+++ /dev/null
-Article 484 of comp.lang.perl:
-Xref: netlabs comp.lang.perl:484 comp.lang.c:983 alt.sources:134
-Path: netlabs!psinntp!iggy.GW.Vitalink.COM!lll-winken!sun-barr!cronkite.Central.Sun.COM!spdev!texsun!convex!tchrist
-From: tchrist@convex.com (Tom Christiansen)
-Newsgroups: comp.lang.perl,comp.lang.c,alt.sources
-Subject: pstruct -- a C structure formatter; AKA c2ph, a C to perl header translator
-Keywords: C perl tranlator
-Message-ID: <1991Jul25.081021.8104@convex.com>
-Date: 25 Jul 91 08:10:21 GMT
-Sender: usenet@convex.com (news access account)
-Followup-To: comp.lang.perl
-Organization: CONVEX Computer Corporation, Richardson, Tx., USA
-Lines: 1208
-Nntp-Posting-Host: pixel.convex.com
-
-Once upon a time, I wrote a program called pstruct. It was a perl
-program that tried to parse out C structures and display their member
-offsets for you. This was especially useful for people looking at
-binary dumps or poking around the kernel.
-
-Pstruct was not a pretty program. Neither was it particularly robust.
-The problem, you see, was that the C compiler was much better at parsing
-C than I could ever hope to be.
-
-So I got smart: I decided to be lazy and let the C compiler parse the C,
-which would spit out debugger stabs for me to read. These were much
-easier to parse. It's still not a pretty program, but at least it's more
-robust.
-
-Pstruct takes any .c or .h files, or preferably .s ones, since that's
-the format it is going to massage them into anyway, and spits out
-listings like this:
-
-struct tty {
- int tty.t_locker 000 4
- int tty.t_mutex_index 004 4
- struct tty * tty.t_tp_virt 008 4
- struct clist tty.t_rawq 00c 20
- int tty.t_rawq.c_cc 00c 4
- int tty.t_rawq.c_cmax 010 4
- int tty.t_rawq.c_cfx 014 4
- int tty.t_rawq.c_clx 018 4
- struct tty * tty.t_rawq.c_tp_cpu 01c 4
- struct tty * tty.t_rawq.c_tp_iop 020 4
- unsigned char * tty.t_rawq.c_buf_cpu 024 4
- unsigned char * tty.t_rawq.c_buf_iop 028 4
- struct clist tty.t_canq 02c 20
- int tty.t_canq.c_cc 02c 4
- int tty.t_canq.c_cmax 030 4
- int tty.t_canq.c_cfx 034 4
- int tty.t_canq.c_clx 038 4
- struct tty * tty.t_canq.c_tp_cpu 03c 4
- struct tty * tty.t_canq.c_tp_iop 040 4
- unsigned char * tty.t_canq.c_buf_cpu 044 4
- unsigned char * tty.t_canq.c_buf_iop 048 4
- struct clist tty.t_outq 04c 20
- int tty.t_outq.c_cc 04c 4
- int tty.t_outq.c_cmax 050 4
- int tty.t_outq.c_cfx 054 4
- int tty.t_outq.c_clx 058 4
- struct tty * tty.t_outq.c_tp_cpu 05c 4
- struct tty * tty.t_outq.c_tp_iop 060 4
- unsigned char * tty.t_outq.c_buf_cpu 064 4
- unsigned char * tty.t_outq.c_buf_iop 068 4
- (*int)() tty.t_oproc_cpu 06c 4
- (*int)() tty.t_oproc_iop 070 4
- (*int)() tty.t_stopproc_cpu 074 4
- (*int)() tty.t_stopproc_iop 078 4
- struct thread * tty.t_rsel 07c 4
-
- etc.
-
-
-Actually, this was generated by a particular set of options. You can control
-the formatting of each column, whether you prefer wide or fat, hex or decimal,
-leading zeroes or whatever.
-
-All you need to be able to use this is a C compiler than generates
-BSD/GCC-style stabs. The -g option on native BSD compilers and GCC
-should get this for you.
-
-To learn more, just type a bogus option, like -\?, and a long usage message
-will be provided. There are a fair number of possibilities.
-
-If you're only a C programmer, than this is the end of the message for you.
-You can quit right now, and if you care to, save off the source and run it
-when you feel like it. Or not.
-
-
-
-But if you're a perl programmer, then for you I have something much more
-wondrous than just a structure offset printer.
-
-You see, if you call pstruct by its other incybernation, c2ph, you have a code
-generator that translates C code into perl code! Well, structure and union
-declarations at least, but that's quite a bit.
-
-Prior to this point, anyone programming in perl who wanted to interact
-with C programs, like the kernel, was forced to guess the layouts of the C
-strutures, and then hardwire these into his program. Of course, when you
-took your wonderfully to a system where the sgtty structure was laid out
-differently, you program broke. Which is a shame.
-
-We've had Larry's h2ph translator, which helped, but that only works on
-cpp symbols, not real C, which was also very much needed. What I offer
-you is a symbolic way of getting at all the C structures. I've couched
-them in terms of packages and functions. Consider the following program:
-
- #!/usr/local/bin/perl
-
- require 'syscall.ph';
- require 'sys/time.ph';
- require 'sys/resource.ph';
-
- $ru = "\0" x &rusage'sizeof();
-
- syscall(&SYS_getrusage, &RUSAGE_SELF, $ru) && die "getrusage: $!";
-
- @ru = unpack($t = &rusage'typedef(), $ru);
-
- $utime = $ru[ &rusage'ru_utime + &timeval'tv_sec ]
- + ($ru[ &rusage'ru_utime + &timeval'tv_usec ]) / 1e6;
-
- $stime = $ru[ &rusage'ru_stime + &timeval'tv_sec ]
- + ($ru[ &rusage'ru_stime + &timeval'tv_usec ]) / 1e6;
-
- printf "you have used %8.3fs+%8.3fu seconds.\n", $utime, $stime;
-
-
-As you see, the name of the package is the name of the structure. Regular
-fields are just their own names. Plus the follwoing accessor functions are
-provided for your convenience:
-
- struct This takes no arguments, and is merely the number of first-level
- elements in the structure. You would use this for indexing
- into arrays of structures, perhaps like this
-
-
- $usec = $u[ &user'u_utimer
- + (&ITIMER_VIRTUAL * &itimerval'struct)
- + &itimerval'it_value
- + &timeval'tv_usec
- ];
-
- sizeof Returns the bytes in the structure, or the member if
- you pass it an argument, such as
-
- &rusage'sizeof(&rusage'ru_utime)
-
- typedef This is the perl format definition for passing to pack and
- unpack. If you ask for the typedef of a nothing, you get
- the whole structure, otherwise you get that of the member
- you ask for. Padding is taken care of, as is the magic to
- guarantee that a union is unpacked into all its aliases.
- Bitfields are not quite yet supported however.
-
- offsetof This function is the byte offset into the array of that
- member. You may wish to use this for indexing directly
- into the packed structure with vec() if you're too lazy
- to unpack it.
-
- typeof Not to be confused with the typedef accessor function, this
- one returns the C type of that field. This would allow
- you to print out a nice structured pretty print of some
- structure without knoning anything about it beforehand.
- No args to this one is a noop. Someday I'll post such
- a thing to dump out your u structure for you.
-
-
-The way I see this being used is like basically this:
-
- % h2ph <some_include_file.h > /usr/lib/perl/tmp.ph
- % c2ph some_include_file.h >> /usr/lib/perl/tmp.ph
- % install
-
-It's a little tricker with c2ph because you have to get the includes right.
-I can't know this for your system, but it's not usually too terribly difficult.
-
-The code isn't pretty as I mentioned -- I never thought it would be a 1000-
-line program when I started, or I might not have begun. :-) But I would have
-been less cavalier in how the parts of the program communicated with each
-other, etc. It might also have helped if I didn't have to divine the makeup
-of the stabs on the fly, and then account for micro differences between my
-compiler and gcc.
-
-Anyway, here it is. Should run on perl v4 or greater. Maybe less.
-
-
---tom
-
-
+++ /dev/null
-POSIX::_exit POSIX terminate a process
-POSIX::abort POSIX generate a fault
-POSIX::abs POSIX integer absolute value
-POSIX::access POSIX determine accessibility of file
-POSIX::acos POSIX trigonometric functions
-POSIX::alarm POSIX schedule signal after specified time
-POSIX::asctime POSIX convert date and time
-POSIX::asin POSIX trigonometric functions
-POSIX::assert POSIX program verification
-POSIX::atan2 POSIX trigonometric functions
-POSIX::atan POSIX trigonometric functions
-POSIX::atof POSIX convert string to double-precision number
-POSIX::atoi POSIX convert string to integer
-POSIX::atol POSIX convert string to integer
-POSIX::bsearch POSIX binary search a sorted table
-POSIX::calloc POSIX memory allocator
-POSIX::ceil POSIX round to integral value in floating-point or integer format
-POSIX::chdir POSIX change current working directory
-POSIX::chmod POSIX change mode of file
-POSIX::chown POSIX change owner and group of a file
-POSIX::clearerr POSIX stream status inquiries
-POSIX::clock POSIX report CPU time used
-POSIX::close POSIX delete a descriptor
-POSIX::closedir POSIX directory operations
-POSIX::cos POSIX trigonometric functions
-POSIX::cosh POSIX hyperbolic functions
-POSIX::creat POSIX create a new file
-POSIX::ctermid POSIX generate filename for terminal
-POSIX::ctime POSIX convert date and time
-POSIX::cuserid POSIX get character login name of the user
-POSIX::dup2 POSIX duplicate a descriptor
-POSIX::dup POSIX duplicate a descriptor
-POSIX::errno POSIX system error messages
-POSIX::execl POSIX execute a file
-POSIX::execle POSIX execute a file
-POSIX::execlp POSIX execute a file
-POSIX::execv POSIX execute a file
-POSIX::execve POSIX execute a file
-POSIX::execvp POSIX execute a file
-POSIX::exit POSIX terminate a process after performing cleanup
-POSIX::exp POSIX exponential, logarithm, power
-POSIX::fabs POSIX appendix and related miscellaneous functions for IEEE arithmetic
-POSIX::fclose POSIX close or flush a stream
-POSIX::fcntl POSIX file control
-POSIX::fdopen POSIX open a stream
-POSIX::feof POSIX stream status inquiries
-POSIX::ferror POSIX stream status inquiries
-POSIX::fflush POSIX close or flush a stream
-POSIX::fgetc POSIX get character or integer from stream
-POSIX::fgets POSIX get a string from a stream
-POSIX::fileno POSIX stream status inquiries
-POSIX::floor POSIX round to integral value in floating-point or integer format
-POSIX::fmod POSIX appendix and related miscellaneous functions for IEEE arithmetic
-POSIX::fopen POSIX open a stream
-POSIX::fork POSIX create a new process
-POSIX::fpathconf POSIX query file system related limits and options
-POSIX::fprintf POSIX formatted output conversion
-POSIX::fputc POSIX put character or word on a stream
-POSIX::fputs POSIX put a string on a stream
-POSIX::fread POSIX buffered binary input/output
-POSIX::free POSIX memory allocator
-POSIX::freopen POSIX open a stream
-POSIX::frexp POSIX traditional UNIX functions
-POSIX::fscanf POSIX formatted input conversion
-POSIX::fseek POSIX reposition a stream
-POSIX::fstat POSIX get file status
-POSIX::ftell POSIX reposition a stream
-POSIX::fwrite POSIX buffered binary input/output
-POSIX::getc POSIX get character or integer from stream
-POSIX::getchar POSIX get character or integer from stream
-POSIX::getcwd POSIX get pathname of current working directory
-POSIX::getegid POSIX get group identity
-POSIX::getenv POSIX return value for environment name
-POSIX::geteuid POSIX get user identity
-POSIX::getgid POSIX get group identity
-POSIX::getgrgid POSIX get group file entry
-POSIX::getgrnam POSIX get group file entry
-POSIX::getgroups POSIX get or set supplementary group IDs
-POSIX::getlogin POSIX get login name
-POSIX::getpgrp POSIX return or set the process group of a process
-POSIX::getpid POSIX get process identification
-POSIX::getppid POSIX get process identification
-POSIX::getpwnam POSIX get password file entry
-POSIX::getpwuid POSIX get password file entry
-POSIX::gets POSIX get a string from a stream
-POSIX::getuid POSIX get user identity
-POSIX::gmtime POSIX convert date and time
-POSIX::isalnum POSIX character classification and conversion macros and functions
-POSIX::isalpha POSIX character classification and conversion macros and functions
-POSIX::isatty POSIX find name of a terminal
-POSIX::iscntrl POSIX character classification and conversion macros and functions
-POSIX::isdigit POSIX character classification and conversion macros and functions
-POSIX::isgraph POSIX character classification and conversion macros and functions
-POSIX::islower POSIX character classification and conversion macros and functions
-POSIX::isprint POSIX character classification and conversion macros and functions
-POSIX::ispunct POSIX character classification and conversion macros and functions
-POSIX::isspace POSIX character classification and conversion macros and functions
-POSIX::isupper POSIX character classification and conversion macros and functions
-POSIX::isxdigit POSIX character classification and conversion macros and functions
-POSIX::kill POSIX send a signal to a process or a group of processes
-POSIX::ldexp POSIX traditional UNIX functions
-POSIX::link POSIX make a hard link to a file
-POSIX::localeconv POSIX get numeric and monetary formatting conventions
-POSIX::localtime POSIX convert date and time
-POSIX::log10 POSIX exponential, logarithm, power
-POSIX::log POSIX exponential, logarithm, power
-POSIX::longjmp POSIX non-local goto
-POSIX::lseek POSIX move read/write pointer
-POSIX::malloc POSIX memory allocator
-POSIX::mblen POSIX multibyte character handling
-POSIX::mbstowcs POSIX multibyte character handling
-POSIX::mbtowc POSIX multibyte character handling
-POSIX::memchr POSIX memory operations
-POSIX::memcmp POSIX memory operations
-POSIX::memcpy POSIX memory operations
-POSIX::memset POSIX memory operations
-POSIX::mkdir POSIX make a directory file
-POSIX::mkfifo POSIX make a special file
-POSIX::modf POSIX traditional UNIX functions
-POSIX::nice POSIX change nice value of a process
-POSIX::open POSIX open or create a file for reading or writing
-POSIX::opendir POSIX directory operations
-POSIX::pathconf POSIX query file system related limits and options
-POSIX::pause POSIX stop until signal
-POSIX::perror POSIX system error messages
-POSIX::pipe POSIX create an interprocess communication channel
-POSIX::pow POSIX exponential, logarithm, power
-POSIX::pow POSIX multiple precision integer arithmetic
-POSIX::printf POSIX formatted output conversion
-POSIX::putc POSIX put character or word on a stream
-POSIX::putchar POSIX put character or word on a stream
-POSIX::puts POSIX put a string on a stream
-POSIX::qsort POSIX quicker sort
-POSIX::rand POSIX simple random number generator
-POSIX::read POSIX read input
-POSIX::readdir POSIX directory operations
-POSIX::realloc POSIX memory allocator
-POSIX::rename POSIX change the name of a file
-POSIX::rewind POSIX reposition a stream
-POSIX::rewinddir POSIX directory operations
-POSIX::rmdir POSIX remove a directory file
-POSIX::scanf POSIX formatted input conversion
-POSIX::setbuf POSIX assign buffering to a stream
-POSIX::setgid POSIX set user and group ID
-POSIX::setjmp POSIX non-local goto
-POSIX::setlocale POSIX set international environment
-POSIX::setpgid POSIX set process group ID for job control
-POSIX::setsid POSIX create session and set process group ID
-POSIX::setuid POSIX set user and group ID
-POSIX::setvbuf POSIX assign buffering to a stream
-POSIX::sigaction POSIX examine and change signal action
-POSIX::siglongjmp POSIX non-local goto
-POSIX::sigpending POSIX examine pending signals
-POSIX::sigprocmask POSIX examine and change blocked signals
-POSIX::sigsetjmp POSIX non-local goto
-POSIX::sigsuspend POSIX automatically release blocked signals and wait for interrupt
-POSIX::sin POSIX trigonometric functions
-POSIX::sinh POSIX hyperbolic functions
-POSIX::sleep POSIX suspend execution for interval
-POSIX::sprintf POSIX formatted output conversion
-POSIX::sqrt POSIX cube root, square root
-POSIX::srand POSIX simple random number generator
-POSIX::sscanf POSIX formatted input conversion
-POSIX::stat POSIX get file status
-POSIX::strcat POSIX string operations
-POSIX::strchr POSIX string operations
-POSIX::strcmp POSIX string operations
-POSIX::strcoll POSIX compare or transform strings using collating information
-POSIX::strcpy POSIX string operations
-POSIX::strcspn POSIX string operations
-POSIX::strftime POSIX convert date and time
-POSIX::strlen POSIX string operations
-POSIX::strncat POSIX string operations
-POSIX::strncmp POSIX string operations
-POSIX::strncpy POSIX string operations
-POSIX::strpbrk POSIX string operations
-POSIX::strrchr POSIX string operations
-POSIX::strspn POSIX string operations
-POSIX::strstr POSIX string operations
-POSIX::strtod POSIX convert string to double-precision number
-POSIX::strtok POSIX string operations
-POSIX::strtol POSIX convert string to integer
-POSIX::strxfrm POSIX compare or transform strings using collating information
-POSIX::sysconf POSIX query system related limits, values, options
-POSIX::system POSIX issue a shell command
-POSIX::tan POSIX trigonometric functions
-POSIX::tanh POSIX hyperbolic functions
-POSIX::tcdrain POSIX get and set terminal attributes, line control, get and set baud rate, get and set terminal foreground process group ID
-POSIX::tcflow POSIX get and set terminal attributes, line control, get and set baud rate, get and set terminal foreground process group ID
-POSIX::tcflush POSIX get and set terminal attributes, line control, get and set baud rate, get and set terminal foreground process group ID
-POSIX::tcgetpgrp POSIX get, set foreground process group ID
-POSIX::tcsendbreak POSIX get and set terminal attributes, line control, get and set baud rate, get and set terminal foreground process group ID
-POSIX::tcsetpgrp POSIX get, set foreground process group ID
-POSIX::tell POSIX move read/write pointer
-POSIX::time POSIX get date and time
-POSIX::times POSIX get process times
-POSIX::tmpfile POSIX create a temporary file
-POSIX::tmpnam POSIX create a name for a temporary file
-POSIX::tolower POSIX character classification and conversion macros and functions
-POSIX::toupper POSIX character classification and conversion macros and functions
-POSIX::ttyname POSIX find name of a terminal
-POSIX::tzset POSIX convert date and time
-POSIX::umask POSIX set file creation mode mask
-POSIX::uname POSIX get information about current system
-POSIX::ungetc POSIX push character back into input stream
-POSIX::unlink POSIX remove directory entry
-POSIX::utime POSIX set file times
-POSIX::vfprintf POSIX print formatted output of a varargs argument list
-POSIX::vprintf POSIX print formatted output of a varargs argument list
-POSIX::vsprintf POSIX print formatted output of a varargs argument list
-POSIX::wait POSIX wait for process to terminate or stop, examine returned status
-POSIX::waitpid POSIX wait for process to terminate or stop, examine returned status
-POSIX::wcstombs POSIX multibyte character handling
-POSIX::wctomb POSIX multibyte character handling
-POSIX::write POSIX write output
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