fix typos

[catagits/Catalyst-Manual.git] / lib / Catalyst / Manual / Tutorial / 10_Appendices.pod

=head1 NAME

Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::10_Appendices - Catalyst Tutorial - Chapter 10: Appendices


=head1 OVERVIEW

This is B<Chapter 10 of 10> for the Catalyst tutorial.

L<Tutorial Overview|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial>

=over 4

=item 1

L<Introduction|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::01_Intro>

=item 2

L<Catalyst Basics|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::02_CatalystBasics>

=item 3

L<More Catalyst Basics|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::03_MoreCatalystBasics>

=item 4

L<Basic CRUD|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::04_BasicCRUD>

=item 5

L<Authentication|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::05_Authentication>

=item 6

L<Authorization|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::06_Authorization>

=item 7

L<Debugging|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::07_Debugging>

=item 8

L<Testing|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::08_Testing>

=item 9

L<Advanced CRUD|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::09_AdvancedCRUD>

=item 10

B<10_Appendices>

=back


=head1 DESCRIPTION

This chapter of the tutorial provides supporting information relevant to
the Catalyst tutorial.


=head1 APPENDIX 1: CUT AND PASTE FOR POD-BASED EXAMPLES

You may notice that Pod indents example code with four spaces.  This
section provides some quick advice to "un-indent" this text in common
editors.

=head2 "Un-indenting" with Vi/Vim

When cutting and pasting multi-line text from Pod-based documents, the
following vi/vim regexs can be helpful to "un-indent" the inserted text
(do NOT type the quotes, they are only included to show spaces in the
regex patterns).  I<Note that all 3 of the regexs end in 4 spaces>:

=over 4

=item *

":0,$s/^    "

Removes four leading spaces from the entire file (from the first line,
C<0>, to the last line, C<$>).

=item *

"%s/^    "

A shortcut for the previous item (C<%> specifies the entire file; so
this removes four leading spaces from every line).

=item *

":.,$s/^    "

Removes the first four spaces from the line the cursor is on at the time
the regex command is executed (".") to the last line of the file.

=item *

":.,44s/^    "

Removes four leading space from the current line through line 44
(obviously adjust the C<44> to the appropriate value in your example).

=back

=head2 "Un-indenting" with Emacs

Although the author has not used Emacs for many years (apologies to
the Emacs fans out there), here is a quick hint to get you started.  To
replace the leading spaces of every line in a file, use:

    M-x replace-regexp<RET>
    Replace regexp: ^    <RET>
    with: <RET>

All of that will occur on the single line at the bottom of your screen.
Note that "<RET>" represents the return key/enter.  Also, there are
four spaces after the "^" on the "Replace regexp:" line and no spaces
entered on the last line.

You can limit the replacement operation by selecting text first (depending
on your version of Emacs, you can either use the mouse or experiment with
commands such as C<C-SPC> to set the mark at the cursor location and
C<C-E<lt>> and C<C-E<gt>> to set the mark at the beginning and end of the
file respectively.

Also, Stefan Kangas sent in the following tip about an alternate 
approach using the command C<indent-region> to redo the indentation 
for the currently selected region (adhering to indent rules in the 
current major mode). You can run the command by typing M-x 
indent-region or pressing the default keybinding C-M-\ in cperl-mode. 
Additional details can be found here:

L<http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/html_node/emacs/Indentation-Commands.html>


=head1 APPENDIX 2: USING POSTGRESQL AND MYSQL

The main database used in this tutorial is the very simple yet powerful
SQLite (L<http://www.sqlite.org>).  This section provides information
that can be used to "convert" the tutorial to use
PostgreSQL (L<http://www.postgresql.org>) and
MySQL (L<http://dev.mysql.com>).  However, note that part of
the beauty of the MVC architecture is that very little database-specific
code is spread throughout the system (at least when MVC is "done
right").  Consequently, converting from one database to another is
relatively painless with most Catalyst applications.  In general, you
just need to adapt the schema definition C<.sql> file you use to
initialize your database and adjust a few configuration parameters.

Also note that the purpose of the data definition statements for this
section are not designed to take maximum advantage of the various
features in each database for issues such as referential integrity and
field types/constraints.


=head2 PostgreSQL

Use the following steps to adapt the tutorial to PostgreSQL.  Thanks 
to Caelum (Rafael Kitover) for assistance with the most recent 
updates, and Louis Moore, Marcello Romani and Tom Lanyon for help with 
earlier versions.

=over 4

=item *

Chapter 3: More Catalyst Basics

=over 4

=item *

Install the PostgreSQL server and client and DBD::Pg:

If you are following along in Debian 5, you can quickly install these 
items via this command:

    sudo aptitude install postgresql libdbd-pg-perl libdatetime-format-pg-perl

To configure the permissions, you can open 
C</etc/postgresql/8.3/main/pg_hba.conf> and change this line (near the 
bottom):

    # "local" is for Unix domain socket connections only
    local   all         all                               ident sameuser

to:

    # "local" is for Unix domain socket connections only
    local   all         all                               trust

And then restart PostgreSQL:

    sudo /etc/init.d/postgresql-8.3 restart


=item *

Create the database and a user for the database (note that we are 
using "E<lt>catalystE<gt>" to represent the hidden password of 
"catalyst"):

    $ sudo -u postgres createuser -P catappuser
    Enter password for new role: <catalyst>
    Enter it again: <catalyst>
    Shall the new role be a superuser? (y/n) n
    Shall the new role be allowed to create databases? (y/n) n
    Shall the new role be allowed to create more new roles? (y/n) n
    CREATE ROLE
    $ sudo -u postgres createdb -O catappuser catappdb
    CREATE DATABASE

=item *

Create the C<.sql> file and load the data:

=over 4

=item *

Open the C<myapp01_psql.sql> in your editor and enter:

    --
    -- Drops just in case you are reloading
    ---
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS books CASCADE;
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS authors CASCADE;
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS book_authors CASCADE;
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS users CASCADE;
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS roles CASCADE;
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS user_roles CASCADE;
    
    --
    -- Create a very simple database to hold book and author information
    --
    CREATE TABLE books (
        id          SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
        title       TEXT ,
        rating      INTEGER,
        -- Manually add these later
        -- created     TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
        -- updated     TIMESTAMP
    );
    
    CREATE TABLE authors (
        id          SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
        first_name  TEXT,
        last_name   TEXT
    );
    
    -- 'book_authors' is a many-to-many join table between books & authors
    CREATE TABLE book_authors (
        book_id     INTEGER REFERENCES books(id) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE,
        author_id   INTEGER REFERENCES authors(id) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE,
        PRIMARY KEY (book_id, author_id)
    );
    
    ---
    --- Load some sample data
    ---
    INSERT INTO books (title, rating) VALUES ('CCSP SNRS Exam Certification Guide', 5);
    INSERT INTO books (title, rating) VALUES ('TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1', 5);
    INSERT INTO books (title, rating) VALUES ('Internetworking with TCP/IP Vol.1', 4);
    INSERT INTO books (title, rating) VALUES ('Perl Cookbook', 5);
    INSERT INTO books (title, rating) VALUES ('Designing with Web Standards', 5);
    INSERT INTO authors (first_name, last_name) VALUES ('Greg', 'Bastien');
    INSERT INTO authors (first_name, last_name) VALUES ('Sara', 'Nasseh');
    INSERT INTO authors (first_name, last_name) VALUES ('Christian', 'Degu');
    INSERT INTO authors (first_name, last_name) VALUES ('Richard', 'Stevens');
    INSERT INTO authors (first_name, last_name) VALUES ('Douglas', 'Comer');
    INSERT INTO authors (first_name, last_name) VALUES ('Tom', 'Christiansen');
    INSERT INTO authors (first_name, last_name) VALUES ('Nathan', 'Torkington');
    INSERT INTO authors (first_name, last_name) VALUES ('Jeffrey', 'Zeldman');
    INSERT INTO book_authors VALUES (1, 1);
    INSERT INTO book_authors VALUES (1, 2);
    INSERT INTO book_authors VALUES (1, 3);
    INSERT INTO book_authors VALUES (2, 4);
    INSERT INTO book_authors VALUES (3, 5);
    INSERT INTO book_authors VALUES (4, 6);
    INSERT INTO book_authors VALUES (4, 7);
    INSERT INTO book_authors VALUES (5, 8);

=item *

Load the data:

    $ psql -U catappuser -W catappdb -f myapp01_psql.sql
    Password for user catappuser: 
    psql:myapp01_psql.sql:8: NOTICE:  CREATE TABLE will create implicit sequence "books_id_seq" for serial column "books.id"
    psql:myapp01_psql.sql:8: NOTICE:  CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "books_pkey" for table "books"
    CREATE TABLE
    psql:myapp01_psql.sql:15: NOTICE:  CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "book_authors_pkey" for table "book_authors"
    CREATE TABLE
    psql:myapp01_psql.sql:21: NOTICE:  CREATE TABLE will create implicit sequence "authors_id_seq" for serial column "authors.id"
    psql:myapp01_psql.sql:21: NOTICE:  CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "authors_pkey" for table "authors"
    CREATE TABLE
    INSERT 0 1
    INSERT 0 1
    INSERT 0 1
    ...

=item *

Make sure the data loaded correctly:

    $ psql -U catappuser -W catappdb
    Password for user catappuser: <catalyst>
    Welcome to psql 8.3.7, the PostgreSQL interactive terminal.
    
    Type:  \copyright for distribution terms
           \h for help with SQL commands
           \? for help with psql commands
           \g or terminate with semicolon to execute query
           \q to quit
    
    catappdb=> \dt
                 List of relations
     Schema |     Name     | Type  |   Owner    
    --------+--------------+-------+------------
     public | authors      | table | catappuser
     public | book_authors | table | catappuser
     public | books        | table | catappuser
    (3 rows)
    
    catappdb=> select * from books;
     id |               title                | rating 
    ----+------------------------------------+--------
      1 | CCSP SNRS Exam Certification Guide |      5
      2 | TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1       |      5
      3 | Internetworking with TCP/IP Vol.1  |      4
      4 | Perl Cookbook                      |      5
      5 | Designing with Web Standards       |      5
    (5 rows)
    
    catappdb=> 

=back

=item *

After the steps where you:

    edit lib/MyApp.pm
    
    create lib/MyAppDB.pm
    
    create lib/MyAppDB/Book.pm
    
    create lib/MyAppDB/Author.pm
    
    create lib/MyAppDB/BookAuthor.pm


=item *

Generate the model using the Catalyst "_create.pl" script:

    $ rm lib/MyApp/Model/DB.pm   # Delete just in case already there
    $ script/myapp_create.pl model DB DBIC::Schema MyApp::Schema \
        create=static components=TimeStamp,EncodedColumn \
        'dbi:Pg:dbname=catappdb' 'catappuser' 'catalyst' '{ AutoCommit => 1 }'

=back

=item *

Chapter 4: Basic CRUD

Add Datetime Columns to Our Existing Books Table

    $ psql -U catappuser -W catappdb
    ...
    catappdb=> ALTER TABLE books ADD created TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT now();
    ALTER TABLE
    catappdb=> ALTER TABLE books ADD updated TIMESTAMP;
    ALTER TABLE
    catappdb=> \q

Re-generate the model using the Catalyst "_create.pl" script:

    $ script/myapp_create.pl model DB DBIC::Schema MyApp::Schema \
        create=static components=TimeStamp,EncodedColumn \
        'dbi:Pg:dbname=catappdb' 'catappuser' 'catalyst' '{ AutoCommit => 1 }'


=item *

Chapter 5: Authentication

=over 4

=item *

Create the C<.sql> file for the user/roles data:

Open C<myapp02_psql.sql> in your editor and enter:

    --
    -- Add users and roles tables, along with a many-to-many join table
    --
    
    CREATE TABLE users (
        id            SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
        username      TEXT,
        password      TEXT,
        email_address TEXT,
        first_name    TEXT,
        last_name     TEXT,
        active        INTEGER
    );
    
    CREATE TABLE roles (
        id   SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
        role TEXT
    );
    
    CREATE TABLE user_roles (
        user_id INTEGER REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE,
        role_id INTEGER REFERENCES roles(id) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE,
        PRIMARY KEY (user_id, role_id)
    );
    
    --
    -- Load up some initial test data
    --
    INSERT INTO users (username, password, email_address, first_name, last_name, active) 
        VALUES ('test01', 'mypass', 't01@na.com', 'Joe',  'Blow', 1);
    INSERT INTO users (username, password, email_address, first_name, last_name, active) 
        VALUES ('test02', 'mypass', 't02@na.com', 'Jane', 'Doe',  1);
    INSERT INTO users (username, password, email_address, first_name, last_name, active)
        VALUES ('test03', 'mypass', 't03@na.com', 'No',   'Go',   0);
    INSERT INTO roles (role) VALUES ('user');
    INSERT INTO roles (role) VALUES ('admin');
    INSERT INTO user_roles VALUES (1, 1);
    INSERT INTO user_roles VALUES (1, 2);
    INSERT INTO user_roles VALUES (2, 1);
    INSERT INTO user_roles VALUES (3, 1);

=item *

Load the data:

    $ psql -U catappuser -W catappdb -f myapp02_psql.sql
    Password for user catappuser: <catalyst>
    psql:myapp02_psql.sql:13: NOTICE:  CREATE TABLE will create implicit sequence "users_id_seq" for serial column "users.id"
    psql:myapp02_psql.sql:13: NOTICE:  CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "users_pkey" for table "users"
    CREATE TABLE
    psql:myapp02_psql.sql:18: NOTICE:  CREATE TABLE will create implicit sequence "roles_id_seq" for serial column "roles.id"
    psql:myapp02_psql.sql:18: NOTICE:  CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "roles_pkey" for table "roles"
    CREATE TABLE
    psql:myapp02_psql.sql:24: NOTICE:  CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "user_roles_pkey" for table "user_roles"
    CREATE TABLE
    INSERT 0 1
    INSERT 0 1
    INSERT 0 1
    INSERT 0 1
    INSERT 0 1
    INSERT 0 1
    INSERT 0 1
    INSERT 0 1
    INSERT 0 1

Confirm with:

    $ psql -U catappuser -W catappdb -c "select * from users"
    Password for user catappuser: <catalyst>
     id | username | password | email_address | first_name | last_name | active 
    ----+----------+----------+---------------+------------+-----------+--------
      1 | test01   | mypass   | t01@na.com    | Joe        | Blow      |      1
      2 | test02   | mypass   | t02@na.com    | Jane       | Doe       |      1
      3 | test03   | mypass   | t03@na.com    | No         | Go        |      0
    (3 rows)


=item *

Modify C<set_hashed_passwords.pl> to match the following (the only difference
is the C<connect> line):

    #!/usr/bin/perl
    
    use strict;
    use warnings;
    
    use MyApp::Schema;
    
    my $schema = MyApp::Schema->connect('dbi:Pg:dbname=catappdb', 'catappuser', 'catalyst');
    
    my @users = $schema->resultset('Users')->all;
    
    foreach my $user (@users) {
        $user->password('mypass');
        $user->update;
    }

Run the C<set_hashed_passwords.pl> as per the "normal" flow of the 
tutorial:

    $ perl -Ilib set_hashed_passwords.pl

You can verify that it worked with this command:

    $ psql -U catappuser -W catappdb -c "select * from users"


=back

=back


=head2 MySQL

B<NOTE:> This section is out of date with the rest of the tutorial.
Consider using SQLite or PostgreSQL since they are current.

Use the following steps to adapt the tutorial to MySQL.  Thanks to Jim
Howard for the help.

=over 4

=item *

Chapter 3: Catalyst Basics

=over 4

=item *

Install the required software:

=over 4

=item *

The MySQL database server and client utility.

=item *

The Perl C<DBD::MySQL> module

=back

For CentOS users (see
L<Catalyst::Manual::Installation::CentOS4|Catalyst::Manual::Installation::CentOS4>),
you can use the following commands to install the software and start the MySQL
daemon:

    yum -y install mysql mysql-server
    service mysqld start

=item *

Create the database and set the permissions:

    $ mysql
    Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
    Your MySQL connection id is 2 to server version: 4.1.20
    
    Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.
    
    mysql> create database myapp;
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
    
    mysql> grant all on myapp.* to tutorial@'localhost';
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> flush privileges;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> quit
    Bye

=item *

Create the C<.sql> file and load the data:

=over 4

=item *

Open the C<myapp01_mysql.sql> in your editor and enter:

    --
    -- Create a very simple database to hold book and author information
    --
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS books;
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS book_authors;
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS authors;
    CREATE TABLE books (
           id          INT(11) PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
           title       TEXT ,
           rating      INT(11)
    );
    -- 'book_authors' is a many-to-many join table between books & authors
    CREATE TABLE book_authors (
           book_id     INT(11),
           author_id   INT(11),
           PRIMARY KEY (book_id, author_id)
    );
    CREATE TABLE authors (
           id          INT(11) PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
           first_name  TEXT,
           last_name   TEXT
    );
    ---
    --- Load some sample data
    ---
    INSERT INTO books VALUES (1, 'CCSP SNRS Exam Certification Guide', 5);
    INSERT INTO books VALUES (2, 'TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1', 5);
    INSERT INTO books VALUES (3, 'Internetworking with TCP/IP Vol.1', 4);
    INSERT INTO books VALUES (4, 'Perl Cookbook', 5);
    INSERT INTO books VALUES (5, 'Designing with Web Standards', 5);
    INSERT INTO authors VALUES (1, 'Greg', 'Bastien');
    INSERT INTO authors VALUES (2, 'Sara', 'Nasseh');
    INSERT INTO authors VALUES (3, 'Christian', 'Degu');
    INSERT INTO authors VALUES (4, 'Richard', 'Stevens');
    INSERT INTO authors VALUES (5, 'Douglas', 'Comer');
    INSERT INTO authors VALUES (6, 'Tom', 'Christiansen');
    INSERT INTO authors VALUES (7, ' Nathan', 'Torkington');
    INSERT INTO authors VALUES (8, 'Jeffrey', 'Zeldman');
    INSERT INTO book_authors VALUES (1, 1);
    INSERT INTO book_authors VALUES (1, 2);
    INSERT INTO book_authors VALUES (1, 3);
    INSERT INTO book_authors VALUES (2, 4);
    INSERT INTO book_authors VALUES (3, 5);
    INSERT INTO book_authors VALUES (4, 6);
    INSERT INTO book_authors VALUES (4, 7);
    INSERT INTO book_authors VALUES (5, 8);

=item *

Load the data:

    mysql -ututorial myapp < myapp01_mysql.sql

=item *

Make sure the data loaded correctly:

    $ mysql -ututorial myapp
    Reading table information for completion of table and column names
    You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
    
    Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
    Your MySQL connection id is 4 to server version: 4.1.20
    
    Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.
    
    mysql> show tables;
    +-----------------+
    | Tables_in_myapp |
    +-----------------+
    | authors         |
    | book_authors    |
    | books           |
    +-----------------+
    3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> select * from books;
    +----+------------------------------------+--------+
    | id | title                              | rating |
    +----+------------------------------------+--------+
    |  1 | CCSP SNRS Exam Certification Guide |      5 |
    |  2 | TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1       |      5 |
    |  3 | Internetworking with TCP/IP Vol.1  |      4 |
    |  4 | Perl Cookbook                      |      5 |
    |  5 | Designing with Web Standards       |      5 |
    +----+------------------------------------+--------+
    5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql>

=back

=item *

Update the model:

=over 4

=item *

Delete the existing model:

    rm lib/MyApp/Model/MyAppDB.pm

=item *

Regenerate the model using the Catalyst "_create.pl" script:

    script/myapp_create.pl model DB DBIC::Schema MyApp::Schema \
        dbi:mysql:myapp '_username_here_' '_password_here_' '{ AutoCommit => 1 }'

=back

=back

=item *

Chapter 5: Authentication

=over 4

=item *

Create the C<.sql> file for the user/roles data:

Open C<myapp02_mysql.sql> in your editor and enter:

    --
    -- Add users and roles tables, along with a many-to-many join table
    --
    CREATE TABLE users (
            id            INT(11) PRIMARY KEY,
            username      TEXT,
            password      TEXT,
            email_address TEXT,
            first_name    TEXT,
            last_name     TEXT,
            active        INT(11)
    );
    CREATE TABLE roles (
            id   INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
            role TEXT
    );
    CREATE TABLE user_roles (
            user_id INT(11),
            role_id INT(11),
            PRIMARY KEY (user_id, role_id)
    );
    --
    -- Load up some initial test data
    --
    INSERT INTO users VALUES (1, 'test01', 'mypass', 't01@na.com', 'Joe',  'Blow', 1);
    INSERT INTO users VALUES (2, 'test02', 'mypass', 't02@na.com', 'Jane', 'Doe',  1);
    INSERT INTO users VALUES (3, 'test03', 'mypass', 't03@na.com', 'No',   'Go',   0);
    INSERT INTO roles VALUES (1, 'user');
    INSERT INTO roles VALUES (2, 'admin');
    INSERT INTO user_roles VALUES (1, 1);
    INSERT INTO user_roles VALUES (1, 2);
    INSERT INTO user_roles VALUES (2, 1);
    INSERT INTO user_roles VALUES (3, 1);

=item *

Load the user/roles data:

    mysql -ututorial myapp < myapp02_mysql.sql

=item *

Create the C<.sql> file for the hashed password data:

Open C<myapp03_mysql.sql> in your editor and enter:

    --
    -- Convert passwords to SHA-1 hashes
    --
    UPDATE users SET password = 'e727d1464ae12436e899a726da5b2f11d8381b26' WHERE id = 1;
    UPDATE users SET password = 'e727d1464ae12436e899a726da5b2f11d8381b26' WHERE id = 2;
    UPDATE users SET password = 'e727d1464ae12436e899a726da5b2f11d8381b26' WHERE id = 3;

=item *

Load the user/roles data:

    mysql -ututorial myapp < myapp03_mysql.sql

=back

=back


=head1 AUTHOR

Kennedy Clark, C<hkclark@gmail.com>

Please report any errors, issues or suggestions to the author.  The
most recent version of the Catalyst Tutorial can be found at
L<http://dev.catalyst.perl.org/repos/Catalyst/Catalyst-Manual/5.80/trunk/lib/Catalyst/Manual/Tutorial/>.

Copyright 2006-2008, Kennedy Clark, under Creative Commons License
(L<http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/>).