$1 is currently documented as being set by the "last pattern match".
But it is left alone by unsuccessful pattern match attempts (continuing
to hold a value from an earlier successful match).
Saying "last successful pattern match" clarifies this; it's also the
phrase used to document $&.
Second, the entry for $1 in perlvar doesn't actually contain the text
"$1" anywhere. As such, doing man perlvar then using /\$1 to search for
it in less doesn't locate it (though does match other places in that
file where $1 happens to be used).
=over 8
-=item $<I<digits>>
+=item $<I<digits>> ($1, $2, ...)
X<$1> X<$2> X<$3>
Contains the subpattern from the corresponding set of capturing
-parentheses from the last pattern match, not counting patterns
+parentheses from the last successful pattern match, not counting patterns
matched in nested blocks that have been exited already. (Mnemonic:
like \digits.) These variables are all read-only and dynamically
scoped to the current BLOCK.