4 use base 'Catalyst::Component';
6 use Catalyst::Exception;
9 use Catalyst::Request::Upload;
10 use Catalyst::Response;
12 use Catalyst::Controller;
13 use Devel::InnerPackage ();
15 use Module::Pluggable::Object ();
17 use Text::SimpleTable ();
18 use Path::Class::Dir ();
19 use Path::Class::File ();
20 use Time::HiRes qw/gettimeofday tv_interval/;
24 use Scalar::Util qw/weaken blessed/;
25 use Tree::Simple qw/use_weak_refs/;
26 use Tree::Simple::Visitor::FindByUID;
29 use Carp qw/croak carp shortmess/;
31 BEGIN { require 5.008001; }
33 __PACKAGE__->mk_accessors(
34 qw/counter request response state action stack namespace stats/
37 sub depth { scalar @{ shift->stack || [] }; }
44 # For backwards compatibility
45 *finalize_output = \&finalize_body;
50 our $RECURSION = 1000;
51 our $DETACH = "catalyst_detach\n";
52 our $GO = "catalyst_go\n";
54 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata($_)
55 for qw/components arguments dispatcher engine log dispatcher_class
56 engine_class context_class request_class response_class stats_class
59 __PACKAGE__->dispatcher_class('Catalyst::Dispatcher');
60 __PACKAGE__->engine_class('Catalyst::Engine::CGI');
61 __PACKAGE__->request_class('Catalyst::Request');
62 __PACKAGE__->response_class('Catalyst::Response');
63 __PACKAGE__->stats_class('Catalyst::Stats');
65 # Remember to update this in Catalyst::Runtime as well!
67 our $VERSION = '5.71001';
70 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
72 # We have to limit $class to Catalyst to avoid pushing Catalyst upon every
74 return unless $class eq 'Catalyst';
76 my $caller = caller(0);
78 unless ( $caller->isa('Catalyst') ) {
80 push @{"$caller\::ISA"}, $class, 'Catalyst::Controller';
83 $caller->arguments( [@arguments] );
89 Catalyst - The Elegant MVC Web Application Framework
93 See the L<Catalyst::Manual> distribution for comprehensive
94 documentation and tutorials.
96 # Install Catalyst::Devel for helpers and other development tools
97 # use the helper to create a new application
100 # add models, views, controllers
101 script/myapp_create.pl model MyDatabase DBIC::Schema create=static dbi:SQLite:/path/to/db
102 script/myapp_create.pl view MyTemplate TT
103 script/myapp_create.pl controller Search
105 # built in testserver -- use -r to restart automatically on changes
106 # --help to see all available options
107 script/myapp_server.pl
109 # command line testing interface
110 script/myapp_test.pl /yada
113 use Catalyst qw/-Debug/; # include plugins here as well
115 ### In lib/MyApp/Controller/Root.pm (autocreated)
116 sub foo : Global { # called for /foo, /foo/1, /foo/1/2, etc.
117 my ( $self, $c, @args ) = @_; # args are qw/1 2/ for /foo/1/2
118 $c->stash->{template} = 'foo.tt'; # set the template
119 # lookup something from db -- stash vars are passed to TT
121 $c->model('Database::Foo')->search( { country => $args[0] } );
122 if ( $c->req->params->{bar} ) { # access GET or POST parameters
123 $c->forward( 'bar' ); # process another action
124 # do something else after forward returns
128 # The foo.tt TT template can use the stash data from the database
129 [% WHILE (item = data.next) %]
133 # called for /bar/of/soap, /bar/of/soap/10, etc.
134 sub bar : Path('/bar/of/soap') { ... }
136 # called for all actions, from the top-most controller downwards
138 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
139 if ( !$c->user_exists ) { # Catalyst::Plugin::Authentication
140 $c->res->redirect( '/login' ); # require login
141 return 0; # abort request and go immediately to end()
143 return 1; # success; carry on to next action
146 # called after all actions are finished
148 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
149 if ( scalar @{ $c->error } ) { ... } # handle errors
150 return if $c->res->body; # already have a response
151 $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' ); # render template
154 ### in MyApp/Controller/Foo.pm
155 # called for /foo/bar
156 sub bar : Local { ... }
158 # called for /blargle
159 sub blargle : Global { ... }
161 # an index action matches /foo, but not /foo/1, etc.
162 sub index : Private { ... }
164 ### in MyApp/Controller/Foo/Bar.pm
165 # called for /foo/bar/baz
166 sub baz : Local { ... }
168 # first Root auto is called, then Foo auto, then this
169 sub auto : Private { ... }
171 # powerful regular expression paths are also possible
172 sub details : Regex('^product/(\w+)/details$') {
173 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
174 # extract the (\w+) from the URI
175 my $product = $c->req->captures->[0];
178 See L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro> for additional information.
182 Catalyst is a modern framework for making web applications without the
183 pain usually associated with this process. This document is a reference
184 to the main Catalyst application. If you are a new user, we suggest you
185 start with L<Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial> or L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro>.
187 See L<Catalyst::Manual> for more documentation.
189 Catalyst plugins can be loaded by naming them as arguments to the "use
190 Catalyst" statement. Omit the C<Catalyst::Plugin::> prefix from the
191 plugin name, i.e., C<Catalyst::Plugin::My::Module> becomes
194 use Catalyst qw/My::Module/;
196 If your plugin starts with a name other than C<Catalyst::Plugin::>, you can
197 fully qualify the name by using a unary plus:
201 +Fully::Qualified::Plugin::Name
204 Special flags like C<-Debug> and C<-Engine> can also be specified as
205 arguments when Catalyst is loaded:
207 use Catalyst qw/-Debug My::Module/;
209 The position of plugins and flags in the chain is important, because
210 they are loaded in the order in which they appear.
212 The following flags are supported:
216 Enables debug output. You can also force this setting from the system
217 environment with CATALYST_DEBUG or <MYAPP>_DEBUG. The environment
218 settings override the application, with <MYAPP>_DEBUG having the highest
223 Forces Catalyst to use a specific engine. Omit the
224 C<Catalyst::Engine::> prefix of the engine name, i.e.:
226 use Catalyst qw/-Engine=CGI/;
230 Forces Catalyst to use a specific home directory, e.g.:
232 use Catalyst qw[-Home=/usr/mst];
234 This can also be done in the shell environment by setting either the
235 C<CATALYST_HOME> environment variable or C<MYAPP_HOME>; where C<MYAPP>
236 is replaced with the uppercased name of your application, any "::" in
237 the name will be replaced with underscores, e.g. MyApp::Web should use
238 MYAPP_WEB_HOME. If both variables are set, the MYAPP_HOME one will be used.
246 Enables statistics collection and reporting. You can also force this setting
247 from the system environment with CATALYST_STATS or <MYAPP>_STATS. The
248 environment settings override the application, with <MYAPP>_STATS having the
253 use Catalyst qw/-Stats=1/
257 =head2 INFORMATION ABOUT THE CURRENT REQUEST
261 Returns a L<Catalyst::Action> object for the current action, which
262 stringifies to the action name. See L<Catalyst::Action>.
266 Returns the namespace of the current action, i.e., the URI prefix
267 corresponding to the controller of the current action. For example:
269 # in Controller::Foo::Bar
270 $c->namespace; # returns 'foo/bar';
276 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Request> object, giving access to
277 information about the current client request (including parameters,
278 cookies, HTTP headers, etc.). See L<Catalyst::Request>.
280 =head2 REQUEST FLOW HANDLING
282 =head2 $c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )
284 =head2 $c->forward( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
286 Forwards processing to another action, by its private name. If you give a
287 class name but no method, C<process()> is called. You may also optionally
288 pass arguments in an arrayref. The action will receive the arguments in
289 C<@_> and C<< $c->req->args >>. Upon returning from the function,
290 C<< $c->req->args >> will be restored to the previous values.
292 Any data C<return>ed from the action forwarded to, will be returned by the
295 my $foodata = $c->forward('/foo');
296 $c->forward('index');
297 $c->forward(qw/MyApp::Model::DBIC::Foo do_stuff/);
298 $c->forward('MyApp::View::TT');
300 Note that forward implies an C<<eval { }>> around the call (actually
301 C<execute> does), thus de-fatalizing all 'dies' within the called
302 action. If you want C<die> to propagate you need to do something like:
305 die $c->error if $c->error;
307 Or make sure to always return true values from your actions and write
310 $c->forward('foo') || return;
314 sub forward { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->forward( $c, @_ ) }
316 =head2 $c->detach( $action [, \@arguments ] )
318 =head2 $c->detach( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
322 The same as C<forward>, but doesn't return to the previous action when
323 processing is finished.
325 When called with no arguments it escapes the processing chain entirely.
329 sub detach { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->detach( $c, @_ ) }
331 =head2 $c->visit( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
333 =head2 $c->visit( $class, $method, [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
335 Almost the same as C<forward>, but does a full dispatch, instead of just
336 calling the new C<$action> / C<$class-E<gt>$method>. This means that C<begin>,
337 C<auto> and the method you go to are called, just like a new request.
339 In addition both C<< $c->action >> and C<< $c->namespace >> are localized.
340 This means, for example, that $c->action methods such as C<name>, C<class> and
341 C<reverse> return information for the visited action when they are invoked
342 within the visited action. This is different from the behavior of C<forward>
343 which continues to use the $c->action object from the caller action even when
344 invoked from the callee.
346 C<$c-E<gt>stash> is kept unchanged.
348 In effect, C<visit> allows you to "wrap" another action, just as it
349 would have been called by dispatching from a URL, while the analogous
350 C<go> allows you to transfer control to another action as if it had
351 been reached directly from a URL.
355 sub visit { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->visit( $c, @_ ) }
357 =head2 $c->go( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
359 =head2 $c->go( $class, $method, [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
361 Almost the same as C<detach>, but does a full dispatch like C<visit>,
362 instead of just calling the new C<$action> /
363 C<$class-E<gt>$method>. This means that C<begin>, C<auto> and the
364 method you visit are called, just like a new request.
366 C<$c-E<gt>stash> is kept unchanged.
370 sub go { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->go( $c, @_ ) }
376 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Response> object, see there for details.
380 Returns a hashref to the stash, which may be used to store data and pass
381 it between components during a request. You can also set hash keys by
382 passing arguments. The stash is automatically sent to the view. The
383 stash is cleared at the end of a request; it cannot be used for
384 persistent storage (for this you must use a session; see
385 L<Catalyst::Plugin::Session> for a complete system integrated with
388 $c->stash->{foo} = $bar;
389 $c->stash( { moose => 'majestic', qux => 0 } );
390 $c->stash( bar => 1, gorch => 2 ); # equivalent to passing a hashref
392 # stash is automatically passed to the view for use in a template
393 $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' );
400 my $stash = @_ > 1 ? {@_} : $_[0];
401 croak('stash takes a hash or hashref') unless ref $stash;
402 foreach my $key ( keys %$stash ) {
403 $c->{stash}->{$key} = $stash->{$key};
411 =head2 $c->error($error, ...)
413 =head2 $c->error($arrayref)
415 Returns an arrayref containing error messages. If Catalyst encounters an
416 error while processing a request, it stores the error in $c->error. This
417 method should only be used to store fatal error messages.
419 my @error = @{ $c->error };
423 $c->error('Something bad happened');
430 my $error = ref $_[0] eq 'ARRAY' ? $_[0] : [@_];
431 croak @$error unless ref $c;
432 push @{ $c->{error} }, @$error;
434 elsif ( defined $_[0] ) { $c->{error} = undef }
435 return $c->{error} || [];
441 Contains the return value of the last executed action.
443 =head2 $c->clear_errors
445 Clear errors. You probably don't want to clear the errors unless you are
446 implementing a custom error screen.
448 This is equivalent to running
459 # search components given a name and some prefixes
460 sub _comp_search_prefixes {
461 my ( $c, $name, @prefixes ) = @_;
462 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
463 my $filter = "^${appclass}::(" . join( '|', @prefixes ) . ')::';
464 $filter = qr/$filter/; # Compile regex now rather than once per loop
466 # map the original component name to the sub part that we will search against
467 my %eligible = map { my $n = $_; $n =~ s{^$appclass\::[^:]+::}{}; $_ => $n; }
468 grep { /$filter/ } keys %{ $c->components };
470 # undef for a name will return all
471 return keys %eligible if !defined $name;
473 my $query = ref $name ? $name : qr/^$name$/i;
474 my @result = grep { $eligible{$_} =~ m{$query} } keys %eligible;
476 return map { $c->components->{ $_ } } @result if @result;
478 # if we were given a regexp to search against, we're done.
483 @result = map { $c->components->{ $_ } } grep { $eligible{ $_ } =~ m{$query} } keys %eligible;
485 # no results? try against full names
487 @result = map { $c->components->{ $_ } } grep { m{$query} } keys %eligible;
490 # don't warn if we didn't find any results, it just might not exist
492 # Disgusting hack to work out correct method name
493 my $warn_for = lc $prefixes[0];
494 my $msg = "Used regexp fallback for \$c->{$warn_for}('${name}'), which found '" .
495 (join '", "', @result) . "'. Relying on regexp fallback behavior for " .
496 "component resolution is unreliable and unsafe.";
497 my $short = $result[0];
498 $short =~ s/.*?Model:://;
499 my $shortmess = Carp::shortmess('');
500 if ($shortmess =~ m#Catalyst/Plugin#) {
501 $msg .= " You probably need to set '$short' instead of '${name}' in this " .
503 } elsif ($shortmess =~ m#Catalyst/lib/(View|Controller)#) {
504 $msg .= " You probably need to set '$short' instead of '${name}' in this " .
505 "component's config";
507 $msg .= " You probably meant \$c->${warn_for}('$short') instead of \$c->${warn_for}({'${name}'}), " .
508 "but if you really wanted to search, pass in a regexp as the argument " .
509 "like so: \$c->${warn_for}(qr/${name}/)";
511 $c->log->warn( "${msg}$shortmess" );
517 # Find possible names for a prefix
519 my ( $c, @prefixes ) = @_;
520 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
522 my $filter = "^${appclass}::(" . join( '|', @prefixes ) . ')::';
524 my @names = map { s{$filter}{}; $_; } $c->_comp_search_prefixes( undef, @prefixes );
528 # Filter a component before returning by calling ACCEPT_CONTEXT if available
529 sub _filter_component {
530 my ( $c, $comp, @args ) = @_;
532 if ( eval { $comp->can('ACCEPT_CONTEXT'); } ) {
533 return $comp->ACCEPT_CONTEXT( $c, @args );
539 =head2 COMPONENT ACCESSORS
541 =head2 $c->controller($name)
543 Gets a L<Catalyst::Controller> instance by name.
545 $c->controller('Foo')->do_stuff;
547 If the name is omitted, will return the controller for the dispatched
550 If you want to search for controllers, pass in a regexp as the argument.
552 # find all controllers that start with Foo
553 my @foo_controllers = $c->controller(qr{^Foo});
559 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
562 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Controller C/ );
563 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
564 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
567 return $c->component( $c->action->class );
570 =head2 $c->model($name)
572 Gets a L<Catalyst::Model> instance by name.
574 $c->model('Foo')->do_stuff;
576 Any extra arguments are directly passed to ACCEPT_CONTEXT.
578 If the name is omitted, it will look for
579 - a model object in $c->stash->{current_model_instance}, then
580 - a model name in $c->stash->{current_model}, then
581 - a config setting 'default_model', or
582 - check if there is only one model, and return it if that's the case.
584 If you want to search for models, pass in a regexp as the argument.
586 # find all models that start with Foo
587 my @foo_models = $c->model(qr{^Foo});
592 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
595 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Model M/ );
596 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
597 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
601 return $c->stash->{current_model_instance}
602 if $c->stash->{current_model_instance};
603 return $c->model( $c->stash->{current_model} )
604 if $c->stash->{current_model};
606 return $c->model( $c->config->{default_model} )
607 if $c->config->{default_model};
609 my( $comp, $rest ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( undef, qw/Model M/);
612 $c->log->warn( Carp::shortmess('Calling $c->model() will return a random model unless you specify one of:') );
613 $c->log->warn( '* $c->config->{default_model} # the name of the default model to use' );
614 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_model} # the name of the model to use for this request' );
615 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_model_instance} # the instance of the model to use for this request' );
616 $c->log->warn( 'NB: in version 5.80, the "random" behavior will not work at all.' );
619 return $c->_filter_component( $comp );
623 =head2 $c->view($name)
625 Gets a L<Catalyst::View> instance by name.
627 $c->view('Foo')->do_stuff;
629 Any extra arguments are directly passed to ACCEPT_CONTEXT.
631 If the name is omitted, it will look for
632 - a view object in $c->stash->{current_view_instance}, then
633 - a view name in $c->stash->{current_view}, then
634 - a config setting 'default_view', or
635 - check if there is only one view, and return it if that's the case.
637 If you want to search for views, pass in a regexp as the argument.
639 # find all views that start with Foo
640 my @foo_views = $c->view(qr{^Foo});
645 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
648 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/View V/ );
649 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
650 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
654 return $c->stash->{current_view_instance}
655 if $c->stash->{current_view_instance};
656 return $c->view( $c->stash->{current_view} )
657 if $c->stash->{current_view};
659 return $c->view( $c->config->{default_view} )
660 if $c->config->{default_view};
662 my( $comp, $rest ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( undef, qw/View V/);
665 $c->log->warn( 'Calling $c->view() will return a random view unless you specify one of:' );
666 $c->log->warn( '* $c->config->{default_view} # the name of the default view to use' );
667 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_view} # the name of the view to use for this request' );
668 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_view_instance} # the instance of the view to use for this request' );
669 $c->log->warn( 'NB: in version 5.80, the "random" behavior will not work at all.' );
672 return $c->_filter_component( $comp );
675 =head2 $c->controllers
677 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->controller
683 return $c->_comp_names(qw/Controller C/);
688 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->model
694 return $c->_comp_names(qw/Model M/);
700 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->view
706 return $c->_comp_names(qw/View V/);
709 =head2 $c->comp($name)
711 =head2 $c->component($name)
713 Gets a component object by name. This method is not recommended,
714 unless you want to get a specific component by full
715 class. C<< $c->controller >>, C<< $c->model >>, and C<< $c->view >>
716 should be used instead.
718 If C<$name> is a regexp, a list of components matched against the full
719 component name will be returned.
724 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
727 my $comps = $c->components;
730 # is it the exact name?
731 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{ $name }, @args )
732 if exists $comps->{ $name };
734 # perhaps we just omitted "MyApp"?
735 my $composed = ( ref $c || $c ) . "::${name}";
736 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{ $composed }, @args )
737 if exists $comps->{ $composed };
739 # search all of the models, views and controllers
740 my( $comp ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Model M Controller C View V/ );
741 return $c->_filter_component( $comp, @args ) if $comp;
744 # This is here so $c->comp( '::M::' ) works
745 my $query = ref $name ? $name : qr{$name}i;
747 my @result = grep { m{$query} } keys %{ $c->components };
748 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
751 $c->log->warn( Carp::shortmess(qq(Found results for "${name}" using regexp fallback)) );
752 $c->log->warn( 'Relying on the regexp fallback behavior for component resolution' );
753 $c->log->warn( 'is unreliable and unsafe. You have been warned' );
754 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
757 # I would expect to return an empty list here, but that breaks back-compat
761 return sort keys %{ $c->components };
764 =head2 CLASS DATA AND HELPER CLASSES
768 Returns or takes a hashref containing the application's configuration.
770 __PACKAGE__->config( { db => 'dsn:SQLite:foo.db' } );
772 You can also use a C<YAML>, C<XML> or C<Config::General> config file
773 like myapp.yml in your applications home directory. See
774 L<Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader>.
777 db: dsn:SQLite:foo.db
785 $c->log->warn("Setting config after setup has been run is not a good idea.")
786 if ( @_ and $c->setup_finished );
788 $c->NEXT::config(@_);
793 Returns the logging object instance. Unless it is already set, Catalyst
794 sets this up with a L<Catalyst::Log> object. To use your own log class,
795 set the logger with the C<< __PACKAGE__->log >> method prior to calling
796 C<< __PACKAGE__->setup >>.
798 __PACKAGE__->log( MyLogger->new );
803 $c->log->info( 'Now logging with my own logger!' );
805 Your log class should implement the methods described in
811 Overload to enable debug messages (same as -Debug option).
813 Note that this is a static method, not an accessor and should be overloaded
814 by declaring "sub debug { 1 }" in your MyApp.pm, not by calling $c->debug(1).
820 =head2 $c->dispatcher
822 Returns the dispatcher instance. Stringifies to class name. See
823 L<Catalyst::Dispatcher>.
827 Returns the engine instance. Stringifies to the class name. See
831 =head2 UTILITY METHODS
833 =head2 $c->path_to(@path)
835 Merges C<@path> with C<< $c->config->{home} >> and returns a
836 L<Path::Class::Dir> object.
840 $c->path_to( 'db', 'sqlite.db' );
845 my ( $c, @path ) = @_;
846 my $path = Path::Class::Dir->new( $c->config->{home}, @path );
847 if ( -d $path ) { return $path }
848 else { return Path::Class::File->new( $c->config->{home}, @path ) }
851 =head2 $c->plugin( $name, $class, @args )
853 Helper method for plugins. It creates a classdata accessor/mutator and
854 loads and instantiates the given class.
856 MyApp->plugin( 'prototype', 'HTML::Prototype' );
858 $c->prototype->define_javascript_functions;
863 my ( $class, $name, $plugin, @args ) = @_;
864 $class->_register_plugin( $plugin, 1 );
866 eval { $plugin->import };
867 $class->mk_classdata($name);
869 eval { $obj = $plugin->new(@args) };
872 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
873 qq/Couldn't instantiate instant plugin "$plugin", "$@"/ );
877 $class->log->debug(qq/Initialized instant plugin "$plugin" as "$name"/)
883 Initializes the dispatcher and engine, loads any plugins, and loads the
884 model, view, and controller components. You may also specify an array
885 of plugins to load here, if you choose to not load them in the C<use
889 MyApp->setup( qw/-Debug/ );
894 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
896 $class->log->warn("Running setup twice is not a good idea.")
897 if ( $class->setup_finished );
899 unless ( $class->isa('Catalyst') ) {
901 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
902 message => qq/'$class' does not inherit from Catalyst/ );
905 if ( $class->arguments ) {
906 @arguments = ( @arguments, @{ $class->arguments } );
912 foreach (@arguments) {
916 ( $flags->{log} ) ? 'debug,' . $flags->{log} : 'debug';
918 elsif (/^-(\w+)=?(.*)$/) {
919 $flags->{ lc $1 } = $2;
922 push @{ $flags->{plugins} }, $_;
926 $class->setup_home( delete $flags->{home} );
928 $class->setup_log( delete $flags->{log} );
929 $class->setup_plugins( delete $flags->{plugins} );
930 $class->setup_dispatcher( delete $flags->{dispatcher} );
931 $class->setup_engine( delete $flags->{engine} );
932 $class->setup_stats( delete $flags->{stats} );
934 for my $flag ( sort keys %{$flags} ) {
936 if ( my $code = $class->can( 'setup_' . $flag ) ) {
937 &$code( $class, delete $flags->{$flag} );
940 $class->log->warn(qq/Unknown flag "$flag"/);
944 eval { require Catalyst::Devel; };
945 if( !$@ && $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} && ( $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} < $Catalyst::Devel::CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN ) ) {
946 $class->log->warn(<<"EOF");
947 You are running an old script!
949 Please update by running (this will overwrite existing files):
950 catalyst.pl -force -scripts $class
952 or (this will not overwrite existing files):
953 catalyst.pl -scripts $class
958 if ( $class->debug ) {
959 my @plugins = map { "$_ " . ( $_->VERSION || '' ) } $class->registered_plugins;
962 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 6;
963 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new($column_width);
964 $t->row($_) for @plugins;
965 $class->log->debug( "Loaded plugins:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" );
968 my $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher;
969 my $engine = $class->engine;
970 my $home = $class->config->{home};
972 $class->log->debug(qq/Loaded dispatcher "$dispatcher"/);
973 $class->log->debug(qq/Loaded engine "$engine"/);
977 ? $class->log->debug(qq/Found home "$home"/)
978 : $class->log->debug(qq/Home "$home" doesn't exist/)
979 : $class->log->debug(q/Couldn't find home/);
984 no warnings qw/redefine/;
985 local *setup = sub { };
989 # Initialize our data structure
990 $class->components( {} );
992 $class->setup_components;
994 if ( $class->debug ) {
995 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 8 - 9;
996 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ $column_width, 'Class' ], [ 8, 'Type' ] );
997 for my $comp ( sort keys %{ $class->components } ) {
998 my $type = ref $class->components->{$comp} ? 'instance' : 'class';
999 $t->row( $comp, $type );
1001 $class->log->debug( "Loaded components:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" )
1002 if ( keys %{ $class->components } );
1005 # Add our self to components, since we are also a component
1006 $class->components->{$class} = $class;
1008 $class->setup_actions;
1010 if ( $class->debug ) {
1011 my $name = $class->config->{name} || 'Application';
1012 $class->log->info("$name powered by Catalyst $Catalyst::VERSION");
1014 $class->log->_flush() if $class->log->can('_flush');
1016 $class->setup_finished(1);
1019 =head2 $c->uri_for( $action, \@captures?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1021 =head2 $c->uri_for( $path, @args?, \%query_values? )
1027 A Catalyst::Action object representing the Catalyst action you want to
1030 To get an action object:
1032 From another controller, anywhere:
1033 C<< $c->controller('ControllerName')->action_for('someactionname') >>
1034 Shorter styles useful in particular places:
1035 In the current controller's action method:
1036 C<< $self->action_for('someactionname') >>
1037 From the view for currently dispatched action:
1038 C<< $c->controller->action_for('someactionname') >>
1041 This method must be used to create URIs for
1042 L<Catalyst::DispatchType::Chained> actions.
1046 The actual path you wish to create a URI for, this is a public path,
1047 not a private action path.
1051 If provided, this argument is used to insert values into a I<Chained>
1052 action in the parts where the definitions contain I<CaptureArgs>. If
1053 not needed, leave out this argument.
1057 If provided, this is used as a list of further path sections to append
1058 to the URI. In a I<Chained> action these are the equivalent to the
1061 =item \%query_values
1063 If provided, the query_values hashref is used to add query parameters
1064 to the URI, with the keys as the names, and the values as the values.
1068 Returns a L<URI> object.
1070 ## Ex 1: a path with args and a query parameter
1071 $c->uri_for($c->controller('User')->action_for('list'), 'short', { page => 2});
1072 ## -> ($c->req->base is 'http://localhost:3000/'
1073 URI->new('http://localhost:3000/user/list/short?page=2)
1075 ## Ex 2: a chained view action that captures the user id
1077 sub user : Chained('/'): PathPart('myuser'): CaptureArgs(1) {}
1078 sub viewuser : Chained('user'): PathPart('view') {}
1080 ## In uri creating code:
1081 my $uaction = $c->controller('Users')->action_for('viewuser');
1082 $c->uri_for($uaction, [ 42 ]);
1084 URI->new('http://localhost:3000/myuser/42/view')
1086 ## Ex 3: this style is deprecated and should be omitted
1087 $c->uri_for('user/list', 'short', { page => 2});
1088 ## -> ($c->req->base is 'http://localhost:3000/'
1089 URI->new('http://localhost:3000/user/list/short?page=2)
1091 Creates a URI object using C<< $c->request->base >> and a path. If an
1092 Action object is given instead of a path, the path is constructed
1093 using C<< $c->dispatcher->uri_for_action >> and passing it the
1094 @captures array, if supplied.
1096 If any query parameters are passed they are added to the end of the
1097 URI in the usual way.
1099 Note that uri_for is destructive to the passed query values hashref.
1100 Subsequent calls with the same hashref may have unintended results.
1105 my ( $c, $path, @args ) = @_;
1107 if ( Scalar::Util::blessed($path) ) { # action object
1108 my $captures = ( scalar @args && ref $args[0] eq 'ARRAY'
1111 $path = $c->dispatcher->uri_for_action($path, $captures);
1112 return undef unless defined($path);
1113 $path = '/' if $path eq '';
1116 undef($path) if (defined $path && $path eq '');
1119 ( scalar @args && ref $args[$#args] eq 'HASH' ? pop @args : {} );
1121 carp "uri_for called with undef argument" if grep { ! defined $_ } @args;
1122 s/([^$URI::uric])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go for @args;
1124 unshift(@args, $path);
1126 unless (defined $path && $path =~ s!^/!!) { # in-place strip
1127 my $namespace = $c->namespace;
1128 if (defined $path) { # cheesy hack to handle path '../foo'
1129 $namespace =~ s{(?:^|/)[^/]+$}{} while $args[0] =~ s{^\.\./}{};
1131 unshift(@args, $namespace || '');
1134 # join args with '/', or a blank string
1135 my $args = join('/', grep { defined($_) } @args);
1136 $args =~ s/\?/%3F/g; # STUPID STUPID SPECIAL CASE
1138 my $base = $c->req->base;
1139 my $class = ref($base);
1140 $base =~ s{(?<!/)$}{/};
1144 if (my @keys = keys %$params) {
1145 # somewhat lifted from URI::_query's query_form
1146 $query = '?'.join('&', map {
1147 my $val = $params->{$_};
1148 s/([;\/?:@&=+,\$\[\]%])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1151 $val = '' unless defined $val;
1154 utf8::encode( $_ ) if utf8::is_utf8($_);
1155 # using the URI::Escape pattern here so utf8 chars survive
1156 s/([^A-Za-z0-9\-_.!~*'() ])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1158 "${key}=$_"; } ( ref $val eq 'ARRAY' ? @$val : $val ));
1162 my $res = bless(\"${base}${args}${query}", $class);
1166 =head2 $c->welcome_message
1168 Returns the Catalyst welcome HTML page.
1172 sub welcome_message {
1174 my $name = $c->config->{name};
1175 my $logo = $c->uri_for('/static/images/catalyst_logo.png');
1176 my $prefix = Catalyst::Utils::appprefix( ref $c );
1177 $c->response->content_type('text/html; charset=utf-8');
1179 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
1180 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
1181 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
1183 <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en" />
1184 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
1185 <title>$name on Catalyst $VERSION</title>
1186 <style type="text/css">
1189 background-color: #eee;
1196 margin-bottom: 10px;
1198 background-color: #ccc;
1199 border: 1px solid #aaa;
1204 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
1207 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
1210 text-decoration: none;
1212 border-bottom: 1px dotted #bbb;
1214 :link:hover, :visited:hover {
1227 background-color: #fff;
1228 border: 1px solid #aaa;
1232 font-weight: normal;
1254 <h1><span id="appname">$name</span> on <a href="http://catalyst.perl.org">Catalyst</a>
1259 <img src="$logo" alt="Catalyst Logo" />
1261 <p>Welcome to the world of Catalyst.
1262 This <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MVC">MVC</a>
1263 framework will make web development something you had
1264 never expected it to be: Fun, rewarding, and quick.</p>
1265 <h2>What to do now?</h2>
1266 <p>That really depends on what <b>you</b> want to do.
1267 We do, however, provide you with a few starting points.</p>
1268 <p>If you want to jump right into web development with Catalyst
1269 you might want to start with a tutorial.</p>
1270 <pre>perldoc <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/dist/Catalyst-Manual/lib/Catalyst/Manual/Tutorial.pod">Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial</a></code>
1272 <p>Afterwards you can go on to check out a more complete look at our features.</p>
1274 <code>perldoc <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/dist/Catalyst-Manual/lib/Catalyst/Manual/Intro.pod">Catalyst::Manual::Intro</a>
1275 <!-- Something else should go here, but the Catalyst::Manual link seems unhelpful -->
1277 <h2>What to do next?</h2>
1278 <p>Next it's time to write an actual application. Use the
1279 helper scripts to generate <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AController%3A%3A&mode=all">controllers</a>,
1280 <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AModel%3A%3A&mode=all">models</a>, and
1281 <a href="http://cpansearch.perl.org/search?query=Catalyst%3A%3AView%3A%3A&mode=all">views</a>;
1282 they can save you a lot of work.</p>
1283 <pre><code>script/${prefix}_create.pl -help</code></pre>
1284 <p>Also, be sure to check out the vast and growing
1285 collection of <a href="http://search.cpan.org/search?query=Catalyst">plugins for Catalyst on CPAN</a>;
1286 you are likely to find what you need there.
1290 <p>Catalyst has a very active community. Here are the main places to
1291 get in touch with us.</p>
1294 <a href="http://dev.catalyst.perl.org">Wiki</a>
1297 <a href="http://lists.rawmode.org/mailman/listinfo/catalyst">Mailing-List</a>
1300 <a href="irc://irc.perl.org/catalyst">IRC channel #catalyst on irc.perl.org</a>
1303 <h2>In conclusion</h2>
1304 <p>The Catalyst team hopes you will enjoy using Catalyst as much
1305 as we enjoyed making it. Please contact us if you have ideas
1306 for improvement or other feedback.</p>
1314 =head1 INTERNAL METHODS
1316 These methods are not meant to be used by end users.
1318 =head2 $c->components
1320 Returns a hash of components.
1322 =head2 $c->context_class
1324 Returns or sets the context class.
1328 Returns a hashref containing coderefs and execution counts (needed for
1329 deep recursion detection).
1333 Returns the number of actions on the current internal execution stack.
1337 Dispatches a request to actions.
1341 sub dispatch { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->dispatch( $c, @_ ) }
1343 =head2 $c->dispatcher_class
1345 Returns or sets the dispatcher class.
1347 =head2 $c->dump_these
1349 Returns a list of 2-element array references (name, structure) pairs
1350 that will be dumped on the error page in debug mode.
1356 [ Request => $c->req ],
1357 [ Response => $c->res ],
1358 [ Stash => $c->stash ],
1359 [ Config => $c->config ];
1362 =head2 $c->engine_class
1364 Returns or sets the engine class.
1366 =head2 $c->execute( $class, $coderef )
1368 Execute a coderef in given class and catch exceptions. Errors are available
1374 my ( $c, $class, $code ) = @_;
1375 $class = $c->component($class) || $class;
1378 if ( $c->depth >= $RECURSION ) {
1379 my $action = "$code";
1380 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /->/;
1381 my $error = qq/Deep recursion detected calling "$action"/;
1382 $c->log->error($error);
1388 my $stats_info = $c->_stats_start_execute( $code ) if $c->use_stats;
1390 push( @{ $c->stack }, $code );
1392 eval { $c->state( &$code( $class, $c, @{ $c->req->args } ) || 0 ) };
1394 $c->_stats_finish_execute( $stats_info ) if $c->use_stats and $stats_info;
1396 my $last = pop( @{ $c->stack } );
1398 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1399 if ( !ref($error) and $error eq $DETACH ) {
1400 die $DETACH if($c->depth > 1);
1402 elsif ( !ref($error) and $error eq $GO ) {
1403 die $GO if($c->depth > 0);
1406 unless ( ref $error ) {
1407 no warnings 'uninitialized';
1409 my $class = $last->class;
1410 my $name = $last->name;
1411 $error = qq/Caught exception in $class->$name "$error"/;
1420 sub _stats_start_execute {
1421 my ( $c, $code ) = @_;
1423 return if ( ( $code->name =~ /^_.*/ )
1424 && ( !$c->config->{show_internal_actions} ) );
1426 $c->counter->{"$code"}++;
1428 my $action = "$code";
1429 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /->/;
1431 # determine if the call was the result of a forward
1432 # this is done by walking up the call stack and looking for a calling
1433 # sub of Catalyst::forward before the eval
1435 for my $index ( 2 .. 11 ) {
1437 if ( ( caller($index) )[0] eq 'Catalyst'
1438 && ( caller($index) )[3] eq '(eval)' );
1440 if ( ( caller($index) )[3] =~ /forward$/ ) {
1441 $callsub = ( caller($index) )[3];
1442 $action = "-> $action";
1447 my $uid = "$code" . $c->counter->{"$code"};
1449 # is this a root-level call or a forwarded call?
1450 if ( $callsub =~ /forward$/ ) {
1452 # forward, locate the caller
1453 if ( my $parent = $c->stack->[-1] ) {
1456 parent => "$parent" . $c->counter->{"$parent"},
1462 # forward with no caller may come from a plugin
1481 sub _stats_finish_execute {
1482 my ( $c, $info ) = @_;
1483 $c->stats->profile( end => $info );
1486 =head2 $c->_localize_fields( sub { }, \%keys );
1490 sub _localize_fields {
1491 my ( $c, $localized, $code ) = ( @_ );
1493 my $request = delete $localized->{request} || {};
1494 my $response = delete $localized->{response} || {};
1496 local @{ $c }{ keys %$localized } = values %$localized;
1497 local @{ $c->request }{ keys %$request } = values %$request;
1498 local @{ $c->response }{ keys %$response } = values %$response;
1505 Finalizes the request.
1512 for my $error ( @{ $c->error } ) {
1513 $c->log->error($error);
1516 # Allow engine to handle finalize flow (for POE)
1517 if ( $c->engine->can('finalize') ) {
1518 $c->engine->finalize($c);
1522 $c->finalize_uploads;
1525 if ( $#{ $c->error } >= 0 ) {
1529 $c->finalize_headers;
1532 if ( $c->request->method eq 'HEAD' ) {
1533 $c->response->body('');
1539 if ($c->use_stats) {
1540 my $elapsed = sprintf '%f', $c->stats->elapsed;
1541 my $av = $elapsed == 0 ? '??' : sprintf '%.3f', 1 / $elapsed;
1543 "Request took ${elapsed}s ($av/s)\n" . $c->stats->report . "\n" );
1546 return $c->response->status;
1549 =head2 $c->finalize_body
1555 sub finalize_body { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_body( $c, @_ ) }
1557 =head2 $c->finalize_cookies
1563 sub finalize_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_cookies( $c, @_ ) }
1565 =head2 $c->finalize_error
1571 sub finalize_error { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_error( $c, @_ ) }
1573 =head2 $c->finalize_headers
1579 sub finalize_headers {
1582 # Check if we already finalized headers
1583 return if $c->response->{_finalized_headers};
1586 if ( my $location = $c->response->redirect ) {
1587 $c->log->debug(qq/Redirecting to "$location"/) if $c->debug;
1588 $c->response->header( Location => $location );
1590 if ( !$c->response->body ) {
1591 # Add a default body if none is already present
1593 qq{<html><body><p>This item has moved <a href="$location">here</a>.</p></body></html>}
1599 if ( $c->response->body && !$c->response->content_length ) {
1601 # get the length from a filehandle
1602 if ( blessed( $c->response->body ) && $c->response->body->can('read') )
1604 my $stat = stat $c->response->body;
1605 if ( $stat && $stat->size > 0 ) {
1606 $c->response->content_length( $stat->size );
1609 $c->log->warn('Serving filehandle without a content-length');
1613 # everything should be bytes at this point, but just in case
1614 $c->response->content_length( bytes::length( $c->response->body ) );
1619 if ( $c->response->status =~ /^(1\d\d|[23]04)$/ ) {
1620 $c->response->headers->remove_header("Content-Length");
1621 $c->response->body('');
1624 $c->finalize_cookies;
1626 $c->engine->finalize_headers( $c, @_ );
1629 $c->response->{_finalized_headers} = 1;
1632 =head2 $c->finalize_output
1634 An alias for finalize_body.
1636 =head2 $c->finalize_read
1638 Finalizes the input after reading is complete.
1642 sub finalize_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_read( $c, @_ ) }
1644 =head2 $c->finalize_uploads
1646 Finalizes uploads. Cleans up any temporary files.
1650 sub finalize_uploads { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_uploads( $c, @_ ) }
1652 =head2 $c->get_action( $action, $namespace )
1654 Gets an action in a given namespace.
1658 sub get_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_action(@_) }
1660 =head2 $c->get_actions( $action, $namespace )
1662 Gets all actions of a given name in a namespace and all parent
1667 sub get_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_actions( $c, @_ ) }
1669 =head2 $c->handle_request( $class, @arguments )
1671 Called to handle each HTTP request.
1675 sub handle_request {
1676 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
1678 # Always expect worst case!
1681 if ($class->debug) {
1682 my $secs = time - $START || 1;
1683 my $av = sprintf '%.3f', $COUNT / $secs;
1684 my $time = localtime time;
1685 $class->log->info("*** Request $COUNT ($av/s) [$$] [$time] ***");
1688 my $c = $class->prepare(@arguments);
1690 $status = $c->finalize;
1693 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1695 $class->log->error(qq/Caught exception in engine "$error"/);
1699 $class->log->_flush() if $class->log->can('_flush');
1703 =head2 $c->prepare( @arguments )
1705 Creates a Catalyst context from an engine-specific request (Apache, CGI,
1711 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
1713 $class->context_class( ref $class || $class ) unless $class->context_class;
1714 my $c = $class->context_class->new(
1718 request => $class->request_class->new(
1721 body_parameters => {},
1723 headers => HTTP::Headers->new,
1725 query_parameters => {},
1731 response => $class->response_class->new(
1735 headers => HTTP::Headers->new(),
1744 $c->stats($class->stats_class->new)->enable($c->use_stats);
1746 $c->res->headers->header( 'X-Catalyst' => $Catalyst::VERSION );
1749 # For on-demand data
1750 $c->request->{_context} = $c;
1751 $c->response->{_context} = $c;
1752 weaken( $c->request->{_context} );
1753 weaken( $c->response->{_context} );
1755 # Allow engine to direct the prepare flow (for POE)
1756 if ( $c->engine->can('prepare') ) {
1757 $c->engine->prepare( $c, @arguments );
1760 $c->prepare_request(@arguments);
1761 $c->prepare_connection;
1762 $c->prepare_query_parameters;
1763 $c->prepare_headers;
1764 $c->prepare_cookies;
1767 # Prepare the body for reading, either by prepare_body
1768 # or the user, if they are using $c->read
1771 # Parse the body unless the user wants it on-demand
1772 unless ( $c->config->{parse_on_demand} ) {
1777 my $method = $c->req->method || '';
1778 my $path = $c->req->path;
1779 $path = '/' unless length $path;
1780 my $address = $c->req->address || '';
1782 $c->log->debug(qq/"$method" request for "$path" from "$address"/)
1790 =head2 $c->prepare_action
1792 Prepares action. See L<Catalyst::Dispatcher>.
1796 sub prepare_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->prepare_action( $c, @_ ) }
1798 =head2 $c->prepare_body
1800 Prepares message body.
1807 # Do we run for the first time?
1808 return if defined $c->request->{_body};
1810 # Initialize on-demand data
1811 $c->engine->prepare_body( $c, @_ );
1812 $c->prepare_parameters;
1813 $c->prepare_uploads;
1815 if ( $c->debug && keys %{ $c->req->body_parameters } ) {
1816 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 35, 'Parameter' ], [ 36, 'Value' ] );
1817 for my $key ( sort keys %{ $c->req->body_parameters } ) {
1818 my $param = $c->req->body_parameters->{$key};
1819 my $value = defined($param) ? $param : '';
1821 ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ? ( join ', ', @$value ) : $value );
1823 $c->log->debug( "Body Parameters are:\n" . $t->draw );
1827 =head2 $c->prepare_body_chunk( $chunk )
1829 Prepares a chunk of data before sending it to L<HTTP::Body>.
1831 See L<Catalyst::Engine>.
1835 sub prepare_body_chunk {
1837 $c->engine->prepare_body_chunk( $c, @_ );
1840 =head2 $c->prepare_body_parameters
1842 Prepares body parameters.
1846 sub prepare_body_parameters {
1848 $c->engine->prepare_body_parameters( $c, @_ );
1851 =head2 $c->prepare_connection
1853 Prepares connection.
1857 sub prepare_connection {
1859 $c->engine->prepare_connection( $c, @_ );
1862 =head2 $c->prepare_cookies
1868 sub prepare_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_cookies( $c, @_ ) }
1870 =head2 $c->prepare_headers
1876 sub prepare_headers { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_headers( $c, @_ ) }
1878 =head2 $c->prepare_parameters
1880 Prepares parameters.
1884 sub prepare_parameters {
1886 $c->prepare_body_parameters;
1887 $c->engine->prepare_parameters( $c, @_ );
1890 =head2 $c->prepare_path
1892 Prepares path and base.
1896 sub prepare_path { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_path( $c, @_ ) }
1898 =head2 $c->prepare_query_parameters
1900 Prepares query parameters.
1904 sub prepare_query_parameters {
1907 $c->engine->prepare_query_parameters( $c, @_ );
1909 if ( $c->debug && keys %{ $c->request->query_parameters } ) {
1910 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 35, 'Parameter' ], [ 36, 'Value' ] );
1911 for my $key ( sort keys %{ $c->req->query_parameters } ) {
1912 my $param = $c->req->query_parameters->{$key};
1913 my $value = defined($param) ? $param : '';
1915 ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ? ( join ', ', @$value ) : $value );
1917 $c->log->debug( "Query Parameters are:\n" . $t->draw );
1921 =head2 $c->prepare_read
1923 Prepares the input for reading.
1927 sub prepare_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_read( $c, @_ ) }
1929 =head2 $c->prepare_request
1931 Prepares the engine request.
1935 sub prepare_request { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_request( $c, @_ ) }
1937 =head2 $c->prepare_uploads
1943 sub prepare_uploads {
1946 $c->engine->prepare_uploads( $c, @_ );
1948 if ( $c->debug && keys %{ $c->request->uploads } ) {
1949 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new(
1950 [ 12, 'Parameter' ],
1955 for my $key ( sort keys %{ $c->request->uploads } ) {
1956 my $upload = $c->request->uploads->{$key};
1957 for my $u ( ref $upload eq 'ARRAY' ? @{$upload} : ($upload) ) {
1958 $t->row( $key, $u->filename, $u->type, $u->size );
1961 $c->log->debug( "File Uploads are:\n" . $t->draw );
1965 =head2 $c->prepare_write
1967 Prepares the output for writing.
1971 sub prepare_write { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_write( $c, @_ ) }
1973 =head2 $c->request_class
1975 Returns or sets the request class.
1977 =head2 $c->response_class
1979 Returns or sets the response class.
1981 =head2 $c->read( [$maxlength] )
1983 Reads a chunk of data from the request body. This method is designed to
1984 be used in a while loop, reading C<$maxlength> bytes on every call.
1985 C<$maxlength> defaults to the size of the request if not specified.
1987 You have to set C<< MyApp->config->{parse_on_demand} >> to use this
1990 Warning: If you use read(), Catalyst will not process the body,
1991 so you will not be able to access POST parameters or file uploads via
1992 $c->request. You must handle all body parsing yourself.
1996 sub read { my $c = shift; return $c->engine->read( $c, @_ ) }
2004 sub run { my $c = shift; return $c->engine->run( $c, @_ ) }
2006 =head2 $c->set_action( $action, $code, $namespace, $attrs )
2008 Sets an action in a given namespace.
2012 sub set_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->set_action( $c, @_ ) }
2014 =head2 $c->setup_actions($component)
2016 Sets up actions for a component.
2020 sub setup_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->setup_actions( $c, @_ ) }
2022 =head2 $c->setup_components
2024 Sets up components. Specify a C<setup_components> config option to pass
2025 additional options directly to L<Module::Pluggable>. To add additional
2026 search paths, specify a key named C<search_extra> as an array
2027 reference. Items in the array beginning with C<::> will have the
2028 application class name prepended to them.
2030 All components found will also have any
2031 L<Devel::InnerPackage|inner packages> loaded and set up as components.
2032 Note, that modules which are B<not> an I<inner package> of the main
2033 file namespace loaded will not be instantiated as components.
2037 sub setup_components {
2040 my @paths = qw( ::Controller ::C ::Model ::M ::View ::V );
2041 my $config = $class->config->{ setup_components };
2042 my $extra = delete $config->{ search_extra } || [];
2044 push @paths, @$extra;
2046 my $locator = Module::Pluggable::Object->new(
2047 search_path => [ map { s/^(?=::)/$class/; $_; } @paths ],
2051 my @comps = sort { length $a <=> length $b } $locator->plugins;
2052 my %comps = map { $_ => 1 } @comps;
2054 for my $component ( @comps ) {
2056 # We pass ignore_loaded here so that overlay files for (e.g.)
2057 # Model::DBI::Schema sub-classes are loaded - if it's in @comps
2058 # we know M::P::O found a file on disk so this is safe
2060 Catalyst::Utils::ensure_class_loaded( $component, { ignore_loaded => 1 } );
2062 my $module = $class->setup_component( $component );
2064 $component => $module,
2066 $_ => $class->setup_component( $_ )
2068 not exists $comps{$_}
2069 } Devel::InnerPackage::list_packages( $component )
2072 for my $key ( keys %modules ) {
2073 $class->components->{ $key } = $modules{ $key };
2078 =head2 $c->setup_component
2082 sub setup_component {
2083 my( $class, $component ) = @_;
2085 unless ( $component->can( 'COMPONENT' ) ) {
2089 my $suffix = Catalyst::Utils::class2classsuffix( $component );
2090 my $config = $class->config->{ $suffix } || {};
2092 my $instance = eval { $component->COMPONENT( $class, $config ); };
2094 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
2096 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
2097 message => qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", "$error"/
2101 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
2103 qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", "COMPONENT() didn't return an object-like value"/
2104 ) unless eval { $instance->can( 'can' ) };
2109 =head2 $c->setup_dispatcher
2115 sub setup_dispatcher {
2116 my ( $class, $dispatcher ) = @_;
2119 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $dispatcher;
2122 if ( my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'DISPATCHER' ) ) {
2123 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $env;
2126 unless ($dispatcher) {
2127 $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher_class;
2130 unless (Class::Inspector->loaded($dispatcher)) {
2131 require Class::Inspector->filename($dispatcher);
2134 # dispatcher instance
2135 $class->dispatcher( $dispatcher->new );
2138 =head2 $c->setup_engine
2145 my ( $class, $engine ) = @_;
2148 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::' . $engine;
2151 if ( my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'ENGINE' ) ) {
2152 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::' . $env;
2155 if ( $ENV{MOD_PERL} ) {
2157 # create the apache method
2160 *{"$class\::apache"} = sub { shift->engine->apache };
2163 my ( $software, $version ) =
2164 $ENV{MOD_PERL} =~ /^(\S+)\/(\d+(?:[\.\_]\d+)+)/;
2167 $version =~ s/(\.[^.]+)\./$1/g;
2169 if ( $software eq 'mod_perl' ) {
2173 if ( $version >= 1.99922 ) {
2174 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Apache2::MP20';
2177 elsif ( $version >= 1.9901 ) {
2178 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Apache2::MP19';
2181 elsif ( $version >= 1.24 ) {
2182 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Apache::MP13';
2186 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
2187 qq/Unsupported mod_perl version: $ENV{MOD_PERL}/ );
2192 # install the correct mod_perl handler
2193 if ( $version >= 1.9901 ) {
2194 *handler = sub : method {
2195 shift->handle_request(@_);
2199 *handler = sub ($$) { shift->handle_request(@_) };
2204 elsif ( $software eq 'Zeus-Perl' ) {
2205 $engine = 'Catalyst::Engine::Zeus';
2209 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
2210 message => qq/Unsupported mod_perl: $ENV{MOD_PERL}/ );
2215 $engine = $class->engine_class;
2218 unless (Class::Inspector->loaded($engine)) {
2219 require Class::Inspector->filename($engine);
2222 # check for old engines that are no longer compatible
2224 if ( $engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Apache')
2225 && !Catalyst::Engine::Apache->VERSION )
2230 elsif ( $engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Server::Base')
2231 && Catalyst::Engine::Server->VERSION le '0.02' )
2236 elsif ($engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::HTTP::POE')
2237 && $engine->VERSION eq '0.01' )
2242 elsif ($engine->isa('Catalyst::Engine::Zeus')
2243 && $engine->VERSION eq '0.01' )
2249 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
2250 qq/Engine "$engine" is not supported by this version of Catalyst/
2255 $class->engine( $engine->new );
2258 =head2 $c->setup_home
2260 Sets up the home directory.
2265 my ( $class, $home ) = @_;
2267 if ( my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'HOME' ) ) {
2272 $home = Catalyst::Utils::home($class);
2276 $class->config->{home} ||= $home;
2277 $class->config->{root} ||= Path::Class::Dir->new($home)->subdir('root');
2281 =head2 $c->setup_log
2288 my ( $class, $debug ) = @_;
2290 unless ( $class->log ) {
2291 $class->log( Catalyst::Log->new );
2294 my $env_debug = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'DEBUG' );
2295 if ( defined($env_debug) ? $env_debug : $debug ) {
2297 *{"$class\::debug"} = sub { 1 };
2298 $class->log->debug('Debug messages enabled');
2302 =head2 $c->setup_plugins
2308 =head2 $c->setup_stats
2310 Sets up timing statistics class.
2315 my ( $class, $stats ) = @_;
2317 Catalyst::Utils::ensure_class_loaded($class->stats_class);
2319 my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'STATS' );
2320 if ( defined($env) ? $env : ($stats || $class->debug ) ) {
2322 *{"$class\::use_stats"} = sub { 1 };
2323 $class->log->debug('Statistics enabled');
2328 =head2 $c->registered_plugins
2330 Returns a sorted list of the plugins which have either been stated in the
2331 import list or which have been added via C<< MyApp->plugin(@args); >>.
2333 If passed a given plugin name, it will report a boolean value indicating
2334 whether or not that plugin is loaded. A fully qualified name is required if
2335 the plugin name does not begin with C<Catalyst::Plugin::>.
2337 if ($c->registered_plugins('Some::Plugin')) {
2345 sub registered_plugins {
2347 return sort keys %{ $proto->_plugins } unless @_;
2349 return 1 if exists $proto->_plugins->{$plugin};
2350 return exists $proto->_plugins->{"Catalyst::Plugin::$plugin"};
2353 sub _register_plugin {
2354 my ( $proto, $plugin, $instant ) = @_;
2355 my $class = ref $proto || $proto;
2357 # no ignore_loaded here, the plugin may already have been
2358 # defined in memory and we don't want to error on "no file" if so
2360 Catalyst::Utils::ensure_class_loaded( $plugin );
2362 $proto->_plugins->{$plugin} = 1;
2365 unshift @{"$class\::ISA"}, $plugin;
2371 my ( $class, $plugins ) = @_;
2373 $class->_plugins( {} ) unless $class->_plugins;
2375 for my $plugin ( reverse @$plugins ) {
2377 unless ( $plugin =~ s/\A\+// ) {
2378 $plugin = "Catalyst::Plugin::$plugin";
2381 $class->_register_plugin($plugin);
2388 Returns an arrayref of the internal execution stack (actions that are
2389 currently executing).
2391 =head2 $c->stats_class
2393 Returns or sets the stats (timing statistics) class.
2395 =head2 $c->use_stats
2397 Returns 1 when stats collection is enabled. Stats collection is enabled
2398 when the -Stats options is set, debug is on or when the <MYAPP>_STATS
2399 environment variable is set.
2401 Note that this is a static method, not an accessor and should be overloaded
2402 by declaring "sub use_stats { 1 }" in your MyApp.pm, not by calling $c->use_stats(1).
2409 =head2 $c->write( $data )
2411 Writes $data to the output stream. When using this method directly, you
2412 will need to manually set the C<Content-Length> header to the length of
2413 your output data, if known.
2420 # Finalize headers if someone manually writes output
2421 $c->finalize_headers;
2423 return $c->engine->write( $c, @_ );
2428 Returns the Catalyst version number. Mostly useful for "powered by"
2429 messages in template systems.
2433 sub version { return $Catalyst::VERSION }
2435 =head1 INTERNAL ACTIONS
2437 Catalyst uses internal actions like C<_DISPATCH>, C<_BEGIN>, C<_AUTO>,
2438 C<_ACTION>, and C<_END>. These are by default not shown in the private
2439 action table, but you can make them visible with a config parameter.
2441 MyApp->config->{show_internal_actions} = 1;
2443 =head1 CASE SENSITIVITY
2445 By default Catalyst is not case sensitive, so C<MyApp::C::FOO::Bar> is
2446 mapped to C</foo/bar>. You can activate case sensitivity with a config
2449 MyApp->config->{case_sensitive} = 1;
2451 This causes C<MyApp::C::Foo::Bar> to map to C</Foo/Bar>.
2453 =head1 ON-DEMAND PARSER
2455 The request body is usually parsed at the beginning of a request,
2456 but if you want to handle input yourself, you can enable on-demand
2457 parsing with a config parameter.
2459 MyApp->config->{parse_on_demand} = 1;
2461 =head1 PROXY SUPPORT
2463 Many production servers operate using the common double-server approach,
2464 with a lightweight frontend web server passing requests to a larger
2465 backend server. An application running on the backend server must deal
2466 with two problems: the remote user always appears to be C<127.0.0.1> and
2467 the server's hostname will appear to be C<localhost> regardless of the
2468 virtual host that the user connected through.
2470 Catalyst will automatically detect this situation when you are running
2471 the frontend and backend servers on the same machine. The following
2472 changes are made to the request.
2474 $c->req->address is set to the user's real IP address, as read from
2475 the HTTP X-Forwarded-For header.
2477 The host value for $c->req->base and $c->req->uri is set to the real
2478 host, as read from the HTTP X-Forwarded-Host header.
2480 Obviously, your web server must support these headers for this to work.
2482 In a more complex server farm environment where you may have your
2483 frontend proxy server(s) on different machines, you will need to set a
2484 configuration option to tell Catalyst to read the proxied data from the
2487 MyApp->config->{using_frontend_proxy} = 1;
2489 If you do not wish to use the proxy support at all, you may set:
2491 MyApp->config->{ignore_frontend_proxy} = 1;
2493 =head1 THREAD SAFETY
2495 Catalyst has been tested under Apache 2's threading C<mpm_worker>,
2496 C<mpm_winnt>, and the standalone forking HTTP server on Windows. We
2497 believe the Catalyst core to be thread-safe.
2499 If you plan to operate in a threaded environment, remember that all other
2500 modules you are using must also be thread-safe. Some modules, most notably
2501 L<DBD::SQLite>, are not thread-safe.
2507 Join #catalyst on irc.perl.org.
2511 http://lists.rawmode.org/mailman/listinfo/catalyst
2512 http://lists.rawmode.org/mailman/listinfo/catalyst-dev
2516 http://catalyst.perl.org
2520 http://dev.catalyst.perl.org
2524 =head2 L<Task::Catalyst> - All you need to start with Catalyst
2526 =head2 L<Catalyst::Manual> - The Catalyst Manual
2528 =head2 L<Catalyst::Component>, L<Catalyst::Base> - Base classes for components
2530 =head2 L<Catalyst::Engine> - Core engine
2532 =head2 L<Catalyst::Log> - Log class.
2534 =head2 L<Catalyst::Request> - Request object
2536 =head2 L<Catalyst::Response> - Response object
2538 =head2 L<Catalyst::Test> - The test suite.
2540 =head1 PROJECT FOUNDER
2542 sri: Sebastian Riedel <sri@cpan.org>
2548 acme: Leon Brocard <leon@astray.com>
2556 andyg: Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
2558 audreyt: Audrey Tang
2560 bricas: Brian Cassidy <bricas@cpan.org>
2562 chansen: Christian Hansen
2564 chicks: Christopher Hicks
2566 dkubb: Dan Kubb <dan.kubb-cpan@onautopilot.com>
2570 esskar: Sascha Kiefer
2572 fireartist: Carl Franks <cfranks@cpan.org>
2574 gabb: Danijel Milicevic
2580 jcamacho: Juan Camacho
2582 jhannah: Jay Hannah <jay@jays.net>
2588 jon: Jon Schutz <jjschutz@cpan.org>
2590 marcus: Marcus Ramberg <mramberg@cpan.org>
2592 miyagawa: Tatsuhiko Miyagawa <miyagawa@bulknews.net>
2594 mst: Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
2598 naughton: David Naughton
2600 ningu: David Kamholz <dkamholz@cpan.org>
2602 nothingmuch: Yuval Kogman <nothingmuch@woobling.org>
2604 numa: Dan Sully <daniel@cpan.org>
2608 omega: Andreas Marienborg
2610 Oleg Kostyuk <cub.uanic@gmail.com>
2612 phaylon: Robert Sedlacek <phaylon@dunkelheit.at>
2616 the_jester: Jesse Sheidlower
2620 willert: Sebastian Willert <willert@cpan.org>
2622 batman: Jan Henning Thorsen <pm@flodhest.net>
2626 This library is free software, you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
2627 the same terms as Perl itself.