--- /dev/null
+=head1 NAME
+
+perlreref - Perl Regular Expressions Reference
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+This is a quick reference to Perl's regular expressions.
+For full information see L<perlre> and L<perlop>, as well
+as the L<references|/"SEE ALSO"> section in this document.
+
+=head1 OPERATORS
+
+ =~ determines to which variable the regex is applied.
+ In its absence, C<$_> is used.
+
+ $var =~ /foo/;
+
+ m/pattern/igmsoxc searches a string for a pattern match,
+ applying the given options.
+
+ i case-Insensitive
+ g Global - all occurrences
+ m Multiline mode - ^ and $ match internal lines
+ s match as a Single line - . matches \n
+ o compile pattern Once
+ x eXtended legibility - free whitespace and comments
+ c don't reset pos on fails when using /g
+
+ If C<pattern> is an empty string, the last I<successfully> match
+ regex is used. Delimiters other than C</> may be used for both this
+ operator and the following ones.
+
+ qr/pattern/imsox lets you store a regex in a variable,
+ or pass one around. Modifiers as for C<m//> and are stored
+ within the regex.
+
+ s/pattern/replacement/igmsoxe substitutes matches of
+ C<pattern> with C<replacement>. Modifiers as for C<m//>
+ with addition of C<e>:
+
+ e Evaluate replacement as an expression
+
+ 'e' may be specified multiple times. 'replacement' is interpreted
+ as a double quoted string unless a single-quote (') is the delimiter.
+
+ ?pattern? is like C<m/pattern/> but matches only once. No alternate
+ delimiters can be used. Must be reset with 'reset'.
+
+=head1 SYNTAX
+
+ \ Escapes the character(s) immediately following it
+ . Matches any single character except a newline (unless /s is used)
+ ^ Matches at the beginning of the string (or line, if /m is used)
+ $ Matches at the end of the string (or line, if /m is used)
+ * Matches the preceding element 0 or more times
+ + Matches the preceding element 1 or more times
+ ? Matches the preceding element 0 or 1 times
+ {...} Specifies a range of occurrences for the element preceding it
+ [...] Matches any one of the characters contained within the brackets
+ (...) Groups regular expressions
+ | Matches either the expression preceding or following it
+ \1, \2 ... The text from the Nth group
+
+=head2 ESCAPE SEQUENCES
+
+These work as in normal strings.
+
+ \a Alarm (beep)
+ \e Escape
+ \f Formfeed
+ \n Newline
+ \r Carriage return
+ \t Tab
+ \038 Any octal ASCII value
+ \x7f Any hexadecimal ASCII value
+ \x{263a} A wide hexadecimal value
+ \cx Control-x
+ \N{name} A named character
+
+ \l Lowercase until next character
+ \u Uppercase until next character
+ \L Lowercase until \E
+ \U Uppercase until \E
+ \Q Disable pattern metacharacters until \E
+ \E End case modification
+
+This one works differently from normal strings:
+
+ \b An assertion, not backspace, except in a character class
+
+=head2 CHARACTER CLASSES
+
+ [amy] Match 'a', 'm' or 'y'
+ [f-j] Dash specifies "range"
+ [f-j-] Dash escaped or at start or end means 'dash'
+ [^f-j] Caret indicates "match char any _except_ these"
+
+The following work within or without a character class:
+
+ \d A digit, same as [0-9]
+ \D A nondigit, same as [^0-9]
+ \w A word character (alphanumeric), same as [a-zA-Z_0-9]
+ \W A non-word character, [^a-zA-Z_0-9]
+ \s A whitespace character, same as [ \t\n\r\f]
+ \S A non-whitespace character, [^ \t\n\r\f]
+ \C Match a byte (with Unicode. '.' matches char)
+ \pP Match P-named (Unicode) property
+ \p{...} Match Unicode property with long name
+ \PP Match non-P
+ \P{...} Match lack of Unicode property with long name
+ \X Match extended unicode sequence
+
+POSIX character classes and their Unicode and Perl equivalents:
+
+ alnum IsAlnum Alphanumeric
+ alpha IsAlpha Alphabetic
+ ascii IsASCII Any ASCII char
+ blank IsSpace [ \t] Horizontal whitespace (GNU)
+ cntrl IsCntrl Control characters
+ digit IsDigit \d Digits
+ graph IsGraph Alphanumeric and punctuation
+ lower IsLower Lowercase chars (locale aware)
+ print IsPrint Alphanumeric, punct, and space
+ punct IsPunct Punctuation
+ space IsSpace [\s\ck] Whitespace
+ IsSpacePerl \s Perl's whitespace definition
+ upper IsUpper Uppercase chars (locale aware)
+ word IsWord \w Alphanumeric plus _ (Perl)
+ xdigit IsXDigit [\dA-Fa-f] Hexadecimal digit
+
+Within a character class:
+
+ POSIX traditional Unicode
+ [:digit:] \d \p{IsDigit}
+ [:^digit:] \D \P{IsDigit}
+
+=head2 ANCHORS
+
+All are zero-width assertions.
+
+ ^ Match string start (or line, if /m is used)
+ $ Match string end (or line, if /m is used) or before newline
+ \b Match word boundary (between \w and \W)
+ \B Match except at word boundary
+ \A Match string start (regardless of /m)
+ \Z Match string end (preceding optional newline)
+ \z Match absolute string end
+ \G Match where previous m//g left off
+ \c Suppresses resetting of search position when used with /g.
+ Without \c, search pattern is reset to the beginning of the string
+
+=head2 QUANTIFIERS
+
+Quantifiers are greedy by default --- match the B<longest> leftmost.
+
+ Maximal Minimal Allowed range
+ ------- ------- -------------
+ {n,m} {n,m}? Must occur at least n times but no more than m times
+ {n,} {n,}? Must occur at least n times
+ {n} {n}? Must match exactly n times
+ * *? 0 or more times (same as {0,})
+ + +? 1 or more times (same as {1,})
+ ? ?? 0 or 1 time (same as {0,1})
+
+=head2 EXTENDED CONSTRUCTS
+
+ (?#text) A comment
+ (?:...) Cluster without capturing
+ (?imxs-imsx:...) Enable/disable option (as per m//)
+ (?=...) Zero-width positive lookahead assertion
+ (?!...) Zero-width negative lookahead assertion
+ (?<...) Zero-width positive lookbehind assertion
+ (?<!...) Zero-width negative lookbehind assertion
+ (?>...) Grab what we can, prohibit backtracking
+ (?{ code }) Embedded code, return value becomes $^R
+ (??{ code }) Dynamic regex, return value used as regex
+ (?(cond)yes|no) cond being int corresponding to capturing parens
+ (?(cond)yes) or a lookaround/eval zero-width assertion
+
+=head1 VARIABLES
+
+ $_ Default variable for operators to use
+ $* Enable multiline matching (deprecated; not in 5.8.1+)
+
+ $& Entire matched string
+ $` Everything prior to matched string
+ $' Everything after to matched string
+
+The use of those last three will slow down B<all> regex use
+within your program. Consult L<perlvar> for C<@LAST_MATCH_START>
+to see equivalent expressions that won't cause slow down.
+See also L<Devel::SawAmpersand>.
+
+ $1, $2 ... hold the Xth captured expr
+ $+ Last parenthesized pattern match
+ $^N Holds the most recently closed capture
+ $^R Holds the result of the last (?{...}) expr
+ @- Offsets of starts of groups. [0] holds start of whole match
+ @+ Offsets of ends of groups. [0] holds end of whole match
+
+Capture groups are numbered according to their I<opening> paren.
+
+=head1 FUNCTIONS
+
+ lc Lowercase a string
+ lcfirst Lowercase first char of a string
+ uc Uppercase a string
+ ucfirst Titlecase first char of a string
+ pos Return or set current match position
+ quotemeta Quote metacharacters
+ reset Reset ?pattern? status
+ study Analyze string for optimizing matching
+
+ split Use regex to split a string into parts
+
+=head1 AUTHOR
+
+Iain Truskett.
+
+This document may be distributed under the same terms as Perl itself.
+
+=head1 SEE ALSO
+
+=over 4
+
+=item *
+
+L<perlretut> for a tutorial on regular expressions.
+
+=item *
+
+L<perlrequick> for a rapid tutorial.
+
+=item *
+
+L<perlre> for more details.
+
+=item *
+
+L<perlvar> for details on the variables.
+
+=item *
+
+L<perlop> for details on the operators.
+
+=item *
+
+L<perlfunc> for details on the functions.
+
+=item *
+
+L<perlfaq6> for FAQs on regular expressions.
+
+=item *
+
+The L<re> module to alter behaviour and aid
+debugging.
+
+=item *
+
+L<perldebug/"Debugging regular expressions">
+
+=item *
+
+L<perluniintro>, L<perlunicode>, L<charnames> and L<locale>
+for details on regexes and internationalisation.
+
+=item *
+
+I<Mastering Regular Expressions> by Jeffrey Friedl
+(F<http://regex.info/>) for a thorough grounding and
+reference on the topic.
+
+=back
+
+=head1 THANKS
+
+David P.C. Wollmann,
+Richard Soderberg,
+Sean M. Burke,
+Tom Christiansen,
+and
+Jeffrey Goff
+for useful advice.
=back
+=head2 perlreref - Perl Regular Expressions Reference
+
+=over 4
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=item OPERATORS
+
+=item SYNTAX
+
+=over 4
+
+=item ESCAPE SEQUENCES
+
+=item CHARACTER CLASSES
+
+=item ANCHORS
+
+=item QUANTIFIERS
+
+=item EXTENDED CONSTRUCTS
+
+=back
+
+=item VARIABLES
+
+=item FUNCTIONS
+
+=item AUTHOR
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=item THANKS
+
+=back
+
=head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
=over 4
=back
-=item Native threads
-
=item What kind of threads are Perl threads?
=item Thread-Safe Modules
=item Creating Threads
-=item Giving up control
-
=item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
=item Ignoring A Thread
=item cond_wait() and cond_signal()
+=item Giving up control
+
=back
=item General Thread Utility Routines
=item A Complete Example
+=item Different implementations of threads
+
=item Performance considerations
=item Process-scope Changes
AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
-B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie,
-CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util, CPAN,
-CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA, Class::Struct,
-Config, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Data::Dumper, Devel::DProf, Devel::PPPort,
-Devel::Peek, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, Digest::MD5, DirHandle, Dumpvalue,
-DynaLoader, Encode, Encode::Alias, Encode::Byte, Encode::CJKConstants,
-Encode::CN, Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::Config, Encode::EBCDIC,
-Encode::Encoder, Encode::Encoding, Encode::Guess, Encode::JP,
-Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR,
-Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::PerlIO, Encode::Supported, Encode::Symbol,
-Encode::TW, Encode::Unicode, Encode::Unicode::UTF7, English, Env, Errno,
-Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM,
-ExtUtils::Constant, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install,
-ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_Any,
-ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_DOS,
-ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_UWIN,
-ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
+B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
+CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
+CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
+Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Data::Dumper, Devel::DProf,
+Devel::PPPort, Devel::Peek, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, Digest::MD5,
+DirHandle, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, Encode, Encode::Alias, Encode::Byte,
+Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CN, Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::Config,
+Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Encoder, Encode::Encoding, Encode::Guess,
+Encode::JP, Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::KR,
+Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::PerlIO,
+Encode::Supported, Encode::Symbol, Encode::TW, Encode::Unicode,
+Encode::Unicode::UTF7, English, Env, Errno, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy,
+ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM, ExtUtils::Constant,
+ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist,
+ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_Any, ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin,
+ExtUtils::MM_DOS, ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2,
+ExtUtils::MM_UWIN, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker,
ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial,
ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish,
=back
-=head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.20 $,
-$Date: 2003/01/26 17:50:56 $)
+=head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.21 $,
+$Date: 2003/07/30 05:48:24 $)
=over 4
=item Implementing PerlIO Layers
+C implementations, Perl implementations
+
=item Core Layers
"unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
special_targets
-POD2MAN_EXE_macro
+POD2MAN_macro
test_via_harness
=back
+=head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
+
+=over 4
+
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+=back
+
=head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
=over 4
gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
$interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
-alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer,
-getitimer ( $which )
+alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer (
+$which, $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), getitimer (
+$which )
=item EXAMPLES
projects / p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git / commitdiff