X-Git-Url: http://git.shadowcat.co.uk/gitweb/gitweb.cgi?a=blobdiff_plain;f=regcomp.c;h=05b54ee0124988d47ef1f92a9251ca88b2188f51;hb=c762d24b2c953a47d439fb0fc6f1b9966169fe00;hp=441d762e6e2742456d3736308a387696b2519b5b;hpb=bd94e8870784246bb7caab6a441839b05491de37;p=p5sagit%2Fp5-mst-13.2.git

diff --git a/regcomp.c b/regcomp.c
index 441d762..05b54ee 100644
--- a/regcomp.c
+++ b/regcomp.c
@@ -102,6 +102,7 @@
 typedef struct RExC_state_t {
     U32		flags;			/* are we folding, multilining? */
     char	*precomp;		/* uncompiled string. */
+    REGEXP	*rx_sv;			/* The SV that is the regexp. */
     regexp	*rx;                    /* perl core regexp structure */
     regexp_internal	*rxi;           /* internal data for regexp object pprivate field */        
     char	*start;			/* Start of input for compile */
@@ -149,6 +150,7 @@ typedef struct RExC_state_t {
 
 #define RExC_flags	(pRExC_state->flags)
 #define RExC_precomp	(pRExC_state->precomp)
+#define RExC_rx_sv	(pRExC_state->rx_sv)
 #define RExC_rx		(pRExC_state->rx)
 #define RExC_rxi	(pRExC_state->rxi)
 #define RExC_start	(pRExC_state->start)
@@ -389,7 +391,7 @@ static const scan_data_t zero_scan_data =
     IV len = RExC_end - RExC_precomp;					\
 									\
     if (!SIZE_ONLY)							\
-	SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(clear_re,(void*)RExC_rx);			\
+	SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(clear_re,(void*)RExC_rx_sv);			\
     if (len > RegexLengthToShowInErrorMessages) {			\
 	/* chop 10 shorter than the max, to ensure meaning of "..." */	\
 	len = RegexLengthToShowInErrorMessages - 10;			\
@@ -420,7 +422,7 @@ static const scan_data_t zero_scan_data =
  */
 #define	vFAIL(m) STMT_START {				\
     if (!SIZE_ONLY)					\
-	SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(clear_re,(void*)RExC_rx);	\
+	SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(clear_re,(void*)RExC_rx_sv);	\
     Simple_vFAIL(m);					\
 } STMT_END
 
@@ -438,7 +440,7 @@ static const scan_data_t zero_scan_data =
  */
 #define	vFAIL2(m,a1) STMT_START {			\
     if (!SIZE_ONLY)					\
-	SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(clear_re,(void*)RExC_rx);	\
+	SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(clear_re,(void*)RExC_rx_sv);	\
     Simple_vFAIL2(m, a1);				\
 } STMT_END
 
@@ -457,7 +459,7 @@ static const scan_data_t zero_scan_data =
  */
 #define	vFAIL3(m,a1,a2) STMT_START {			\
     if (!SIZE_ONLY)					\
-	SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(clear_re,(void*)RExC_rx);	\
+	SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(clear_re,(void*)RExC_rx_sv);	\
     Simple_vFAIL3(m, a1, a2);				\
 } STMT_END
 
@@ -630,6 +632,8 @@ S_scan_commit(pTHX_ const RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, scan_data_t *data, I32 *min
     const STRLEN old_l = CHR_SVLEN(*data->longest);
     GET_RE_DEBUG_FLAGS_DECL;
 
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_SCAN_COMMIT;
+
     if ((l >= old_l) && ((l > old_l) || (data->flags & SF_BEFORE_EOL))) {
 	SvSetMagicSV(*data->longest, data->last_found);
 	if (*data->longest == data->longest_fixed) {
@@ -676,6 +680,8 @@ S_scan_commit(pTHX_ const RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, scan_data_t *data, I32 *min
 STATIC void
 S_cl_anything(const RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, struct regnode_charclass_class *cl)
 {
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CL_ANYTHING;
+
     ANYOF_CLASS_ZERO(cl);
     ANYOF_BITMAP_SETALL(cl);
     cl->flags = ANYOF_EOS|ANYOF_UNICODE_ALL;
@@ -689,6 +695,8 @@ S_cl_is_anything(const struct regnode_charclass_class *cl)
 {
     int value;
 
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CL_IS_ANYTHING;
+
     for (value = 0; value <= ANYOF_MAX; value += 2)
 	if (ANYOF_CLASS_TEST(cl, value) && ANYOF_CLASS_TEST(cl, value + 1))
 	    return 1;
@@ -703,6 +711,8 @@ S_cl_is_anything(const struct regnode_charclass_class *cl)
 STATIC void
 S_cl_init(const RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, struct regnode_charclass_class *cl)
 {
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CL_INIT;
+
     Zero(cl, 1, struct regnode_charclass_class);
     cl->type = ANYOF;
     cl_anything(pRExC_state, cl);
@@ -711,6 +721,8 @@ S_cl_init(const RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, struct regnode_charclass_class *cl)
 STATIC void
 S_cl_init_zero(const RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, struct regnode_charclass_class *cl)
 {
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CL_INIT_ZERO;
+
     Zero(cl, 1, struct regnode_charclass_class);
     cl->type = ANYOF;
     cl_anything(pRExC_state, cl);
@@ -724,6 +736,7 @@ STATIC void
 S_cl_and(struct regnode_charclass_class *cl,
 	const struct regnode_charclass_class *and_with)
 {
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CL_AND;
 
     assert(and_with->type == ANYOF);
     if (!(and_with->flags & ANYOF_CLASS)
@@ -762,6 +775,8 @@ S_cl_and(struct regnode_charclass_class *cl,
 STATIC void
 S_cl_or(const RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, struct regnode_charclass_class *cl, const struct regnode_charclass_class *or_with)
 {
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CL_OR;
+
     if (or_with->flags & ANYOF_INVERT) {
 	/* We do not use
 	 * (B1 | CL1) | (!B2 & !CL2) = (B1 | !B2 & !CL2) | (CL1 | (!B2 & !CL2))
@@ -853,6 +868,7 @@ S_dump_trie(pTHX_ const struct _reg_trie_data *trie, HV *widecharmap,
     int colwidth= widecharmap ? 6 : 4;
     GET_RE_DEBUG_FLAGS_DECL;
 
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DUMP_TRIE;
 
     PerlIO_printf( Perl_debug_log, "%*sChar : %-6s%-6s%-4s ",
         (int)depth * 2 + 2,"",
@@ -935,6 +951,9 @@ S_dump_trie_interim_list(pTHX_ const struct _reg_trie_data *trie,
     SV *sv=sv_newmortal();
     int colwidth= widecharmap ? 6 : 4;
     GET_RE_DEBUG_FLAGS_DECL;
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DUMP_TRIE_INTERIM_LIST;
+
     /* print out the table precompression.  */
     PerlIO_printf( Perl_debug_log, "%*sState :Word | Transition Data\n%*s%s",
         (int)depth * 2 + 2,"", (int)depth * 2 + 2,"",
@@ -990,6 +1009,8 @@ S_dump_trie_interim_table(pTHX_ const struct _reg_trie_data *trie,
     SV *sv=sv_newmortal();
     int colwidth= widecharmap ? 6 : 4;
     GET_RE_DEBUG_FLAGS_DECL;
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DUMP_TRIE_INTERIM_TABLE;
     
     /*
        print out the table precompression so that we can do a visual check
@@ -1163,11 +1184,19 @@ is the recommended Unicode-aware way of saying
 
 #define TRIE_STORE_REVCHAR                                                 \
     STMT_START {                                                           \
-	SV *tmp = newSVpvs("");                                            \
-	if (UTF) SvUTF8_on(tmp);                                           \
-	Perl_sv_catpvf( aTHX_ tmp, "%c", (int)uvc );                       \
-	av_push( revcharmap, tmp );                                        \
-    } STMT_END
+	if (UTF) {							   \
+	    SV *zlopp = newSV(2);					   \
+	    unsigned char *flrbbbbb = (unsigned char *) SvPVX(zlopp);	   \
+	    unsigned const char *const kapow = uvuni_to_utf8(flrbbbbb, uvc & 0xFF); \
+	    SvCUR_set(zlopp, kapow - flrbbbbb);				   \
+	    SvPOK_on(zlopp);						   \
+	    SvUTF8_on(zlopp);						   \
+	    av_push(revcharmap, zlopp);					   \
+	} else {							   \
+	    char ooooff = (char)uvc;					   	   \
+	    av_push(revcharmap, newSVpvn(&ooooff, 1));			   \
+	}								   \
+        } STMT_END
 
 #define TRIE_READ_CHAR STMT_START {                                           \
     wordlen++;                                                                \
@@ -1222,10 +1251,9 @@ is the recommended Unicode-aware way of saying
         /* store the word for dumping */                        \
         SV* tmp;                                                \
         if (OP(noper) != NOTHING)                               \
-            tmp = newSVpvn(STRING(noper), STR_LEN(noper));      \
+            tmp = newSVpvn_utf8(STRING(noper), STR_LEN(noper), UTF);	\
         else                                                    \
-            tmp = newSVpvn( "", 0 );                            \
-        if ( UTF ) SvUTF8_on( tmp );                            \
+            tmp = newSVpvn_utf8( "", 0, UTF );			\
         av_push( trie_words, tmp );                             \
     });                                                         \
                                                                 \
@@ -1310,6 +1338,8 @@ S_make_trie(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *startbranch, regnode *firs
 #endif
     SV *re_trie_maxbuff;
     GET_RE_DEBUG_FLAGS_DECL;
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MAKE_TRIE;
 #ifndef DEBUGGING
     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(depth);
 #endif
@@ -1405,7 +1435,20 @@ S_make_trie(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *startbranch, regnode *firs
                     /* store the codepoint in the bitmap, and if its ascii
                        also store its folded equivelent. */
                     TRIE_BITMAP_SET(trie,uvc);
-                    if ( folder ) TRIE_BITMAP_SET(trie,folder[ uvc ]);
+
+		    /* store the folded codepoint */
+		    if ( folder ) TRIE_BITMAP_SET(trie,folder[ uvc ]);
+
+		    if ( !UTF ) {
+			/* store first byte of utf8 representation of
+			   codepoints in the 127 < uvc < 256 range */
+			if (127 < uvc && uvc < 192) {
+			    TRIE_BITMAP_SET(trie,194);
+			} else if (191 < uvc ) {
+			    TRIE_BITMAP_SET(trie,195);
+			/* && uvc < 256 -- we know uvc is < 256 already */
+			}
+		    }
                     set_bit = 0; /* We've done our bit :-) */
                 }
             } else {
@@ -2003,24 +2046,35 @@ S_make_trie(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *startbranch, regnode *firs
                 trie->startstate = state;
                 trie->minlen -= (state - 1);
                 trie->maxlen -= (state - 1);
-                DEBUG_r({
-                    regnode *fix = convert;
-                    U32 word = trie->wordcount;
-                    mjd_nodelen++;
-                    Set_Node_Offset_Length(convert, mjd_offset, state - 1);
-                    while( ++fix < n ) {
-                        Set_Node_Offset_Length(fix, 0, 0);
-                    }
-                    while (word--) {
-                        SV ** const tmp = av_fetch( trie_words, word, 0 );
-                        if (tmp) {
-                            if ( STR_LEN(convert) <= SvCUR(*tmp) )
-                                sv_chop(*tmp, SvPV_nolen(*tmp) + STR_LEN(convert));
-                            else
-                                sv_chop(*tmp, SvPV_nolen(*tmp) + SvCUR(*tmp));
-                        }
-                    }    
-                });
+#ifdef DEBUGGING
+               /* At least the UNICOS C compiler choked on this
+                * being argument to DEBUG_r(), so let's just have
+                * it right here. */
+               if (
+#ifdef PERL_EXT_RE_BUILD
+                   1
+#else
+                   DEBUG_r_TEST
+#endif
+                   ) {
+                   regnode *fix = convert;
+                   U32 word = trie->wordcount;
+                   mjd_nodelen++;
+                   Set_Node_Offset_Length(convert, mjd_offset, state - 1);
+                   while( ++fix < n ) {
+                       Set_Node_Offset_Length(fix, 0, 0);
+                   }
+                   while (word--) {
+                       SV ** const tmp = av_fetch( trie_words, word, 0 );
+                       if (tmp) {
+                           if ( STR_LEN(convert) <= SvCUR(*tmp) )
+                               sv_chop(*tmp, SvPV_nolen(*tmp) + STR_LEN(convert));
+                           else
+                               sv_chop(*tmp, SvPV_nolen(*tmp) + SvCUR(*tmp));
+                       }
+                   }
+               }
+#endif
                 if (trie->maxlen) {
                     convert = n;
 		} else {
@@ -2130,6 +2184,8 @@ S_make_trie_failtable(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *source,  regnode
     reg_ac_data *aho;
     const U32 data_slot = add_data( pRExC_state, 1, "T" );
     GET_RE_DEBUG_FLAGS_DECL;
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MAKE_TRIE_FAILTABLE;
 #ifndef DEBUGGING
     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(depth);
 #endif
@@ -2246,6 +2302,8 @@ S_join_exact(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *scan, I32 *min, U32 flags
 #else
     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(depth);
 #endif
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_JOIN_EXACT;
 #ifndef EXPERIMENTAL_INPLACESCAN
     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(flags);
     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(val);
@@ -2456,9 +2514,10 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
     regnode *first_non_open = scan;
     I32 stopmin = I32_MAX;
     scan_frame *frame = NULL;
-
     GET_RE_DEBUG_FLAGS_DECL;
 
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_STUDY_CHUNK;
+
 #ifdef DEBUGGING
     StructCopy(&zero_scan_data, &data_fake, scan_data_t);
 #endif
@@ -2759,7 +2818,15 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                                     last = cur;
                                 }
                             } else {
-                                if ( last ) {
+/* 
+    Currently we assume that the trie can handle unicode and ascii
+    matches fold cased matches. If this proves true then the following
+    define will prevent tries in this situation. 
+    
+    #define TRIE_TYPE_IS_SAFE (UTF || optype==EXACT)
+*/
+#define TRIE_TYPE_IS_SAFE 1
+                                if ( last && TRIE_TYPE_IS_SAFE ) {
                                     make_trie( pRExC_state, 
                                             startbranch, first, cur, tail, count, 
                                             optype, depth+1 );
@@ -2787,7 +2854,8 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
                               "", SvPV_nolen_const( mysv ),REG_NODE_NUM(cur));
 
                         });
-                        if ( last ) {
+                        
+                        if ( last && TRIE_TYPE_IS_SAFE ) {
                             made= make_trie( pRExC_state, startbranch, first, scan, tail, count, optype, depth+1 );
 #ifdef TRIE_STUDY_OPT	
                             if ( ((made == MADE_EXACT_TRIE && 
@@ -3277,9 +3345,7 @@ S_study_chunk(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode **scanp,
 			
 			l -= old;
 			/* Get the added string: */
-			last_str = newSVpvn(s  + old, l);
-			if (UTF)
-			    SvUTF8_on(last_str);
+			last_str = newSVpvn_utf8(s  + old, l, UTF);
 			if (deltanext == 0 && pos_before == b) {
 			    /* What was added is a constant string */
 			    if (mincount > 1) {
@@ -4009,6 +4075,8 @@ S_add_data(RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, U32 n, const char *s)
 {
     U32 count = RExC_rxi->data ? RExC_rxi->data->count : 0;
 
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_ADD_DATA;
+
     Renewc(RExC_rxi->data,
 	   sizeof(*RExC_rxi->data) + sizeof(void*) * (count + n - 1),
 	   char, struct reg_data);
@@ -4092,6 +4160,9 @@ Perl_pregcomp(pTHX_ const SV * const pattern, const U32 flags)
 {
     dVAR;
     HV * const table = GvHV(PL_hintgv);
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PREGCOMP;
+
     /* Dispatch a request to compile a regexp to correct 
        regexp engine. */
     if (table) {
@@ -4111,10 +4182,11 @@ Perl_pregcomp(pTHX_ const SV * const pattern, const U32 flags)
 #endif
 
 REGEXP *
-Perl_re_compile(pTHX_ const SV * const pattern, const U32 pm_flags)
+Perl_re_compile(pTHX_ const SV * const pattern, U32 pm_flags)
 {
     dVAR;
-    register REGEXP *r;
+    REGEXP *rx;
+    struct regexp *r;
     register regexp_internal *ri;
     STRLEN plen;
     char*  exp = SvPV((SV*)pattern, plen);
@@ -4132,9 +4204,12 @@ Perl_re_compile(pTHX_ const SV * const pattern, const U32 pm_flags)
     RExC_state_t copyRExC_state;
 #endif    
     GET_RE_DEBUG_FLAGS_DECL;
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_RE_COMPILE;
+
     DEBUG_r(if (!PL_colorset) reginitcolors());
 
-    RExC_utf8 = RExC_orig_utf8 = pm_flags & RXf_UTF8;
+    RExC_utf8 = RExC_orig_utf8 = SvUTF8(pattern);
 
     DEBUG_COMPILE_r({
         SV *dsv= sv_newmortal();
@@ -4223,7 +4298,8 @@ redo_first_pass:
     /* Allocate space and zero-initialize. Note, the two step process 
        of zeroing when in debug mode, thus anything assigned has to 
        happen after that */
-    Newxz(r, 1, regexp);
+    rx = (REGEXP*) newSV_type(SVt_REGEXP);
+    r = (struct regexp*)SvANY(rx);
     Newxc(ri, sizeof(regexp_internal) + (unsigned)RExC_size * sizeof(regnode),
 	 char, regexp_internal);
     if ( r == NULL || ri == NULL )
@@ -4239,22 +4315,23 @@ redo_first_pass:
     /* non-zero initialization begins here */
     RXi_SET( r, ri );
     r->engine= RE_ENGINE_PTR;
-    r->refcnt = 1;
-    r->prelen = plen;
     r->extflags = pm_flags;
     {
         bool has_p     = ((r->extflags & RXf_PMf_KEEPCOPY) == RXf_PMf_KEEPCOPY);
 	bool has_minus = ((r->extflags & RXf_PMf_STD_PMMOD) != RXf_PMf_STD_PMMOD);
 	bool has_runon = ((RExC_seen & REG_SEEN_RUN_ON_COMMENT)==REG_SEEN_RUN_ON_COMMENT);
-	U16 reganch = (U16)((r->extflags & RXf_PMf_STD_PMMOD) >> 12);
+	U16 reganch = (U16)((r->extflags & RXf_PMf_STD_PMMOD)
+			    >> RXf_PMf_STD_PMMOD_SHIFT);
 	const char *fptr = STD_PAT_MODS;        /*"msix"*/
 	char *p;
-        r->wraplen = r->prelen + has_minus + has_p + has_runon
+	const STRLEN wraplen = plen + has_minus + has_p + has_runon
             + (sizeof(STD_PAT_MODS) - 1)
             + (sizeof("(?:)") - 1);
 
-        Newx(r->wrapped, r->wraplen + 1, char );
-        p = r->wrapped;
+	p = sv_grow((SV *)rx, wraplen + 1);
+	SvCUR_set(rx, wraplen);
+	SvPOK_on(rx);
+	SvFLAGS(rx) |= SvUTF8(pattern);
         *p++='('; *p++='?';
         if (has_p)
             *p++ = KEEPCOPY_PAT_MOD; /*'p'*/
@@ -4277,9 +4354,10 @@ redo_first_pass:
         }
 
         *p++ = ':';
-        Copy(RExC_precomp, p, r->prelen, char);
-        r->precomp = p;
-        p += r->prelen;
+        Copy(RExC_precomp, p, plen, char);
+	assert ((RX_WRAPPED(rx) - p) < 16);
+	r->pre_prefix = p - RX_WRAPPED(rx);
+        p += plen;
         if (has_runon)
             *p++ = '\n';
         *p++ = ')';
@@ -4305,6 +4383,7 @@ redo_first_pass:
                           (UV)((2*RExC_size+1) * sizeof(U32))));
 #endif
     SetProgLen(ri,RExC_size);
+    RExC_rx_sv = rx;
     RExC_rx = r;
     RExC_rxi = ri;
 
@@ -4322,7 +4401,7 @@ redo_first_pass:
     RExC_rx->seen_evals = RExC_seen_evals;
     REGC((U8)REG_MAGIC, (char*) RExC_emit++);
     if (reg(pRExC_state, 0, &flags,1) == NULL) {
-	ReREFCNT_dec(r);   
+	ReREFCNT_dec(rx);   
 	return(NULL);
     }
     /* XXXX To minimize changes to RE engine we always allocate
@@ -4338,7 +4417,10 @@ reStudy:
     Zero(r->substrs, 1, struct reg_substr_data);
 
 #ifdef TRIE_STUDY_OPT
-    if ( restudied ) {
+    if (!restudied) {
+        StructCopy(&zero_scan_data, &data, scan_data_t);
+        copyRExC_state = RExC_state;
+    } else {
         U32 seen=RExC_seen;
         DEBUG_OPTIMISE_r(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"Restudying\n"));
         
@@ -4353,9 +4435,6 @@ reStudy:
 	    SvREFCNT_dec(data.last_found);
 	}
 	StructCopy(&zero_scan_data, &data, scan_data_t);
-    } else {
-        StructCopy(&zero_scan_data, &data, scan_data_t);
-        copyRExC_state = RExC_state;
     }
 #else
     StructCopy(&zero_scan_data, &data, scan_data_t);
@@ -4366,7 +4445,7 @@ reStudy:
     /*dmq: removed as part of de-PMOP: pm->op_pmflags = RExC_flags; */
  
     if (UTF)
-        r->extflags |= RXf_UTF8;	/* Unicode in it? */
+	SvUTF8_on(rx);	/* Unicode in it? */
     ri->regstclass = NULL;
     if (RExC_naughty >= 10)	/* Probably an expensive pattern. */
 	r->intflags |= PREGf_NAUGHTY;
@@ -4383,7 +4462,17 @@ reStudy:
         regnode *first= scan;
         regnode *first_next= regnext(first);
 	
-	/* Skip introductions and multiplicators >= 1. */
+	/*
+	 * Skip introductions and multiplicators >= 1
+	 * so that we can extract the 'meat' of the pattern that must 
+	 * match in the large if() sequence following.
+	 * NOTE that EXACT is NOT covered here, as it is normally
+	 * picked up by the optimiser separately. 
+	 *
+	 * This is unfortunate as the optimiser isnt handling lookahead
+	 * properly currently.
+	 *
+	 */
 	while ((OP(first) == OPEN && (sawopen = 1)) ||
 	       /* An OR of *one* alternative - should not happen now. */
 	    (OP(first) == BRANCH && OP(first_next) != BRANCH) ||
@@ -4395,16 +4484,17 @@ reStudy:
 	    (PL_regkind[OP(first)] == CURLY && ARG1(first) > 0) ||
 	    (OP(first) == NOTHING && PL_regkind[OP(first_next)] != END ))
 	{
-	        
+		/* 
+		 * the only op that could be a regnode is PLUS, all the rest
+		 * will be regnode_1 or regnode_2.
+		 *
+		 */
 		if (OP(first) == PLUS)
 		    sawplus = 1;
 		else
 		    first += regarglen[OP(first)];
-		if (OP(first) == IFMATCH) {
-		    first = NEXTOPER(first);
-		    first += EXTRA_STEP_2ARGS;
-		} else  /* XXX possible optimisation for /(?=)/  */
-		    first = NEXTOPER(first);
+		
+		first = NEXTOPER(first);
 		first_next= regnext(first);
 	}
 
@@ -4748,22 +4838,22 @@ reStudy:
     if (RExC_seen & REG_SEEN_CUTGROUP)
 	r->intflags |= PREGf_CUTGROUP_SEEN;
     if (RExC_paren_names)
-        r->paren_names = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(RExC_paren_names);
+        RXp_PAREN_NAMES(r) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(RExC_paren_names);
     else
-        r->paren_names = NULL;
+        RXp_PAREN_NAMES(r) = NULL;
 
 #ifdef STUPID_PATTERN_CHECKS            
-    if (r->prelen == 0)
+    if (RX_PRELEN(rx) == 0)
         r->extflags |= RXf_NULL;
-    if (r->extflags & RXf_SPLIT && r->prelen == 1 && r->precomp[0] == ' ')
+    if (r->extflags & RXf_SPLIT && RX_PRELEN(rx) == 1 && RX_PRECOMP(rx)[0] == ' ')
         /* XXX: this should happen BEFORE we compile */
         r->extflags |= (RXf_SKIPWHITE|RXf_WHITE); 
-    else if (r->prelen == 3 && memEQ("\\s+", r->precomp, 3))
+    else if (RX_PRELEN(rx) == 3 && memEQ("\\s+", RX_PRECOMP(rx), 3))
         r->extflags |= RXf_WHITE;
-    else if (r->prelen == 1 && r->precomp[0] == '^')
+    else if (RX_PRELEN(rx) == 1 && RXp_PRECOMP(rx)[0] == '^')
         r->extflags |= RXf_START_ONLY;
 #else
-    if (r->extflags & RXf_SPLIT && r->prelen == 1 && r->precomp[0] == ' ')
+    if (r->extflags & RXf_SPLIT && RX_PRELEN(rx) == 1 && RX_PRECOMP(rx)[0] == ' ')
             /* XXX: this should happen BEFORE we compile */
             r->extflags |= (RXf_SKIPWHITE|RXf_WHITE); 
     else {
@@ -4814,7 +4904,7 @@ reStudy:
         PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "\n");
     });
 #endif
-    return(r);
+    return rx;
 }
 
 #undef RE_ENGINE_PTR
@@ -4824,6 +4914,8 @@ SV*
 Perl_reg_named_buff(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, SV * const key, SV * const value,
                     const U32 flags)
 {
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REG_NAMED_BUFF;
+
     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(value);
 
     if (flags & RXapif_FETCH) {
@@ -4849,6 +4941,7 @@ SV*
 Perl_reg_named_buff_iter(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, const SV * const lastkey,
                          const U32 flags)
 {
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REG_NAMED_BUFF_ITER;
     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(lastkey);
 
     if (flags & RXapif_FIRSTKEY)
@@ -4862,15 +4955,20 @@ Perl_reg_named_buff_iter(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, const SV * const lastkey,
 }
 
 SV*
-Perl_reg_named_buff_fetch(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, SV * const namesv, const U32 flags)
+Perl_reg_named_buff_fetch(pTHX_ REGEXP * const r, SV * const namesv,
+			  const U32 flags)
 {
     AV *retarray = NULL;
     SV *ret;
+    struct regexp *const rx = (struct regexp *)SvANY(r);
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REG_NAMED_BUFF_FETCH;
+
     if (flags & RXapif_ALL)
         retarray=newAV();
 
-    if (rx && rx->paren_names) {
-        HE *he_str = hv_fetch_ent( rx->paren_names, namesv, 0, 0 );
+    if (rx && RXp_PAREN_NAMES(rx)) {
+        HE *he_str = hv_fetch_ent( RXp_PAREN_NAMES(rx), namesv, 0, 0 );
         if (he_str) {
             IV i;
             SV* sv_dat=HeVAL(he_str);
@@ -4881,7 +4979,7 @@ Perl_reg_named_buff_fetch(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, SV * const namesv, const U32
                     && rx->offs[nums[i]].end != -1)
                 {
                     ret = newSVpvs("");
-                    CALLREG_NUMBUF_FETCH(rx,nums[i],ret);
+                    CALLREG_NUMBUF_FETCH(r,nums[i],ret);
                     if (!retarray)
                         return ret;
                 } else {
@@ -4900,14 +4998,18 @@ Perl_reg_named_buff_fetch(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, SV * const namesv, const U32
 }
 
 bool
-Perl_reg_named_buff_exists(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, SV * const key,
+Perl_reg_named_buff_exists(pTHX_ REGEXP * const r, SV * const key,
                            const U32 flags)
 {
-    if (rx && rx->paren_names) {
+    struct regexp *const rx = (struct regexp *)SvANY(r);
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REG_NAMED_BUFF_EXISTS;
+
+    if (rx && RXp_PAREN_NAMES(rx)) {
         if (flags & RXapif_ALL) {
-            return hv_exists_ent(rx->paren_names, key, 0);
+            return hv_exists_ent(RXp_PAREN_NAMES(rx), key, 0);
         } else {
-	    SV *sv = CALLREG_NAMED_BUFF_FETCH(rx, key, flags);
+	    SV *sv = CALLREG_NAMED_BUFF_FETCH(r, key, flags);
             if (sv) {
 		SvREFCNT_dec(sv);
                 return TRUE;
@@ -4921,18 +5023,31 @@ Perl_reg_named_buff_exists(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, SV * const key,
 }
 
 SV*
-Perl_reg_named_buff_firstkey(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, const U32 flags)
+Perl_reg_named_buff_firstkey(pTHX_ REGEXP * const r, const U32 flags)
 {
-    (void)hv_iterinit(rx->paren_names);
+    struct regexp *const rx = (struct regexp *)SvANY(r);
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REG_NAMED_BUFF_FIRSTKEY;
+
+    if ( rx && RXp_PAREN_NAMES(rx) ) {
+	(void)hv_iterinit(RXp_PAREN_NAMES(rx));
 
-    return CALLREG_NAMED_BUFF_NEXTKEY(rx, NULL, flags & ~RXapif_FIRSTKEY);
+	return CALLREG_NAMED_BUFF_NEXTKEY(r, NULL, flags & ~RXapif_FIRSTKEY);
+    } else {
+	return FALSE;
+    }
 }
 
 SV*
-Perl_reg_named_buff_nextkey(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, const U32 flags)
+Perl_reg_named_buff_nextkey(pTHX_ REGEXP * const r, const U32 flags)
 {
-    if (rx && rx->paren_names) {
-        HV *hv = rx->paren_names;
+    struct regexp *const rx = (struct regexp *)SvANY(r);
+    GET_RE_DEBUG_FLAGS_DECL;
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REG_NAMED_BUFF_NEXTKEY;
+
+    if (rx && RXp_PAREN_NAMES(rx)) {
+        HV *hv = RXp_PAREN_NAMES(rx);
         HE *temphe;
         while ( (temphe = hv_iternext_flags(hv,0)) ) {
             IV i;
@@ -4940,7 +5055,7 @@ Perl_reg_named_buff_nextkey(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, const U32 flags)
             SV* sv_dat = HeVAL(temphe);
             I32 *nums = (I32*)SvPVX(sv_dat);
             for ( i = 0; i < SvIVX(sv_dat); i++ ) {
-                if ((I32)(rx->lastcloseparen) >= nums[i] &&
+                if ((I32)(rx->lastparen) >= nums[i] &&
                     rx->offs[nums[i]].start != -1 &&
                     rx->offs[nums[i]].end != -1)
                 {
@@ -4949,9 +5064,7 @@ Perl_reg_named_buff_nextkey(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, const U32 flags)
                 }
             }
             if (parno || flags & RXapif_ALL) {
-                STRLEN len;
-                char *pv = HePV(temphe, len);
-                return newSVpvn(pv,len);
+		return newSVhek(HeKEY_hek(temphe));
             }
         }
     }
@@ -4959,17 +5072,20 @@ Perl_reg_named_buff_nextkey(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, const U32 flags)
 }
 
 SV*
-Perl_reg_named_buff_scalar(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, const U32 flags)
+Perl_reg_named_buff_scalar(pTHX_ REGEXP * const r, const U32 flags)
 {
     SV *ret;
     AV *av;
     I32 length;
+    struct regexp *const rx = (struct regexp *)SvANY(r);
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REG_NAMED_BUFF_SCALAR;
 
-    if (rx && rx->paren_names) {
+    if (rx && RXp_PAREN_NAMES(rx)) {
         if (flags & (RXapif_ALL | RXapif_REGNAMES_COUNT)) {
-            return newSViv(HvTOTALKEYS(rx->paren_names));
+            return newSViv(HvTOTALKEYS(RXp_PAREN_NAMES(rx)));
         } else if (flags & RXapif_ONE) {
-            ret = CALLREG_NAMED_BUFF_ALL(rx, (flags | RXapif_REGNAMES));
+            ret = CALLREG_NAMED_BUFF_ALL(r, (flags | RXapif_REGNAMES));
             av = (AV*)SvRV(ret);
             length = av_len(av);
             return newSViv(length + 1);
@@ -4982,12 +5098,15 @@ Perl_reg_named_buff_scalar(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, const U32 flags)
 }
 
 SV*
-Perl_reg_named_buff_all(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, const U32 flags)
+Perl_reg_named_buff_all(pTHX_ REGEXP * const r, const U32 flags)
 {
+    struct regexp *const rx = (struct regexp *)SvANY(r);
     AV *av = newAV();
 
-    if (rx && rx->paren_names) {
-        HV *hv= rx->paren_names;
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REG_NAMED_BUFF_ALL;
+
+    if (rx && RXp_PAREN_NAMES(rx)) {
+        HV *hv= RXp_PAREN_NAMES(rx);
         HE *temphe;
         (void)hv_iterinit(hv);
         while ( (temphe = hv_iternext_flags(hv,0)) ) {
@@ -4996,7 +5115,7 @@ Perl_reg_named_buff_all(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, const U32 flags)
             SV* sv_dat = HeVAL(temphe);
             I32 *nums = (I32*)SvPVX(sv_dat);
             for ( i = 0; i < SvIVX(sv_dat); i++ ) {
-                if ((I32)(rx->lastcloseparen) >= nums[i] &&
+                if ((I32)(rx->lastparen) >= nums[i] &&
                     rx->offs[nums[i]].start != -1 &&
                     rx->offs[nums[i]].end != -1)
                 {
@@ -5005,9 +5124,7 @@ Perl_reg_named_buff_all(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, const U32 flags)
                 }
             }
             if (parno || flags & RXapif_ALL) {
-                STRLEN len;
-                char *pv = HePV(temphe, len);
-                av_push(av, newSVpvn(pv,len));
+                av_push(av, newSVhek(HeKEY_hek(temphe)));
             }
         }
     }
@@ -5016,11 +5133,15 @@ Perl_reg_named_buff_all(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, const U32 flags)
 }
 
 void
-Perl_reg_numbered_buff_fetch(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, const I32 paren, SV * const sv)
+Perl_reg_numbered_buff_fetch(pTHX_ REGEXP * const r, const I32 paren,
+			     SV * const sv)
 {
+    struct regexp *const rx = (struct regexp *)SvANY(r);
     char *s = NULL;
     I32 i = 0;
     I32 s1, t1;
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REG_NUMBERED_BUFF_FETCH;
         
     if (!rx->subbeg) {
         sv_setsv(sv,&PL_sv_undef);
@@ -5057,16 +5178,16 @@ Perl_reg_numbered_buff_fetch(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, const I32 paren, SV * cons
         sv_setpvn(sv, s, i);
         PL_tainted = oldtainted;
         if ( (rx->extflags & RXf_CANY_SEEN)
-            ? (RX_MATCH_UTF8(rx)
+            ? (RXp_MATCH_UTF8(rx)
                         && (!i || is_utf8_string((U8*)s, i)))
-            : (RX_MATCH_UTF8(rx)) )
+            : (RXp_MATCH_UTF8(rx)) )
         {
             SvUTF8_on(sv);
         }
         else
             SvUTF8_off(sv);
         if (PL_tainting) {
-            if (RX_MATCH_TAINTED(rx)) {
+            if (RXp_MATCH_TAINTED(rx)) {
                 if (SvTYPE(sv) >= SVt_PVMG) {
                     MAGIC* const mg = SvMAGIC(sv);
                     MAGIC* mgt;
@@ -5094,6 +5215,8 @@ void
 Perl_reg_numbered_buff_store(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, const I32 paren,
 							 SV const * const value)
 {
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REG_NUMBERED_BUFF_STORE;
+
     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(rx);
     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(paren);
     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(value);
@@ -5103,12 +5226,15 @@ Perl_reg_numbered_buff_store(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, const I32 paren,
 }
 
 I32
-Perl_reg_numbered_buff_length(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, const SV * const sv,
+Perl_reg_numbered_buff_length(pTHX_ REGEXP * const r, const SV * const sv,
                               const I32 paren)
 {
+    struct regexp *const rx = (struct regexp *)SvANY(r);
     I32 i;
     I32 s1, t1;
 
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REG_NUMBERED_BUFF_LENGTH;
+
     /* Some of this code was originally in C<Perl_magic_len> in F<mg.c> */
 	switch (paren) {
       /* $` / ${^PREMATCH} */
@@ -5148,7 +5274,7 @@ Perl_reg_numbered_buff_length(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, const SV * const sv,
         }
     }
   getlen:
-    if (i > 0 && RX_MATCH_UTF8(rx)) {
+    if (i > 0 && RXp_MATCH_UTF8(rx)) {
         const char * const s = rx->subbeg + s1;
         const U8 *ep;
         STRLEN el;
@@ -5163,8 +5289,12 @@ Perl_reg_numbered_buff_length(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, const SV * const sv,
 SV*
 Perl_reg_qr_package(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx)
 {
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REG_QR_PACKAGE;
 	PERL_UNUSED_ARG(rx);
-	return newSVpvs("Regexp");
+	if (0)
+	    return NULL;
+	else
+	    return newSVpvs("Regexp");
 }
 
 /* Scans the name of a named buffer from the pattern.
@@ -5180,9 +5310,12 @@ Perl_reg_qr_package(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx)
 #define REG_RSN_RETURN_DATA    2
 
 STATIC SV*
-S_reg_scan_name(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, U32 flags) {
+S_reg_scan_name(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, U32 flags)
+{
     char *name_start = RExC_parse;
 
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REG_SCAN_NAME;
+
     if (isIDFIRST_lazy_if(RExC_parse, UTF)) {
 	 /* skip IDFIRST by using do...while */
 	if (UTF)
@@ -5196,10 +5329,9 @@ S_reg_scan_name(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, U32 flags) {
     }
 
     if ( flags ) {
-        SV* sv_name = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvn(aTHX_ name_start,
-            (int)(RExC_parse - name_start)));
-	if (UTF)
-            SvUTF8_on(sv_name);
+        SV* sv_name
+	    = newSVpvn_flags(name_start, (int)(RExC_parse - name_start),
+			     SVs_TEMP | (UTF ? SVf_UTF8 : 0));
         if ( flags == REG_RSN_RETURN_NAME)
             return sv_name;
         else if (flags==REG_RSN_RETURN_DATA) {
@@ -5314,6 +5446,8 @@ S_reg(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 paren, I32 *flagp,U32 depth)
     char * const oregcomp_parse = RExC_parse;
 
     GET_RE_DEBUG_FLAGS_DECL;
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REG;
     DEBUG_PARSE("reg ");
 
     *flagp = 0;				/* Tentatively. */
@@ -6158,6 +6292,9 @@ S_regbranch(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, I32 first, U32 depth)
     register regnode *latest;
     I32 flags = 0, c = 0;
     GET_RE_DEBUG_FLAGS_DECL;
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REGBRANCH;
+
     DEBUG_PARSE("brnc");
 
     if (first)
@@ -6233,6 +6370,9 @@ S_regpiece(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
     char *parse_start;
     const char *maxpos = NULL;
     GET_RE_DEBUG_FLAGS_DECL;
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REGPIECE;
+
     DEBUG_PARSE("piec");
 
     ret = regatom(pRExC_state, &flags,depth+1);
@@ -6450,7 +6590,9 @@ S_reg_namedseq(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, UV *valuep)
     STRLEN len; /* this has various purposes throughout the code */
     bool cached = 0; /* if this is true then we shouldn't refcount dev sv_str */
     regnode *ret = NULL;
-    
+ 
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REG_NAMEDSEQ;
+   
     if (*RExC_parse != '{') {
         vFAIL("Missing braces on \\N{}");
     }
@@ -6471,6 +6613,7 @@ S_reg_namedseq(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, UV *valuep)
             | PERL_SCAN_DISALLOW_PREFIX
             | (SIZE_ONLY ? PERL_SCAN_SILENT_ILLDIGIT : 0);
         UV cp;
+	char string;
         len = (STRLEN)(endbrace - name - 2);
         cp = grok_hex(name + 2, &len, &fl, NULL);
         if ( len != (STRLEN)(endbrace - name - 2) ) {
@@ -6482,7 +6625,8 @@ S_reg_namedseq(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, UV *valuep)
             *valuep = cp;
             return NULL;
         }
-        sv_str= Perl_newSVpvf_nocontext("%c",(int)cp);
+	string = (char)cp;
+        sv_str= newSVpvn(&string, 1);
     } else {
         /* fetch the charnames handler for this scope */
         HV * const table = GvHV(PL_hintgv);
@@ -6689,11 +6833,13 @@ STATIC UV
 S_reg_recode(pTHX_ const char value, SV **encp)
 {
     STRLEN numlen = 1;
-    SV * const sv = sv_2mortal(newSVpvn(&value, numlen));
+    SV * const sv = newSVpvn_flags(&value, numlen, SVs_TEMP);
     const char * const s = *encp ? sv_recode_to_utf8(sv, *encp) : SvPVX(sv);
     const STRLEN newlen = SvCUR(sv);
     UV uv = UNICODE_REPLACEMENT;
 
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REG_RECODE;
+
     if (newlen)
 	uv = SvUTF8(sv)
 	     ? utf8n_to_uvchr((U8*)s, newlen, &numlen, UTF8_ALLOW_DEFAULT)
@@ -6740,6 +6886,7 @@ S_regatom(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 *flagp, U32 depth)
     DEBUG_PARSE("atom");
     *flagp = WORST;		/* Tentatively. */
 
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REGATOM;
 
 tryagain:
     switch ((U8)*RExC_parse) {
@@ -6829,8 +6976,10 @@ tryagain:
     case 0xDF:
     case 0xC3:
     case 0xCE:
+        do_foldchar:
         if (!LOC && FOLD) {
             U32 len,cp;
+	    len=0; /* silence a spurious compiler warning */
             if ((cp = what_len_TRICKYFOLD_safe(RExC_parse,RExC_end,UTF,len))) {
                 *flagp |= HASWIDTH; /* could be SIMPLE too, but needs a handler in regexec.regrepeat */
                 RExC_parse+=len-1; /* we get one from nextchar() as well. :-( */
@@ -6854,7 +7003,11 @@ tryagain:
 	   required, as the default for this switch is to jump to the
 	   literal text handling code.
 	*/
-	switch (*++RExC_parse) {
+	switch ((U8)*++RExC_parse) {
+	case 0xDF:
+	case 0xC3:
+	case 0xCE:
+	           goto do_foldchar;	    
 	/* Special Escapes */
 	case 'A':
 	    RExC_seen_zerolen++;
@@ -6870,6 +7023,11 @@ tryagain:
 	    RExC_seen_zerolen++;
 	    ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, KEEPS);
 	    *flagp |= SIMPLE;
+	    /* XXX:dmq : disabling in-place substitution seems to
+	     * be necessary here to avoid cases of memory corruption, as
+	     * with: C<$_="x" x 80; s/x\K/y/> -- rgs
+	     */
+	    RExC_seen |= REG_SEEN_LOOKBEHIND;
 	    goto finish_meta_pat;
 	case 'Z':
 	    ret = reg_node(pRExC_state, SEOL);
@@ -7167,8 +7325,13 @@ tryagain:
 		       an unescaped equivalent literal.
 		    */
 
-		    switch (*++p) {
+		    switch ((U8)*++p) {
 		    /* These are all the special escapes. */
+    		    case 0xDF:
+    		    case 0xC3:
+    		    case 0xCE:
+    		           if (LOC || !FOLD || !is_TRICKYFOLD_safe(p,RExC_end,UTF))
+    		                goto normal_default;		    
 		    case 'A':             /* Start assertion */
 		    case 'b': case 'B':   /* Word-boundary assertion*/
 		    case 'C':             /* Single char !DANGEROUS! */
@@ -7404,6 +7567,9 @@ STATIC char *
 S_regwhite( RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, char *p )
 {
     const char *e = RExC_end;
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REGWHITE;
+
     while (p < e) {
 	if (isSPACE(*p))
 	    ++p;
@@ -7440,6 +7606,8 @@ S_regpposixcc(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, I32 value)
     dVAR;
     I32 namedclass = OOB_NAMEDCLASS;
 
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REGPPOSIXCC;
+
     if (value == '[' && RExC_parse + 1 < RExC_end &&
 	/* I smell either [: or [= or [. -- POSIX has been here, right? */
 	POSIXCC(UCHARAT(RExC_parse))) {
@@ -7554,6 +7722,9 @@ STATIC void
 S_checkposixcc(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
 {
     dVAR;
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_CHECKPOSIXCC;
+
     if (POSIXCC(UCHARAT(RExC_parse))) {
 	const char *s = RExC_parse;
 	const char  c = *s++;
@@ -7652,6 +7823,8 @@ S_regclass(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, U32 depth)
         case we need to change the emitted regop to an EXACT. */
     const char * orig_parse = RExC_parse;
     GET_RE_DEBUG_FLAGS_DECL;
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REGCLASS;
 #ifndef DEBUGGING
     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(depth);
 #endif
@@ -8115,8 +8288,8 @@ parseit:
 
 				  if (!unicode_alternate)
 				      unicode_alternate = newAV();
-				  sv = newSVpvn((char*)foldbuf, foldlen);
-				  SvUTF8_on(sv);
+				  sv = newSVpvn_utf8((char*)foldbuf, foldlen,
+						     TRUE);
 				  av_push(unicode_alternate, sv);
 			      }
 			 }
@@ -8239,6 +8412,9 @@ STATIC bool
 S_reg_skipcomment(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
 {
     bool ended = 0;
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REG_SKIPCOMMENT;
+
     while (RExC_parse < RExC_end)
         if (*RExC_parse++ == '\n') {
             ended = 1;
@@ -8271,6 +8447,8 @@ S_nextchar(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state)
 {
     char* const retval = RExC_parse++;
 
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEXTCHAR;
+
     for (;;) {
 	if (*RExC_parse == '(' && RExC_parse[1] == '?' &&
 		RExC_parse[2] == '#') {
@@ -8307,6 +8485,8 @@ S_reg_node(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, U8 op)
     regnode * const ret = RExC_emit;
     GET_RE_DEBUG_FLAGS_DECL;
 
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REG_NODE;
+
     if (SIZE_ONLY) {
 	SIZE_ALIGN(RExC_size);
 	RExC_size += 1;
@@ -8346,6 +8526,8 @@ S_reganode(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, U8 op, U32 arg)
     regnode * const ret = RExC_emit;
     GET_RE_DEBUG_FLAGS_DECL;
 
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REGANODE;
+
     if (SIZE_ONLY) {
 	SIZE_ALIGN(RExC_size);
 	RExC_size += 2;
@@ -8396,6 +8578,9 @@ STATIC STRLEN
 S_reguni(pTHX_ const RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, UV uv, char* s)
 {
     dVAR;
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REGUNI;
+
     return SIZE_ONLY ? UNISKIP(uv) : (uvchr_to_utf8((U8*)s, uv) - (U8*)s);
 }
 
@@ -8414,6 +8599,8 @@ S_reginsert(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, U8 op, regnode *opnd, U32 depth)
     const int offset = regarglen[(U8)op];
     const int size = NODE_STEP_REGNODE + offset;
     GET_RE_DEBUG_FLAGS_DECL;
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REGINSERT;
     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(depth);
 /* (PL_regkind[(U8)op] == CURLY ? EXTRA_STEP_2ARGS : 0); */
     DEBUG_PARSE_FMT("inst"," - %s",PL_reg_name[op]);
@@ -8496,6 +8683,8 @@ S_regtail(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *p, const regnode *val,U32 de
     dVAR;
     register regnode *scan;
     GET_RE_DEBUG_FLAGS_DECL;
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REGTAIL;
 #ifndef DEBUGGING
     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(depth);
 #endif
@@ -8556,9 +8745,10 @@ S_regtail_study(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *p, const regnode *val,
 #ifdef EXPERIMENTAL_INPLACESCAN
     I32 min = 0;
 #endif
-
     GET_RE_DEBUG_FLAGS_DECL;
 
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REGTAIL_STUDY;
+
 
     if (SIZE_ONLY)
         return exact;
@@ -8628,6 +8818,8 @@ S_regtail_study(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, regnode *p, const regnode *val,
 STATIC I32
 S_regcurly(register const char *s)
 {
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REGCURLY;
+
     if (*s++ != '{')
 	return FALSE;
     if (!isDIGIT(*s))
@@ -8649,9 +8841,11 @@ S_regcurly(register const char *s)
  */
 #ifdef DEBUGGING
 void 
-S_regdump_extflags(pTHX_ const char *lead, const U32 flags) {
+S_regdump_extflags(pTHX_ const char *lead, const U32 flags)
+{
     int bit;
     int set=0;
+
     for (bit=0; bit<32; bit++) {
         if (flags & (1<<bit)) {
             if (!set++ && lead) 
@@ -8678,6 +8872,8 @@ Perl_regdump(pTHX_ const regexp *r)
     RXi_GET_DECL(r,ri);
     GET_RE_DEBUG_FLAGS_DECL;
 
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REGDUMP;
+
     (void)dumpuntil(r, ri->program, ri->program + 1, NULL, NULL, sv, 0, 0);
 
     /* Header fields of interest. */
@@ -8752,6 +8948,7 @@ Perl_regdump(pTHX_ const regexp *r)
     PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "\n");
     DEBUG_FLAGS_r(regdump_extflags("r->extflags: ",r->extflags));            
 #else
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REGDUMP;
     PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
     PERL_UNUSED_ARG(r);
 #endif	/* DEBUGGING */
@@ -8769,6 +8966,7 @@ Perl_regprop(pTHX_ const regexp *prog, SV *sv, const regnode *o)
     RXi_GET_DECL(prog,progi);
     GET_RE_DEBUG_FLAGS_DECL;
     
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REGPROP;
 
     sv_setpvn(sv, "", 0);
 
@@ -8781,19 +8979,17 @@ Perl_regprop(pTHX_ const regexp *prog, SV *sv, const regnode *o)
     k = PL_regkind[OP(o)];
 
     if (k == EXACT) {
-	SV * const dsv = sv_2mortal(newSVpvs(""));
+	sv_catpvs(sv, " ");
 	/* Using is_utf8_string() (via PERL_PV_UNI_DETECT) 
 	 * is a crude hack but it may be the best for now since 
 	 * we have no flag "this EXACTish node was UTF-8" 
 	 * --jhi */
-	const char * const s = 
-	    pv_pretty(dsv, STRING(o), STR_LEN(o), 60, 
-	        PL_colors[0], PL_colors[1],
-	        PERL_PV_ESCAPE_UNI_DETECT |
-	        PERL_PV_PRETTY_ELIPSES    |
-	        PERL_PV_PRETTY_LTGT    
-            ); 
-	Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, " %s", s );
+	pv_pretty(sv, STRING(o), STR_LEN(o), 60, PL_colors[0], PL_colors[1],
+		  PERL_PV_ESCAPE_UNI_DETECT |
+		  PERL_PV_PRETTY_ELLIPSES   |
+		  PERL_PV_PRETTY_LTGT       |
+		  PERL_PV_PRETTY_NOCLEAR
+		  );
     } else if (k == TRIE) {
 	/* print the details of the trie in dumpuntil instead, as
 	 * progi->data isn't available here */
@@ -8822,7 +9018,7 @@ Perl_regprop(pTHX_ const regexp *prog, SV *sv, const regnode *o)
             int i;
             int rangestart = -1;
             U8* bitmap = IS_ANYOF_TRIE(op) ? (U8*)ANYOF_BITMAP(o) : (U8*)TRIE_BITMAP(trie);
-            Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "[");
+            sv_catpvs(sv, "[");
             for (i = 0; i <= 256; i++) {
                 if (i < 256 && BITMAP_TEST(bitmap,i)) {
                     if (rangestart == -1)
@@ -8839,7 +9035,7 @@ Perl_regprop(pTHX_ const regexp *prog, SV *sv, const regnode *o)
                     rangestart = -1;
                 }
             }
-            Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "]");
+            sv_catpvs(sv, "]");
         } 
 	 
     } else if (k == CURLY) {
@@ -8851,7 +9047,7 @@ Perl_regprop(pTHX_ const regexp *prog, SV *sv, const regnode *o)
 	Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "[%d/%d]", o->flags & 0xf, o->flags>>4);
     else if (k == REF || k == OPEN || k == CLOSE || k == GROUPP || OP(o)==ACCEPT) {
 	Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "%d", (int)ARG(o));	/* Parenth number */
-	if ( prog->paren_names ) {
+	if ( RXp_PAREN_NAMES(prog) ) {
             if ( k != REF || OP(o) < NREF) {	    
 	        AV *list= (AV *)progi->data->data[progi->name_list_idx];
 	        SV **name= av_fetch(list, ARG(o), 0 );
@@ -9033,10 +9229,13 @@ Perl_regprop(pTHX_ const regexp *prog, SV *sv, const regnode *o)
 }
 
 SV *
-Perl_re_intuit_string(pTHX_ REGEXP * const prog)
+Perl_re_intuit_string(pTHX_ REGEXP * const r)
 {				/* Assume that RE_INTUIT is set */
     dVAR;
+    struct regexp *const prog = (struct regexp *)SvANY(r);
     GET_RE_DEBUG_FLAGS_DECL;
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_RE_INTUIT_STRING;
     PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
 
     DEBUG_COMPILE_r(
@@ -9072,20 +9271,26 @@ Perl_re_intuit_string(pTHX_ REGEXP * const prog)
 */
 #ifndef PERL_IN_XSUB_RE
 void
-Perl_pregfree(pTHX_ struct regexp *r)
+Perl_pregfree(pTHX_ REGEXP *r)
+{
+    SvREFCNT_dec(r);
+}
+
+void
+Perl_pregfree2(pTHX_ REGEXP *rx)
 {
     dVAR;
+    struct regexp *const r = (struct regexp *)SvANY(rx);
     GET_RE_DEBUG_FLAGS_DECL;
 
-    if (!r || (--r->refcnt > 0))
-	return;
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PREGFREE2;
+
     if (r->mother_re) {
         ReREFCNT_dec(r->mother_re);
     } else {
-        CALLREGFREE_PVT(r); /* free the private data */
-        if (r->paren_names)
-            SvREFCNT_dec(r->paren_names);
-        Safefree(r->wrapped);
+        CALLREGFREE_PVT(rx); /* free the private data */
+        if (RXp_PAREN_NAMES(r))
+            SvREFCNT_dec(RXp_PAREN_NAMES(r));
     }        
     if (r->substrs) {
         if (r->anchored_substr)
@@ -9098,14 +9303,13 @@ Perl_pregfree(pTHX_ struct regexp *r)
             SvREFCNT_dec(r->float_utf8);
 	Safefree(r->substrs);
     }
-    RX_MATCH_COPY_FREE(r);
+    RX_MATCH_COPY_FREE(rx);
 #ifdef PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE
     if (r->saved_copy)
         SvREFCNT_dec(r->saved_copy);
 #endif
     Safefree(r->swap);
     Safefree(r->offs);
-    Safefree(r);
 }
 
 /*  reg_temp_copy()
@@ -9125,16 +9329,27 @@ Perl_pregfree(pTHX_ struct regexp *r)
 */    
     
     
-regexp *
-Perl_reg_temp_copy (pTHX_ struct regexp *r) {
-    regexp *ret;
+REGEXP *
+Perl_reg_temp_copy (pTHX_ REGEXP *rx)
+{
+    REGEXP *ret_x = (REGEXP*) newSV_type(SVt_REGEXP);
+    struct regexp *ret = (struct regexp *)SvANY(ret_x);
+    struct regexp *const r = (struct regexp *)SvANY(rx);
     register const I32 npar = r->nparens+1;
-    (void)ReREFCNT_inc(r);
-    Newx(ret, 1, regexp);
-    StructCopy(r, ret, regexp);
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REG_TEMP_COPY;
+
+    (void)ReREFCNT_inc(rx);
+    /* We can take advantage of the existing "copied buffer" mechanism in SVs
+       by pointing directly at the buffer, but flagging that the allocated
+       space in the copy is zero. As we've just done a struct copy, it's now
+       a case of zero-ing that, rather than copying the current length.  */
+    SvPV_set(ret_x, RX_WRAPPED(rx));
+    SvFLAGS(ret_x) |= SvFLAGS(rx) & (SVf_POK|SVp_POK|SVf_UTF8);
+    StructCopy(&(r->xpv_cur), &(ret->xpv_cur), struct regexp_allocated);
+    SvLEN_set(ret_x, 0);
     Newx(ret->offs, npar, regexp_paren_pair);
     Copy(r->offs, ret->offs, npar, regexp_paren_pair);
-    ret->refcnt = 1;
     if (r->substrs) {
         Newx(ret->substrs, 1, struct reg_substr_data);
 	StructCopy(r->substrs, ret->substrs, struct reg_substr_data);
@@ -9147,14 +9362,14 @@ Perl_reg_temp_copy (pTHX_ struct regexp *r) {
 	/* check_substr and check_utf8, if non-NULL, point to either their
 	   anchored or float namesakes, and don't hold a second reference.  */
     }
-    RX_MATCH_COPIED_off(ret);
+    RX_MATCH_COPIED_off(ret_x);
 #ifdef PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE
     ret->saved_copy = NULL;
 #endif
-    ret->mother_re = r; 
+    ret->mother_re = rx;
     ret->swap = NULL;
     
-    return ret;
+    return ret_x;
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -9171,19 +9386,22 @@ Perl_reg_temp_copy (pTHX_ struct regexp *r) {
  */
  
 void
-Perl_regfree_internal(pTHX_ REGEXP * const r)
+Perl_regfree_internal(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx)
 {
     dVAR;
+    struct regexp *const r = (struct regexp *)SvANY(rx);
     RXi_GET_DECL(r,ri);
     GET_RE_DEBUG_FLAGS_DECL;
-    
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REGFREE_INTERNAL;
+
     DEBUG_COMPILE_r({
 	if (!PL_colorset)
 	    reginitcolors();
 	{
 	    SV *dsv= sv_newmortal();
-            RE_PV_QUOTED_DECL(s, (r->extflags & RXf_UTF8),
-                dsv, r->precomp, r->prelen, 60);
+            RE_PV_QUOTED_DECL(s, RX_UTF8(rx),
+                dsv, RX_PRECOMP(rx), RX_PRELEN(rx), 60);
             PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,"%sFreeing REx:%s %s\n", 
                 PL_colors[4],PL_colors[5],s);
         }
@@ -9304,23 +9522,17 @@ Perl_regfree_internal(pTHX_ REGEXP * const r)
 */
 #if defined(USE_ITHREADS)
 #ifndef PERL_IN_XSUB_RE
-regexp *
-Perl_re_dup(pTHX_ const regexp *r, CLONE_PARAMS *param)
+void
+Perl_re_dup_guts(pTHX_ const REGEXP *sstr, REGEXP *dstr, CLONE_PARAMS *param)
 {
     dVAR;
-    regexp *ret;
     I32 npar;
-
-    if (!r)
-	return (REGEXP *)NULL;
-
-    if ((ret = (REGEXP *)ptr_table_fetch(PL_ptr_table, r)))
-	return ret;
-
+    const struct regexp *r = (const struct regexp *)SvANY(sstr);
+    struct regexp *ret = (struct regexp *)SvANY(dstr);
     
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_RE_DUP_GUTS;
+
     npar = r->nparens+1;
-    Newx(ret, 1, regexp);
-    StructCopy(r, ret, regexp);
     Newx(ret->offs, npar, regexp_paren_pair);
     Copy(r->offs, ret->offs, npar, regexp_paren_pair);
     if(ret->swap) {
@@ -9332,7 +9544,9 @@ Perl_re_dup(pTHX_ const regexp *r, CLONE_PARAMS *param)
 	/* Do it this way to avoid reading from *r after the StructCopy().
 	   That way, if any of the sv_dup_inc()s dislodge *r from the L1
 	   cache, it doesn't matter.  */
-	const bool anchored = r->check_substr == r->anchored_substr;
+	const bool anchored = r->check_substr
+	    ? r->check_substr == r->anchored_substr
+	    : r->check_utf8 == r->anchored_utf8;
         Newx(ret->substrs, 1, struct reg_substr_data);
 	StructCopy(r->substrs, ret->substrs, struct reg_substr_data);
 
@@ -9355,17 +9569,21 @@ Perl_re_dup(pTHX_ const regexp *r, CLONE_PARAMS *param)
 		ret->check_substr = ret->float_substr;
 		ret->check_utf8 = ret->float_utf8;
 	    }
+	} else if (ret->check_utf8) {
+	    if (anchored) {
+		ret->check_utf8 = ret->anchored_utf8;
+	    } else {
+		ret->check_utf8 = ret->float_utf8;
+	    }
 	}
     }
 
-    ret->wrapped        = SAVEPVN(ret->wrapped, ret->wraplen+1);
-    ret->precomp        = ret->wrapped + (ret->precomp - ret->wrapped);
-    ret->paren_names    = hv_dup_inc(ret->paren_names, param);
+    RXp_PAREN_NAMES(ret) = hv_dup_inc(RXp_PAREN_NAMES(ret), param);
 
     if (ret->pprivate)
-	RXi_SET(ret,CALLREGDUPE_PVT(ret,param));
+	RXi_SET(ret,CALLREGDUPE_PVT(dstr,param));
 
-    if (RX_MATCH_COPIED(ret))
+    if (RX_MATCH_COPIED(dstr))
 	ret->subbeg  = SAVEPVN(ret->subbeg, ret->sublen);
     else
 	ret->subbeg = NULL;
@@ -9375,10 +9593,6 @@ Perl_re_dup(pTHX_ const regexp *r, CLONE_PARAMS *param)
 
     ret->mother_re      = NULL;
     ret->gofs = 0;
-    ret->seen_evals = 0;
-    
-    ptr_table_store(PL_ptr_table, r, ret);
-    return ret;
 }
 #endif /* PERL_IN_XSUB_RE */
 
@@ -9397,12 +9611,15 @@ Perl_re_dup(pTHX_ const regexp *r, CLONE_PARAMS *param)
 */
 
 void *
-Perl_regdupe_internal(pTHX_ REGEXP * const r, CLONE_PARAMS *param)
+Perl_regdupe_internal(pTHX_ REGEXP * const rx, CLONE_PARAMS *param)
 {
     dVAR;
+    struct regexp *const r = (struct regexp *)SvANY(rx);
     regexp_internal *reti;
     int len, npar;
     RXi_GET_DECL(r,ri);
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REGDUPE_INTERNAL;
     
     npar = r->nparens+1;
     len = ProgLen(ri);
@@ -9489,48 +9706,8 @@ Perl_regdupe_internal(pTHX_ REGEXP * const r, CLONE_PARAMS *param)
 
 #endif    /* USE_ITHREADS */
 
-/* 
-   reg_stringify() 
-   
-   converts a regexp embedded in a MAGIC struct to its stringified form, 
-   caching the converted form in the struct and returns the cached 
-   string. 
-
-   If lp is nonnull then it is used to return the length of the 
-   resulting string
-   
-   If flags is nonnull and the returned string contains UTF8 then 
-   (*flags & 1) will be true.
-   
-   If haseval is nonnull then it is used to return whether the pattern 
-   contains evals.
-   
-   Normally called via macro: 
-   
-        CALLREG_STRINGIFY(mg,&len,&utf8);
-        
-   And internally with
-   
-        CALLREG_AS_STR(mg,&lp,&flags,&haseval)        
-    
-   See sv_2pv_flags() in sv.c for an example of internal usage.
-    
- */
 #ifndef PERL_IN_XSUB_RE
 
-char *
-Perl_reg_stringify(pTHX_ MAGIC *mg, STRLEN *lp, U32 *flags, I32 *haseval ) {
-    dVAR;
-    const regexp * const re = (regexp *)mg->mg_obj;
-    if (haseval) 
-        *haseval = re->seen_evals;
-    if (flags)    
-	*flags = ((re->extflags & RXf_UTF8) ? 1 : 0);
-    if (lp)
-	*lp = re->wraplen;
-    return re->wrapped;
-}
-
 /*
  - regnext - dig the "next" pointer out of a node
  */
@@ -9561,6 +9738,8 @@ S_re_croak2(pTHX_ const char* pat1,const char* pat2,...)
     SV *msv;
     const char *message;
 
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_RE_CROAK2;
+
     if (l1 > 510)
 	l1 = 510;
     if (l1 + l2 > 510)
@@ -9621,7 +9800,7 @@ Perl_save_re_context(pTHX)
 	const REGEXP * const rx = PM_GETRE(PL_curpm);
 	if (rx) {
 	    U32 i;
-	    for (i = 1; i <= rx->nparens; i++) {
+	    for (i = 1; i <= RX_NPARENS(rx); i++) {
 		char digits[TYPE_CHARS(long)];
 		const STRLEN len = my_snprintf(digits, sizeof(digits), "%lu", (long)i);
 		GV *const *const gvp
@@ -9642,7 +9821,7 @@ static void
 clear_re(pTHX_ void *r)
 {
     dVAR;
-    ReREFCNT_dec((regexp *)r);
+    ReREFCNT_dec((REGEXP *)r);
 }
 
 #ifdef DEBUGGING
@@ -9650,12 +9829,26 @@ clear_re(pTHX_ void *r)
 STATIC void
 S_put_byte(pTHX_ SV *sv, int c)
 {
-    if (isCNTRL(c) || c == 255 || !isPRINT(c))
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_PUT_BYTE;
+
+    /* Our definition of isPRINT() ignores locales, so only bytes that are
+       not part of UTF-8 are considered printable. I assume that the same
+       holds for UTF-EBCDIC.
+       Also, code point 255 is not printable in either (it's E0 in EBCDIC,
+       which Wikipedia says:
+
+       EO, or Eight Ones, is an 8-bit EBCDIC character code represented as all
+       ones (binary 1111 1111, hexadecimal FF). It is similar, but not
+       identical, to the ASCII delete (DEL) or rubout control character.
+       ) So the old condition can be simplified to !isPRINT(c)  */
+    if (!isPRINT(c))
 	Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "\\%o", c);
-    else if (c == '-' || c == ']' || c == '\\' || c == '^')
-	Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "\\%c", c);
-    else
-	Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, "%c", c);
+    else {
+	const char string = c;
+	if (c == '-' || c == ']' || c == '\\' || c == '^')
+	    sv_catpvs(sv, "\\");
+	sv_catpvn(sv, &string, 1);
+    }
 }
 
 
@@ -9679,7 +9872,9 @@ S_dumpuntil(pTHX_ const regexp *r, const regnode *start, const regnode *node,
     
     RXi_GET_DECL(r,ri);
     GET_RE_DEBUG_FLAGS_DECL;
-    
+
+    PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DUMPUNTIL;
+
 #ifdef DEBUG_DUMPUNTIL
     PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "--- %d : %d - %d - %d\n",indent,node-start,
         last ? last-start : 0,plast ? plast-start : 0);
@@ -9758,7 +9953,7 @@ S_dumpuntil(pTHX_ const regexp *r, const regnode *start, const regnode *node,
                     elem_ptr ? pv_pretty(sv, SvPV_nolen_const(*elem_ptr), SvCUR(*elem_ptr), 60,
 	                    PL_colors[0], PL_colors[1],
 	                    (SvUTF8(*elem_ptr) ? PERL_PV_ESCAPE_UNI : 0) |
-	                    PERL_PV_PRETTY_ELIPSES    |
+	                    PERL_PV_PRETTY_ELLIPSES    |
 	                    PERL_PV_PRETTY_LTGT
                             )
                             : "???"