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1 | =head1 NAME |
2 | |
3 | Catalyst::Upgrading - Instructions for upgrading to the latest Catalyst |
4 | |
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5 | =head2 Upgrading to Catalyst 5.90 |
6 | |
7 | The major change is that L<Plack> now replaces most of the subclasses of |
8 | L<Catalyst::Engine>. If you are using one of the standard subclasses of |
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9 | L<Catalyst::Engine> this should be a straightforward upgrade for you. It was |
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10 | a design goal for this release to be as backwardly compatible as possible. |
11 | However since L<Plack> is different from L<Catalyst::Engine> it would be |
12 | possible that edge case differences would exist. Therefore we recommend care |
13 | be taken with this upgrade and that testing should be greater than would be |
14 | the case with a minor point update. |
15 | |
16 | It is highly recommended that you become familar with the L<Plack> ecosystem |
17 | and documentation. Being able to take advantage of L<Plack> development and |
18 | middleware is a major bonus to this upgrade. |
19 | |
20 | If you have created a custom subclass of L<Catalyst:Engine> you will need to |
21 | convert it to be a subclass of L<Plack::Handler>. |
22 | |
23 | If you are using the L<Plack> engine, L<Catalyst::Engine::PSGI>, this new |
24 | release supercedes that code. |
25 | |
26 | If you are using a subclass of L<Catalyst::Engine> that is aimed at nonstandard |
27 | or internal / testing uses, such as L<Catalyst::Engine::Embeddable> you should |
28 | still be able to continue using that engine. |
29 | |
30 | Advice for specific subclasses of L<Catalyst::Engine> follows: |
31 | |
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32 | =head3 Upgrading the FastCGI Engine |
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33 | |
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34 | No upgrade needed if your myapp_fastcgi.pl script is already upgraded |
35 | enough to use L<Catalyst::Script::FastCGI>. |
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36 | |
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37 | =head3 Upgrading the mod_perl / Apache Engines |
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38 | |
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39 | The engines that are build upon the various iterations of mod_perl, |
40 | L<Catalyst::Engine::Apache::MP13> and |
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41 | L<Catalyst::Engine::Apache2::MP20> should be seemless upgrades and will |
42 | work using using L<Plack::Handler::Apache1> or L<Plack::Handler::Apache2> |
43 | as required. |
44 | |
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45 | L<Catalyst::Engine::Apache2::MP19>, is however no longer supported, as Plack |
46 | does not support mod_perl version 1.99??? FIXME - is this true? |
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47 | |
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48 | =head3 Upgrading the HTTP Engine |
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49 | |
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50 | The default development server that comes with the L<Catalyst> distribution |
51 | should continue to work as expected with no changes as long as your C<myapp_server> |
52 | script is upgraded to use L<Catalyst::Script::HTTP>. |
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53 | |
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54 | =head3 Upgrading the CGI Engine |
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55 | |
56 | If you were using L<Catalyst::Engine::CGI> you should now use... |
57 | |
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58 | No upgrade needed if your myapp_cgi.pl script is already upgraded |
59 | enough to use L<Catalyst::Script::CGI>. |
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60 | |
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61 | =head3 Upgrading the Preforking Engine |
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62 | |
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63 | If you were using L<Catalyst::Engine::HTTP::Prefork> then L<Starman> |
64 | is automatically loaded. |
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65 | |
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66 | =head3 Upgrading the PSGI Engine |
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67 | |
68 | If you were using L<Catalyst::Engine::PSGI> this new release supercedes this |
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69 | engine in supporting L<Plack>. You should remove the.. FIXME |
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70 | |
71 | =head2 Engines with unknown status |
72 | |
73 | The following engines have untested or unknown compatibility. Reports are |
74 | highly welcomed: |
75 | |
76 | Catalyst::Engine::Embeddable |
77 | Catalyst::Engine::XMPP2 |
78 | Catalyst::Engine::SCGI |
79 | Catalyst::Engine::Mojo |
80 | Catalyst::Engine::Zeus |
81 | Catalyst::Engine::JobQueue::POE |
82 | Catalyst::Engine::Wx |
83 | Catalyst::Engine::Stomp |
84 | Catalyst::Engine::Server (Marked as Deprecated) |
85 | Catalyst::Engine::HTTP::POE (Marked as Deprecated) |
86 | |
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87 | =head2 Using middleware |
88 | |
89 | XXX Should this be here or elsewhere? |
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90 | |
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91 | =head2 Making an app.psgi file |
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92 | |
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93 | =head2 Running with plackup? |
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94 | |
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95 | =head1 Upgrading to Catalyst 5.80 |
96 | |
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97 | Most applications and plugins should run unaltered on Catalyst 5.80. |
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98 | |
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99 | However, a lot of refactoring work has taken place, and several changes have |
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100 | been made which could cause incompatibilities. If your application or plugin |
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101 | is using deprecated code, or relying on side effects, then you could have |
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102 | issues upgrading to this release. |
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103 | |
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104 | Most issues found with pre-existing components have been easy to |
105 | solve. This document provides a complete description of behavior changes |
106 | which may cause compatibility issues, and of new Catalyst warnings which |
107 | be unclear. |
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108 | |
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109 | If you think you have found an upgrade-related issue which is not covered in |
110 | this document, please email the Catalyst list to discuss the problem. |
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111 | |
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112 | =head1 Moose features |
113 | |
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114 | =head2 Application class roles |
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115 | |
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116 | You can only apply method modifiers after the application's C<< ->setup >> |
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117 | method has been called. This means that modifiers will not work with methods |
118 | which run during the call to C<< ->setup >>. |
119 | |
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120 | See L<Catalyst::Manual::ExtendingCatalyst> for more information about using |
121 | L<Moose> in your applications. |
122 | |
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123 | =head2 Controller actions in Moose roles |
124 | |
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125 | You can use L<MooseX::MethodAttributes::Role> if you want to declare actions |
126 | inside Moose roles. |
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127 | |
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128 | =head2 Using Moose in Components |
129 | |
130 | The correct way to use Moose in a component in a both forward and backwards |
131 | compatible way is: |
132 | |
133 | package TestApp::Controller::Root; |
134 | use Moose; |
135 | BEGIN { extends 'Catalyst::Component' }; # Or ::Controller, or whatever |
136 | |
137 | See L<Components which inherit from Moose::Object before Catalyst::Component>. |
138 | |
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139 | =head1 Known backwards compatibility breakages |
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140 | |
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141 | =head2 Applications in a single file |
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142 | |
143 | Applications must be in their own file, and loaded at compile time. This |
8f61d649 |
144 | issue generally only affects the tests of CPAN distributions. Your |
145 | application will fail if you try to define an application inline in a |
146 | block, and use plugins which supply a C< new > method, then use that |
147 | application latter in tests within the same file. |
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148 | |
149 | This is due to the fact that Catalyst is inlining a new method on your |
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150 | application class allowing it to be compatible with Moose. The method |
151 | used to do this changed in 5.80004 to avoid the possibility of reporting |
152 | an 'Unknown Error' if your application failed to compile. |
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153 | |
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154 | =head2 Issues with Class::C3 |
155 | |
8f61d649 |
156 | Catalyst 5.80 uses the L<Algorithm::C3> method dispatch order. This is |
157 | built into Perl 5.10, and comes via L<Class::C3> for Perl 5.8. This |
158 | replaces L<NEXT> with L<Class::C3::Adopt::NEXT>, forcing all components |
159 | to resolve methods using C3, rather than the unpredictable dispatch |
160 | order of L<NEXT>. |
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161 | |
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162 | This issue is characterised by your application failing to start due to an |
163 | error message about having a non-linear @ISA. |
164 | |
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165 | The Catalyst plugin most often causing this is |
166 | L<Catalyst::Plugin::Session::Store::FastMmap> - if you are using this |
167 | plugin and see issues, then please upgrade your plugins, as it has been |
168 | fixed. Note that Makefile.PL in the distribution will warn about known |
169 | incompatible components. |
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170 | |
171 | This issue can, however, be found in your own application - the only solution is |
172 | to go through each base class of the class the error was reported against, until |
173 | you identify the ones in conflict, and resolve them. |
174 | |
175 | To be able to generate a linear @ISA, the list of superclasses for each |
176 | class must be resolvable using the C3 algorithm. Unfortunately, when |
177 | superclasses are being used as mixins (to add functionality used in your class), |
178 | and with multiple inheritence, it is easy to get this wrong. |
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179 | |
180 | Most common is the case of: |
181 | |
182 | package Component1; # Note, this is the common case |
183 | use base qw/Class::Accessor::Fast Class::Data::Inheritable/; |
184 | |
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185 | package Component2; # Accidentally saying it this way causes a failure |
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186 | use base qw/Class::Data::Inheritable Class::Accessor::Fast/; |
187 | |
188 | package GoesBang; |
189 | use base qw/Component1 Component2/; |
190 | |
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191 | Any situation like this will cause your application to fail to start. |
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192 | |
8f61d649 |
193 | For additional documentation about this issue, and how to resolve it, see |
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194 | L<Class::C3::Adopt::NEXT>. |
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195 | |
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196 | =head2 Components which inherit from Moose::Object before Catalyst::Component |
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197 | |
6f04e56a |
198 | Moose components which say: |
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199 | |
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200 | package TestApp::Controller::Example; |
201 | use Moose; |
845bfcd2 |
202 | extends qw/Moose::Object Catalyst::Component/; |
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203 | |
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204 | to use the constructor provided by Moose, while working (if you do some hacks |
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205 | with the C< BUILDARGS > method), will not work with Catalyst 5.80 as |
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206 | C<Catalyst::Component> inherits from C<Moose::Object>, and so C< @ISA > fails |
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207 | to linearize. |
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208 | |
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209 | The correct way to use Moose in a component in a both forward and backwards |
210 | compatible way is: |
211 | |
212 | package TestApp::Controller::Root; |
213 | use Moose; |
214 | BEGIN { extends 'Catalyst::Component' }; # Or ::Controller, or whatever |
215 | |
ba03ccca |
216 | Note that the C< extends > declaration needs to occur in a begin block for |
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217 | L<attributes> to operate correctly. |
218 | |
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219 | This way you do not inherit directly from C<Moose::Object> |
220 | yourself. Having components which do not inherit their constructor from |
221 | C<Catalyst::Component> is B<unsupported>, and has never been recommended, |
222 | therefore you're on your own if you're using this technique. You'll need |
223 | to detect the version of Catalyst your application is running, and deal |
224 | with it appropriately. |
225 | |
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226 | You also don't get the L<Moose::Object> constructor, and therefore attribute |
227 | initialization will not work as normally expected. If you want to use Moose |
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228 | attributes, then they need to be made lazy to correctly initialize. |
229 | |
230 | Note that this only applies if your component needs to maintain component |
231 | backwards compatibility for Catalyst versions before 5.71001 - in 5.71001 |
232 | attributes work as expected, and the BUILD method is called normally |
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233 | (although BUILDARGS is not). |
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234 | |
235 | If you depend on Catalyst 5.8, then B<all> Moose features work as expected. |
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236 | |
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237 | You will also see this issue if you do the following: |
238 | |
239 | package TestApp::Controller::Example; |
240 | use Moose; |
241 | use base 'Catalyst::Controller'; |
242 | |
243 | as C< use base > appends to @ISA. |
244 | |
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245 | =head3 use Moose in MyApp |
246 | |
247 | Similar to the above, this will also fail: |
248 | |
249 | package MyApp; |
250 | use Moose; |
251 | use Catalyst qw/ |
252 | ConfigLoader |
253 | /; |
254 | __PACKAGE__->setup; |
255 | |
256 | If you need to use Moose in your application class (e.g. for method modifiers |
8f61d649 |
257 | etc.) then the correct technique is: |
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258 | |
259 | package MyApp; |
260 | use Moose; |
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261 | use Catalyst; |
262 | |
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263 | extends 'Catalyst'; |
5b6f82d2 |
264 | |
265 | __PACKAGE__->config( name => 'MyApp' ); |
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266 | __PACKAGE__->setup(qw/ |
267 | ConfigLoader |
268 | /); |
269 | |
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270 | =head2 Anonymous closures installed directly into the symbol table |
271 | |
272 | If you have any code which installs anonymous subroutine references directly |
273 | into the symbol table, you may encounter breakages. The simplest solution is |
274 | to use L<Sub::Name> to name the subroutine. Example: |
275 | |
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276 | # Original code, likely to break: |
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277 | my $full_method_name = join('::', $package_name, $method_name); |
04a48104 |
278 | *$full_method_name = sub { ... }; |
279 | |
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280 | # Fixed Code |
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281 | use Sub::Name 'subname'; |
282 | my $full_method_name = join('::',$package_name, $method_name); |
283 | *$full_method_name = subname $full_method_name, sub { ... }; |
284 | |
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285 | Additionally, you can take advantage of Catalyst's use of L<Class::MOP> and |
286 | install the closure using the appropriate metaclass. Example: |
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287 | |
288 | use Class::MOP; |
289 | my $metaclass = Moose::Meta::Class->initialize($package_name); |
290 | $metaclass->add_method($method_name => sub { ... }); |
291 | |
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292 | =head2 Hooking into application setup |
293 | |
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294 | To execute code during application start-up, the following snippet in MyApp.pm |
780654ad |
295 | used to work: |
296 | |
297 | sub setup { |
298 | my ($class, @args) = @_; |
299 | $class->NEXT::setup(@args); |
300 | ... # things to do after the actual setup |
301 | } |
302 | |
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303 | With Catalyst 5.80 this won't work anymore, because Catalyst no longer |
304 | uses NEXT.pm for method resolution. The functionality was only ever |
305 | originally operational as L<NEXT> remembers what methods have already |
306 | been called, and will not call them again. |
780654ad |
307 | |
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308 | Using this now causes infinite recursion between MyApp::setup and |
309 | Catalyst::setup, due to other backwards compatibility issues related to how |
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310 | plugin setup works. Moose method modifiers like C<< before|after|around setup |
1a98f036 |
311 | => sub { ... }; >> also will not operate correctly on the setup method. |
780654ad |
312 | |
313 | The right way to do it is this: |
314 | |
315 | after setup_finalize => sub { |
316 | ... # things to do after the actual setup |
317 | }; |
318 | |
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319 | The setup_finalize hook was introduced as a way to avoid this issue. |
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320 | |
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321 | =head2 Components with a new method which returns false |
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322 | |
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323 | Previously, if you had a component which inherited from Catalyst::COMPONENT, |
8f61d649 |
324 | but overrode the new method to return false, then your class's configuration |
8dd2f514 |
325 | would be blessed into a hash on your behalf, and this would be returned from |
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326 | the COMPONENT method. |
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327 | |
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328 | This behavior makes no sense, and so has been removed. Implementing your own |
329 | C< new > method in components is B<highly> discouraged. Instead, you should |
330 | inherit the new method from Catalyst::Component, and use Moose's BUILD |
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331 | functionality and/or Moose attributes to perform any construction work |
332 | necessary for your class. |
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333 | |
334 | =head2 __PACKAGE__->mk_accessor('meta'); |
335 | |
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336 | Won't work due to a limitation of L<Moose>. This is currently being fixed |
337 | inside Moose. |
7e2ec16e |
338 | |
339 | =head2 Class::Data::Inheritable side effects |
340 | |
8dd2f514 |
341 | Previously, writing to a class data accessor would copy the accessor method |
342 | down into your package. |
343 | |
8f61d649 |
344 | This behavior has been removed. While the class data is still stored |
8dd2f514 |
345 | per-class, it is stored on the metaclass of the class defining the accessor. |
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346 | |
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347 | Therefore anything relying on the side effect of the accessor being copied down |
8dd2f514 |
348 | will be broken. |
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349 | |
1a98f036 |
350 | The following test demonstrates the problem: |
8dd2f514 |
351 | |
352 | { |
353 | package BaseClass; |
354 | use base qw/Class::Data::Inheritable/; |
355 | __PACKAGE__->mk_classdata('foo'); |
356 | } |
357 | |
358 | { |
359 | package Child; |
360 | use base qw/BaseClass/; |
361 | } |
362 | |
363 | BaseClass->foo('base class'); |
364 | Child->foo('sub class'); |
eaae9a92 |
365 | |
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366 | use Test::More; |
8dd2f514 |
367 | isnt(BaseClass->can('foo'), Child->can('foo')); |
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368 | |
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369 | =head2 Extending Catalyst::Request or other classes in an ad-hoc manner using mk_accessors |
7e2ec16e |
370 | |
8dd2f514 |
371 | Previously, it was possible to add additional accessors to Catalyst::Request |
372 | (or other classes) by calling the mk_accessors class method. |
7e2ec16e |
373 | |
8f61d649 |
374 | This is no longer supported - users should make a subclass of the class whose |
375 | behavior they would like to change, rather than globally polluting the |
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376 | Catalyst objects. |
8be895a7 |
377 | |
10011c19 |
378 | =head2 Confused multiple inheritance with Catalyst::Component::COMPONENT |
8be895a7 |
379 | |
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380 | Previously, Catalyst's COMPONENT method would delegate to the method on |
381 | the right hand side, which could then delegate back again with |
382 | NEXT. This is poor practice, and in addition, makes no sense with C3 |
383 | method dispatch order, and is therefore no longer supported. |
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384 | |
ba03ccca |
385 | If a COMPONENT method is detected in the inheritance hierarchy to the right |
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386 | hand side of Catalyst::Component::COMPONENT, then the following warning |
387 | message will be emitted: |
7e2ec16e |
388 | |
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389 | There is a COMPONENT method resolving after Catalyst::Component |
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390 | in ${next_package}. |
8dd2f514 |
391 | |
8f61d649 |
392 | The correct fix is to re-arrange your class's inheritance hierarchy so that the |
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393 | COMPONENT method you would like to inherit is the first (left-hand most) |
394 | COMPONENT method in your @ISA. |
7e2ec16e |
395 | |
c571d2c8 |
396 | =head1 WARNINGS |
397 | |
63b546b1 |
398 | =head2 Actions in your application class |
399 | |
400 | Having actions in your application class will now emit a warning at application |
e256d0e1 |
401 | startup as this is deprecated. It is highly recommended that these actions are moved |
63b546b1 |
402 | into a MyApp::Controller::Root (as demonstrated by the scaffold application |
55dd186c |
403 | generated by catalyst.pl). |
da73c6af |
404 | |
e256d0e1 |
405 | This warning, also affects tests. You should move actions in your test, |
406 | creating a myTest::Controller::Root, like the following example: |
da73c6af |
407 | |
408 | package MyTest::Controller::Root; |
95a52a01 |
409 | |
da73c6af |
410 | use strict; |
411 | use warnings; |
95a52a01 |
412 | |
da73c6af |
413 | use parent 'Catalyst::Controller'; |
95a52a01 |
414 | |
da73c6af |
415 | __PACKAGE__->config(namespace => ''); |
95a52a01 |
416 | |
da73c6af |
417 | sub action : Local { |
418 | my ( $self, $c ) = @_; |
419 | $c->do_something; |
420 | } |
95a52a01 |
421 | |
da73c6af |
422 | 1; |
63b546b1 |
423 | |
ac9279b0 |
424 | =head2 ::[MVC]:: naming scheme |
425 | |
426 | Having packages called MyApp::[MVC]::XX is deprecated and can no longer be generated |
427 | by catalyst.pl |
428 | |
429 | This is still supported, but it is recommended that you rename your application |
430 | components to Model/View/Controller. |
431 | |
432 | A warning will be issued at application startup if the ::[MVC]:: naming scheme is |
433 | in use. |
434 | |
ade00972 |
435 | =head2 Catalyst::Base |
436 | |
8f61d649 |
437 | Any code using L<Catalyst::Base> will now emit a warning; this |
438 | module will be removed in a future release. |
ade00972 |
439 | |
c571d2c8 |
440 | =head2 Methods in Catalyst::Dispatcher |
441 | |
8f61d649 |
442 | The following methods in Catalyst::Dispatcher are implementation |
443 | details, which may change in the 5.8X release series, and therefore their use |
bcc773b9 |
444 | is highly deprecated. |
c571d2c8 |
445 | |
446 | =over |
447 | |
8dd2f514 |
448 | =item tree |
c571d2c8 |
449 | |
8dd2f514 |
450 | =item dispatch_types |
c571d2c8 |
451 | |
8dd2f514 |
452 | =item registered_dispatch_types |
c571d2c8 |
453 | |
8dd2f514 |
454 | =item method_action_class |
c571d2c8 |
455 | |
8dd2f514 |
456 | =item action_hash |
c571d2c8 |
457 | |
458 | =item container_hash |
459 | |
460 | =back |
461 | |
462 | The first time one of these methods is called, a warning will be emitted: |
7e2ec16e |
463 | |
bcc773b9 |
464 | Class $class is calling the deprecated method Catalyst::Dispatcher::$public_method_name, |
465 | this will be removed in Catalyst 5.9X |
7e2ec16e |
466 | |
c571d2c8 |
467 | You should B<NEVER> be calling any of these methods from application code. |
468 | |
8f61d649 |
469 | Plugin authors and maintainers whose plugins currently call these methods |
8f5a2bd9 |
470 | should change to using the public API, or, if you do not feel the public API |
8f61d649 |
471 | adequately supports your use case, please email the development list to |
8f5a2bd9 |
472 | discuss what API features you need so that you can be appropriately supported. |
7e2ec16e |
473 | |
95b20422 |
474 | =head2 Class files with names that don't correspond to the packages they define |
7e2ec16e |
475 | |
e11cac87 |
476 | In this version of Catalyst, if a component is loaded from disk, but no |
ba03ccca |
477 | symbols are defined in that component's name space after it is loaded, this |
bcc773b9 |
478 | warning will be issued: |
7e2ec16e |
479 | |
bcc773b9 |
480 | require $class was successful but the package is not defined. |
7e2ec16e |
481 | |
8f61d649 |
482 | This is to protect against confusing bugs caused by mistyping package names, |
bcc773b9 |
483 | and will become a fatal error in a future version. |
484 | |
485 | Please note that 'inner packages' (via L<Devel::InnerPackage>) are still fully |
8f61d649 |
486 | supported; this warning is only issued when component file naming does not map |
bcc773b9 |
487 | to B<any> of the packages defined within that component. |
7e2ec16e |
488 | |
5687c7f9 |
489 | =head2 $c->plugin method |
490 | |
25f61108 |
491 | Calling the plugin method is deprecated, and calling it at run time is B<highly |
8dd2f514 |
492 | deprecated>. |
7e2ec16e |
493 | |
95a52a01 |
494 | Instead you are recommended to use L<Catalyst::Model::Adaptor> or similar to |
ba03ccca |
495 | compose the functionality you need outside of the main application name space. |
7e2ec16e |
496 | |
4e68badc |
497 | Calling the plugin method will not be supported past Catalyst 5.81. |
bcc773b9 |
498 | |
7e2ec16e |
499 | =cut |
4e68badc |
500 | |