From: Uri Guttman Date: Tue, 8 May 2012 05:22:00 +0000 (-0400) Subject: update X-Git-Url: http://git.shadowcat.co.uk/gitweb/gitweb.cgi?a=commitdiff_plain;h=HEAD;p=urisagit%2FPerl-Docs.git update --- diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore deleted file mode 100644 index 62a5757..0000000 --- a/.gitignore +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -.gitignore -old/ -scaf/ -experiment/ -slurp_talk/ -*~ -blib/ -*gz -*.tar -*.new -Makefile -*.old -File-Slurp.* diff --git a/Changes b/Changes deleted file mode 100644 index bf524a3..0000000 --- a/Changes +++ /dev/null @@ -1,144 +0,0 @@ -Revision history File::Slurp - -9999.16 Wed Apr 13 03:47:26 EDT 2011 - - Added support for read_file options to be a hash reference. - - Added support for read_dir options to be a hash reference. - - Added new feature prepend_file - - Fixed bug with array_ref in list context. was introduced by .15/.14 - Thanks to Norbert Gruener - - Cleaned up some pod - -9999.15 Thu Mar 24 16:40:19 EDT 2011 - - Fixed error.t test so it works when run as root - - Removed skip lines from error.t - - Fixed pod about binmode option to reflect changes in .14 - -9999.14 Sun Mar 20 16:26:47 EDT 2011 - - Added LICENCE (same as perl) to POD - - Added special faster code to slurp in small text files which - is a common case - - Rewrote the extras/slurp_bench.pl script. It has a full - legend, better CLI options, size is selectable, benchmark - entries have more consistant names and it compares the new - fast slurp for small files to the general slurp code. - Thanks to Mark Friendlich - - Cleaned up pod - - Added more Synopsis examples - - Added t/error.t to actually test error conditions. Previous - error.t was renamed to error_mode.t which better reflects its - tests. - - t/error.t uses a new test driver module. this may get used by - other tests in the future. - - Fixed check for SEEK_SET and other constant subs being defined - - Added support for binmode other than :raw and binmode.t test - Thanks to Martin J. Evans, Peter Edwards, Bryce Nesbitt - - Added support for perms option in write_file and perms.t test - Thanks to Peter Corlett and Paul Miller - - Added check to the rename call in atomic mode. Tested in error.t. - Thanks to Daniel Scott Sterling - - Added POD to state that using scalar_ref or buf_ref will be faster - and save memory due to not making a copy - Thanks to Peter Edwards - - read_file in list mode keeps data tainted - Thanks to Sébastien Aperghis-Tramoni - - read_file checks for an overloaded object to get the file - name. - Thanks to Sébastien Aperghis-Tramoni - -9999.13 Tue Oct 10 02:04:51 EDT 2006 - - Refactored the extras/slurp_bench.pl script. It has options, - a key the benchmarks, help and more benchmarks. - - Reordered changes so recent entries are first - - Added error check on atomic rename and test for it - Thanks to Daniel Scott Sterling - -9999.12 Thu Feb 2 02:26:31 EST 2006 - - Fixed bug on windows with classic slurping and File::Slurp not - agreeing on newline conversion. - - Added t/newline.t test to check for that fix. - - When passing text data by scalar reference to write_file under - windows, the buffer is copied so the newline conversion won't - modify the caller's data. - - Thanks to Johan Lodin for a test script which - I modified into t/newline.t - -9999.11 Fri Jan 20 01:24:00 EDT 2005 - - Quick release to remove code that forced the faked SEEK_* - values to be used. Showed up when tested on OSX which doesn't - need that backport. - -9999.10 Thu Jan 19 11:38:00 EDT 2005 - - t/*.t modules don't use Fcntl.pm - - using POSIX qw( :fcntl_h ) instead of Fcntl qw( :seek ) for - backwards compatiblity to 5.00503 - - added conditional definitions of SEEK_* and O_* subs as they are not - defined in perl 5.004 - - File::Slurp now runs on perl 5.004 and newer (see BUGS section) - All of the above thanks to Smylers , - Piers Kent and - John Alden - - Added pod.t and pod_coverage.t tests. This is to pass all - the CPANTS tests. - -9999.09 Tue Apr 19 01:21:55 EDT 2005 - - t/original.t and read_dir.t no longer search for tempdirs. they just - use the current dir which should be in the build directory - - t/readdir.t renamed to read_dir.t for consistancy - - write_file return values are docuemented - Thanks to Adam Kennedy - - added no_clobber option to write_file and t/no_clobber.t test for it - Thanks to - - fixed bug when appending a null string to a file which then - truncates it. seems to be an odd way for linux and OS X to - handle O_APPEND mode on sysopen. they don't seek to the end of - the file so it gets truncated. fixed by adding a seek to the - end if in append mode.n - Thanks to Chris Dolan - -9999.08 Sat Apr 16 01:01:27 EDT 2005 - - read_dir returns an array ref in scalar context - - read_dir keeps . and .. if keep_dot_dot option is set. - Thanks to John Alden - - slurp() is an optional exported alias to read_file - Thanks to Damian Conway - -9999.07 Tue Jan 25 01:33:11 EST 2005 - - Slurping in pseudo files (as in /proc) which show a size of 0 - but actually have data works. This seems to be the case on - linux but on Solaris those files show their proper size. - Thanks to Juerd Waalboer - -9999.06 Mon Sep 20 01:57:00 EDT 2004 - - Slurping the DATA handle now works without the workaround. - tests are in t/data_scalar.t and t/data_list.t - - Paragraph mode in read_file is supported. As with <> when $/ - (input record separator) is set to '', then the input file is - split on multiple newlines (/\n\n+/). - Thanks to Geoffrey Leach - -9999.05 Tue Feb 24 21:14:55 EST 2004 - - skip handle tests where socketpair is not supported (pre 5.8 - on windows) - Thanks to Mike Arms - -9999.04 Mon Feb 23 14:20:52 EST 2004 - - fixed DATA handle bug in t/handle.t (not seen on most OS's) - Thanks to James Willmore - -9999.03 Mon Dec 22 01:44:43 EST 2003 - - fixed DATA handle bugs in t/handle.t on osx (should be fixed - on BSD as well) - - added more comments to code - -9999.02 Wed Dec 17 03:40:49 EST 2003 - - skip DATA test in handle.t on OSX (bug in perl with sysread on DATA) - - changed checking if file handle from fileno to ref - from Randal Schwartz - - added support for atomic spewing - - added new test stdin.t for the fileno/ref change - - added new test inode.t to test atomic spewing - -9999.01 Mon Sep 1 00:20:56 2003 - - original version; created by h2xs 1.21 with options - -AX -n File::FastSlurp - diff --git a/MANIFEST b/MANIFEST deleted file mode 100644 index e5d4e98..0000000 --- a/MANIFEST +++ /dev/null @@ -1,37 +0,0 @@ -Changes -lib/File/Slurp.pm -Makefile.PL -MANIFEST -README -TODO -t/TestDriver.pm -t/append_null.t -t/binmode.t -t/data_list.t -t/data_scalar.t -t/error.t -t/error_mode.t -t/file_object.t -t/handle.t -t/inode.t -t/large.t -t/newline.t -t/no_clobber.t -t/original.t -t/paragraph.t -t/perms.t -t/pod.t -t/pod_coverage.t -t/pseudo.t -t/read_dir.t -t/slurp.t -t/stdin.t -t/stringify.t -t/tainted.t -t/write_file_win32.t -experiment/prepend.pl -experiment/edit_file.pl -extras/slurp_bench.pl -extras/FileSlurp_12.pm -extras/slurp_article.pod -META.yml Module meta-data (added by MakeMaker) diff --git a/META.yml b/META.yml deleted file mode 100644 index 69b59e3..0000000 --- a/META.yml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,10 +0,0 @@ -# http://module-build.sourceforge.net/META-spec.html -#XXXXXXX This is a prototype!!! It will change in the future!!! XXXXX# -name: File-Slurp -version: 9999.12 -version_from: lib/File/Slurp.pm -installdirs: site -requires: - -distribution_type: module -generated_by: ExtUtils::MakeMaker version 6.17 diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile deleted file mode 100644 index d6ab385..0000000 --- a/Makefile +++ /dev/null @@ -1,801 +0,0 @@ -# This Makefile is for the File::Slurp extension to perl. -# -# It was generated automatically by MakeMaker version -# 6.42 (Revision: 41145) from the contents of -# Makefile.PL. Don't edit this file, edit Makefile.PL instead. -# -# ANY CHANGES MADE HERE WILL BE LOST! -# -# MakeMaker ARGV: () -# -# MakeMaker Parameters: - -# ABSTRACT_FROM => q[lib/File/Slurp.pm] -# AUTHOR => q[Uri Guttman ] -# LICENSE => q[perl] -# META_MERGE => { requires=>{ perl=>q[5.004] } } -# NAME => q[File::Slurp] -# PREREQ_PM => { POSIX=>q[0], Fcntl=>q[0], Exporter=>q[0], Carp=>q[0] } -# VERSION_FROM => q[lib/File/Slurp.pm] - -# --- MakeMaker post_initialize section: - - -# --- MakeMaker const_config section: - -# These definitions are from config.sh (via /usr/lib/perl/5.10/Config.pm) - -# They may have been overridden via Makefile.PL or on the command line -AR = ar -CC = cc -CCCDLFLAGS = -fPIC -CCDLFLAGS = -Wl,-E -DLEXT = so -DLSRC = dl_dlopen.xs -EXE_EXT = -FULL_AR = /usr/bin/ar -LD = cc -LDDLFLAGS = -shared -O2 -g -L/usr/local/lib -LDFLAGS = -L/usr/local/lib -LIBC = /lib/libc-2.10.1.so -LIB_EXT = .a -OBJ_EXT = .o -OSNAME = linux -OSVERS = 2.6.24-23-server -RANLIB = : -SITELIBEXP = /usr/local/share/perl/5.10.0 -SITEARCHEXP = /usr/local/lib/perl/5.10.0 -SO = so -VENDORARCHEXP = /usr/lib/perl5 -VENDORLIBEXP = /usr/share/perl5 - - -# --- MakeMaker constants section: -AR_STATIC_ARGS = cr -DIRFILESEP = / -DFSEP = $(DIRFILESEP) -NAME = File::Slurp -NAME_SYM = File_Slurp -VERSION = 9999.16 -VERSION_MACRO = VERSION -VERSION_SYM = 9999_16 -DEFINE_VERSION = -D$(VERSION_MACRO)=\"$(VERSION)\" -XS_VERSION = 9999.16 -XS_VERSION_MACRO = XS_VERSION -XS_DEFINE_VERSION = -D$(XS_VERSION_MACRO)=\"$(XS_VERSION)\" -INST_ARCHLIB = blib/arch -INST_SCRIPT = blib/script -INST_BIN = blib/bin -INST_LIB = blib/lib -INST_MAN1DIR = blib/man1 -INST_MAN3DIR = blib/man3 -MAN1EXT = 1p -MAN3EXT = 3pm -INSTALLDIRS = site -DESTDIR = -PREFIX = /usr -PERLPREFIX = $(PREFIX) -SITEPREFIX = $(PREFIX)/local -VENDORPREFIX = $(PREFIX) -INSTALLPRIVLIB = $(PERLPREFIX)/share/perl/5.10 -DESTINSTALLPRIVLIB = $(DESTDIR)$(INSTALLPRIVLIB) -INSTALLSITELIB = $(SITEPREFIX)/share/perl/5.10.0 -DESTINSTALLSITELIB = $(DESTDIR)$(INSTALLSITELIB) -INSTALLVENDORLIB = $(VENDORPREFIX)/share/perl5 -DESTINSTALLVENDORLIB = $(DESTDIR)$(INSTALLVENDORLIB) -INSTALLARCHLIB = $(PERLPREFIX)/lib/perl/5.10 -DESTINSTALLARCHLIB = $(DESTDIR)$(INSTALLARCHLIB) -INSTALLSITEARCH = $(SITEPREFIX)/lib/perl/5.10.0 -DESTINSTALLSITEARCH = $(DESTDIR)$(INSTALLSITEARCH) -INSTALLVENDORARCH = $(VENDORPREFIX)/lib/perl5 -DESTINSTALLVENDORARCH = $(DESTDIR)$(INSTALLVENDORARCH) -INSTALLBIN = $(PERLPREFIX)/bin -DESTINSTALLBIN = $(DESTDIR)$(INSTALLBIN) -INSTALLSITEBIN = $(SITEPREFIX)/bin -DESTINSTALLSITEBIN = $(DESTDIR)$(INSTALLSITEBIN) -INSTALLVENDORBIN = $(VENDORPREFIX)/bin -DESTINSTALLVENDORBIN = $(DESTDIR)$(INSTALLVENDORBIN) -INSTALLSCRIPT = $(PERLPREFIX)/bin -DESTINSTALLSCRIPT = $(DESTDIR)$(INSTALLSCRIPT) -INSTALLSITESCRIPT = $(SITEPREFIX)/bin -DESTINSTALLSITESCRIPT = $(DESTDIR)$(INSTALLSITESCRIPT) -INSTALLVENDORSCRIPT = $(VENDORPREFIX)/bin -DESTINSTALLVENDORSCRIPT = $(DESTDIR)$(INSTALLVENDORSCRIPT) -INSTALLMAN1DIR = $(PERLPREFIX)/share/man/man1 -DESTINSTALLMAN1DIR = $(DESTDIR)$(INSTALLMAN1DIR) -INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR = $(SITEPREFIX)/man/man1 -DESTINSTALLSITEMAN1DIR = $(DESTDIR)$(INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR) -INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR = $(VENDORPREFIX)/share/man/man1 -DESTINSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR = $(DESTDIR)$(INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR) -INSTALLMAN3DIR = $(PERLPREFIX)/share/man/man3 -DESTINSTALLMAN3DIR = $(DESTDIR)$(INSTALLMAN3DIR) -INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR = $(SITEPREFIX)/man/man3 -DESTINSTALLSITEMAN3DIR = $(DESTDIR)$(INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR) -INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR = $(VENDORPREFIX)/share/man/man3 -DESTINSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR = $(DESTDIR)$(INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR) -PERL_LIB = /usr/share/perl/5.10 -PERL_ARCHLIB = /usr/lib/perl/5.10 -LIBPERL_A = libperl.a -FIRST_MAKEFILE = Makefile -MAKEFILE_OLD = Makefile.old -MAKE_APERL_FILE = Makefile.aperl -PERLMAINCC = $(CC) -PERL_INC = /usr/lib/perl/5.10/CORE -PERL = /usr/bin/perl -FULLPERL = /usr/bin/perl -ABSPERL = $(PERL) -PERLRUN = $(PERL) -FULLPERLRUN = $(FULLPERL) -ABSPERLRUN = $(ABSPERL) -PERLRUNINST = $(PERLRUN) "-I$(INST_ARCHLIB)" "-I$(INST_LIB)" -FULLPERLRUNINST = $(FULLPERLRUN) "-I$(INST_ARCHLIB)" "-I$(INST_LIB)" -ABSPERLRUNINST = $(ABSPERLRUN) "-I$(INST_ARCHLIB)" "-I$(INST_LIB)" -PERL_CORE = 0 -PERM_RW = 644 -PERM_RWX = 755 - -MAKEMAKER = /usr/share/perl/5.10/ExtUtils/MakeMaker.pm -MM_VERSION = 6.42 -MM_REVISION = 41145 - -# FULLEXT = Pathname for extension directory (eg Foo/Bar/Oracle). -# BASEEXT = Basename part of FULLEXT. 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-use ExtUtils::MakeMaker; -# See lib/ExtUtils/MakeMaker.pm for details of how to influence -# the contents of the Makefile that is written. -WriteMakefile( - 'NAME' => 'File::Slurp', - 'LICENSE' => 'perl', - 'AUTHOR' => 'Uri Guttman ', - 'VERSION_FROM' => 'lib/File/Slurp.pm', - 'ABSTRACT_FROM' => 'lib/File/Slurp.pm', - 'META_MERGE' => { - requires => { - perl => 5.004, - }, - }, - 'PREREQ_PM' => { - 'Carp' => 0, - 'Exporter' => 0, - 'Fcntl' => 0, - 'POSIX' => 0, - }, -); diff --git a/README b/README deleted file mode 100644 index c499b17..0000000 --- a/README +++ /dev/null @@ -1,37 +0,0 @@ -File::Slurp.pm -=========================== - -This module provides subroutines to read or write entire files with a -simple call. It also has a subroutine for reading the list of filenames -in a directory. - -In the extras/ directory you can read an article (slurp_article.pod) -about file slurping and also run a benchmark (slurp_bench.pl) that -compares many ways of slurping/spewing files. This benchmark was -rewritten for .14 and is much better. - -This module was first written and owned by David Muir Sharnoff (MUIR on -CPAN). I checked out his module and decided to write a new version -which would be faster and with many more features. To that end, David -graciously transfered the namespace to me. - -There have been some comments about the somewhat unusual version number. -The problem was that David used a future date (2004.0904) in his version -number, and the only way I could get CPAN to index my new module was to -make it have a version number higher than the old one, so I chose the -9999 prefix and appended the real revision number to it. - -INSTALLATION - -To install this module type the following: - - perl Makefile.PL - make - make test - make install - -COPYRIGHT AND LICENCE - -Copyright (C) 2010 Uri Guttman - -Licensed the same as Perl. diff --git a/TODO b/TODO deleted file mode 100644 index 9af7980..0000000 --- a/TODO +++ /dev/null @@ -1,33 +0,0 @@ - -File::Slurp TODO - -NEW FEATURES - -prepend_file() -- prepend text to the front of a file - - options: lock file? enable atomic - -edit_file() -- slurp into $_, call edit code block, write out $_ - - options: lock file? - -edit_file_lines() -- slurp each line into $_, call edit code block, - write out $_ - - options: lock file? - -read_file_lines() - reads lines to array ref or list - same as $list = read_file( $file, { array_ref => 1 } - or @lines = read_file() - -new options for read_dir - prepend -- prepend the dir name to each dir entry. - filter -- grep dir entries with qr// or code ref. - -BUGS: - -restart sysread/write after a signal (or check i/o count) - -FEATURE REQUESTS - diff --git a/experiment/DATA_taint_check b/experiment/DATA_taint_check deleted file mode 100644 index f7b933a..0000000 --- a/experiment/DATA_taint_check +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5 +0,0 @@ - -# DATA handle is always untainted but all other handles are tainted - -use B -svref_2object($foo)->IoFLAGS & 16 diff --git a/experiment/carp.pl b/experiment/carp.pl deleted file mode 100644 index 3e2dce5..0000000 --- a/experiment/carp.pl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,10 +0,0 @@ -#!/usr/local/bin/perl - - -use Carp ; - -$carp = shift ; - -( ( $carp eq 'carp' ) ? \&carp : \&croak )->( "can't open file\n ) ; - -print "ok\n" ; diff --git a/experiment/seek.pl b/experiment/seek.pl deleted file mode 100644 index 159d269..0000000 --- a/experiment/seek.pl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -#!/usr/local/bin/perl - -use Fcntl qw( :seek ) ; -my $tell = tell( \*DATA ); -my $sysseek = sysseek( \*DATA, 0, SEEK_CUR ) ; - -print "TELL $tell SYSSEEK $sysseek\n" ; - -__DATA__ -foo -bar - diff --git a/experiment/split.pl b/experiment/split.pl deleted file mode 100644 index 3c4db00..0000000 --- a/experiment/split.pl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -#!/usr/local/bin/perl - -use strict ; - -use Benchmark qw( timethese cmpthese ) ; - -my $dur = shift || -2 ; - -my $data = 'abc' x 30 . "\n" x 1000 ; - -my $sep = $/ ; - -# my $result = timethese( $dur, { -# split => 'my @lines = splitter()', -# regex => 'my @lines = regex()', -# damian => 'my @lines = damian()', -# } ) ; - -# cmpthese( $result ) ; - -$data = "abcdefgh\n\n\n" x 5 ; -$data = "abcdefgh\n" x 2 . 'z' ; - -$data = '' ; - -#$sep = '\n\n+' ; -$sep = '\n' ; - -my @paras ; - -@paras = regex() ; -print "REG\n", map "[$_]\n", @paras ; - -#@paras = damian() ; -#print "DAM\n", map "[$_]\n", @paras ; - -sub splitter { split( m|(?<=$sep)|, $data ) } -sub regex { $data =~ /(.*?$sep|.*)/sg } -sub damian { $data =~ /.*?(?:$sep|\Z)/gs } - - -exit ; diff --git a/experiment/sysread.pl b/experiment/sysread.pl deleted file mode 100644 index dc40a49..0000000 --- a/experiment/sysread.pl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,28 +0,0 @@ -#!/usr/local/bin/perl - -print tell(\*DATA), "\n" ; -print sysseek(\*DATA, 0, 1), "\n" ; - -my $read_cnt = sysread( \*DATA, $buf, 1000 ) ; -print "CNT $read_cnt\n[$buf]\n" ; - -my $read_cnt = sysread( *DATA, $buf, 1000 ) ; -print "CNT $read_cnt\n[$buf]\n" ; - -open( FOO, "<&DATA" ) || die "reopen $!" ; - - -my $read_cnt = sysread( \*FOO, $buf, 1000 ) ; -print "CNT $read_cnt\n[$buf]\n" ; - -my $read_cnt = read( \*FOO, $buf, 1000 ) ; -print "CNT $read_cnt\n[$buf]\n" ; - -@lines = ; -print "lines [@lines]\n" ; - - -__END__ -line 1 -foo bar - diff --git a/extras/FileSlurp_12.pm b/extras/FileSlurp_12.pm deleted file mode 100644 index 5f24792..0000000 --- a/extras/FileSlurp_12.pm +++ /dev/null @@ -1,260 +0,0 @@ -package FileSlurp_12; - -use strict; - -use Carp ; -use Fcntl qw( :DEFAULT ) ; -use POSIX qw( :fcntl_h ) ; -use Symbol ; - -use base 'Exporter' ; -use vars qw( %EXPORT_TAGS @EXPORT_OK $VERSION @EXPORT ) ; - -%EXPORT_TAGS = ( 'all' => [ - qw( read_file write_file overwrite_file append_file read_dir ) ] ) ; - -@EXPORT = ( @{ $EXPORT_TAGS{'all'} } ); -@EXPORT_OK = qw( slurp ) ; - -$VERSION = '9999.13'; - -my $is_win32 = $^O =~ /win32/i ; - -# Install subs for various constants that aren't set in older perls -# (< 5.005). Fcntl on old perls uses Exporter to define subs without a -# () prototype These can't be overridden with the constant pragma or -# we get a prototype mismatch. Hence this less than aesthetically -# appealing BEGIN block: - -BEGIN { - unless( eval { defined SEEK_SET() } ) { - *SEEK_SET = sub { 0 }; - *SEEK_CUR = sub { 1 }; - *SEEK_END = sub { 2 }; - } - - unless( eval { defined O_BINARY() } ) { - *O_BINARY = sub { 0 }; - *O_RDONLY = sub { 0 }; - *O_WRONLY = sub { 1 }; - } - - unless ( eval { defined O_APPEND() } ) { - - if ( $^O =~ /olaris/ ) { - *O_APPEND = sub { 8 }; - *O_CREAT = sub { 256 }; - *O_EXCL = sub { 1024 }; - } - elsif ( $^O =~ /inux/ ) { - *O_APPEND = sub { 1024 }; - *O_CREAT = sub { 64 }; - *O_EXCL = sub { 128 }; - } - elsif ( $^O =~ /BSD/i ) { - *O_APPEND = sub { 8 }; - *O_CREAT = sub { 512 }; - *O_EXCL = sub { 2048 }; - } - } -} - -# print "OS [$^O]\n" ; - -# print "O_BINARY = ", O_BINARY(), "\n" ; -# print "O_RDONLY = ", O_RDONLY(), "\n" ; -# print "O_WRONLY = ", O_WRONLY(), "\n" ; -# print "O_APPEND = ", O_APPEND(), "\n" ; -# print "O_CREAT ", O_CREAT(), "\n" ; -# print "O_EXCL ", O_EXCL(), "\n" ; - - -*slurp = \&read_file ; - -sub read_file { - - my( $file_name, %args ) = @_ ; - -# set the buffer to either the passed in one or ours and init it to the null -# string - - my $buf ; - my $buf_ref = $args{'buf_ref'} || \$buf ; - ${$buf_ref} = '' ; - - my( $read_fh, $size_left, $blk_size ) ; - -# check if we are reading from a handle (glob ref or IO:: object) - - if ( ref $file_name ) { - -# slurping a handle so use it and don't open anything. -# set the block size so we know it is a handle and read that amount - - $read_fh = $file_name ; - $blk_size = $args{'blk_size'} || 1024 * 1024 ; - $size_left = $blk_size ; - -# DEEP DARK MAGIC. this checks the UNTAINT IO flag of a -# glob/handle. only the DATA handle is untainted (since it is from -# trusted data in the source file). this allows us to test if this is -# the DATA handle and then to do a sysseek to make sure it gets -# slurped correctly. on some systems, the buffered i/o pointer is not -# left at the same place as the fd pointer. this sysseek makes them -# the same so slurping with sysread will work. - - eval{ require B } ; - - if ( $@ ) { - - @_ = ( \%args, <IO->IoFLAGS & 16 ) { - -# set the seek position to the current tell. - - sysseek( $read_fh, tell( $read_fh ), SEEK_SET ) || - croak "sysseek $!" ; - } - } - else { - -# a regular file. set the sysopen mode - - my $mode = O_RDONLY ; - $mode |= O_BINARY if $args{'binmode'} ; - -#printf "RD: BINARY %x MODE %x\n", O_BINARY, $mode ; - -# open the file and handle any error - - $read_fh = gensym ; - unless ( sysopen( $read_fh, $file_name, $mode ) ) { - @_ = ( \%args, "read_file '$file_name' - sysopen: $!"); - goto &_error ; - } - -# get the size of the file for use in the read loop - - $size_left = -s $read_fh ; - - unless( $size_left ) { - - $blk_size = $args{'blk_size'} || 1024 * 1024 ; - $size_left = $blk_size ; - } - } - -# infinite read loop. we exit when we are done slurping - - while( 1 ) { - -# do the read and see how much we got - - my $read_cnt = sysread( $read_fh, ${$buf_ref}, - $size_left, length ${$buf_ref} ) ; - - if ( defined $read_cnt ) { - -# good read. see if we hit EOF (nothing left to read) - - last if $read_cnt == 0 ; - -# loop if we are slurping a handle. we don't track $size_left then. - - next if $blk_size ; - -# count down how much we read and loop if we have more to read. - $size_left -= $read_cnt ; - last if $size_left <= 0 ; - next ; - } - -# handle the read error - - @_ = ( \%args, "read_file '$file_name' - sysread: $!"); - goto &_error ; - } - -# fix up cr/lf to be a newline if this is a windows text file - - ${$buf_ref} =~ s/\015\012/\n/g if $is_win32 && !$args{'binmode'} ; - -# this is the 5 returns in a row. each handles one possible -# combination of caller context and requested return type - - my $sep = $/ ; - $sep = '\n\n+' if defined $sep && $sep eq '' ; - -# caller wants to get an array ref of lines - -# this split doesn't work since it tries to use variable length lookbehind -# the m// line works. -# return [ split( m|(?<=$sep)|, ${$buf_ref} ) ] if $args{'array_ref'} ; - return [ length(${$buf_ref}) ? ${$buf_ref} =~ /(.*?$sep|.+)/sg : () ] - if $args{'array_ref'} ; - -# caller wants a list of lines (normal list context) - -# same problem with this split as before. -# return split( m|(?<=$sep)|, ${$buf_ref} ) if wantarray ; - return length(${$buf_ref}) ? ${$buf_ref} =~ /(.*?$sep|.+)/sg : () - if wantarray ; - -# caller wants a scalar ref to the slurped text - - return $buf_ref if $args{'scalar_ref'} ; - -# caller wants a scalar with the slurped text (normal scalar context) - - return ${$buf_ref} if defined wantarray ; - -# caller passed in an i/o buffer by reference (normal void context) - - return ; -} - - -# error handling section -# -# all the error handling uses magic goto so the caller will get the -# error message as if from their code and not this module. if we just -# did a call on the error code, the carp/croak would report it from -# this module since the error sub is one level down on the call stack -# from read_file/write_file/read_dir. - - -my %err_func = ( - 'carp' => \&carp, - 'croak' => \&croak, -) ; - -sub _error { - - my( $args, $err_msg ) = @_ ; - -# get the error function to use - - my $func = $err_func{ $args->{'err_mode'} || 'croak' } ; - -# if we didn't find it in our error function hash, they must have set -# it to quiet and we don't do anything. - - return unless $func ; - -# call the carp/croak function - - $func->($err_msg) ; - -# return a hard undef (in list context this will be a single value of -# undef which is not a legal in-band value) - - return undef ; -} - -1; diff --git a/extras/new_text b/extras/new_text deleted file mode 100644 index 169e9b4..0000000 --- a/extras/new_text +++ /dev/null @@ -1,148 +0,0 @@ -Somewhere along the line, I learned about a way to slurp files faster -than by setting $/ to undef. The method is very simple, you do a single -read call with the size of the file (which the -s operator provides). -This bypasses the I/O loop inside perl that checks for EOF and does all -sorts of processing. I then decided to experiment and found that -sysread is even faster as you would expect. sysread bypasses all of -Perl's stdio and reads the file from the kernel buffers directly into a -Perl scalar. This is why the slurp code in File::Slurp uses -sysopen/sysread/syswrite. All the rest of the code is just to support -the various options and data passing techniques. - - -Benchmarks can be enlightening, informative, frustrating and -deceiving. It would make no sense to create a new and more complex slurp -module unless it also gained signifigantly in speed. So I created a -benchmark script which compares various slurp methods with differing -file sizes and calling contexts. This script can be run from the main -directory of the tarball like this: - - perl -Ilib extras/slurp_bench.pl - -If you pass in an argument on the command line, it will be passed to -timethese() and it will control the duration. It defaults to -2 which -makes each benchmark run to at least 2 seconds of cpu time. - -The following numbers are from a run I did on my 300Mhz sparc. You will -most likely get much faster counts on your boxes but the relative speeds -shouldn't change by much. If you see major differences on your -benchmarks, please send me the results and your Perl and OS -versions. Also you can play with the benchmark script and add more slurp -variations or data files. - -The rest of this section will be discussing the results of the -benchmarks. You can refer to extras/slurp_bench.pl to see the code for -the individual benchmarks. If the benchmark name starts with cpan_, it -is either from Slurp.pm or File::Slurp.pm. Those starting with new_ are -from the new File::Slurp.pm. Those that start with file_contents_ are -from a client's code base. The rest are variations I created to -highlight certain aspects of the benchmarks. - -The short and long file data is made like this: - - my @lines = ( 'abc' x 30 . "\n") x 100 ; - my $text = join( '', @lines ) ; - - @lines = ( 'abc' x 40 . "\n") x 1000 ; - $text = join( '', @lines ) ; - -So the short file is 9,100 bytes and the long file is 121,000 -bytes. - -=head3 Scalar Slurp of Short File - - file_contents 651/s - file_contents_no_OO 828/s - cpan_read_file 1866/s - cpan_slurp 1934/s - read_file 2079/s - new 2270/s - new_buf_ref 2403/s - new_scalar_ref 2415/s - sysread_file 2572/s - -=head3 Scalar Slurp of Long File - - file_contents_no_OO 82.9/s - file_contents 85.4/s - cpan_read_file 250/s - cpan_slurp 257/s - read_file 323/s - new 468/s - sysread_file 489/s - new_scalar_ref 766/s - new_buf_ref 767/s - -The primary inference you get from looking at the mumbers above is that -when slurping a file into a scalar, the longer the file, the more time -you save by returning the result via a scalar reference. The time for -the extra buffer copy can add up. The new module came out on top overall -except for the very simple sysread_file entry which was added to -highlight the overhead of the more flexible new module which isn't that -much. The file_contents entries are always the worst since they do a -list slurp and then a join, which is a classic newbie and cargo culted -style which is extremely slow. Also the OO code in file_contents slows -it down even more (I added the file_contents_no_OO entry to show this). -The two CPAN modules are decent with small files but they are laggards -compared to the new module when the file gets much larger. - -=head3 List Slurp of Short File - - cpan_read_file 589/s - cpan_slurp_to_array 620/s - read_file 824/s - new_array_ref 824/s - sysread_file 828/s - new 829/s - new_in_anon_array 833/s - cpan_slurp_to_array_ref 836/s - -=head3 List Slurp of Long File - - cpan_read_file 62.4/s - cpan_slurp_to_array 62.7/s - read_file 92.9/s - sysread_file 94.8/s - new_array_ref 95.5/s - new 96.2/s - cpan_slurp_to_array_ref 96.3/s - new_in_anon_array 97.2/s - - -=head3 Scalar Spew of Short File - - cpan_write_file 1035/s - print_file 1055/s - syswrite_file 1135/s - new 1519/s - print_join_file 1766/s - new_ref 1900/s - syswrite_file2 2138/s - -=head3 Scalar Spew of Long File - - cpan_write_file 164/s 20 - print_file 211/s 26 - syswrite_file 236/s 25 - print_join_file 277/s 2 - new 295/s 2 - syswrite_file2 428/s 25 - new_ref 608/s 2 - - -=head3 List Spew of Short File - - cpan_write_file 794/s - syswrite_file 1000/s - print_file 1013/s - new 1399/s - print_join_file 1557/s - -=head3 List Spew of Long File - - cpan_write_file 112/s 12 - print_file 179/s 21 - syswrite_file 181/s 19 - print_join_file 205/s 2 - new 228/s 2 - diff --git a/extras/slurp2.pod b/extras/slurp2.pod deleted file mode 100644 index 264c174..0000000 --- a/extras/slurp2.pod +++ /dev/null @@ -1,516 +0,0 @@ -=head1 Perl Slurp Ease - -=head2 Introduction - - -One of the common Perl idioms is processing text files line by line - - while( ) { - do something with $_ - } - -This idiom has several variants but the key point is that it reads in -only one line from the file in each loop iteration. This has several -advantages including limiting memory use to one line, the ability to -handle any size file (including data piped in via STDIN), and it is -easily taught and understood to Perl newbies. In fact newbies are the -ones who do silly things like this: - - while( ) { - push @lines, $_ ; - } - - foreach ( @lines ) { - do something with $_ - } - -Line by line processing is fine but it isn't the only way to deal with -reading files. The other common style is reading the entire file into a -scalar or array and that is commonly known as slurping. Now slurping has -somewhat of a poor reputation and this article is an attempt at -rehabilitating it. Slurping files has advantages and limitations and is -not something you should just do when line by line processing is fine. -It is best when you need the entire file in memory for processing all at -once. Slurping with in memory processing can be faster and lead to -simpler code than line by line if done properly. - -The biggest issue to watch for with slurping is file size. Slurping very -large files or unknown amounts of data from STDIN can be disastrous to -your memory usage and cause swap disk thrashing. I advocate slurping -only disk files and only when you know their size is reasonable and you -have a real reason to process the file as a whole. Note that reasonable -size these days is larger than the bad old days of limited RAM. Slurping -in a megabyte size file is not an issue on most systems. But most of the -files I tend to slurp in are much smaller than that. Typical files that -work well with slurping are configuration files, (mini)language scripts, -some data (especially binary) files, and other files of known sizes -which need fast processing. - -Another major win for slurping over line by line is speed. Perl's IO -system (like many others) is slow. Calling <> for each line requires a -check for the end of line, checks for EOF, copying a line, munging the -internal handle structure, etc. Plenty of work for each line read -in. Whereas slurping, if done correctly, will usually involve only one -IO call and no extra data copying. The same is true for writing files to -disk and we will cover that as well (even though the term slurping is -traditionally a read operation, I use the term slurp for the concept of -doing IO with an entire file in one operation). - -Finally, when you have slurped the entire file into memory, you can do -operations on the data that are not possible or easily done with line by -line processing. These include global search/replace (without regard for -newlines), grabbing all matches with one call of m//g, complex parsing -(which in many cases must ignore newlines), processing *ML (where line -endings are just white space) and performing complex transformations -such as template expansion. - -=head2 Global Operations - -Here are some simple global operations that can be done quickly and -easily on an entire file that has been slurped in. They could also be -done with line by line processing but that would be slower and require -more code. - -A common problem is reading in a file with key/value pairs. There are -modules which do this but who needs them for simple formats? Just slurp -in the file and do a single parse to grab all the key/value pairs. - - my $text = read_file( $file ) ; - my %config = $test =~ /^(\w+)=(.+)$/mg ; - -That matches a key which starts a line (anywhere inside the string -because of the /m modifier), the '=' char and the text to the end of the -line (again /m makes that work). In fact the ending $ is not even needed -since . will not normally match a newline. Since the key and value are -grabbed and the m// is in list context with the /g modifier, it will -grab all key/value pairs and return them. The %config hash will be -assigned this list and now you have the file fully parsed into a hash. - -Various projects I have worked on needed some simple templating and I -wasn't in the mood to use a full module (please,no flames about your -favorite template module :-). So I rolled my own by slurping in the -template file, setting up a template hash and doing this one line: - - $text =~ s/<%(.+?)%>/$template{$1}/g ; - -That only works if the entire file was slurped in. With a little -extra work it can handle chunks of text to be expanded: - - $text =~ s/<%(\w+)_START%>(.+)<%\1_END%>/ template($1, $2)/sge ; - -Just supply a template sub to expand the text between the markers and -you have yourself a simple system with minimal code. Note that this will -work and grab over multiple lines due the the /s modifier. This is -something that is much trickier with line by line processing. - -Note that this is a very simple templating system and it can't directly -handle nested tags and other complex features. But even if you use one -of the myriad of template modules on the CPAN, you will gain by having -speedier ways to read/write files. - -Slurping in a file into an array also offers some useful advantages. - - -=head2 Traditional Slurping - -Perl has always supported slurping files with minimal code. Slurping of -a file to a list of lines is trivial, just call the <> operator in a -list context: - - my @lines = ; - -and slurping to a scalar isn't much more work. Just set the built in -variable $/ (the input record separator to the undefined value and read -in the file with <>: - - { - local( $/, *FH ) ; - open( FH, $file ) or die "sudden flaming death\n" - $text = - } - -Notice the use of local(). It sets $/ to undef for you and when the -scope exits it will revert $/ back to its previous value (most likely -"\n"). Here is a Perl idiom that allows the $text variable to be -declared and there is no need for a tightly nested block. The do block -will execute the in a scalar context and slurp in the file which is -assigned to $text. - - local( *FH ) ; - open( FH, $file ) or die "sudden flaming death\n" - my $text = do { local( $/ ) ; } ; - -Both of those slurps used localized filehandles to be compatible with -5.005. Here they are with 5.6.0 lexical autovivified handles: - - { - local( $/ ) ; - open( my $fh, $file ) or die "sudden flaming death\n" - $text = <$fh> - } - - open( my $fh, $file ) or die "sudden flaming death\n" - my $text = do { local( $/ ) ; <$fh> } ; - -And this is a variant of that idiom that removes the need for the open -call: - - my $text = do { local( @ARGV, $/ ) = $file ; <> } ; - -The filename in $file is assigned to a localized @ARGV and the null -filehandle is used which reads the data from the files in @ARGV. - -Instead of assigning to a scalar, all the above slurps can assign to an -array and it will get the file but split into lines (using $/ as the end -of line marker). - -There is one common variant of those slurps which is very slow and not -good code. You see it around and it is almost always cargo cult code: - - my $text = join( '', ) ; - -That needlessly splits the input file into lines (join provides a list -context to ) and then joins up those lines again. The original coder -of this idiom obviously never read perlvar and learned how to use $/ to -allow scalar slurping. - -=head2 Write Slurping - -While reading in entire files at one time is common, writing out entire -files is also done. We call it slurping when we read in files but there -is no commonly accepted term for the write operation. I asked some Perl -colleagues and got two interesting nominations. Peter Scott said to call -it burping (rhymes with slurping and the noise is the opposite -direction). Others suggested spewing which has a stronger visual image -:-) Tell me your favorite or suggest your own. I will use both in this -section so you can see how they work for you. - -Spewing a file is a much simpler operation than slurping. You don't have -context issues to worry about and there is no efficiency problem with -returning a buffer. Here is a simple burp sub: - - sub burp { - my( $file_name ) = shift ; - open( my $fh, ">$file_name" ) || - die "can't create $file_name $!" ; - print $fh @_ ; - } - -Note that it doesn't copy the input text but passes @_ directly to -print. We will look at faster variations of that later on. - -=head2 Slurp on the CPAN - -As you would expect there are modules in the CPAN that will slurp files -for you. The two I found are called Slurp.pm (by Rob Casey - ROBAU on -CPAN) and File::Slurp.pm (by David Muir Sharnoff - MUIR on CPAN). - -Here is the code from Slurp.pm: - - sub slurp { - local( $/, @ARGV ) = ( wantarray ? $/ : undef, @_ ); - return ; - } - - sub to_array { - my @array = slurp( @_ ); - return wantarray ? @array : \@array; - } - - sub to_scalar { - my $scalar = slurp( @_ ); - return $scalar; - } - -The sub slurp uses the magic undefined value of $/ and the magic file -handle ARGV to support slurping into a scalar or array. It also provides -two wrapper subs that allow the caller to control the context of the -slurp. And the to_array sub will return the list of slurped lines or a -anonymous array of them according to its caller's context by checking -wantarray. It has 'slurp' in @EXPORT and all three subs in @EXPORT_OK. -A final point is that Slurp.pm is poorly named and it shouldn't be in -the top level namespace. - -File::Slurp.pm has this code: - -sub read_file -{ - my ($file) = @_; - - local($/) = wantarray ? $/ : undef; - local(*F); - my $r; - my (@r); - - open(F, "<$file") || croak "open $file: $!"; - @r = ; - close(F) || croak "close $file: $!"; - - return $r[0] unless wantarray; - return @r; -} - -This module provides several subs including read_file (more on the -others later). read_file behaves simularly to Slurp::slurp in that it -will slurp a list of lines or a single scalar depending on the caller's -context. It also uses the magic undefined value of $/ for scalar -slurping but it uses an explicit open call rather than using a localized -@ARGV and the other module did. Also it doesn't provide a way to get an -anonymous array of the lines but that can easily be rectified by calling -it inside an anonymous array constuctor []. - -Both of these modules make it easier for Perl coders to slurp in -files. They both use the magic $/ to slurp in scalar mode and the -natural behavior of <> in list context to slurp as lines. But neither is -optmized for speed nor can they handle binmode to support binary or -unicode files. See below for more on slurp features and speedups. - -=head2 Slurping API Design - -The slurp modules on CPAN are have a very simple API and don't support -binmode. This section will cover various API design issues such as -efficient return by reference, binmode and calling variations. - -Let's start with the call variations. Slurped files can be returned in -four formats, as a single scalar, as a reference to a scalar, as a list -of lines and as an anonymous array of lines. But the caller can only -provide two contexts, scalar or list. So we have to either provide an -API with more than one sub as Slurp.pm did or just provide one sub which -only returns a scalar or a list (no anonymous array) as File::Slurp.pm -does. - -I have used my own read_file sub for years and it has the same API as -File::Slurp.pm, a single sub which returns a scalar or a list of lines -depending on context. But I recognize the interest of those that want an -anonymous array for line slurping. For one thing it is easier to pass -around to other subs and another it eliminates the extra copying of the -lines via return. So my module will support multiple subs with one that -returns the file based on context and the other returns only lines -(either as a list or as an anonymous array). So this API is in between -the two CPAN modules. There is no need for a specific slurp in as a -scalar sub as the general slurp will do that in scalar context. If you -wanted to slurp a scalar into an array, just select the desired array -element and that will provide scalar context to the read_file sub. - -The next area to cover is what to name these subs. I will go with -read_file and read_file_lines. They are descriptive, simple and don't -use the 'slurp' nickname (though that nick is in the module name). - -Another critical area when designing APIs is how to pass in -arguments. The read_file subs takes one required argument which is the -file name. To support binmode we need another optional argument. And a -third optional argument is needed to support returning a slurped scalar -by reference. My first thought was to design the API with 3 positional -arguments - file name, buffer reference and binmode. But if you want to -set the binmode and not pass in a buffer reference, you have to fill the -second argument with undef and that is ugly. So I decided to make the -filename argument positional and the other two are pass by name. -The sub will start off like this: - - sub read_file { - - my( $file_name, %args ) = @_ ; - - my $buf ; - my $buf_ref = $args{'buf'} || \$buf ; - -The binmode argument will be handled later (see code below). - -The other sub read_file_lines will only take an optional binmode (so you -can read files with binary delimiters). It doesn't need a buffer -reference argument since it can return an anonymous array if the called -in a scalar context. So this sub could use positional arguments but to -keep its API similar to the API of read_file, it will also use pass by -name for the optional arguments. This also means that new optional -arguments can be added later without breaking any legacy code. A bonus -with keeping the API the same for both subs will be seen how the two -subs are optimized to work together. - -Write slurping (or spewing or burping :-) needs to have its API designed -as well. The biggest issue is not only needing to support optional -arguments but a list of arguments to be written is needed. Perl 6 can -handle that with optional named arguments and a final slurp -argument. Since this is Perl 5 we have to do it using some -cleverness. The first argument is the file name and it will be -positional as with the read_file sub. But how can we pass in the -optional arguments and also a list of data? The solution lies in the -fact that the data list should never contain a reference. -Burping/spewing works only on plain data. So if the next argument is a -hash reference, we can assume it is the optional arguments and the rest -of the arguments is the data list. So the write_file sub will start off -like this: - - sub write_file { - - my $file_name = shift ; - - my $args = ( ref $_[0] eq 'HASH' ) ? shift : {} ; - -Whether or not optional arguments are passed in, we leave the data list -in @_ to minimize any more copying. You call write_file like this: - - write_file( 'foo', { binmode => ':raw' }, @data ) ; - write_file( 'junk', { append => 1 }, @more_junk ) ; - write_file( 'bar', @spew ) ; - -=head2 Fast Slurping - - -=head2 Benchmarks - - -=head2 Error Handling - -Slurp subs are subject to conditions such as not being able to open the -file or I/O errors. How these errors are handled and what the caller -will see are important aspects of the design of an API. The classic -error handling for slurping has been to call die or even better, -croak. But sometimes you want to either the slurp to either warn/carp -and allow your code to handle the error. Sure, this can be done by -wrapping the slurp in a eval block to catch a fatal error, but not -everyone wants all that extra code. So I have added another option to -all the subs which selects the error handling. If the 'err_mode' option -is 'croak' (which is also the default, the called sub will croak. If set -to 'carp' then carp will be called. Set to any other string (use 'quiet' -by convention) and no error handler call is made. Then the caller can -use the error status from the call. - -C doesn't use the return value for data so it can return a -false status value in-band to mark an error. C does use its -return value for data but we can still make it pass back the error -status. A successful read in any scalar mode will return either a -defined data string or a (scalar or array) reference. So a bare return -would work here. But if you slurp in lines by calling it in a list -context, a bare return will return an empty list which is the same value -it would from from an existing but empty file. So now, C will -do something I strongly advocate against, which is returning a call to -undef. In the scalar contexts this still returns a error and now in list -context, the returned first value will be undef and that is not legal -data for the first element. So the list context also gets a error status -it can detect: - - my @lines = read_file( $file_name, err_mode => 'quiet' ) ; - your_handle_error( "$file_name can't be read\n" ) unless - @lines && defined $lines[0] ; - - -=head2 File::FastSlurp - - sub read_file { - - my( $file_name, %args ) = @_ ; - - my $buf ; - my $buf_ref = $args{'buf_ref'} || \$buf ; - - my $mode = O_RDONLY ; - $mode |= O_BINARY if $args{'binmode'} ; - - local( *FH ) ; - sysopen( FH, $file_name, $mode ) or - carp "Can't open $file_name: $!" ; - - my $size_left = -s FH ; - - while( $size_left > 0 ) { - - my $read_cnt = sysread( FH, ${$buf_ref}, - $size_left, length ${$buf_ref} ) ; - - unless( $read_cnt ) { - - carp "read error in file $file_name: $!" ; - last ; - } - - $size_left -= $read_cnt ; - } - - # handle void context (return scalar by buffer reference) - - return unless defined wantarray ; - - # handle list context - - return split m|?<$/|g, ${$buf_ref} if wantarray ; - - # handle scalar context - - return ${$buf_ref} ; - } - - - sub read_file_lines { - - # handle list context - - return &read_file if wantarray ;; - - # otherwise handle scalar context - - return [ &read_file ] ; - } - - - sub write_file { - - my $file_name = shift ; - - my $args = ( ref $_[0] eq 'HASH' ) ? shift : {} ; - my $buf = join '', @_ ; - - - my $mode = O_WRONLY ; - $mode |= O_BINARY if $args->{'binmode'} ; - $mode |= O_APPEND if $args->{'append'} ; - - local( *FH ) ; - sysopen( FH, $file_name, $mode ) or - carp "Can't open $file_name: $!" ; - - my $size_left = length( $buf ) ; - my $offset = 0 ; - - while( $size_left > 0 ) { - - my $write_cnt = syswrite( FH, $buf, - $size_left, $offset ) ; - - unless( $write_cnt ) { - - carp "write error in file $file_name: $!" ; - last ; - } - - $size_left -= $write_cnt ; - $offset += $write_cnt ; - } - - return ; - } - -=head2 Slurping in Perl 6 - -As usual with Perl 6, much of the work in this article will be put to -pasture. Perl 6 will allow you to set a 'slurp' property on file handles -and when you read from such a handle, the file is slurped. List and -scalar context will still be supported so you can slurp into lines or a - ) { - do something with $_ - } - -This idiom has several variants, but the key point is that it reads in -only one line from the file in each loop iteration. This has several -advantages, including limiting memory use to one line, the ability to -handle any size file (including data piped in via STDIN), and it is -easily taught and understood to Perl newbies. In fact newbies are the -ones who do silly things like this: - - while( ) { - push @lines, $_ ; - } - - foreach ( @lines ) { - do something with $_ - } - -Line by line processing is fine, but it isn't the only way to deal with -reading files. The other common style is reading the entire file into a -scalar or array, and that is commonly known as slurping. Now, slurping has -somewhat of a poor reputation, and this article is an attempt at -rehabilitating it. Slurping files has advantages and limitations, and is -not something you should just do when line by line processing is fine. -It is best when you need the entire file in memory for processing all at -once. Slurping with in memory processing can be faster and lead to -simpler code than line by line if done properly. - -The biggest issue to watch for with slurping is file size. Slurping very -large files or unknown amounts of data from STDIN can be disastrous to -your memory usage and cause swap disk thrashing. You can slurp STDIN if -you know that you can handle the maximum size input without -detrimentally affecting your memory usage. So I advocate slurping only -disk files and only when you know their size is reasonable and you have -a real reason to process the file as a whole. Note that reasonable size -these days is larger than the bad old days of limited RAM. Slurping in a -megabyte is not an issue on most systems. But most of the -files I tend to slurp in are much smaller than that. Typical files that -work well with slurping are configuration files, (mini-)language scripts, -some data (especially binary) files, and other files of known sizes -which need fast processing. - -Another major win for slurping over line by line is speed. Perl's IO -system (like many others) is slow. Calling C<< <> >> for each line -requires a check for the end of line, checks for EOF, copying a line, -munging the internal handle structure, etc. Plenty of work for each line -read in. Whereas slurping, if done correctly, will usually involve only -one I/O call and no extra data copying. The same is true for writing -files to disk, and we will cover that as well (even though the term -slurping is traditionally a read operation, I use the term ``slurp'' for -the concept of doing I/O with an entire file in one operation). - -Finally, when you have slurped the entire file into memory, you can do -operations on the data that are not possible or easily done with line by -line processing. These include global search/replace (without regard for -newlines), grabbing all matches with one call of C, complex parsing -(which in many cases must ignore newlines), processing *ML (where line -endings are just white space) and performing complex transformations -such as template expansion. - -=head2 Global Operations - -Here are some simple global operations that can be done quickly and -easily on an entire file that has been slurped in. They could also be -done with line by line processing but that would be slower and require -more code. - -A common problem is reading in a file with key/value pairs. There are -modules which do this but who needs them for simple formats? Just slurp -in the file and do a single parse to grab all the key/value pairs. - - my $text = read_file( $file ) ; - my %config = $text =~ /^(\w+)=(.+)$/mg ; - -That matches a key which starts a line (anywhere inside the string -because of the C modifier), the '=' char and the text to the end of the -line (again, C makes that work). In fact the ending C<$> is not even needed -since C<.> will not normally match a newline. Since the key and value are -grabbed and the C is in list context with the C modifier, it will -grab all key/value pairs and return them. The C<%config>hash will be -assigned this list and now you have the file fully parsed into a hash. - -Various projects I have worked on needed some simple templating and I -wasn't in the mood to use a full module (please, no flames about your -favorite template module :-). So I rolled my own by slurping in the -template file, setting up a template hash and doing this one line: - - $text =~ s/<%(.+?)%>/$template{$1}/g ; - -That only works if the entire file was slurped in. With a little -extra work it can handle chunks of text to be expanded: - - $text =~ s/<%(\w+)_START%>(.+?)<%\1_END%>/ template($1, $2)/sge ; - -Just supply a C