4 use Moose::Meta::Class ();
5 extends 'Catalyst::Component';
6 use Moose::Util qw/find_meta/;
7 use namespace::clean -except => 'meta';
8 use Catalyst::Exception;
9 use Catalyst::Exception::Detach;
10 use Catalyst::Exception::Go;
12 use Catalyst::Request;
13 use Catalyst::Request::Upload;
14 use Catalyst::Response;
16 use Catalyst::Controller;
18 use Devel::InnerPackage ();
19 use Module::Pluggable::Object ();
20 use Text::SimpleTable ();
21 use Path::Class::Dir ();
22 use Path::Class::File ();
27 use Tree::Simple qw/use_weak_refs/;
28 use Tree::Simple::Visitor::FindByUID;
29 use Class::C3::Adopt::NEXT;
30 use List::MoreUtils qw/uniq/;
32 use String::RewritePrefix;
33 use Catalyst::EngineLoader;
35 use Carp qw/croak carp shortmess/;
38 use Moose::Util 'find_meta';
39 use Plack::Middleware::Conditional;
40 use Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy;
41 use Plack::Middleware::IIS6ScriptNameFix;
42 use Plack::Middleware::IIS7KeepAliveFix;
43 use Plack::Middleware::LighttpdScriptNameFix;
45 use Class::Load 'load_class';
47 BEGIN { require 5.008003; }
49 has stack => (is => 'ro', default => sub { [] });
50 has stash => (is => 'rw', default => sub { {} });
51 has state => (is => 'rw', default => 0);
52 has stats => (is => 'rw');
53 has action => (is => 'rw');
54 has counter => (is => 'rw', default => sub { {} });
59 $self->request_class->new($self->_build_request_constructor_args);
63 sub _build_request_constructor_args {
65 my %p = ( _log => $self->log );
66 $p{_uploadtmp} = $self->_uploadtmp if $self->_has_uploadtmp;
67 $p{data_handlers} = {$self->registered_data_handlers};
68 $p{_use_hash_multivalue} = $self->config->{use_hash_multivalue_in_request}
69 if $self->config->{use_hash_multivalue_in_request};
77 $self->response_class->new($self->_build_response_constructor_args);
81 sub _build_response_constructor_args {
83 { _log => $self->log };
86 has namespace => (is => 'rw');
88 sub depth { scalar @{ shift->stack || [] }; }
89 sub comp { shift->component(@_) }
92 my $self = shift; return $self->request(@_);
95 my $self = shift; return $self->response(@_);
98 # For backwards compatibility
99 sub finalize_output { shift->finalize_body(@_) };
104 our $RECURSION = 1000;
105 our $DETACH = Catalyst::Exception::Detach->new;
106 our $GO = Catalyst::Exception::Go->new;
108 #I imagine that very few of these really need to be class variables. if any.
109 #maybe we should just make them attributes with a default?
110 __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata($_)
111 for qw/components arguments dispatcher engine log dispatcher_class
112 engine_loader context_class request_class response_class stats_class
113 setup_finished _psgi_app loading_psgi_file run_options _psgi_middleware
116 __PACKAGE__->dispatcher_class('Catalyst::Dispatcher');
117 __PACKAGE__->request_class('Catalyst::Request');
118 __PACKAGE__->response_class('Catalyst::Response');
119 __PACKAGE__->stats_class('Catalyst::Stats');
121 # Remember to update this in Catalyst::Runtime as well!
123 our $VERSION = '5.90051';
126 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
128 # We have to limit $class to Catalyst to avoid pushing Catalyst upon every
130 return unless $class eq 'Catalyst';
132 my $caller = caller();
133 return if $caller eq 'main';
135 my $meta = Moose::Meta::Class->initialize($caller);
136 unless ( $caller->isa('Catalyst') ) {
137 my @superclasses = ($meta->superclasses, $class, 'Catalyst::Controller');
138 $meta->superclasses(@superclasses);
140 # Avoid possible C3 issues if 'Moose::Object' is already on RHS of MyApp
141 $meta->superclasses(grep { $_ ne 'Moose::Object' } $meta->superclasses);
143 unless( $meta->has_method('meta') ){
144 if ($Moose::VERSION >= 1.15) {
145 $meta->_add_meta_method('meta');
148 $meta->add_method(meta => sub { Moose::Meta::Class->initialize("${caller}") } );
152 $caller->arguments( [@arguments] );
156 sub _application { $_[0] }
162 Catalyst - The Elegant MVC Web Application Framework
166 See the L<Catalyst::Manual> distribution for comprehensive
167 documentation and tutorials.
169 # Install Catalyst::Devel for helpers and other development tools
170 # use the helper to create a new application
173 # add models, views, controllers
174 script/myapp_create.pl model MyDatabase DBIC::Schema create=static dbi:SQLite:/path/to/db
175 script/myapp_create.pl view MyTemplate TT
176 script/myapp_create.pl controller Search
178 # built in testserver -- use -r to restart automatically on changes
179 # --help to see all available options
180 script/myapp_server.pl
182 # command line testing interface
183 script/myapp_test.pl /yada
186 use Catalyst qw/-Debug/; # include plugins here as well
188 ### In lib/MyApp/Controller/Root.pm (autocreated)
189 sub foo : Chained('/') Args() { # called for /foo, /foo/1, /foo/1/2, etc.
190 my ( $self, $c, @args ) = @_; # args are qw/1 2/ for /foo/1/2
191 $c->stash->{template} = 'foo.tt'; # set the template
192 # lookup something from db -- stash vars are passed to TT
194 $c->model('Database::Foo')->search( { country => $args[0] } );
195 if ( $c->req->params->{bar} ) { # access GET or POST parameters
196 $c->forward( 'bar' ); # process another action
197 # do something else after forward returns
201 # The foo.tt TT template can use the stash data from the database
202 [% WHILE (item = data.next) %]
206 # called for /bar/of/soap, /bar/of/soap/10, etc.
207 sub bar : Chained('/') PathPart('/bar/of/soap') Args() { ... }
209 # called after all actions are finished
211 my ( $self, $c ) = @_;
212 if ( scalar @{ $c->error } ) { ... } # handle errors
213 return if $c->res->body; # already have a response
214 $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' ); # render template
217 See L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro> for additional information.
221 Catalyst is a modern framework for making web applications without the
222 pain usually associated with this process. This document is a reference
223 to the main Catalyst application. If you are a new user, we suggest you
224 start with L<Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial> or L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro>.
226 See L<Catalyst::Manual> for more documentation.
228 Catalyst plugins can be loaded by naming them as arguments to the "use
229 Catalyst" statement. Omit the C<Catalyst::Plugin::> prefix from the
230 plugin name, i.e., C<Catalyst::Plugin::My::Module> becomes
233 use Catalyst qw/My::Module/;
235 If your plugin starts with a name other than C<Catalyst::Plugin::>, you can
236 fully qualify the name by using a unary plus:
240 +Fully::Qualified::Plugin::Name
243 Special flags like C<-Debug> can also be specified as
244 arguments when Catalyst is loaded:
246 use Catalyst qw/-Debug My::Module/;
248 The position of plugins and flags in the chain is important, because
249 they are loaded in the order in which they appear.
251 The following flags are supported:
255 Enables debug output. You can also force this setting from the system
256 environment with CATALYST_DEBUG or <MYAPP>_DEBUG. The environment
257 settings override the application, with <MYAPP>_DEBUG having the highest
260 This sets the log level to 'debug' and enables full debug output on the
261 error screen. If you only want the latter, see L<< $c->debug >>.
265 Forces Catalyst to use a specific home directory, e.g.:
267 use Catalyst qw[-Home=/usr/mst];
269 This can also be done in the shell environment by setting either the
270 C<CATALYST_HOME> environment variable or C<MYAPP_HOME>; where C<MYAPP>
271 is replaced with the uppercased name of your application, any "::" in
272 the name will be replaced with underscores, e.g. MyApp::Web should use
273 MYAPP_WEB_HOME. If both variables are set, the MYAPP_HOME one will be used.
275 If none of these are set, Catalyst will attempt to automatically detect the
276 home directory. If you are working in a development environment, Catalyst
277 will try and find the directory containing either Makefile.PL, Build.PL,
278 dist.ini, or cpanfile. If the application has been installed into the system
279 (i.e. you have done C<make install>), then Catalyst will use the path to your
280 application module, without the .pm extension (e.g., /foo/MyApp if your
281 application was installed at /foo/MyApp.pm)
285 use Catalyst '-Log=warn,fatal,error';
287 Specifies a comma-delimited list of log levels.
291 Enables statistics collection and reporting.
293 use Catalyst qw/-Stats=1/;
295 You can also force this setting from the system environment with CATALYST_STATS
296 or <MYAPP>_STATS. The environment settings override the application, with
297 <MYAPP>_STATS having the highest priority.
299 Stats are also enabled if L<< debugging |/"-Debug" >> is enabled.
303 =head2 INFORMATION ABOUT THE CURRENT REQUEST
307 Returns a L<Catalyst::Action> object for the current action, which
308 stringifies to the action name. See L<Catalyst::Action>.
312 Returns the namespace of the current action, i.e., the URI prefix
313 corresponding to the controller of the current action. For example:
315 # in Controller::Foo::Bar
316 $c->namespace; # returns 'foo/bar';
322 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Request> object, giving access to
323 information about the current client request (including parameters,
324 cookies, HTTP headers, etc.). See L<Catalyst::Request>.
326 =head2 REQUEST FLOW HANDLING
328 =head2 $c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )
330 =head2 $c->forward( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
332 This is one way of calling another action (method) in the same or
333 a different controller. You can also use C<< $self->my_method($c, @args) >>
334 in the same controller or C<< $c->controller('MyController')->my_method($c, @args) >>
335 in a different controller.
336 The main difference is that 'forward' uses some of the Catalyst request
337 cycle overhead, including debugging, which may be useful to you. On the
338 other hand, there are some complications to using 'forward', restrictions
339 on values returned from 'forward', and it may not handle errors as you prefer.
340 Whether you use 'forward' or not is up to you; it is not considered superior to
341 the other ways to call a method.
343 'forward' calls another action, by its private name. If you give a
344 class name but no method, C<process()> is called. You may also optionally
345 pass arguments in an arrayref. The action will receive the arguments in
346 C<@_> and C<< $c->req->args >>. Upon returning from the function,
347 C<< $c->req->args >> will be restored to the previous values.
349 Any data C<return>ed from the action forwarded to, will be returned by the
352 my $foodata = $c->forward('/foo');
353 $c->forward('index');
354 $c->forward(qw/Model::DBIC::Foo do_stuff/);
355 $c->forward('View::TT');
357 Note that L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >> implies
358 an C<< eval { } >> around the call (actually
359 L<< execute|/"$c->execute( $class, $coderef )" >> does), thus rendering all
360 exceptions thrown by the called action non-fatal and pushing them onto
361 $c->error instead. If you want C<die> to propagate you need to do something
365 die join "\n", @{ $c->error } if @{ $c->error };
367 Or make sure to always return true values from your actions and write
370 $c->forward('foo') || return;
372 Another note is that C<< $c->forward >> always returns a scalar because it
373 actually returns $c->state which operates in a scalar context.
374 Thus, something like:
378 in an action that is forwarded to is going to return a scalar,
379 i.e. how many items are in that array, which is probably not what you want.
380 If you need to return an array then return a reference to it,
383 $c->stash->{array} = \@array;
385 and access it from the stash.
387 Keep in mind that the C<end> method used is that of the caller action. So a C<$c-E<gt>detach> inside a forwarded action would run the C<end> method from the original action requested.
391 sub forward { my $c = shift; no warnings 'recursion'; $c->dispatcher->forward( $c, @_ ) }
393 =head2 $c->detach( $action [, \@arguments ] )
395 =head2 $c->detach( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
399 The same as L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>, but
400 doesn't return to the previous action when processing is finished.
402 When called with no arguments it escapes the processing chain entirely.
406 sub detach { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->detach( $c, @_ ) }
408 =head2 $c->visit( $action [, \@arguments ] )
410 =head2 $c->visit( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
412 =head2 $c->visit( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
414 =head2 $c->visit( $class, $method, [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
416 Almost the same as L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>,
417 but does a full dispatch, instead of just calling the new C<$action> /
418 C<< $class->$method >>. This means that C<begin>, C<auto> and the method
419 you go to are called, just like a new request.
421 In addition both C<< $c->action >> and C<< $c->namespace >> are localized.
422 This means, for example, that C<< $c->action >> methods such as
423 L<name|Catalyst::Action/name>, L<class|Catalyst::Action/class> and
424 L<reverse|Catalyst::Action/reverse> return information for the visited action
425 when they are invoked within the visited action. This is different from the
426 behavior of L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>, which
427 continues to use the $c->action object from the caller action even when
428 invoked from the called action.
430 C<< $c->stash >> is kept unchanged.
432 In effect, L<< visit|/"$c->visit( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )" >>
433 allows you to "wrap" another action, just as it would have been called by
434 dispatching from a URL, while the analogous
435 L<< go|/"$c->go( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )" >> allows you to
436 transfer control to another action as if it had been reached directly from a URL.
440 sub visit { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->visit( $c, @_ ) }
442 =head2 $c->go( $action [, \@arguments ] )
444 =head2 $c->go( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
446 =head2 $c->go( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )
448 =head2 $c->go( $class, $method, [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )
450 The relationship between C<go> and
451 L<< visit|/"$c->visit( $action [, \@captures, \@arguments ] )" >> is the same as
452 the relationship between
453 L<< forward|/"$c->forward( $class, $method, [, \@arguments ] )" >> and
454 L<< detach|/"$c->detach( $action [, \@arguments ] )" >>. Like C<< $c->visit >>,
455 C<< $c->go >> will perform a full dispatch on the specified action or method,
456 with localized C<< $c->action >> and C<< $c->namespace >>. Like C<detach>,
457 C<go> escapes the processing of the current request chain on completion, and
458 does not return to its caller.
460 @arguments are arguments to the final destination of $action. @captures are
461 arguments to the intermediate steps, if any, on the way to the final sub of
466 sub go { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->go( $c, @_ ) }
472 Returns the current L<Catalyst::Response> object, see there for details.
476 Returns a hashref to the stash, which may be used to store data and pass
477 it between components during a request. You can also set hash keys by
478 passing arguments. The stash is automatically sent to the view. The
479 stash is cleared at the end of a request; it cannot be used for
480 persistent storage (for this you must use a session; see
481 L<Catalyst::Plugin::Session> for a complete system integrated with
484 $c->stash->{foo} = $bar;
485 $c->stash( { moose => 'majestic', qux => 0 } );
486 $c->stash( bar => 1, gorch => 2 ); # equivalent to passing a hashref
488 # stash is automatically passed to the view for use in a template
489 $c->forward( 'MyApp::View::TT' );
493 around stash => sub {
496 my $stash = $orig->($c);
498 my $new_stash = @_ > 1 ? {@_} : $_[0];
499 croak('stash takes a hash or hashref') unless ref $new_stash;
500 foreach my $key ( keys %$new_stash ) {
501 $stash->{$key} = $new_stash->{$key};
511 =head2 $c->error($error, ...)
513 =head2 $c->error($arrayref)
515 Returns an arrayref containing error messages. If Catalyst encounters an
516 error while processing a request, it stores the error in $c->error. This
517 method should only be used to store fatal error messages.
519 my @error = @{ $c->error };
523 $c->error('Something bad happened');
530 my $error = ref $_[0] eq 'ARRAY' ? $_[0] : [@_];
531 croak @$error unless ref $c;
532 push @{ $c->{error} }, @$error;
534 elsif ( defined $_[0] ) { $c->{error} = undef }
535 return $c->{error} || [];
541 Contains the return value of the last executed action.
542 Note that << $c->state >> operates in a scalar context which means that all
543 values it returns are scalar.
545 =head2 $c->clear_errors
547 Clear errors. You probably don't want to clear the errors unless you are
548 implementing a custom error screen.
550 This is equivalent to running
561 sub _comp_search_prefixes {
563 return map $c->components->{ $_ }, $c->_comp_names_search_prefixes(@_);
566 # search components given a name and some prefixes
567 sub _comp_names_search_prefixes {
568 my ( $c, $name, @prefixes ) = @_;
569 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
570 my $filter = "^${appclass}::(" . join( '|', @prefixes ) . ')::';
571 $filter = qr/$filter/; # Compile regex now rather than once per loop
573 # map the original component name to the sub part that we will search against
574 my %eligible = map { my $n = $_; $n =~ s{^$appclass\::[^:]+::}{}; $_ => $n; }
575 grep { /$filter/ } keys %{ $c->components };
577 # undef for a name will return all
578 return keys %eligible if !defined $name;
580 my $query = $name->$_isa('Regexp') ? $name : qr/^$name$/i;
581 my @result = grep { $eligible{$_} =~ m{$query} } keys %eligible;
583 return @result if @result;
585 # if we were given a regexp to search against, we're done.
586 return if $name->$_isa('Regexp');
588 # skip regexp fallback if configured
590 if $appclass->config->{disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback};
594 @result = grep { $eligible{ $_ } =~ m{$query} } keys %eligible;
596 # no results? try against full names
598 @result = grep { m{$query} } keys %eligible;
601 # don't warn if we didn't find any results, it just might not exist
603 # Disgusting hack to work out correct method name
604 my $warn_for = lc $prefixes[0];
605 my $msg = "Used regexp fallback for \$c->${warn_for}('${name}'), which found '" .
606 (join '", "', @result) . "'. Relying on regexp fallback behavior for " .
607 "component resolution is unreliable and unsafe.";
608 my $short = $result[0];
609 # remove the component namespace prefix
610 $short =~ s/.*?(Model|Controller|View):://;
611 my $shortmess = Carp::shortmess('');
612 if ($shortmess =~ m#Catalyst/Plugin#) {
613 $msg .= " You probably need to set '$short' instead of '${name}' in this " .
615 } elsif ($shortmess =~ m#Catalyst/lib/(View|Controller)#) {
616 $msg .= " You probably need to set '$short' instead of '${name}' in this " .
617 "component's config";
619 $msg .= " You probably meant \$c->${warn_for}('$short') instead of \$c->${warn_for}('${name}'), " .
620 "but if you really wanted to search, pass in a regexp as the argument " .
621 "like so: \$c->${warn_for}(qr/${name}/)";
623 $c->log->warn( "${msg}$shortmess" );
629 # Find possible names for a prefix
631 my ( $c, @prefixes ) = @_;
632 my $appclass = ref $c || $c;
634 my $filter = "^${appclass}::(" . join( '|', @prefixes ) . ')::';
636 my @names = map { s{$filter}{}; $_; }
637 $c->_comp_names_search_prefixes( undef, @prefixes );
642 # Filter a component before returning by calling ACCEPT_CONTEXT if available
643 sub _filter_component {
644 my ( $c, $comp, @args ) = @_;
646 if ( eval { $comp->can('ACCEPT_CONTEXT'); } ) {
647 return $comp->ACCEPT_CONTEXT( $c, @args );
653 =head2 COMPONENT ACCESSORS
655 =head2 $c->controller($name)
657 Gets a L<Catalyst::Controller> instance by name.
659 $c->controller('Foo')->do_stuff;
661 If the name is omitted, will return the controller for the dispatched
664 If you want to search for controllers, pass in a regexp as the argument.
666 # find all controllers that start with Foo
667 my @foo_controllers = $c->controller(qr{^Foo});
673 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
675 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
677 unless ( $name->$_isa('Regexp') ) { # Direct component hash lookup to avoid costly regexps
678 my $comps = $c->components;
679 my $check = $appclass."::Controller::".$name;
680 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{$check}, @args ) if exists $comps->{$check};
682 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Controller C/ );
683 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
684 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
687 return $c->component( $c->action->class );
690 =head2 $c->model($name)
692 Gets a L<Catalyst::Model> instance by name.
694 $c->model('Foo')->do_stuff;
696 Any extra arguments are directly passed to ACCEPT_CONTEXT.
698 If the name is omitted, it will look for
699 - a model object in $c->stash->{current_model_instance}, then
700 - a model name in $c->stash->{current_model}, then
701 - a config setting 'default_model', or
702 - check if there is only one model, and return it if that's the case.
704 If you want to search for models, pass in a regexp as the argument.
706 # find all models that start with Foo
707 my @foo_models = $c->model(qr{^Foo});
712 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
713 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
715 unless ( $name->$_isa('Regexp') ) { # Direct component hash lookup to avoid costly regexps
716 my $comps = $c->components;
717 my $check = $appclass."::Model::".$name;
718 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{$check}, @args ) if exists $comps->{$check};
720 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Model M/ );
721 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
722 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
726 return $c->stash->{current_model_instance}
727 if $c->stash->{current_model_instance};
728 return $c->model( $c->stash->{current_model} )
729 if $c->stash->{current_model};
731 return $c->model( $appclass->config->{default_model} )
732 if $appclass->config->{default_model};
734 my( $comp, $rest ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( undef, qw/Model M/);
737 $c->log->warn( Carp::shortmess('Calling $c->model() will return a random model unless you specify one of:') );
738 $c->log->warn( '* $c->config(default_model => "the name of the default model to use")' );
739 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_model} # the name of the model to use for this request' );
740 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_model_instance} # the instance of the model to use for this request' );
741 $c->log->warn( 'NB: in version 5.81, the "random" behavior will not work at all.' );
744 return $c->_filter_component( $comp );
748 =head2 $c->view($name)
750 Gets a L<Catalyst::View> instance by name.
752 $c->view('Foo')->do_stuff;
754 Any extra arguments are directly passed to ACCEPT_CONTEXT.
756 If the name is omitted, it will look for
757 - a view object in $c->stash->{current_view_instance}, then
758 - a view name in $c->stash->{current_view}, then
759 - a config setting 'default_view', or
760 - check if there is only one view, and return it if that's the case.
762 If you want to search for views, pass in a regexp as the argument.
764 # find all views that start with Foo
765 my @foo_views = $c->view(qr{^Foo});
770 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
772 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
774 unless ( $name->$_isa('Regexp') ) { # Direct component hash lookup to avoid costly regexps
775 my $comps = $c->components;
776 my $check = $appclass."::View::".$name;
777 if( exists $comps->{$check} ) {
778 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{$check}, @args );
781 $c->log->warn( "Attempted to use view '$check', but does not exist" );
784 my @result = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/View V/ );
785 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
786 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
790 return $c->stash->{current_view_instance}
791 if $c->stash->{current_view_instance};
792 return $c->view( $c->stash->{current_view} )
793 if $c->stash->{current_view};
795 return $c->view( $appclass->config->{default_view} )
796 if $appclass->config->{default_view};
798 my( $comp, $rest ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( undef, qw/View V/);
801 $c->log->warn( 'Calling $c->view() will return a random view unless you specify one of:' );
802 $c->log->warn( '* $c->config(default_view => "the name of the default view to use")' );
803 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_view} # the name of the view to use for this request' );
804 $c->log->warn( '* $c->stash->{current_view_instance} # the instance of the view to use for this request' );
805 $c->log->warn( 'NB: in version 5.81, the "random" behavior will not work at all.' );
808 return $c->_filter_component( $comp );
811 =head2 $c->controllers
813 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->controller
819 return $c->_comp_names(qw/Controller C/);
824 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->model
830 return $c->_comp_names(qw/Model M/);
836 Returns the available names which can be passed to $c->view
842 return $c->_comp_names(qw/View V/);
845 =head2 $c->comp($name)
847 =head2 $c->component($name)
849 Gets a component object by name. This method is not recommended,
850 unless you want to get a specific component by full
851 class. C<< $c->controller >>, C<< $c->model >>, and C<< $c->view >>
852 should be used instead.
854 If C<$name> is a regexp, a list of components matched against the full
855 component name will be returned.
857 If Catalyst can't find a component by name, it will fallback to regex
858 matching by default. To disable this behaviour set
859 disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback to a true value.
861 __PACKAGE__->config( disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback => 1 );
866 my ( $c, $name, @args ) = @_;
869 my $comps = $c->components;
872 # is it the exact name?
873 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{ $name }, @args )
874 if exists $comps->{ $name };
876 # perhaps we just omitted "MyApp"?
877 my $composed = ( ref $c || $c ) . "::${name}";
878 return $c->_filter_component( $comps->{ $composed }, @args )
879 if exists $comps->{ $composed };
881 # search all of the models, views and controllers
882 my( $comp ) = $c->_comp_search_prefixes( $name, qw/Model M Controller C View V/ );
883 return $c->_filter_component( $comp, @args ) if $comp;
887 if $c->config->{disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback};
889 # This is here so $c->comp( '::M::' ) works
890 my $query = ref $name ? $name : qr{$name}i;
892 my @result = grep { m{$query} } keys %{ $c->components };
893 return map { $c->_filter_component( $_, @args ) } @result if ref $name;
896 $c->log->warn( Carp::shortmess(qq(Found results for "${name}" using regexp fallback)) );
897 $c->log->warn( 'Relying on the regexp fallback behavior for component resolution' );
898 $c->log->warn( 'is unreliable and unsafe. You have been warned' );
899 return $c->_filter_component( $result[ 0 ], @args );
902 # I would expect to return an empty list here, but that breaks back-compat
906 return sort keys %{ $c->components };
909 =head2 CLASS DATA AND HELPER CLASSES
913 Returns or takes a hashref containing the application's configuration.
915 __PACKAGE__->config( { db => 'dsn:SQLite:foo.db' } );
917 You can also use a C<YAML>, C<XML> or L<Config::General> config file
918 like C<myapp.conf> in your applications home directory. See
919 L<Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader>.
921 =head3 Cascading configuration
923 The config method is present on all Catalyst components, and configuration
924 will be merged when an application is started. Configuration loaded with
925 L<Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader> takes precedence over other configuration,
926 followed by configuration in your top level C<MyApp> class. These two
927 configurations are merged, and then configuration data whose hash key matches a
928 component name is merged with configuration for that component.
930 The configuration for a component is then passed to the C<new> method when a
931 component is constructed.
935 MyApp->config({ 'Model::Foo' => { bar => 'baz', overrides => 'me' } });
936 MyApp::Model::Foo->config({ quux => 'frob', overrides => 'this' });
938 will mean that C<MyApp::Model::Foo> receives the following data when
941 MyApp::Model::Foo->new({
947 It's common practice to use a Moose attribute
948 on the receiving component to access the config value.
950 package MyApp::Model::Foo;
954 # this attr will receive 'baz' at construction time
960 You can then get the value 'baz' by calling $c->model('Foo')->bar
961 (or $self->bar inside code in the model).
963 B<NOTE:> you MUST NOT call C<< $self->config >> or C<< __PACKAGE__->config >>
964 as a way of reading config within your code, as this B<will not> give you the
965 correctly merged config back. You B<MUST> take the config values supplied to
966 the constructor and use those instead.
970 around config => sub {
974 croak('Setting config after setup has been run is not allowed.')
975 if ( @_ and $c->setup_finished );
982 Returns the logging object instance. Unless it is already set, Catalyst
983 sets this up with a L<Catalyst::Log> object. To use your own log class,
984 set the logger with the C<< __PACKAGE__->log >> method prior to calling
985 C<< __PACKAGE__->setup >>.
987 __PACKAGE__->log( MyLogger->new );
992 $c->log->info( 'Now logging with my own logger!' );
994 Your log class should implement the methods described in
1000 Returns 1 if debug mode is enabled, 0 otherwise.
1002 You can enable debug mode in several ways:
1006 =item By calling myapp_server.pl with the -d flag
1008 =item With the environment variables MYAPP_DEBUG, or CATALYST_DEBUG
1010 =item The -Debug option in your MyApp.pm
1012 =item By declaring C<sub debug { 1 }> in your MyApp.pm.
1016 The first three also set the log level to 'debug'.
1018 Calling C<< $c->debug(1) >> has no effect.
1024 =head2 $c->dispatcher
1026 Returns the dispatcher instance. See L<Catalyst::Dispatcher>.
1030 Returns the engine instance. See L<Catalyst::Engine>.
1033 =head2 UTILITY METHODS
1035 =head2 $c->path_to(@path)
1037 Merges C<@path> with C<< $c->config->{home} >> and returns a
1038 L<Path::Class::Dir> object. Note you can usually use this object as
1039 a filename, but sometimes you will have to explicitly stringify it
1040 yourself by calling the C<< ->stringify >> method.
1044 $c->path_to( 'db', 'sqlite.db' );
1049 my ( $c, @path ) = @_;
1050 my $path = Path::Class::Dir->new( $c->config->{home}, @path );
1051 if ( -d $path ) { return $path }
1052 else { return Path::Class::File->new( $c->config->{home}, @path ) }
1056 my ( $class, $name, $plugin, @args ) = @_;
1058 # See block comment in t/unit_core_plugin.t
1059 $class->log->warn(qq/Adding plugin using the ->plugin method is deprecated, and will be removed in a future release/);
1061 $class->_register_plugin( $plugin, 1 );
1063 eval { $plugin->import };
1064 $class->mk_classdata($name);
1066 eval { $obj = $plugin->new(@args) };
1069 Catalyst::Exception->throw( message =>
1070 qq/Couldn't instantiate instant plugin "$plugin", "$@"/ );
1073 $class->$name($obj);
1074 $class->log->debug(qq/Initialized instant plugin "$plugin" as "$name"/)
1080 Initializes the dispatcher and engine, loads any plugins, and loads the
1081 model, view, and controller components. You may also specify an array
1082 of plugins to load here, if you choose to not load them in the C<use
1086 MyApp->setup( qw/-Debug/ );
1088 B<Note:> You B<should not> wrap this method with method modifiers
1089 or bad things will happen - wrap the C<setup_finalize> method instead.
1094 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
1095 croak('Running setup more than once')
1096 if ( $class->setup_finished );
1098 unless ( $class->isa('Catalyst') ) {
1100 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
1101 message => qq/'$class' does not inherit from Catalyst/ );
1104 if ( $class->arguments ) {
1105 @arguments = ( @arguments, @{ $class->arguments } );
1111 foreach (@arguments) {
1115 ( $flags->{log} ) ? 'debug,' . $flags->{log} : 'debug';
1117 elsif (/^-(\w+)=?(.*)$/) {
1118 $flags->{ lc $1 } = $2;
1121 push @{ $flags->{plugins} }, $_;
1125 $class->setup_home( delete $flags->{home} );
1127 $class->setup_log( delete $flags->{log} );
1128 $class->setup_plugins( delete $flags->{plugins} );
1129 $class->setup_middleware();
1130 $class->setup_data_handlers();
1131 $class->setup_dispatcher( delete $flags->{dispatcher} );
1132 if (my $engine = delete $flags->{engine}) {
1133 $class->log->warn("Specifying the engine in ->setup is no longer supported, see Catalyst::Upgrading");
1135 $class->setup_engine();
1136 $class->setup_stats( delete $flags->{stats} );
1138 for my $flag ( sort keys %{$flags} ) {
1140 if ( my $code = $class->can( 'setup_' . $flag ) ) {
1141 &$code( $class, delete $flags->{$flag} );
1144 $class->log->warn(qq/Unknown flag "$flag"/);
1148 eval { require Catalyst::Devel; };
1149 if( !$@ && $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} && ( $ENV{CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN} < $Catalyst::Devel::CATALYST_SCRIPT_GEN ) ) {
1150 $class->log->warn(<<"EOF");
1151 You are running an old script!
1153 Please update by running (this will overwrite existing files):
1154 catalyst.pl -force -scripts $class
1156 or (this will not overwrite existing files):
1157 catalyst.pl -scripts $class
1162 # Call plugins setup, this is stupid and evil.
1163 # Also screws C3 badly on 5.10, hack to avoid.
1165 no warnings qw/redefine/;
1166 local *setup = sub { };
1167 $class->setup unless $Catalyst::__AM_RESTARTING;
1170 # Initialize our data structure
1171 $class->components( {} );
1173 $class->setup_components;
1175 if ( $class->debug ) {
1176 my @plugins = map { "$_ " . ( $_->VERSION || '' ) } $class->registered_plugins;
1179 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 6;
1180 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new($column_width);
1181 $t->row($_) for @plugins;
1182 $class->log->debug( "Loaded plugins:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" );
1185 my @middleware = map {
1188 (ref($_) .' '. ($_->can('VERSION') ? $_->VERSION || '' : '')
1189 || '') } $class->registered_middlewares;
1192 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 6;
1193 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new($column_width);
1194 $t->row($_) for @middleware;
1195 $class->log->debug( "Loaded PSGI Middleware:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" );
1198 my %dh = $class->registered_data_handlers;
1199 if (my @data_handlers = keys %dh) {
1200 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 6;
1201 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new($column_width);
1202 $t->row($_) for @data_handlers;
1203 $class->log->debug( "Loaded Request Data Handlers:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" );
1206 my $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher;
1207 my $engine = $class->engine;
1208 my $home = $class->config->{home};
1210 $class->log->debug(sprintf(q/Loaded dispatcher "%s"/, blessed($dispatcher)));
1211 $class->log->debug(sprintf(q/Loaded engine "%s"/, blessed($engine)));
1215 ? $class->log->debug(qq/Found home "$home"/)
1216 : $class->log->debug(qq/Home "$home" doesn't exist/)
1217 : $class->log->debug(q/Couldn't find home/);
1219 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 8 - 9;
1220 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ $column_width, 'Class' ], [ 8, 'Type' ] );
1221 for my $comp ( sort keys %{ $class->components } ) {
1222 my $type = ref $class->components->{$comp} ? 'instance' : 'class';
1223 $t->row( $comp, $type );
1225 $class->log->debug( "Loaded components:\n" . $t->draw . "\n" )
1226 if ( keys %{ $class->components } );
1229 # Add our self to components, since we are also a component
1230 if( $class->isa('Catalyst::Controller') ){
1231 $class->components->{$class} = $class;
1234 $class->setup_actions;
1236 if ( $class->debug ) {
1237 my $name = $class->config->{name} || 'Application';
1238 $class->log->info("$name powered by Catalyst $Catalyst::VERSION");
1241 if ($class->config->{case_sensitive}) {
1242 $class->log->warn($class . "->config->{case_sensitive} is set.");
1243 $class->log->warn("This setting is deprecated and planned to be removed in Catalyst 5.81.");
1246 $class->setup_finalize;
1247 # Should be the last thing we do so that user things hooking
1248 # setup_finalize can log..
1249 $class->log->_flush() if $class->log->can('_flush');
1250 return 1; # Explicit return true as people have __PACKAGE__->setup as the last thing in their class. HATE.
1253 =head2 $app->setup_finalize
1255 A hook to attach modifiers to. This method does not do anything except set the
1256 C<setup_finished> accessor.
1258 Applying method modifiers to the C<setup> method doesn't work, because of quirky things done for plugin setup.
1262 after setup_finalize => sub {
1270 sub setup_finalize {
1272 $class->setup_finished(1);
1275 =head2 $c->uri_for( $path?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1277 =head2 $c->uri_for( $action, \@captures?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1279 Constructs an absolute L<URI> object based on the application root, the
1280 provided path, and the additional arguments and query parameters provided.
1281 When used as a string, provides a textual URI. If you need more flexibility
1282 than this (i.e. the option to provide relative URIs etc.) see
1283 L<Catalyst::Plugin::SmartURI>.
1285 If no arguments are provided, the URI for the current action is returned.
1286 To return the current action and also provide @args, use
1287 C<< $c->uri_for( $c->action, @args ) >>.
1289 If the first argument is a string, it is taken as a public URI path relative
1290 to C<< $c->namespace >> (if it doesn't begin with a forward slash) or
1291 relative to the application root (if it does). It is then merged with
1292 C<< $c->request->base >>; any C<@args> are appended as additional path
1293 components; and any C<%query_values> are appended as C<?foo=bar> parameters.
1295 If the first argument is a L<Catalyst::Action> it represents an action which
1296 will have its path resolved using C<< $c->dispatcher->uri_for_action >>. The
1297 optional C<\@captures> argument (an arrayref) allows passing the captured
1298 variables that are needed to fill in the paths of Chained and Regex actions;
1299 once the path is resolved, C<uri_for> continues as though a path was
1300 provided, appending any arguments or parameters and creating an absolute
1303 The captures for the current request can be found in
1304 C<< $c->request->captures >>, and actions can be resolved using
1305 C<< Catalyst::Controller->action_for($name) >>. If you have a private action
1306 path, use C<< $c->uri_for_action >> instead.
1308 # Equivalent to $c->req->uri
1309 $c->uri_for($c->action, $c->req->captures,
1310 @{ $c->req->args }, $c->req->params);
1312 # For the Foo action in the Bar controller
1313 $c->uri_for($c->controller('Bar')->action_for('Foo'));
1315 # Path to a static resource
1316 $c->uri_for('/static/images/logo.png');
1321 my ( $c, $path, @args ) = @_;
1323 if ( $path->$_isa('Catalyst::Controller') ) {
1324 $path = $path->path_prefix;
1329 undef($path) if (defined $path && $path eq '');
1332 ( scalar @args && ref $args[$#args] eq 'HASH' ? pop @args : {} );
1334 carp "uri_for called with undef argument" if grep { ! defined $_ } @args;
1335 foreach my $arg (@args) {
1336 utf8::encode($arg) if utf8::is_utf8($arg);
1337 $arg =~ s/([^$URI::uric])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1340 if ( $path->$_isa('Catalyst::Action') ) { # action object
1341 s|/|%2F|g for @args;
1342 my $captures = [ map { s|/|%2F|g; $_; }
1343 ( scalar @args && ref $args[0] eq 'ARRAY'
1347 foreach my $capture (@$captures) {
1348 utf8::encode($capture) if utf8::is_utf8($capture);
1349 $capture =~ s/([^$URI::uric])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1353 # ->uri_for( $action, \@captures_and_args, \%query_values? )
1354 if( !@args && $action->number_of_args ) {
1355 my $expanded_action = $c->dispatcher->expand_action( $action );
1357 my $num_captures = $expanded_action->number_of_captures;
1358 unshift @args, splice @$captures, $num_captures;
1361 $path = $c->dispatcher->uri_for_action($action, $captures);
1362 if (not defined $path) {
1363 $c->log->debug(qq/Can't find uri_for action '$action' @$captures/)
1367 $path = '/' if $path eq '';
1370 unshift(@args, $path);
1372 unless (defined $path && $path =~ s!^/!!) { # in-place strip
1373 my $namespace = $c->namespace;
1374 if (defined $path) { # cheesy hack to handle path '../foo'
1375 $namespace =~ s{(?:^|/)[^/]+$}{} while $args[0] =~ s{^\.\./}{};
1377 unshift(@args, $namespace || '');
1380 # join args with '/', or a blank string
1381 my $args = join('/', grep { defined($_) } @args);
1382 $args =~ s/\?/%3F/g; # STUPID STUPID SPECIAL CASE
1385 my ($base, $class) = ('/', 'URI::_generic');
1387 $base = $c->req->base;
1388 $class = ref($base);
1389 $base =~ s{(?<!/)$}{/};
1394 if (my @keys = keys %$params) {
1395 # somewhat lifted from URI::_query's query_form
1396 $query = '?'.join('&', map {
1397 my $val = $params->{$_};
1398 s/([;\/?:@&=+,\$\[\]%])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1401 $val = '' unless defined $val;
1404 utf8::encode( $param ) if utf8::is_utf8($param);
1405 # using the URI::Escape pattern here so utf8 chars survive
1406 $param =~ s/([^A-Za-z0-9\-_.!~*'() ])/$URI::Escape::escapes{$1}/go;
1408 "${key}=$param"; } ( ref $val eq 'ARRAY' ? @$val : $val ));
1412 my $res = bless(\"${base}${args}${query}", $class);
1416 =head2 $c->uri_for_action( $path, \@captures_and_args?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1418 =head2 $c->uri_for_action( $action, \@captures_and_args?, @args?, \%query_values? )
1424 A private path to the Catalyst action you want to create a URI for.
1426 This is a shortcut for calling C<< $c->dispatcher->get_action_by_path($path)
1427 >> and passing the resulting C<$action> and the remaining arguments to C<<
1430 You can also pass in a Catalyst::Action object, in which case it is passed to
1433 Note that although the path looks like a URI that dispatches to the wanted action, it is not a URI, but an internal path to that action.
1435 For example, if the action looks like:
1437 package MyApp::Controller::Users;
1439 sub lst : Path('the-list') {}
1443 $c->uri_for_action('/users/lst')
1445 and it will create the URI /users/the-list.
1447 =item \@captures_and_args?
1449 Optional array reference of Captures (i.e. C<<CaptureArgs or $c->req->captures>)
1450 and arguments to the request. Usually used with L<Catalyst::DispatchType::Chained>
1451 to interpolate all the parameters in the URI.
1455 Optional list of extra arguments - can be supplied in the
1456 C<< \@captures_and_args? >> array ref, or here - whichever is easier for your
1459 Your action can have zero, a fixed or a variable number of args (e.g.
1460 C<< Args(1) >> for a fixed number or C<< Args() >> for a variable number)..
1462 =item \%query_values?
1464 Optional array reference of query parameters to append. E.g.
1470 /rest/of/your/uri?foo=bar
1476 sub uri_for_action {
1477 my ( $c, $path, @args ) = @_;
1478 my $action = blessed($path)
1480 : $c->dispatcher->get_action_by_path($path);
1481 unless (defined $action) {
1482 croak "Can't find action for path '$path'";
1484 return $c->uri_for( $action, @args );
1487 =head2 $c->welcome_message
1489 Returns the Catalyst welcome HTML page.
1493 sub welcome_message {
1495 my $name = $c->config->{name};
1496 my $logo = $c->uri_for('/static/images/catalyst_logo.png');
1497 my $prefix = Catalyst::Utils::appprefix( ref $c );
1498 $c->response->content_type('text/html; charset=utf-8');
1500 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
1501 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
1502 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
1504 <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en" />
1505 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
1506 <title>$name on Catalyst $VERSION</title>
1507 <style type="text/css">
1510 background-color: #eee;
1517 margin-bottom: 10px;
1519 background-color: #ccc;
1520 border: 1px solid #aaa;
1525 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
1528 font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif;
1531 text-decoration: none;
1533 border-bottom: 1px dotted #bbb;
1535 :link:hover, :visited:hover {
1548 background-color: #fff;
1549 border: 1px solid #aaa;
1553 font-weight: normal;
1575 <h1><span id="appname">$name</span> on <a href="http://catalyst.perl.org">Catalyst</a>
1580 <img src="$logo" alt="Catalyst Logo" />
1582 <p>Welcome to the world of Catalyst.
1583 This <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MVC">MVC</a>
1584 framework will make web development something you had
1585 never expected it to be: Fun, rewarding, and quick.</p>
1586 <h2>What to do now?</h2>
1587 <p>That really depends on what <b>you</b> want to do.
1588 We do, however, provide you with a few starting points.</p>
1589 <p>If you want to jump right into web development with Catalyst
1590 you might want to start with a tutorial.</p>
1591 <pre>perldoc <a href="https://metacpan.org/module/Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial">Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial</a></code>
1593 <p>Afterwards you can go on to check out a more complete look at our features.</p>
1595 <code>perldoc <a href="https://metacpan.org/module/Catalyst::Manual::Intro">Catalyst::Manual::Intro</a>
1596 <!-- Something else should go here, but the Catalyst::Manual link seems unhelpful -->
1598 <h2>What to do next?</h2>
1599 <p>Next it's time to write an actual application. Use the
1600 helper scripts to generate <a href="https://metacpan.org/search?q=Catalyst%3A%3AController">controllers</a>,
1601 <a href="https://metacpan.org/search?q=Catalyst%3A%3AModel">models</a>, and
1602 <a href="https://metacpan.org/search?q=Catalyst%3A%3AView">views</a>;
1603 they can save you a lot of work.</p>
1604 <pre><code>script/${prefix}_create.pl --help</code></pre>
1605 <p>Also, be sure to check out the vast and growing
1606 collection of <a href="http://search.cpan.org/search?query=Catalyst">plugins for Catalyst on CPAN</a>;
1607 you are likely to find what you need there.
1611 <p>Catalyst has a very active community. Here are the main places to
1612 get in touch with us.</p>
1615 <a href="http://dev.catalyst.perl.org">Wiki</a>
1618 <a href="http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst">Mailing-List</a>
1621 <a href="irc://irc.perl.org/catalyst">IRC channel #catalyst on irc.perl.org</a>
1624 <h2>In conclusion</h2>
1625 <p>The Catalyst team hopes you will enjoy using Catalyst as much
1626 as we enjoyed making it. Please contact us if you have ideas
1627 for improvement or other feedback.</p>
1637 Contains a hash of options passed from the application script, including
1638 the original ARGV the script received, the processed values from that
1639 ARGV and any extra arguments to the script which were not processed.
1641 This can be used to add custom options to your application's scripts
1642 and setup your application differently depending on the values of these
1645 =head1 INTERNAL METHODS
1647 These methods are not meant to be used by end users.
1649 =head2 $c->components
1651 Returns a hash of components.
1653 =head2 $c->context_class
1655 Returns or sets the context class.
1659 Returns a hashref containing coderefs and execution counts (needed for
1660 deep recursion detection).
1664 Returns the number of actions on the current internal execution stack.
1668 Dispatches a request to actions.
1672 sub dispatch { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->dispatch( $c, @_ ) }
1674 =head2 $c->dispatcher_class
1676 Returns or sets the dispatcher class.
1678 =head2 $c->dump_these
1680 Returns a list of 2-element array references (name, structure) pairs
1681 that will be dumped on the error page in debug mode.
1687 [ Request => $c->req ],
1688 [ Response => $c->res ],
1689 [ Stash => $c->stash ],
1690 [ Config => $c->config ];
1693 =head2 $c->engine_class
1695 Returns or sets the engine class.
1697 =head2 $c->execute( $class, $coderef )
1699 Execute a coderef in given class and catch exceptions. Errors are available
1705 my ( $c, $class, $code ) = @_;
1706 $class = $c->component($class) || $class;
1709 if ( $c->depth >= $RECURSION ) {
1710 my $action = $code->reverse();
1711 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /->/;
1712 my $error = qq/Deep recursion detected calling "${action}"/;
1713 $c->log->error($error);
1719 my $stats_info = $c->_stats_start_execute( $code ) if $c->use_stats;
1721 push( @{ $c->stack }, $code );
1723 no warnings 'recursion';
1724 # N.B. This used to be combined, but I have seen $c get clobbered if so, and
1725 # I have no idea how, ergo $ret (which appears to fix the issue)
1726 eval { my $ret = $code->execute( $class, $c, @{ $c->req->args } ) || 0; $c->state( $ret ) };
1728 $c->_stats_finish_execute( $stats_info ) if $c->use_stats and $stats_info;
1730 my $last = pop( @{ $c->stack } );
1732 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
1733 if ( blessed($error) and $error->isa('Catalyst::Exception::Detach') ) {
1734 $error->rethrow if $c->depth > 1;
1736 elsif ( blessed($error) and $error->isa('Catalyst::Exception::Go') ) {
1737 $error->rethrow if $c->depth > 0;
1740 unless ( ref $error ) {
1741 no warnings 'uninitialized';
1743 my $class = $last->class;
1744 my $name = $last->name;
1745 $error = qq/Caught exception in $class->$name "$error"/;
1754 sub _stats_start_execute {
1755 my ( $c, $code ) = @_;
1756 my $appclass = ref($c) || $c;
1757 return if ( ( $code->name =~ /^_.*/ )
1758 && ( !$appclass->config->{show_internal_actions} ) );
1760 my $action_name = $code->reverse();
1761 $c->counter->{$action_name}++;
1763 my $action = $action_name;
1764 $action = "/$action" unless $action =~ /->/;
1766 # determine if the call was the result of a forward
1767 # this is done by walking up the call stack and looking for a calling
1768 # sub of Catalyst::forward before the eval
1770 for my $index ( 2 .. 11 ) {
1772 if ( ( caller($index) )[0] eq 'Catalyst'
1773 && ( caller($index) )[3] eq '(eval)' );
1775 if ( ( caller($index) )[3] =~ /forward$/ ) {
1776 $callsub = ( caller($index) )[3];
1777 $action = "-> $action";
1782 my $uid = $action_name . $c->counter->{$action_name};
1784 # is this a root-level call or a forwarded call?
1785 if ( $callsub =~ /forward$/ ) {
1786 my $parent = $c->stack->[-1];
1788 # forward, locate the caller
1789 if ( defined $parent && exists $c->counter->{"$parent"} ) {
1792 parent => "$parent" . $c->counter->{"$parent"},
1798 # forward with no caller may come from a plugin
1817 sub _stats_finish_execute {
1818 my ( $c, $info ) = @_;
1819 $c->stats->profile( end => $info );
1824 Finalizes the request.
1831 for my $error ( @{ $c->error } ) {
1832 $c->log->error($error);
1835 # Support skipping finalize for psgix.io style 'jailbreak'. Used to support
1836 # stuff like cometd and websockets
1838 if($c->request->_has_io_fh) {
1843 # Allow engine to handle finalize flow (for POE)
1844 my $engine = $c->engine;
1845 if ( my $code = $engine->can('finalize') ) {
1850 $c->finalize_uploads;
1853 if ( $#{ $c->error } >= 0 ) {
1857 $c->finalize_headers unless $c->response->finalized_headers;
1860 if ( $c->request->method eq 'HEAD' ) {
1861 $c->response->body('');
1869 if ($c->use_stats) {
1870 my $elapsed = $c->stats->elapsed;
1871 my $av = $elapsed == 0 ? '??' : sprintf '%.3f', 1 / $elapsed;
1873 "Request took ${elapsed}s ($av/s)\n" . $c->stats->report . "\n" );
1876 return $c->response->status;
1879 =head2 $c->finalize_body
1885 sub finalize_body { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_body( $c, @_ ) }
1887 =head2 $c->finalize_cookies
1893 sub finalize_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_cookies( $c, @_ ) }
1895 =head2 $c->finalize_error
1901 sub finalize_error { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_error( $c, @_ ) }
1903 =head2 $c->finalize_headers
1909 sub finalize_headers {
1912 my $response = $c->response; #accessor calls can add up?
1914 # Check if we already finalized headers
1915 return if $response->finalized_headers;
1918 if ( my $location = $response->redirect ) {
1919 $c->log->debug(qq/Redirecting to "$location"/) if $c->debug;
1920 $response->header( Location => $location );
1922 if ( !$response->has_body ) {
1923 # Add a default body if none is already present
1924 my $encoded_location = encode_entities($location);
1925 $response->body(<<"EOF");
1926 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
1927 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
1929 <title>Moved</title>
1932 <p>This item has moved <a href="$encoded_location">here</a>.</p>
1936 $response->content_type('text/html; charset=utf-8');
1941 if ( defined $response->body && length $response->body && !$response->content_length ) {
1943 # get the length from a filehandle
1944 if ( blessed( $response->body ) && $response->body->can('read') || ref( $response->body ) eq 'GLOB' )
1946 my $size = -s $response->body;
1948 $response->content_length( $size );
1951 $c->log->warn('Serving filehandle without a content-length');
1955 # everything should be bytes at this point, but just in case
1956 $response->content_length( length( $response->body ) );
1961 if ( $response->status =~ /^(1\d\d|[23]04)$/ ) {
1962 $response->headers->remove_header("Content-Length");
1963 $response->body('');
1966 $c->finalize_cookies;
1968 $c->response->finalize_headers();
1971 $response->finalized_headers(1);
1974 =head2 $c->finalize_output
1976 An alias for finalize_body.
1978 =head2 $c->finalize_read
1980 Finalizes the input after reading is complete.
1984 sub finalize_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_read( $c, @_ ) }
1986 =head2 $c->finalize_uploads
1988 Finalizes uploads. Cleans up any temporary files.
1992 sub finalize_uploads { my $c = shift; $c->engine->finalize_uploads( $c, @_ ) }
1994 =head2 $c->get_action( $action, $namespace )
1996 Gets an action in a given namespace.
2000 sub get_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_action(@_) }
2002 =head2 $c->get_actions( $action, $namespace )
2004 Gets all actions of a given name in a namespace and all parent
2009 sub get_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->get_actions( $c, @_ ) }
2011 =head2 $app->handle_request( @arguments )
2013 Called to handle each HTTP request.
2017 sub handle_request {
2018 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
2020 # Always expect worst case!
2023 if ($class->debug) {
2024 my $secs = time - $START || 1;
2025 my $av = sprintf '%.3f', $COUNT / $secs;
2026 my $time = localtime time;
2027 $class->log->info("*** Request $COUNT ($av/s) [$$] [$time] ***");
2030 my $c = $class->prepare(@arguments);
2032 $status = $c->finalize;
2035 chomp(my $error = $_);
2036 $class->log->error(qq/Caught exception in engine "$error"/);
2041 if(my $coderef = $class->log->can('_flush')){
2042 $class->log->$coderef();
2047 =head2 $class->prepare( @arguments )
2049 Creates a Catalyst context from an engine-specific request (Apache, CGI,
2056 predicate => '_has_uploadtmp',
2060 my ( $class, @arguments ) = @_;
2063 # After the app/ctxt split, this should become an attribute based on something passed
2064 # into the application.
2065 $class->context_class( ref $class || $class ) unless $class->context_class;
2067 my $uploadtmp = $class->config->{uploadtmp};
2068 my $c = $class->context_class->new({ $uploadtmp ? (_uploadtmp => $uploadtmp) : ()});
2070 $c->response->_context($c);
2072 #surely this is not the most efficient way to do things...
2073 $c->stats($class->stats_class->new)->enable($c->use_stats);
2074 if ( $c->debug || $c->config->{enable_catalyst_header} ) {
2075 $c->res->headers->header( 'X-Catalyst' => $Catalyst::VERSION );
2079 # Allow engine to direct the prepare flow (for POE)
2080 if ( my $prepare = $c->engine->can('prepare') ) {
2081 $c->engine->$prepare( $c, @arguments );
2084 $c->prepare_request(@arguments);
2085 $c->prepare_connection;
2086 $c->prepare_query_parameters;
2087 $c->prepare_headers; # Just hooks, no longer needed - they just
2088 $c->prepare_cookies; # cause the lazy attribute on req to build
2091 # Prepare the body for reading, either by prepare_body
2092 # or the user, if they are using $c->read
2095 # Parse the body unless the user wants it on-demand
2096 unless ( ref($c)->config->{parse_on_demand} ) {
2102 # VERY ugly and probably shouldn't rely on ->finalize actually working
2104 # failed prepare is always due to an invalid request, right?
2105 $c->response->status(400);
2106 $c->response->content_type('text/plain');
2107 $c->response->body('Bad Request');
2108 # Note we call finalize and then die here, which escapes
2109 # finalize being called in the enclosing block..
2110 # It in fact couldn't be called, as we don't return $c..
2111 # This is a mess - but I'm unsure you can fix this without
2112 # breaking compat for people doing crazy things (we should set
2113 # the 400 and just return the ctx here IMO, letting finalize get called
2124 =head2 $c->prepare_action
2126 Prepares action. See L<Catalyst::Dispatcher>.
2130 sub prepare_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->prepare_action( $c, @_ ) }
2132 =head2 $c->prepare_body
2134 Prepares message body.
2141 return if $c->request->_has_body;
2143 # Initialize on-demand data
2144 $c->engine->prepare_body( $c, @_ );
2145 $c->prepare_parameters;
2146 $c->prepare_uploads;
2149 =head2 $c->prepare_body_chunk( $chunk )
2151 Prepares a chunk of data before sending it to L<HTTP::Body>.
2153 See L<Catalyst::Engine>.
2157 sub prepare_body_chunk {
2159 $c->engine->prepare_body_chunk( $c, @_ );
2162 =head2 $c->prepare_body_parameters
2164 Prepares body parameters.
2168 sub prepare_body_parameters {
2170 $c->engine->prepare_body_parameters( $c, @_ );
2173 =head2 $c->prepare_connection
2175 Prepares connection.
2179 sub prepare_connection {
2181 # XXX - This is called on the engine (not the request) to maintain
2182 # Engine::PSGI back compat.
2183 $c->engine->prepare_connection($c);
2186 =head2 $c->prepare_cookies
2188 Prepares cookies by ensuring that the attribute on the request
2189 object has been built.
2193 sub prepare_cookies { my $c = shift; $c->request->cookies }
2195 =head2 $c->prepare_headers
2197 Prepares request headers by ensuring that the attribute on the request
2198 object has been built.
2202 sub prepare_headers { my $c = shift; $c->request->headers }
2204 =head2 $c->prepare_parameters
2206 Prepares parameters.
2210 sub prepare_parameters {
2212 $c->prepare_body_parameters;
2213 $c->engine->prepare_parameters( $c, @_ );
2216 =head2 $c->prepare_path
2218 Prepares path and base.
2222 sub prepare_path { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_path( $c, @_ ) }
2224 =head2 $c->prepare_query_parameters
2226 Prepares query parameters.
2230 sub prepare_query_parameters {
2233 $c->engine->prepare_query_parameters( $c, @_ );
2236 =head2 $c->log_request
2238 Writes information about the request to the debug logs. This includes:
2242 =item * Request method, path, and remote IP address
2244 =item * Query keywords (see L<Catalyst::Request/query_keywords>)
2246 =item * Request parameters
2248 =item * File uploads
2257 return unless $c->debug;
2259 my($dump) = grep {$_->[0] eq 'Request' } $c->dump_these;
2260 my $request = $dump->[1];
2262 my ( $method, $path, $address ) = ( $request->method, $request->path, $request->address );
2264 $path = '/' unless length $path;
2266 $c->log->debug(qq/"$method" request for "$path" from "$address"/);
2268 $c->log_request_headers($request->headers);
2270 if ( my $keywords = $request->query_keywords ) {
2271 $c->log->debug("Query keywords are: $keywords");
2274 $c->log_request_parameters( query => $request->query_parameters, $request->_has_body ? (body => $request->body_parameters) : () );
2276 $c->log_request_uploads($request);
2279 =head2 $c->log_response
2281 Writes information about the response to the debug logs by calling
2282 C<< $c->log_response_status_line >> and C<< $c->log_response_headers >>.
2289 return unless $c->debug;
2291 my($dump) = grep {$_->[0] eq 'Response' } $c->dump_these;
2292 my $response = $dump->[1];
2294 $c->log_response_status_line($response);
2295 $c->log_response_headers($response->headers);
2298 =head2 $c->log_response_status_line($response)
2300 Writes one line of information about the response to the debug logs. This includes:
2304 =item * Response status code
2306 =item * Content-Type header (if present)
2308 =item * Content-Length header (if present)
2314 sub log_response_status_line {
2315 my ($c, $response) = @_;
2319 'Response Code: %s; Content-Type: %s; Content-Length: %s',
2320 $response->status || 'unknown',
2321 $response->headers->header('Content-Type') || 'unknown',
2322 $response->headers->header('Content-Length') || 'unknown'
2327 =head2 $c->log_response_headers($headers);
2329 Hook method which can be wrapped by plugins to log the response headers.
2330 No-op in the default implementation.
2334 sub log_response_headers {}
2336 =head2 $c->log_request_parameters( query => {}, body => {} )
2338 Logs request parameters to debug logs
2342 sub log_request_parameters {
2344 my %all_params = @_;
2346 return unless $c->debug;
2348 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 44;
2349 foreach my $type (qw(query body)) {
2350 my $params = $all_params{$type};
2351 next if ! keys %$params;
2352 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 35, 'Parameter' ], [ $column_width, 'Value' ] );
2353 for my $key ( sort keys %$params ) {
2354 my $param = $params->{$key};
2355 my $value = defined($param) ? $param : '';
2356 $t->row( $key, ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ? ( join ', ', @$value ) : $value );
2358 $c->log->debug( ucfirst($type) . " Parameters are:\n" . $t->draw );
2362 =head2 $c->log_request_uploads
2364 Logs file uploads included in the request to the debug logs.
2365 The parameter name, filename, file type, and file size are all included in
2370 sub log_request_uploads {
2372 my $request = shift;
2373 return unless $c->debug;
2374 my $uploads = $request->uploads;
2375 if ( keys %$uploads ) {
2376 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new(
2377 [ 12, 'Parameter' ],
2382 for my $key ( sort keys %$uploads ) {
2383 my $upload = $uploads->{$key};
2384 for my $u ( ref $upload eq 'ARRAY' ? @{$upload} : ($upload) ) {
2385 $t->row( $key, $u->filename, $u->type, $u->size );
2388 $c->log->debug( "File Uploads are:\n" . $t->draw );
2392 =head2 $c->log_request_headers($headers);
2394 Hook method which can be wrapped by plugins to log the request headers.
2395 No-op in the default implementation.
2399 sub log_request_headers {}
2401 =head2 $c->log_headers($type => $headers)
2403 Logs L<HTTP::Headers> (either request or response) to the debug logs.
2410 my $headers = shift; # an HTTP::Headers instance
2412 return unless $c->debug;
2414 my $column_width = Catalyst::Utils::term_width() - 28;
2415 my $t = Text::SimpleTable->new( [ 15, 'Header Name' ], [ $column_width, 'Value' ] );
2418 my ( $name, $value ) = @_;
2419 $t->row( $name, $value );
2422 $c->log->debug( ucfirst($type) . " Headers:\n" . $t->draw );
2426 =head2 $c->prepare_read
2428 Prepares the input for reading.
2432 sub prepare_read { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_read( $c, @_ ) }
2434 =head2 $c->prepare_request
2436 Prepares the engine request.
2440 sub prepare_request { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_request( $c, @_ ) }
2442 =head2 $c->prepare_uploads
2448 sub prepare_uploads {
2451 $c->engine->prepare_uploads( $c, @_ );
2454 =head2 $c->prepare_write
2456 Prepares the output for writing.
2460 sub prepare_write { my $c = shift; $c->engine->prepare_write( $c, @_ ) }
2462 =head2 $c->request_class
2464 Returns or sets the request class. Defaults to L<Catalyst::Request>.
2466 =head2 $c->response_class
2468 Returns or sets the response class. Defaults to L<Catalyst::Response>.
2470 =head2 $c->read( [$maxlength] )
2472 Reads a chunk of data from the request body. This method is designed to
2473 be used in a while loop, reading C<$maxlength> bytes on every call.
2474 C<$maxlength> defaults to the size of the request if not specified.
2476 You have to set C<< MyApp->config(parse_on_demand => 1) >> to use this
2479 Warning: If you use read(), Catalyst will not process the body,
2480 so you will not be able to access POST parameters or file uploads via
2481 $c->request. You must handle all body parsing yourself.
2485 sub read { my $c = shift; return $c->request->read( @_ ) }
2495 $app->_make_immutable_if_needed;
2496 $app->engine_loader->needs_psgi_engine_compat_hack ?
2497 $app->engine->run($app, @_) :
2498 $app->engine->run( $app, $app->_finalized_psgi_app, @_ );
2501 sub _make_immutable_if_needed {
2503 my $meta = find_meta($class);
2504 my $isa_ca = $class->isa('Class::Accessor::Fast') || $class->isa('Class::Accessor');
2507 && ! { $meta->immutable_options }->{replace_constructor}
2510 warn("You made your application class ($class) immutable, "
2511 . "but did not inline the\nconstructor. "
2512 . "This will break catalyst, as your app \@ISA "
2513 . "Class::Accessor(::Fast)?\nPlease pass "
2514 . "(replace_constructor => 1)\nwhen making your class immutable.\n");
2516 unless ($meta->is_immutable) {
2517 # XXX - FIXME warning here as you should make your app immutable yourself.
2518 $meta->make_immutable(
2519 replace_constructor => 1,
2524 =head2 $c->set_action( $action, $code, $namespace, $attrs )
2526 Sets an action in a given namespace.
2530 sub set_action { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->set_action( $c, @_ ) }
2532 =head2 $c->setup_actions($component)
2534 Sets up actions for a component.
2538 sub setup_actions { my $c = shift; $c->dispatcher->setup_actions( $c, @_ ) }
2540 =head2 $c->setup_components
2542 This method is called internally to set up the application's components.
2544 It finds modules by calling the L<locate_components> method, expands them to
2545 package names with the L<expand_component_module> method, and then installs
2546 each component into the application.
2548 The C<setup_components> config option is passed to both of the above methods.
2550 Installation of each component is performed by the L<setup_component> method,
2555 sub setup_components {
2558 my $config = $class->config->{ setup_components };
2560 my @comps = $class->locate_components($config);
2561 my %comps = map { $_ => 1 } @comps;
2563 my $deprecatedcatalyst_component_names = grep { /::[CMV]::/ } @comps;
2564 $class->log->warn(qq{Your application is using the deprecated ::[MVC]:: type naming scheme.\n}.
2565 qq{Please switch your class names to ::Model::, ::View:: and ::Controller: as appropriate.\n}
2566 ) if $deprecatedcatalyst_component_names;
2568 for my $component ( @comps ) {
2570 # We pass ignore_loaded here so that overlay files for (e.g.)
2571 # Model::DBI::Schema sub-classes are loaded - if it's in @comps
2572 # we know M::P::O found a file on disk so this is safe
2574 Catalyst::Utils::ensure_class_loaded( $component, { ignore_loaded => 1 } );
2577 for my $component (@comps) {
2578 my $instance = $class->components->{ $component } = $class->setup_component($component);
2579 my @expanded_components = $instance->can('expand_modules')
2580 ? $instance->expand_modules( $component, $config )
2581 : $class->expand_component_module( $component, $config );
2582 for my $component (@expanded_components) {
2583 next if $comps{$component};
2584 $class->components->{ $component } = $class->setup_component($component);
2589 =head2 $c->locate_components( $setup_component_config )
2591 This method is meant to provide a list of component modules that should be
2592 setup for the application. By default, it will use L<Module::Pluggable>.
2594 Specify a C<setup_components> config option to pass additional options directly
2595 to L<Module::Pluggable>. To add additional search paths, specify a key named
2596 C<search_extra> as an array reference. Items in the array beginning with C<::>
2597 will have the application class name prepended to them.
2601 sub locate_components {
2605 my @paths = qw( ::Controller ::C ::Model ::M ::View ::V );
2606 my $extra = delete $config->{ search_extra } || [];
2608 push @paths, @$extra;
2610 my $locator = Module::Pluggable::Object->new(
2611 search_path => [ map { s/^(?=::)/$class/; $_; } @paths ],
2615 # XXX think about ditching this sort entirely
2616 my @comps = sort { length $a <=> length $b } $locator->plugins;
2621 =head2 $c->expand_component_module( $component, $setup_component_config )
2623 Components found by C<locate_components> will be passed to this method, which
2624 is expected to return a list of component (package) names to be set up.
2628 sub expand_component_module {
2629 my ($class, $module) = @_;
2630 return Devel::InnerPackage::list_packages( $module );
2633 =head2 $c->setup_component
2637 sub setup_component {
2638 my( $class, $component ) = @_;
2640 unless ( $component->can( 'COMPONENT' ) ) {
2644 my $suffix = Catalyst::Utils::class2classsuffix( $component );
2645 my $config = $class->config->{ $suffix } || {};
2646 # Stash catalyst_component_name in the config here, so that custom COMPONENT
2647 # methods also pass it. local to avoid pointlessly shitting in config
2648 # for the debug screen, as $component is already the key name.
2649 local $config->{catalyst_component_name} = $component;
2651 my $instance = eval { $component->COMPONENT( $class, $config ); };
2653 if ( my $error = $@ ) {
2655 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
2656 message => qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", "$error"/
2660 unless (blessed $instance) {
2661 my $metaclass = Moose::Util::find_meta($component);
2662 my $method_meta = $metaclass->find_method_by_name('COMPONENT');
2663 my $component_method_from = $method_meta->associated_metaclass->name;
2664 my $value = defined($instance) ? $instance : 'undef';
2665 Catalyst::Exception->throw(
2667 qq/Couldn't instantiate component "$component", COMPONENT() method (from $component_method_from) didn't return an object-like value (value was $value)./
2673 =head2 $c->setup_dispatcher
2679 sub setup_dispatcher {
2680 my ( $class, $dispatcher ) = @_;
2683 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $dispatcher;
2686 if ( my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'DISPATCHER' ) ) {
2687 $dispatcher = 'Catalyst::Dispatcher::' . $env;
2690 unless ($dispatcher) {
2691 $dispatcher = $class->dispatcher_class;
2694 load_class($dispatcher);
2696 # dispatcher instance
2697 $class->dispatcher( $dispatcher->new );
2700 =head2 $c->setup_engine
2707 my ($class, $requested_engine) = @_;
2709 if (!$class->engine_loader || $requested_engine) {
2710 $class->engine_loader(
2711 Catalyst::EngineLoader->new({
2712 application_name => $class,
2713 (defined $requested_engine
2714 ? (catalyst_engine_class => $requested_engine) : ()),
2719 $class->engine_loader->catalyst_engine_class;
2723 my ($class, $requested_engine) = @_;
2726 my $loader = $class->engine_loader;
2728 if (!$loader || $requested_engine) {
2729 $loader = Catalyst::EngineLoader->new({
2730 application_name => $class,
2731 (defined $requested_engine
2732 ? (requested_engine => $requested_engine) : ()),
2735 $class->engine_loader($loader);
2738 $loader->catalyst_engine_class;
2741 # Don't really setup_engine -- see _setup_psgi_app for explanation.
2742 return if $class->loading_psgi_file;
2744 load_class($engine);
2746 if ($ENV{MOD_PERL}) {
2747 my $apache = $class->engine_loader->auto;
2749 my $meta = find_meta($class);
2750 my $was_immutable = $meta->is_immutable;
2751 my %immutable_options = $meta->immutable_options;
2752 $meta->make_mutable if $was_immutable;
2754 $meta->add_method(handler => sub {
2756 my $psgi_app = $class->_finalized_psgi_app;
2757 $apache->call_app($r, $psgi_app);
2760 $meta->make_immutable(%immutable_options) if $was_immutable;
2763 $class->engine( $engine->new );
2768 ## This exists just to supply a prebuild psgi app for mod_perl and for the
2769 ## build in server support (back compat support for pre psgi port behavior).
2770 ## This is so that we don't build a new psgi app for each request when using
2771 ## the mod_perl handler or the built in servers (http and fcgi, etc).
2773 sub _finalized_psgi_app {
2776 unless ($app->_psgi_app) {
2777 my $psgi_app = $app->_setup_psgi_app;
2778 $app->_psgi_app($psgi_app);
2781 return $app->_psgi_app;
2784 ## Look for a psgi file like 'myapp_web.psgi' (if the app is MyApp::Web) in the
2785 ## home directory and load that and return it (just assume it is doing the
2786 ## right thing :) ). If that does not exist, call $app->psgi_app, wrap that
2787 ## in default_middleware and return it ( this is for backward compatibility
2788 ## with pre psgi port behavior ).
2790 sub _setup_psgi_app {
2793 for my $home (Path::Class::Dir->new($app->config->{home})) {
2794 my $psgi_file = $home->file(
2795 Catalyst::Utils::appprefix($app) . '.psgi',
2798 next unless -e $psgi_file;
2800 # If $psgi_file calls ->setup_engine, it's doing so to load
2801 # Catalyst::Engine::PSGI. But if it does that, we're only going to
2802 # throw away the loaded PSGI-app and load the 5.9 Catalyst::Engine
2803 # anyway. So set a flag (ick) that tells setup_engine not to populate
2804 # $c->engine or do any other things we might regret.
2806 $app->loading_psgi_file(1);
2807 my $psgi_app = Plack::Util::load_psgi($psgi_file);
2808 $app->loading_psgi_file(0);
2811 unless $app->engine_loader->needs_psgi_engine_compat_hack;
2814 Found a legacy Catalyst::Engine::PSGI .psgi file at ${psgi_file}.
2816 Its content has been ignored. Please consult the Catalyst::Upgrading
2817 documentation on how to upgrade from Catalyst::Engine::PSGI.
2821 return $app->apply_default_middlewares($app->psgi_app);
2824 =head2 $c->apply_default_middlewares
2826 Adds the following L<Plack> middlewares to your application, since they are
2827 useful and commonly needed:
2829 L<Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy>, (conditionally added based on the status
2830 of your $ENV{REMOTE_ADDR}, and can be forced on with C<using_frontend_proxy>
2831 or forced off with C<ignore_frontend_proxy>), L<Plack::Middleware::LighttpdScriptNameFix>
2832 (if you are using Lighttpd), L<Plack::Middleware::IIS6ScriptNameFix> (always
2833 applied since this middleware is smart enough to conditionally apply itself).
2835 Additionally if we detect we are using Nginx, we add a bit of custom middleware
2836 to solve some problems with the way that server handles $ENV{PATH_INFO} and
2842 sub apply_default_middlewares {
2843 my ($app, $psgi_app) = @_;
2845 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::Conditional->wrap(
2847 builder => sub { Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy->wrap($_[0]) },
2850 return if $app->config->{ignore_frontend_proxy};
2851 return $env->{REMOTE_ADDR} eq '127.0.0.1'
2852 || $app->config->{using_frontend_proxy};
2856 # If we're running under Lighttpd, swap PATH_INFO and SCRIPT_NAME
2857 # http://lists.scsys.co.uk/pipermail/catalyst/2006-June/008361.html
2858 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::Conditional->wrap(
2860 builder => sub { Plack::Middleware::LighttpdScriptNameFix->wrap($_[0]) },
2863 return unless $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} && $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} =~ m!lighttpd[-/]1\.(\d+\.\d+)!;
2864 return unless $1 < 4.23;
2869 # we're applying this unconditionally as the middleware itself already makes
2870 # sure it doesn't fuck things up if it's not running under one of the right
2872 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::IIS6ScriptNameFix->wrap($psgi_app);
2874 # And another IIS issue, this time with IIS7.
2875 $psgi_app = Plack::Middleware::Conditional->wrap(
2877 builder => sub { Plack::Middleware::IIS7KeepAliveFix->wrap($_[0]) },
2880 return $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} && $env->{SERVER_SOFTWARE} =~ m!IIS/7\.[0-9]!;
2889 Returns a PSGI application code reference for the catalyst application
2890 C<$c>. This is the bare application without any middlewares
2891 applied. C<${myapp}.psgi> is not taken into account.
2893 This is what you want to be using to retrieve the PSGI application code
2894 reference of your Catalyst application for use in F<.psgi> files.
2900 my $psgi = $app->engine->build_psgi_app($app);
2901 return $app->Catalyst::Utils::apply_registered_middleware($psgi);
2904 =head2 $c->setup_home
2906 Sets up the home directory.
2911 my ( $class, $home ) = @_;
2913 if ( my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'HOME' ) ) {
2917 $home ||= Catalyst::Utils::home($class);
2920 #I remember recently being scolded for assigning config values like this
2921 $class->config->{home} ||= $home;
2922 $class->config->{root} ||= Path::Class::Dir->new($home)->subdir('root');
2926 =head2 $c->setup_log
2928 Sets up log by instantiating a L<Catalyst::Log|Catalyst::Log> object and
2929 passing it to C<log()>. Pass in a comma-delimited list of levels to set the
2932 This method also installs a C<debug> method that returns a true value into the
2933 catalyst subclass if the "debug" level is passed in the comma-delimited list,
2934 or if the C<$CATALYST_DEBUG> environment variable is set to a true value.
2936 Note that if the log has already been setup, by either a previous call to
2937 C<setup_log> or by a call such as C<< __PACKAGE__->log( MyLogger->new ) >>,
2938 that this method won't actually set up the log object.
2943 my ( $class, $levels ) = @_;
2946 $levels =~ s/^\s+//;
2947 $levels =~ s/\s+$//;
2948 my %levels = map { $_ => 1 } split /\s*,\s*/, $levels;
2950 my $env_debug = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'DEBUG' );
2951 if ( defined $env_debug ) {
2952 $levels{debug} = 1 if $env_debug; # Ugly!
2953 delete($levels{debug}) unless $env_debug;
2956 unless ( $class->log ) {
2957 $class->log( Catalyst::Log->new(keys %levels) );
2960 if ( $levels{debug} ) {
2961 Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class)->add_method('debug' => sub { 1 });
2962 $class->log->debug('Debug messages enabled');
2966 =head2 $c->setup_plugins
2972 =head2 $c->setup_stats
2974 Sets up timing statistics class.
2979 my ( $class, $stats ) = @_;
2981 Catalyst::Utils::ensure_class_loaded($class->stats_class);
2983 my $env = Catalyst::Utils::env_value( $class, 'STATS' );
2984 if ( defined($env) ? $env : ($stats || $class->debug ) ) {
2985 Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class)->add_method('use_stats' => sub { 1 });
2986 $class->log->debug('Statistics enabled');
2991 =head2 $c->registered_plugins
2993 Returns a sorted list of the plugins which have either been stated in the
2996 If passed a given plugin name, it will report a boolean value indicating
2997 whether or not that plugin is loaded. A fully qualified name is required if
2998 the plugin name does not begin with C<Catalyst::Plugin::>.
3000 if ($c->registered_plugins('Some::Plugin')) {
3008 sub registered_plugins {
3010 return sort keys %{ $proto->_plugins } unless @_;
3012 return 1 if exists $proto->_plugins->{$plugin};
3013 return exists $proto->_plugins->{"Catalyst::Plugin::$plugin"};
3016 sub _register_plugin {
3017 my ( $proto, $plugin, $instant ) = @_;
3018 my $class = ref $proto || $proto;
3020 load_class( $plugin );
3021 $class->log->warn( "$plugin inherits from 'Catalyst::Component' - this is deprecated and will not work in 5.81" )
3022 if $plugin->isa( 'Catalyst::Component' );
3023 my $plugin_meta = Moose::Meta::Class->create($plugin);
3024 if (!$plugin_meta->has_method('new')
3025 && ( $plugin->isa('Class::Accessor::Fast') || $plugin->isa('Class::Accessor') ) ) {
3026 $plugin_meta->add_method('new', Moose::Object->meta->get_method('new'))
3028 if (!$instant && !$proto->_plugins->{$plugin}) {
3029 my $meta = Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name($class);
3030 $meta->superclasses($plugin, $meta->superclasses);
3032 $proto->_plugins->{$plugin} = 1;
3036 sub _default_plugins { return qw(Unicode::Encoding) }
3039 my ( $class, $plugins ) = @_;
3041 $class->_plugins( {} ) unless $class->_plugins;
3043 m/Unicode::Encoding/ ? do {
3045 'Unicode::Encoding plugin is auto-applied,'
3046 . ' please remove this from your appclass'
3047 . ' and make sure to define "encoding" config'
3049 unless (exists $class->config->{'encoding'}) {
3050 $class->config->{'encoding'} = 'UTF-8';
3055 push @$plugins, $class->_default_plugins;
3056 $plugins = Data::OptList::mkopt($plugins || []);
3059 [ Catalyst::Utils::resolve_namespace(
3060 $class . '::Plugin',
3061 'Catalyst::Plugin', $_->[0]
3067 for my $plugin ( reverse @plugins ) {
3068 load_class($plugin->[0], $plugin->[1]);
3069 my $meta = find_meta($plugin->[0]);
3070 next if $meta && $meta->isa('Moose::Meta::Role');
3072 $class->_register_plugin($plugin->[0]);
3076 map { $_->[0]->name, $_->[1] }
3077 grep { blessed($_->[0]) && $_->[0]->isa('Moose::Meta::Role') }
3078 map { [find_meta($_->[0]), $_->[1]] }
3081 Moose::Util::apply_all_roles(
3087 =head2 registered_middlewares
3089 Read only accessor that returns an array of all the middleware in the order
3090 that they were added (which is the REVERSE of the order they will be applied).
3092 The values returned will be either instances of L<Plack::Middleware> or of a
3093 compatible interface, or a coderef, which is assumed to be inlined middleware
3095 =head2 setup_middleware (?@middleware)
3097 Read configuration information stored in configuration key C<psgi_middleware> or
3100 See under L</CONFIGURATION> information regarding C<psgi_middleware> and how
3101 to use it to enable L<Plack::Middleware>
3103 This method is automatically called during 'setup' of your application, so
3104 you really don't need to invoke it.
3106 When we read middleware definitions from configuration, we reverse the list
3107 which sounds odd but is likely how you expect it to work if you have prior
3108 experience with L<Plack::Builder> or if you previously used the plugin
3109 L<Catalyst::Plugin::EnableMiddleware> (which is now considered deprecated)
3113 sub registered_middlewares {
3115 if(my $middleware = $class->_psgi_middleware) {
3116 return @$middleware;
3118 die "You cannot call ->registered_middlewares until middleware has been setup";
3122 sub setup_middleware {
3123 my ($class, @middleware_definitions) = @_;
3124 push @middleware_definitions, reverse(
3125 @{$class->config->{'psgi_middleware'}||[]});
3127 my @middleware = ();
3128 while(my $next = shift(@middleware_definitions)) {
3130 if(Scalar::Util::blessed $next && $next->can('wrap')) {
3131 push @middleware, $next;
3132 } elsif(ref $next eq 'CODE') {
3133 push @middleware, $next;
3134 } elsif(ref $next eq 'HASH') {
3135 my $namespace = shift @middleware_definitions;
3136 my $mw = $class->Catalyst::Utils::build_middleware($namespace, %$next);
3137 push @middleware, $mw;
3139 die "I can't handle middleware definition ${\ref $next}";
3142 my $mw = $class->Catalyst::Utils::build_middleware($next);
3143 push @middleware, $mw;
3147 $class->_psgi_middleware(\@middleware);
3150 =head2 registered_data_handlers
3152 A read only copy of registered Data Handlers returned as a Hash, where each key
3153 is a content type and each value is a subref that attempts to decode that content
3156 =head2 setup_data_handlers (?@data_handler)
3158 Read configuration information stored in configuration key C<data_handlers> or
3161 See under L</CONFIGURATION> information regarding C<data_handlers>.
3163 This method is automatically called during 'setup' of your application, so
3164 you really don't need to invoke it.
3166 =head2 default_data_handlers
3168 Default Data Handlers that come bundled with L<Catalyst>. Currently there are
3169 only two default data handlers, for 'application/json' and an alternative to
3170 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' which supposed nested form parameters via
3171 L<CGI::Struct> or via L<CGI::Struct::XS> IF you've installed it.
3173 The 'application/json' data handler is used to parse incoming JSON into a Perl
3174 data structure. It used either L<JSON::MaybeXS> or L<JSON>, depending on which
3175 is installed. This allows you to fail back to L<JSON:PP>, which is a Pure Perl
3176 JSON decoder, and has the smallest dependency impact.
3178 Because we don't wish to add more dependencies to L<Catalyst>, if you wish to
3179 use this new feature we recommend installing L<JSON> or L<JSON::MaybeXS> in
3180 order to get the best performance. You should add either to your dependency
3181 list (Makefile.PL, dist.ini, cpanfile, etc.)
3185 sub registered_data_handlers {
3187 if(my $data_handlers = $class->_data_handlers) {
3188 return %$data_handlers;
3190 die "You cannot call ->registered_data_handlers until data_handers has been setup";
3194 sub setup_data_handlers {
3195 my ($class, %data_handler_callbacks) = @_;
3196 %data_handler_callbacks = (
3197 %{$class->default_data_handlers},
3198 %{$class->config->{'data_handlers'}||+{}},
3199 %data_handler_callbacks);
3201 $class->_data_handlers(\%data_handler_callbacks);
3204 sub default_data_handlers {
3207 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' => sub {
3208 my ($fh, $req) = @_;
3209 my $params = $req->_use_hash_multivalue ? $req->body_parameters->mixed : $req->body_parameters;
3210 Class::Load::load_first_existing_class('CGI::Struct::XS', 'CGI::Struct')
3211 ->can('build_cgi_struct')->($params);
3213 'application/json' => sub {
3214 Class::Load::load_first_existing_class('JSON::MaybeXS', 'JSON')
3215 ->can('decode_json')->(do { local $/; $_->getline });
3222 Returns an arrayref of the internal execution stack (actions that are
3223 currently executing).
3227 Returns the current timing statistics object. By default Catalyst uses
3228 L<Catalyst::Stats|Catalyst::Stats>, but can be set otherwise with
3229 L<< stats_class|/"$c->stats_class" >>.
3231 Even if L<< -Stats|/"-Stats" >> is not enabled, the stats object is still
3232 available. By enabling it with C< $c->stats->enabled(1) >, it can be used to
3233 profile explicitly, although MyApp.pm still won't profile nor output anything
3236 =head2 $c->stats_class
3238 Returns or sets the stats (timing statistics) class. L<Catalyst::Stats|Catalyst::Stats> is used by default.
3240 =head2 $c->use_stats
3242 Returns 1 when L<< stats collection|/"-Stats" >> is enabled.
3244 Note that this is a static method, not an accessor and should be overridden
3245 by declaring C<sub use_stats { 1 }> in your MyApp.pm, not by calling C<< $c->use_stats(1) >>.
3252 =head2 $c->write( $data )
3254 Writes $data to the output stream. When using this method directly, you
3255 will need to manually set the C<Content-Length> header to the length of
3256 your output data, if known.
3263 # Finalize headers if someone manually writes output (for compat)
3264 $c->finalize_headers;
3266 return $c->response->write( @_ );
3271 Returns the Catalyst version number. Mostly useful for "powered by"
3272 messages in template systems.
3276 sub version { return $Catalyst::VERSION }
3278 =head1 CONFIGURATION
3280 There are a number of 'base' config variables which can be set:
3286 C<default_model> - The default model picked if you say C<< $c->model >>. See L<< /$c->model($name) >>.
3290 C<default_view> - The default view to be rendered or returned when C<< $c->view >> is called. See L<< /$c->view($name) >>.
3294 C<disable_component_resolution_regex_fallback> - Turns
3295 off the deprecated component resolution functionality so
3296 that if any of the component methods (e.g. C<< $c->controller('Foo') >>)
3297 are called then regex search will not be attempted on string values and
3298 instead C<undef> will be returned.
3302 C<home> - The application home directory. In an uninstalled application,
3303 this is the top level application directory. In an installed application,
3304 this will be the directory containing C<< MyApp.pm >>.
3308 C<ignore_frontend_proxy> - See L</PROXY SUPPORT>
3312 C<name> - The name of the application in debug messages and the debug and
3317 C<parse_on_demand> - The request body (for example file uploads) will not be parsed
3318 until it is accessed. This allows you to (for example) check authentication (and reject
3319 the upload) before actually receiving all the data. See L</ON-DEMAND PARSER>
3323 C<root> - The root directory for templates. Usually this is just a
3324 subdirectory of the home directory, but you can set it to change the
3325 templates to a different directory.
3329 C<search_extra> - Array reference passed to Module::Pluggable to for additional
3330 namespaces from which components will be loaded (and constructed and stored in
3331 C<< $c->components >>).
3335 C<show_internal_actions> - If true, causes internal actions such as C<< _DISPATCH >>
3336 to be shown in hit debug tables in the test server.
3340 C<use_request_uri_for_path> - Controls if the C<REQUEST_URI> or C<PATH_INFO> environment
3341 variable should be used for determining the request path.
3343 Most web server environments pass the requested path to the application using environment variables,
3344 from which Catalyst has to reconstruct the request base (i.e. the top level path to / in the application,
3345 exposed as C<< $c->request->base >>) and the request path below that base.
3347 There are two methods of doing this, both of which have advantages and disadvantages. Which method is used
3348 is determined by the C<< $c->config(use_request_uri_for_path) >> setting (which can either be true or false).
3352 =item use_request_uri_for_path => 0
3354 This is the default (and the) traditional method that Catalyst has used for determining the path information.
3355 The path is generated from a combination of the C<PATH_INFO> and C<SCRIPT_NAME> environment variables.
3356 The allows the application to behave correctly when C<mod_rewrite> is being used to redirect requests
3357 into the application, as these variables are adjusted by mod_rewrite to take account for the redirect.
3359 However this method has the major disadvantage that it is impossible to correctly decode some elements
3360 of the path, as RFC 3875 says: "C<< Unlike a URI path, the PATH_INFO is not URL-encoded, and cannot
3361 contain path-segment parameters. >>" This means PATH_INFO is B<always> decoded, and therefore Catalyst
3362 can't distinguish / vs %2F in paths (in addition to other encoded values).
3364 =item use_request_uri_for_path => 1
3366 This method uses the C<REQUEST_URI> and C<SCRIPT_NAME> environment variables. As C<REQUEST_URI> is never
3367 decoded, this means that applications using this mode can correctly handle URIs including the %2F character
3368 (i.e. with C<AllowEncodedSlashes> set to C<On> in Apache).
3370 Given that this method of path resolution is provably more correct, it is recommended that you use
3371 this unless you have a specific need to deploy your application in a non-standard environment, and you are
3372 aware of the implications of not being able to handle encoded URI paths correctly.
3374 However it also means that in a number of cases when the app isn't installed directly at a path, but instead
3375 is having paths rewritten into it (e.g. as a .cgi/fcgi in a public_html directory, with mod_rewrite in a
3376 .htaccess file, or when SSI is used to rewrite pages into the app, or when sub-paths of the app are exposed
3377 at other URIs than that which the app is 'normally' based at with C<mod_rewrite>), the resolution of
3378 C<< $c->request->base >> will be incorrect.
3384 C<using_frontend_proxy> - See L</PROXY SUPPORT>.
3388 C<encoding> - See L</ENCODING>
3392 C<abort_chain_on_error_fix>
3394 When there is an error in an action chain, the default behavior is to continue
3395 processing the remaining actions and then catch the error upon chain end. This
3396 can lead to running actions when the application is in an unexpected state. If
3397 you have this issue, setting this config value to true will promptly exit a
3398 chain when there is an error raised in any action (thus terminating the chain
3403 __PACKAGE__->config(abort_chain_on_error_fix => 1);
3405 In the future this might become the default behavior.
3409 C<use_hash_multivalue_in_request>
3411 In L<Catalyst::Request> the methods C<query_parameters>, C<body_parametes>
3412 and C<parameters> return a hashref where values might be scalar or an arrayref
3413 depending on the incoming data. In many cases this can be undesirable as it
3414 leads one to writing defensive code like the following:
3416 my ($val) = ref($c->req->parameters->{a}) ?
3417 @{$c->req->parameters->{a}} :
3418 $c->req->parameters->{a};
3420 Setting this configuration item to true will make L<Catalyst> populate the
3421 attributes underlying these methods with an instance of L<Hash::MultiValue>
3422 which is used by L<Plack::Request> and others to solve this very issue. You
3423 may prefer this behavior to the default, if so enable this option (be warned
3424 if you enable it in a legacy application we are not sure if it is completely
3425 backwardly compatible).
3429 C<psgi_middleware> - See L<PSGI MIDDLEWARE>.
3433 C<data_handlers> - See L<DATA HANDLERS>.
3437 =head1 INTERNAL ACTIONS
3439 Catalyst uses internal actions like C<_DISPATCH>, C<_BEGIN>, C<_AUTO>,
3440 C<_ACTION>, and C<_END>. These are by default not shown in the private
3441 action table, but you can make them visible with a config parameter.
3443 MyApp->config(show_internal_actions => 1);
3445 =head1 ON-DEMAND PARSER
3447 The request body is usually parsed at the beginning of a request,
3448 but if you want to handle input yourself, you can enable on-demand
3449 parsing with a config parameter.
3451 MyApp->config(parse_on_demand => 1);
3453 =head1 PROXY SUPPORT
3455 Many production servers operate using the common double-server approach,
3456 with a lightweight frontend web server passing requests to a larger
3457 backend server. An application running on the backend server must deal
3458 with two problems: the remote user always appears to be C<127.0.0.1> and
3459 the server's hostname will appear to be C<localhost> regardless of the
3460 virtual host that the user connected through.
3462 Catalyst will automatically detect this situation when you are running
3463 the frontend and backend servers on the same machine. The following
3464 changes are made to the request.
3466 $c->req->address is set to the user's real IP address, as read from
3467 the HTTP X-Forwarded-For header.
3469 The host value for $c->req->base and $c->req->uri is set to the real
3470 host, as read from the HTTP X-Forwarded-Host header.
3472 Additionally, you may be running your backend application on an insecure
3473 connection (port 80) while your frontend proxy is running under SSL. If there
3474 is a discrepancy in the ports, use the HTTP header C<X-Forwarded-Port> to
3475 tell Catalyst what port the frontend listens on. This will allow all URIs to
3476 be created properly.
3478 In the case of passing in:
3480 X-Forwarded-Port: 443
3482 All calls to C<uri_for> will result in an https link, as is expected.
3484 Obviously, your web server must support these headers for this to work.
3486 In a more complex server farm environment where you may have your
3487 frontend proxy server(s) on different machines, you will need to set a
3488 configuration option to tell Catalyst to read the proxied data from the
3491 MyApp->config(using_frontend_proxy => 1);
3493 If you do not wish to use the proxy support at all, you may set:
3495 MyApp->config(ignore_frontend_proxy => 0);
3497 =head2 Note about psgi files
3499 Note that if you supply your own .psgi file, calling
3500 C<< MyApp->psgi_app(@_); >>, then B<this will not happen automatically>.
3502 You either need to apply L<Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy> yourself
3503 in your psgi, for example:
3506 enable "Plack::Middleware::ReverseProxy";
3510 This will unconditionally add the ReverseProxy support, or you need to call
3511 C<< $app = MyApp->apply_default_middlewares($app) >> (to conditionally
3512 apply the support depending upon your config).
3514 See L<Catalyst::PSGI> for more information.
3516 =head1 THREAD SAFETY
3518 Catalyst has been tested under Apache 2's threading C<mpm_worker>,
3519 C<mpm_winnt>, and the standalone forking HTTP server on Windows. We
3520 believe the Catalyst core to be thread-safe.
3522 If you plan to operate in a threaded environment, remember that all other
3523 modules you are using must also be thread-safe. Some modules, most notably
3524 L<DBD::SQLite>, are not thread-safe.
3526 =head1 DATA HANDLERS
3528 The L<Catalyst::Request> object uses L<HTTP::Body> to populate 'classic' HTML
3529 form parameters and URL search query fields. However it has become common
3530 for various alternative content types to be PUT or POSTed to your controllers
3531 and actions. People working on RESTful APIs, or using AJAX often use JSON,
3532 XML and other content types when communicating with an application server. In
3533 order to better support this use case, L<Catalyst> defines a global configuration
3534 option, C<data_handlers>, which lets you associate a content type with a coderef
3535 that parses that content type into something Perl can readily access.
3542 __PACKAGE__->config(
3544 'application/json' => sub { local $/; decode_json $_->getline },
3546 ## Any other configuration.
3551 By default L<Catalyst> comes with a generic JSON data handler similar to the
3552 example given above, which uses L<JSON::Maybe> to provide either L<JSON::PP>
3553 (a pure Perl, dependency free JSON parser) or L<Cpanel::JSON::XS> if you have
3554 it installed (if you want the faster XS parser, add it to you project Makefile.PL
3555 or dist.ini, cpanfile, etc.)
3557 The C<data_handlers> configuation is a hashref whose keys are HTTP Content-Types
3558 (matched against the incoming request type using a regexp such as to be case
3559 insensitive) and whose values are coderefs that receive a localized version of
3560 C<$_> which is a filehandle object pointing to received body.
3562 This feature is considered an early access release and we reserve the right
3563 to alter the interface in order to provide a performant and secure solution to
3564 alternative request body content. Your reports welcomed!
3566 =head1 PSGI MIDDLEWARE
3568 You can define middleware, defined as L<Plack::Middleware> or a compatible
3569 interface in configuration. Your middleware definitions are in the form of an
3570 arrayref under the configuration key C<psgi_middleware>. Here's an example
3571 with details to follow:
3576 use Plack::Middleware::StackTrace;
3578 my $stacktrace_middleware = Plack::Middleware::StackTrace->new;
3580 __PACKAGE__->config(
3581 'psgi_middleware', [
3584 $stacktrace_middleware,
3585 'Session' => {store => 'File'},
3590 $env->{myapp.customkey} = 'helloworld';
3599 So the general form is:
3601 __PACKAGE__->config(psgi_middleware => \@middleware_definitions);
3603 Where C<@middleware> is one or more of the following, applied in the REVERSE of
3604 the order listed (to make it function similarly to L<Plack::Builder>:
3608 =item Middleware Object
3610 An already initialized object that conforms to the L<Plack::Middleware>
3613 my $stacktrace_middleware = Plack::Middleware::StackTrace->new;
3615 __PACKAGE__->config(
3616 'psgi_middleware', [
3617 $stacktrace_middleware,
3623 A coderef that is an inlined middleware:
3625 __PACKAGE__->config(
3626 'psgi_middleware', [
3631 if($env->{PATH_INFO} =~m/forced/) {
3633 ->new(file=>TestApp->path_to(qw/share static forced.txt/))
3636 return $app->($env);
3646 We assume the scalar refers to a namespace after normalizing it using the
3649 (1) If the scalar is prefixed with a "+" (as in C<+MyApp::Foo>) then the full string
3650 is assumed to be 'as is', and we just install and use the middleware.
3652 (2) If the scalar begins with "Plack::Middleware" or your application namespace
3653 (the package name of your Catalyst application subclass), we also assume then
3654 that it is a full namespace, and use it.
3656 (3) Lastly, we then assume that the scalar is a partial namespace, and attempt to
3657 resolve it first by looking for it under your application namespace (for example
3658 if you application is "MyApp::Web" and the scalar is "MyMiddleware", we'd look
3659 under "MyApp::Web::Middleware::MyMiddleware") and if we don't find it there, we
3660 will then look under the regular L<Plack::Middleware> namespace (i.e. for the
3661 previous we'd try "Plack::Middleware::MyMiddleware"). We look under your application
3662 namespace first to let you 'override' common L<Plack::Middleware> locally, should
3663 you find that a good idea.
3669 __PACKAGE__->config(
3670 'psgi_middleware', [
3671 'Debug', ## MyAppWeb::Middleware::Debug->wrap or Plack::Middleware::Debug->wrap
3672 'Plack::Middleware::Stacktrace', ## Plack::Middleware::Stacktrace->wrap
3673 '+MyApp::Custom', ## MyApp::Custom->wrap
3677 =item a scalar followed by a hashref
3679 Just like the previous, except the following C<HashRef> is used as arguments
3680 to initialize the middleware object.
3682 __PACKAGE__->config(
3683 'psgi_middleware', [
3684 'Session' => {store => 'File'},
3689 Please see L<PSGI> for more on middleware.
3693 On request, decodes all params from encoding into a sequence of
3694 logical characters. On response, encodes body into encoding.
3702 Returns an instance of an C<Encode> encoding
3704 print $c->encoding->name
3706 =item handle_unicode_encoding_exception ($exception_context)
3708 Method called when decoding process for a request fails.
3710 An C<$exception_context> hashref is provided to allow you to override the
3711 behaviour of your application when given data with incorrect encodings.
3713 The default method throws exceptions in the case of invalid request parameters
3714 (resulting in a 500 error), but ignores errors in upload filenames.
3716 The keys passed in the C<$exception_context> hash are:
3722 The value which was not able to be decoded.
3726 The exception received from L<Encode>.
3730 What type of data was being decoded. Valid values are (currently)
3731 C<params> - for request parameters / arguments / captures
3732 and C<uploads> - for request upload filenames.
3742 Join #catalyst on irc.perl.org.
3746 http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst
3747 http://lists.scsys.co.uk/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/catalyst-dev
3751 http://catalyst.perl.org
3755 http://dev.catalyst.perl.org
3759 =head2 L<Task::Catalyst> - All you need to start with Catalyst
3761 =head2 L<Catalyst::Manual> - The Catalyst Manual
3763 =head2 L<Catalyst::Component>, L<Catalyst::Controller> - Base classes for components
3765 =head2 L<Catalyst::Engine> - Core engine
3767 =head2 L<Catalyst::Log> - Log class.
3769 =head2 L<Catalyst::Request> - Request object
3771 =head2 L<Catalyst::Response> - Response object
3773 =head2 L<Catalyst::Test> - The test suite.
3775 =head1 PROJECT FOUNDER
3777 sri: Sebastian Riedel <sri@cpan.org>
3783 acme: Leon Brocard <leon@astray.com>
3785 abraxxa: Alexander Hartmaier <abraxxa@cpan.org>
3789 Andrew Ford E<lt>A.Ford@ford-mason.co.ukE<gt>
3793 andyg: Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
3795 audreyt: Audrey Tang
3797 bricas: Brian Cassidy <bricas@cpan.org>
3799 Caelum: Rafael Kitover <rkitover@io.com>
3801 chansen: Christian Hansen
3803 chicks: Christopher Hicks
3805 Chisel Wright C<pause@herlpacker.co.uk>
3807 Danijel Milicevic C<me@danijel.de>
3809 David Kamholz E<lt>dkamholz@cpan.orgE<gt>
3811 David Naughton, C<naughton@umn.edu>
3815 dhoss: Devin Austin <dhoss@cpan.org>
3817 dkubb: Dan Kubb <dan.kubb-cpan@onautopilot.com>
3821 dwc: Daniel Westermann-Clark <danieltwc@cpan.org>
3823 esskar: Sascha Kiefer
3825 fireartist: Carl Franks <cfranks@cpan.org>
3827 frew: Arthur Axel "fREW" Schmidt <frioux@gmail.com>
3829 gabb: Danijel Milicevic
3833 Gavin Henry C<ghenry@perl.me.uk>
3837 groditi: Guillermo Roditi <groditi@gmail.com>
3839 hobbs: Andrew Rodland <andrew@cleverdomain.org>
3841 ilmari: Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker <ilmari@ilmari.org>
3843 jcamacho: Juan Camacho
3845 jester: Jesse Sheidlower C<jester@panix.com>
3847 jhannah: Jay Hannah <jay@jays.net>
3853 jon: Jon Schutz <jjschutz@cpan.org>
3855 Jonathan Rockway C<< <jrockway@cpan.org> >>
3857 Kieren Diment C<kd@totaldatasolution.com>
3859 konobi: Scott McWhirter <konobi@cpan.org>
3861 marcus: Marcus Ramberg <mramberg@cpan.org>
3863 miyagawa: Tatsuhiko Miyagawa <miyagawa@bulknews.net>
3865 mgrimes: Mark Grimes <mgrimes@cpan.org>
3867 mst: Matt S. Trout <mst@shadowcatsystems.co.uk>
3871 naughton: David Naughton
3873 ningu: David Kamholz <dkamholz@cpan.org>
3875 nothingmuch: Yuval Kogman <nothingmuch@woobling.org>
3877 numa: Dan Sully <daniel@cpan.org>
3883 omega: Andreas Marienborg
3885 Oleg Kostyuk <cub.uanic@gmail.com>
3887 phaylon: Robert Sedlacek <phaylon@dunkelheit.at>
3889 rafl: Florian Ragwitz <rafl@debian.org>
3891 random: Roland Lammel <lammel@cpan.org>
3893 Robert Sedlacek C<< <rs@474.at> >>
3895 SpiceMan: Marcel Montes
3899 szbalint: Balint Szilakszi <szbalint@cpan.org>
3901 t0m: Tomas Doran <bobtfish@bobtfish.net>
3905 Viljo Marrandi C<vilts@yahoo.com>
3907 Will Hawes C<info@whawes.co.uk>
3909 willert: Sebastian Willert <willert@cpan.org>
3911 wreis: Wallace Reis <wreis@cpan.org>
3913 Yuval Kogman, C<nothingmuch@woobling.org>
3915 rainboxx: Matthias Dietrich, C<perl@rainboxx.de>
3917 dd070: Dhaval Dhanani <dhaval070@gmail.com>
3921 Copyright (c) 2005, the above named PROJECT FOUNDER and CONTRIBUTORS.
3925 This library is free software. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
3926 the same terms as Perl itself.
3932 __PACKAGE__->meta->make_immutable;