perl: $& perlmain$(OBJ_EXT) $(LIBPERL) $(DYNALOADER) $(static_ext) ext.libs $(PERLEXPORT)
-@rm -f miniperl.xok
- $(SHRPENV) $(LDLIBPTH) $(CC) -o perl$(PERL_SUFFIX) $(PERL_PROFILING) $(CLDFLAGS) $(CCDLFLAGS) perlmain$(OBJ_EXT) $(DYNALOADER) $(static_ext) $(LLIBPERL) `cat ext.libs` $(libs)
+ $(SHRPENV) $(LDLIBPTH) $(CC) -o perl$(PERL_SUFFIX) $(PERL_PROFILE_LDFLAGS) $(CLDFLAGS) $(CCDLFLAGS) perlmain$(OBJ_EXT) $(DYNALOADER) $(static_ext) $(LLIBPERL) `cat ext.libs` $(libs)
# Purify/Quantify Perls.
perl.gprof: /usr/bin/gprof perl.gprof.config
@-rm -f perl
- $(MAKE) PERL_SUFFIX=.gprof PERL_PROFILING=-pg perl
+ $(MAKE) PERL_SUFFIX=.gprof PERL_PROFILE_LDFLAGS=-pg perl
@echo "Now you may run perl.gprof and then run gprof perl.gprof."
+# Gcov Perl
+
+perl.config.gcov:
+ @echo "To build perl.gcov you must use gcc 3.0 or newer, checking..."
+ @echo "Checking gccversion in config.sh..."
+ @grep "^gccversion=" config.sh
+ @grep "^gccversion='[3-9]\." config.sh >/dev/null || exit 1
+ @echo "To build perl.gcov you must Configure -Dccflags=-fprofile-arcs -ftest-coverage, checking..."
+ @echo "Checking ccflags='-fprofile-arcs -ftest-coverage' in config.sh..."
+ @grep "^ccflags=" config.sh
+ @grep "^ccflags='.*-fprofile-arcs -ftest-coverage.*'" config.sh >/dev/null || exit 1
+
+perl.gcov: perl.config.gcov
+ @-rm -f perl
+ $(MAKE) PERL_SUFFIX=.gcov PERL_PROFILE_LDFLAGS='' perl
+ @echo "Now you may run perl.gcov and then run gcov some.c."
+
# Microperl. This is just a convenience thing if one happens to
# build also the full Perl and therefore the real big Makefile:
# usually one should manually explicitly issue the below command.
When building Perl, you must first run Configure with -Doptimize=-g
and -Uusemymalloc flags, after that you can use the make targets
-"perl.third" and "test.third".
+"perl.third" and "test.third". (What is required is that Perl must be
+compiled using the C<-g> flag, you may need to re-Configure.)
The short story is that with "atom" you can instrument the Perl
executable to create a new executable called F<perl.third>. When the
PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL=2 ./perl.third t/foo/bar.t
+=head2 Profiling
+
+Depending on your platform there are various of profiling Perl.
+
+There are two commonly used techniques of profiling executables:
+E<statistical time-sampling> and E<basic-block counting>.
+
+The first method takes periodically samples of the CPU program
+counter, and since the program counter can be correlated with the code
+generated for functions, we get a statistical view of in which
+functions the program is spending its time. The caveats are that very
+small/fast functions have lower probability of showing up in the
+profile, and that periodically interrupting the program (this is
+usually done rather frequently, in the scale of milliseconds) imposes
+an additional overhead that may skew the results. The first problem
+can be alleviated by running the code for longer (in general this is a
+good idea for profiling), the second problem is usually kept in guard
+by the profiling tools themselves.
+
+The second method divides up the generated code into E<basic blocks>.
+Basic blocks are sections of code that are entered only in the
+beginning and exited only at the end. For example, a conditional jump
+starts a basic block. Basic block profiling usually works by
+E<instrumenting> the code by adding E<enter basic block #nnnn>
+book-keeping code to the generated code. During the execution of the
+code the basic block counters are then updated appropriately. The
+caveat is that the added extra code can skew the results: again, the
+profiling tools usually try to factor their own effects out of the
+results.
+
=head2 Gprof Profiling
-gprof is a profiling tool available in many UNIX platforms.
-The profiling is based on statistical time-sampling; this means that
-some routines, especially those executing really fast, may be missed.
+gprof is a profiling tool available in many UNIX platforms,
+it uses F<statistical time-sampling>.
You can build a profiled version of perl called "perl.gprof" by
-invoking the make target "perl.gprof". Running the profiled version
-of Perl will create an output file called F<gmon.out> is created which
-contains the profiling data collected during the execution.
+invoking the make target "perl.gprof" (What is required is that Perl
+must be compiled using the C<-pg> flag, you may need to re-Configure).
+Running the profiled version of Perl will create an output file called
+F<gmon.out> is created which contains the profiling data collected
+during the execution.
The gprof tool can then display the collected data in various ways.
Usually gprof understands the following options:
For more detailed explanation of the available commands and output
formats, see your own local documentation of gprof.
+=head2 GCC gcov Profiling
+
+Starting from GCC 3.0 E<basic block profiling> is officially available
+for the GNU CC.
+
+You can build a profiled version of perl called F<perl.gcov> by
+invoking the make target "perl.gcov" (what is required that Perl must
+be compiled using gcc with the flags C<-fprofile-arcs
+-ftest-coverage>, you may need to re-Configure).
+
+Running the profiled version of Perl will cause profile output to be
+generated. For each source file an accompanying ".da" file will be
+created.
+
+To display the results you use the "gcov" utility (which should
+be installed if you have gcc 3.0 or newer installed). F<gcov> is
+run on source code files, like this
+
+ gcov sv.c
+
+which will cause F<sv.c.gcov> to be created. The F<.gcov> files
+contain the source code annotated with relative frequencies of
+execution indicated by "#" markers.
+
+Useful options of F<gcov> include C<-b> which will summarise the
+basic block, branch, and function call coverage, and C<-c> which
+instead of relative frequencies will use the actual counts. For
+more information on the use of F<gcov> and basic block profiling
+with gcc, see the latest GNU CC manual, as of GCC 3.0 see
+
+ http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-3.0/gcc.html
+
+and its section titled "8. gcov: a Test Coverage Program"
+
+ http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-3.0/gcc_8.html#SEC132
+
=head2 Pixie Profiling
-Pixie is a profiling tool available on IRIX and Tru64
-(aka Digital UNIX aka DEC OSF/1) platforms. Pixie does its profiling
-using "basic-block counting". A basic block is a program region that
-is entered only at the beginning and exited only at the end.
+Pixie is a profiling tool available on IRIX and Tru64 (aka Digital
+UNIX aka DEC OSF/1) platforms. Pixie does its profiling using
+E<basic-block counting>.
You can build a profiled version of perl called F<perl.pixie> by
-invoking the make target "perl.pixie" (in Tru64 a file called
-F<perl.Addrs> will also be silently created, this file contains the
-addresses of the basic blocks). Running the profiled version of Perl
-will create a new file called "perl.Counts" which contains the counts
-for the basic block for that particular program execution.
+invoking the make target "perl.pixie" (what is required is that Perl
+must be compiled using the C<-g> flag, you may need to re-Configure).
+
+In Tru64 a file called F<perl.Addrs> will also be silently created,
+this file contains the addresses of the basic blocks. Running the
+profiled version of Perl will create a new file called "perl.Counts"
+which contains the counts for the basic block for that particular
+program execution.
-To display the results you must use the "prof" utility. The exact
+To display the results you use the F<prof> utility. The exact
incantation depends on your operating system, "prof perl.Counts" in
IRIX, and "prof -pixie -all -L. perl" in Tru64.
attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant,
diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, locale, open, ops, overload,
-re, sigtrap, strict, subs, unicode::distinct, utf8, vars, warnings,
-warnings::register
+re, sigtrap, strict, subs, utf8, vars, warnings, warnings::register
=item Standard Modules
Socket, Storable, Switch, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap,
Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Harness, Test::More,
Test::Simple, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords,
-Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash,
-Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime,
-Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, UnicodeCD, User::grent, User::pwent,
-Win32
+Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread, Thread::Queue,
+Thread::Semaphore, Thread::Signal, Thread::Specific, Tie::Array,
+Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash,
+Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, UnicodeCD,
+User::grent, User::pwent, Win32
=item Extension Modules
=item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
+=item Profiling
+
=item Gprof Profiling
-a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
+=item GCC gcov Profiling
+
=item Pixie Profiling
-h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
=item Acknowledgements
-=item Author
+=item Authors
=item Date
projects / p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git / commitdiff