 $p{_use_hash_multivalue} = $self->config->{use_hash_multivalue_in_request}
80 if $self->config->{use_hash_multivalue_in_request};
84 sub composed_request_class {
86 return $class->_composed_request_class if $class->_composed_request_class;
88 my @traits = (@{$class->request_class_traits||[]}, @{$class->config->{request_class_traits}||[]});
90 # For each trait listed, figure out what the namespace is. First we try the $trait
91 # as it is in the config. Then try $MyApp::TraitFor::Request:$trait. Last we try
92 # Catalyst::TraitFor::Request::$trait. If none load, throw error.
94 my $trait_ns = 'TraitFor::Request';
95 my @normalized_traits = map {
96 Class::Load::load_first_existing_class($_, $class.'::'.$trait_ns.'::'. $_, 'Catalyst::'.$trait_ns.'::'.$_)
99 if ($class->debug && scalar(@normalized_traits)) {
100 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 6;
101 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new($column_width);
102 $t->row($_) for @normalized_traits;
103 $class->log->debug( "Composed Request Class Traits:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" );
106 return $class->_composed_request_class(Moose::Util::with_traits($class->request_class, @normalized_traits));
113 my $class = ref $self;
114 my $composed_response_class = $class->composed_response_class;
115 return $composed_response_class->new( $self->_build_response_constructor_args);
119 sub _build_response_constructor_args {
122 encoding => $_[0]->encoding,
126 sub composed_response_class {
128 return $class->_composed_response_class if $class->_composed_response_class;
130 my @traits = (@{$class->response_class_traits||[]}, @{$class->config->{response_class_traits}||[]});
132 my $trait_ns = 'TraitFor::Response';
133 my @normalized_traits = map {
134 Class::Load::load_first_existing_class($_, $class.'::'.$trait_ns.'::'. $_, 'Catalyst::'.$trait_ns.'::'.$_)
137 if ($class->debug && scalar(@normalized_traits)) {
138 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 6;
139 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new($column_width);
140 $t->row($_) for @normalized_traits;
141 $class->log->debug( "Composed Response Class Traits:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" );
144 return $class->_composed_response_class(Moose::Util::with_traits($class->response_class, @normalized_traits));
147 has namespace => (is => 'rw');
149 sub depth { scalar @{ shift->stack || [] }; }
150 sub comp { shift->component(@_) }
153 my $self = shift; return $self->request(@_);
156 my $self = shift; return $self->response(@_);
159 # For backwards compatibility
160 sub finalize_output { shift->finalize_body(@_) };
165 our $RECURSION = 1000;
166 our $DETACH = Catalyst::Exception::Detach->new;
167 our $GO = Catalyst::Exception::Go->new;
169 #I imagine that very few of these really
170 #need to be class variables. if any.
171 #maybe we should just make them attributes with a default?
172 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata($_)
173 for qw/components arguments dispatcher engine log dispatcher_class
174 engine_loader context_class request_class response_class stats_class
175 setup_finished _psgi_app loading_psgi_file run_options _psgi_middleware
176 _data_handlers _encoding _encode_check finalized_default_middleware
177 request_class_traits response_class_traits stats_class_traits
178 _composed_request_class _composed_response_class _composed_stats_class/;
180 __PACKAGE__->dispatcher_class('Catalyst::Dispatcher');
181 __PACKAGE__->request_class('Catalyst::Request');
182 __PACKAGE__->response_class('Catalyst::Response');
183 __PACKAGE__->stats_class('Catalyst::Stats');
185 sub composed_stats_class {
187 return $class->_composed_stats_class if $class->_composed_stats_class;
189 my @traits = (@{$class->stats_class_traits||[]}, @{$class->config->{stats_class_traits}||[]});
191 my $trait_ns = 'TraitFor::Stats';
192 my @normalized_traits = map {
193 Class::Load::load_first_existing_class($_, $class.'::'.$trait_ns.'::'. $_, 'Catalyst::'.$trait_ns.'::'.$_)
196 if ($class->debug && scalar(@normalized_traits)) {
197 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 6;
198 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new($column_width);
199 $t->row($_) for @normalized_traits;
200 $class->log->debug( "Composed Stats Class Traits:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" );
203 return $class->_composed_stats_class(Moose::Util::with_traits($class->stats_class, @normalized_traits));
206 __PACKAGE__->_encode_check(Encode::FB_CROAK | Encode::LEAVE_SRC);
208 # Remember to update this in Catalyst::Runtime as well!
209 our $VERSION = '5.90114';
210 $VERSION = eval $VERSION if $VERSION =~ /_/; # numify for warning-free dev releases
213 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
215 # We have to limit $class to Catalyst to avoid pushing Catalyst upon every
217 return unless $class eq 'Catalyst';
219 my $caller = caller();
220 return if $caller eq 'main';
222 my $meta = Moose::Meta::Class->initialize($caller);
223 unless ( $caller->isa('Catalyst') ) {
224 my @superclasses = ($meta->superclasses, $class, 'Catalyst::Controller');
225 $meta->superclasses(@superclasses);
227 # Avoid possible C3 issues if 'Moose::Object' is already on RHS of MyApp
228 $meta->superclasses(grep { $_ ne 'Moose::Object' } $meta->superclasses);
230 unless( $meta->has_method('meta') ){
231 if ($Moose::VERSION >= 1.15) {
232 $meta->_add_meta_method('meta');
235 $meta->add_method(meta => sub { Moose::Meta::Class->initialize("${caller}") } );
239 $caller->arguments( [@arguments] );
243 sub _application { $_[0] }
249 Catalyst - The Elegant MVC Web Application Framework
252 <a href="https://badge.fury.io/pl/Catalyst-Runtime"><img src="https://badge.fury.io/pl/Catalyst-Runtime.svg" alt="CPAN version" height="18"></a>
253 <a href="https://travis-ci.org/perl-catalyst/catalyst-runtime/"><img src="https://api.travis-ci.org/perl-catalyst/catalyst-runtime.png" alt="Catalyst></a>
254 <a href="http://cpants.cpanauthors.org/dist/Catalyst-Runtime"><img src="http://cpants.cpanauthors.org/dist/Catalyst-Runtime.png" alt='Kwalitee Score' /></a>
258 See the L<Catalyst::Manual> distribution for comprehensive
259 documentation and tutorials.
261 # Install Catalyst::Devel for helpers and other development tools
262 # use the helper to create a new application
265 # add models, views, controllers
266 script/myapp_create.pl model MyDatabase DBIC::Schema create=static dbi:SQLite:/path/to/db
267 script/myapp_create.pl view MyTemplate TT
268 script/myapp_create.pl controller Search
270 # built in testserver -- use -r to restart automatically on changes
271 # --help to see all available options
272 script/myapp_server.pl
274 # command line testing interface
275 script/myapp_test.pl /yada
278 use Catalyst qw/-Debug/; # include plugins here as well
280 ### In lib/MyApp/Controller/Root.pm (autocreated)
281 sub foo : Chained('/') Args() { # called for /foo, /foo/1, /foo/1/2, etc.
282 my ( $self, $c, @args ) = @_; # args are qw/1 2/ for /foo/1/2
283 $c->stash->{template} = 'foo.tt'; # set the template
284 # lookup something from db -- stash vars are passed to TT
286 $c->model('Database::Foo')->search( { country => $args[0] } );
287 if ( $c->req->params->{bar} ) { # access GET or POST parameters
288 $c->forward( 'bar' ); # process another action
289 # do something else after forward returns
293 # The foo.tt TT template can use the stash data from the database
294 [% WHILE (item = data.next) %]
298 # called for /bar/of/soap, /bar/of/soap/10, etc.
299 sub bar : Chained('/') PathPart('/bar/of/soap') Args() { ... }
301 # called after all actions are finished
303 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
304 if ( scalar @{ $c->error } ) { ... } # handle errors
305 return if $c->res->body; # already have a response
306 $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' ); # render template
309 See L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro> for additional information.
313 Catalyst is a modern framework for making web applications without the
314 pain usually associated with this process. This document is a reference
315 to the main Catalyst application. If you are a new user, we suggest you
316 start with L<Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial> or L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro>.
318 See L<Catalyst::Manual> for more documentation.
320 Catalyst plugins can be loaded by naming them as arguments to the "use
321 Catalyst" statement. Omit the C<Catalyst::Plugin::> prefix from the
322 plugin name, i.e., C<Catalyst::Plugin::My::Module> becomes
325 use Catalyst qw/My::Module/;
327 If your plugin starts with a name other than C<Catalyst::Plugin::>, you can
328 fully qualify the name by using a unary plus:
332 +Fully::Qualified::Plugin::Name
335 Special flags like C<-Debug> can also be specified as
336 arguments when Catalyst is loaded:
338 use Catalyst qw/-Debug My::Module/;
340 The position of plugins and flags in the chain is important, because
341 they are loaded in the order in which they appear.
343 The following flags are supported:
347 Enables debug output. You can also force this setting from the system
348 environment with CATALYST_DEBUG or <MYAPP>_DEBUG. The environment
349 settings override the application, with <MYAPP>_DEBUG having the highest
352 This sets the log level to 'debug' and enables full debug output on the
353 error screen. If you only want the latter, see L<< $c->debug >>.
357 Forces Catalyst to use a specific home directory, e.g.:
359 use Catalyst qw[-Home=/usr/mst];
361 This can also be done in the shell environment by setting either the
362 C<CATALYST_HOME> environment variable or C<MYAPP_HOME>; where C<MYAPP>
363 is replaced with the uppercased name of your application, any "::" in
364 the name will be replaced with underscores, e.g. MyApp::Web should use
365 MYAPP_WEB_HOME. If both variables are set, the MYAPP_HOME one will be used.
367 If none of these are set, Catalyst will attempt to automatically detect the
368 home directory. If you are working in a development environment, Catalyst
369 will try and find the directory containing either Makefile.PL, Build.PL,
370 dist.ini, or cpanfile. If the application has been installed into the system
371 (i.e. you have done C<make install>), then Catalyst will use the path to your
372 application module, without the .pm extension (e.g., /foo/MyApp if your
373 application was installed at /foo/MyApp.pm)
377 use Catalyst '-Log=warn,fatal,error';
379 Specifies a comma-delimited list of log levels.
383 Enables statistics collection and reporting.
385 use Catalyst qw/-Stats=1/;
387 You can also force this setting from the system environment with CATALYST_STATS
388 or <MYAPP>_STATS. The environment settings override the application, with
389 <MYAPP>_STATS having the highest priority.
391 Stats are also enabled if L<< debugging |/"-Debug" >> is enabled.
395 =head2 INFORMATION ABOUT THE CURRENT REQUEST
399 Returns a L<Catalyst::Action> object for the current action, which
400 stringifies to the action name. See L<Catalyst::Action>.
404 Returns the namespace of the current action, i.e., the URI prefix
405 corresponding to the controller of the current action. For example:
407 # in Controller::Foo::Bar
408 $c->namespace; # returns 'foo/bar';
414 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Request> object, giving access to
415 information about the current client request (including parameters,
416 cookies, HTTP headers, etc.). See L<Catalyst::Request>.
418 =head2 REQUEST FLOW HANDLING
420 =head2 $c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )
422 =head2 $c->forward( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
424 This is one way of calling another action (method) in the same or
425 a different controller. You can also use C<< $self->my_method($c, @args) >>
426 in the same controller or C<< $c->controller('MyController')->my_method($c, @args) >>
427 in a different controller.
428 The main difference is that 'forward' uses some of the Catalyst request
429 cycle overhead, including debugging, which may be useful to you. On the
430 other hand, there are some complications to using 'forward', restrictions
431 on values returned from 'forward', and it may not handle errors as you prefer.
432 Whether you use 'forward' or not is up to you; it is not considered superior to
433 the other ways to call a method.
435 'forward' calls another action, by its private name. If you give a
436 class name but no method, C<process()> is called. You may also optionally
437 pass arguments in an arrayref. The action will receive the arguments in
438 C<@_> and C<< $c->req->args >>. Upon returning from the function,
439 C<< $c->req->args >> will be restored to the previous values.
441 Any data C<return>ed from the action forwarded to, will be returned by the
444 my $foodata = $c->forward('/foo');
445 $c->forward('index');
446 $c->forward(qw/Model::DBIC::Foo do_stuff/);
447 $c->forward('View::TT');
449 Note that L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >> implies
450 an C<< eval { } >> around the call (actually
451 L<< execute|/"$c->execute( $class, $coderef )" >> does), thus rendering all
452 exceptions thrown by the called action non-fatal and pushing them onto
453 $c->error instead. If you want C<die> to propagate you need to do something
457 die join "\n", @{ $c->error } if @{ $c->error };
459 Or make sure to always return true values from your actions and write
462 $c->forward('foo') || return;
464 Another note is that C<< $c->forward >> always returns a scalar because it
465 actually returns $c->state which operates in a scalar context.
466 Thus, something like:
470 in an action that is forwarded to is going to return a scalar,
471 i.e. how many items are in that array, which is probably not what you want.
472 If you need to return an array then return a reference to it,
475 $c->stash->{array} = \@array;
477 and access it from the stash.
479 Keep in mind that the C<end> method used is that of the caller action. So a C<$c-E<gt>detach> inside a forwarded action would run the C<end> method from the original action requested.
483 sub forward { my $c = shift; no warnings 'recursion'; $c->dispatcher->forward( $c, @_ ) }
485 =head2 $c->detach( $action [, \@arguments ] )
487 =head2 $c->detach( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
491 The same as L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>, but
492 doesn't return to the previous action when processing is finished.
494 When called with no arguments it escapes the processing chain entirely.
498 sub detach { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->detach( $c, @_ ) }
500 =head2 $c->visit( $action [, \@arguments ] )
502 =head2 $c->visit( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
504 =head2 $c->visit( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
506 =head2 $c->visit( $class, $method, [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
508 Almost the same as L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>,
509 but does a full dispatch, instead of just calling the new C<$action> /
510 C<< $class->$method >>. This means that C<begin>, C<auto> and the method
511 you go to are called, just like a new request.
513 In addition both C<< $c->action >> and C<< $c->namespace >> are localized.
514 This means, for example, that C<< $c->action >> methods such as
515 L<name|Catalyst::Action/name>, L<class|Catalyst::Action/class> and
516 L<reverse|Catalyst::Action/reverse> return information for the visited action
517 when they are invoked within the visited action. This is different from the
518 behavior of L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>, which
519 continues to use the $c->action object from the caller action even when
520 invoked from the called action.
522 C<< $c->stash >> is kept unchanged.
524 In effect, L<< visit|/"$c->visit( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )" >>
525 allows you to "wrap" another action, just as it would have been called by
526 dispatching from a URL, while the analogous
527 L<< go|/"$c->go( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )" >> allows you to
528 transfer control to another action as if it had been reached directly from a URL.
532 sub visit { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->visit( $c, @_ ) }
534 =head2 $c->go( $action [, \@arguments ] )
536 =head2 $c->go( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
538 =head2 $c->go( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
540 =head2 $c->go( $class, $method, [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
542 The relationship between C<go> and
543 L<< visit|/"$c->visit( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )" >> is the same as
544 the relationship between
545 L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )" >> and
546 L<< detach|/"$c->detach( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>. Like C<< $c->visit >>,
547 C<< $c->go >> will perform a full dispatch on the specified action or method,
548 with localized C<< $c->action >> and C<< $c->namespace >>. Like C<detach>,
549 C<go> escapes the processing of the current request chain on completion, and
550 does not return to its caller.
552 @arguments are arguments to the final destination of $action. @captures are
553 arguments to the intermediate steps, if any, on the way to the final sub of
558 sub go { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->go( $c, @_ ) }
564 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Response> object, see there for details.
568 Returns a hashref to the stash, which may be used to store data and pass
569 it between components during a request. You can also set hash keys by
570 passing arguments. The stash is automatically sent to the view. The
571 stash is cleared at the end of a request; it cannot be used for
572 persistent storage (for this you must use a session; see
573 L<Catalyst::Plugin::Session> for a complete system integrated with
576 $c->stash->{foo} = $bar;
577 $c->stash( { moose => 'majestic', qux => 0 } );
578 $c->stash( bar => 1, gorch => 2 ); # equivalent to passing a hashref
580 # stash is automatically passed to the view for use in a template
581 $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' );
583 The stash hash is currently stored in the PSGI C<$env> and is managed by
584 L<Catalyst::Middleware::Stash>. Since it's part of the C<$env> items in
585 the stash can be accessed in sub applications mounted under your main
586 L<Catalyst> application. For example if you delegate the response of an
587 action to another L<Catalyst> application, that sub application will have
588 access to all the stash keys of the main one, and if can of course add
589 more keys of its own. However those new keys will not 'bubble' back up
590 to the main application.
592 For more information the best thing to do is to review the test case:
593 t/middleware-stash.t in the distribution /t directory.
599 $c->log->error("You are requesting the stash but you don't have a context") unless blessed $c;
600 return Catalyst::Middleware::Stash::get_stash($c->req->env)->(@_);
605 =head2 $c->error($error, ...)
607 =head2 $c->error($arrayref)
609 Returns an arrayref containing error messages. If Catalyst encounters an
610 error while processing a request, it stores the error in $c->error. This
611 method should only be used to store fatal error messages.
613 my @error = @{ $c->error };
617 $c->error('Something bad happened');
619 Calling this will always return an arrayref (if there are no errors it
620 will be an empty arrayref.
627 my $error = is_plain_arrayref($_[0]) ? $_[0] : [@_];
628 croak @$error unless ref $c;
629 push @{ $c->{error} }, @$error;
631 elsif ( defined $_[0] ) { $c->{error} = undef }
632 return $c->{error} || [];
637 Contains the return value of the last executed action.
638 Note that << $c->state >> operates in a scalar context which means that all
639 values it returns are scalar.
641 Please note that if an action throws an exception, the value of state
642 should no longer be considered the return if the last action. It is generally
643 going to be 0, which indicates an error state. Examine $c->error for error
646 =head2 $c->clear_errors
648 Clear errors. You probably don't want to clear the errors unless you are
649 implementing a custom error screen.
651 This is equivalent to running
662 =head2 $c->has_errors
664 Returns true if you have errors
668 sub has_errors { scalar(@{shift->error}) ? 1:0 }
670 =head2 $c->last_error
672 Returns the most recent error in the stack (the one most recently added...)
673 or nothing if there are no errors. This does not modify the contents of the
679 my (@errs) = @{shift->error};
680 return scalar(@errs) ? $errs[-1]: undef;
685 shifts the most recently added error off the error stack and returns it. Returns
686 nothing if there are no more errors.
692 my @errors = @{$self->error};
693 my $err = shift(@errors);
694 $self->{error} = \@errors;
700 pops the most recently added error off the error stack and returns it. Returns
701 nothing if there are no more errors.
707 my @errors = @{$self->error};
708 my $err = pop(@errors);
709 $self->{error} = \@errors;
713 sub _comp_search_prefixes {
715 return map $c->components->{ $_ }, $c->_comp_names_search_prefixes(@_);
718 # search components given a name and some prefixes
719 sub _comp_names_search_prefixes {
720 my ( $c, $name, @prefixes ) = @_;
721 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
722 my $filter = "^${appclass}::(" . join( '|', @prefixes ) . ')::';
723 $filter = qr/$filter/; # Compile regex now rather than once per loop
725 # map the original component name to the sub part that we will search against
726 my %eligible = map { my $n = $_; $n =~ s{^$appclass\::[^:]+::}{}; $_ => $n; }
727 grep { /$filter/ } keys %{ $c->components };
729 # undef for a name will return all
730 return keys %eligible if !defined $name;
732 my $query = is_regexpref($name) ? $name : qr/^$name$/i;
733 my @result = grep { $eligible{$_} =~ m{$query} } keys %eligible;
735 return @result if @result;
737 # if we were given a regexp to search against, we're done.
738 return if is_regexpref($name);
740 # skip regexp fallback if configured
742 if $appclass->config->{disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback};
746 @result = grep { $eligible{ $_ } =~ m{$query} } keys %eligible;
748 # no results? try against full names
750 @result = grep { m{$query} } keys %eligible;
753 # don't warn if we didn't find any results, it just might not exist
755 # Disgusting hack to work out correct method name
756 my $warn_for = lc $prefixes[0];
757 my $msg = "Used regexp fallback for \$c->${warn_for}('${name}'), which found '" .
758 (join '", "', @result) . "'. Relying on regexp fallback behavior for " .
759 "component resolution is unreliable and unsafe.";
760 my $short = $result[0];
761 # remove the component namespace prefix
762 $short =~ s/.*?(Model|Controller|View):://;
763 my $shortmess = Carp::shortmess('');
764 if ($shortmess =~ m#Catalyst/Plugin#) {
765 $msg .= " You probably need to set '$short' instead of '${name}' in this " .
767 } elsif ($shortmess =~ m#Catalyst/lib/(View|Controller)#) {
768 $msg .= " You probably need to set '$short' instead of '${name}' in this " .
769 "component's config";
771 $msg .= " You probably meant \$c->${warn_for}('$short') instead of \$c->${warn_for}('${name}'), " .
772 "but if you really wanted to search, pass in a regexp as the argument " .
773 "like so: \$c->${warn_for}(qr/${name}/)";
775 $c->log->warn( "${msg}$shortmess" );
781 # Find possible names for a prefix
783 my ( $c, @prefixes ) = @_;
784 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
786 my $filter = "^${appclass}::(" . join( '|', @prefixes ) . ')::';
788 my @names = map { s{$filter}{}; $_; }
789 $c->_comp_names_search_prefixes( undef, @prefixes );
794 # Filter a component before returning by calling ACCEPT_CONTEXT if available
796 sub _filter_component {
797 my ( $c, $comp, @args ) = @_;
799 if(is_plain_coderef($comp)) {
803 if ( eval { $comp->can('ACCEPT_CONTEXT'); } ) {
804 return $comp->ACCEPT_CONTEXT( $c, @args );
807 $c->log->warn("You called component '${\$comp->catalyst_component_name}' with arguments [@args], but this component does not ACCEPT_CONTEXT, so args are ignored.") if scalar(@args) && $c->debug;
812 =head2 COMPONENT ACCESSORS
814 =head2 $c->controller($name)
816 Gets a L<Catalyst::Controller> instance by name.
818 $c->controller('Foo')->do_stuff;
820 If the name is omitted, will return the controller for the dispatched
823 If you want to search for controllers, pass in a regexp as the argument.
825 # find all controllers that start with Foo
826 my @foo_controllers = $c->controller(qr{^Foo});
832 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
834 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
836 unless ( is_regexpref($name) ) { # Direct component hash lookup to avoid costly regexps
837 my $comps = $c->components;
838 my $check = $appclass."::Controller::".$name;
839 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{$check}, @args ) if exists $comps->{$check};
840 foreach my $path (@{$appclass->config->{ setup_components }->{ search_extra }}) {
841 next unless $path =~ /.*::Controller/;
842 $check = $path."::".$name;
843 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{$check}, @args ) if exists $comps->{$check};
846 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Controller C/ );
847 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
848 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
851 return $c->component( $c->action->class );
854 =head2 $c->model($name)
856 Gets a L<Catalyst::Model> instance by name.
858 $c->model('Foo')->do_stuff;
860 Any extra arguments are directly passed to ACCEPT_CONTEXT, if the model
861 defines ACCEPT_CONTEXT. If it does not, the args are discarded.
863 If the name is omitted, it will look for
864 - a model object in $c->stash->{current_model_instance}, then
865 - a model name in $c->stash->{current_model}, then
866 - a config setting 'default_model', or
867 - check if there is only one model, and return it if that's the case.
869 If you want to search for models, pass in a regexp as the argument.
871 # find all models that start with Foo
872 my @foo_models = $c->model(qr{^Foo});
877 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
878 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
880 unless ( is_regexpref($name) ) { # Direct component hash lookup to avoid costly regexps
881 my $comps = $c->components;
882 my $check = $appclass."::Model::".$name;
883 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{$check}, @args ) if exists $comps->{$check};
884 foreach my $path (@{$appclass->config->{ setup_components }->{ search_extra }}) {
885 next unless $path =~ /.*::Model/;
886 $check = $path."::".$name;
887 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{$check}, @args ) if exists $comps->{$check};
890 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Model M/ );
891 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
892 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
896 return $c->stash->{current_model_instance}
897 if $c->stash->{current_model_instance};
898 return $c->model( $c->stash->{current_model} )
899 if $c->stash->{current_model};
901 return $c->model( $appclass->config->{default_model} )
902 if $appclass->config->{default_model};
904 my( $comp, $rest ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( undef, qw/Model M/);
907 $c->log->warn( Carp::shortmess('Calling $c->model() will return a random model unless you specify one of:') );
908 $c->log->warn( '* $c->config(default_model => "the name of the default model to use")' );
909 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_model} # the name of the model to use for this request' );
910 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_model_instance} # the instance of the model to use for this request' );
911 $c->log->warn( 'NB: in version 5.81, the "random" behavior will not work at all.' );
914 return $c->_filter_component( $comp );
918 =head2 $c->view($name)
920 Gets a L<Catalyst::View> instance by name.
922 $c->view('Foo')->do_stuff;
924 Any extra arguments are directly passed to ACCEPT_CONTEXT.
926 If the name is omitted, it will look for
927 - a view object in $c->stash->{current_view_instance}, then
928 - a view name in $c->stash->{current_view}, then
929 - a config setting 'default_view', or
930 - check if there is only one view, and return it if that's the case.
932 If you want to search for views, pass in a regexp as the argument.
934 # find all views that start with Foo
935 my @foo_views = $c->view(qr{^Foo});
940 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
942 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
944 unless ( is_regexpref($name) ) { # Direct component hash lookup to avoid costly regexps
945 my $comps = $c->components;
946 my $check = $appclass."::View::".$name;
947 if( exists $comps->{$check} ) {
948 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{$check}, @args );
951 $c->log->warn( "Attempted to use view '$check', but does not exist" );
953 foreach my $path (@{$appclass->config->{ setup_components }->{ search_extra }}) {
954 next unless $path =~ /.*::View/;
955 $check = $path."::".$name;
956 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{$check}, @args ) if exists $comps->{$check};
959 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/View V/ );
960 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
961 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
965 return $c->stash->{current_view_instance}
966 if $c->stash->{current_view_instance};
967 return $c->view( $c->stash->{current_view} )
968 if $c->stash->{current_view};
970 return $c->view( $appclass->config->{default_view} )
971 if $appclass->config->{default_view};
973 my( $comp, $rest ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( undef, qw/View V/);
976 $c->log->warn( 'Calling $c->view() will return a random view unless you specify one of:' );
977 $c->log->warn( '* $c->config(default_view => "the name of the default view to use")' );
978 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_view} # the name of the view to use for this request' );
979 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_view_instance} # the instance of the view to use for this request' );
980 $c->log->warn( 'NB: in version 5.81, the "random" behavior will not work at all.' );
983 return $c->_filter_component( $comp );
986 =head2 $c->controllers
988 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->controller
994 return $c->_comp_names(qw/Controller C/);
999 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->model
1005 return $c->_comp_names(qw/Model M/);
1011 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->view
1017 return $c->_comp_names(qw/View V/);
1020 =head2 $c->comp($name)
1022 =head2 $c->component($name)
1024 Gets a component object by name. This method is not recommended,
1025 unless you want to get a specific component by full
1026 class. C<< $c->controller >>, C<< $c->model >>, and C<< $c->view >>
1027 should be used instead.
1029 If C<$name> is a regexp, a list of components matched against the full
1030 component name will be returned.
1032 If Catalyst can't find a component by name, it will fallback to regex
1033 matching by default. To disable this behaviour set
1034 disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback to a true value.
1036 __PACKAGE__->config( disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback => 1 );
1041 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
1044 my $comps = $c->components;
1047 # is it the exact name?
1048 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{ $name }, @args )
1049 if exists $comps->{ $name };
1051 # perhaps we just omitted "MyApp"?
1052 my $composed = ( ref $c || $c ) . "::${name}";
1053 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{ $composed }, @args )
1054 if exists $comps->{ $composed };
1056 # search all of the models, views and controllers
1057 my( $comp ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Model M Controller C View V/ );
1058 return $c->_filter_component( $comp, @args ) if $comp;
1062 if $c->config->{disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback};
1064 # This is here so $c->comp( '::M::' ) works
1065 my $query = ref $name ? $name : qr{$name}i;
1067 my @result = grep { m{$query} } keys %{ $c->components };
1068 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
1070 if( $result[ 0 ] ) {
1071 $c->log->warn( Carp::shortmess(qq(Found results for "${name}" using regexp fallback)) );
1072 $c->log->warn( 'Relying on the regexp fallback behavior for component resolution' );
1073 $c->log->warn( 'is unreliable and unsafe. You have been warned' );
1074 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
1077 # I would expect to return an empty list here, but that breaks back-compat
1081 return sort keys %{ $c->components };
1084 =head2 CLASS DATA AND HELPER CLASSES
1088 Returns or takes a hashref containing the application's configuration.
1090 __PACKAGE__->config( { db => 'dsn:SQLite:foo.db' } );
1092 You can also use a C<YAML>, C<XML> or L<Config::General> config file
1093 like C<myapp.conf> in your applications home directory. See
1094 L<Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader>.
1096 =head3 Cascading configuration
1098 The config method is present on all Catalyst components, and configuration
1099 will be merged when an application is started. Configuration loaded with
1100 L<Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader> takes precedence over other configuration,
1101 followed by configuration in your top level C<MyApp> class. These two
1102 configurations are merged, and then configuration data whose hash key matches a
1103 component name is merged with configuration for that component.
1105 The configuration for a component is then passed to the C<new> method when a
1106 component is constructed.
1110 MyApp->config({ 'Model::Foo' => { bar => 'baz', overrides => 'me' } });
1111 MyApp::Model::Foo->config({ quux => 'frob', overrides => 'this' });
1113 will mean that C<MyApp::Model::Foo> receives the following data when
1116 MyApp::Model::Foo->new({
1122 It's common practice to use a Moose attribute
1123 on the receiving component to access the config value.
1125 package MyApp::Model::Foo;
1129 # this attr will receive 'baz' at construction time
1135 You can then get the value 'baz' by calling $c->model('Foo')->bar
1136 (or $self->bar inside code in the model).
1138 B<NOTE:> you MUST NOT call C<< $self->config >> or C<< __PACKAGE__->config >>
1139 as a way of reading config within your code, as this B<will not> give you the
1140 correctly merged config back. You B<MUST> take the config values supplied to
1141 the constructor and use those instead.
1145 around config => sub {
1149 croak('Setting config after setup has been run is not allowed.')
1150 if ( @_ and $c->setup_finished );
1157 Returns the logging object instance. Unless it is already set, Catalyst
1158 sets this up with a L<Catalyst::Log> object. To use your own log class,
1159 set the logger with the C<< __PACKAGE__->log >> method prior to calling
1160 C<< __PACKAGE__->setup >>.
1162 __PACKAGE__->log( MyLogger->new );
1167 $c->log->info( 'Now logging with my own logger!' );
1169 Your log class should implement the methods described in
1174 Returned True if there's a valid encoding
1176 =head2 clear_encoding
1178 Clears the encoding for the current context
1182 Sets or gets the application encoding. Setting encoding takes either an
1183 Encoding object or a string that we try to resolve via L<Encode::find_encoding>.
1185 You would expect to get the encoding object back if you attempt to set it. If
1186 there is a failure you will get undef returned and an error message in the log.
1190 sub has_encoding { shift->encoding ? 1:0 }
1192 sub clear_encoding {
1195 $c->encoding(undef);
1197 $c->log->error("You can't clear encoding on the application");
1207 # Don't let one change this once we are too far into the response
1208 if(blessed $c && $c->res->finalized_headers) {
1209 Carp::croak("You may not change the encoding once the headers are finalized");
1213 # Let it be set to undef
1214 if (my $wanted = shift) {
1215 $encoding = Encode::find_encoding($wanted)
1216 or Carp::croak( qq/Unknown encoding '$wanted'/ );
1217 binmode(STDERR, ':encoding(' . $encoding->name . ')');
1224 ? $c->{encoding} = $encoding
1225 : $c->_encoding($encoding);
1227 $encoding = ref $c && exists $c->{encoding}
1237 Returns 1 if debug mode is enabled, 0 otherwise.
1239 You can enable debug mode in several ways:
1243 =item By calling myapp_server.pl with the -d flag
1245 =item With the environment variables MYAPP_DEBUG, or CATALYST_DEBUG
1247 =item The -Debug option in your MyApp.pm
1249 =item By declaring C<sub debug { 1 }> in your MyApp.pm.
1253 The first three also set the log level to 'debug'.
1255 Calling C<< $c->debug(1) >> has no effect.
1261 =head2 $c->dispatcher
1263 Returns the dispatcher instance. See L<Catalyst::Dispatcher>.
1267 Returns the engine instance. See L<Catalyst::Engine>.
1270 =head2 UTILITY METHODS
1272 =head2 $c->path_to(@path)
1274 Merges C<@path> with C<< $c->config->{home} >> and returns a
1275 L<Path::Class::Dir> object. Note you can usually use this object as
1276 a filename, but sometimes you will have to explicitly stringify it
1277 yourself by calling the C<< ->stringify >> method.
1281 $c->path_to( 'db', 'sqlite.db' );
1286 my ( $c, @path ) = @_;
1287 my $path = Path::Class::Dir->new( $c->config->{home}, @path );
1288 if ( -d $path ) { return $path }
1289 else { return Path::Class::File->new( $c->config->{home}, @path ) }
1293 my ( $class, $name, $plugin, @args ) = @_;
1295 # See block comment in t/unit_core_plugin.t
1296 $class->log->warn(qq/Adding plugin using the ->plugin method is deprecated, and will be removed in a future release/);
1298 $class->_register_plugin( $plugin, 1 );
1300 eval { $plugin->import };
1301 $class->mk_classdata($name);
1303 eval { $obj = $plugin->new(@args) };
1306 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
1307 qq/Couldn't instantiate instant plugin "$plugin", "$@"/ );
1310 $class->$name($obj);
1311 $class->log->debug(qq/Initialized instant plugin "$plugin" as "$name"/)
1317 Initializes the dispatcher and engine, loads any plugins, and loads the
1318 model, view, and controller components. You may also specify an array
1319 of plugins to load here, if you choose to not load them in the C<use
1323 MyApp->setup( qw/-Debug/ );
1325 B<Note:> You B<should not> wrap this method with method modifiers
1326 or bad things will happen - wrap the C<setup_finalize> method instead.
1328 B<Note:> You can create a custom setup stage that will execute when the
1329 application is starting. Use this to customize setup.
1331 MyApp->setup(-Custom=value);
1334 my ($class, $value) = @_;
1337 Can be handy if you want to hook into the setup phase.
1342 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
1343 croak('Running setup more than once')
1344 if ( $class->setup_finished );
1346 unless ( $class->isa('Catalyst') ) {
1348 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
1349 message => qq/'$class' does not inherit from Catalyst/ );
1352 if ( $class->arguments ) {
1353 @arguments = ( @arguments, @{ $class->arguments } );
1359 foreach (@arguments) {
1363 ( $flags->{log} ) ? 'debug,' . $flags->{log} : 'debug';
1365 elsif (/^-(\w+)=?(.*)$/) {
1366 $flags->{ lc $1 } = $2;
1369 push @{ $flags->{plugins} }, $_;
1373 $class->setup_home( delete $flags->{home} );
1375 $class->setup_log( delete $flags->{log} );
1376 $class->setup_plugins( delete $flags->{plugins} );
1378 $class->setup_data_handlers();
1379 $class->setup_dispatcher( delete $flags->{dispatcher} );
1380 if (my $engine = delete $flags->{engine}) {
1381 $class->log->warn("Specifying the engine in ->setup is no longer supported, see Catalyst::Upgrading");
1383 $class->setup_engine();
1384 $class->setup_stats( delete $flags->{stats} );
1386 for my $flag ( sort keys %{$flags} ) {
1388 if ( my $code = $class->can( 'setup_' . $flag ) ) {
1389 &$code( $class, delete $flags->{$flag} );
1392 $class->log->warn(qq/Unknown flag "$flag"/);
1396 eval { require Catalyst::Devel; };
1397 if( !$@ && $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} && ( $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} < $Catalyst::Devel::CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN ) ) {
1398 $class->log->warn(<<"EOF");
1399 You are running an old script!
1401 Please update by running (this will overwrite existing files):
1402 catalyst.pl -force -scripts $class
1404 or (this will not overwrite existing files):
1405 catalyst.pl -scripts $class
1410 # Call plugins setup, this is stupid and evil.
1411 # Also screws C3 badly on 5.10, hack to avoid.
1413 no warnings qw/redefine/;
1414 local *setup = sub { };
1415 $class->setup unless $Catalyst::__AM_RESTARTING;
1418 # If you are expecting configuration info as part of your setup, it needs
1419 # to get called here and below, since we need the above line to support
1420 # ConfigLoader based configs.
1422 $class->setup_encoding();
1423 $class->setup_middleware();
1425 # Initialize our data structure
1426 $class->components( {} );
1428 $class->setup_components;
1430 if ( $class->debug ) {
1431 my @plugins = map { "$_ " . ( $_->VERSION || '' ) } $class->registered_plugins;
1434 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 6;
1435 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new($column_width);
1436 $t->row($_) for @plugins;
1437 $class->log->debug( "Loaded plugins:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" );
1440 my @middleware = map {
1441 is_plain_coderef($_) ?
1443 (ref($_) .' '. ($_->can('VERSION') ? $_->VERSION || '' : '')
1444 || '') } $class->registered_middlewares;
1447 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 6;
1448 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new($column_width);
1449 $t->row($_) for @middleware;
1450 $class->log->debug( "Loaded PSGI Middleware:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" );
1453 my %dh = $class->registered_data_handlers;
1454 if (my @data_handlers = keys %dh) {
1455 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 6;
1456 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new($column_width);
1457 $t->row($_) for @data_handlers;
1458 $class->log->debug( "Loaded Request Data Handlers:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" );
1461 my $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher;
1462 my $engine = $class->engine;
1463 my $home = $class->config->{home};
1465 $class->log->debug(sprintf(q/Loaded dispatcher "%s"/, blessed($dispatcher)));
1466 $class->log->debug(sprintf(q/Loaded engine "%s"/, blessed($engine)));
1470 ? $class->log->debug(qq/Found home "$home"/)
1471 : $class->log->debug(qq/Home "$home" doesn't exist/)
1472 : $class->log->debug(q/Couldn't find home/);
1474 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 8 - 9;
1476 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ $column_width, 'Class' ], [ 8, 'Type' ] );
1477 for my $comp ( sort keys %{ $class->components } ) {
1478 my $type = ref $class->components->{$comp} ? 'instance' : 'class';
1479 $t->row( $comp, $type );
1481 $class->log->debug( "Loaded components:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" )
1482 if ( keys %{ $class->components } );
1485 # Add our self to components, since we are also a component
1486 if( $class->isa('Catalyst::Controller') ){
1487 $class->components->{$class} = $class;
1490 $class->setup_actions;
1492 if ( $class->debug ) {
1493 my $name = $class->config->{name} || 'Application';
1494 $class->log->info("$name powered by Catalyst $Catalyst::VERSION");
1497 if ($class->config->{case_sensitive}) {
1498 $class->log->warn($class . "->config->{case_sensitive} is set.");
1499 $class->log->warn("This setting is deprecated and planned to be removed in Catalyst 5.81.");
1502 # call these so we pre setup the composed classes
1503 $class->composed_request_class;
1504 $class->composed_response_class;
1505 $class->composed_stats_class;
1507 $class->setup_finalize;
1509 # Flush the log for good measure (in case something turned off 'autoflush' early)
1510 $class->log->_flush() if $class->log->can('_flush');
1512 return $class || 1; # Just in case someone named their Application 0...
1515 =head2 $app->setup_finalize
1517 A hook to attach modifiers to. This method does not do anything except set the
1518 C<setup_finished> accessor.
1520 Applying method modifiers to the C<setup> method doesn't work, because of quirky things done for plugin setup.
1524 after setup_finalize => sub {
1532 sub setup_finalize {
1534 $class->setup_finished(1);
1537 =head2 $c->uri_for( $path?, @args?, \%query_values?, \$fragment? )
1539 =head2 $c->uri_for( $action, \@captures?, @args?, \%query_values?, \$fragment? )
1541 =head2 $c->uri_for( $action, [@captures, @args], \%query_values?, \$fragment? )
1543 Constructs an absolute L<URI> object based on the application root, the
1544 provided path, and the additional arguments and query parameters provided.
1545 When used as a string, provides a textual URI. If you need more flexibility
1546 than this (i.e. the option to provide relative URIs etc.) see
1547 L<Catalyst::Plugin::SmartURI>.
1549 If no arguments are provided, the URI for the current action is returned.
1550 To return the current action and also provide @args, use
1551 C<< $c->uri_for( $c->action, @args ) >>.
1553 If the first argument is a string, it is taken as a public URI path relative
1554 to C<< $c->namespace >> (if it doesn't begin with a forward slash) or
1555 relative to the application root (if it does). It is then merged with
1556 C<< $c->request->base >>; any C<@args> are appended as additional path
1557 components; and any C<%query_values> are appended as C<?foo=bar> parameters.
1559 B<NOTE> If you are using this 'stringy' first argument, we skip encoding and
1560 allow you to declare something like:
1562 $c->uri_for('/foo/bar#baz')
1564 Where 'baz' is a URI fragment. We consider this first argument string to be
1565 'expert' mode where you are expected to create a valid URL and we for the most
1566 part just pass it through without a lot of internal effort to escape and encode.
1568 If the first argument is a L<Catalyst::Action> it represents an action which
1569 will have its path resolved using C<< $c->dispatcher->uri_for_action >>. The
1570 optional C<\@captures> argument (an arrayref) allows passing the captured
1571 variables that are needed to fill in the paths of Chained and Regex actions;
1572 once the path is resolved, C<uri_for> continues as though a path was
1573 provided, appending any arguments or parameters and creating an absolute
1576 The captures for the current request can be found in
1577 C<< $c->request->captures >>, and actions can be resolved using
1578 C<< Catalyst::Controller->action_for($name) >>. If you have a private action
1579 path, use C<< $c->uri_for_action >> instead.
1581 # Equivalent to $c->req->uri
1582 $c->uri_for($c->action, $c->req->captures,
1583 @{ $c->req->args }, $c->req->params);
1585 # For the Foo action in the Bar controller
1586 $c->uri_for($c->controller('Bar')->action_for('Foo'));
1588 # Path to a static resource
1589 $c->uri_for('/static/images/logo.png');
1591 In general the scheme of the generated URI object will follow the incoming request
1592 however if your targeted action or action chain has the Scheme attribute it will
1595 Also, if the targeted Action or Action chain declares Args/CaptureArgs that have
1596 type constraints, we will require that your proposed URL verify on those declared
1602 my ( $c, $path, @args ) = @_;
1604 if ( $path->$_isa('Catalyst::Controller') ) {
1605 $path = $path->path_prefix;
1610 my $fragment = ((scalar(@args) && is_plain_scalarref($args[-1])) ? pop @args : undef );
1612 unless(blessed $path) {
1613 if (defined($path) and $path =~ s/#(.+)$//) {
1614 if(defined($1) and $fragment) {
1615 carp "Abiguious fragment declaration: You cannot define a fragment in '$path' and as an argument '$fragment'";
1624 ( scalar @args && is_plain_hashref($args[$#args]) ? pop @args : {} );
1626 undef($path) if (defined $path && $path eq '');
1628 carp "uri_for called with undef argument" if grep { ! defined $_ } @args;
1630 my $target_action = $path->$_isa('Catalyst::Action') ? $path : undef;
1631 if ( $path->$_isa('Catalyst::Action') ) { # action object
1632 s|/|%2F|g for @args;
1633 my $captures = [ map { s|/|%2F|g; $_; }
1634 ( scalar @args && is_plain_arrayref($args[0])
1639 my $expanded_action = $c->dispatcher->expand_action( $action );
1640 my $num_captures = $expanded_action->number_of_captures;
1642 # ->uri_for( $action, \@captures_and_args, \%query_values? )
1643 if( !@args && $action->number_of_args ) {
1644 unshift @args, splice @$captures, $num_captures;
1648 unless($expanded_action->match_captures_constraints($c, $captures)) {
1649 carp "captures [@{$captures}] do not match the type constraints in actionchain ending with '$expanded_action'";
1654 $path = $c->dispatcher->uri_for_action($action, $captures);
1655 if (not defined $path) {
1656 $c->log->debug(qq/Can't find uri_for action '$action' @$captures/)
1660 $path = '/' if $path eq '';
1662 # At this point @encoded_args is the remaining Args (all captures removed).
1663 if($expanded_action->has_args_constraints) {
1664 unless($expanded_action->match_args($c,\@args)) {
1665 carp "args [@args] do not match the type constraints in action '$expanded_action'";
1671 unshift(@args, $path);
1673 unless (defined $path && $path =~ s!^/!!) { # in-place strip
1674 my $namespace = $c->namespace;
1675 if (defined $path) { # cheesy hack to handle path '../foo'
1676 $namespace =~ s{(?:^|/)[^/]+$}{} while $args[0] =~ s{^\.\./}{};
1678 unshift(@args, $namespace || '');
1681 # join args with '/', or a blank string
1682 my $args = join('/', grep { defined($_) } @args);
1683 $args =~ s/\?/%3F/g; # STUPID STUPID SPECIAL CASE
1686 my ($base, $class) = ('/', 'URI::_generic');
1688 $base = $c->req->base;
1689 if($target_action) {
1690 $target_action = $c->dispatcher->expand_action($target_action);
1691 if(my $s = $target_action->scheme) {
1696 $class = ref($base);
1699 $class = ref($base);
1702 $base =~ s{(?<!/)$}{/};
1706 if (my @keys = keys %$params) {
1707 # somewhat lifted from URI::_query's query_form
1708 $query = '?'.join('&', map {
1709 my $val = $params->{$_};
1710 #s/([;\/?:@&=+,\$\[\]%])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go; ## Commented out because seems to lead to double encoding - JNAP
1713 $val = '' unless defined $val;
1716 $param = encode_utf8($param);
1717 # using the URI::Escape pattern here so utf8 chars survive
1718 $param =~ s/([^A-Za-z0-9\-_.!~*'() ])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1721 $key = encode_utf8($key);
1722 # using the URI::Escape pattern here so utf8 chars survive
1723 $key =~ s/([^A-Za-z0-9\-_.!~*'() ])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1726 "${key}=$param"; } ( is_plain_arrayref($val) ? @$val : $val ));
1730 $base = encode_utf8 $base;
1731 $base =~ s/([^$URI::uric])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1732 $args = encode_utf8 $args;
1733 $args =~ s/([^$URI::uric])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1735 if(defined $fragment) {
1737 $fragment = encode_utf8(${$fragment});
1738 $fragment =~ s/([^A-Za-z0-9\-_.!~*'() ])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1739 $fragment =~ s/ /+/g;
1741 $query .= "#$fragment";
1744 my $res = bless(\"${base}${args}${query}", $class);
1748 =head2 $c->uri_for_action( $path, \@captures_and_args?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1750 =head2 $c->uri_for_action( $action, \@captures_and_args?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1756 A private path to the Catalyst action you want to create a URI for.
1758 This is a shortcut for calling C<< $c->dispatcher->get_action_by_path($path)
1759 >> and passing the resulting C<$action> and the remaining arguments to C<<
1762 You can also pass in a Catalyst::Action object, in which case it is passed to
1765 Note that although the path looks like a URI that dispatches to the wanted action, it is not a URI, but an internal path to that action.
1767 For example, if the action looks like:
1769 package MyApp::Controller::Users;
1771 sub lst : Path('the-list') {}
1775 $c->uri_for_action('/users/lst')
1777 and it will create the URI /users/the-list.
1779 =item \@captures_and_args?
1781 Optional array reference of Captures (i.e. C<<CaptureArgs or $c->req->captures>)
1782 and arguments to the request. Usually used with L<Catalyst::DispatchType::Chained>
1783 to interpolate all the parameters in the URI.
1787 Optional list of extra arguments - can be supplied in the
1788 C<< \@captures_and_args? >> array ref, or here - whichever is easier for your
1791 Your action can have zero, a fixed or a variable number of args (e.g.
1792 C<< Args(1) >> for a fixed number or C<< Args() >> for a variable number)..
1794 =item \%query_values?
1796 Optional array reference of query parameters to append. E.g.
1802 /rest/of/your/uri?foo=bar
1808 sub uri_for_action {
1809 my ( $c, $path, @args ) = @_;
1810 my $action = blessed($path)
1812 : $c->dispatcher->get_action_by_path($path);
1813 unless (defined $action) {
1814 croak "Can't find action for path '$path'";
1816 return $c->uri_for( $action, @args );
1819 =head2 $c->welcome_message
1821 Returns the Catalyst welcome HTML page.
1825 sub welcome_message {
1827 my $name = $c->config->{name};
1828 my $logo = $c->uri_for('/static/images/catalyst_logo.png');
1829 my $prefix = Catalyst::Utils::appprefix( ref $c );
1830 $c->response->content_type('text/html; charset=utf-8');
1832 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
1833 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
1834 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
1836 <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en" />
1837 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
1838 <title>$name on Catalyst $VERSION</title>
1839 <style type="text/css">
1842 background-color: #eee;
1849 margin-bottom: 10px;
1851 background-color: #ccc;
1852 border: 1px solid #aaa;
1857 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
1860 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
1863 text-decoration: none;
1865 border-bottom: 1px dotted #bbb;
1867 :link:hover, :visited:hover {
1880 background-color: #fff;
1881 border: 1px solid #aaa;
1885 font-weight: normal;
1907 <h1><span id="appname">$name</span> on <a href="http://catalyst.perl.org">Catalyst</a>
1912 <img src="$logo" alt="Catalyst Logo" />
1914 <p>Welcome to the world of Catalyst.
1915 This <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MVC">MVC</a>
1916 framework will make web development something you had
1917 never expected it to be: Fun, rewarding, and quick.</p>
1918 <h2>What to do now?</h2>
1919 <p>That really depends on what <b>you</b> want to do.
1920 We do, however, provide you with a few starting points.</p>
1921 <p>If you want to jump right into web development with Catalyst
1922 you might want to start with a tutorial.</p>
1923 <pre>perldoc <a href="https://metacpan.org/module/Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial">Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial</a></code>
1925 <p>Afterwards you can go on to check out a more complete look at our features.</p>
1927 <code>perldoc <a href="https://metacpan.org/module/Catalyst::Manual::Intro">Catalyst::Manual::Intro</a>
1928 <!-- Something else should go here, but the Catalyst::Manual link seems unhelpful -->
1930 <h2>What to do next?</h2>
1931 <p>Next it's time to write an actual application. Use the
1932 helper scripts to generate <a href="https://metacpan.org/search?q=Catalyst%3A%3AController">controllers</a>,
1933 <a href="https://metacpan.org/search?q=Catalyst%3A%3AModel">models</a>, and
1934 <a href="https://metacpan.org/search?q=Catalyst%3A%3AView">views</a>;
1935 they can save you a lot of work.</p>
1936 <pre><code>script/${prefix}_create.pl --help</code></pre>
1937 <p>Also, be sure to check out the vast and growing
1938 collection of <a href="http://search.cpan.org/search?query=Catalyst">plugins for Catalyst on CPAN</a>;
1939 you are likely to find what you need there.
1943 <p>Catalyst has a very active community. Here are the main places to
1944 get in touch with us.</p>
1947 <a href="http://dev.catalyst.perl.org">Wiki</a>
1950 <a href="http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst">Mailing-List</a>
1953 <a href="irc://irc.perl.org/catalyst">IRC channel #catalyst on irc.perl.org</a>
1956 <h2>In conclusion</h2>
1957 <p>The Catalyst team hopes you will enjoy using Catalyst as much
1958 as we enjoyed making it. Please contact us if you have ideas
1959 for improvement or other feedback.</p>
1969 Contains a hash of options passed from the application script, including
1970 the original ARGV the script received, the processed values from that
1971 ARGV and any extra arguments to the script which were not processed.
1973 This can be used to add custom options to your application's scripts
1974 and setup your application differently depending on the values of these
1977 =head1 INTERNAL METHODS
1979 These methods are not meant to be used by end users.
1981 =head2 $c->components
1983 Returns a hash of components.
1985 =head2 $c->context_class
1987 Returns or sets the context class.
1991 Returns a hashref containing coderefs and execution counts (needed for
1992 deep recursion detection).
1996 Returns the number of actions on the current internal execution stack.
2000 Dispatches a request to actions.
2004 sub dispatch { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->dispatch( $c, @_ ) }
2006 =head2 $c->dispatcher_class
2008 Returns or sets the dispatcher class.
2010 =head2 $c->dump_these
2012 Returns a list of 2-element array references (name, structure) pairs
2013 that will be dumped on the error page in debug mode.
2019 [ Request => $c->req ],
2020 [ Response => $c->res ],
2021 [ Stash => $c->stash ],
2022 [ Config => $c->config ];
2025 =head2 $c->engine_class
2027 Returns or sets the engine class.
2029 =head2 $c->execute( $class, $coderef )
2031 Execute a coderef in given class and catch exceptions. Errors are available
2037 my ( $c, $class, $code ) = @_;
2038 $class = $c->component($class) || $class;
2041 if ( $c->depth >= $RECURSION ) {
2042 my $action = $code->reverse();
2043 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /->/;
2044 my $error = qq/Deep recursion detected calling "${action}"/;
2045 $c->log->error($error);
2051 my $stats_info = $c->_stats_start_execute( $code ) if $c->use_stats;
2053 push( @{ $c->stack }, $code );
2055 no warnings 'recursion';
2056 # N.B. This used to be combined, but I have seen $c get clobbered if so, and
2057 # I have no idea how, ergo $ret (which appears to fix the issue)
2058 eval { my $ret = $code->execute( $class, $c, @{ $c->req->args } ) || 0; $c->state( $ret ) };
2060 $c->_stats_finish_execute( $stats_info ) if $c->use_stats and $stats_info;
2062 my $last = pop( @{ $c->stack } );
2064 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
2065 #rethow if this can be handled by middleware
2066 if ( $c->_handle_http_exception($error) ) {
2067 foreach my $err (@{$c->error}) {
2068 $c->log->error($err);
2071 $c->log->_flush if $c->log->can('_flush');
2073 $error->can('rethrow') ? $error->rethrow : croak $error;
2075 if ( blessed($error) and $error->isa('Catalyst::Exception::Detach') ) {
2076 $error->rethrow if $c->depth > 1;
2078 elsif ( blessed($error) and $error->isa('Catalyst::Exception::Go') ) {
2079 $error->rethrow if $c->depth > 0;
2082 unless ( ref $error ) {
2083 no warnings 'uninitialized';
2085 my $class = $last->class;
2086 my $name = $last->name;
2087 $error = qq/Caught exception in $class->$name "$error"/;
2096 sub _stats_start_execute {
2097 my ( $c, $code ) = @_;
2098 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
2099 return if ( ( $code->name =~ /^_.*/ )
2100 && ( !$appclass->config->{show_internal_actions} ) );
2102 my $action_name = $code->reverse();
2103 $c->counter->{$action_name}++;
2105 my $action = $action_name;
2106 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /->/;
2108 # determine if the call was the result of a forward
2109 # this is done by walking up the call stack and looking for a calling
2110 # sub of Catalyst::forward before the eval
2112 for my $index ( 2 .. 11 ) {
2114 if ( ( caller($index) )[0] eq 'Catalyst'
2115 && ( caller($index) )[3] eq '(eval)' );
2117 if ( ( caller($index) )[3] =~ /forward$/ ) {
2118 $callsub = ( caller($index) )[3];
2119 $action = "-> $action";
2124 my $uid = $action_name . $c->counter->{$action_name};
2126 # is this a root-level call or a forwarded call?
2127 if ( $callsub =~ /forward$/ ) {
2128 my $parent = $c->stack->[-1];
2130 # forward, locate the caller
2131 if ( defined $parent && exists $c->counter->{"$parent"} ) {
2134 parent => "$parent" . $c->counter->{"$parent"},
2140 # forward with no caller may come from a plugin
2159 sub _stats_finish_execute {
2160 my ( $c, $info ) = @_;
2161 $c->stats->profile( end => $info );
2166 Finalizes the request.
2173 for my $error ( @{ $c->error } ) {
2174 $c->log->error($error);
2177 # Support skipping finalize for psgix.io style 'jailbreak'. Used to support
2178 # stuff like cometd and websockets
2180 if($c->request->_has_io_fh) {
2185 # Allow engine to handle finalize flow (for POE)
2186 my $engine = $c->engine;
2187 if ( my $code = $engine->can('finalize') ) {
2192 $c->finalize_uploads;
2195 if ( $#{ $c->error } >= 0 ) {
2199 $c->finalize_encoding;
2200 $c->finalize_headers unless $c->response->finalized_headers;
2206 if ($c->use_stats) {
2207 my $elapsed = $c->stats->elapsed;
2208 my $av = $elapsed == 0 ? '??' : sprintf '%.3f', 1 / $elapsed;
2210 "Request took ${elapsed}s ($av/s)\n" . $c->stats->report . "\n" );
2213 return $c->response->status;
2216 =head2 $c->finalize_body
2222 sub finalize_body { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_body( $c, @_ ) }
2224 =head2 $c->finalize_cookies
2230 sub finalize_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_cookies( $c, @_ ) }
2232 =head2 $c->finalize_error
2234 Finalizes error. If there is only one error in L</error> and it is an object that
2235 does C<as_psgi> or C<code> we rethrow the error and presume it caught by middleware
2236 up the ladder. Otherwise we return the debugging error page (in debug mode) or we
2237 return the default error page (production mode).
2241 sub finalize_error {
2243 if($#{$c->error} > 0) {
2244 $c->engine->finalize_error( $c, @_ );
2246 my ($error) = @{$c->error};
2247 if ( $c->_handle_http_exception($error) ) {
2248 # In the case where the error 'knows what it wants', becauses its PSGI
2249 # aware, just rethow and let middleware catch it
2250 $error->can('rethrow') ? $error->rethrow : croak $error;
2252 $c->engine->finalize_error( $c, @_ )
2257 =head2 $c->finalize_headers
2263 sub finalize_headers {
2266 my $response = $c->response; #accessor calls can add up?
2268 # Check if we already finalized headers
2269 return if $response->finalized_headers;
2272 if ( my $location = $response->redirect ) {
2273 $c->log->debug(qq/Redirecting to "$location"/) if $c->debug;
2274 $response->header( Location => $location );
2277 # Remove incorrectly added body and content related meta data when returning
2278 # an information response, or a response the is required to not include a body
2280 $c->finalize_cookies;
2282 # This currently is a NOOP but I don't want to remove it since I guess people
2283 # might have Response subclasses that use it for something... (JNAP)
2284 $c->response->finalize_headers();
2287 $response->finalized_headers(1);
2290 =head2 $c->finalize_encoding
2292 Make sure your body is encoded properly IF you set an encoding. By
2293 default the encoding is UTF-8 but you can disable it by explicitly setting the
2294 encoding configuration value to undef.
2296 We can only encode when the body is a scalar. Methods for encoding via the
2297 streaming interfaces (such as C<write> and C<write_fh> on L<Catalyst::Response>
2304 sub finalize_encoding {
2306 my $res = $c->res || return;
2308 # Warn if the set charset is different from the one you put into encoding. We need
2309 # to do this early since encodable_response is false for this condition and we need
2310 # to match the debug output for backcompat (there's a test for this...) -JNAP
2312 $res->content_type_charset and $c->encoding and
2313 (uc($c->encoding->mime_name) ne uc($res->content_type_charset))
2315 my $ct = lc($res->content_type_charset);
2316 $c->log->debug("Catalyst encoding config is set to encode in '" .
2317 $c->encoding->mime_name .
2318 "', content type is '$ct', not encoding ");
2322 ($res->encodable_response) and
2323 (defined($res->body)) and
2324 (is_plain_scalarref(\$res->body))
2326 $c->res->body( $c->encoding->encode( $c->res->body, $c->_encode_check ) );
2328 # Set the charset if necessary. This might be a bit bonkers since encodable response
2329 # is false when the set charset is not the same as the encoding mimetype (maybe
2330 # confusing action at a distance here..
2331 # Don't try to set the charset if one already exists or if headers are already finalized
2332 $c->res->content_type($c->res->content_type . "; charset=" . $c->encoding->mime_name)
2333 unless($c->res->content_type_charset ||
2334 ($c->res->_context && $c->res->finalized_headers && !$c->res->_has_response_cb));
2338 =head2 $c->finalize_output
2340 An alias for finalize_body.
2342 =head2 $c->finalize_read
2344 Finalizes the input after reading is complete.
2348 sub finalize_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_read( $c, @_ ) }
2350 =head2 $c->finalize_uploads
2352 Finalizes uploads. Cleans up any temporary files.
2356 sub finalize_uploads { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_uploads( $c, @_ ) }
2358 =head2 $c->get_action( $action, $namespace )
2360 Gets an action in a given namespace.
2364 sub get_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_action(@_) }
2366 =head2 $c->get_actions( $action, $namespace )
2368 Gets all actions of a given name in a namespace and all parent
2373 sub get_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_actions( $c, @_ ) }
2375 =head2 $app->handle_request( @arguments )
2377 Called to handle each HTTP request.
2381 sub handle_request {
2382 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
2384 # Always expect worst case!
2387 if ($class->debug) {
2388 my $secs = time - $START || 1;
2389 my $av = sprintf '%.3f', $COUNT / $secs;
2390 my $time = localtime time;
2391 $class->log->info("*** Request $COUNT ($av/s) [$$] [$time] ***");
2394 my $c = $class->prepare(@arguments);
2396 $status = $c->finalize;
2398 #rethow if this can be handled by middleware
2399 if ( $class->_handle_http_exception($_) ) {
2400 $_->can('rethrow') ? $_->rethrow : croak $_;
2402 chomp(my $error = $_);
2403 $class->log->error(qq/Caught exception in engine "$error"/);
2408 if(my $coderef = $class->log->can('_flush')){
2409 $class->log->$coderef();
2414 =head2 $class->prepare( @arguments )
2416 Creates a Catalyst context from an engine-specific request (Apache, CGI,
2423 predicate => '_has_uploadtmp',
2427 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
2430 # After the app/ctxt split, this should become an attribute based on something passed
2431 # into the application.
2432 $class->context_class( ref $class || $class ) unless $class->context_class;
2434 my $uploadtmp = $class->config->{uploadtmp};
2435 my $c = $class->context_class->new({ $uploadtmp ? (_uploadtmp => $uploadtmp) : ()});
2437 $c->response->_context($c);
2438 $c->stats($class->stats_class->new)->enable($c->use_stats);
2440 if ( $c->debug || $c->config->{enable_catalyst_header} ) {
2441 $c->res->headers->header( 'X-Catalyst' => $Catalyst::VERSION );
2445 # Allow engine to direct the prepare flow (for POE)
2446 if ( my $prepare = $c->engine->can('prepare') ) {
2447 $c->engine->$prepare( $c, @arguments );
2450 $c->prepare_request(@arguments);
2451 $c->prepare_connection;
2452 $c->prepare_query_parameters;
2453 $c->prepare_headers; # Just hooks, no longer needed - they just
2454 $c->prepare_cookies; # cause the lazy attribute on req to build
2457 # Prepare the body for reading, either by prepare_body
2458 # or the user, if they are using $c->read
2461 # Parse the body unless the user wants it on-demand
2462 unless ( ref($c)->config->{parse_on_demand} ) {
2468 # VERY ugly and probably shouldn't rely on ->finalize actually working
2470 # failed prepare is always due to an invalid request, right?
2471 # Note we call finalize and then die here, which escapes
2472 # finalize being called in the enclosing block..
2473 # It in fact couldn't be called, as we don't return $c..
2474 # This is a mess - but I'm unsure you can fix this without
2475 # breaking compat for people doing crazy things (we should set
2476 # the 400 and just return the ctx here IMO, letting finalize get called
2478 if ( $c->_handle_http_exception($_) ) {
2479 foreach my $err (@{$c->error}) {
2480 $c->log->error($err);
2483 $c->log->_flush if $c->log->can('_flush');
2484 $_->can('rethrow') ? $_->rethrow : croak $_;
2486 $c->response->status(400);
2487 $c->response->content_type('text/plain');
2488 $c->response->body('Bad Request');
2495 $c->{stash} = $c->stash;
2496 Scalar::Util::weaken($c->{stash});
2501 =head2 $c->prepare_action
2503 Prepares action. See L<Catalyst::Dispatcher>.
2507 sub prepare_action {
2509 my $ret = $c->dispatcher->prepare_action( $c, @_);
2512 foreach (@{$c->req->arguments}, @{$c->req->captures}) {
2513 $_ = $c->_handle_param_unicode_decoding($_);
2521 =head2 $c->prepare_body
2523 Prepares message body.
2530 return if $c->request->_has_body;
2532 # Initialize on-demand data
2533 $c->engine->prepare_body( $c, @_ );
2534 $c->prepare_parameters;
2535 $c->prepare_uploads;
2538 =head2 $c->prepare_body_chunk( $chunk )
2540 Prepares a chunk of data before sending it to L<HTTP::Body>.
2542 See L<Catalyst::Engine>.
2546 sub prepare_body_chunk {
2548 $c->engine->prepare_body_chunk( $c, @_ );
2551 =head2 $c->prepare_body_parameters
2553 Prepares body parameters.
2557 sub prepare_body_parameters {
2559 $c->request->prepare_body_parameters( $c, @_ );
2562 =head2 $c->prepare_connection
2564 Prepares connection.
2568 sub prepare_connection {
2570 $c->request->prepare_connection($c);
2573 =head2 $c->prepare_cookies
2575 Prepares cookies by ensuring that the attribute on the request
2576 object has been built.
2580 sub prepare_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->request->cookies }
2582 =head2 $c->prepare_headers
2584 Prepares request headers by ensuring that the attribute on the request
2585 object has been built.
2589 sub prepare_headers { my $c = shift; $c->request->headers }
2591 =head2 $c->prepare_parameters
2593 Prepares parameters.
2597 sub prepare_parameters {
2599 $c->prepare_body_parameters;
2600 $c->engine->prepare_parameters( $c, @_ );
2603 =head2 $c->prepare_path
2605 Prepares path and base.
2609 sub prepare_path { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_path( $c, @_ ) }
2611 =head2 $c->prepare_query_parameters
2613 Prepares query parameters.
2617 sub prepare_query_parameters {
2620 $c->engine->prepare_query_parameters( $c, @_ );
2623 =head2 $c->log_request
2625 Writes information about the request to the debug logs. This includes:
2629 =item * Request method, path, and remote IP address
2631 =item * Query keywords (see L<Catalyst::Request/query_keywords>)
2633 =item * Request parameters
2635 =item * File uploads
2644 return unless $c->debug;
2646 my($dump) = grep {$_->[0] eq 'Request' } $c->dump_these;
2647 my $request = $dump->[1];
2649 my ( $method, $path, $address ) = ( $request->method, $request->path, $request->address );
2651 $path = '/' unless length $path;
2654 $path =~ s/%([0-9A-Fa-f]{2})/chr(hex($1))/eg;
2655 $path = decode_utf8($path);
2657 $c->log->debug(qq/"$method" request for "$path" from "$address"/);
2659 $c->log_request_headers($request->headers);
2661 if ( my $keywords = $request->query_keywords ) {
2662 $c->log->debug("Query keywords are: $keywords");
2665 $c->log_request_parameters( query => $request->query_parameters, $request->_has_body ? (body => $request->body_parameters) : () );
2667 $c->log_request_uploads($request);
2670 =head2 $c->log_response
2672 Writes information about the response to the debug logs by calling
2673 C<< $c->log_response_status_line >> and C<< $c->log_response_headers >>.
2680 return unless $c->debug;
2682 my($dump) = grep {$_->[0] eq 'Response' } $c->dump_these;
2683 my $response = $dump->[1];
2685 $c->log_response_status_line($response);
2686 $c->log_response_headers($response->headers);
2689 =head2 $c->log_response_status_line($response)
2691 Writes one line of information about the response to the debug logs. This includes:
2695 =item * Response status code
2697 =item * Content-Type header (if present)
2699 =item * Content-Length header (if present)
2705 sub log_response_status_line {
2706 my ($c, $response) = @_;
2710 'Response Code: %s; Content-Type: %s; Content-Length: %s',
2711 $response->status || 'unknown',
2712 $response->headers->header('Content-Type') || 'unknown',
2713 $response->headers->header('Content-Length') || 'unknown'
2718 =head2 $c->log_response_headers($headers);
2720 Hook method which can be wrapped by plugins to log the response headers.
2721 No-op in the default implementation.
2725 sub log_response_headers {}
2727 =head2 $c->log_request_parameters( query => {}, body => {} )
2729 Logs request parameters to debug logs
2733 sub log_request_parameters {
2735 my %all_params = @_;
2737 return unless $c->debug;
2739 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 44;
2740 foreach my $type (qw(query body)) {
2741 my $params = $all_params{$type};
2742 next if ! keys %$params;
2743 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 35, 'Parameter' ], [ $column_width, 'Value' ] );
2744 for my $key ( sort keys %$params ) {
2745 my $param = $params->{$key};
2746 my $value = defined($param) ? $param : '';
2747 $t->row( $key, is_plain_arrayref($value) ? ( join ', ', @$value ) : $value );
2749 $c->log->debug( ucfirst($type) . " Parameters are:\n" . $t->draw );
2753 =head2 $c->log_request_uploads
2755 Logs file uploads included in the request to the debug logs.
2756 The parameter name, filename, file type, and file size are all included in
2761 sub log_request_uploads {
2763 my $request = shift;
2764 return unless $c->debug;
2765 my $uploads = $request->uploads;
2766 if ( keys %$uploads ) {
2767 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new(
2768 [ 12, 'Parameter' ],
2773 for my $key ( sort keys %$uploads ) {
2774 my $upload = $uploads->{$key};
2775 for my $u ( is_plain_arrayref($upload) ? @{$upload} : ($upload) ) {
2776 $t->row( $key, $u->filename, $u->type, $u->size );
2779 $c->log->debug( "File Uploads are:\n" . $t->draw );
2783 =head2 $c->log_request_headers($headers);
2785 Hook method which can be wrapped by plugins to log the request headers.
2786 No-op in the default implementation.
2790 sub log_request_headers {}
2792 =head2 $c->log_headers($type => $headers)
2794 Logs L<HTTP::Headers> (either request or response) to the debug logs.
2801 my $headers = shift; # an HTTP::Headers instance
2803 return unless $c->debug;
2805 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 28;
2806 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 15, 'Header Name' ], [ $column_width, 'Value' ] );
2809 my ( $name, $value ) = @_;
2810 $t->row( $name, $value );
2813 $c->log->debug( ucfirst($type) . " Headers:\n" . $t->draw );
2817 =head2 $c->prepare_read
2819 Prepares the input for reading.
2823 sub prepare_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_read( $c, @_ ) }
2825 =head2 $c->prepare_request
2827 Prepares the engine request.
2831 sub prepare_request { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_request( $c, @_ ) }
2833 =head2 $c->prepare_uploads
2839 sub prepare_uploads {
2841 $c->engine->prepare_uploads( $c, @_ );
2844 =head2 $c->prepare_write
2846 Prepares the output for writing.
2850 sub prepare_write { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_write( $c, @_ ) }
2852 =head2 $c->request_class
2854 Returns or sets the request class. Defaults to L<Catalyst::Request>.
2856 =head2 $app->request_class_traits
2858 An arrayref of L<Moose::Role>s which are applied to the request class. You can
2859 name the full namespace of the role, or a namespace suffix, which will then
2860 be tried against the following standard namespace prefixes.
2862 $MyApp::TraitFor::Request::$trait_suffix
2863 Catalyst::TraitFor::Request::$trait_suffix
2865 So for example if you set:
2867 MyApp->request_class_traits(['Foo']);
2869 We try each possible role in turn (and throw an error if none load)
2872 MyApp::TraitFor::Request::Foo
2873 Catalyst::TraitFor::Request::Foo
2875 The namespace part 'TraitFor::Request' was chosen to assist in backwards
2876 compatibility with L<CatalystX::RoleApplicator> which previously provided
2877 these features in a stand alone package.
2879 =head2 $app->composed_request_class
2881 This is the request class which has been composed with any request_class_traits.
2883 =head2 $c->response_class
2885 Returns or sets the response class. Defaults to L<Catalyst::Response>.
2887 =head2 $app->response_class_traits
2889 An arrayref of L<Moose::Role>s which are applied to the response class. You can
2890 name the full namespace of the role, or a namespace suffix, which will then
2891 be tried against the following standard namespace prefixes.
2893 $MyApp::TraitFor::Response::$trait_suffix
2894 Catalyst::TraitFor::Response::$trait_suffix
2896 So for example if you set:
2898 MyApp->response_class_traits(['Foo']);
2900 We try each possible role in turn (and throw an error if none load)
2903 MyApp::TraitFor::Response::Foo
2904 Catalyst::TraitFor::Responset::Foo
2906 The namespace part 'TraitFor::Response' was chosen to assist in backwards
2907 compatibility with L<CatalystX::RoleApplicator> which previously provided
2908 these features in a stand alone package.
2911 =head2 $app->composed_response_class
2913 This is the request class which has been composed with any response_class_traits.
2915 =head2 $c->read( [$maxlength] )
2917 Reads a chunk of data from the request body. This method is designed to
2918 be used in a while loop, reading C<$maxlength> bytes on every call.
2919 C<$maxlength> defaults to the size of the request if not specified.
2921 You have to set C<< MyApp->config(parse_on_demand => 1) >> to use this
2924 Warning: If you use read(), Catalyst will not process the body,
2925 so you will not be able to access POST parameters or file uploads via
2926 $c->request. You must handle all body parsing yourself.
2930 sub read { my $c = shift; return $c->request->read( @_ ) }
2940 $app->_make_immutable_if_needed;
2941 $app->engine_loader->needs_psgi_engine_compat_hack ?
2942 $app->engine->run($app, @_) :
2943 $app->engine->run( $app, $app->_finalized_psgi_app, @_ );
2946 sub _make_immutable_if_needed {
2948 my $meta = find_meta($class);
2949 my $isa_ca = $class->isa('Class::Accessor::Fast') || $class->isa('Class::Accessor');
2952 && ! { $meta->immutable_options }->{replace_constructor}
2955 warn("You made your application class ($class) immutable, "
2956 . "but did not inline the\nconstructor. "
2957 . "This will break catalyst, as your app \@ISA "
2958 . "Class::Accessor(::Fast)?\nPlease pass "
2959 . "(replace_constructor => 1)\nwhen making your class immutable.\n");
2961 unless ($meta->is_immutable) {
2962 # XXX - FIXME warning here as you should make your app immutable yourself.
2963 $meta->make_immutable(
2964 replace_constructor => 1,
2969 =head2 $c->set_action( $action, $code, $namespace, $attrs )
2971 Sets an action in a given namespace.
2975 sub set_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->set_action( $c, @_ ) }
2977 =head2 $c->setup_actions($component)
2979 Sets up actions for a component.
2983 sub setup_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->setup_actions( $c, @_ ) }
2985 =head2 $c->setup_components
2987 This method is called internally to set up the application's components.
2989 It finds modules by calling the L<locate_components> method, expands them to
2990 package names with the L<expand_component_module> method, and then installs
2991 each component into the application.
2993 The C<setup_components> config option is passed to both of the above methods.
2995 Installation of each component is performed by the L<setup_component> method,
3000 sub setup_components {
3003 my $config = $class->config->{ setup_components };
3005 my @comps = $class->locate_components($config);
3006 my %comps = map { $_ => 1 } @comps;
3008 my $deprecatedcatalyst_component_names = grep { /::[CMV]::/ } @comps;
3009 $class->log->warn(qq{Your application is using the deprecated ::[MVC]:: type naming scheme.\n}.
3010 qq{Please switch your class names to ::Model::, ::View:: and ::Controller: as appropriate.\n}
3011 ) if $deprecatedcatalyst_component_names;
3013 for my $component ( @comps ) {
3015 # We pass ignore_loaded here so that overlay files for (e.g.)
3016 # Model::DBI::Schema sub-classes are loaded - if it's in @comps
3017 # we know M::P::O found a file on disk so this is safe
3019 Catalyst::Utils::ensure_class_loaded( $component, { ignore_loaded => 1 } );
3022 for my $component (@comps) {
3023 my $instance = $class->components->{ $component } = $class->delayed_setup_component($component);
3026 # Inject a component or wrap a stand alone class in an adaptor. This makes a list
3027 # of named components in the configuration that are not actually existing (not a
3030 my @injected = $class->setup_injected_components;
3032 # All components are registered, now we need to 'init' them.
3033 foreach my $component_name (@comps, @injected) {
3034 $class->components->{$component_name} = $class->components->{$component_name}->() if
3035 is_plain_coderef($class->components->{$component_name});
3039 =head2 $app->setup_injected_components
3041 Called by setup_compoents to setup components that are injected.
3045 sub setup_injected_components {
3047 my @injected_components = keys %{$class->config->{inject_components} ||+{}};
3049 foreach my $injected_comp_name(@injected_components) {
3050 $class->setup_injected_component(
3051 $injected_comp_name,
3052 $class->config->{inject_components}->{$injected_comp_name});
3055 return map { $class ."::" . $_ }
3056 @injected_components;
3059 =head2 $app->setup_injected_component( $injected_component_name, $config )
3061 Setup a given injected component.
3065 sub setup_injected_component {
3066 my ($class, $injected_comp_name, $config) = @_;
3067 if(my $component_class = $config->{from_component}) {
3068 my @roles = @{$config->{roles} ||[]};
3069 Catalyst::Utils::inject_component(
3071 component => $component_class,
3072 (scalar(@roles) ? (traits => \@roles) : ()),
3073 as => $injected_comp_name);
3077 =head2 $app->inject_component($MyApp_Component_name => \%args);
3079 Add a component that is injected at setup:
3081 MyApp->inject_component( 'Model::Foo' => { from_component => 'Common::Foo' } );
3083 Must be called before ->setup. Expects a component name for your
3084 current application and \%args where
3088 =item from_component
3090 The target component being injected into your application
3094 An arrayref of L<Moose::Role>s that are applied to your component.
3100 MyApp->inject_component(
3102 from_component => 'Common::Model::Foo',
3103 roles => ['Role1', 'Role2'],
3106 =head2 $app->inject_components
3108 Inject a list of components:
3110 MyApp->inject_components(
3111 'Model::FooOne' => {
3112 from_component => 'Common::Model::Foo',
3113 roles => ['Role1', 'Role2'],
3115 'Model::FooTwo' => {
3116 from_component => 'Common::Model::Foo',
3117 roles => ['Role1', 'Role2'],
3122 sub inject_component {
3123 my ($app, $name, $args) = @_;
3124 die "Component $name exists" if
3125 $app->config->{inject_components}->{$name};
3126 $app->config->{inject_components}->{$name} = $args;
3129 sub inject_components {
3132 $app->inject_component(shift, shift);
3136 =head2 $c->locate_components( $setup_component_config )
3138 This method is meant to provide a list of component modules that should be
3139 setup for the application. By default, it will use L<Module::Pluggable>.
3141 Specify a C<setup_components> config option to pass additional options directly
3142 to L<Module::Pluggable>. To add additional search paths, specify a key named
3143 C<search_extra> as an array reference. Items in the array beginning with C<::>
3144 will have the application class name prepended to them.
3148 sub locate_components {
3152 my @paths = qw( ::M ::Model ::V ::View ::C ::Controller );
3153 my $extra = $config->{ search_extra } || [];
3155 unshift @paths, @$extra;
3157 my @comps = map { sort { length($a) <=> length($b) } Module::Pluggable::Object->new(
3158 search_path => [ map { s/^(?=::)/$class/; $_; } ($_) ],
3160 )->plugins } @paths;
3165 =head2 $c->expand_component_module( $component, $setup_component_config )
3167 Components found by C<locate_components> will be passed to this method, which
3168 is expected to return a list of component (package) names to be set up.
3172 sub expand_component_module {
3173 my ($class, $module) = @_;
3174 return Devel::InnerPackage::list_packages( $module );
3177 =head2 $app->delayed_setup_component
3179 Returns a coderef that points to a setup_component instance. Used
3180 internally for when you want to delay setup until the first time
3181 the component is called.
3185 sub delayed_setup_component {
3186 my($class, $component, @more) = @_;
3188 return my $instance = $class->setup_component($component, @more);
3192 =head2 $c->setup_component
3196 sub setup_component {
3197 my( $class, $component ) = @_;
3199 unless ( $component->can( 'COMPONENT' ) ) {
3203 my $config = $class->config_for($component);
3204 # Stash catalyst_component_name in the config here, so that custom COMPONENT
3205 # methods also pass it. local to avoid pointlessly shitting in config
3206 # for the debug screen, as $component is already the key name.
3207 local $config->{catalyst_component_name} = $component;
3209 my $instance = eval {
3210 $component->COMPONENT( $class, $config );
3214 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
3215 message => qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", "$error"/
3219 unless (blessed $instance) {
3220 my $metaclass = Moose::Util::find_meta($component);
3221 my $method_meta = $metaclass->find_method_by_name('COMPONENT');
3222 my $component_method_from = $method_meta->associated_metaclass->name;
3223 my $value = defined($instance) ? $instance : 'undef';
3224 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
3226 qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", COMPONENT() method (from $component_method_from) didn't return an object-like value (value was $value)./
3230 my @expanded_components = $instance->can('expand_modules')
3231 ? $instance->expand_modules( $component, $config )
3232 : $class->expand_component_module( $component, $config );
3233 for my $component (@expanded_components) {
3234 next if $class->components->{ $component };
3235 $class->components->{ $component } = $class->setup_component($component);
3241 =head2 $app->config_for( $component_name )
3243 Return the application level configuration (which is not yet merged with any
3244 local component configuration, via $component_class->config) for the named
3245 component or component object. Example:
3248 'Model::Foo' => { a => 1, b => 2},
3251 my $config = MyApp->config_for('MyApp::Model::Foo');
3253 In this case $config is the hashref C< {a=>1, b=>2} >.
3255 This is also handy for looking up configuration for a plugin, to make sure you follow
3256 existing L<Catalyst> standards for where a plugin should put its configuration.
3261 my ($class, $component_name) = @_;
3262 my $component_suffix = Catalyst::Utils::class2classsuffix($component_name);
3263 my $config = $class->config->{ $component_suffix } || {};
3268 =head2 $c->setup_dispatcher
3274 sub setup_dispatcher {
3275 my ( $class, $dispatcher ) = @_;
3278 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $dispatcher;
3281 if ( my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'DISPATCHER' ) ) {
3282 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $env;
3285 unless ($dispatcher) {
3286 $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher_class;
3289 load_class($dispatcher);
3291 # dispatcher instance
3292 $class->dispatcher( $dispatcher->new );
3295 =head2 $c->setup_engine
3302 my ($class, $requested_engine) = @_;
3304 if (!$class->engine_loader || $requested_engine) {
3305 $class->engine_loader(
3306 Catalyst::EngineLoader->new({
3307 application_name => $class,
3308 (defined $requested_engine
3309 ? (catalyst_engine_class => $requested_engine) : ()),
3314 $class->engine_loader->catalyst_engine_class;
3318 my ($class, $requested_engine) = @_;
3321 my $loader = $class->engine_loader;
3323 if (!$loader || $requested_engine) {
3324 $loader = Catalyst::EngineLoader->new({
3325 application_name => $class,
3326 (defined $requested_engine
3327 ? (requested_engine => $requested_engine) : ()),
3330 $class->engine_loader($loader);
3333 $loader->catalyst_engine_class;
3336 # Don't really setup_engine -- see _setup_psgi_app for explanation.
3337 return if $class->loading_psgi_file;
3339 load_class($engine);
3341 if ($ENV{MOD_PERL}) {
3342 my $apache = $class->engine_loader->auto;
3344 my $meta = find_meta($class);
3345 my $was_immutable = $meta->is_immutable;
3346 my %immutable_options = $meta->immutable_options;
3347 $meta->make_mutable if $was_immutable;
3349 $meta->add_method(handler => sub {
3351 my $psgi_app = $class->_finalized_psgi_app;
3352 $apache->call_app($r, $psgi_app);
3355 $meta->make_immutable(%immutable_options) if $was_immutable;
3358 $class->engine( $engine->new );
3363 ## This exists just to supply a prebuild psgi app for mod_perl and for the
3364 ## build in server support (back compat support for pre psgi port behavior).
3365 ## This is so that we don't build a new psgi app for each request when using
3366 ## the mod_perl handler or the built in servers (http and fcgi, etc).
3368 sub _finalized_psgi_app {
3371 unless ($app->_psgi_app) {
3372 my $psgi_app = $app->_setup_psgi_app;
3373 $app->_psgi_app($psgi_app);
3376 return $app->_psgi_app;
3379 ## Look for a psgi file like 'myapp_web.psgi' (if the app is MyApp::Web) in the
3380 ## home directory and load that and return it (just assume it is doing the
3381 ## right thing :) ). If that does not exist, call $app->psgi_app, wrap that
3382 ## in default_middleware and return it ( this is for backward compatibility
3383 ## with pre psgi port behavior ).
3385 sub _setup_psgi_app {
3388 for my $home (Path::Class::Dir->new($app->config->{home})) {
3389 my $psgi_file = $home->file(
3390 Catalyst::Utils::appprefix($app) . '.psgi',
3393 next unless -e $psgi_file;
3395 # If $psgi_file calls ->setup_engine, it's doing so to load
3396 # Catalyst::Engine::PSGI. But if it does that, we're only going to
3397 # throw away the loaded PSGI-app and load the 5.9 Catalyst::Engine
3398 # anyway. So set a flag (ick) that tells setup_engine not to populate
3399 # $c->engine or do any other things we might regret.
3401 $app->loading_psgi_file(1);
3402 my $psgi_app = Plack::Util::load_psgi($psgi_file);
3403 $app->loading_psgi_file(0);
3406 unless $app->engine_loader->needs_psgi_engine_compat_hack;
3409 Found a legacy Catalyst::Engine::PSGI .psgi file at ${psgi_file}.
3411 Its content has been ignored. Please consult the Catalyst::Upgrading
3412 documentation on how to upgrade from Catalyst::Engine::PSGI.
3416 return $app->apply_default_middlewares($app->psgi_app);
3419 =head2 $c->apply_default_middlewares
3421 Adds the following L<Plack> middlewares to your application, since they are
3422 useful and commonly needed:
3424 L<Plack::Middleware::LighttpdScriptNameFix> (if you are using Lighttpd),
3425 L<Plack::Middleware::IIS6ScriptNameFix> (always applied since this middleware
3426 is smart enough to conditionally apply itself).
3428 We will also automatically add L<Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy> if we notice
3429 that your HTTP $env variable C<REMOTE_ADDR> is '127.0.0.1'. This is usually
3430 an indication that your server is running behind a proxy frontend. However in
3431 2014 this is often not the case. We preserve this code for backwards compatibility
3432 however I B<highly> recommend that if you are running the server behind a front
3433 end proxy that you clearly indicate so with the C<using_frontend_proxy> configuration
3434 setting to true for your environment configurations that run behind a proxy. This
3435 way if you change your front end proxy address someday your code would inexplicably
3436 stop working as expected.
3438 Additionally if we detect we are using Nginx, we add a bit of custom middleware
3439 to solve some problems with the way that server handles $ENV{PATH_INFO} and
3442 Please B<NOTE> that if you do use C<using_frontend_proxy> the middleware is now
3443 adding via C<registered_middleware> rather than this method.
3445 If you are using Lighttpd or IIS6 you may wish to apply these middlewares. In
3446 general this is no longer a common case but we have this here for backward
3452 sub apply_default_middlewares {
3453 my ($app, $psgi_app) = @_;
3455 # Don't add this conditional IF we are explicitly saying we want the
3456 # frontend proxy support. We don't need it here since if that is the
3457 # case it will be always loaded in the default_middleware.
3459 unless($app->config->{using_frontend_proxy}) {
3460 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::Conditional->wrap(
3462 builder => sub { Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy->wrap($_[0]) },
3465 return if $app->config->{ignore_frontend_proxy};
3466 return $env->{REMOTE_ADDR} eq '127.0.0.1';
3471 # If we're running under Lighttpd, swap PATH_INFO and SCRIPT_NAME
3472 # http://lists.scsys.co.uk/pipermail/catalyst/2006-June/008361.html
3473 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::Conditional->wrap(
3475 builder => sub { Plack::Middleware::LighttpdScriptNameFix->wrap($_[0]) },
3478 return unless $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} && $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} =~ m!lighttpd[-/]1\.(\d+\.\d+)!;
3479 return unless $1 < 4.23;
3484 # we're applying this unconditionally as the middleware itself already makes
3485 # sure it doesn't fuck things up if it's not running under one of the right
3487 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::IIS6ScriptNameFix->wrap($psgi_app);
3489 # And another IIS issue, this time with IIS7.
3490 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::Conditional->wrap(
3492 builder => sub { Plack::Middleware::IIS7KeepAliveFix->wrap($_[0]) },
3495 return $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} && $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} =~ m!IIS/7\.[0-9]!;
3502 =head2 App->psgi_app
3506 Returns a PSGI application code reference for the catalyst application
3507 C<$c>. This is the bare application created without the C<apply_default_middlewares>
3508 method called. We do however apply C<registered_middleware> since those are
3509 integral to how L<Catalyst> functions. Also, unlike starting your application
3510 with a generated server script (via L<Catalyst::Devel> and C<catalyst.pl>) we do
3511 not attempt to return a valid L<PSGI> application using any existing C<${myapp}.psgi>
3512 scripts in your $HOME directory.
3514 B<NOTE> C<apply_default_middlewares> was originally created when the first PSGI
3515 port was done for v5.90000. These are middlewares that are added to achieve
3516 backward compatibility with older applications. If you start your application
3517 using one of the supplied server scripts (generated with L<Catalyst::Devel> and
3518 the project skeleton script C<catalyst.pl>) we apply C<apply_default_middlewares>
3519 automatically. This was done so that pre and post PSGI port applications would
3522 This is what you want to be using to retrieve the PSGI application code
3523 reference of your Catalyst application for use in a custom F<.psgi> or in your
3524 own created server modules.
3528 *to_app = \&psgi_app;
3532 my $psgi = $app->engine->build_psgi_app($app);
3533 return $app->Catalyst::Utils::apply_registered_middleware($psgi);
3536 =head2 $c->setup_home
3538 Sets up the home directory.
3543 my ( $class, $home ) = @_;
3545 if ( my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'HOME' ) ) {
3549 $home ||= Catalyst::Utils::home($class);
3552 #I remember recently being scolded for assigning config values like this
3553 $class->config->{home} ||= $home;
3554 $class->config->{root} ||= Path::Class::Dir->new($home)->subdir('root');
3558 =head2 $c->setup_encoding
3560 Sets up the input/output encoding. See L<ENCODING>
3564 sub setup_encoding {
3566 if( exists($c->config->{encoding}) && !defined($c->config->{encoding}) ) {
3567 # Ok, so the user has explicitly said "I don't want encoding..."
3570 my $enc = defined($c->config->{encoding}) ?
3571 delete $c->config->{encoding} : 'UTF-8'; # not sure why we delete it... (JNAP)
3576 =head2 handle_unicode_encoding_exception
3578 Hook to let you customize how encoding errors are handled. By default
3579 we just throw an exception and the default error page will pick it up.
3580 Receives a hashref of debug information. Example of call (from the
3581 Catalyst internals):
3583 my $decoded_after_fail = $c->handle_unicode_encoding_exception({
3584 param_value => $value,
3586 encoding_step => 'params',
3589 The calling code expects to receive a decoded string or an exception.
3591 You can override this for custom handling of unicode errors. By
3592 default we just die. If you want a custom response here, one approach
3593 is to throw an HTTP style exception, instead of returning a decoded
3594 string or throwing a generic exception.
3596 sub handle_unicode_encoding_exception {
3597 my ($c, $params) = @_;
3598 HTTP::Exception::BAD_REQUEST->throw(status_message=>$params->{error_msg});
3601 Alternatively you can 'catch' the error, stash it and write handling code later
3602 in your application:
3604 sub handle_unicode_encoding_exception {
3605 my ($c, $params) = @_;
3606 $c->stash(BAD_UNICODE_DATA=>$params);
3607 # return a dummy string.
3611 <B>NOTE:</b> Please keep in mind that once an error like this occurs,
3612 the request setup is still ongoing, which means the state of C<$c> and
3613 related context parts like the request and response may not be setup
3614 up correctly (since we haven't finished the setup yet). If you throw
3615 an exception the setup is aborted.
3619 sub handle_unicode_encoding_exception {
3620 my ( $self, $exception_ctx ) = @_;
3621 die $exception_ctx->{error_msg};
3624 # Some unicode helpers cargo culted from the old plugin. These could likely
3627 sub _handle_unicode_decoding {
3628 my ( $self, $value ) = @_;
3630 return unless defined $value;
3632 ## I think this mess is to support the old nested
3633 if ( is_plain_arrayref($value) ) {
3634 foreach ( @$value ) {
3635 $_ = $self->_handle_unicode_decoding($_);
3639 elsif ( is_plain_hashref($value) ) {
3640 foreach (keys %$value) {
3641 my $encoded_key = $self->_handle_param_unicode_decoding($_);
3642 $value->{$encoded_key} = $self->_handle_unicode_decoding($value->{$_});
3644 # If the key was encoded we now have two (the original and current so
3645 # delete the original.
3646 delete $value->{$_} if $_ ne $encoded_key;
3651 return $self->_handle_param_unicode_decoding($value);
3655 sub _handle_param_unicode_decoding {
3656 my ( $self, $value, $check ) = @_;
3657 return unless defined $value; # not in love with just ignoring undefs - jnap
3658 return $value if blessed($value); #don't decode when the value is an object.
3660 my $enc = $self->encoding;
3662 return $value unless $enc; # don't decode if no encoding is specified
3664 $check ||= $self->_encode_check;
3666 $enc->decode( $value, $check);
3669 return $self->handle_unicode_encoding_exception({
3670 param_value => $value,
3672 encoding_step => 'params',
3677 =head2 $c->setup_log
3679 Sets up log by instantiating a L<Catalyst::Log|Catalyst::Log> object and
3680 passing it to C<log()>. Pass in a comma-delimited list of levels to set the
3683 This method also installs a C<debug> method that returns a true value into the
3684 catalyst subclass if the "debug" level is passed in the comma-delimited list,
3685 or if the C<$CATALYST_DEBUG> environment variable is set to a true value.
3687 Note that if the log has already been setup, by either a previous call to
3688 C<setup_log> or by a call such as C<< __PACKAGE__->log( MyLogger->new ) >>,
3689 that this method won't actually set up the log object.
3694 my ( $class, $levels ) = @_;
3697 $levels =~ s/^\s+//;
3698 $levels =~ s/\s+$//;
3699 my %levels = map { $_ => 1 } split /\s*,\s*/, $levels;
3701 my $env_debug = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'DEBUG' );
3702 if ( defined $env_debug ) {
3703 $levels{debug} = 1 if $env_debug; # Ugly!
3704 delete($levels{debug}) unless $env_debug;
3707 unless ( $class->log ) {
3708 $class->log( Catalyst::Log->new(keys %levels) );
3711 if ( $levels{debug} ) {
3712 Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class)->add_method('debug' => sub { 1 });
3713 $class->log->debug('Debug messages enabled');
3717 =head2 $c->setup_plugins
3723 =head2 $c->setup_stats
3725 Sets up timing statistics class.
3730 my ( $class, $stats ) = @_;
3732 Catalyst::Utils::ensure_class_loaded($class->stats_class);
3734 my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'STATS' );
3735 if ( defined($env) ? $env : ($stats || $class->debug ) ) {
3736 Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class)->add_method('use_stats' => sub { 1 });
3737 $class->log->debug('Statistics enabled');
3742 =head2 $c->registered_plugins
3744 Returns a sorted list of the plugins which have either been stated in the
3747 If passed a given plugin name, it will report a boolean value indicating
3748 whether or not that plugin is loaded. A fully qualified name is required if
3749 the plugin name does not begin with C<Catalyst::Plugin::>.
3751 if ($c->registered_plugins('Some::Plugin')) {
3759 sub registered_plugins {
3761 return sort keys %{ $proto->_plugins } unless @_;
3763 return 1 if exists $proto->_plugins->{$plugin};
3764 return exists $proto->_plugins->{"Catalyst::Plugin::$plugin"};
3767 sub _register_plugin {
3768 my ( $proto, $plugin, $instant ) = @_;
3769 my $class = ref $proto || $proto;
3771 load_class( $plugin );
3772 $class->log->warn( "$plugin inherits from 'Catalyst::Component' - this is deprecated and will not work in 5.81" )
3773 if $plugin->isa( 'Catalyst::Component' );
3774 my $plugin_meta = Moose::Meta::Class->create($plugin);
3775 if (!$plugin_meta->has_method('new')
3776 && ( $plugin->isa('Class::Accessor::Fast') || $plugin->isa('Class::Accessor') ) ) {
3777 $plugin_meta->add_method('new', Moose::Object->meta->get_method('new'))
3779 if (!$instant && !$proto->_plugins->{$plugin}) {
3780 my $meta = Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class);
3781 $meta->superclasses($plugin, $meta->superclasses);
3783 $proto->_plugins->{$plugin} = 1;
3787 sub _default_plugins { return qw() }
3790 my ( $class, $plugins ) = @_;
3792 $class->_plugins( {} ) unless $class->_plugins;
3794 m/Unicode::Encoding/ ? do {
3796 'Unicode::Encoding plugin is auto-applied,'
3797 . ' please remove this from your appclass'
3798 . ' and make sure to define "encoding" config'
3800 unless (exists $class->config->{'encoding'}) {
3801 $class->config->{'encoding'} = 'UTF-8';
3806 push @$plugins, $class->_default_plugins;
3807 $plugins = Data::OptList::mkopt($plugins || []);
3810 [ Catalyst::Utils::resolve_namespace(
3811 $class . '::Plugin',
3812 'Catalyst::Plugin', $_->[0]
3818 for my $plugin ( reverse @plugins ) {
3819 load_class($plugin->[0], $plugin->[1]);
3820 my $meta = find_meta($plugin->[0]);
3821 next if $meta && $meta->isa('Moose::Meta::Role');
3823 $class->_register_plugin($plugin->[0]);
3827 map { $_->[0]->name, $_->[1] }
3828 grep { blessed($_->[0]) && $_->[0]->isa('Moose::Meta::Role') }
3829 map { [find_meta($_->[0]), $_->[1]] }
3832 Moose::Util::apply_all_roles(
3838 =head2 default_middleware
3840 Returns a list of instantiated PSGI middleware objects which is the default
3841 middleware that is active for this application (taking any configuration
3842 options into account, excluding your custom added middleware via the C<psgi_middleware>
3843 configuration option). You can override this method if you wish to change
3844 the default middleware (although do so at risk since some middleware is vital
3845 to application function.)
3847 The current default middleware list is:
3849 Catalyst::Middleware::Stash
3850 Plack::Middleware::HTTPExceptions
3851 Plack::Middleware::RemoveRedundantBody
3852 Plack::Middleware::FixMissingBodyInRedirect
3853 Plack::Middleware::ContentLength
3854 Plack::Middleware::MethodOverride
3855 Plack::Middleware::Head
3857 If the configuration setting C<using_frontend_proxy> is true we add:
3859 Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy
3861 If the configuration setting C<using_frontend_proxy_path> is true we add:
3863 Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxyPath
3865 But B<NOTE> that L<Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxyPath> is not a dependency of the
3866 L<Catalyst> distribution so if you want to use this option you should add it to
3867 your project distribution file.
3869 These middlewares will be added at L</setup_middleware> during the
3870 L</setup> phase of application startup.
3874 sub default_middleware {
3877 Catalyst::Middleware::Stash->new,
3878 Plack::Middleware::HTTPExceptions->new,
3879 Plack::Middleware::RemoveRedundantBody->new,
3880 Plack::Middleware::FixMissingBodyInRedirect->new,
3881 Plack::Middleware::ContentLength->new,
3882 Plack::Middleware::MethodOverride->new,
3883 Plack::Middleware::Head->new);
3885 if($class->config->{using_frontend_proxy}) {
3886 push @mw, Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy->new;
3889 if($class->config->{using_frontend_proxy_path}) {
3890 if(Class::Load::try_load_class('Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxyPath')) {
3891 push @mw, Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxyPath->new;
3893 $class->log->error("Cannot use configuration 'using_frontend_proxy_path' because 'Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxyPath' is not installed");
3900 =head2 registered_middlewares
3902 Read only accessor that returns an array of all the middleware in the order
3903 that they were added (which is the REVERSE of the order they will be applied).
3905 The values returned will be either instances of L<Plack::Middleware> or of a
3906 compatible interface, or a coderef, which is assumed to be inlined middleware
3908 =head2 setup_middleware (?@middleware)
3910 Read configuration information stored in configuration key C<psgi_middleware> or
3913 See under L</CONFIGURATION> information regarding C<psgi_middleware> and how
3914 to use it to enable L<Plack::Middleware>
3916 This method is automatically called during 'setup' of your application, so
3917 you really don't need to invoke it. However you may do so if you find the idea
3918 of loading middleware via configuration weird :). For example:
3924 __PACKAGE__->setup_middleware('Head');
3927 When we read middleware definitions from configuration, we reverse the list
3928 which sounds odd but is likely how you expect it to work if you have prior
3929 experience with L<Plack::Builder> or if you previously used the plugin
3930 L<Catalyst::Plugin::EnableMiddleware> (which is now considered deprecated)
3932 So basically your middleware handles an incoming request from the first
3933 registered middleware, down and handles the response from the last middleware
3938 sub registered_middlewares {
3940 if(my $middleware = $class->_psgi_middleware) {
3941 my @mw = ($class->default_middleware, @$middleware);
3943 if($class->config->{using_frontend_proxy}) {
3944 push @mw, Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy->new;
3949 die "You cannot call ->registered_middlewares until middleware has been setup";
3953 sub setup_middleware {
3955 my @middleware_definitions;
3957 # If someone calls this method you can add middleware with args. However if its
3958 # called without an arg we need to setup the configuration middleware.
3960 @middleware_definitions = reverse(@_);
3962 @middleware_definitions = reverse(@{$class->config->{'psgi_middleware'}||[]})
3963 unless $class->finalized_default_middleware;
3964 $class->finalized_default_middleware(1); # Only do this once, just in case some people call setup over and over...
3967 my @middleware = ();
3968 while(my $next = shift(@middleware_definitions)) {
3970 if(Scalar::Util::blessed $next && $next->can('wrap')) {
3971 push @middleware, $next;
3972 } elsif(is_plain_coderef($next)) {
3973 push @middleware, $next;
3974 } elsif(is_plain_hashref($next)) {
3975 my $namespace = shift @middleware_definitions;
3976 my $mw = $class->Catalyst::Utils::build_middleware($namespace, %$next);
3977 push @middleware, $mw;
3979 die "I can't handle middleware definition ${\ref $next}";
3982 my $mw = $class->Catalyst::Utils::build_middleware($next);
3983 push @middleware, $mw;
3987 my @existing = @{$class->_psgi_middleware || []};
3988 $class->_psgi_middleware([@middleware,@existing,]);
3991 =head2 registered_data_handlers
3993 A read only copy of registered Data Handlers returned as a Hash, where each key
3994 is a content type and each value is a subref that attempts to decode that content
3997 =head2 setup_data_handlers (?@data_handler)
3999 Read configuration information stored in configuration key C<data_handlers> or
4002 See under L</CONFIGURATION> information regarding C<data_handlers>.
4004 This method is automatically called during 'setup' of your application, so
4005 you really don't need to invoke it.
4007 =head2 default_data_handlers
4009 Default Data Handlers that come bundled with L<Catalyst>. Currently there are
4010 only two default data handlers, for 'application/json' and an alternative to
4011 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' which supposed nested form parameters via
4012 L<CGI::Struct> or via L<CGI::Struct::XS> IF you've installed it.
4014 The 'application/json' data handler is used to parse incoming JSON into a Perl
4015 data structure. It used either L<JSON::MaybeXS> or L<JSON>, depending on which
4016 is installed. This allows you to fail back to L<JSON:PP>, which is a Pure Perl
4017 JSON decoder, and has the smallest dependency impact.
4019 Because we don't wish to add more dependencies to L<Catalyst>, if you wish to
4020 use this new feature we recommend installing L<JSON> or L<JSON::MaybeXS> in
4021 order to get the best performance. You should add either to your dependency
4022 list (Makefile.PL, dist.ini, cpanfile, etc.)
4026 sub registered_data_handlers {
4028 if(my $data_handlers = $class->_data_handlers) {
4029 return %$data_handlers;
4031 $class->setup_data_handlers;
4032 return $class->registered_data_handlers;
4036 sub setup_data_handlers {
4037 my ($class, %data_handler_callbacks) = @_;
4038 %data_handler_callbacks = (
4039 %{$class->default_data_handlers},
4040 %{$class->config->{'data_handlers'}||+{}},
4041 %data_handler_callbacks);
4043 $class->_data_handlers(\%data_handler_callbacks);
4046 sub default_data_handlers {
4049 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' => sub {
4050 my ($fh, $req) = @_;
4051 my $params = $req->_use_hash_multivalue ? $req->body_parameters->mixed : $req->body_parameters;
4052 Class::Load::load_first_existing_class('CGI::Struct::XS', 'CGI::Struct')
4053 ->can('build_cgi_struct')->($params);
4055 'application/json' => sub {
4056 my ($fh, $req) = @_;
4057 my $parser = Class::Load::load_first_existing_class('JSON::MaybeXS', 'JSON');
4061 $slurped = $fh->getline;
4062 $parser->can("decode_json")->($slurped); # decode_json does utf8 decoding for us
4063 } || Catalyst::Exception->throw(sprintf "Error Parsing POST '%s', Error: %s", (defined($slurped) ? $slurped : 'undef') ,$@);
4068 sub _handle_http_exception {
4069 my ( $self, $error ) = @_;
4071 !$self->config->{always_catch_http_exceptions}
4074 $error->can('as_psgi')
4075 || ( $error->can('code')
4076 && $error->code =~ m/^[1-5][0-9][0-9]$/ )
4086 Returns an arrayref of the internal execution stack (actions that are
4087 currently executing).
4091 Returns the current timing statistics object. By default Catalyst uses
4092 L<Catalyst::Stats|Catalyst::Stats>, but can be set otherwise with
4093 L<< stats_class|/"$c->stats_class" >>.
4095 Even if L<< -Stats|/"-Stats" >> is not enabled, the stats object is still
4096 available. By enabling it with C< $c->stats->enabled(1) >, it can be used to
4097 profile explicitly, although MyApp.pm still won't profile nor output anything
4100 =head2 $c->stats_class
4102 Returns or sets the stats (timing statistics) class. L<Catalyst::Stats|Catalyst::Stats> is used by default.
4104 =head2 $app->stats_class_traits
4106 A arrayref of L<Moose::Role>s that are applied to the stats_class before creating it.
4108 =head2 $app->composed_stats_class
4110 this is the stats_class composed with any 'stats_class_traits'. You can
4111 name the full namespace of the role, or a namespace suffix, which will then
4112 be tried against the following standard namespace prefixes.
4114 $MyApp::TraitFor::Stats::$trait_suffix
4115 Catalyst::TraitFor::Stats::$trait_suffix
4117 So for example if you set:
4119 MyApp->stats_class_traits(['Foo']);
4121 We try each possible role in turn (and throw an error if none load)
4124 MyApp::TraitFor::Stats::Foo
4125 Catalyst::TraitFor::Stats::Foo
4127 The namespace part 'TraitFor::Stats' was chosen to assist in backwards
4128 compatibility with L<CatalystX::RoleApplicator> which previously provided
4129 these features in a stand alone package.
4131 =head2 $c->use_stats
4133 Returns 1 when L<< stats collection|/"-Stats" >> is enabled.
4135 Note that this is a static method, not an accessor and should be overridden
4136 by declaring C<sub use_stats { 1 }> in your MyApp.pm, not by calling C<< $c->use_stats(1) >>.
4143 =head2 $c->write( $data )
4145 Writes $data to the output stream. When using this method directly, you
4146 will need to manually set the C<Content-Length> header to the length of
4147 your output data, if known.
4154 # Finalize headers if someone manually writes output (for compat)
4155 $c->finalize_headers;
4157 return $c->response->write( @_ );
4162 Returns the Catalyst version number. Mostly useful for "powered by"
4163 messages in template systems.
4167 sub version { return $Catalyst::VERSION }
4169 =head1 CONFIGURATION
4171 There are a number of 'base' config variables which can be set:
4177 C<always_catch_http_exceptions> - As of version 5.90060 Catalyst
4178 rethrows errors conforming to the interface described by
4179 L<Plack::Middleware::HTTPExceptions> and lets the middleware deal with it.
4180 Set true to get the deprecated behaviour and have Catalyst catch HTTP exceptions.
4184 C<default_model> - The default model picked if you say C<< $c->model >>. See L<< /$c->model($name) >>.
4188 C<default_view> - The default view to be rendered or returned when C<< $c->view >> is called. See L<< /$c->view($name) >>.
4192 C<disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback> - Turns
4193 off the deprecated component resolution functionality so
4194 that if any of the component methods (e.g. C<< $c->controller('Foo') >>)
4195 are called then regex search will not be attempted on string values and
4196 instead C<undef> will be returned.
4200 C<home> - The application home directory. In an uninstalled application,
4201 this is the top level application directory. In an installed application,
4202 this will be the directory containing C<< MyApp.pm >>.
4206 C<ignore_frontend_proxy> - See L</PROXY SUPPORT>
4210 C<name> - The name of the application in debug messages and the debug and
4215 C<parse_on_demand> - The request body (for example file uploads) will not be parsed
4216 until it is accessed. This allows you to (for example) check authentication (and reject
4217 the upload) before actually receiving all the data. See L</ON-DEMAND PARSER>
4221 C<root> - The root directory for templates. Usually this is just a
4222 subdirectory of the home directory, but you can set it to change the
4223 templates to a different directory.
4227 C<search_extra> - Array reference passed to Module::Pluggable to for additional
4228 namespaces from which components will be loaded (and constructed and stored in
4229 C<< $c->components >>).
4233 C<show_internal_actions> - If true, causes internal actions such as C<< _DISPATCH >>
4234 to be shown in hit debug tables in the test server.
4238 C<use_request_uri_for_path> - Controls if the C<REQUEST_URI> or C<PATH_INFO> environment
4239 variable should be used for determining the request path.
4241 Most web server environments pass the requested path to the application using environment variables,
4242 from which Catalyst has to reconstruct the request base (i.e. the top level path to / in the application,
4243 exposed as C<< $c->request->base >>) and the request path below that base.
4245 There are two methods of doing this, both of which have advantages and disadvantages. Which method is used
4246 is determined by the C<< $c->config(use_request_uri_for_path) >> setting (which can either be true or false).
4250 =item use_request_uri_for_path => 0
4252 This is the default (and the) traditional method that Catalyst has used for determining the path information.
4253 The path is generated from a combination of the C<PATH_INFO> and C<SCRIPT_NAME> environment variables.
4254 The allows the application to behave correctly when C<mod_rewrite> is being used to redirect requests
4255 into the application, as these variables are adjusted by mod_rewrite to take account for the redirect.
4257 However this method has the major disadvantage that it is impossible to correctly decode some elements
4258 of the path, as RFC 3875 says: "C<< Unlike a URI path, the PATH_INFO is not URL-encoded, and cannot
4259 contain path-segment parameters. >>" This means PATH_INFO is B<always> decoded, and therefore Catalyst
4260 can't distinguish / vs %2F in paths (in addition to other encoded values).
4262 =item use_request_uri_for_path => 1
4264 This method uses the C<REQUEST_URI> and C<SCRIPT_NAME> environment variables. As C<REQUEST_URI> is never
4265 decoded, this means that applications using this mode can correctly handle URIs including the %2F character
4266 (i.e. with C<AllowEncodedSlashes> set to C<On> in Apache).
4268 Given that this method of path resolution is provably more correct, it is recommended that you use
4269 this unless you have a specific need to deploy your application in a non-standard environment, and you are
4270 aware of the implications of not being able to handle encoded URI paths correctly.
4272 However it also means that in a number of cases when the app isn't installed directly at a path, but instead
4273 is having paths rewritten into it (e.g. as a .cgi/fcgi in a public_html directory, with mod_rewrite in a
4274 .htaccess file, or when SSI is used to rewrite pages into the app, or when sub-paths of the app are exposed
4275 at other URIs than that which the app is 'normally' based at with C<mod_rewrite>), the resolution of
4276 C<< $c->request->base >> will be incorrect.
4282 C<using_frontend_proxy> - See L</PROXY SUPPORT>.
4286 C<using_frontend_proxy_path> - Enabled L<Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxyPath> on your application (if
4287 installed, otherwise log an error). This is useful if your application is not running on the
4288 'root' (or /) of your host server. B<NOTE> if you use this feature you should add the required
4289 middleware to your project dependency list since its not automatically a dependency of L<Catalyst>.
4290 This has been done since not all people need this feature and we wish to restrict the growth of
4291 L<Catalyst> dependencies.
4295 C<encoding> - See L</ENCODING>
4297 This now defaults to 'UTF-8'. You my turn it off by setting this configuration
4302 C<abort_chain_on_error_fix>
4304 When there is an error in an action chain, the default behavior is to continue
4305 processing the remaining actions and then catch the error upon chain end. This
4306 can lead to running actions when the application is in an unexpected state. If
4307 you have this issue, setting this config value to true will promptly exit a
4308 chain when there is an error raised in any action (thus terminating the chain
4313 __PACKAGE__->config(abort_chain_on_error_fix => 1);
4315 In the future this might become the default behavior.
4319 C<use_hash_multivalue_in_request>
4321 In L<Catalyst::Request> the methods C<query_parameters>, C<body_parametes>
4322 and C<parameters> return a hashref where values might be scalar or an arrayref
4323 depending on the incoming data. In many cases this can be undesirable as it
4324 leads one to writing defensive code like the following:
4326 my ($val) = ref($c->req->parameters->{a}) ?
4327 @{$c->req->parameters->{a}} :
4328 $c->req->parameters->{a};
4330 Setting this configuration item to true will make L<Catalyst> populate the
4331 attributes underlying these methods with an instance of L<Hash::MultiValue>
4332 which is used by L<Plack::Request> and others to solve this very issue. You
4333 may prefer this behavior to the default, if so enable this option (be warned
4334 if you enable it in a legacy application we are not sure if it is completely
4335 backwardly compatible).
4339 C<skip_complex_post_part_handling>
4341 When creating body parameters from a POST, if we run into a multipart POST
4342 that does not contain uploads, but instead contains inlined complex data
4343 (very uncommon) we cannot reliably convert that into field => value pairs. So
4344 instead we create an instance of L<Catalyst::Request::PartData>. If this causes
4345 issue for you, you can disable this by setting C<skip_complex_post_part_handling>
4346 to true (default is false).
4350 C<skip_body_param_unicode_decoding>
4352 Generally we decode incoming POST params based on your declared encoding (the
4353 default for this is to decode UTF-8). If this is causing you trouble and you
4354 do not wish to turn all encoding support off (with the C<encoding> configuration
4355 parameter) you may disable this step atomically by setting this configuration
4360 C<do_not_decode_query>
4362 If true, then do not try to character decode any wide characters in your
4363 request URL query or keywords. Most readings of the relevant specifications
4364 suggest these should be UTF-* encoded, which is the default that L<Catalyst>
4365 will use, however if you are creating a lot of URLs manually or have external
4366 evil clients, this might cause you trouble. If you find the changes introduced
4367 in Catalyst version 5.90080+ break some of your query code, you may disable
4368 the UTF-8 decoding globally using this configuration.
4370 This setting takes precedence over C<default_query_encoding>
4374 C<do_not_check_query_encoding>
4376 Catalyst versions 5.90080 - 5.90106 would decode query parts of an incoming
4377 request but would not raise an exception when the decoding failed due to
4378 incorrect unicode. It now does, but if this change is giving you trouble
4379 you may disable it by setting this configuration to true.
4383 C<default_query_encoding>
4385 By default we decode query and keywords in your request URL using UTF-8, which
4386 is our reading of the relevant specifications. This setting allows one to
4387 specify a fixed value for how to decode your query. You might need this if
4388 you are doing a lot of custom encoding of your URLs and not using UTF-8.
4392 C<use_chained_args_0_special_case>
4394 In older versions of Catalyst, when more than one action matched the same path
4395 AND all those matching actions declared Args(0), we'd break the tie by choosing
4396 the first action defined. We now normalized how Args(0) works so that it
4397 follows the same rule as Args(N), which is to say when we need to break a tie
4398 we choose the LAST action defined. If this breaks your code and you don't
4399 have time to update to follow the new normalized approach, you may set this
4400 value to true and it will globally revert to the original chaining behavior.
4404 C<psgi_middleware> - See L<PSGI MIDDLEWARE>.
4408 C<data_handlers> - See L<DATA HANDLERS>.
4412 C<stats_class_traits>
4414 An arrayref of L<Moose::Role>s that get composed into your stats class.
4418 C<request_class_traits>
4420 An arrayref of L<Moose::Role>s that get composed into your request class.
4424 C<response_class_traits>
4426 An arrayref of L<Moose::Role>s that get composed into your response class.
4430 C<inject_components>
4432 A Hashref of L<Catalyst::Component> subclasses that are 'injected' into configuration.
4436 inject_components => {
4437 'Controller::Err' => { from_component => 'Local::Controller::Errors' },
4438 'Model::Zoo' => { from_component => 'Local::Model::Foo' },
4439 'Model::Foo' => { from_component => 'Local::Model::Foo', roles => ['TestRole'] },
4441 'Controller::Err' => { a => 100, b=>200, namespace=>'error' },
4442 'Model::Zoo' => { a => 2 },
4443 'Model::Foo' => { a => 100 },
4446 Generally L<Catalyst> looks for components in your Model/View or Controller directories.
4447 However for cases when you which to use an existing component and you don't need any
4448 customization (where for when you can apply a role to customize it) you may inject those
4449 components into your application. Please note any configuration should be done 'in the
4450 normal way', with a key under configuration named after the component affix, as in the
4453 Using this type of injection allows you to construct significant amounts of your application
4454 with only configuration!. This may or may not lead to increased code understanding.
4456 Please not you may also call the ->inject_components application method as well, although
4457 you must do so BEFORE setup.
4463 Generally when you throw an exception inside an Action (or somewhere in
4464 your stack, such as in a model that an Action is calling) that exception
4465 is caught by Catalyst and unless you either catch it yourself (via eval
4466 or something like L<Try::Tiny> or by reviewing the L</error> stack, it
4467 will eventually reach L</finalize_errors> and return either the debugging
4468 error stack page, or the default error page. However, if your exception
4469 can be caught by L<Plack::Middleware::HTTPExceptions>, L<Catalyst> will
4470 instead rethrow it so that it can be handled by that middleware (which
4471 is part of the default middleware). For example this would allow
4473 use HTTP::Throwable::Factory 'http_throw';
4475 sub throws_exception :Local {
4476 my ($self, $c) = @_;
4478 http_throw(SeeOther => { location =>
4479 $c->uri_for($self->action_for('redirect')) });
4483 =head1 INTERNAL ACTIONS
4485 Catalyst uses internal actions like C<_DISPATCH>, C<_BEGIN>, C<_AUTO>,
4486 C<_ACTION>, and C<_END>. These are by default not shown in the private
4487 action table, but you can make them visible with a config parameter.
4489 MyApp->config(show_internal_actions => 1);
4491 =head1 ON-DEMAND PARSER
4493 The request body is usually parsed at the beginning of a request,
4494 but if you want to handle input yourself, you can enable on-demand
4495 parsing with a config parameter.
4497 MyApp->config(parse_on_demand => 1);
4499 =head1 PROXY SUPPORT
4501 Many production servers operate using the common double-server approach,
4502 with a lightweight frontend web server passing requests to a larger
4503 backend server. An application running on the backend server must deal
4504 with two problems: the remote user always appears to be C<127.0.0.1> and
4505 the server's hostname will appear to be C<localhost> regardless of the
4506 virtual host that the user connected through.
4508 Catalyst will automatically detect this situation when you are running
4509 the frontend and backend servers on the same machine. The following
4510 changes are made to the request.
4512 $c->req->address is set to the user's real IP address, as read from
4513 the HTTP X-Forwarded-For header.
4515 The host value for $c->req->base and $c->req->uri is set to the real
4516 host, as read from the HTTP X-Forwarded-Host header.
4518 Additionally, you may be running your backend application on an insecure
4519 connection (port 80) while your frontend proxy is running under SSL. If there
4520 is a discrepancy in the ports, use the HTTP header C<X-Forwarded-Port> to
4521 tell Catalyst what port the frontend listens on. This will allow all URIs to
4522 be created properly.
4524 In the case of passing in:
4526 X-Forwarded-Port: 443
4528 All calls to C<uri_for> will result in an https link, as is expected.
4530 Obviously, your web server must support these headers for this to work.
4532 In a more complex server farm environment where you may have your
4533 frontend proxy server(s) on different machines, you will need to set a
4534 configuration option to tell Catalyst to read the proxied data from the
4537 MyApp->config(using_frontend_proxy => 1);
4539 If you do not wish to use the proxy support at all, you may set:
4541 MyApp->config(ignore_frontend_proxy => 0);
4543 =head2 Note about psgi files
4545 Note that if you supply your own .psgi file, calling
4546 C<< MyApp->psgi_app(@_); >>, then B<this will not happen automatically>.
4548 You either need to apply L<Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy> yourself
4549 in your psgi, for example:
4552 enable "Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy";
4556 This will unconditionally add the ReverseProxy support, or you need to call
4557 C<< $app = MyApp->apply_default_middlewares($app) >> (to conditionally
4558 apply the support depending upon your config).
4560 See L<Catalyst::PSGI> for more information.
4562 =head1 THREAD SAFETY
4564 Catalyst has been tested under Apache 2's threading C<mpm_worker>,
4565 C<mpm_winnt>, and the standalone forking HTTP server on Windows. We
4566 believe the Catalyst core to be thread-safe.
4568 If you plan to operate in a threaded environment, remember that all other
4569 modules you are using must also be thread-safe. Some modules, most notably
4570 L<DBD::SQLite>, are not thread-safe.
4572 =head1 DATA HANDLERS
4574 The L<Catalyst::Request> object uses L<HTTP::Body> to populate 'classic' HTML
4575 form parameters and URL search query fields. However it has become common
4576 for various alternative content types to be PUT or POSTed to your controllers
4577 and actions. People working on RESTful APIs, or using AJAX often use JSON,
4578 XML and other content types when communicating with an application server. In
4579 order to better support this use case, L<Catalyst> defines a global configuration
4580 option, C<data_handlers>, which lets you associate a content type with a coderef
4581 that parses that content type into something Perl can readily access.
4588 __PACKAGE__->config(
4590 'application/json' => sub { local $/; decode_json $_->getline },
4592 ## Any other configuration.
4597 By default L<Catalyst> comes with a generic JSON data handler similar to the
4598 example given above, which uses L<JSON::Maybe> to provide either L<JSON::PP>
4599 (a pure Perl, dependency free JSON parser) or L<Cpanel::JSON::XS> if you have
4600 it installed (if you want the faster XS parser, add it to you project Makefile.PL
4601 or dist.ini, cpanfile, etc.)
4603 The C<data_handlers> configuration is a hashref whose keys are HTTP Content-Types
4604 (matched against the incoming request type using a regexp such as to be case
4605 insensitive) and whose values are coderefs that receive a localized version of
4606 C<$_> which is a filehandle object pointing to received body.
4608 This feature is considered an early access release and we reserve the right
4609 to alter the interface in order to provide a performant and secure solution to
4610 alternative request body content. Your reports welcomed!
4612 =head1 PSGI MIDDLEWARE
4614 You can define middleware, defined as L<Plack::Middleware> or a compatible
4615 interface in configuration. Your middleware definitions are in the form of an
4616 arrayref under the configuration key C<psgi_middleware>. Here's an example
4617 with details to follow:
4622 use Plack::Middleware::StackTrace;
4624 my $stacktrace_middleware = Plack::Middleware::StackTrace->new;
4626 __PACKAGE__->config(
4627 'psgi_middleware', [
4630 $stacktrace_middleware,
4631 'Session' => {store => 'File'},
4636 $env->{myapp.customkey} = 'helloworld';
4645 So the general form is:
4647 __PACKAGE__->config(psgi_middleware => \@middleware_definitions);
4649 Where C<@middleware> is one or more of the following, applied in the REVERSE of
4650 the order listed (to make it function similarly to L<Plack::Builder>:
4652 Alternatively, you may also define middleware by calling the L</setup_middleware>
4659 __PACKAGE__->setup_middleware( \@middleware_definitions);
4662 In the case where you do both (use 'setup_middleware' and configuration) the
4663 package call to setup_middleware will be applied earlier (in other words its
4664 middleware will wrap closer to the application). Keep this in mind since in
4665 some cases the order of middleware is important.
4667 The two approaches are not exclusive.
4671 =item Middleware Object
4673 An already initialized object that conforms to the L<Plack::Middleware>
4676 my $stacktrace_middleware = Plack::Middleware::StackTrace->new;
4678 __PACKAGE__->config(
4679 'psgi_middleware', [
4680 $stacktrace_middleware,
4686 A coderef that is an inlined middleware:
4688 __PACKAGE__->config(
4689 'psgi_middleware', [
4694 if($env->{PATH_INFO} =~m/forced/) {
4696 ->new(file=>TestApp->path_to(qw/share static forced.txt/))
4699 return $app->($env);
4709 We assume the scalar refers to a namespace after normalizing it using the
4712 (1) If the scalar is prefixed with a "+" (as in C<+MyApp::Foo>) then the full string
4713 is assumed to be 'as is', and we just install and use the middleware.
4715 (2) If the scalar begins with "Plack::Middleware" or your application namespace
4716 (the package name of your Catalyst application subclass), we also assume then
4717 that it is a full namespace, and use it.
4719 (3) Lastly, we then assume that the scalar is a partial namespace, and attempt to
4720 resolve it first by looking for it under your application namespace (for example
4721 if you application is "MyApp::Web" and the scalar is "MyMiddleware", we'd look
4722 under "MyApp::Web::Middleware::MyMiddleware") and if we don't find it there, we
4723 will then look under the regular L<Plack::Middleware> namespace (i.e. for the
4724 previous we'd try "Plack::Middleware::MyMiddleware"). We look under your application
4725 namespace first to let you 'override' common L<Plack::Middleware> locally, should
4726 you find that a good idea.
4732 __PACKAGE__->config(
4733 'psgi_middleware', [
4734 'Debug', ## MyAppWeb::Middleware::Debug->wrap or Plack::Middleware::Debug->wrap
4735 'Plack::Middleware::Stacktrace', ## Plack::Middleware::Stacktrace->wrap
4736 '+MyApp::Custom', ## MyApp::Custom->wrap
4740 =item a scalar followed by a hashref
4742 Just like the previous, except the following C<HashRef> is used as arguments
4743 to initialize the middleware object.
4745 __PACKAGE__->config(
4746 'psgi_middleware', [
4747 'Session' => {store => 'File'},
4752 Please see L<PSGI> for more on middleware.
4756 Starting in L<Catalyst> version 5.90080 encoding is automatically enabled
4757 and set to encode all body responses to UTF8 when possible and applicable.
4758 Following is documentation on this process. If you are using an older
4759 version of L<Catalyst> you should review documentation for that version since
4762 By default encoding is now 'UTF-8'. You may turn it off by setting
4763 the encoding configuration to undef.
4765 MyApp->config(encoding => undef);
4767 This is recommended for temporary backwards compatibility only.
4769 Encoding is automatically applied when the content-type is set to
4770 a type that can be encoded. Currently we encode when the content type
4771 matches the following regular expression:
4773 $content_type =~ /^text|xml$|javascript$/
4775 Encoding is set on the application, but it is copied to the context object
4776 so that you can override it on a request basis.
4778 Be default we don't automatically encode 'application/json' since the most
4779 common approaches to generating this type of response (Either via L<Catalyst::View::JSON>
4780 or L<Catalyst::Action::REST>) will do so already and we want to avoid double
4783 If you are producing JSON response in an unconventional manner (such
4784 as via a template or manual strings) you should perform the UTF8 encoding
4785 manually as well such as to conform to the JSON specification.
4787 NOTE: We also examine the value of $c->response->content_encoding. If
4788 you set this (like for example 'gzip', and manually gzipping the body)
4789 we assume that you have done all the necessary encoding yourself, since
4790 we cannot encode the gzipped contents. If you use a plugin like
4791 L<Catalyst::Plugin::Compress> you need to update to a modern version in order
4792 to have this function correctly with the new UTF8 encoding code, or you
4793 can use L<Plack::Middleware::Deflater> or (probably best) do your compression on
4802 Returns an instance of an C<Encode> encoding
4804 print $c->encoding->name
4806 =item handle_unicode_encoding_exception ($exception_context)
4808 Method called when decoding process for a request fails.
4810 An C<$exception_context> hashref is provided to allow you to override the
4811 behaviour of your application when given data with incorrect encodings.
4813 The default method throws exceptions in the case of invalid request parameters
4814 (resulting in a 500 error), but ignores errors in upload filenames.
4816 The keys passed in the C<$exception_context> hash are:
4822 The value which was not able to be decoded.
4826 The exception received from L<Encode>.
4830 What type of data was being decoded. Valid values are (currently)
4831 C<params> - for request parameters / arguments / captures
4832 and C<uploads> - for request upload filenames.
4842 Join #catalyst on irc.perl.org.
4846 http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst
4847 http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst-dev
4851 http://catalyst.perl.org
4855 http://dev.catalyst.perl.org
4859 =head2 L<Task::Catalyst> - All you need to start with Catalyst
4861 =head2 L<Catalyst::Manual> - The Catalyst Manual
4863 =head2 L<Catalyst::Component>, L<Catalyst::Controller> - Base classes for components
4865 =head2 L<Catalyst::Engine> - Core engine
4867 =head2 L<Catalyst::Log> - Log class.
4869 =head2 L<Catalyst::Request> - Request object
4871 =head2 L<Catalyst::Response> - Response object
4873 =head2 L<Catalyst::Test> - The test suite.
4875 =head1 PROJECT FOUNDER
4877 sri: Sebastian Riedel <sri@cpan.org>
4883 acme: Leon Brocard <leon@astray.com>
4885 abraxxa: Alexander Hartmaier <abraxxa@cpan.org>
4887 andrewalker: André Walker <andre@cpan.org>
4891 Andrew Ford E<lt>A.Ford@ford-mason.co.ukE<gt>
4895 andyg: Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
4897 audreyt: Audrey Tang
4899 bricas: Brian Cassidy <bricas@cpan.org>
4901 Caelum: Rafael Kitover <rkitover@io.com>
4903 chansen: Christian Hansen
4905 Chase Venters C<chase.venters@gmail.com>
4907 chicks: Christopher Hicks
4909 Chisel Wright C<pause@herlpacker.co.uk>
4911 Danijel Milicevic C<me@danijel.de>
4913 davewood: David Schmidt <davewood@cpan.org>
4915 David Kamholz E<lt>dkamholz@cpan.orgE<gt>
4917 David Naughton, C<naughton@umn.edu>
4921 dhoss: Devin Austin <dhoss@cpan.org>
4923 dkubb: Dan Kubb <dan.kubb-cpan@onautopilot.com>
4927 dwc: Daniel Westermann-Clark <danieltwc@cpan.org>
4929 esskar: Sascha Kiefer
4931 fireartist: Carl Franks <cfranks@cpan.org>
4933 frew: Arthur Axel "fREW" Schmidt <frioux@gmail.com>
4935 gabb: Danijel Milicevic
4939 Gavin Henry C<ghenry@perl.me.uk>
4943 groditi: Guillermo Roditi <groditi@gmail.com>
4945 hobbs: Andrew Rodland <andrew@cleverdomain.org>
4947 ilmari: Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker <ilmari@ilmari.org>
4949 jcamacho: Juan Camacho
4951 jester: Jesse Sheidlower C<jester@panix.com>
4953 jhannah: Jay Hannah <jay@jays.net>
4959 jon: Jon Schutz <jjschutz@cpan.org>
4961 Jonathan Rockway C<< <jrockway@cpan.org> >>
4963 Kieren Diment C<kd@totaldatasolution.com>
4965 konobi: Scott McWhirter <konobi@cpan.org>
4967 marcus: Marcus Ramberg <mramberg@cpan.org>
4969 miyagawa: Tatsuhiko Miyagawa <miyagawa@bulknews.net>
4971 mgrimes: Mark Grimes <mgrimes@cpan.org>
4973 mst: Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
4977 naughton: David Naughton
4979 ningu: David Kamholz <dkamholz@cpan.org>
4981 nothingmuch: Yuval Kogman <nothingmuch@woobling.org>
4983 numa: Dan Sully <daniel@cpan.org>
4989 omega: Andreas Marienborg
4991 Oleg Kostyuk <cub.uanic@gmail.com>
4993 phaylon: Robert Sedlacek <phaylon@dunkelheit.at>
4995 rafl: Florian Ragwitz <rafl@debian.org>
4997 random: Roland Lammel <lammel@cpan.org>
4999 Robert Sedlacek C<< <rs@474.at> >>
5001 SpiceMan: Marcel Montes
5005 szbalint: Balint Szilakszi <szbalint@cpan.org>
5007 t0m: Tomas Doran <bobtfish@bobtfish.net>
5011 vanstyn: Henry Van Styn <vanstyn@cpan.org>
5013 Viljo Marrandi C<vilts@yahoo.com>
5015 Will Hawes C<info@whawes.co.uk>
5017 willert: Sebastian Willert <willert@cpan.org>
5019 wreis: Wallace Reis <wreis@cpan.org>
5021 Yuval Kogman, C<nothingmuch@woobling.org>
5023 rainboxx: Matthias Dietrich, C<perl@rainboxx.de>
5025 dd070: Dhaval Dhanani <dhaval070@gmail.com>
5027 Upasana <me@upasana.me>
5029 John Napiorkowski (jnap) <jjnapiork@cpan.org>
5033 Copyright (c) 2005-2015, the above named PROJECT FOUNDER and CONTRIBUTORS.
5037 This library is free software. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
5038 the same terms as Perl itself.
5044 __PACKAGE__->meta->make_immutable;