1 package Catalyst::Model::DBIC::Schema;
5 extends 'Catalyst::Model';
6 with 'CatalystX::Component::Traits';
9 $VERSION = eval $VERSION;
11 use namespace::autoclean;
12 use Carp::Clan '^Catalyst::Model::DBIC::Schema';
16 use Catalyst::Model::DBIC::Schema::Types
17 qw/ConnectInfo LoadedClass SchemaClass/;
19 use MooseX::Types::Moose qw/ArrayRef Str ClassName Undef/;
23 Catalyst::Model::DBIC::Schema - DBIx::Class::Schema Model Class
27 First, prepare your database schema using L<DBIx::Class>, see
28 L<Catalyst::Helper::Model::DBIC::Schema> for how to generate a
29 L<DBIx::Class::Schema> from your database using the Helper script, and
30 L<DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader::Base>.
32 A typical usage of the helper script would be:
34 script/myapp_create.pl model FilmDB DBIC::Schema MyApp::Schema::FilmDB \
35 create=static dbi:mysql:filmdb dbusername dbpass \
36 quote_char='`' name_sep='.'
38 If you are unfamiliar with L<DBIx::Class>, see L<DBIx::Class::Manual::Intro>
41 These examples assume that you already have a schema called
42 C<MyApp::Schema::FilmDB>, which defines some Result classes for tables in
43 C<MyApp::Schema::FilmDB::Result::Actor> and
44 C<MyApp::Schema::FilmDB::Result::Film>. Either created by the helper script (as
45 shown above) or manually.
47 The helper also creates a Model in C<lib/MyApp/Model/FilmDB.pm>, if you already
48 have a schema you can create just the Model using:
50 script/myapp_create.pl model FilmDB DBIC::Schema MyApp::Schema::FilmDB
51 dbi:mysql:filmdb dbusername dbpass
53 The connect_info is optional and will be hardcoded into the Model if provided.
54 It's better to configure it in your L<Catalyst> config file, which will also
55 override any hardcoded config, see L</connect_info> for examples.
57 Now you have a working Model which accesses your separate DBIC Schema. This can
58 be used/accessed in the normal Catalyst manner, via C<< $c->model() >>:
60 my $db_model = $c->model('FilmDB'); # a Catalyst::Model
61 my $dbic = $c->model('FilmDB')->schema; # the actual DBIC object
63 The Model proxies to the C<Schema> instance so you can do:
65 my $rs = $db_model->resultset('Actor'); # ... or ...
66 my $rs = $dbic ->resultset('Actor'); # same!
68 There is also a shortcut, which returns a L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet> directly,
69 instead of a L<Catalyst::Model>:
71 my $rs = $c->model('FilmDB::Actor');
73 See L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet> to find out more about which methods can be
76 You can also define your own ResultSet methods to encapsulate the
77 database/business logic of your applications. These go into, for example,
78 C<lib/MyApp/Schema/FilmDB/ResultSet/Actor.pm>. The class must inherit from
79 L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet> and is automatically loaded.
81 Then call your methods like any other L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet> method:
83 $c->model('FilmDB::Actor')->SAG_members
87 # to access schema methods directly:
88 $c->model('FilmDB')->schema->source(...);
90 # to access the source object, resultset, and class:
91 $c->model('FilmDB')->source(...);
92 $c->model('FilmDB')->resultset(...);
93 $c->model('FilmDB')->class(...);
95 # For resultsets, there's an even quicker shortcut:
96 $c->model('FilmDB::Actor')
97 # is the same as $c->model('FilmDB')->resultset('Actor')
99 # To get the composed schema for making new connections:
100 my $newconn = $c->model('FilmDB')->composed_schema->connect(...);
102 # Or the same thing via a convenience shortcut:
103 my $newconn = $c->model('FilmDB')->connect(...);
105 # or, if your schema works on different storage drivers:
106 my $newconn = $c->model('FilmDB')->composed_schema->clone();
107 $newconn->storage_type('::LDAP');
108 $newconn->connection(...);
110 # and again, a convenience shortcut
111 my $newconn = $c->model('FilmDB')->clone();
112 $newconn->storage_type('::LDAP');
113 $newconn->connection(...);
115 To set up authentication, see L</"Setting up DBIC authentication"> below.
119 This is a Catalyst Model for L<DBIx::Class::Schema>-based Models. See
120 the documentation for L<Catalyst::Helper::Model::DBIC::Schema> for
121 information on generating these Models via Helper scripts.
123 When your Catalyst app starts up, a thin Model layer is created as an interface
124 to your DBIC Schema. It should be clearly noted that the model object returned
125 by C<< $c->model('FilmDB') >> is NOT itself a DBIC schema or resultset object,
126 but merely a wrapper proving L<methods|/METHODS> to access the underlying
127 schema (but also proxies other methods to the underlying schema.)
129 In addition to this model class, a shortcut class is generated for each
130 source in the schema, allowing easy and direct access to a resultset of the
131 corresponding type. These generated classes are even thinner than the model
132 class, providing no public methods but simply hooking into Catalyst's
133 model() accessor via the
134 L<ACCEPT_CONTEXT|Catalyst::Component/ACCEPT_CONTEXT> mechanism. The complete
135 contents of each generated class is roughly equivalent to the following:
137 package MyApp::Model::FilmDB::Actor
140 $c->model('FilmDB')->resultset('Actor');
143 In short, there are three techniques available for obtaining a DBIC
147 my $rs = $c->model('FilmDB')->schema->resultset('Actor');
149 # using the shortcut method on the model object
150 my $rs = $c->model('FilmDB')->resultset('Actor');
152 # using the generated class directly
153 my $rs = $c->model('FilmDB::Actor');
155 In order to add methods to a DBIC resultset, you cannot simply add them to
156 the source (row, table) definition class; you must define a separate custom
157 resultset class. This is just a matter of making a
158 C<lib/MyApp/Schema/ResultSet/Actor.pm> class that inherits from
159 L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet>, if you are using
160 L<DBIx::Class::Schema/load_namespaces>, the default for helper script generated
163 See L<DBIx::Class::Manual::Cookbook/"Predefined searches">
164 for information on definining your own L<DBIx::Class::ResultSet> classes for
165 use with L<DBIx::Class::Schema/load_classes>, the old default.
167 =head1 CONFIG PARAMETERS
169 Any options in your config not listed here are passed to your schema.
173 This is the classname of your L<DBIx::Class::Schema> Schema. It needs
174 to be findable in C<@INC>, but it does not need to be inside the
175 C<Catalyst::Model::> namespace. This parameter is required.
179 This is an arrayref of connection parameters, which are specific to your
180 C<storage_type> (see your storage type documentation for more details).
181 If you only need one parameter (e.g. the DSN), you can just pass a string
182 instead of an arrayref.
184 This is not required if C<schema_class> already has connection information
185 defined inside itself (which isn't highly recommended, but can be done)
187 For L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI>, which is the only supported
188 C<storage_type> in L<DBIx::Class> at the time of this writing, the
189 parameters are your dsn, username, password, and connect options hashref.
191 See L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI/connect_info> for a detailed explanation
192 of the arguments supported.
197 dsn => 'dbi:Pg:dbname=mypgdb',
203 dsn => 'dbi:SQLite:dbname=foo.db',
205 'PRAGMA synchronous = OFF',
210 dsn => 'dbi:Pg:dbname=mypgdb',
215 'some SQL statement',
216 'another SQL statement',
220 Or using L<Config::General>:
223 schema_class MyApp::Schema::FilmDB
226 dsn dbi:Pg:dbname=mypgdb
231 on_connect_do some SQL statement
232 on_connect_do another SQL statement
234 user_defined_schema_accessor foo
240 schema_class MyApp::Schema::FilmDB
241 connect_info dbi:SQLite:dbname=foo.db
255 on_connect_call: 'datetime_setup'
258 The old arrayref style with hashrefs for L<DBI> then L<DBIx::Class> options is also
262 'dbi:Pg:dbname=mypgdb',
271 'some SQL statement',
272 'another SQL statement',
279 Array of Traits to apply to the instance. Traits are L<Moose::Role>s.
281 They are relative to the C<< MyApp::TraitFor::Model::DBIC::Schema:: >>, then the C<<
282 Catalyst::TraitFor::Model::DBIC::Schema:: >> namespaces, unless prefixed with C<+>
283 in which case they are taken to be a fully qualified name. E.g.:
286 traits +MyApp::TraitFor::Model::Foo
288 A new instance is created at application time, so any consumed required
289 attributes, coercions and modifiers will work.
291 Traits are applied at L<Catalyst::Component/COMPONENT> time using
292 L<CatalystX::Component::Traits>.
294 C<ref $self> will be an anon class if any traits are applied, C<<
295 $self->_original_class_name >> will be the original class.
297 When writing a Trait, interesting points to modify are C<BUILD>, L</setup> and
300 Traits that come with the distribution:
304 =item L<Catalyst::TraitFor::Model::DBIC::Schema::Caching>
306 =item L<Catalyst::TraitFor::Model::DBIC::Schema::Replicated>
312 Allows the use of a different C<storage_type> than what is set in your
313 C<schema_class> (which in turn defaults to C<::DBI> if not set in current
314 L<DBIx::Class>). Completely optional, and probably unnecessary for most
315 people until other storage backends become available for L<DBIx::Class>.
319 The keys you pass in the model configuration are available as attributes.
321 Other attributes available:
325 Your connect_info args normalized to hashref form (with dsn/user/password.) See
326 L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI/connect_info> for more info on the hashref form of
331 The model name L<Catalyst> uses to resolve this model, the part after
332 C<::Model::> or C<::M::> in your class name. E.g. if your class name is
333 C<MyApp::Model::DB> the L</model_name> will be C<DB>.
335 =head2 _default_cursor_class
337 What to reset your L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI/cursor_class> to if a custom one
338 doesn't work out. Defaults to L<DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor>.
340 =head1 ATTRIBUTES FROM L<MooseX::Traits::Pluggable>
342 =head2 _original_class_name
344 The class name of your model before any L</traits> are applied. E.g.
349 Unresolved arrayref of traits passed in the config.
351 =head2 _resolved_traits
353 Traits you used resolved to full class names.
357 Methods not listed here are delegated to the connected schema used by the model
358 instance, so the following are equivalent:
360 $c->model('DB')->schema->my_accessor('foo');
362 $c->model('DB')->my_accessor('foo');
364 Methods on the model take precedence over schema methods.
368 Instantiates the Model based on the above-documented ->config parameters.
369 The only required parameter is C<schema_class>. C<connect_info> is
370 required in the case that C<schema_class> does not already have connection
371 information defined for it.
375 Accessor which returns the connected schema being used by the this model.
376 There are direct shortcuts on the model class itself for
377 schema->resultset, schema->source, and schema->class.
379 =head2 composed_schema
381 Accessor which returns the composed schema, which has no connection info,
382 which was used in constructing the C<schema> above. Useful for creating
383 new connections based on the same schema/model. There are direct shortcuts
384 from the model object for composed_schema->clone and composed_schema->connect
388 Shortcut for ->composed_schema->clone
392 Shortcut for ->composed_schema->connect
396 Shortcut for ->schema->source
400 Shortcut for ->schema->class
404 Shortcut for ->schema->resultset
408 Provides an accessor for the connected schema's storage object.
409 Used often for debugging and controlling transactions.
413 has schema_class => (
420 has storage_type => (is => 'rw', isa => Str);
422 has connect_info => (is => 'rw', isa => ConnectInfo, coerce => 1);
431 has _default_cursor_class => (
434 default => 'DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI::Cursor',
439 my ($self, $args) = @_;
440 my $class = $self->_original_class_name;
441 my $schema_class = $self->schema_class;
443 if( !$self->connect_info ) {
444 if($schema_class->storage && $schema_class->storage->connect_info) {
445 $self->connect_info($schema_class->storage->connect_info);
448 die "Either ->config->{connect_info} must be defined for $class"
449 . " or $schema_class must have connect info defined on it."
450 . " Here's what we got:\n"
455 if (exists $self->connect_info->{cursor_class}) {
456 eval { Class::MOP::load_class($self->connect_info->{cursor_class}) }
457 or croak "invalid connect_info: Cannot load your cursor_class"
458 . " ".$self->connect_info->{cursor_class}.": $@";
463 $self->composed_schema($schema_class->compose_namespace($class));
465 my $was_mutable = $self->meta->is_mutable;
467 $self->meta->make_mutable;
468 $self->meta->add_attribute('schema',
470 isa => 'DBIx::Class::Schema',
471 handles => $self->_delegates
473 $self->meta->make_immutable unless $was_mutable;
475 $self->schema($self->composed_schema->clone);
477 $self->_pass_options_to_schema($args);
479 $self->schema->storage_type($self->storage_type)
480 if $self->storage_type;
482 $self->schema->connection($self->connect_info);
484 $self->_install_rs_models;
487 sub clone { shift->composed_schema->clone(@_); }
489 sub connect { shift->composed_schema->connect(@_); }
493 Called at C<BUILD> time before configuration, but after L</connect_info> is
494 set. To do something after configuuration use C<< after BUILD => >>.
500 =head2 ACCEPT_CONTEXT
502 Point of extension for doing things at C<< $c->model >> time with context,
503 returns the model instance, see L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro/ACCEPT_CONTEXT> for
508 sub ACCEPT_CONTEXT { shift }
510 sub _install_rs_models {
512 my $class = $self->_original_class_name;
516 my @sources = $self->schema->sources;
519 warn <<'EOF' unless $ENV{CMDS_NO_SOURCES};
520 ******************************* WARNING ***************************************
521 * No sources found (did you forget to define your tables?) *
523 * To turn off this warning, set the CMDS_NO_SOURCES environment variable. *
524 *******************************************************************************
528 foreach my $moniker (@sources) {
529 my $classname = "${class}::$moniker";
530 *{"${classname}::ACCEPT_CONTEXT"} = sub {
532 shift->model($self->model_name)->resultset($moniker);
537 sub _reset_cursor_class {
540 if ($self->storage->can('cursor_class')) {
541 $self->storage->cursor_class($self->_default_cursor_class)
542 if $self->storage->cursor_class ne $self->_default_cursor_class;
549 sub composed_schema {
551 my $class = $self->_original_class_name;
552 my $store = \$COMPOSED_CACHE{$class}{$self->schema_class};
554 $$store = shift if @_;
560 sub _build_model_name {
562 my $class = $self->_original_class_name;
563 (my $model_name = $class) =~ s/^[\w:]+::(?:Model|M):://;
571 my $schema_meta = Class::MOP::Class->initialize($self->schema_class);
572 my @schema_methods = $schema_meta->get_all_method_names;
574 # combine with any already added by other schemas
576 @{ $self->meta->find_attribute_by_name('schema')->handles }
579 # now kill the attribute, otherwise add_attribute in BUILD will not do the right
580 # thing (it clears the handles for some reason.) May be a Moose bug.
581 eval { $self->meta->remove_attribute('schema') };
584 @schema_methods{ @schema_methods, @handles } = ();
585 @schema_methods = keys %schema_methods;
587 my @my_methods = $self->meta->get_all_method_names;
589 @my_methods{@my_methods} = ();
592 for my $method (@schema_methods) {
593 push @delegates, $method unless exists $my_methods{$method};
599 sub _pass_options_to_schema {
600 my ($self, $args) = @_;
602 my @attributes = map {
604 } $self->meta->get_all_attributes;
607 @attributes{@attributes} = ();
609 for my $opt (keys %$args) {
610 if (not exists $attributes{$opt}) {
611 next unless $self->schema->can($opt);
612 $self->schema->$opt($self->{$opt});
617 __PACKAGE__->meta->make_immutable;
623 =item CMDS_NO_SOURCES
625 Set this variable if you will be using schemas with no sources (Result classes)
626 to disable the warning. The warning is there because having no Result classes
627 is usually a mistake.
631 =head1 Setting up DBIC authentication
633 You can set this up with
634 L<Catalyst::Authentication::Store::DBIx::Class> in MyApp.pm:
638 use Catalyst qw/... Authentication .../;
642 __PACKAGE__->config('Plugin::Authentication' =>
644 default_realm => 'members',
648 password_field => 'password',
649 password_type => 'hashed'
650 password_hash_type => 'SHA-256'
653 class => 'DBIx::Class',
654 user_model => 'DB::User',
655 role_relation => 'roles',
656 role_field => 'rolename',
663 General Catalyst Stuff:
665 L<Catalyst::Manual>, L<Catalyst::Test>, L<Catalyst::Request>,
666 L<Catalyst::Response>, L<Catalyst::Helper>, L<Catalyst>,
668 Stuff related to DBIC and this Model style:
670 L<DBIx::Class>, L<DBIx::Class::Schema>,
671 L<DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader>, L<Catalyst::Helper::Model::DBIC::Schema>,
672 L<CatalystX::Component::Traits>, L<MooseX::Traits::Pluggable>
676 L<Catalyst::TraitFor::Model::DBIC::Schema::Caching>,
677 L<Catalyst::TraitFor::Model::DBIC::Schema::Replicated>,
678 L<Catalyst::TraitFor::Model::DBIC::Schema::QueryLog>
682 Brandon L Black C<blblack at gmail.com>
686 caelum: Rafael Kitover C<rkitover at cpan.org>
688 dandv: Dan Dascalescu C<dandv at cpan.org>
690 bluefeet: Aran Deltac C<bluefeet@cpan.org>
692 t0m: Tomas Doran C<bobtfish@bobtfish.net>
694 osfameron: C<osfameron@cpan.org>
696 ozum: Ozum Eldogan C<ozum@ozum.net>
700 Copyright (c) 2006 - 2009
701 the Catalyst::Model::DBIC::Schema L</AUTHOR> and L</CONTRIBUTORS>
706 This program is free software. You can redistribute it and/or modify it
707 under the same terms as Perl itself.