You may see the term C<invariant> character or code point.
This simply means that the character has the same numeric
value when encoded as when not.
-(Note that this is a very different concept from L<The /13 variant characters>
+(Note that this is a very different concept from L</The 13 variant characters>
mentioned above.)
For example, the ordinal value of 'A' is 193 in most EBCDIC code pages,
and also is 193 when encoded in UTF-EBCDIC.
If strings operating under byte semantics and strings with Unicode
character data are concatenated, the new string will have
-character semantics. This can cause surprises: See <L/BUGS>, below
+character semantics. This can cause surprises: See L</BUGS>, below
Under character semantics, many operations that formerly operated on
bytes now operate on characters. A character in Perl is