From: Jarkko Hietaniemi Date: Thu, 6 Jul 2000 16:03:55 +0000 (+0000) Subject: Fix complaints of buildtoc. X-Git-Url: http://git.shadowcat.co.uk/gitweb/gitweb.cgi?a=commitdiff_plain;h=d83268b4d361b8b6a29f97c1f25fe1161acb736c;p=p5sagit%2Fp5-mst-13.2.git Fix complaints of buildtoc. p4raw-id: //depot/cfgperl@6323 --- diff --git a/MANIFEST b/MANIFEST index d22befa..3dc5c70 100644 --- a/MANIFEST +++ b/MANIFEST @@ -1008,6 +1008,7 @@ lib/validate.pl Perl library supporting wholesale file mode validation lib/vars.pm Declare pseudo-imported global variables lib/warnings.pm For "use warnings" lib/warnings/register.pm For "use warnings::register" +lib/Win32.pod Documentation for Win32 extras makeaperl.SH perl script that produces a new perl binary makedef.pl Create symbol export lists for linking makedepend.SH Precursor to makedepend @@ -1118,7 +1119,6 @@ plan9/plan9ish.h Plan9 port: Plan9-specific C header file plan9/setup.rc Plan9 port: script for easy build+install plan9/versnum Plan9 port: script to print version number pod/Makefile.SH generate Makefile whichs makes pods into something else -pod/Win32.pod Documentation for Win32 extras pod/buildtoc.PL generate buildtoc which generates perltoc.pod pod/checkpods.PL Tool to check for common errors in pods pod/perl.pod Top level perl documentation diff --git a/pod/Win32.pod b/lib/Win32.pod similarity index 100% rename from pod/Win32.pod rename to lib/Win32.pod diff --git a/pod/buildtoc.PL b/pod/buildtoc.PL index 762434e..8e07ce8 100644 --- a/pod/buildtoc.PL +++ b/pod/buildtoc.PL @@ -39,7 +39,11 @@ print OUT <<'!NO!SUBS!'; # # buildtoc # -# Build perltoc.pod and sanity check the list of pods against all +# !!!!!!! DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE !!!!!!! +# This file is autogenerated by buildtoc.PL. +# Edit that file and run it to effect changes. +# +# Builds perltoc.pod and sanity checks the list of pods against all # of the MANIFEST, perl.pod, and ourselves. # @@ -56,18 +60,116 @@ if (-d "pod") { } @pods = qw( - perl perlfaq perlfaq1 perlfaq2 perlfaq3 perlfaq4 perlfaq5 - perlfaq6 perlfaq7 perlfaq8 perlfaq9 perldelta perldata - perlsyn perlop perlre perlrun perlfunc perlvar perlsub - perlmod perlmodlib perlmodinstall perlfork perlform perllocale - perlref perlreftut perldsc - perllol perlboot perltoot perltootc perlobj perltie perlbot perlipc - perldbmfilter perldebug perlnumber perldebguts - perldiag perlsec perltrap perlport perlstyle perlpod perlbook - perlembed perlapio perlxs perlxstut perlguts perlcall perlcompile - perlapi perlintern perlhist + perl + perlfaq + perltoc + perlbook + + perlsyn + perldata + perlop + perlreftut + perldsc + perllol + perlrequick + perlretut + + perllexwarn + perldebug + + perlrun + perlfunc + perlopentut + perlvar + perlsub + perlmod + perlpod + + perlstyle + perlmodlib + perlmodinstall + perlnewmod + perltrap + perlport + perlsec + + perlref + perlre + perlform + perllocale + perlunicode + + perlboot + perltoot + perltootc + perlobj + perlbot + perltie + + perlipc + perlnumber + perlfork + perlthrtut + + perldiag + perlfaq1 + perlfaq2 + perlfaq3 + perlfaq4 + perlfaq5 + perlfaq6 + perlfaq7 + perlfaq8 + perlfaq9 + + perlcompile + + perlembed + perldebguts + perlxstut + perlxs + perlguts + perlcall + perlutil + perlfilter + perldbmfilter + perlapi + perlintern + perlapio + perltodo + perlhack + + perlhist + perldelta + perl56delta + perl5005delta + perl5004delta + + perlamiga + perlcygwin + perldos + perlhpux + perlmachten + perlos2 + perlos390 + perlvms + perlwin32 ); +@ARCHPODS = qw( + perlamiga + perlcygwin + perldos + perlhpux + perlmachten + perlos2 + perlos390 + perlvms + perlwin32 + ); +for (@ARCHPODS) { s/$/.pod/ } +@ARCHPODS{@ARCHPODS} = (); + for (@pods) { s/$/.pod/ } @pods{@pods} = (); @PODS{@PODS} = (); @@ -84,7 +186,7 @@ close(MANI); open(PERLPOD, "perl.pod") || die "$0: opening perl.pod failed: $!\n"; while () { if (/^For ease of access, /../^\(If you're intending /) { - if (/^\s+(perl\w+)\s+Perl /) { + if (/^\s+(perl\w*)\s+\w/) { push @PERLPODS, "$1.pod"; } } @@ -102,7 +204,7 @@ foreach my $i (sort keys %PODS) { warn "$0: $i exists but is unknown by buildtoc\n" unless exists $pods{$i}; warn "$0: $i exists but is unknown by ../MANIFEST\n" - unless exists $MANIPODS{$i}; + if !exists $MANIPODS{$i} && !exists $ARCHPODS{$i}; warn "$0: $i exists but is unknown by perl.pod\n" unless exists $PERLPODS{$i}; } diff --git a/pod/perl.pod b/pod/perl.pod index b7032a0..ce0d1b4 100644 --- a/pod/perl.pod +++ b/pod/perl.pod @@ -15,72 +15,89 @@ B S<[ B<-sTuU> ]> S<[ B<-hv> ] [ B<-V>[:I] ]> For ease of access, the Perl manual has been split up into several sections: perl Perl overview (this section) - perldelta Perl changes since previous version - perl5005delta Perl changes in version 5.005 - perl5004delta Perl changes in version 5.004 perlfaq Perl frequently asked questions perltoc Perl documentation table of contents + perlbook Perl book information - perldata Perl data structures perlsyn Perl syntax + perldata Perl data structures perlop Perl operators and precedence - perlre Perl regular expressions + perlreftut Perl references short introduction + perldsc Perl data structures intro + perllol Perl data structures: arrays of arrays + perlrequick Perl regular expressions quick start + perlretut Perl regular expressions tutorial + + perllexwarn Perl warnings and their control + perldebug Perl debugging + perlrun Perl execution and options perlfunc Perl builtin functions perlopentut Perl open() tutorial perlvar Perl predefined variables perlsub Perl subroutines perlmod Perl modules: how they work + perlpod Perl plain old documentation + + perlstyle Perl style guide perlmodlib Perl modules: how to write and use perlmodinstall Perl modules: how to install from CPAN - perlnewpod Perl modules: preparing a new module for distribution + perlnewmod Perl modules: preparing a new module for distribution + perltrap Perl traps for the unwary + perlport Perl portability guide + perlsec Perl security + perlref Perl references, the rest of the story + perlre Perl regular expressions, the rest of the story perlform Perl formats - perlunicode Perl unicode support perllocale Perl locale support + perlunicode Perl unicode support - perlreftut Perl references short introduction - perlref Perl references, the rest of the story - perldsc Perl data structures intro - perllol Perl data structures: arrays of arrays perlboot Perl OO tutorial for beginners perltoot Perl OO tutorial, part 1 perltootc Perl OO tutorial, part 2 perlobj Perl objects - perltie Perl objects hidden behind simple variables perlbot Perl OO tricks and examples + perltie Perl objects hidden behind simple variables + perlipc Perl interprocess communication + perlnumber Perl number semantics perlfork Perl fork() information perlthrtut Perl threads tutorial - perllexwarn Perl warnings and their control - perlfilter Perl source filters - perldbmfilter Perl DBM filters - perlcompile Perl compiler suite intro - perldebug Perl debugging perldiag Perl diagnostic messages - perlnumber Perl number semantics - perlsec Perl security - perltrap Perl traps for the unwary - perlport Perl portability guide - perlstyle Perl style guide + perlfaq1 General Questions About Perl + perlfaq2 Obtaining and Learning about Perl + perlfaq3 Programming Tools + perlfaq4 Data Manipulation + perlfaq5 Files and Formats + perlfaq6 Regexes + perlfaq7 Perl Language Issues + perlfaq8 System Interaction + perlfaq9 Networking - perlpod Perl plain old documentation - perlbook Perl book information + perlcompile Perl compiler suite intro perlembed Perl ways to embed perl in your C or C++ application - perlapio Perl internal IO abstraction interface perldebguts Perl debugging guts and tips - perlxs Perl XS application programming interface perlxstut Perl XS tutorial + perlxs Perl XS application programming interface perlguts Perl internal functions for those doing extensions perlcall Perl calling conventions from C + perlutil utilities packaged with the Perl distribution + perlfilter Perl source filters + perldbmfilter Perl DBM filters perlapi Perl API listing (autogenerated) perlintern Perl internal functions (autogenerated) - + perlapio Perl internal IO abstraction interface perltodo Perl things to do perlhack Perl hackers guide + perlhist Perl history records + perldelta Perl changes since previous version + perl56delta Perl changes in version 5.6 + perl5005delta Perl changes in version 5.005 + perl5004delta Perl changes in version 5.004 perlamiga Perl notes for Amiga perlcygwin Perl notes for Cygwin diff --git a/pod/perltoc.pod b/pod/perltoc.pod index e7fef20..2e23fc9 100644 --- a/pod/perltoc.pod +++ b/pod/perltoc.pod @@ -301,55 +301,39 @@ authors =back -=head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $, $Date: -1999/05/23 16:08:30 $) +=head2 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents =over =item DESCRIPTION -=over - -=item What is Perl? - -=item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free? - -=item Which version of Perl should I use? - -=item What are perl4 and perl5? - -=item What is perl6? - -=item How stable is Perl? - -=item Is Perl difficult to learn? +=item BASIC DOCUMENTATION -=item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, -Scheme, or Tcl? +=over -=item Can I do [task] in Perl? +=item perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language -=item When shouldn't I program in Perl? +SYNOPSIS, DESCRIPTION, AVAILABILITY, ENVIRONMENT, AUTHOR, FILES, SEE ALSO, +DIAGNOSTICS, BUGS, NOTES -=item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"? +=item perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23 +20:38:02 $) -=item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script? +DESCRIPTION -=item What is a JAPH? +=back -=item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms? +=back -=item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version -(5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language)? +=head2 perlbook - Perl book information -=back +=over -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item DESCRIPTION =back -=head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.32 $, -$Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09 $) +=head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax =over @@ -357,521 +341,2728 @@ $Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09 $) =over -=item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it? +=item Declarations -=item How can I get a binary version of Perl? +=item Simple statements -=item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl? +=item Compound statements -=item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts -don't work. +=item Loop Control -=item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic -loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work? +=item For Loops -=item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN? -What does CPAN/src/... mean? +=item Foreach Loops -=item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl? +=item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements -=item Where can I get information on Perl? +=item Goto -=item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions? +=item PODs: Embedded Documentation -=item Where should I post source code? +=item Plain Old Comments (Not!) -=item Perl Books +=back -References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics +=back -=item Perl in Magazines +=head2 perldata - Perl data types -=item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access +=over -=item What mailing lists are there for Perl? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc +=over -=item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl? +=item Variable names -=item Where do I send bug reports? +=item Context -=item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? +=item Scalar values + +=item Scalar value constructors + +=item List value constructors + +=item Slices + +=item Typeglobs and Filehandles =back -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 -16:08:30 $) +=head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence =over +=item SYNOPSIS + =item DESCRIPTION =over -=item How do I do (anything)? +=item Terms and List Operators (Leftward) -=item How can I use Perl interactively? +=item The Arrow Operator -=item Is there a Perl shell? +=item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement -=item How do I debug my Perl programs? +=item Exponentiation -=item How do I profile my Perl programs? +=item Symbolic Unary Operators -=item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs? +=item Binding Operators -=item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl? +=item Multiplicative Operators -=item Is there a ctags for Perl? +=item Additive Operators -=item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor? +=item Shift Operators -=item Where can I get Perl macros for vi? +=item Named Unary Operators -=item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs? +=item Relational Operators -=item How can I use curses with Perl? +=item Equality Operators -=item How can I use X or Tk with Perl? +=item Bitwise And -=item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk? +=item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or -=item What is undump? +=item C-style Logical And -=item How can I make my Perl program run faster? +=item C-style Logical Or -=item How can I make my Perl program take less memory? +=item Range Operators -=item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data? +=item Conditional Operator -=item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks? +=item Assignment Operators -=item How can I make my CGI script more efficient? +=item Comma Operator -=item How can I hide the source for my Perl program? +=item List Operators (Rightward) -=item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C? +=item Logical Not -=item How can I compile Perl into Java? +=item Logical And -=item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]? +=item Logical or and Exclusive Or -=item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line? +=item C Operators Missing From Perl -=item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system? +unary &, unary *, (TYPE) -=item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl? +=item Quote and Quote-like Operators -=item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming? +=item Regexp Quote-Like Operators -=item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp] +?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>, +qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/, +s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, +y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds -=item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in -my C program, what am I doing wrong? +=item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs -=item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it -mean? +Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation, +C<<<'EOF'>, C, C, C, C, C<''>, C, C<"">, +C<``>, C, C, C<< >>, C, C, C, +C,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of +regular expressions -=item What's MakeMaker? +=item I/O Operators -=back +=item Constant Folding -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item Bitwise String Operators + +=item Integer Arithmetic + +=item Floating-point Arithmetic + +=item Bigger Numbers =back -=head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 -20:37:49 $) +=back + +=head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references =over =item DESCRIPTION -=item Data: Numbers +=item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures? + +=item The Solution + +=item Syntax =over -=item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the -numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)? +=item Making References -=item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly? +=item Using References -=item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()? -Trig functions? +=back -=item How do I convert bits into ints? +=item An Example -=item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to? +=item Arrow Rule -=item How do I multiply matrices? +=item Solution -=item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers? +=item The Rest -=item How can I output Roman numerals? +=item Summary -=item Why aren't my random numbers random? +=item Credits + +=over + +=item Distribution Conditions =back -=item Data: Dates +=back + +=head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook =over -=item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item How do I find the current century or millennium? +arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes, +more elaborate constructs -=item How can I compare two dates and find the difference? +=item REFERENCES -=item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds? +=item COMMON MISTAKES -=item How can I find the Julian Day? +=item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE -=item How do I find yesterday's date? +=item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C -=item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant? +=item DEBUGGING -=back +=item CODE EXAMPLES -=item Data: Strings +=item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS =over -=item How do I validate input? +=item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS -=item How do I unescape a string? +=item Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS -=item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters? +=item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS -=item How do I expand function calls in a string? +=back -=item How do I find matching/nesting anything? +=item HASHES OF ARRAYS -=item How do I reverse a string? +=over -=item How do I expand tabs in a string? +=item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS -=item How do I reformat a paragraph? +=item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS -=item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string? +=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS -=item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something? +=back -=item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a -string? +=item ARRAYS OF HASHES -=item How do I capitalize all the words on one line? +=over -=item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside -[character]? (Comma-separated files) +=item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES -=item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string? +=item Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES -=item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes? +=item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES -=item How do I extract selected columns from a string? +=back -=item How do I find the soundex value of a string? +=item HASHES OF HASHES -=item How can I expand variables in text strings? +=over -=item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"? +=item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES -=item Why don't my < = match 'a' 1 or 0 times, C = match 'a' 0 or more times, i.e., +any number of times, C = match 'a' 1 or more times, i.e., at least +once, C = match at least C times, but not more than C times, +C = match at least C or more times, C = match exactly C +times -=item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create -it? +=item More matching -=item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or -array of hashes or arrays? +=item Search and replace -=item How can I use a reference as a hash key? +=item The split operator =back -=item Data: Misc - -=over - -=item How do I handle binary data correctly? - -=item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float? - -=item How do I keep persistent data across program calls? +=item BUGS -=item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure? +=item SEE ALSO -=item How do I define methods for every class/object? +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=item How do I verify a credit card checksum? +=over -=item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code? +=item Acknowledgments =back -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT - =back -=head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 -16:08:30 $) +=head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial =over =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=item Part 1: The basics -=item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this? +=over -=item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a -line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file? +=item Simple word matching -=item How do I count the number of lines in a file? +=item Using character classes -=item How do I make a temporary file name? +\d is a digit and represents [0-9], \s is a whitespace character and +represents [\ \t\r\n\f], \w is a word character (alphanumeric or _) and +represents [0-9a-zA-Z_], \D is a negated \d; it represents any character +but a digit [^0-9], \S is a negated \s; it represents any non-whitespace +character [^\s], \W is a negated \w; it represents any non-word character +[^\w], The period '.' matches any character but "\n", no modifiers (//): +Default behavior. C<'.'> matches any character except C<"\n">. C<^> +matches only at the beginning of the string and C<$> matches only at the +end or before a newline at the end, s modifier (//s): Treat string as a +single long line. C<'.'> matches any character, even C<"\n">. C<^> +matches only at the beginning of the string and C<$> matches only at the +end or before a newline at the end, m modifier (//m): Treat string as a set +of multiple lines. C<'.'> matches any character except C<"\n">. C<^> and +C<$> are able to match at the start or end of I line within the +string, both s and m modifiers (//sm): Treat string as a single long line, +but detect multiple lines. C<'.'> matches any character, even C<"\n">. +C<^> and C<$>, however, are able to match at the start or end of I +line within the string -=item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files? +=item Matching this or that -=item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass -filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles? +=item Grouping things and hierarchical matching -=item How can I use a filehandle indirectly? +0 Start with the first letter in the string 'a', 1 Try the first +alternative in the first group 'abd', 2 Match 'a' followed by 'b'. So far +so good, 3 'd' in the regexp doesn't match 'c' in the string - a dead end. +So backtrack two characters and pick the second alternative in the first +group 'abc', 4 Match 'a' followed by 'b' followed by 'c'. We are on a roll +and have satisfied the first group. Set $1 to 'abc', 5 Move on to the +second group and pick the first alternative 'df', 6 Match the 'd', 7 'f' in +the regexp doesn't match 'e' in the string, so a dead end. Backtrack one +character and pick the second alternative in the second group 'd', 8 'd' +matches. The second grouping is satisfied, so set $2 to 'd', 9 We are at +the end of the regexp, so we are done! We have matched 'abcd' out of the +string "abcde" -=item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()? +=item Extracting matches -=item How can I write() into a string? +=item Matching repetitions -=item How can I output my numbers with commas added? +C = match 'a' 1 or 0 times, C = match 'a' 0 or more times, i.e., +any number of times, C = match 'a' 1 or more times, i.e., at least +once, C = match at least C times, but not more than C times, +C = match at least C or more times, C = match exactly C +times, Principle 0: Taken as a whole, any regexp will be matched at the +earliest possible position in the string, Principle 1: In an alternation +C, the leftmost alternative that allows a match for the whole +regexp will be the one used, Principle 2: The maximal matching quantifiers +C, C<*>, C<+> and C<{n,m}> will in general match as much of the string +as possible while still allowing the whole regexp to match, Principle 3: If +there are two or more elements in a regexp, the leftmost greedy quantifier, +if any, will match as much of the string as possible while still allowing +the whole regexp to match. The next leftmost greedy quantifier, if any, +will try to match as much of the string remaining available to it as +possible, while still allowing the whole regexp to match. And so on, until +all the regexp elements are satisfied, C = match 'a' 0 or 1 times. Try +0 first, then 1, C = match 'a' 0 or more times, i.e., any number of +times, but as few times as possible, C = match 'a' 1 or more times, +i.e., at least once, but as few times as possible, C = match at +least C times, not more than C times, as few times as possible, +C = match at least C times, but as few times as possible, +C = match exactly C times. Because we match exactly C times, +C is equivalent to C and is just there for notational +consistency, Principle 3: If there are two or more elements in a regexp, +the leftmost greedy (non-greedy) quantifier, if any, will match as much +(little) of the string as possible while still allowing the whole regexp to +match. The next leftmost greedy (non-greedy) quantifier, if any, will try +to match as much (little) of the string remaining available to it as +possible, while still allowing the whole regexp to match. And so on, until +all the regexp elements are satisfied, 0 Start with the first letter in the +string 't', 1 The first quantifier '.*' starts out by matching the whole +string 'the cat in the hat', 2 'a' in the regexp element 'at' doesn't match +the end of the string. Backtrack one character, 3 'a' in the regexp +element 'at' still doesn't match the last letter of the string 't', so +backtrack one more character, 4 Now we can match the 'a' and the 't', 5 +Move on to the third element '.*'. Since we are at the end of the string +and '.*' can match 0 times, assign it the empty string, 6 We are done! -=item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename? +=item Building a regexp -=item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out? +specifying the task in detail,, breaking down the problem into smaller +parts,, translating the small parts into regexps,, combining the regexps,, +and optimizing the final combined regexp -=item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>? +=item Using regular expressions in Perl -=item Is there a leak/bug in glob()? +=back -=item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks? +=item Part 2: Power tools -=item How can I reliably rename a file? +=over -=item How can I lock a file? +=item More on characters, strings, and character classes -=item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")? +=item Compiling and saving regular expressions -=item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in -the file. How can I do this? +=item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression -=item How do I randomly update a binary file? +=item Non-capturing groupings + +=item Looking ahead and looking behind + +=item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking + +=item Conditional expressions -=item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl? +=item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression -=item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl? +=item Pragmas and debugging -=item How do I print to more than one file at once? +=back -=item How can I read in an entire file all at once? +=item BUGS -=item How can I read in a file by paragraphs? +=item SEE ALSO -=item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard? +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle? +=over -=item How do I do a C in perl? +=item Acknowledgments -=item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl? +=back -=item How do I close a file descriptor by number? +=back -=item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't -`C:\temp\foo.exe` work? +=head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings -=item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files? +=over -=item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber -protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item How do I select a random line from a file? +=over -=item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines? +=item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings -=back +=item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W> -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line -=back +B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X> -=head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $) +=item Backward Compatibility -=over +=item Category Hierarchy -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Fatal Warnings -=over +=item Reporting Warnings from a Module -=item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible -and unmaintainable code? +=back -Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters +=item TODO -=item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong? +=item SEE ALSO -=item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on -different lines? +=item AUTHOR -=item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong? +=back -=item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS, but preserving -case on the RHS? +=head2 perldebug - Perl debugging -=item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets? +=over -=item How can I match a locale-smart version of C? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex? +=item The Perl Debugger -=item What is C really for? +=over -=item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a -file? +=item Debugger Commands -=item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text? +h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n +[expr], r, , c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, +-, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr, +b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname +[condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line] +command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O +option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >> +command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! +cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man [manpage] -=item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it? +=item Configurable Options -=item How do I process each word on each line? +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C -=item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary? +=item Debugger input/output -=item How can I do approximate matching? +Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame +listing -=item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once? +=item Debugging compile-time statements -=item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me? +=item Debugger Customization -=item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down? +=item Readline Support -=item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression? +=item Editor Support for Debugging -=item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant? +=item The Perl Profiler -=item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context? +=back -=item How can I match strings with multibyte characters? +=item Debugging regular expressions -=item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user? +=item Debugging memory usage -=back +=item SEE ALSO -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item BUGS =back -=head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date: -1999/05/23 20:36:18 $) +=head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter =over +=item SYNOPSIS + =item DESCRIPTION =over -=item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language? +=item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems -=item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to -use them? +OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS -=item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and -commas? +=item Location of Perl -=item How do I skip some return values? +=item Command Switches + +B<-0>[I], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I, +B<-D>I, B<-D>I, B<-e> I, B<-F>I, +B<-h>, B<-i>[I], B<-I>I, B<-l>[I], +B<-m>[B<->]I, B<-M>[B<->]I, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>, +B<-[mM]>[B<->]I, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>, +B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>, +B<-x> I + +=back + +=item ENVIRONMENT + +HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL +(specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, +PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port) + +=back + +=head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Perl Functions by Category + +Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching, +Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data, +Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed +length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories, +Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related +to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process +groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and +object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess +communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network +info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted +in perl5 + +=item Portability + +=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions + +I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept +NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, +binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, +bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, +chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, +chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE, +connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, +dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete +EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump, +each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, +exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl +FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, +fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, +getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam +NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname +NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr +ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, +getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, +getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent +STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, +endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, +getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, +goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, +import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl +FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, +last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, +link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, +lock, log EXPR, log, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK +LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl +ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd +ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module +LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open +FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, pack +TEMPLATE,LIST, package, package NAMESPACE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop +ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, +printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, +push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, +quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read +FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir +DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv +SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename +OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset, +return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex +STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar +EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select +FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl +ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send +SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority +WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY, +shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, +shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep +EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair +SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST, +sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, +splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split +/PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, +sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, +study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr +EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr +EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen +FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread +FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek +FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite +FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, +syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie +VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate +FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, +ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack +TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST, +use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST, +values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn +LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y/// + +=back + +=back + +=head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Open E la shell + +=over + +=item Simple Opens + +=item Pipe Opens + +=item The Minus File + +=item Mixing Reads and Writes + +=item Filters + +=back + +=item Open E la C + +=over + +=item Permissions E la mode + +=back + +=item Obscure Open Tricks + +=over + +=item Re-Opening Files (dups) + +=item Dispelling the Dweomer + +=item Paths as Opens + +=item Single Argument Open + +=item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT + +=back + +=item Other I/O Issues + +=over + +=item Opening Non-File Files + +=item Binary Files + +=item File Locking + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT + +=item HISTORY + +=back + +=head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Predefined Names + +$ARG, $_, $>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $', +$LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, +input_line_number HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, +input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, +autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE +EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE +EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", +$SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE +EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR, +$FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR, +$FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, @-, C<$`> is the same as +C, C<$&> is the same as C, C<$'> is the same as C, C<$1> is the same +as C, C<$2> is the same as +C, C<$3> is the same as C, format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~, +format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^, +format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, +$:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, +$CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, +$EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, +$EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, +$EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, +$DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, +$OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, +0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, +$BASETIME, $^T, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, +${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC, +%ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr} + +=item Error Indicators + +=item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names + +=back + +=item BUGS + +=back + +=head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Private Variables via my() + +=item Persistent Private Variables + +=item Temporary Values via local() + +=item Lvalue subroutines + +=item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs) + +=item When to Still Use local() + +1. You need to give a global variable a temporary value, especially $_, 2. +You need to create a local file or directory handle or a local function, 3. +You want to temporarily change just one element of an array or hash + +=item Pass by Reference + +=item Prototypes + +=item Constant Functions + +=item Overriding Built-in Functions + +=item Autoloading + +=item Subroutine Attributes + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables) + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Packages + +=item Symbol Tables + +=item Package Constructors and Destructors + +=item Perl Classes + +=item Perl Modules + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlpod - plain old documentation + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Verbatim Paragraph + +=item Command Paragraph + +=item Ordinary Block of Text + +=item The Intent + +=item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules + +=item Common Pod Pitfalls + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY + +=over + +=item Pragmatic Modules + +attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, +diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, locale, open, ops, overload, +re, sigtrap, strict, subs, utf8, vars, warnings + +=item Standard Modules + +AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, +B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, +B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, +CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, +CGI::Switch, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, +Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, +English, Env, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, +ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, +ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, +ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, +ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, +ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree, +File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path, +File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, +File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, +File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, +I18N::Collate, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, +Math::Complex, Math::Trig, NDBM_File, Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent, +Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, +Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseUtils, +Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, +Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, +SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, +Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, +Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Wrap, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, +Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, +Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, +User::pwent + +=item Extension Modules + +=back + +=item CPAN + +Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating +System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess +Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces, +User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages, +File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String +Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option, +Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing, +Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption, +World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities, +Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, +and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and +exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities, +Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Central America, Europe, +North America, South America + +=item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse + +=over + +=item Guidelines for Module Creation + +Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new +module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select +what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?, +README and other Additional Files, A description of the +module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites +- what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to +Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release, +especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in +the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a +version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take +care when changing a released module + +=item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules + +There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications, +Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started, +Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from ' +to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes + +=item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code + +Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many +applications contain some Perl code that could be reused, Break-out the +reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity +to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application' +can then be reduced to a small + +=back + +=item NOTE + +=back + +=head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item PREAMBLE + +B the file, B the file into a directory, B the +module (sometimes unnecessary), B the module + +=back + +=item HEY + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Warning + +=item What should I make into a module? + +=item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground + +Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again + +=item Step-by-step: Making the module + +Start with F, Use L and L, Use +L, Use L - wisely!, Use L, Write tests, Write the README + +=item Step-by-step: Distributing your module + +Get a CPAN user ID, C, Upload the +tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs! + +=back + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Awk Traps + +=item C Traps + +=item Sed Traps + +=item Shell Traps + +=item Perl Traps + +=item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps + +Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical +Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts, +Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc, +Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps + +=item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps + +Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, +Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, +Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance + +=item Parsing Traps + +Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing + +=item Numerical Traps + +Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops + +=item General data type traps + +(Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String), +(Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide) + +=item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts + +(list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin) + +=item Precedence Traps + +Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, +Precedence + +=item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc. + +Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular +Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, +Regular Expression + +=item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps + +(Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle + +=item OS Traps + +(SysV), (SysV) + +=item Interpolation Traps + +Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, +Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation + +=item DBM Traps + +DBM, DBM + +=item Unclassified Traps + +C/C trap using returned value, C on empty string with +LIMIT specified + +=back + +=back + +=head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I +portable + +=item ISSUES + +=over + +=item Newlines + +=item Numbers endianness and Width + +=item Files and Filesystems + +=item System Interaction + +=item Interprocess Communication (IPC) + +=item External Subroutines (XS) + +=item Standard Modules + +=item Time and Date + +=item Character sets and character encoding + +=item Internationalisation + +=item System Resources + +=item Security + +=item Style + +=back + +=item CPAN Testers + +Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results: +http://testers.cpan.org/ + +=item PLATFORMS + +=over + +=item Unix + +=item DOS and Derivatives + +Build instructions for OS/2, L + +=item S + +=item VMS + +=item VOS + +=item EBCDIC Platforms + +=item Acorn RISC OS + +=item Other perls + +=back + +=item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS + +=over + +=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions + +-I FILEHANDLE, -I EXPR, -I, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode +FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt +PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec +LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, +getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, +getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr +ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, +getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, +setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, +setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, +endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, +ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, +lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, +msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, +open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, +select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget +KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP, +setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt +SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, +shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, socketpair +SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, +symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen +FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate +FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST, +wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS + +=back + +=item CHANGES + +v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999, +v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May +1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December +1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August +1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, +v1.23, 10 July 1998 + +=item Supported Platforms + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS + +=item VERSION + +=back + +=head2 perlsec - Perl security + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data + +=item Switches On the "#!" Line + +=item Cleaning Up Your Path + +=item Security Bugs + +=item Protecting Your Programs + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures + +=over + +=item NOTE + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Making References + +=item Using References + +=item Symbolic references + +=item Not-so-symbolic references + +=item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash + +=item Function Templates + +=back + +=item WARNING + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +i, m, s, x + +=over + +=item Regular Expressions + +cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit + +=item Extended Patterns + +C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>, +C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?, C<(?{ +code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>, +C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)> + +=item Backtracking + +=item Version 8 Regular Expressions + +=item Warning on \1 vs $1 + +=item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring + +=item Combining pieces together + +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>, +C<(?!S)>, C<(?, C<(??{ EXPR })>, +C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)> + +=item Creating custom RE engines + +=back + +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlform - Perl formats + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Format Variables + +=back + +=item NOTES + +=over + +=item Footers + +=item Accessing Formatting Internals + +=back + +=item WARNINGS + +=back + +=head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and +localization) + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES + +=item USING LOCALES + +=over + +=item The use locale pragma + +=item The setlocale function + +=item Finding locales + +=item LOCALE PROBLEMS + +=item Temporarily fixing locale problems + +=item Permanently fixing locale problems + +=item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration + +=item Fixing system locale configuration + +=item The localeconv function + +=back + +=item LOCALE CATEGORIES + +=over + +=item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation + +=item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types + +=item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting + +=item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts + +=item LC_TIME + +=item Other categories + +=back + +=item SECURITY + +B (C, C, C, C and C):, +B (with C<\l>, C<\L>, C<\u> or C<\U>), +B (C):, B (C):, +B (printf() and write()):, B (lc(), lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, B (localeconv(), strcoll(), strftime(), strxfrm()):, B (isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(), isgraph(), +islower(), isprint(), ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(), isxdigit()): + +=item ENVIRONMENT + +PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, +LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG + +=item NOTES + +=over + +=item Backward compatibility + +=item I18N:Collate obsolete + +=item Sort speed and memory use impacts + +=item write() and LC_NUMERIC + +=item Freely available locale definitions + +=item I18n and l10n + +=item An imperfect standard + +=back + +=item BUGS + +=over + +=item Broken systems + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item HISTORY + +=back + +=head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Important Caveat + +Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C still needed +to enable a few features + +=item Byte and Character semantics + +=item Effects of character semantics + +=item Character encodings for input and output + +=back + +=item CAVEATS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item If we could talk to the animals... + +=item Introducing the method invocation arrow + +=item Invoking a barnyard + +=item The extra parameter of method invocation + +=item Calling a second method to simplify things + +=item Inheriting the windpipes + +=item A few notes about @ISA + +=item Overriding the methods + +=item Starting the search from a different place + +=item The SUPER way of doing things + +=item Where we're at so far... + +=item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it? + +=item Invoking an instance method + +=item Accessing the instance data + +=item How to build a horse + +=item Inheriting the constructor + +=item Making a method work with either classes or instances + +=item Adding parameters to a method + +=item More interesting instances + +=item A horse of a different color + +=item Summary + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Creating a Class + +=over + +=item Object Representation + +=item Class Interface + +=item Constructors and Instance Methods + +=item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors + +=item Destructors + +=item Other Object Methods + +=back + +=item Class Data + +=over + +=item Accessing Class Data + +=item Debugging Methods + +=item Class Destructors + +=item Documenting the Interface + +=back + +=item Aggregation + +=item Inheritance + +=over + +=item Overridden Methods + +=item Multiple Inheritance + +=item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects + +=back + +=item Alternate Object Representations + +=over + +=item Arrays as Objects + +=item Closures as Objects + +=back + +=item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods + +=over + +=item Autoloaded Data Methods + +=item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods + +=back + +=item Metaclassical Tools + +=over + +=item Class::Struct + +=item Data Members as Variables + +=item NOTES + +=item Object Terminology + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=over + +=item Acknowledgments + +=back + +=back + +=head2 perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Class Data as Package Variables + +=over + +=item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket + +=item Inheritance Concerns + +=item The Eponymous Meta-Object + +=item Indirect References to Class Data + +=item Monadic Classes + +=item Translucent Attributes + +=back + +=item Class Data as Lexical Variables + +=over + +=item Privacy and Responsibility + +=item File-Scoped Lexicals + +=item More Inheritance Concerns + +=item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key + +=item Translucency Revisited + +=back + +=item NOTES + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS + +=item HISTORY + +=back + +=head2 perlobj - Perl objects + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item An Object is Simply a Reference + +=item A Class is Simply a Package + +=item A Method is Simply a Subroutine + +=item Method Invocation + +=item WARNING + +=item Default UNIVERSAL methods + +isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ) + +=item Destructors + +=item Summary + +=item Two-Phased Garbage Collection + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT) + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item OO SCALING TIPS + +=item INSTANCE VARIABLES + +=item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE + +=item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS + +=item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS + +=item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM + +=item THINKING OF CODE REUSE + +=item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT + +=item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR + +=item DELEGATION + +=back + +=head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Tying Scalars + +TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this + +=item Tying Arrays + +TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value, +DESTROY this + +=item Tying Hashes + +USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE +this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY +this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this + +=item Tying FileHandles + +TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, +LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, DESTROY this + +=item The C Gotcha + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, +safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores) + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Signals + +=item Named Pipes + +=over + +=item WARNING + +=back + +=item Using open() for IPC + +=over + +=item Filehandles + +=item Background Processes + +=item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent + +=item Safe Pipe Opens + +=item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process + +=item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself + +=back + +=item Sockets: Client/Server Communication + +=over + +=item Internet Line Terminators + +=item Internet TCP Clients and Servers + +=item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers + +=back + +=item TCP Clients with IO::Socket + +=over + +=item A Simple Client + +C, C, C + +=item A Webget Client + +=item Interactive Client with IO::Socket + +=back + +=item TCP Servers with IO::Socket + +Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse + +=item UDP: Message Passing + +=item SysV IPC + +=item NOTES + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Storing numbers + +=item Numeric operators and numeric conversions + +=item Flavors of Perl numeric operations + +Arithmetic operators except, C, Arithmetic operators except, +C, Bitwise operators, C, Bitwise operators, C, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a +string + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes + +$$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept +filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to +files, directories and network sockets + +=item Resource limits + +=item Killing the parent process + +=item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes + +=item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS + +BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented, +Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger +application, Thread-safety of extensions + +=back + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item What Is A Thread Anyway? + +=item Threaded Program Models + +=over + +=item Boss/Worker + +=item Work Crew + +=item Pipeline + +=back + +=item Native threads + +=item What kind of threads are perl threads? + +=item Threadsafe Modules + +=item Thread Basics + +=over + +=item Basic Thread Support + +=item Creating Threads + +=item Giving up control + +=item Waiting For A Thread To Exit + +=item Errors In Threads + +=item Ignoring A Thread + +=back + +=item Threads And Data + +=over + +=item Shared And Unshared Data + +=item Thread Pitfall: Races + +=item Controlling access: lock() + +=item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks + +=item Queues: Passing Data Around + +=back + +=item Threads And Code + +=over + +=item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access + +Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores + +=item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines + +=item Subroutine Locks + +=item Methods + +=item Locking A Subroutine + +=back + +=item General Thread Utility Routines + +=over + +=item What Thread Am I In? + +=item Thread IDs + +=item Are These Threads The Same? + +=item What Threads Are Running? + +=back + +=item A Complete Example + +=item Conclusion + +=item Bibliography + +=over + +=item Introductory Texts + +=item OS-Related References + +=item Other References + +=back + +=item Acknowledgements + +=item AUTHOR + +=item Copyrights + +=back + +=head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $, $Date: +1999/05/23 16:08:30 $) + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item What is Perl? + +=item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free? + +=item Which version of Perl should I use? + +=item What are perl4 and perl5? + +=item What is perl6? + +=item How stable is Perl? + +=item Is Perl difficult to learn? + +=item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, +Scheme, or Tcl? + +=item Can I do [task] in Perl? + +=item When shouldn't I program in Perl? + +=item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"? + +=item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script? + +=item What is a JAPH? + +=item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms? + +=item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version +(5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language)? + +=back + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.32 $, +$Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09 $) + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it? + +=item How can I get a binary version of Perl? + +=item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl? + +=item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts +don't work. + +=item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic +loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work? + +=item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN? +What does CPAN/src/... mean? + +=item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl? + +=item Where can I get information on Perl? + +=item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions? + +=item Where should I post source code? + +=item Perl Books + +References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics + +=item Perl in Magazines + +=item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access + +=item What mailing lists are there for Perl? + +=item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc + +=item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl? + +=item Where do I send bug reports? + +=item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? + +=back + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 +16:08:30 $) + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item How do I do (anything)? + +=item How can I use Perl interactively? + +=item Is there a Perl shell? + +=item How do I debug my Perl programs? + +=item How do I profile my Perl programs? + +=item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs? + +=item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl? + +=item Is there a ctags for Perl? + +=item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor? + +=item Where can I get Perl macros for vi? + +=item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs? + +=item How can I use curses with Perl? + +=item How can I use X or Tk with Perl? + +=item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk? + +=item What is undump? + +=item How can I make my Perl program run faster? + +=item How can I make my Perl program take less memory? + +=item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data? + +=item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks? + +=item How can I make my CGI script more efficient? + +=item How can I hide the source for my Perl program? + +=item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C? + +=item How can I compile Perl into Java? + +=item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]? + +=item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line? + +=item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system? + +=item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl? + +=item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming? + +=item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp] + +=item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in +my C program, what am I doing wrong? + +=item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it +mean? + +=item What's MakeMaker? + +=back + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 +20:37:49 $) + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Data: Numbers + +=over + +=item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the +numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)? + +=item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly? + +=item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()? +Trig functions? + +=item How do I convert bits into ints? + +=item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to? + +=item How do I multiply matrices? + +=item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers? + +=item How can I output Roman numerals? + +=item Why aren't my random numbers random? + +=back + +=item Data: Dates + +=over + +=item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year? + +=item How do I find the current century or millennium? + +=item How can I compare two dates and find the difference? + +=item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds? + +=item How can I find the Julian Day? + +=item How do I find yesterday's date? + +=item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant? + +=back + +=item Data: Strings + +=over + +=item How do I validate input? + +=item How do I unescape a string? + +=item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters? + +=item How do I expand function calls in a string? + +=item How do I find matching/nesting anything? + +=item How do I reverse a string? + +=item How do I expand tabs in a string? + +=item How do I reformat a paragraph? + +=item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string? + +=item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something? + +=item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a +string? + +=item How do I capitalize all the words on one line? + +=item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside +[character]? (Comma-separated files) + +=item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string? + +=item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes? + +=item How do I extract selected columns from a string? + +=item How do I find the soundex value of a string? + +=item How can I expand variables in text strings? + +=item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"? + +=item Why don't my <? + +=item Is there a leak/bug in glob()? + +=item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks? + +=item How can I reliably rename a file? + +=item How can I lock a file? + +=item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")? + +=item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in +the file. How can I do this? + +=item How do I randomly update a binary file? + +=item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl? + +=item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl? + +=item How do I print to more than one file at once? + +=item How can I read in an entire file all at once? + +=item How can I read in a file by paragraphs? + +=item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard? + +=item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle? + +=item How do I do a C in perl? + +=item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl? + +=item How do I close a file descriptor by number? + +=item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't +`C:\temp\foo.exe` work? + +=item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files? + +=item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber +protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl? + +=item How do I select a random line from a file? + +=item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines? + +=back + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $) + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible +and unmaintainable code? + +Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters + +=item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong? + +=item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on +different lines? + +=item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong? + +=item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS, but preserving +case on the RHS? + +=item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets? + +=item How can I match a locale-smart version of C? + +=item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex? + +=item What is C really for? + +=item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a +file? + +=item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text? + +=item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it? + +=item How do I process each word on each line? + +=item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary? + +=item How can I do approximate matching? + +=item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once? + +=item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me? + +=item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down? + +=item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression? + +=item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant? + +=item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context? + +=item How can I match strings with multibyte characters? + +=item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user? + +=back + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date: +1999/05/23 20:36:18 $) + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language? + +=item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to +use them? + +=item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and +commas? + +=item How do I skip some return values? =item How do I temporarily block warnings? @@ -1129,635 +3320,542 @@ CGI script to do bad things? =back -=head2 perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0 +=head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator =over =item DESCRIPTION -=item Core Enhancements - =over -=item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency - -=item Lexically scoped warning categories - -=item Unicode and UTF-8 support - -=item Support for interpolating named characters - -=item "our" declarations - -=item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals - -=item Improved Perl version numbering system - -=item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes - -=item File and directory handles can be autovivified - -=item open() with more than two arguments - -=item 64-bit support - -=item Large file support - -=item Long doubles - -=item "more bits" - -=item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines - -=item C allowed - -=item File globbing implemented internally - -Support for CHECK blocks - -=item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported - -Better pseudo-random number generator - -=item Improved C operator - -Better worst-case behavior of hashes +=item Layout -=item pack() format 'Z' supported +B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref -=item pack() format modifier '!' supported +=back -=item pack() and unpack() support counted strings +=item Using The Back Ends -=item Comments in pack() templates +=over -=item Weak references +=item The Cross Referencing Back End -=item Binary numbers supported +i, &, s, r -=item Lvalue subroutines +=item The Decompiling Back End -=item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references +=item The Lint Back End -=item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues +=item The Simple C Back End -=item exists() is supported on subroutine names +=item The Bytecode Back End -=item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements +=item The Optimized C Back End -=item Pseudo-hashes work better +B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, +B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, +B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref -=item Automatic flushing of output buffers +=back -=item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations +=item KNOWN PROBLEMS -=item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle +=item AUTHOR -=item eof() has the same old magic as <> +=back -=item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes +=head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program -=item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text" +=over -=item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Improved diagnostics +=over -=item Diagnostics follow STDERR +=item PREAMBLE -More consistent close-on-exec behavior +B, B, B, B, B -=item syswrite() ease-of-use +=item ROADMAP -=item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators +=item Compiling your C program -=item Bit operators support full native integer width +=item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program -=item Improved security features +=item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program -More functional bareword prototype (*) +=item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program -=item C and C may be overridden +=item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program -=item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character +=item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program -=item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch +=item Maintaining a persistent interpreter -=item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string +=item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances -=item Optional Y2K warnings +=item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C +program =back -=item Modules and Pragmata - -=over +=item Embedding Perl under Windows -=item Modules +=item MORAL -attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper, -DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English, -Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec, -File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt, -Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker, -podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage, -pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname, -Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters +=item AUTHOR -=item Pragmata +=item COPYRIGHT =back -=item Utility Changes +=head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging =over -=item dprofpp - -=item find2perl - -=item h2xs +=item DESCRIPTION -=item perlcc +=item Debugger Internals -=item perldoc +=over -=item The Perl Debugger +=item Writing Your Own Debugger =back -=item Improved Documentation - -perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod, -perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod, -perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod, -perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod +=item Frame Listing Output Examples -=item Performance enhancements +=item Debugging regular expressions =over -=item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized +=item Compile-time output -=item Optimized assignments to lexical variables +C I C I, C I C +I, C, C, C +I, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C -=item Faster subroutine calls +=item Types of nodes -delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster +=item Run-time output =back -=item Installation and Configuration Improvements +=item Debugging Perl memory usage =over -=item -Dusethreads means something different - -=item New Configure flags +=item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}> -=item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring +C, Free/Used, C, C, C, C, C -=item Long Doubles +=item Example of using B<-DL> switch -=item -Dusemorebits +C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704> -=item -Duselargefiles +=item B<-DL> details -=item installusrbinperl +C, C, C -=item SOCKS support +=item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics -=item C<-A> flag +=back -=item Enhanced Installation Directories +=item SEE ALSO =back -=item Platform specific changes +=head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs =over -=item Supported platforms - -=item DOS - -=item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS) - -=item VMS - -=item Win32 - -=back +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Significant bug fixes +=item SPECIAL NOTES =over -=item on empty files +=item make -=item C improvements +=item Version caveat -=item All compilation errors are true errors +=item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading -=item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer +=back -=item Behavior of list slices is more consistent +=item TUTORIAL + +=over -=item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}> +=item EXAMPLE 1 -=item C and AUTOLOAD +=item EXAMPLE 2 -=item C<-bareword> allowed under C +=item What has gone on? -=item Failures in DESTROY() +=item Writing good test scripts -=item Locale bugs fixed +=item EXAMPLE 3 -=item Memory leaks +=item What's new here? -=item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls +=item Input and Output Parameters -=item Taint failures under C<-U> +=item The XSUBPP Program -=item END blocks and the C<-c> switch +=item The TYPEMAP file -=item Potential to leak DATA filehandles +=item Warning about Output Arguments -=back +=item EXAMPLE 4 -=item New or Changed Diagnostics +=item What has happened here? -(perhaps you forgot to load "%s"?), "%s" variable %s masks earlier -declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet implemented, "our" variable %s -redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s, / cannot take a count, / must -be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow -a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, /%s/: -Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class passed through, /%s/ should -probably be written as "%s", %s() called too early to check prototype, %s -argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY -element or slice, %s argument is not a subroutine name, %s package -attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> -should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled substitution pattern, -Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional, Binary number > -0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector size > 32 -non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check filesystem -of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s", Can't -declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default, Can't -modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't remove -%s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't weaken -a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class syntax [%s] -belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference, -constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated, -defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean -"local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective -%s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for -output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires -explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable, -Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: -|%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal -number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute: -%s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid -separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in -subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs -returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing -%sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub", -No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our", -No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time -is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref, -panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing -around "%s" list, Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use -"sub NAME : ATTRS" instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count -in pack overflows, Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed -memory ignored, Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, -Strange *+?{} on zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not -implemented, This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl -can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown -open() mode '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, -Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter -in attribute list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute -parameter in subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute -list, Value of CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant -number +=item Anatomy of .xs file -=item New tests +=item Getting the fat out of XSUBs -=item Incompatible Changes +=item More about XSUB arguments -=over +=item The Argument Stack -=item Perl Source Incompatibilities +=item Extending your Extension -CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed +=item Documenting your Extension -=item Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different +=item Installing your Extension -Literals of the form C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed -pseudo-random number generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, -C fails on read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe -and socket handles, Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, -delete(), values() and C<\(%h)> operate on aliases to values, not copies, -vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS, Text of some diagnostic -output has changed, C<%@> has been removed, Parenthesized not() behaves -like a list operator, Semantics of bareword prototype C<(*)> have changed +=item EXAMPLE 5 -=item Semantics of bit operators may have changed on 64-bit platforms +=item New Things in this Example -=item More builtins taint their results +=item EXAMPLE 6 -=item C Source Incompatibilities +=item New Things in this Example -C, C, C +=item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon) -=item Compatible C Source API Changes +=item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon) -C is now C +=item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon) -=item Binary Incompatibilities +=item Troubleshooting these Examples =back -=item Known Problems +=item See also + +=item Author =over -=item Thread test failures +=item Last Changed -=item EBCDIC platforms not supported +=back -=item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang +=back -=item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure +=head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual -=item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with -gcc +=over -=item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Arrow operator and arrays +=over -=item Windows 2000 +=item Introduction -=item Experimental features +=item On The Road -Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The -pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file -globbing, The DB module, The regular expression constructs C<(?{ code })> -and C<(??{ code })> +=item The Anatomy of an XSUB -=back +=item The Argument Stack -=item Obsolete Diagnostics +=item The RETVAL Variable -Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed -logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, Probable precedence problem on %s, -regexp too big, Use of "$$" to mean "${$}" is deprecated +=item The MODULE Keyword -=item Reporting Bugs +=item The PACKAGE Keyword -=item SEE ALSO +=item The PREFIX Keyword -=item HISTORY +=item The OUTPUT: Keyword -=back +=item The CODE: Keyword -=head2 perldata - Perl data types +=item The INIT: Keyword -=over +=item The NO_INIT Keyword -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Initializing Function Parameters -=over +=item Default Parameter Values -=item Variable names +=item The PREINIT: Keyword -=item Context +=item The SCOPE: Keyword -=item Scalar values +=item The INPUT: Keyword -=item Scalar value constructors +=item Variable-length Parameter Lists -=item List value constructors +=item The C_ARGS: Keyword -=item Slices +=item The PPCODE: Keyword -=item Typeglobs and Filehandles +=item Returning Undef And Empty Lists -=back +=item The REQUIRE: Keyword -=item SEE ALSO +=item The CLEANUP: Keyword -=back +=item The BOOT: Keyword -=head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax +=item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword -=over +=item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword -=item DESCRIPTION +=item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword -=over +=item The ALIAS: Keyword -=item Declarations +=item The INTERFACE: Keyword -=item Simple statements +=item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword -=item Compound statements +=item The INCLUDE: Keyword -=item Loop Control +=item The CASE: Keyword -=item For Loops +=item The & Unary Operator -=item Foreach Loops +=item Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives -=item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements +=item Using XS With C++ -=item Goto +=item Interface Strategy -=item PODs: Embedded Documentation +=item Perl Objects And C Structures -=item Plain Old Comments (Not!) +=item The Typemap =back +=item EXAMPLES + +=item XS VERSION + +=item AUTHOR + =back -=head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence +=head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API =over -=item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION +=item Variables + =over -=item Terms and List Operators (Leftward) +=item Datatypes -=item The Arrow Operator +=item What is an "IV"? -=item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement +=item Working with SVs -=item Exponentiation +=item What's Really Stored in an SV? -=item Symbolic Unary Operators +=item Working with AVs -=item Binding Operators +=item Working with HVs -=item Multiplicative Operators +=item Hash API Extensions -=item Additive Operators +=item References + +=item Blessed References and Class Objects + +=item Creating New Variables + +=item Reference Counts and Mortality + +=item Stashes and Globs + +=item Double-Typed SVs + +=item Magic Variables + +=item Assigning Magic + +=item Magic Virtual Tables -=item Shift Operators +=item Finding Magic -=item Named Unary Operators +=item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays -=item Relational Operators +=item Localizing changes -=item Equality Operators +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C -=item Bitwise And +=back -=item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or +=item Subroutines -=item C-style Logical And +=over -=item C-style Logical Or +=item XSUBs and the Argument Stack -=item Range Operators +=item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs -=item Conditional Operator +=item Memory Allocation -=item Assignment Operators +=item PerlIO -=item Comma Operator +=item Putting a C value on Perl stack -=item List Operators (Rightward) +=item Scratchpads -=item Logical Not +=item Scratchpads and recursion -=item Logical And +=back -=item Logical or and Exclusive Or +=item Compiled code -=item C Operators Missing From Perl +=over -unary &, unary *, (TYPE) +=item Code tree -=item Quote and Quote-like Operators +=item Examining the tree -=item Regexp Quote-Like Operators +=item Compile pass 1: check routines -?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>, -qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/, -s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, -y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds +=item Compile pass 1a: constant folding -=item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs +=item Compile pass 2: context propagation -Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation, -C<<<'EOF'>, C, C, C, C, C<''>, C, C<"">, -C<``>, C, C, C<< >>, C, C, C, -C,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of -regular expressions +=item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization -=item I/O Operators +=back -=item Constant Folding +=item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported -=item Bitwise String Operators +=over -=item Integer Arithmetic +=item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT -=item Floating-point Arithmetic +=item How do I use all this in extensions? -=item Bigger Numbers +=item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS =back +=item AUTHORS + +=item SEE ALSO + =back -=head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions +=head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C =over =item DESCRIPTION -i, m, s, x +An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program -=over +=item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS -=item Regular Expressions +call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv -cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit +=item FLAG VALUES -=item Extended Patterns +=over -C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>, -C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?, C<(?{ -code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>, -C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)> +=item G_VOID -=item Backtracking +=item G_SCALAR -=item Version 8 Regular Expressions +=item G_ARRAY -=item Warning on \1 vs $1 +=item G_DISCARD -=item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring +=item G_NOARGS -=item Combining pieces together +=item G_EVAL -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>, -C<(?!S)>, C<(?, C<(??{ EXPR })>, -C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)> +=item G_KEEPERR -=item Creating custom RE engines +=item Determining the Context =back -=item BUGS +=item KNOWN PROBLEMS -=item SEE ALSO +=item EXAMPLES -=back +=over -=head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter +=item No Parameters, Nothing returned -=over +=item Passing Parameters -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Returning a Scalar -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Returning a list of values -=over +=item Returning a list in a scalar context -=item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems +=item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list -OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS +=item Using G_EVAL -=item Location of Perl +=item Using G_KEEPERR -=item Command Switches +=item Using call_sv -B<-0>[I], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I, -B<-D>I, B<-D>I, B<-e> I, B<-F>I, -B<-h>, B<-i>[I], B<-I>I, B<-l>[I], -B<-m>[B<->]I, B<-M>[B<->]I, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>, -B<-[mM]>[B<->]I, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>, -B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>, -B<-x> I +=item Using call_argv + +=item Using call_method + +=item Using GIMME_V + +=item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries + +=item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information + +1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of +callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl +callback + +=item Alternate Stack Manipulation + +=item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C =back -=item ENVIRONMENT +=item SEE ALSO -HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL -(specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, -PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port) +=item AUTHOR + +=item DATE =back -=head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions +=head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution =over @@ -1765,152 +3863,61 @@ PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port) =over -=item Perl Functions by Category - -Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching, -Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data, -Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed -length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories, -Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related -to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process -groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and -object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess -communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network -info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted -in perl5 - -=item Portability +=item DOCUMENTATION -=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions +L, L and L, +L and L, L, +L, L, L, +L -I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept -NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, -binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, -bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, -chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, -chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE, -connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, -dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete -EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump, -each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, -exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl -FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, -fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, -getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam -NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname -NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr -ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, -getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, -getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent -STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, -endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, -getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, -goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, -import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl -FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, -last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, -link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, -lock, log EXPR, log, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK -LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl -ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd -ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module -LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open -FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, pack -TEMPLATE,LIST, package, package NAMESPACE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop -ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, -printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, -push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, -quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read -FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir -DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv -SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename -OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset, -return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex -STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar -EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select -FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl -ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send -SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority -WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY, -shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, -shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep -EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair -SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST, -sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, -splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split -/PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, -sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, -study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr -EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr -EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen -FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread -FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek -FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite -FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, -syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie -VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate -FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, -ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack -TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST, -use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST, -values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn -LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y/// +=item CONVERTORS + +L, L, L + +=item Development + +L, L, L and L, +L, L, L + +=item SEE ALSO =back =back -=head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables +=head2 perlfilter - Source Filters =over =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=item CONCEPTS -=item Predefined Names +=item USING FILTERS -$ARG, $_, $>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $', -$LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, -input_line_number HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, -input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, -autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE -EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE -EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", -$SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE -EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR, -$FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR, -$FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, @-, C<$`> is the same as -C, C<$&> is the same as C, C<$'> is the same as C, C<$1> is the same -as C, C<$2> is the same as -C, C<$3> is the same as C, format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~, -format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^, -format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, -$:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, -$CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, -$EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, -$EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, -$EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, -$DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, -$OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, -0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, -$BASETIME, $^T, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, -${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC, -%ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr} +=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER -=item Error Indicators +=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C -=item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names +B -=back +=item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE -=item BUGS +=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL + +=item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER + +=item CONCLUSION + +=item REQUIREMENTS + +=item AUTHOR + +=item Copyrights =back -=head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines +=head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters =over @@ -1918,1995 +3925,2267 @@ ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC, =item DESCRIPTION +B, B, B, +B + =over -=item Private Variables via my() +=item The Filter -=item Persistent Private Variables +=item An Example -- the NULL termination problem. -=item Temporary Values via local() +=item Another Example -- Key is a C int. -=item Lvalue subroutines +=back -=item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs) +=item SEE ALSO -=item When to Still Use local() +=item AUTHOR -1. You need to give a global variable a temporary value, especially $_, 2. -You need to create a local file or directory handle or a local function, 3. -You want to temporarily change just one element of an array or hash +=back -=item Pass by Reference +=head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API -=item Prototypes +=over -=item Constant Functions +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Overriding Built-in Functions +AvFILL, av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, +av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, +call_method, call_pv, call_sv, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, dMARK, +dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND, +fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, get_av, get_cv, get_hv, get_sv, GIMME, +GIMME_V, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, +gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, +G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, +HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, +hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, +hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, +hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, +isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, +mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, New, newAV, +Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv, +newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv, newXS, newXSproto, +Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, +perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, +PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_modglobal, PL_na, +PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, POPs, PUSHi, +PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, require_pv, +RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, +strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, +SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, +SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvLOCK, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, +SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, +SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPV, SvPVX, SvPV_force, SvPV_nolen, +SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, +SvSETMAGIC, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, +SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, +SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUNLOCK, SvUPGRADE, SvUV, +SvUVX, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, +sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_cmp, sv_dec, +sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, +sv_len, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, +sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, +sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, +sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, +sv_setuv_mg, sv_unref, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_vcatpvfn, +sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, U8 *s, utf8_to_bytes, warn, XPUSHi, +XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, +XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, +XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, +XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero -=item Autoloading +=item AUTHORS -=item Subroutine Attributes +=item SEE ALSO =back +=head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B + Perl functions + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +is_gv_magical + +=item AUTHORS + =item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables) +=head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface. =over +=item SYNOPSIS + =item DESCRIPTION +B, B, B, B, +B, B, +B, B, +B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B + =over -=item Packages +=item Co-existence with stdio -=item Symbol Tables +B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B -=item Package Constructors and Destructors +=back -=item Perl Classes +=back -=item Perl Modules +=head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Infrastructure + +=over + +=item Mailing list archives + +=item Bug tracking system + +=item Regression Tests + +Coverage, Regression, __DIE__, suidperl, The 25% slowdown from perl4 to +perl5 =back -=item SEE ALSO +=item Configure + +=over + +=item Install HTML =back -=head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones +=item Perl Language =over -=item DESCRIPTION +=item our ($var) -=item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY +=item 64-bit Perl + +=item Prototypes + +Named prototypes, Indirect objects, Method calls, Context, Scoped subs + +=back + +=item Perl Internals =over -=item Pragmatic Modules +=item magic_setisa -attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, -diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, locale, open, ops, overload, -re, sigtrap, strict, subs, utf8, vars, warnings +=item Garbage Collection -=item Standard Modules +=item Reliable signals -AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, -B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, -B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, -CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, -CGI::Switch, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, -Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, -English, Env, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, -ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, -ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, -ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, -ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, -ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree, -File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path, -File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, -File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, -File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, -I18N::Collate, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, -Math::Complex, Math::Trig, NDBM_File, Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent, -Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, -Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseUtils, -Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, -Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, -SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, -Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, -Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Wrap, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, -Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, -Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, -User::pwent +Alternate runops() for signal despatch, Figure out how to die() in delayed +sighandler, Add tests for Thread::Signal, Automatic tests against CPAN -=item Extension Modules +=item Interpolated regex performance bugs + +=item Memory leaks from failed eval/regcomp + +=item Make XS easier to use + +=item Make embedded Perl easier to use + +=item Namespace cleanup + +=item MULTIPLICITY + +=item MacPerl =back -=item CPAN +=item Documentation -Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating -System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess -Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces, -User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages, -File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String -Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option, -Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing, -Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption, -World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities, -Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, -and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and -exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities, -Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Central America, Europe, -North America, South America +=over + +=item A clear division into tutorial and reference + +=item Remove the artificial distinction between operators and functions + +=item More tutorials + +Regular expressions, I/O, pack/unpack, Debugging + +=item Include a search tool + +=item Include a locate tool + +=item Separate function manpages by default + +=item Users can't find the manpages + +=item Install ALL Documentation + +=item Outstanding issues to be documented + +=item Adapt www.linuxhq.com for Perl + +=item Replace man with a perl program + +=item Unicode tutorial -=item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse +=back + +=item Modules =over -=item Guidelines for Module Creation +=item Update the POSIX extension to conform with the POSIX 1003.1 Edition 2 -Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new -module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select -what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?, -README and other Additional Files, A description of the -module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites -- what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to -Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release, -especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in -the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a -version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take -care when changing a released module +=item Module versions -=item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules +=item New modules -There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications, -Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started, -Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from ' -to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes +=item Profiler -=item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code +=item Tie Modules -Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many -applications contain some Perl code that could be reused, Break-out the -reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity -to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application' -can then be reduced to a small +VecArray, SubstrArray, VirtualArray, ShiftSplice -=back +=item Procedural options -=item NOTE +=item RPC -=back +=item y2k localtime/gmtime -=head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules +=item Export File::Find variables -=over +=item Ioctl -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Debugger attach/detach -=over +=item Regular Expression debugger -=item PREAMBLE +=item Alternative RE Syntax -B the file, B the file into a directory, B the -module (sometimes unnecessary), B the module +=item Bundled modules -=back +=item Expect -=item HEY +=item GUI::Native -=item AUTHOR +=item Update semibroken auxiliary tools; h2ph, a2p, etc. -=item COPYRIGHT +=item POD Converters + +=item pod2html + +=item Podchecker =back -=head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation +=item Tom's Wishes =over -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Webperl -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Mobile agents -=over +=item POSIX on non-POSIX -=item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes +=item Portable installations -$$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept -filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to -files, directories and network sockets +=back -=item Resource limits +=item Win32 Stuff -=item Killing the parent process +=over -=item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes +=item Rename new headers to be consistent with the rest -=item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS +=item Sort out the spawnvp() mess -BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented, -Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger -application, Thread-safety of extensions +=item Work out DLL versioning + +=item Style-check =back -=item BUGS +=item Would be nice to have -=item AUTHOR +C, Contiguous bitfields in pack/unpack, lexperl, Bundled +perl preprocessor, Use posix calls internally where possible, format +BOTTOM, -i rename file only when successfully changed, All ARGV input +should act like <>, report HANDLE [formats], support in perlmain to rerun +debugger, lvalue functions -=item SEE ALSO +=item Possible pragmas + +=over + +=item 'less' =back -=head2 perlform - Perl formats +=item Optimizations =over -=item DESCRIPTION +=item constant function cache -=over +=item foreach(reverse...) -=item Format Variables +=item Cache eval tree -=back +=item rcatmaybe -=item NOTES +=item Shrink opcode tables -=over +=item Cache hash value -=item Footers +=item Optimize away @_ where possible -=item Accessing Formatting Internals +=item Optimize sort by { $a <=> $b } + +=item Rewrite regexp parser for better integrated optimization =back -=item WARNINGS +=item Vague possibilities -=back +ref function in list context, make tr/// return histogram in list context?, +Loop control on do{} et al, Explicit switch statements, compile to real +threaded code, structured types, Modifiable $1 et al -=head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and -localization) +=item To Do Or Not To Do =over -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Making my() work on "package" variables -=item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES +=item "or" testing defined not truth -=item USING LOCALES +=item "dynamic" lexicals -=over +=item "class"-based, rather than package-based "lexicals" -=item The use locale pragma +=back -=item The setlocale function +=item Threading -=item Finding locales +=over -=item LOCALE PROBLEMS +=item Modules -=item Temporarily fixing locale problems +=item Testing -=item Permanently fixing locale problems +=item $AUTOLOAD -=item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration +=item exit/die -=item Fixing system locale configuration +=item External threads -=item The localeconv function +=item Thread::Pool + +=item thread-safety + +=item Per-thread GVs =back -=item LOCALE CATEGORIES +=item Compiler =over -=item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation +=item Optimization -=item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types +=item Byteperl -=item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting +=item Precompiled modules -=item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts +=item Executables -=item LC_TIME +=item Typed lexicals -=item Other categories +=item Win32 -=back +=item END blocks -=item SECURITY +=item _AUTOLOAD -B (C, C, C, C and C):, -B (with C<\l>, C<\L>, C<\u> or C<\U>), -B (C):, B (C):, -B (printf() and write()):, B (lc(), lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, B (localeconv(), strcoll(), strftime(), strxfrm()):, B (isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(), isgraph(), -islower(), isprint(), ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(), isxdigit()): +=item comppadlist -=item ENVIRONMENT +=item Cached compilation -PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, -LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG +=back -=item NOTES +=item Recently Finished Tasks =over -=item Backward compatibility +=item Figure a way out of $^(capital letter) -=item I18N:Collate obsolete +=item Filenames -=item Sort speed and memory use impacts +=item Foreign lines -=item write() and LC_NUMERIC +=item Namespace cleanup -=item Freely available locale definitions +=item ISA.pm -=item I18n and l10n +=item gettimeofday -=item An imperfect standard +=item autocroak? =back -=item BUGS +=back -=over +=head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals -=item Broken systems +=over -=back +=item DESCRIPTION -=item SEE ALSO +Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the +implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is +the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does +it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is +the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is there enough +documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much +work?, Patches speak louder than words -=item HISTORY +=item AUTHOR =back -=head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures +=head2 perlhist - the Perl history records =over -=item NOTE - =item DESCRIPTION +=item INTRODUCTION + +=item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN + =over -=item Making References +=item PUMPKIN? -=item Using References +=back -=item Symbolic references +=item THE RECORDS -=item Not-so-symbolic references +=over -=item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash +=item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES -=item Function Templates +=item SELECTED PATCH SIZES =back -=item WARNING - -=item SEE ALSO +=item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS =back -=head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references +=head2 perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0 =over =item DESCRIPTION -=item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures? +=item Core Enhancements -=item The Solution +=over -=item Syntax +=item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency -=over +=item Lexically scoped warning categories -=item Making References +=item Unicode and UTF-8 support -=item Using References +=item Support for interpolating named characters -=back +=item "our" declarations -=item An Example +=item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals -=item Arrow Rule +=item Improved Perl version numbering system -=item Solution +=item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes -=item The Rest +=item File and directory handles can be autovivified -=item Summary +=item open() with more than two arguments -=item Credits +=item 64-bit support -=over +=item Large file support -=item Distribution Conditions +=item Long doubles -=back +=item "more bits" -=back +=item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines -=head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook +=item C allowed -=over +=item File globbing implemented internally -=item DESCRIPTION +Support for CHECK blocks -arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes, -more elaborate constructs +=item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported -=item REFERENCES +Better pseudo-random number generator -=item COMMON MISTAKES +=item Improved C operator -=item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE +Better worst-case behavior of hashes -=item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C +=item pack() format 'Z' supported -=item DEBUGGING +=item pack() format modifier '!' supported -=item CODE EXAMPLES +=item pack() and unpack() support counted strings -=item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS +=item Comments in pack() templates -=over +=item Weak references -=item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS +=item Binary numbers supported -=item Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS +=item Lvalue subroutines -=item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS +=item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references -=back +=item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues + +=item exists() is supported on subroutine names + +=item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements + +=item Pseudo-hashes work better + +=item Automatic flushing of output buffers + +=item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations + +=item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle + +=item eof() has the same old magic as <> + +=item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes + +=item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text" + +=item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure + +=item Improved diagnostics + +=item Diagnostics follow STDERR -=item HASHES OF ARRAYS +More consistent close-on-exec behavior -=over +=item syswrite() ease-of-use -=item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS +=item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators -=item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS +=item Bit operators support full native integer width -=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS +=item Improved security features -=back +More functional bareword prototype (*) -=item ARRAYS OF HASHES +=item C and C may be overridden -=over +=item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character -=item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES +=item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch -=item Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES +=item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string -=item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES +=item Optional Y2K warnings =back -=item HASHES OF HASHES +=item Modules and Pragmata =over -=item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES +=item Modules -=item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES +attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper, +DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English, +Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec, +File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt, +Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker, +podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage, +pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname, +Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters -=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES +=item Pragmata =back -=item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS +=item Utility Changes =over -=item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS - -=item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS +=item dprofpp -=item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS +=item find2perl -=back +=item h2xs -=item Database Ties +=item perlcc -=item SEE ALSO +=item perldoc -=item AUTHOR +=item The Perl Debugger =back -=head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl - -=over +=item Improved Documentation -=item DESCRIPTION +perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod, +perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod, +perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod, +perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod -=item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays +=item Performance enhancements -=item Growing Your Own +=over -=item Access and Printing +=item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized -=item Slices +=item Optimized assignments to lexical variables -=item SEE ALSO +=item Faster subroutine calls -=item AUTHOR +delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster =back -=head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial - -=over - -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Installation and Configuration Improvements =over -=item If we could talk to the animals... +=item -Dusethreads means something different -=item Introducing the method invocation arrow +=item New Configure flags -=item Invoking a barnyard +=item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring -=item The extra parameter of method invocation +=item Long Doubles -=item Calling a second method to simplify things +=item -Dusemorebits -=item Inheriting the windpipes +=item -Duselargefiles -=item A few notes about @ISA +=item installusrbinperl -=item Overriding the methods +=item SOCKS support -=item Starting the search from a different place +=item C<-A> flag -=item The SUPER way of doing things +=item Enhanced Installation Directories -=item Where we're at so far... +=back -=item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it? +=item Platform specific changes -=item Invoking an instance method +=over -=item Accessing the instance data +=item Supported platforms -=item How to build a horse +=item DOS -=item Inheriting the constructor +=item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS) -=item Making a method work with either classes or instances +=item VMS -=item Adding parameters to a method +=item Win32 -=item More interesting instances +=back -=item A horse of a different color +=item Significant bug fixes -=item Summary +=over -=back +=item on empty files -=item SEE ALSO +=item C improvements -=item COPYRIGHT +=item All compilation errors are true errors -=back +=item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer -=head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl +=item Behavior of list slices is more consistent -=over +=item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}> -=item DESCRIPTION +=item C and AUTOLOAD -=item Creating a Class +=item C<-bareword> allowed under C -=over +=item Failures in DESTROY() -=item Object Representation +=item Locale bugs fixed -=item Class Interface +=item Memory leaks -=item Constructors and Instance Methods +=item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls -=item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors +=item Taint failures under C<-U> -=item Destructors +=item END blocks and the C<-c> switch -=item Other Object Methods +=item Potential to leak DATA filehandles =back -=item Class Data - -=over - -=item Accessing Class Data +=item New or Changed Diagnostics -=item Debugging Methods +(perhaps you forgot to load "%s"?), "%s" variable %s masks earlier +declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet implemented, "our" variable %s +redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s, / cannot take a count, / must +be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow +a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, /%s/: +Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class passed through, /%s/ should +probably be written as "%s", %s() called too early to check prototype, %s +argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY +element or slice, %s argument is not a subroutine name, %s package +attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> +should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled substitution pattern, +Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional, Binary number > +0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector size > 32 +non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check filesystem +of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s", Can't +declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default, Can't +modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't remove +%s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't weaken +a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class syntax [%s] +belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference, +constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated, +defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean +"local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective +%s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for +output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires +explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable, +Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: +|%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal +number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute: +%s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid +separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in +subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs +returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing +%sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub", +No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our", +No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time +is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref, +panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing +around "%s" list, Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use +"sub NAME : ATTRS" instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count +in pack overflows, Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed +memory ignored, Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, +Strange *+?{} on zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not +implemented, This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl +can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown +open() mode '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, +Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter +in attribute list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute +parameter in subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute +list, Value of CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant +number -=item Class Destructors +=item New tests -=item Documenting the Interface +=item Incompatible Changes -=back +=over -=item Aggregation +=item Perl Source Incompatibilities -=item Inheritance +CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed -=over +=item Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different -=item Overridden Methods +Literals of the form C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed +pseudo-random number generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, +C fails on read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe +and socket handles, Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, +delete(), values() and C<\(%h)> operate on aliases to values, not copies, +vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS, Text of some diagnostic +output has changed, C<%@> has been removed, Parenthesized not() behaves +like a list operator, Semantics of bareword prototype C<(*)> have changed -=item Multiple Inheritance +=item Semantics of bit operators may have changed on 64-bit platforms -=item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects +=item More builtins taint their results -=back +=item C Source Incompatibilities -=item Alternate Object Representations +C, C, C -=over +=item Compatible C Source API Changes -=item Arrays as Objects +C is now C -=item Closures as Objects +=item Binary Incompatibilities =back -=item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods +=item Known Problems =over -=item Autoloaded Data Methods +=item Thread test failures -=item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods +=item EBCDIC platforms not supported -=back +=item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang -=item Metaclassical Tools +=item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure + +=item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with +gcc -=over +=item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run -=item Class::Struct +=item Arrow operator and arrays -=item Data Members as Variables +=item Windows 2000 -=item NOTES +=item Experimental features -=item Object Terminology +Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The +pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file +globbing, The DB module, The regular expression constructs C<(?{ code })> +and C<(??{ code })> =back -=item SEE ALSO - -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item Obsolete Diagnostics -=item COPYRIGHT +Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed +logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, Probable precedence problem on %s, +regexp too big, Use of "$$" to mean "${$}" is deprecated -=over +=item Reporting Bugs -=item Acknowledgments +=item SEE ALSO -=back +=item HISTORY =back -=head2 perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl +=head2 perl56delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0 =over =item DESCRIPTION -=item Class Data as Package Variables +=item Core Enhancements =over -=item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket - -=item Inheritance Concerns +=item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency -=item The Eponymous Meta-Object +=item Lexically scoped warning categories -=item Indirect References to Class Data +=item Unicode and UTF-8 support -=item Monadic Classes +=item Support for interpolating named characters -=item Translucent Attributes +=item "our" declarations -=back +=item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals -=item Class Data as Lexical Variables +=item Improved Perl version numbering system -=over +=item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes -=item Privacy and Responsibility +=item File and directory handles can be autovivified -=item File-Scoped Lexicals +=item open() with more than two arguments -=item More Inheritance Concerns +=item 64-bit support -=item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key +=item Large file support -=item Translucency Revisited +=item Long doubles -=back +=item "more bits" -=item NOTES +=item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines -=item SEE ALSO +=item C allowed -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item File globbing implemented internally -=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS +=item Support for CHECK blocks -=item HISTORY +=item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported -=back +=item Better pseudo-random number generator -=head2 perlobj - Perl objects +=item Improved C operator -=over +=item Better worst-case behavior of hashes -=item DESCRIPTION +=item pack() format 'Z' supported -=over +=item pack() format modifier '!' supported -=item An Object is Simply a Reference +=item pack() and unpack() support counted strings -=item A Class is Simply a Package +=item Comments in pack() templates -=item A Method is Simply a Subroutine +=item Weak references -=item Method Invocation +=item Binary numbers supported -=item WARNING +=item Lvalue subroutines -=item Default UNIVERSAL methods +=item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references -isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ) +=item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues -=item Destructors +=item exists() is supported on subroutine names -=item Summary +=item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements -=item Two-Phased Garbage Collection +=item Pseudo-hashes work better -=back +=item Automatic flushing of output buffers -=item SEE ALSO +=item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations -=back +=item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle -=head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable +=item eof() has the same old magic as <> -=over +=item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes -=item SYNOPSIS +=item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text" -=item DESCRIPTION +=item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure -=over +=item Improved diagnostics -=item Tying Scalars +=item Diagnostics follow STDERR -TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this +=item More consistent close-on-exec behavior -=item Tying Arrays +=item syswrite() ease-of-use -TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value, -DESTROY this +=item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators -=item Tying Hashes +=item Bit operators support full native integer width -USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE -this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY -this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this +=item Improved security features -=item Tying FileHandles +=item More functional bareword prototype (*) -TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, -LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, DESTROY this +=item C and C may be overridden -=item The C Gotcha +=item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character -=back +=item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch -=item SEE ALSO +=item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string -=item BUGS +=item Optional Y2K warnings -=item AUTHOR +=item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings =back -=head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT) +=item Modules and Pragmata =over -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Modules -=item OO SCALING TIPS +attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper, +DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English, +Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec, +File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt, +Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker, +podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage, +pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname, +Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters -=item INSTANCE VARIABLES +=item Pragmata -=item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE +=back -=item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS +=item Utility Changes -=item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS +=over -=item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM +=item dprofpp -=item THINKING OF CODE REUSE +=item find2perl -=item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT +=item h2xs -=item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR +=item perlcc -=item DELEGATION +=item perldoc + +=item The Perl Debugger =back -=head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, -safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores) +=item Improved Documentation -=over +perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod, +perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod, +perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod, +perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Performance enhancements -=item Signals +=over -=item Named Pipes +=item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized -=over +=item Optimized assignments to lexical variables -=item WARNING +=item Faster subroutine calls + +=item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster =back -=item Using open() for IPC +=item Installation and Configuration Improvements =over -=item Filehandles +=item -Dusethreads means something different -=item Background Processes +=item New Configure flags -=item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent +=item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring -=item Safe Pipe Opens +=item Long Doubles -=item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process +=item -Dusemorebits -=item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself +=item -Duselargefiles + +=item installusrbinperl + +=item SOCKS support + +=item C<-A> flag + +=item Enhanced Installation Directories =back -=item Sockets: Client/Server Communication +=item Platform specific changes =over -=item Internet Line Terminators +=item Supported platforms -=item Internet TCP Clients and Servers +=item DOS -=item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers +=item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS) + +=item VMS + +=item Win32 =back -=item TCP Clients with IO::Socket +=item Significant bug fixes =over -=item A Simple Client +=item on empty files -C, C, C +=item C improvements -=item A Webget Client +=item All compilation errors are true errors -=item Interactive Client with IO::Socket +=item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer -=back +=item Behavior of list slices is more consistent -=item TCP Servers with IO::Socket +=item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}> -Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse +=item C and AUTOLOAD -=item UDP: Message Passing +=item C<-bareword> allowed under C -=item SysV IPC +=item Failures in DESTROY() -=item NOTES +=item Locale bugs fixed -=item BUGS +=item Memory leaks + +=item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls + +=item Taint failures under C<-U> -=item AUTHOR +=item END blocks and the C<-c> switch -=item SEE ALSO +=item Potential to leak DATA filehandles =back -=head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters - -=over +=item New or Changed Diagnostics -=item SYNOPSIS +"%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet +implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s, +/ cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed +by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape +\\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class +passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too +early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s +argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a +subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: +%s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled +substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional, +Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector +size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check +filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s", +Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default, +Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't +remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't +weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class +syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference, +constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated, +defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean +"local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective +%s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for +output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires +explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable, +Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: +|%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal +number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute: +%s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid +separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in +subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs +returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing +%sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub", +No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our", +No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time +is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref, +panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing +around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string, +Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS" +instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows, +Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored, +Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on +zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This +Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL +environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode +'%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized +escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute +list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in +subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of +CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number -=item DESCRIPTION +=item New tests -B, B, B, -B +=item Incompatible Changes =over -=item The Filter - -=item An Example -- the NULL termination problem. - -=item Another Example -- Key is a C int. +=item Perl Source Incompatibilities -=back +CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed, +Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form +C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number +generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C fails on +read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles, +Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), values() and +C<\(%h)> operate on aliases to values, not copies, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) +enforces powers-of-two BITS, Text of some diagnostic output has changed, +C<%@> has been removed, Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, +Semantics of bareword prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit +operators may have changed on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their +results -=item SEE ALSO +=item C Source Incompatibilities -=item AUTHOR +C, C, C -=back +=item Compatible C Source API Changes -=head2 perldebug - Perl debugging +C is now C -=over +=item Binary Incompatibilities -=item DESCRIPTION +=back -=item The Perl Debugger +=item Known Problems =over -=item Debugger Commands - -h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n -[expr], r, , c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, --, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr, -b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname -[condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line] -command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O -option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >> -command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! -cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man [manpage] - -=item Configurable Options +=item Thread test failures -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C +=item EBCDIC platforms not supported -=item Debugger input/output +=item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang -Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame -listing +=item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure -=item Debugging compile-time statements +=item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with +gcc -=item Debugger Customization +=item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run -=item Readline Support +=item Arrow operator and arrays -=item Editor Support for Debugging +=item Experimental features -=item The Perl Profiler +Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The +pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file +globbing, The DB module, The regular expression constructs C<(?{ code })> +and C<(??{ code })> =back -=item Debugging regular expressions +=item Obsolete Diagnostics -=item Debugging memory usage +Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed +logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as +\@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$" +to mean "${$}" is deprecated + +=item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO -=item BUGS +=item HISTORY =back -=head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl +=head2 perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005 =over -=item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION -=item Storing numbers - -=item Numeric operators and numeric conversions +=item About the new versioning system -=item Flavors of Perl numeric operations +=item Incompatible Changes -Arithmetic operators except, C, Arithmetic operators except, -C, Bitwise operators, C, Bitwise operators, C, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a -string +=over -=item AUTHOR +=item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004. -=item SEE ALSO +=item Default installation structure has changed -=back +=item Perl Source Compatibility -=head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging +=item C Source Compatibility -=over +Core sources now require ANSI C compiler, All Perl global variables must +now be referenced with an explicit prefix, Enabling threads has source +compatibility issues -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Binary Compatibility -=item Debugger Internals +=item Security fixes may affect compatibility -=over +=item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004 -=item Writing Your Own Debugger +=item Licensing =back -=item Frame Listing Output Examples - -=item Debugging regular expressions +=item Core Changes =over -=item Compile-time output +=item Threads -C I C I, C I C -I, C, C, C -I, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C +=item Compiler -=item Types of nodes +=item Regular Expressions -=item Run-time output +Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression +constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other +improvements, Incompatible changes -=back +=item Improved malloc() -=item Debugging Perl memory usage +=item Quicksort is internally implemented -=over +=item Reliable signals -=item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}> +=item Reliable stack pointers -C, Free/Used, C, C, C, C, C +=item More generous treatment of carriage returns -=item Example of using B<-DL> switch +=item Memory leaks -C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704> +=item Better support for multiple interpreters -=item B<-DL> details +=item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined -C, C, C +=item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L module -=item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics +=item Pseudo-hashes are supported -=back +=item C is supported -=item SEE ALSO +=item Keywords can be globally overridden -=back +=item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32 -=head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics +=item C optimized -=over +=item C can be used as implicitly quoted package name -=item DESCRIPTION +=item C tests existence of a package -=back +=item Better locale support -=head2 perlsec - Perl security +=item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms -=over +=item prototype() returns useful results on builtins -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Extended support for exception handling -=over +=item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods -=item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data +=item All C format conversions are handled internally -=item Switches On the "#!" Line +=item New C keyword -=item Cleaning Up Your Path +=item New C keyword -=item Security Bugs +=item New C operator -=item Protecting Your Programs +=item C is now a reserved word -=back +=item Tied arrays are now fully supported -=item SEE ALSO +=item Tied handles support is better -=back +=item 4th argument to substr -=head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary +=item Negative LENGTH argument to splice -=over +=item Magic lvalues are now more magical -=item DESCRIPTION +=item <> now reads in records + +=back + +=item Supported Platforms =over -=item Awk Traps +=item New Platforms -=item C Traps +=item Changes in existing support -=item Sed Traps +=back -=item Shell Traps +=item Modules and Pragmata -=item Perl Traps +=over -=item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps +=item New Modules -Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical -Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts, -Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc, -Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps +B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed, +ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, +Thread, attrs, fields, re -=item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps +=item Changes in existing modules -Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, -Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, -Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance +Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File, +MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd, Benchmark -=item Parsing Traps +=back -Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing +=item Utility Changes -=item Numerical Traps +=item Documentation Changes + +=item New Diagnostics + +Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index +while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent +package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check +filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't +goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element, +Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber +for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions, +Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character +class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in +insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s: +Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming +package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such +field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously +large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance +detected while looking for method '%s' in package '%s', Reference found +where even-sized list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use +of reserved word "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed -Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops +=item Obsolete Diagnostics -=item General data type traps +Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open +temporary file, regexp too big -(Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String), -(Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide) +=item Configuration Changes -=item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts +=item BUGS -(list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin) +=item SEE ALSO -=item Precedence Traps +=item HISTORY -Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, -Precedence +=back -=item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc. +=head2 perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004 -Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular -Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, -Regular Expression +=over -=item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps +=item DESCRIPTION -(Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle +=item Supported Environments -=item OS Traps +=item Core Changes -(SysV), (SysV) +=over -=item Interpolation Traps +=item List assignment to %ENV works -Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, -Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation +=item "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error now lists @INC -=item DBM Traps +=item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003 -DBM, DBM +=item $PERL5OPT environment variable -=item Unclassified Traps +=item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options -C/C trap using returned value, C on empty string with -LIMIT specified +=item More precise warnings -=back +=item Deprecated: Inherited C for non-methods -=back +=item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable -=head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl +=item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified -=over +=item Group vector changeable with C<$)> -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Fixed parsing of $$, &$, etc. -Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I -portable +=item Fixed localization of $, $&, etc. -=item ISSUES +=item No resetting of $. on implicit close -=over +=item C may return undef -=item Newlines +=item C determines value of EXPR in scalar context -=item Numbers endianness and Width +=item Changes to tainting checks -=item Files and Filesystems +No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No +spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name -=item System Interaction +=item New Opcode module and revised Safe module -=item Interprocess Communication (IPC) +=item Embedding improvements -=item External Subroutines (XS) +=item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes -=item Standard Modules +=item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface -=item Time and Date +=item New and changed syntax -=item Character sets and character encoding +$coderef->(PARAMS) -=item Internationalisation +=item New and changed builtin constants -=item System Resources +__PACKAGE__ -=item Security +=item New and changed builtin variables -=item Style +$^E, $^H, $^M -=back +=item New and changed builtin functions -=item CPAN Testers +delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in +Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module +VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C does not +reset search position on failure, C ignores whitespace before ?*+{}, +nested C closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals -Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results: -http://testers.cpan.org/ +=item New builtin methods + +isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ) -=item PLATFORMS +=item TIEHANDLE now supported -=over +TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this +LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this -=item Unix +=item Malloc enhancements -=item DOS and Derivatives +-DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE -Build instructions for OS/2, L +=item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements -=item S +=back -=item VMS +=item Support for More Operating Systems -=item VOS +=over -=item EBCDIC Platforms +=item Win32 -=item Acorn RISC OS +=item Plan 9 -=item Other perls +=item QNX + +=item AmigaOS =back -=item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS +=item Pragmata + +use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use +constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish + +=item Modules =over -=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions +=item Required Updates --I FILEHANDLE, -I EXPR, -I, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode -FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt -PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec -LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, -getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, -getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr -ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, -getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, -setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, -setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, -endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, -ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, -lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, -msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, -open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, -select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget -KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP, -setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt -SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, -shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, socketpair -SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, -symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen -FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate -FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST, -wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS +=item Installation directories -=back +=item Module information summary -=item CHANGES +=item Fcntl -v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999, -v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May -1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December -1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August -1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, -v1.23, 10 July 1998 +=item IO -=item Supported Platforms +=item Math::Complex -=item SEE ALSO +=item Math::Trig -=item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS +=item DB_File -=item VERSION +=item Net::Ping + +=item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators =back -=head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide +=item Utility Changes =over -=item DESCRIPTION - -=back +=item pod2html -=head2 perlpod - plain old documentation +Sends converted HTML to standard output -=over +=item xsubpp -=item DESCRIPTION +C XSUBs now default to returning nothing -=over +=back -=item Verbatim Paragraph +=item C Language API Changes -=item Command Paragraph +C and C, C, Extended API for +manipulating hashes -=item Ordinary Block of Text +=item Documentation Changes -=item The Intent +L, L, L, L, L, +L, L, L -=item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules +=item New Diagnostics -=item Common Pod Pitfalls +"my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is +not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too +large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free +nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr, +Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort +subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in +use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant +subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did +not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too +long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: +%s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number, +internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type +in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once: +possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of +memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible +attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words +with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found +while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Too late for +"B<-T>" option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, +Unrecognized character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$" to +mean "${$}" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with +defined(), Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay +shared, Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in +prime_env_iter, Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, +PERL_SH_DIR too long, Process terminated by SIG%s -=back +=item BUGS =item SEE ALSO -=item AUTHOR +=item HISTORY =back -=head2 perlbook - Perl book information +=head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS (possibly very outdated information) =over -=item DESCRIPTION +=item SYNOPSIS =back -=head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program - =over =item DESCRIPTION =over -=item PREAMBLE +=item Prerequisites -B, B, B, B, B +B, B -=item ROADMAP +=item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS -=item Compiling your C program +=item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS -=item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program +fork(), some features of the UNIX filesystem regarding link count and file +dates, inplace operation (the -i switch) without backup file, umask() +works, but the correct permissions are only set when the file is +finally close()d -=item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program +=back -=item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program +=item INSTALLATION -=item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program +=item Accessing documentation -=item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program +=over -=item Maintaining a persistent interpreter +=item Manpages -=item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances +=item B -=item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C -program +=item B C files + +=item C docs =back -=item Embedding Perl under Windows +=item BUILD -=item MORAL +=over + +=item Prerequisites + +=item Getting the perl source + +=item Making + +=item Testing + +=item Installing the built perl + +=back =item AUTHOR -=item COPYRIGHT +=item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface. +=head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin =over =item SYNOPSIS -=item DESCRIPTION - -B, B, B, B, -B, B, -B, B, -B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B +=item PREREQUISITES =over -=item Co-existence with stdio +=item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it) -B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B +=item Cygwin Configuration -=back +C, I, Permissions =back -=head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual +=item CONFIGURE =over -=item DESCRIPTION - -=over +=item Strip Binaries -=item Introduction +=item Optional Libraries -=item On The Road +C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C), C<-ldb> (C), +C<-lcygipc> (C) -=item The Anatomy of an XSUB +=item Configure-time Options -=item The Argument Stack +C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>, C<-Duseperlio>, +C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles> -=item The RETVAL Variable +=item Suspicious Warnings -=item The MODULE Keyword +Whoa There, I, Win9x and C, Checking how std your stdio +is.., Compiler/Preprocessor defines -=item The PACKAGE Keyword +=back -=item The PREFIX Keyword +=item MAKE -=item The OUTPUT: Keyword +=over -=item The CODE: Keyword +=item Warnings -=item The INIT: Keyword +=item ld2 -=item The NO_INIT Keyword +=back -=item Initializing Function Parameters +=item TEST -=item Default Parameter Values +=over -=item The PREINIT: Keyword +=item File Permissions -=item The SCOPE: Keyword +=item Hard Links -=item The INPUT: Keyword +=item Filetime Granularity -=item Variable-length Parameter Lists +=item Tainting Checks -=item The C_ARGS: Keyword +=item /etc/group -=item The PPCODE: Keyword +=item Script Portability -=item Returning Undef And Empty Lists +Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous -=item The REQUIRE: Keyword +=back -=item The CLEANUP: Keyword +=item INSTALL -=item The BOOT: Keyword +=item MANIFEST -=item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword +Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl +Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts -=item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword +=item BUGS -=item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword +=item AUTHORS -=item The ALIAS: Keyword +=item HISTORY -=item The INTERFACE: Keyword +=back -=item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword +=head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95. -=item The INCLUDE: Keyword +=over -=item The CASE: Keyword +=item SYNOPSIS -=item The & Unary Operator +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives +=over -=item Using XS With C++ +=item Prerequisites -=item Interface Strategy +DJGPP, Pthreads -=item Perl Objects And C Structures +=item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS -=item The Typemap +=item Building -=back +=item Testing -=item EXAMPLES +=item Installation -=item XS VERSION +=back =item AUTHOR +=item SEE ALSO + =back -=head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs +=head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix +(HP-UX) systems =over =item DESCRIPTION -=item SPECIAL NOTES - =over -=item make - -=item Version caveat - -=item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading - -=back - -=item TUTORIAL - -=over +=item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX -=item EXAMPLE 1 +=item PA-RISC -=item EXAMPLE 2 +=item PA-RISC 1.0 -=item What has gone on? +=item PA-RISC 1.1 -=item Writing good test scripts +=item PA-RISC 2.0 -=item EXAMPLE 3 +=item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions -=item What's new here? +=item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX -=item Input and Output Parameters +=item The HP ANSI C Compiler -=item The XSUBPP Program +=item Using Large Files with Perl -=item The TYPEMAP file +=item Threaded Perl -=item Warning about Output Arguments +=item 64-bit Perl -=item EXAMPLE 4 +=item GDBM and Threads -=item What has happened here? +=item NFS filesystems and utime(2) -=item Anatomy of .xs file +=back -=item Getting the fat out of XSUBs +=item AUTHOR -=item More about XSUB arguments +=item DATE -=item The Argument Stack +=back -=item Extending your Extension +=head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen +systems -=item Documenting your Extension +=over -=item Installing your Extension +=item DESCRIPTION -=item EXAMPLE 5 +=over -=item New Things in this Example +=item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen -=item EXAMPLE 6 +=item Failures during C -=item New Things in this Example +op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t -=item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon) +=item Building external modules -=item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon) +=back -=item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon) +=item AUTHOR -=item Troubleshooting these Examples +=item DATE =back -=item See also - -=item Author +=head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT. =over -=item Last Changed - -=back +=item SYNOPSIS =back -=head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API - =over -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Target -=item Variables +=item Other OSes -=over +=item Prerequisites -=item Datatypes +EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh -=item What is an "IV"? +=item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...) -=item Working with SVs +=item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl -=item What's Really Stored in an SV? +=back -=item Working with AVs +=over -=item Working with HVs +=item Frequently asked questions -=item Hash API Extensions +=over -=item References +=item I cannot run external programs -=item Blessed References and Class Objects +=item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F from my +program. -=item Creating New Variables +Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use +L? -=item Reference Counts and Mortality +=item C<``> and pipe-C do not work under DOS. -=item Stashes and Globs +=item Cannot start C -=item Double-Typed SVs +=back -=item Magic Variables +=item INSTALLATION -=item Assigning Magic +=over -=item Magic Virtual Tables +=item Automatic binary installation -=item Finding Magic +C, C, F -=item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays +=item Manual binary installation -=item Localizing changes +Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable +(statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library, +Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl +and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation, +Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C +=item B =back -=item Subroutines +=item Accessing documentation =over -=item XSUBs and the Argument Stack +=item OS/2 F<.INF> file -=item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs +=item Plain text -=item Memory Allocation +=item Manpages -=item PerlIO +=item HTML -=item Putting a C value on Perl stack +=item GNU C files -=item Scratchpads +=item F<.PDF> files -=item Scratchpads and recursion +=item C docs =back -=item Compiled code +=item BUILD =over -=item Code tree +=item Prerequisites -=item Examining the tree +=item Getting perl source -=item Compile pass 1: check routines +=item Application of the patches -=item Compile pass 1a: constant folding +=item Hand-editing -=item Compile pass 2: context propagation +=item Making -=item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization +=item Testing + +A lot of C, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F, +F, F, F, F + +=item Installing the built perl + +=item C-style build =back -=item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported +=item Build FAQ =over -=item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT +=item Some C became C<\> in pdksh. -=item How do I use all this in extensions? +=item C<'errno'> - unresolved external -=item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS +=item Problems with tr or sed -=back +=item Some problem (forget which ;-) -=item AUTHORS +=item Library ... not found -=item SEE ALSO +=item Segfault in make =back -=head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C +=item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port =over -=item DESCRIPTION +=item C, C -An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program +=item C -=item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS +=item C on the first line -call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv +=item Additional modules: -=item FLAG VALUES +=item Prebuilt methods: + +C, C, C, + C, C, +C, C, +C, C, +C, C, +C + +=item Misfeatures + +=item Modifications + +C, C, C, C, C, C + +=back + +=item Perl flavors =over -=item G_VOID +=item F -=item G_SCALAR +=item F -=item G_ARRAY +=item F -=item G_DISCARD +=item F -=item G_NOARGS +=item Why strange names? -=item G_EVAL +=item Why dynamic linking? -=item G_KEEPERR +=item Why chimera build? -=item Determining the Context +explicit fork(), open FH, "|-", open FH, "-|" =back -=item KNOWN PROBLEMS - -=item EXAMPLES +=item ENVIRONMENT =over -=item No Parameters, Nothing returned +=item C -=item Passing Parameters +=item C -=item Returning a Scalar +=item C -=item Returning a list of values +=item C -=item Returning a list in a scalar context +=item C -=item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list +=item C or C -=item Using G_EVAL +=back -=item Using G_KEEPERR +=item Evolution -=item Using call_sv +=over -=item Using call_argv +=item Priorities -=item Using call_method +=item DLL name mangling -=item Using GIMME_V +=item Threading -=item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries +=item Calls to external programs -=item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information +=item Memory allocation -1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of -callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl -callback +=item Threads -=item Alternate Stack Manipulation +C, F -=item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C +=back =back -=item SEE ALSO +=over =item AUTHOR -=item DATE +=item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator +=head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390. =over +=item SYNOPSIS + =item DESCRIPTION =over -=item Layout +=item Unpacking -B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref +=item Setup and utilities -=back +=item Configure -=item Using The Back Ends +=item Build, test, install -=over +=item Usage Hints -=item The Cross Referencing Back End +=item Extensions -i, &, s, r +=back -=item The Decompiling Back End +=item AUTHORS -=item The Lint Back End +=item SEE ALSO -=item The Simple C Back End +=over -=item The Bytecode Back End +=item Mailing list -=item The Optimized C Back End +=back -B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, -B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, -B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref +=item HISTORY =back -=item KNOWN PROBLEMS +=head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl -=item AUTHOR +=over -=back +=item DESCRIPTION -=head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API +=item Installation + +=item Organization of Perl Images =over -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Core Images -AvFILL, av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, -av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, -call_method, call_pv, call_sv, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, dMARK, -dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND, -fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, get_av, get_cv, get_hv, get_sv, GIMME, -GIMME_V, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, -gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, -G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, -HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, -hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, -hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, -hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, -isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, -mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, New, newAV, -Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv, -newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv, newXS, newXSproto, -Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, -perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, -PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_modglobal, PL_na, -PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, POPs, PUSHi, -PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, require_pv, -RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, -strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, -SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, -SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvLOCK, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, -SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, -SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPV, SvPVX, SvPV_force, SvPV_nolen, -SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, -SvSETMAGIC, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, -SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, -SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUNLOCK, SvUPGRADE, SvUV, -SvUVX, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, -sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_cmp, sv_dec, -sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, -sv_len, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, -sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, -sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, -sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, -sv_setuv_mg, sv_unref, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_vcatpvfn, -sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, U8 *s, utf8_to_bytes, warn, XPUSHi, -XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, -XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, -XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, -XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero +=item Perl Extensions -=item AUTHORS +=item Installing static extensions -=item SEE ALSO +=item Installing dynamic extensions =back -=head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B - Perl functions +=item File specifications =over -=item DESCRIPTION - -is_gv_magical +=item Syntax -=item AUTHORS +=item Wildcard expansion -=item SEE ALSO +=item Pipes =back -=head2 perlhist - the Perl history records +=item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB + +=item Command line =over -=item DESCRIPTION +=item I/O redirection and backgrounding -=item INTRODUCTION +=item Command line switches -=item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN +-i, -S, -u + +=back + +=item Perl functions + +File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump, +exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select +(system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime +LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS + +=item Perl variables + +%ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $^S, $| + +=item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences =over -=item PUMPKIN? +=item SDBM_File =back -=item THE RECORDS +=item Revision date + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Win32 =over -=item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES +=item SYNOPSIS -=item SELECTED PATCH SIZES +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Setting Up + +Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Mingw32 with GCC + +=item Building + +=item Testing + +=item Installation + +=item Usage Hints + +Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line, +Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific +Extensions, Running Perl Scripts, Miscellaneous Things =back -=item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS +=item BUGS AND CAVEATS + +=item AUTHORS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item HISTORY =back @@ -10430,6 +12709,38 @@ March 18th, 2000 =back +=head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions + +Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(), +Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(), +Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE), +Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(), +Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME), +Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME), +Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(), +Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE, +PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown(MACHINE, +MESSAGE, TIMEOUT, FORCECLOSE, REBOOT), Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), +Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME), Win32::LoginName(), +Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID, SIDTYPE), +Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE), +Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(), +Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY), +Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS, +PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME) + +=back + +=back + =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code =over