print $$$$refrefref;
=item 2.
-X<${}> X<@{}> X<%{}>
Anywhere you'd put an identifier (or chain of identifiers) as part of a
variable or subroutine name, you can replace the identifier with a
it's presumably referencing. That would be case 3.
=item 3.
-X<autovivification> X<< -> >> X<arrow>
Subroutine calls and lookups of individual array elements arise often
enough that it gets cumbersome to use method 2. As a form of
to grow its arrays on demand. Perl does.
=item 4.
-X<encapsulation>
If a reference happens to be a reference to an object, then there are
probably methods to access the things referred to, and you should probably