=head1 SYNOPSIS
-These are instructions for building Perl under Windows NT (versions
-3.51 or 4.0). Currently, this port is reported to build under
-Windows95 using the 4DOS shell--the default shell that infests
-Windows95 may not work fully (but see below). Note that this caveat
-is only about B<building> perl. Once built, you should be able to
-B<use> it on either Win32 platform (modulo the problems arising from
-the inferior command shell).
+These are instructions for building Perl under Windows (9x, NT and
+2000).
=head1 DESCRIPTION
=over 4
+=item Make
+
+You need a "make" program to build the sources. If you are using
+Visual C++ under Windows NT or 2000, nmake will work. All other
+builds need dmake.
+
+dmake is a freely available make that has very nice macro features
+and parallelability.
+
+A port of dmake for Windows is available from:
+
+ http://www.cpan.org/authors/id/GSAR/dmake-4.1pl1-win32.zip
+
+(This is a fixed version of original dmake sources obtained from
+http://www.wticorp.com/dmake/. As of version 4.1PL1, the original
+sources did not build as shipped, and had various other problems.
+A patch is included in the above fixed version.)
+
+Fetch and install dmake somewhere on your path (follow the instructions
+in the README.NOW file).
+
=item Command Shell
Use the default "cmd" shell that comes with NT. Some versions of the
popular 4DOS/NT shell have incompatibilities that may cause you trouble.
If the build fails under that shell, try building again with the cmd
-shell. The nmake Makefile also has known incompatibilites with the
-"command.com" shell that comes with Windows95.
+shell.
-However, there have been reports of successful build attempts using
-4DOS/NT version 6.01 under Windows95, using dmake, but your mileage
-may vary. There is also some basic support for building using dmake
-under command.com. Nevertheless, if building under command.com
-doesn't work, try 4DOS/NT.
+The nmake Makefile also has known incompatibilites with the
+"command.com" shell that comes with Windows 9x. You will need to
+use dmake and makefile.mk to build under Windows 9x.
The surest way to build it is on Windows NT, using the cmd shell.
=item Borland C++
-If you are using the Borland compiler, you will need dmake, a freely
-available make that has very nice macro features and parallelability.
+If you are using the Borland compiler, you will need dmake.
(The make that Borland supplies is seriously crippled, and will not
work for MakeMaker builds.)
-A port of dmake for win32 platforms is available from:
-
- http://cpan.perl.org/authors/id/GSAR/dmake-4.1pl1-win32.zip
-
-(This is a fixed version of original dmake sources obtained from
-http://www.wticorp.com/dmake/. As of version 4.1PL1, the original
-sources did not build as shipped, and had various other problems.
-A patch is included in the above fixed version.)
-
-Fetch and install dmake somewhere on your path (follow the instructions
-in the README.NOW file).
+See L/"Make"> above.
=item Microsoft Visual C++
in the README for the GCC bundle. You may need to set up a few environment
variables (usually run from a batch file).
-You also need dmake. See L</"Borland C++"> above on how to get it.
+You also need dmake. See L</"Make"> above on how to get it.
=back
This directory contains a "Makefile" that will work with
versions of nmake that come with Visual C++, and a dmake "makefile.mk"
that will work for all supported compilers. The defaults in the dmake
-makefile are setup to build using the Borland compiler.
+makefile are setup to build using the GCC compiler.
=item *
Edit the makefile.mk (or Makefile, if using nmake) and change the values
of INST_DRV and INST_TOP. You can also enable various build
-flags.
-
-Beginning with version 5.005, there is experimental support for building
-a perl interpreter that supports the Perl Object abstraction (courtesy
-ActiveState Tool Corp.) PERL_OBJECT uses C++, and the binaries are
-therefore incompatible with the regular C build. However, the
-PERL_OBJECT build does provide something called the C-API, for linking
-it with extensions that won't compile under PERL_OBJECT. Using the C_API
-is typically requested through:
-
- perl Makefile.PL CAPI=TRUE
-
-PERL_OBJECT requires VC++ 5.0 (Service Pack 3 recommended) or later. It
-is not yet supported under GCC. WARNING: Binaries built with
-PERL_OBJECT enabled are B<not> compatible with binaries built without.
-Perl installs PERL_OBJECT binaries under a distinct architecture name,
-so they B<can> coexist, though.
-
-Beginning with version 5.005, there is experimental support for building
-a perl interpreter that is capable of native threading. Binaries built
-with thread support enabled are also incompatible with the vanilla C
-build. WARNING: Binaries built with threads enabled are B<not> compatible
-with binaries built without. Perl installs threads enabled binaries under
-a distinct architecture name, so they B<can> coexist, though.
-
-At the present time, you cannot enable both threading and PERL_OBJECT.
-You can get only one of them in a Perl interpreter.
+flags. These are explained in the makefiles.
+
+You will have to make sure CCTYPE is set correctly, and CCHOME points
+to wherever you installed your compiler.
+
+The default value for CCHOME in the makefiles for Visual C++
+may not be correct for some versions. Make sure the default exists
+and is valid.
If you have either the source or a library that contains des_fcrypt(),
enable the appropriate option in the makefile. des_fcrypt() is not
Perl will also build without des_fcrypt(), but the crypt() builtin will
fail at run time.
-You will also have to make sure CCHOME points to wherever you installed
-your compiler.
-
-The default value for CCHOME in the makefiles for Visual C++
-may not be correct for some versions. Make sure the default exists
-and is valid.
-
-Other options are explained in the makefiles. Be sure to read the
-instructions carefully.
+Be sure to read the instructions near the top of the makefiles carefully.
=item *
Type "dmake" (or "nmake" if you are using that make).
This should build everything. Specifically, it will create perl.exe,
-perl.dll (or perl56.dll), and perlglob.exe at the perl toplevel, and
-various other extension dll's under the lib\auto directory. If the build
-fails for any reason, make sure you have done the previous steps correctly.
-
-The build process may produce "harmless" compiler warnings (more or
-less copiously, depending on how picky your compiler gets). The
-maintainers are aware of these warnings, thankyouverymuch. :)
+perl56.dll at the perl toplevel, and various other extension dll's
+under the lib\auto directory. If the build fails for any reason, make
+sure you have done the previous steps correctly.
=back
=head2 Testing
Type "dmake test" (or "nmake test"). This will run most of the tests from
-the testsuite (many tests will be skipped, and but no test should fail).
+the testsuite (many tests will be skipped, but no tests should typically
+fail).
If some tests do fail, it may be because you are using a different command
shell than the native "cmd.exe", or because you are building from a path
C<$INST_TOP\$VERSION\bin>, and C<$INST_TOP\$VERSION\bin\$ARCHNAME>.
For example:
- set PATH c:\perl\5.005\bin;c:\perl\5.005\bin\MSWin32-x86;%PATH%
+ set PATH c:\perl\5.6.0\bin;c:\perl\5.6.0\bin\MSWin32-x86;%PATH%
+If you opt to comment out INST_VER and INST_ARCH in the makefiles, the
+installation structure is much simpler. In that case, it will be
+sufficient to add a single entry to the path, for instance:
+
+ set PATH c:\perl\bin;%PATH%
=head2 Usage Hints
=item File Globbing
-By default, perl spawns an external program to do file globbing.
-The install process installs both a perlglob.exe and a perlglob.bat
-that perl can use for this purpose. Note that with the default
-installation, perlglob.exe will be found by the system before
-perlglob.bat.
-
-perlglob.exe relies on the argv expansion done by the C Runtime of
-the particular compiler you used, and therefore behaves very
-differently depending on the Runtime used to build it. To preserve
-compatiblity, perlglob.bat (a perl script that can be used portably)
-is installed. Besides being portable, perlglob.bat also offers
-enhanced globbing functionality.
-
-If you want perl to use perlglob.bat instead of perlglob.exe, just
-delete perlglob.exe from the install location (or move it somewhere
-perl cannot find). Using File::DosGlob.pm (which implements the core
-functionality of perlglob.bat) to override the internal CORE::glob()
-works about 10 times faster than spawing perlglob.exe, and you should
-take this approach when writing new modules. See File::DosGlob for
+By default, perl handles file globbing using the File::Glob extension,
+which provides portable globbing.
+
+If you want perl to use globbing that emulates the quirks of DOS
+filename conventions, you might want to consider using File::DosGlob
+to override the internal glob() implementation. See L<File::DosGlob> for
details.
=item Using perl from the command line
If you are accustomed to using perl from various command-line
shells found in UNIX environments, you will be less than pleased
-with what Windows NT offers by way of a command shell.
+with what Windows offers by way of a command shell.
The crucial thing to understand about the "cmd" shell (which is
the default on Windows NT) is that it does not do any wildcard
perl -e "print 'foo'; print STDERR 'bar'" 2> blurch | less
-Discovering the usefulness of the "command.com" shell on Windows95
+Discovering the usefulness of the "command.com" shell on Windows 9x
is left as an exercise to the reader :)
=item Building Extensions
The Comprehensive Perl Archive Network (CPAN) offers a wealth
of extensions, some of which require a C compiler to build.
-Look in http://www.perl.com/ for more information on CPAN.
+Look in http://www.cpan.org/ for more information on CPAN.
+
+Note that not all of the extensions available from CPAN may work
+in the Win32 environment; you should check the information at
+http://testers.cpan.org/ before investing too much effort into
+porting modules that don't readily build.
Most extensions (whether they require a C compiler or not) can
be built, tested and installed with the standard mantra:
Another option is to use the make written in Perl, available from
CPAN:
- http://www.perl.com/CPAN/authors/id/NI-S/Make-0.03.tar.gz
+ http://www.cpan.org/authors/id/NI-S/Make-0.03.tar.gz
-You may also use dmake. See L</"Borland C++"> above on how to get it.
+You may also use dmake. See L</"Make"> above on how to get it.
Note that MakeMaker actually emits makefiles with different syntax
depending on what 'make' it thinks you are using. Therefore, it is
CPAN in source form, along with many added bugfixes, and with MakeMaker
support. This bundle is available at:
- http://www.perl.com/CPAN/authors/id/GSAR/libwin32-0.14.zip
+ http://www.cpan.org/authors/id/GSAR/libwin32-0.151.zip
See the README in that distribution for building and installation
instructions. Look for later versions that may be available at the
=head1 BUGS AND CAVEATS
-An effort has been made to ensure that the DLLs produced by the two
-supported compilers are compatible with each other (despite the
-best efforts of the compiler vendors). Extension binaries produced
-by one compiler should also coexist with a perl binary built by
-a different compiler. In order to accomplish this, PERL.DLL provides
-a layer of runtime code that uses the C Runtime that perl was compiled
-with. Extensions which include "perl.h" will transparently access
-the functions in this layer, thereby ensuring that both perl and
-extensions use the same runtime functions.
-
-If you have had prior exposure to Perl on Unix platforms, you will notice
-this port exhibits behavior different from what is documented. Most of the
-differences fall under one of these categories. We do not consider
-any of them to be serious limitations (especially when compared to the
-limited nature of some of the Win32 OSes themselves :)
-
-=over 8
-
-=item *
-
-C<stat()> and C<lstat()> functions may not behave as documented. They
-may return values that bear no resemblance to those reported on Unix
-platforms, and some fields (like the the one for inode) may be completely
-bogus.
-
-=item *
-
-The following functions are currently unavailable: C<fork()>,
-C<dump()>, C<chown()>, C<link()>, C<symlink()>, C<chroot()>,
-C<setpgrp()> and related security functions, C<setpriority()>,
-C<getpriority()>, C<syscall()>, C<fcntl()>, C<getpw*()>,
-C<msg*()>, C<shm*()>, C<sem*()>, C<alarm()>, C<socketpair()>,
-C<*netent()>, C<*protoent()>, C<*servent()>, C<*hostent()>,
-C<getnetby*()>.
-This list is possibly incomplete.
+Some of the built-in functions do not act exactly as documented in
+L<perlfunc>, and a few are not implemented at all. To avoid
+surprises, particularly if you have had prior exposure to Perl
+in other operating environments or if you intend to write code
+that will be portable to other environments, see L<perlport>
+for a reasonably definitive list of these differences.
-=item *
-
-Various C<socket()> related calls are supported, but they may not
-behave as on Unix platforms.
-
-=item *
-
-The four-argument C<select()> call is only supported on sockets.
+Not all extensions available from CPAN may build or work properly
+in the Win32 environment. See L</"Building Extensions">.
-=item *
-
-The C<ioctl()> call is only supported on sockets (where it provides the
-functionality of ioctlsocket() in the Winsock API).
-
-=item *
-
-Failure to spawn() a subprocess is indicated by setting $? to "255 << 8".
-C<$?> is set in a way compatible with Unix (i.e. the exitstatus of the
-subprocess is obtained by "$? >> 8", as described in the documentation).
-
-=item *
-
-You can expect problems building modules available on CPAN if you
-build perl itself with -DUSE_THREADS. These problems should be resolved
-as we get closer to 5.005.
-
-=item *
-
-C<utime()>, C<times()> and process-related functions may not
-behave as described in the documentation, and some of the
-returned values or effects may be bogus.
-
-=item *
+Most C<socket()> related calls are supported, but they may not
+behave as on Unix platforms. See L<perlport> for the full list.
Signal handling may not behave as on Unix platforms (where it
doesn't exactly "behave", either :). For instance, calling C<die()>
variable in the handler. Using signals under this port should
currently be considered unsupported.
-=item *
-
-C<kill()> is implemented, but doesn't have the semantics of
-C<raise()>, i.e. it doesn't send a signal to the identified process
-like it does on Unix platforms. Instead it immediately calls
-C<TerminateProcess(process,signal)>. Thus the signal argument is
-used to set the exit-status of the terminated process. However,
-a signal of 0 can be used to safely check if the specified process
-exists, as on Unix.
-
-=item *
-
-File globbing may not behave as on Unix platforms. In particular,
-if you don't use perlglob.bat for globbing, it will understand
-wildcards only in the filename component (and not in the pathname).
-In other words, something like "print <*/*.pl>" will not print all the
-perl scripts in all the subdirectories one level under the current one
-(like it does on UNIX platforms). perlglob.exe is also dependent on
-the particular implementation of wildcard expansion in the vendor
-libraries used to build it (which varies wildly at the present time).
-Using perlglob.bat (or File::DosGlob) avoids these limitations, but
-still only provides DOS semantics (read "warts") for globbing.
-
-=back
-
Please send detailed descriptions of any problems and solutions that
you may find to <F<perlbug@perl.com>>, along with the output produced
by C<perl -V>.
Win9x support was added in 5.6 (Benjamin Stuhl).
-Last updated: 28 December 1999
+Last updated: 13 March 2000
=cut
C<-x> (or C<-X>) determine if a file has an executable file type.
(S<RISC OS>)
+=item alarm SECONDS
+
+=item alarm
+
+Not implemented. (Win32)
+
=item binmode FILEHANDLE
Meaningless. (S<Mac OS>, S<RISC OS>)
Globbing built-in, but only C<*> and C<?> metacharacters are supported.
(S<Mac OS>)
-Features depend on external perlglob.exe or perlglob.bat. May be
-overridden with something like File::DosGlob, which is recommended.
-(Win32)
-
-Globbing built-in, but only C<*> and C<?> metacharacters are supported.
-Globbing relies on operating system calls, which may return filenames
-in any order. As most filesystems are case-insensitive, even "sorted"
-filenames will not be in case-sensitive order. (S<RISC OS>)
+This operator is implemented via the File::Glob extension on most
+platforms. See L<File::Glob> for portability information.
=item ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR
Not implemented, hence not useful for taint checking. (S<Mac OS>,
S<RISC OS>)
-C<kill($sig, $pid)> makes the process exit immediately with exit
-status $sig. As in Unix, if $sig is 0 and the specified process exists,
-it returns true without actually terminating it. (Win32)
+C<kill()> doesn't have the semantics of C<raise()>, i.e. it doesn't send
+a signal to the identified process like it does on Unix platforms.
+Instead C<kill($sig, $pid)> terminates the process identified by $pid,
+and makes it exit immediately with exit status $sig. As in Unix, if
+$sig is 0 and the specified process exists, it returns true without
+actually terminating it. (Win32)
=item link OLDFILE,NEWFILE
Not implemented. (VMS, S<RISC OS>)
-Return values may be bogus. (Win32)
+Return values (especially for device and inode) may be bogus. (Win32)
=item msgctl ID,CMD,ARG
Only reliable on sockets. (S<RISC OS>)
+Note that the C<socket FILEHANDLE> form is generally portable.
+
=item semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG
=item semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS
C<$ENV{PERL5SHELL}>. C<system(1, @args)> spawns an external
process and immediately returns its process designator, without
waiting for it to terminate. Return value may be used subsequently
-in C<wait> or C<waitpid>. (Win32)
+in C<wait> or C<waitpid>. Failure to spawn() a subprocess is indicated
+by setting $? to "255 << 8". C<$?> is set in a way compatible with
+Unix (i.e. the exitstatus of the subprocess is obtained by "$? >> 8",
+as described in the documentation). (Win32)
There is no shell to process metacharacters, and the native standard is
to pass a command line terminated by "\n" "\r" or "\0" to the spawned
Only the first entry returned is nonzero. (S<Mac OS>)
-"cumulative" times will be bogus. On anything other than Windows NT,
-"system" time will be bogus, and "user" time is actually the time
-returned by the clock() function in the C runtime library. (Win32)
+"cumulative" times will be bogus. On anything other than Windows NT
+or Windows 2000, "system" time will be bogus, and "user" time is
+actually the time returned by the clock() function in the C runtime
+library. (Win32)
Not useful. (S<RISC OS>)
projects / p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git / commitdiff