Updated changelog with POD fixes for Catalyst::Test

[catagits/Catalyst-Runtime.git] / lib / Catalyst / Request.pm

package Catalyst::Request;

use IO::Socket qw[AF_INET inet_aton];
use Carp;
use utf8;
use URI::http;
use URI::https;
use URI::QueryParam;
use HTTP::Headers;

use Moose;

use namespace::clean -except => 'meta';

with 'MooseX::Emulate::Class::Accessor::Fast';

has action => (is => 'rw');
has address => (is => 'rw');
has arguments => (is => 'rw', default => sub { [] });
has cookies => (is => 'rw', default => sub { {} });
has query_keywords => (is => 'rw');
has match => (is => 'rw');
has method => (is => 'rw');
has protocol => (is => 'rw');
has query_parameters  => (is => 'rw', default => sub { {} });
has secure => (is => 'rw', default => 0);
has captures => (is => 'rw', default => sub { [] });
has uri => (is => 'rw', predicate => 'has_uri');
has user => (is => 'rw');
has headers => (
  is      => 'rw',
  isa     => 'HTTP::Headers',
  handles => [qw(content_encoding content_length content_type header referer user_agent)],
  default => sub { HTTP::Headers->new() },
  required => 1,
  lazy => 1,
);

# Moose TODO:
# - Can we lose the before modifiers which just call prepare_body ?
#   they are wasteful, slow us down and feel cluttery.
# Can we call prepare_body at BUILD time?
# Can we make _body an attribute, have the rest of 
# these lazy build from there and kill all the direct hash access
# in Catalyst.pm and Engine.pm?

has _context => (
  is => 'rw',
  weak_ref => 1,
  handles => ['read'],
  clearer => '_clear_context',
);

has body_parameters => (
  is => 'rw',
  required => 1,
  lazy => 1,
  default => sub { {} },
);

before body_parameters => sub {
  my ($self) = @_;
  $self->_context->prepare_body();
};

has uploads => (
  is => 'rw',
  required => 1,
  default => sub { {} },
);

has parameters => (
  is => 'rw',
  required => 1,
  lazy => 1,
  default => sub { {} },
);

around parameters => sub {
    my ($orig, $self, $params) = @_;
    if ($params) {
        if ( !ref $params ) {
            $self->_context->log->warn(
                "Attempt to retrieve '$params' with req->params(), " .
                "you probably meant to call req->param('$params')"
            );
            $params = undef;
        }
        return $self->$orig($params);
    }
    $self->$orig();
};

has base => (
  is => 'rw',
  required => 1,
  lazy => 1,
  default => sub {
    my $self = shift;
    return $self->path if $self->has_uri;
  },
);

has _body => (
  is => 'rw', clearer => '_clear_body', predicate => '_has_body',
);
# Eugh, ugly. Should just be able to rename accessor methods to 'body'
#             and provide a custom reader.. 
sub body {
  my $self = shift;
  $self->_context->prepare_body();
  $self->_body(@_) if scalar @_;
  return blessed $self->_body ? $self->_body->body : $self->_body;
}

has hostname => (
  is        => 'rw',
  required  => 1,
  lazy      => 1,
  default   => sub {
    my ($self) = @_;
    gethostbyaddr( inet_aton( $self->address ), AF_INET ) || 'localhost'
  },
);

has _path => ( is => 'rw', predicate => '_has_path', clearer => '_clear_path' );

sub args            { shift->arguments(@_) }
sub body_params     { shift->body_parameters(@_) }
sub input           { shift->body(@_) }
sub params          { shift->parameters(@_) }
sub query_params    { shift->query_parameters(@_) }
sub path_info       { shift->path(@_) }
sub snippets        { shift->captures(@_) }

=head1 NAME

Catalyst::Request - provides information about the current client request

=head1 SYNOPSIS

    $req = $c->request;
    $req->action;
    $req->address;
    $req->arguments;
    $req->args;
    $req->base;
    $req->body;
    $req->body_parameters;
    $req->content_encoding;
    $req->content_length;
    $req->content_type;
    $req->cookie;
    $req->cookies;
    $req->header;
    $req->headers;
    $req->hostname;
    $req->input;
    $req->query_keywords;
    $req->match;
    $req->method;
    $req->param;
    $req->parameters;
    $req->params;
    $req->path;
    $req->protocol;
    $req->query_parameters;
    $req->read;
    $req->referer;
    $req->secure;
    $req->captures; # previously knows as snippets
    $req->upload;
    $req->uploads;
    $req->uri;
    $req->user;
    $req->user_agent;

See also L<Catalyst>, L<Catalyst::Request::Upload>.

=head1 DESCRIPTION

This is the Catalyst Request class, which provides an interface to data for the
current client request. The request object is prepared by L<Catalyst::Engine>,
thus hiding the details of the particular engine implementation.

=head1 METHODS

=head2 $req->action

[DEPRECATED] Returns the name of the requested action.


Use C<< $c->action >> instead (which returns a
L<Catalyst::Action|Catalyst::Action> object).

=head2 $req->address

Returns the IP address of the client.

=head2 $req->arguments

Returns a reference to an array containing the arguments.

    print $c->request->arguments->[0];

For example, if your action was

    package MyApp::C::Foo;

    sub moose : Local {
        ...
    }

and the URI for the request was C<http://.../foo/moose/bah>, the string C<bah>
would be the first and only argument.

Arguments just get passed through and B<don't> get unescaped automatically, so
you should do that explicitly.

=head2 $req->args

Shortcut for arguments.

=head2 $req->base

Contains the URI base. This will always have a trailing slash.

If your application was queried with the URI
C<http://localhost:3000/some/path> then C<base> is C<http://localhost:3000/>.

=head2 $req->body

Returns the message body of the request, unless Content-Type is
C<application/x-www-form-urlencoded> or C<multipart/form-data>.

=head2 $req->body_parameters

Returns a reference to a hash containing body (POST) parameters. Values can
be either a scalar or an arrayref containing scalars.

    print $c->request->body_parameters->{field};
    print $c->request->body_parameters->{field}->[0];

These are the parameters from the POST part of the request, if any.

=head2 $req->body_params

Shortcut for body_parameters.

=head2 $req->content_encoding

Shortcut for $req->headers->content_encoding.

=head2 $req->content_length

Shortcut for $req->headers->content_length.

=head2 $req->content_type

Shortcut for $req->headers->content_type.

=head2 $req->cookie

A convenient method to access $req->cookies.

    $cookie  = $c->request->cookie('name');
    @cookies = $c->request->cookie;

=cut

sub cookie {
    my $self = shift;

    if ( @_ == 0 ) {
        return keys %{ $self->cookies };
    }

    if ( @_ == 1 ) {

        my $name = shift;

        unless ( exists $self->cookies->{$name} ) {
            return undef;
        }

        return $self->cookies->{$name};
    }
}

=head2 $req->cookies

Returns a reference to a hash containing the cookies.

    print $c->request->cookies->{mycookie}->value;

The cookies in the hash are indexed by name, and the values are L<CGI::Cookie>
objects.

=head2 $req->header

Shortcut for $req->headers->header.

=head2 $req->headers

Returns an L<HTTP::Headers> object containing the headers for the current request.

    print $c->request->headers->header('X-Catalyst');

=head2 $req->hostname

Returns the hostname of the client.

=head2 $req->input

Alias for $req->body.

=head2 $req->query_keywords

Contains the keywords portion of a query string, when no '=' signs are
present.

    http://localhost/path?some+keywords
    
    $c->request->query_keywords will contain 'some keywords'

=head2 $req->match

This contains the matching part of a Regex action. Otherwise
it returns the same as 'action', except for default actions,
which return an empty string.

=head2 $req->method

Contains the request method (C<GET>, C<POST>, C<HEAD>, etc).

=head2 $req->param

Returns GET and POST parameters with a CGI.pm-compatible param method. This 
is an alternative method for accessing parameters in $c->req->parameters.

    $value  = $c->request->param( 'foo' );
    @values = $c->request->param( 'foo' );
    @params = $c->request->param;

Like L<CGI>, and B<unlike> earlier versions of Catalyst, passing multiple
arguments to this method, like this:

    $c->request->param( 'foo', 'bar', 'gorch', 'quxx' );

will set the parameter C<foo> to the multiple values C<bar>, C<gorch> and
C<quxx>. Previously this would have added C<bar> as another value to C<foo>
(creating it if it didn't exist before), and C<quxx> as another value for
C<gorch>.

=cut

sub param {
    my $self = shift;

    if ( @_ == 0 ) {
        return keys %{ $self->parameters };
    }

    if ( @_ == 1 ) {

        my $param = shift;

        unless ( exists $self->parameters->{$param} ) {
            return wantarray ? () : undef;
        }

        if ( ref $self->parameters->{$param} eq 'ARRAY' ) {
            return (wantarray)
              ? @{ $self->parameters->{$param} }
              : $self->parameters->{$param}->[0];
        }
        else {
            return (wantarray)
              ? ( $self->parameters->{$param} )
              : $self->parameters->{$param};
        }
    }
    elsif ( @_ > 1 ) {
        my $field = shift;
        $self->parameters->{$field} = [@_];
    }
}

=head2 $req->parameters

Returns a reference to a hash containing GET and POST parameters. Values can
be either a scalar or an arrayref containing scalars.

    print $c->request->parameters->{field};
    print $c->request->parameters->{field}->[0];

This is the combination of C<query_parameters> and C<body_parameters>.

=head2 $req->params

Shortcut for $req->parameters.

=head2 $req->path

Returns the path, i.e. the part of the URI after $req->base, for the current request.

=head2 $req->path_info

Alias for path, added for compatibility with L<CGI>.

=cut

sub path {
    my ( $self, @params ) = @_;

    if (@params) {
        $self->uri->path(@params);
        $self->_clear_path;
    }
    elsif ( $self->_has_path ) {
        return $self->_path;
    }
    else {
        my $path     = $self->uri->path;
        my $location = $self->base->path;
        $path =~ s/^(\Q$location\E)?//;
        $path =~ s/^\///;
        $self->_path($path);

        return $path;
    }
}

=head2 $req->protocol

Returns the protocol (HTTP/1.0 or HTTP/1.1) used for the current request.

=head2 $req->query_parameters

=head2 $req->query_params

Returns a reference to a hash containing query string (GET) parameters. Values can
be either a scalar or an arrayref containing scalars.

    print $c->request->query_parameters->{field};
    print $c->request->query_parameters->{field}->[0];
    
=head2 $req->read( [$maxlength] )

Reads a chunk of data from the request body. This method is intended to be
used in a while loop, reading $maxlength bytes on every call. $maxlength
defaults to the size of the request if not specified.

You have to set MyApp->config->{parse_on_demand} to use this directly.

=head2 $req->referer

Shortcut for $req->headers->referer. Returns the referring page.

=head2 $req->secure

Returns true or false, indicating whether the connection is secure (https).

=head2 $req->captures

Returns a reference to an array containing captured args from chained
actions or regex captures.

    my @captures = @{ $c->request->captures };

=head2 $req->snippets

C<captures> used to be called snippets. This is still available for backwards
compatibility, but is considered deprecated.

=head2 $req->upload

A convenient method to access $req->uploads.

    $upload  = $c->request->upload('field');
    @uploads = $c->request->upload('field');
    @fields  = $c->request->upload;

    for my $upload ( $c->request->upload('field') ) {
        print $upload->filename;
    }

=cut

sub upload {
    my $self = shift;

    if ( @_ == 0 ) {
        return keys %{ $self->uploads };
    }

    if ( @_ == 1 ) {

        my $upload = shift;

        unless ( exists $self->uploads->{$upload} ) {
            return wantarray ? () : undef;
        }

        if ( ref $self->uploads->{$upload} eq 'ARRAY' ) {
            return (wantarray)
              ? @{ $self->uploads->{$upload} }
              : $self->uploads->{$upload}->[0];
        }
        else {
            return (wantarray)
              ? ( $self->uploads->{$upload} )
              : $self->uploads->{$upload};
        }
    }

    if ( @_ > 1 ) {

        while ( my ( $field, $upload ) = splice( @_, 0, 2 ) ) {

            if ( exists $self->uploads->{$field} ) {
                for ( $self->uploads->{$field} ) {
                    $_ = [$_] unless ref($_) eq "ARRAY";
                    push( @$_, $upload );
                }
            }
            else {
                $self->uploads->{$field} = $upload;
            }
        }
    }
}

=head2 $req->uploads

Returns a reference to a hash containing uploads. Values can be either a
L<Catalyst::Request::Upload> object, or an arrayref of 
L<Catalyst::Request::Upload> objects.

    my $upload = $c->request->uploads->{field};
    my $upload = $c->request->uploads->{field}->[0];

=head2 $req->uri

Returns a URI object for the current request. Stringifies to the URI text.

=head2 $req->uri_with( { key => 'value' } );

Returns a rewritten URI object for the current request. Key/value pairs
passed in will override existing parameters. You can remove an existing
parameter by passing in an undef value. Unmodified pairs will be
preserved.

=cut

sub uri_with {
    my( $self, $args ) = @_;
    
    carp( 'No arguments passed to uri_with()' ) unless $args;

    foreach my $value ( values %$args ) {
        next unless defined $value;
        for ( ref $value eq 'ARRAY' ? @$value : $value ) {
            $_ = "$_";
            utf8::encode( $_ ) if utf8::is_utf8($_);
        }
    };
    
    my $uri   = $self->uri->clone;
    my %query = ( %{ $uri->query_form_hash }, %$args );

    $uri->query_form( {
        # remove undef values
        map { defined $query{ $_ } ? ( $_ => $query{ $_ } ) : () } keys %query
    } );
    return $uri;
}

=head2 $req->user

Returns the currently logged in user. Deprecated. The method recommended for
newer plugins is $c->user.

=head2 $req->user_agent

Shortcut to $req->headers->user_agent. Returns the user agent (browser)
version string.

=head2 meta

Provided by Moose

=head1 AUTHORS

Catalyst Contributors, see Catalyst.pm

=head1 COPYRIGHT

This program is free software, you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the same terms as Perl itself.

=cut

__PACKAGE__->meta->make_immutable;

1;