X-Git-Url: http://git.shadowcat.co.uk/gitweb/gitweb.cgi?a=blobdiff_plain;f=pp_sys.c;h=3071f1bfeabdb2dbfe1d10d824f9dadd798e21b1;hb=c333cfe784a03678e3e071720a240ed3993ae09b;hp=5e1908f6681732b663b15af231dd45c7a25092be;hpb=eb160463266f58ba83ae9bb9ae8bbdc8f0c3027b;p=p5sagit%2Fp5-mst-13.2.git

diff --git a/pp_sys.c b/pp_sys.c
index 5e1908f..3071f1b 100644
--- a/pp_sys.c
+++ b/pp_sys.c
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 /*    pp_sys.c
  *
- *    Copyright (c) 1991-2002, Larry Wall
+ *    Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
+ *    2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, by Larry Wall and others
  *
  *    You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
  *    License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
@@ -14,6 +15,15 @@
  * a rumour and a trouble as of great engines throbbing and labouring.
  */
 
+/* This file contains system pp ("push/pop") functions that
+ * execute the opcodes that make up a perl program. A typical pp function
+ * expects to find its arguments on the stack, and usually pushes its
+ * results onto the stack, hence the 'pp' terminology. Each OP structure
+ * contains a pointer to the relevant pp_foo() function.
+ *
+ * By 'system', we mean ops which interact with the OS, such as pp_open().
+ */
+
 #include "EXTERN.h"
 #define PERL_IN_PP_SYS_C
 #include "perl.h"
@@ -173,6 +183,20 @@ static char zero_but_true[ZBTLEN + 1] = "0 but true";
 #  define FD_CLOEXEC 1		/* NeXT needs this */
 #endif
 
+#include "reentr.h"
+
+#ifdef __Lynx__
+/* Missing protos on LynxOS */
+void sethostent(int);
+void endhostent(void);
+void setnetent(int);
+void endnetent(void);
+void setprotoent(int);
+void endprotoent(void);
+void setservent(int);
+void endservent(void);
+#endif
+
 #undef PERL_EFF_ACCESS_R_OK	/* EFFective uid/gid ACCESS R_OK */
 #undef PERL_EFF_ACCESS_W_OK
 #undef PERL_EFF_ACCESS_X_OK
@@ -321,10 +345,13 @@ PP(pp_backtick)
 		;
 	}
 	else if (gimme == G_SCALAR) {
+	    SV *oldrs = PL_rs;
+	    PL_rs = &PL_sv_undef;
 	    sv_setpv(TARG, "");	/* note that this preserves previous buffer */
 	    while (sv_gets(TARG, fp, SvCUR(TARG)) != Nullch)
 		/*SUPPRESS 530*/
 		;
+	    PL_rs = oldrs;
 	    XPUSHs(TARG);
 	    SvTAINTED_on(TARG);
 	}
@@ -417,7 +444,7 @@ PP(pp_warn)
 	tmpsv = TOPs;
     }
     tmps = SvPV(tmpsv, len);
-    if (!tmps || !len) {
+    if ((!tmps || !len) && PL_errgv) {
   	SV *error = ERRSV;
 	(void)SvUPGRADE(error, SVt_PV);
 	if (SvPOK(error) && SvCUR(error))
@@ -452,7 +479,7 @@ PP(pp_die)
     }
     else {
 	tmpsv = TOPs;
-        tmps = (SvROK(tmpsv) && PL_in_eval) ? Nullch : SvPV(tmpsv, len);
+        tmps = SvROK(tmpsv) ? Nullch : SvPV(tmpsv, len);
     }
     if (!tmps || !len) {
   	SV *error = ERRSV;
@@ -603,8 +630,9 @@ PP(pp_pipe_op)
     if (PerlProc_pipe(fd) < 0)
 	goto badexit;
 
-    IoIFP(rstio) = PerlIO_fdopen(fd[0], "r");
-    IoOFP(wstio) = PerlIO_fdopen(fd[1], "w");
+    IoIFP(rstio) = PerlIO_fdopen(fd[0], "r"PIPE_OPEN_MODE);
+    IoOFP(wstio) = PerlIO_fdopen(fd[1], "w"PIPE_OPEN_MODE);
+    IoOFP(rstio) = IoIFP(rstio);
     IoIFP(wstio) = IoOFP(wstio);
     IoTYPE(rstio) = IoTYPE_RDONLY;
     IoTYPE(wstio) = IoTYPE_WRONLY;
@@ -728,14 +756,28 @@ PP(pp_binmode)
     if (!(io = GvIO(gv)) || !(fp = IoIFP(io))) {
 	if (ckWARN2(WARN_UNOPENED,WARN_CLOSED))
 	    report_evil_fh(gv, io, PL_op->op_type);
+	SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
         RETPUSHUNDEF;
     }
 
+    PUTBACK;
     if (PerlIO_binmode(aTHX_ fp,IoTYPE(io),mode_from_discipline(discp),
-                       (discp) ? SvPV_nolen(discp) : Nullch))
+                       (discp) ? SvPV_nolen(discp) : Nullch)) {
+	if (IoOFP(io) && IoOFP(io) != IoIFP(io)) {
+	     if (!PerlIO_binmode(aTHX_ IoOFP(io),IoTYPE(io),
+			mode_from_discipline(discp),
+                       (discp) ? SvPV_nolen(discp) : Nullch)) {
+		SPAGAIN;
+		RETPUSHUNDEF;
+	     }
+	}
+	SPAGAIN;
 	RETPUSHYES;
-    else
+    }
+    else {
+	SPAGAIN;
 	RETPUSHUNDEF;
+    }
 }
 
 PP(pp_tie)
@@ -750,7 +792,6 @@ PP(pp_tie)
     char *methname;
     int how = PERL_MAGIC_tied;
     U32 items;
-    STRLEN n_a;
 
     varsv = *++MARK;
     switch(SvTYPE(varsv)) {
@@ -797,8 +838,8 @@ PP(pp_tie)
 	 */
 	stash = gv_stashsv(*MARK, FALSE);
 	if (!stash || !(gv = gv_fetchmethod(stash, methname))) {
-	    DIE(aTHX_ "Can't locate object method \"%s\" via package \"%s\"",
-		 methname, SvPV(*MARK,n_a));
+	    DIE(aTHX_ "Can't locate object method \"%s\" via package \"%"SVf"\"",
+		 methname, *MARK);
 	}
 	ENTER;
 	PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_MAGIC);
@@ -817,11 +858,11 @@ PP(pp_tie)
 	sv_unmagic(varsv, how);
 	/* Croak if a self-tie on an aggregate is attempted. */
 	if (varsv == SvRV(sv) &&
-	    (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVAV ||
-	     SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVHV))
+	    (SvTYPE(varsv) == SVt_PVAV ||
+	     SvTYPE(varsv) == SVt_PVHV))
 	    Perl_croak(aTHX_
 		       "Self-ties of arrays and hashes are not supported");
-	sv_magic(varsv, sv, how, Nullch, 0);
+	sv_magic(varsv, (SvRV(sv) == varsv ? Nullsv : sv), how, Nullch, 0);
     }
     LEAVE;
     SP = PL_stack_base + markoff;
@@ -841,7 +882,7 @@ PP(pp_untie)
 	RETPUSHYES;
 
     if ((mg = SvTIED_mg(sv, how))) {
-	SV *obj = SvRV(mg->mg_obj);
+	SV *obj = SvRV(SvTIED_obj(sv, mg));
 	GV *gv;
 	CV *cv = NULL;
         if (obj) {
@@ -863,8 +904,8 @@ PP(pp_untie)
 		       (UV)SvREFCNT(obj) - 1 ) ;
            }
         }
-	sv_unmagic(sv, how) ;
     }
+    sv_unmagic(sv, how) ;
     RETPUSHYES;
 }
 
@@ -1004,15 +1045,19 @@ PP(pp_sselect)
     Zero(&fd_sets[0], 4, char*);
 #endif
 
-#  if SELECT_MIN_BITS > 1
+#  if SELECT_MIN_BITS == 1
+    growsize = sizeof(fd_set);
+#  else
+#   if defined(__GLIBC__) && defined(__FD_SETSIZE)
+#      undef SELECT_MIN_BITS
+#      define SELECT_MIN_BITS __FD_SETSIZE
+#   endif
     /* If SELECT_MIN_BITS is greater than one we most probably will want
      * to align the sizes with SELECT_MIN_BITS/8 because for example
      * in many little-endian (Intel, Alpha) systems (Linux, OS/2, Digital
      * UNIX, Solaris, NeXT, Darwin) the smallest quantum select() operates
      * on (sets/tests/clears bits) is 32 bits.  */
     growsize = maxlen + (SELECT_MIN_BITS/8 - (maxlen % (SELECT_MIN_BITS/8)));
-#  else
-    growsize = sizeof(fd_set);
 #  endif
 
     sv = SP[4];
@@ -1057,12 +1102,23 @@ PP(pp_sselect)
 #endif
     }
 
+#ifdef PERL_IRIX5_SELECT_TIMEVAL_VOID_CAST
+    /* Can't make just the (void*) conditional because that would be
+     * cpp #if within cpp macro, and not all compilers like that. */
+    nfound = PerlSock_select(
+	maxlen * 8,
+	(Select_fd_set_t) fd_sets[1],
+	(Select_fd_set_t) fd_sets[2],
+	(Select_fd_set_t) fd_sets[3],
+	(void*) tbuf); /* Workaround for compiler bug. */
+#else
     nfound = PerlSock_select(
 	maxlen * 8,
 	(Select_fd_set_t) fd_sets[1],
 	(Select_fd_set_t) fd_sets[2],
 	(Select_fd_set_t) fd_sets[3],
 	tbuf);
+#endif
     for (i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
 	if (fd_sets[i]) {
 	    sv = SP[i];
@@ -1166,6 +1222,7 @@ PP(pp_getc)
 	if (ckWARN2(WARN_UNOPENED,WARN_CLOSED)
 		&& (!io || (!IoIFP(io) && IoTYPE(io) != IoTYPE_WRONLY)))
 	    report_evil_fh(gv, io, PL_op->op_type);
+	SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
 	RETPUSHUNDEF;
     }
     TAINT;
@@ -1195,17 +1252,14 @@ S_doform(pTHX_ CV *cv, GV *gv, OP *retop)
 {
     register PERL_CONTEXT *cx;
     I32 gimme = GIMME_V;
-    AV* padlist = CvPADLIST(cv);
-    SV** svp = AvARRAY(padlist);
 
     ENTER;
     SAVETMPS;
 
-    push_return(retop);
     PUSHBLOCK(cx, CXt_FORMAT, PL_stack_sp);
     PUSHFORMAT(cx);
-    SAVEVPTR(PL_curpad);
-    PL_curpad = AvARRAY((AV*)svp[1]);
+    cx->blk_sub.retop = retop;
+    PAD_SET_CUR(CvPADLIST(cv), 1);
 
     setdefout(gv);	    /* locally select filehandle so $% et al work */
     return CvSTART(cv);
@@ -1282,7 +1336,7 @@ PP(pp_leavewrite)
 	    if (!IoTOP_NAME(io)) {
 		if (!IoFMT_NAME(io))
 		    IoFMT_NAME(io) = savepv(GvNAME(gv));
-		topname = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "%s_TOP", IoFMT_NAME(io)));
+		topname = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "%s_TOP", GvNAME(gv)));
 		topgv = gv_fetchpv(SvPVX(topname), FALSE, SVt_PVFM);
 		if ((topgv && GvFORM(topgv)) ||
 		  !gv_fetchpv("top",FALSE,SVt_PVFM))
@@ -1354,21 +1408,8 @@ PP(pp_leavewrite)
     fp = IoOFP(io);
     if (!fp) {
 	if (ckWARN2(WARN_CLOSED,WARN_IO)) {
-	    if (IoIFP(io)) {
-		/* integrate with report_evil_fh()? */
-	        char *name = NULL;
-		if (isGV(gv)) {
-		    SV* sv = sv_newmortal();
-		    gv_efullname4(sv, gv, Nullch, FALSE);
-		    name = SvPV_nolen(sv);
-		}
-		if (name && *name)
-		    Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_IO),
-				"Filehandle %s opened only for input", name);
-		else
-		    Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_IO),
-				"Filehandle opened only for input");
-	    }
+	    if (IoIFP(io))
+		report_evil_fh(gv, io, OP_phoney_INPUT_ONLY);
 	    else if (ckWARN(WARN_CLOSED))
 		report_evil_fh(gv, io, PL_op->op_type);
 	}
@@ -1393,7 +1434,7 @@ PP(pp_leavewrite)
     /* bad_ofp: */
     PL_formtarget = PL_bodytarget;
     PUTBACK;
-    return pop_return();
+    return cx->blk_sub.retop;
 }
 
 PP(pp_prtf)
@@ -1436,29 +1477,17 @@ PP(pp_prtf)
     if (!(io = GvIO(gv))) {
 	if (ckWARN2(WARN_UNOPENED,WARN_CLOSED))
 	    report_evil_fh(gv, io, PL_op->op_type);
-	SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS$_IFI);
+	SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
 	goto just_say_no;
     }
     else if (!(fp = IoOFP(io))) {
 	if (ckWARN2(WARN_CLOSED,WARN_IO))  {
-	    /* integrate with report_evil_fh()? */
-	    if (IoIFP(io)) {
-	        char *name = NULL;
-		if (isGV(gv)) {
-		    gv_efullname4(sv, gv, Nullch, FALSE);
-		    name = SvPV_nolen(sv);
-		}
-		if (name && *name)
-		    Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_IO),
-				"Filehandle %s opened only for input", name);
-		else
-		    Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_IO),
-				"Filehandle opened only for input");
-	    }
+	    if (IoIFP(io))
+		report_evil_fh(gv, io, OP_phoney_INPUT_ONLY);
 	    else if (ckWARN(WARN_CLOSED))
 		report_evil_fh(gv, io, PL_op->op_type);
 	}
-	SETERRNO(EBADF,IoIFP(io)?RMS$_FAC:RMS$_IFI);
+	SETERRNO(EBADF,IoIFP(io)?RMS_FAC:RMS_IFI);
 	goto just_say_no;
     }
     else {
@@ -1563,11 +1592,15 @@ PP(pp_sysread)
     else
 	offset = 0;
     io = GvIO(gv);
-    if (!io || !IoIFP(io))
+    if (!io || !IoIFP(io)) {
+	if (ckWARN2(WARN_UNOPENED,WARN_CLOSED))
+	    report_evil_fh(gv, io, PL_op->op_type);
+	SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
 	goto say_undef;
+    }
     if ((fp_utf8 = PerlIO_isutf8(IoIFP(io))) && !IN_BYTES) {
 	buffer = SvPVutf8_force(bufsv, blen);
-	/* UTF8 may not have been set if they are all low bytes */
+	/* UTF-8 may not have been set if they are all low bytes */
 	SvUTF8_on(bufsv);
     }
     else {
@@ -1632,7 +1665,10 @@ PP(pp_sysread)
     }
     if (DO_UTF8(bufsv)) {
 	/* convert offset-as-chars to offset-as-bytes */
-	offset = utf8_hop((U8 *)buffer,offset) - (U8 *) buffer;
+	if (offset >= (int)blen)
+	    offset += SvCUR(bufsv) - blen;
+	else
+	    offset = utf8_hop((U8 *)buffer,offset) - (U8 *) buffer;
     }
  more_bytes:
     bufsize = SvCUR(bufsv);
@@ -1677,21 +1713,7 @@ PP(pp_sysread)
     }
     if (count < 0) {
 	if ((IoTYPE(io) == IoTYPE_WRONLY) && ckWARN(WARN_IO))
-	{
-	    /* integrate with report_evil_fh()? */
-	    char *name = NULL;
-	    if (isGV(gv)) {
-		SV* sv = sv_newmortal();
-		gv_efullname4(sv, gv, Nullch, FALSE);
-		name = SvPV_nolen(sv);
-	    }
-	    if (name && *name)
-		Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_IO),
-			    "Filehandle %s opened only for output", name);
-	    else
-		Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_IO),
-			    "Filehandle opened only for output");
-	}
+		report_evil_fh(gv, io, OP_phoney_OUTPUT_ONLY);
 	goto say_undef;
     }
     SvCUR_set(bufsv, count+(buffer - SvPVX(bufsv)));
@@ -1805,16 +1827,24 @@ PP(pp_send)
 	retval = -1;
 	if (ckWARN(WARN_CLOSED))
 	    report_evil_fh(gv, io, PL_op->op_type);
+	SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
 	goto say_undef;
     }
 
     if (PerlIO_isutf8(IoIFP(io))) {
-	buffer = SvPVutf8(bufsv, blen);
+	if (!SvUTF8(bufsv)) {
+	    bufsv = sv_2mortal(newSVsv(bufsv));
+	    buffer = sv_2pvutf8(bufsv, &blen);
+	} else
+	    buffer = SvPV(bufsv, blen);
     }
     else {
-	if (DO_UTF8(bufsv))
-	    sv_utf8_downgrade(bufsv, FALSE);
-	buffer = SvPV(bufsv, blen);
+	 if (DO_UTF8(bufsv)) {
+	      /* Not modifying source SV, so making a temporary copy. */
+	      bufsv = sv_2mortal(newSVsv(bufsv));
+	      sv_utf8_downgrade(bufsv, FALSE);
+	 }
+	 buffer = SvPV(bufsv, blen);
     }
 
     if (PL_op->op_type == OP_SYSWRITE) {
@@ -2042,7 +2072,7 @@ PP(pp_truncate)
     /* XXX Configure probe for the length type of *truncate() needed XXX */
     Off_t len;
 
-#if Size_t_size > IVSIZE
+#if Off_t_size > IVSIZE
     len = (Off_t)POPn;
 #else
     len = (Off_t)POPi;
@@ -2056,22 +2086,31 @@ PP(pp_truncate)
         STRLEN n_a;
 	int result = 1;
 	GV *tmpgv;
-	
+	IO *io;
+
 	if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
 	    tmpgv = gv_fetchpv(POPpx, FALSE, SVt_PVIO);
 
-	do_ftruncate:
-	    TAINT_PROPER("truncate");
-	    if (!GvIO(tmpgv) || !IoIFP(GvIOp(tmpgv)))
-	        result = 0;
+	do_ftruncate_gv:
+	    if (!GvIO(tmpgv))
+		result = 0;
 	    else {
-	        PerlIO_flush(IoIFP(GvIOp(tmpgv)));
+		PerlIO *fp;
+		io = GvIOp(tmpgv);
+	    do_ftruncate_io:
+		TAINT_PROPER("truncate");
+		if (!(fp = IoIFP(io))) {
+		    result = 0;
+		}
+		else {
+		    PerlIO_flush(fp);
 #ifdef HAS_TRUNCATE
-		if (ftruncate(PerlIO_fileno(IoIFP(GvIOn(tmpgv))), len) < 0)
+		    if (ftruncate(PerlIO_fileno(fp), len) < 0)
 #else
-		if (my_chsize(PerlIO_fileno(IoIFP(GvIOn(tmpgv))), len) < 0)
+		    if (my_chsize(PerlIO_fileno(fp), len) < 0)
 #endif
-		    result = 0;
+			result = 0;
+		}
 	    }
 	}
 	else {
@@ -2080,11 +2119,15 @@ PP(pp_truncate)
 	
 	    if (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVGV) {
 	        tmpgv = (GV*)sv;		/* *main::FRED for example */
-		goto do_ftruncate;
+		goto do_ftruncate_gv;
 	    }
 	    else if (SvROK(sv) && SvTYPE(SvRV(sv)) == SVt_PVGV) {
 	        tmpgv = (GV*) SvRV(sv);	/* \*main::FRED for example */
-		goto do_ftruncate;
+		goto do_ftruncate_gv;
+	    }
+	    else if (SvROK(sv) && SvTYPE(SvRV(sv)) == SVt_PVIO) {
+		io = (IO*) SvRV(sv); /* *main::FRED{IO} for example */
+		goto do_ftruncate_io;
 	    }
 
 	    name = SvPV(sv, n_a);
@@ -2110,7 +2153,7 @@ PP(pp_truncate)
 	if (result)
 	    RETPUSHYES;
 	if (!errno)
-	    SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS$_IFI);
+	    SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
 	RETPUSHUNDEF;
     }
 #else
@@ -2137,7 +2180,7 @@ PP(pp_ioctl)
     if (!io || !argsv || !IoIFP(io)) {
 	if (ckWARN2(WARN_UNOPENED,WARN_CLOSED))
 	    report_evil_fh(gv, io, PL_op->op_type);
-	SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS$_IFI);	/* well, sort of... */
+	SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);	/* well, sort of... */
 	RETPUSHUNDEF;
     }
 
@@ -2167,16 +2210,17 @@ PP(pp_ioctl)
 	DIE(aTHX_ "ioctl is not implemented");
 #endif
     else
-#ifdef HAS_FCNTL
+#ifndef HAS_FCNTL
+      DIE(aTHX_ "fcntl is not implemented");
+#else
 #if defined(OS2) && defined(__EMX__)
 	retval = fcntl(PerlIO_fileno(IoIFP(io)), func, (int)s);
 #else
 	retval = fcntl(PerlIO_fileno(IoIFP(io)), func, s);
 #endif
-#else
-	DIE(aTHX_ "fcntl is not implemented");
 #endif
 
+#if defined(HAS_IOCTL) || defined(HAS_FCNTL)
     if (SvPOK(argsv)) {
 	if (s[SvCUR(argsv)] != 17)
 	    DIE(aTHX_ "Possible memory corruption: %s overflowed 3rd argument",
@@ -2193,6 +2237,7 @@ PP(pp_ioctl)
     else {
 	PUSHp(zero_but_true, ZBTLEN);
     }
+#endif
     RETURN;
 }
 
@@ -2225,7 +2270,7 @@ PP(pp_flock)
 	if (ckWARN2(WARN_UNOPENED,WARN_CLOSED))
 	    report_evil_fh(gv, io, PL_op->op_type);
 	value = 0;
-	SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS$_IFI);
+	SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
     }
     PUSHi(value);
     RETURN;
@@ -2255,7 +2300,7 @@ PP(pp_socket)
 	    report_evil_fh(gv, io, PL_op->op_type);
 	if (IoIFP(io))
 	    do_close(gv, FALSE);
-	SETERRNO(EBADF,LIB$_INVARG);
+	SETERRNO(EBADF,LIB_INVARG);
 	RETPUSHUNDEF;
     }
 
@@ -2266,8 +2311,8 @@ PP(pp_socket)
     fd = PerlSock_socket(domain, type, protocol);
     if (fd < 0)
 	RETPUSHUNDEF;
-    IoIFP(io) = PerlIO_fdopen(fd, "r");	/* stdio gets confused about sockets */
-    IoOFP(io) = PerlIO_fdopen(fd, "w");
+    IoIFP(io) = PerlIO_fdopen(fd, "r"SOCKET_OPEN_MODE);	/* stdio gets confused about sockets */
+    IoOFP(io) = PerlIO_fdopen(fd, "w"SOCKET_OPEN_MODE);
     IoTYPE(io) = IoTYPE_SOCKET;
     if (!IoIFP(io) || !IoOFP(io)) {
 	if (IoIFP(io)) PerlIO_close(IoIFP(io));
@@ -2328,11 +2373,11 @@ PP(pp_sockpair)
     TAINT_PROPER("socketpair");
     if (PerlSock_socketpair(domain, type, protocol, fd) < 0)
 	RETPUSHUNDEF;
-    IoIFP(io1) = PerlIO_fdopen(fd[0], "r");
-    IoOFP(io1) = PerlIO_fdopen(fd[0], "w");
+    IoIFP(io1) = PerlIO_fdopen(fd[0], "r"SOCKET_OPEN_MODE);
+    IoOFP(io1) = PerlIO_fdopen(fd[0], "w"SOCKET_OPEN_MODE);
     IoTYPE(io1) = IoTYPE_SOCKET;
-    IoIFP(io2) = PerlIO_fdopen(fd[1], "r");
-    IoOFP(io2) = PerlIO_fdopen(fd[1], "w");
+    IoIFP(io2) = PerlIO_fdopen(fd[1], "r"SOCKET_OPEN_MODE);
+    IoOFP(io2) = PerlIO_fdopen(fd[1], "w"SOCKET_OPEN_MODE);
     IoTYPE(io2) = IoTYPE_SOCKET;
     if (!IoIFP(io1) || !IoOFP(io1) || !IoIFP(io2) || !IoOFP(io2)) {
 	if (IoIFP(io1)) PerlIO_close(IoIFP(io1));
@@ -2406,7 +2451,7 @@ PP(pp_bind)
 nuts:
     if (ckWARN(WARN_CLOSED))
 	report_evil_fh(gv, io, PL_op->op_type);
-    SETERRNO(EBADF,SS$_IVCHAN);
+    SETERRNO(EBADF,SS_IVCHAN);
     RETPUSHUNDEF;
 #else
     DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_sock_func, "bind");
@@ -2436,7 +2481,7 @@ PP(pp_connect)
 nuts:
     if (ckWARN(WARN_CLOSED))
 	report_evil_fh(gv, io, PL_op->op_type);
-    SETERRNO(EBADF,SS$_IVCHAN);
+    SETERRNO(EBADF,SS_IVCHAN);
     RETPUSHUNDEF;
 #else
     DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_sock_func, "connect");
@@ -2462,7 +2507,7 @@ PP(pp_listen)
 nuts:
     if (ckWARN(WARN_CLOSED))
 	report_evil_fh(gv, io, PL_op->op_type);
-    SETERRNO(EBADF,SS$_IVCHAN);
+    SETERRNO(EBADF,SS_IVCHAN);
     RETPUSHUNDEF;
 #else
     DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_sock_func, "listen");
@@ -2477,10 +2522,13 @@ PP(pp_accept)
     GV *ggv;
     register IO *nstio;
     register IO *gstio;
-    struct sockaddr saddr;	/* use a struct to avoid alignment problems */
-    Sock_size_t len = sizeof saddr;
+    char namebuf[MAXPATHLEN];
+#if (defined(VMS_DO_SOCKETS) && defined(DECCRTL_SOCKETS)) || defined(MPE) || defined(__QNXNTO__)
+    Sock_size_t len = sizeof (struct sockaddr_in);
+#else
+    Sock_size_t len = sizeof namebuf;
+#endif
     int fd;
-    int fd2;
 
     ggv = (GV*)POPs;
     ngv = (GV*)POPs;
@@ -2495,17 +2543,13 @@ PP(pp_accept)
 	goto nuts;
 
     nstio = GvIOn(ngv);
-    fd = PerlSock_accept(PerlIO_fileno(IoIFP(gstio)), (struct sockaddr *)&saddr, &len);
+    fd = PerlSock_accept(PerlIO_fileno(IoIFP(gstio)), (struct sockaddr *) namebuf, &len);
     if (fd < 0)
 	goto badexit;
     if (IoIFP(nstio))
 	do_close(ngv, FALSE);
-    IoIFP(nstio) = PerlIO_fdopen(fd, "r");
-    /* FIXME: we dup(fd) here so that refcounting of fd's does not inhibit
-       fclose of IoOFP's FILE * - and hence leak memory.
-       Special treatment of _this_ case of IoIFP != IoOFP seems wrong.
-     */
-    IoOFP(nstio) = PerlIO_fdopen(fd2 = PerlLIO_dup(fd), "w");
+    IoIFP(nstio) = PerlIO_fdopen(fd, "r"SOCKET_OPEN_MODE);
+    IoOFP(nstio) = PerlIO_fdopen(fd, "w"SOCKET_OPEN_MODE);
     IoTYPE(nstio) = IoTYPE_SOCKET;
     if (!IoIFP(nstio) || !IoOFP(nstio)) {
 	if (IoIFP(nstio)) PerlIO_close(IoIFP(nstio));
@@ -2515,21 +2559,23 @@ PP(pp_accept)
     }
 #if defined(HAS_FCNTL) && defined(F_SETFD)
     fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, fd > PL_maxsysfd);	/* ensure close-on-exec */
-    fcntl(fd2, F_SETFD, fd2 > PL_maxsysfd);	/* ensure close-on-exec */
 #endif
 
 #ifdef EPOC
-    len = sizeof saddr;          /* EPOC somehow truncates info */
+    len = sizeof (struct sockaddr_in); /* EPOC somehow truncates info */
     setbuf( IoIFP(nstio), NULL); /* EPOC gets confused about sockets */
 #endif
+#ifdef __SCO_VERSION__
+    len = sizeof (struct sockaddr_in); /* OpenUNIX 8 somehow truncates info */
+#endif
 
-    PUSHp((char *)&saddr, len);
+    PUSHp(namebuf, len);
     RETURN;
 
 nuts:
     if (ckWARN(WARN_CLOSED))
 	report_evil_fh(ggv, ggv ? GvIO(ggv) : 0, PL_op->op_type);
-    SETERRNO(EBADF,SS$_IVCHAN);
+    SETERRNO(EBADF,SS_IVCHAN);
 
 badexit:
     RETPUSHUNDEF;
@@ -2556,7 +2602,7 @@ PP(pp_shutdown)
 nuts:
     if (ckWARN(WARN_CLOSED))
 	report_evil_fh(gv, io, PL_op->op_type);
-    SETERRNO(EBADF,SS$_IVCHAN);
+    SETERRNO(EBADF,SS_IVCHAN);
     RETPUSHUNDEF;
 #else
     DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_sock_func, "shutdown");
@@ -2635,7 +2681,7 @@ PP(pp_ssockopt)
 nuts:
     if (ckWARN(WARN_CLOSED))
 	report_evil_fh(gv, io, optype);
-    SETERRNO(EBADF,SS$_IVCHAN);
+    SETERRNO(EBADF,SS_IVCHAN);
 nuts2:
     RETPUSHUNDEF;
 
@@ -2708,7 +2754,7 @@ PP(pp_getpeername)
 nuts:
     if (ckWARN(WARN_CLOSED))
 	report_evil_fh(gv, io, optype);
-    SETERRNO(EBADF,SS$_IVCHAN);
+    SETERRNO(EBADF,SS_IVCHAN);
 nuts2:
     RETPUSHUNDEF;
 
@@ -2823,7 +2869,7 @@ PP(pp_stat)
 	PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVpvn("", 0)));
 #endif
 #if Off_t_size > IVSIZE
-	PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVnv(PL_statcache.st_size)));
+	PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVnv((NV)PL_statcache.st_size)));
 #else
 	PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSViv(PL_statcache.st_size)));
 #endif
@@ -2847,14 +2893,24 @@ PP(pp_stat)
     RETURN;
 }
 
+/* This macro is used by the stacked filetest operators :
+ * if the previous filetest failed, short-circuit and pass its value.
+ * Else, discard it from the stack and continue. --rgs
+ */
+#define STACKED_FTEST_CHECK if (PL_op->op_private & OPpFT_STACKED) { \
+	if (TOPs == &PL_sv_no || TOPs == &PL_sv_undef) { RETURN; } \
+	else { (void)POPs; PUTBACK; } \
+    }
+
 PP(pp_ftrread)
 {
     I32 result;
     dSP;
+    STACKED_FTEST_CHECK;
 #if defined(HAS_ACCESS) && defined(R_OK)
-    STRLEN n_a;
-    if ((PL_hints & HINT_FILETEST_ACCESS) && SvPOK(TOPs)) {
-	result = access(TOPpx, R_OK);
+    if ((PL_op->op_private & OPpFT_ACCESS) && SvPOK(TOPs)) {
+	STRLEN n_a;
+	result = access(POPpx, R_OK);
 	if (result == 0)
 	    RETPUSHYES;
 	if (result < 0)
@@ -2878,10 +2934,11 @@ PP(pp_ftrwrite)
 {
     I32 result;
     dSP;
+    STACKED_FTEST_CHECK;
 #if defined(HAS_ACCESS) && defined(W_OK)
-    STRLEN n_a;
-    if ((PL_hints & HINT_FILETEST_ACCESS) && SvPOK(TOPs)) {
-	result = access(TOPpx, W_OK);
+    if ((PL_op->op_private & OPpFT_ACCESS) && SvPOK(TOPs)) {
+	STRLEN n_a;
+	result = access(POPpx, W_OK);
 	if (result == 0)
 	    RETPUSHYES;
 	if (result < 0)
@@ -2905,10 +2962,11 @@ PP(pp_ftrexec)
 {
     I32 result;
     dSP;
+    STACKED_FTEST_CHECK;
 #if defined(HAS_ACCESS) && defined(X_OK)
-    STRLEN n_a;
-    if ((PL_hints & HINT_FILETEST_ACCESS) && SvPOK(TOPs)) {
-	result = access(TOPpx, X_OK);
+    if ((PL_op->op_private & OPpFT_ACCESS) && SvPOK(TOPs)) {
+	STRLEN n_a;
+	result = access(POPpx, X_OK);
 	if (result == 0)
 	    RETPUSHYES;
 	if (result < 0)
@@ -2932,10 +2990,11 @@ PP(pp_fteread)
 {
     I32 result;
     dSP;
+    STACKED_FTEST_CHECK;
 #ifdef PERL_EFF_ACCESS_R_OK
-    STRLEN n_a;
-    if ((PL_hints & HINT_FILETEST_ACCESS) && SvPOK(TOPs)) {
-	result = PERL_EFF_ACCESS_R_OK(TOPpx);
+    if ((PL_op->op_private & OPpFT_ACCESS) && SvPOK(TOPs)) {
+	STRLEN n_a;
+	result = PERL_EFF_ACCESS_R_OK(POPpx);
 	if (result == 0)
 	    RETPUSHYES;
 	if (result < 0)
@@ -2959,10 +3018,11 @@ PP(pp_ftewrite)
 {
     I32 result;
     dSP;
+    STACKED_FTEST_CHECK;
 #ifdef PERL_EFF_ACCESS_W_OK
-    STRLEN n_a;
-    if ((PL_hints & HINT_FILETEST_ACCESS) && SvPOK(TOPs)) {
-	result = PERL_EFF_ACCESS_W_OK(TOPpx);
+    if ((PL_op->op_private & OPpFT_ACCESS) && SvPOK(TOPs)) {
+	STRLEN n_a;
+	result = PERL_EFF_ACCESS_W_OK(POPpx);
 	if (result == 0)
 	    RETPUSHYES;
 	if (result < 0)
@@ -2986,10 +3046,11 @@ PP(pp_fteexec)
 {
     I32 result;
     dSP;
+    STACKED_FTEST_CHECK;
 #ifdef PERL_EFF_ACCESS_X_OK
-    STRLEN n_a;
-    if ((PL_hints & HINT_FILETEST_ACCESS) && SvPOK(TOPs)) {
-	result = PERL_EFF_ACCESS_X_OK(TOPpx);
+    if ((PL_op->op_private & OPpFT_ACCESS) && SvPOK(TOPs)) {
+	STRLEN n_a;
+	result = PERL_EFF_ACCESS_X_OK(POPpx);
 	if (result == 0)
 	    RETPUSHYES;
 	if (result < 0)
@@ -3011,8 +3072,11 @@ PP(pp_fteexec)
 
 PP(pp_ftis)
 {
-    I32 result = my_stat();
+    I32 result;
     dSP;
+    STACKED_FTEST_CHECK;
+    result = my_stat();
+    SPAGAIN;
     if (result < 0)
 	RETPUSHUNDEF;
     RETPUSHYES;
@@ -3025,8 +3089,11 @@ PP(pp_fteowned)
 
 PP(pp_ftrowned)
 {
-    I32 result = my_stat();
+    I32 result;
     dSP;
+    STACKED_FTEST_CHECK;
+    result = my_stat();
+    SPAGAIN;
     if (result < 0)
 	RETPUSHUNDEF;
     if (PL_statcache.st_uid == (PL_op->op_type == OP_FTEOWNED ?
@@ -3037,8 +3104,11 @@ PP(pp_ftrowned)
 
 PP(pp_ftzero)
 {
-    I32 result = my_stat();
+    I32 result;
     dSP;
+    STACKED_FTEST_CHECK;
+    result = my_stat();
+    SPAGAIN;
     if (result < 0)
 	RETPUSHUNDEF;
     if (PL_statcache.st_size == 0)
@@ -3048,8 +3118,11 @@ PP(pp_ftzero)
 
 PP(pp_ftsize)
 {
-    I32 result = my_stat();
+    I32 result;
     dSP; dTARGET;
+    STACKED_FTEST_CHECK;
+    result = my_stat();
+    SPAGAIN;
     if (result < 0)
 	RETPUSHUNDEF;
 #if Off_t_size > IVSIZE
@@ -3062,38 +3135,50 @@ PP(pp_ftsize)
 
 PP(pp_ftmtime)
 {
-    I32 result = my_stat();
+    I32 result;
     dSP; dTARGET;
+    STACKED_FTEST_CHECK;
+    result = my_stat();
+    SPAGAIN;
     if (result < 0)
 	RETPUSHUNDEF;
-    PUSHn( (PL_basetime - PL_statcache.st_mtime) / 86400.0 );
+    PUSHn( (((NV)PL_basetime - PL_statcache.st_mtime)) / 86400.0 );
     RETURN;
 }
 
 PP(pp_ftatime)
 {
-    I32 result = my_stat();
+    I32 result;
     dSP; dTARGET;
+    STACKED_FTEST_CHECK;
+    result = my_stat();
+    SPAGAIN;
     if (result < 0)
 	RETPUSHUNDEF;
-    PUSHn( (PL_basetime - PL_statcache.st_atime) / 86400.0 );
+    PUSHn( (((NV)PL_basetime - PL_statcache.st_atime)) / 86400.0 );
     RETURN;
 }
 
 PP(pp_ftctime)
 {
-    I32 result = my_stat();
+    I32 result;
     dSP; dTARGET;
+    STACKED_FTEST_CHECK;
+    result = my_stat();
+    SPAGAIN;
     if (result < 0)
 	RETPUSHUNDEF;
-    PUSHn( (PL_basetime - PL_statcache.st_ctime) / 86400.0 );
+    PUSHn( (((NV)PL_basetime - PL_statcache.st_ctime)) / 86400.0 );
     RETURN;
 }
 
 PP(pp_ftsock)
 {
-    I32 result = my_stat();
+    I32 result;
     dSP;
+    STACKED_FTEST_CHECK;
+    result = my_stat();
+    SPAGAIN;
     if (result < 0)
 	RETPUSHUNDEF;
     if (S_ISSOCK(PL_statcache.st_mode))
@@ -3103,8 +3188,11 @@ PP(pp_ftsock)
 
 PP(pp_ftchr)
 {
-    I32 result = my_stat();
+    I32 result;
     dSP;
+    STACKED_FTEST_CHECK;
+    result = my_stat();
+    SPAGAIN;
     if (result < 0)
 	RETPUSHUNDEF;
     if (S_ISCHR(PL_statcache.st_mode))
@@ -3114,8 +3202,11 @@ PP(pp_ftchr)
 
 PP(pp_ftblk)
 {
-    I32 result = my_stat();
+    I32 result;
     dSP;
+    STACKED_FTEST_CHECK;
+    result = my_stat();
+    SPAGAIN;
     if (result < 0)
 	RETPUSHUNDEF;
     if (S_ISBLK(PL_statcache.st_mode))
@@ -3125,8 +3216,11 @@ PP(pp_ftblk)
 
 PP(pp_ftfile)
 {
-    I32 result = my_stat();
+    I32 result;
     dSP;
+    STACKED_FTEST_CHECK;
+    result = my_stat();
+    SPAGAIN;
     if (result < 0)
 	RETPUSHUNDEF;
     if (S_ISREG(PL_statcache.st_mode))
@@ -3136,8 +3230,11 @@ PP(pp_ftfile)
 
 PP(pp_ftdir)
 {
-    I32 result = my_stat();
+    I32 result;
     dSP;
+    STACKED_FTEST_CHECK;
+    result = my_stat();
+    SPAGAIN;
     if (result < 0)
 	RETPUSHUNDEF;
     if (S_ISDIR(PL_statcache.st_mode))
@@ -3147,8 +3244,11 @@ PP(pp_ftdir)
 
 PP(pp_ftpipe)
 {
-    I32 result = my_stat();
+    I32 result;
     dSP;
+    STACKED_FTEST_CHECK;
+    result = my_stat();
+    SPAGAIN;
     if (result < 0)
 	RETPUSHUNDEF;
     if (S_ISFIFO(PL_statcache.st_mode))
@@ -3171,7 +3271,9 @@ PP(pp_ftsuid)
 {
     dSP;
 #ifdef S_ISUID
-    I32 result = my_stat();
+    I32 result;
+    STACKED_FTEST_CHECK;
+    result = my_stat();
     SPAGAIN;
     if (result < 0)
 	RETPUSHUNDEF;
@@ -3185,7 +3287,9 @@ PP(pp_ftsgid)
 {
     dSP;
 #ifdef S_ISGID
-    I32 result = my_stat();
+    I32 result;
+    STACKED_FTEST_CHECK;
+    result = my_stat();
     SPAGAIN;
     if (result < 0)
 	RETPUSHUNDEF;
@@ -3199,7 +3303,9 @@ PP(pp_ftsvtx)
 {
     dSP;
 #ifdef S_ISVTX
-    I32 result = my_stat();
+    I32 result;
+    STACKED_FTEST_CHECK;
+    result = my_stat();
     SPAGAIN;
     if (result < 0)
 	RETPUSHUNDEF;
@@ -3217,6 +3323,8 @@ PP(pp_fttty)
     char *tmps = Nullch;
     STRLEN n_a;
 
+    STACKED_FTEST_CHECK;
+
     if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_REF)
 	gv = cGVOP_gv;
     else if (isGV(TOPs))
@@ -3259,6 +3367,8 @@ PP(pp_fttext)
     STRLEN n_a;
     PerlIO *fp;
 
+    STACKED_FTEST_CHECK;
+
     if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_REF)
 	gv = cGVOP_gv;
     else if (isGV(TOPs))
@@ -3314,7 +3424,7 @@ PP(pp_fttext)
 		gv = cGVOP_gv;
 		report_evil_fh(gv, GvIO(gv), PL_op->op_type);
 	    }
-	    SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS$_IFI);
+	    SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
 	    RETPUSHUNDEF;
 	}
     }
@@ -3326,7 +3436,7 @@ PP(pp_fttext)
 	PL_laststype = OP_STAT;
 	sv_setpv(PL_statname, SvPV(sv, n_a));
 	if (!(fp = PerlIO_open(SvPVX(PL_statname), "r"))) {
-	    if (ckWARN(WARN_NEWLINE) && strchr(SvPV(sv, n_a), '\n'))
+	    if (ckWARN(WARN_NEWLINE) && strchr(SvPV(PL_statname, n_a), '\n'))
 		Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_NEWLINE), PL_warn_nl, "open");
 	    RETPUSHUNDEF;
 	}
@@ -3643,21 +3753,21 @@ S_dooneliner(pTHX_ char *cmd, char *filename)
 #define EACCES EPERM
 #endif
 	    if (instr(s, "cannot make"))
-		SETERRNO(EEXIST,RMS$_FEX);
+		SETERRNO(EEXIST,RMS_FEX);
 	    else if (instr(s, "existing file"))
-		SETERRNO(EEXIST,RMS$_FEX);
+		SETERRNO(EEXIST,RMS_FEX);
 	    else if (instr(s, "ile exists"))
-		SETERRNO(EEXIST,RMS$_FEX);
+		SETERRNO(EEXIST,RMS_FEX);
 	    else if (instr(s, "non-exist"))
-		SETERRNO(ENOENT,RMS$_FNF);
+		SETERRNO(ENOENT,RMS_FNF);
 	    else if (instr(s, "does not exist"))
-		SETERRNO(ENOENT,RMS$_FNF);
+		SETERRNO(ENOENT,RMS_FNF);
 	    else if (instr(s, "not empty"))
-		SETERRNO(EBUSY,SS$_DEVOFFLINE);
+		SETERRNO(EBUSY,SS_DEVOFFLINE);
 	    else if (instr(s, "cannot access"))
-		SETERRNO(EACCES,RMS$_PRV);
+		SETERRNO(EACCES,RMS_PRV);
 	    else
-		SETERRNO(EPERM,RMS$_PRV);
+		SETERRNO(EPERM,RMS_PRV);
 	    return 0;
 	}
 	else {	/* some mkdirs return no failure indication */
@@ -3667,7 +3777,7 @@ S_dooneliner(pTHX_ char *cmd, char *filename)
 	    if (anum)
 		SETERRNO(0,0);
 	    else
-		SETERRNO(EACCES,RMS$_PRV);	/* a guess */
+		SETERRNO(EACCES,RMS_PRV);	/* a guess */
 	}
 	return anum;
     }
@@ -3676,6 +3786,26 @@ S_dooneliner(pTHX_ char *cmd, char *filename)
 }
 #endif
 
+/* This macro removes trailing slashes from a directory name.
+ * Different operating and file systems take differently to
+ * trailing slashes.  According to POSIX 1003.1 1996 Edition
+ * any number of trailing slashes should be allowed.
+ * Thusly we snip them away so that even non-conforming
+ * systems are happy.
+ * We should probably do this "filtering" for all
+ * the functions that expect (potentially) directory names:
+ * -d, chdir(), chmod(), chown(), chroot(), fcntl()?,
+ * (mkdir()), opendir(), rename(), rmdir(), stat(). --jhi */
+
+#define TRIMSLASHES(tmps,len,copy) (tmps) = SvPV(TOPs, (len)); \
+    if ((len) > 1 && (tmps)[(len)-1] == '/') { \
+	do { \
+	    (len)--; \
+	} while ((len) > 1 && (tmps)[(len)-1] == '/'); \
+	(tmps) = savepvn((tmps), (len)); \
+	(copy) = TRUE; \
+    }
+
 PP(pp_mkdir)
 {
     dSP; dTARGET;
@@ -3692,22 +3822,7 @@ PP(pp_mkdir)
     else
 	mode = 0777;
 
-    tmps = SvPV(TOPs, len);
-    /* Different operating and file systems take differently to
-     * trailing slashes.  According to POSIX 1003.1 1996 Edition
-     * any number of trailing slashes should be allowed.
-     * Thusly we snip them away so that even non-conforming
-     * systems are happy. */
-    /* We should probably do this "filtering" for all
-     * the functions that expect (potentially) directory names:
-     * -d, chdir(), chmod(), chown(), chroot(), fcntl()?,
-     * (mkdir()), opendir(), rename(), rmdir(), stat(). --jhi */
-    if (len > 1 && tmps[len-1] == '/') {
-	while (tmps[len] == '/' && len > 1)
-	    len--;
-	tmps = savepvn(tmps, len);
-	copy = TRUE;
-    }
+    TRIMSLASHES(tmps,len,copy);
 
     TAINT_PROPER("mkdir");
 #ifdef HAS_MKDIR
@@ -3726,16 +3841,19 @@ PP(pp_mkdir)
 PP(pp_rmdir)
 {
     dSP; dTARGET;
+    STRLEN len;
     char *tmps;
-    STRLEN n_a;
+    bool copy = FALSE;
 
-    tmps = POPpx;
+    TRIMSLASHES(tmps,len,copy);
     TAINT_PROPER("rmdir");
 #ifdef HAS_RMDIR
-    XPUSHi( PerlDir_rmdir(tmps) >= 0 );
+    SETi( PerlDir_rmdir(tmps) >= 0 );
 #else
-    XPUSHi( dooneliner("rmdir", tmps) );
+    SETi( dooneliner("rmdir", tmps) );
 #endif
+    if (copy)
+	Safefree(tmps);
     RETURN;
 }
 
@@ -3761,7 +3879,7 @@ PP(pp_open_dir)
     RETPUSHYES;
 nope:
     if (!errno)
-	SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS$_DIR);
+	SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_DIR);
     RETPUSHUNDEF;
 #else
     DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_dir_func, "opendir");
@@ -3770,59 +3888,52 @@ nope:
 
 PP(pp_readdir)
 {
-#if defined(Direntry_t) && defined(HAS_READDIR)
-    dSP;
+#if !defined(Direntry_t) || !defined(HAS_READDIR)
+    DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_dir_func, "readdir");
+#else
 #if !defined(I_DIRENT) && !defined(VMS)
     Direntry_t *readdir (DIR *);
 #endif
+    dSP;
+
+    SV *sv;
+    I32 gimme = GIMME;
+    GV *gv = (GV *)POPs;
     register Direntry_t *dp;
-    GV *gv = (GV*)POPs;
     register IO *io = GvIOn(gv);
-    SV *sv;
 
     if (!io || !IoDIRP(io))
 	goto nope;
 
-    if (GIMME == G_ARRAY) {
-	/*SUPPRESS 560*/
-	while ((dp = (Direntry_t *)PerlDir_read(IoDIRP(io)))) {
-#ifdef DIRNAMLEN
-	    sv = newSVpvn(dp->d_name, dp->d_namlen);
-#else
-	    sv = newSVpv(dp->d_name, 0);
-#endif
-#ifndef INCOMPLETE_TAINTS
-	    if (!(IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_UNTAINT))
-		SvTAINTED_on(sv);
-#endif
-	    XPUSHs(sv_2mortal(sv));
-	}
-    }
-    else {
-	if (!(dp = (Direntry_t *)PerlDir_read(IoDIRP(io))))
-	    goto nope;
+    do {
+        dp = (Direntry_t *)PerlDir_read(IoDIRP(io));
+        if (!dp)
+            break;
 #ifdef DIRNAMLEN
-	sv = newSVpvn(dp->d_name, dp->d_namlen);
+        sv = newSVpvn(dp->d_name, dp->d_namlen);
 #else
-	sv = newSVpv(dp->d_name, 0);
+        sv = newSVpv(dp->d_name, 0);
 #endif
 #ifndef INCOMPLETE_TAINTS
-	if (!(IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_UNTAINT))
-	    SvTAINTED_on(sv);
+        if (!(IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_UNTAINT))
+            SvTAINTED_on(sv);
 #endif
-	XPUSHs(sv_2mortal(sv));
+        XPUSHs(sv_2mortal(sv));
     }
+    while (gimme == G_ARRAY);
+
+    if (!dp && gimme != G_ARRAY)
+        goto nope;
+
     RETURN;
 
 nope:
     if (!errno)
-	SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS$_ISI);
+	SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_ISI);
     if (GIMME == G_ARRAY)
 	RETURN;
     else
 	RETPUSHUNDEF;
-#else
-    DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_dir_func, "readdir");
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -3847,7 +3958,7 @@ PP(pp_telldir)
     RETURN;
 nope:
     if (!errno)
-	SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS$_ISI);
+	SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_ISI);
     RETPUSHUNDEF;
 #else
     DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_dir_func, "telldir");
@@ -3870,7 +3981,7 @@ PP(pp_seekdir)
     RETPUSHYES;
 nope:
     if (!errno)
-	SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS$_ISI);
+	SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_ISI);
     RETPUSHUNDEF;
 #else
     DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_dir_func, "seekdir");
@@ -3891,7 +4002,7 @@ PP(pp_rewinddir)
     RETPUSHYES;
 nope:
     if (!errno)
-	SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS$_ISI);
+	SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_ISI);
     RETPUSHUNDEF;
 #else
     DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_dir_func, "rewinddir");
@@ -3921,7 +4032,7 @@ PP(pp_closedir)
     RETPUSHYES;
 nope:
     if (!errno)
-	SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS$_IFI);
+	SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS_IFI);
     RETPUSHUNDEF;
 #else
     DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_dir_func, "closedir");
@@ -3949,6 +4060,9 @@ PP(pp_fork)
 	    sv_setiv(GvSV(tmpgv), (IV)PerlProc_getpid());
             SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(tmpgv));
         }
+#ifdef THREADS_HAVE_PIDS
+	PL_ppid = (IV)getppid();
+#endif
 	hv_clear(PL_pidstatus);	/* no kids, so don't wait for 'em */
     }
     PUSHi(childpid);
@@ -3978,13 +4092,14 @@ PP(pp_wait)
     Pid_t childpid;
     int argflags;
 
-#ifdef PERL_OLD_SIGNALS
-    childpid = wait4pid(-1, &argflags, 0);
-#else
-    while ((childpid = wait4pid(-1, &argflags, 0)) == -1 && errno == EINTR) {
-	PERL_ASYNC_CHECK();
+    if (PL_signals & PERL_SIGNALS_UNSAFE_FLAG)
+        childpid = wait4pid(-1, &argflags, 0);
+    else {
+        while ((childpid = wait4pid(-1, &argflags, 0)) == -1 &&
+	       errno == EINTR) {
+	  PERL_ASYNC_CHECK();
+	}
     }
-#endif
 #  if defined(USE_ITHREADS) && defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS)
     /* 0 and -1 are both error returns (the former applies to WNOHANG case) */
     STATUS_NATIVE_SET((childpid && childpid != -1) ? argflags : -1);
@@ -4002,26 +4117,28 @@ PP(pp_waitpid)
 {
 #if (!defined(DOSISH) || defined(OS2) || defined(WIN32)) && !defined(MACOS_TRADITIONAL)
     dSP; dTARGET;
-    Pid_t childpid;
+    Pid_t pid;
+    Pid_t result;
     int optype;
     int argflags;
 
     optype = POPi;
-    childpid = TOPi;
-#ifdef PERL_OLD_SIGNALS
-    childpid = wait4pid(childpid, &argflags, optype);
-#else
-    while ((childpid = wait4pid(childpid, &argflags, optype)) == -1 && errno == EINTR) {
-	PERL_ASYNC_CHECK();
+    pid = TOPi;
+    if (PL_signals & PERL_SIGNALS_UNSAFE_FLAG)
+        result = wait4pid(pid, &argflags, optype);
+    else {
+        while ((result = wait4pid(pid, &argflags, optype)) == -1 &&
+	       errno == EINTR) {
+	  PERL_ASYNC_CHECK();
+	}
     }
-#endif
 #  if defined(USE_ITHREADS) && defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS)
     /* 0 and -1 are both error returns (the former applies to WNOHANG case) */
-    STATUS_NATIVE_SET((childpid && childpid != -1) ? argflags : -1);
+    STATUS_NATIVE_SET((result && result != -1) ? argflags : -1);
 #  else
-    STATUS_NATIVE_SET((childpid > 0) ? argflags : -1);
+    STATUS_NATIVE_SET((result > 0) ? argflags : -1);
 #  endif
-    SETi(childpid);
+    SETi(result);
     RETURN;
 #else
     DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_func, "waitpid");
@@ -4040,18 +4157,11 @@ PP(pp_system)
 	TAINT_ENV();
 	while (++MARK <= SP) {
 	    (void)SvPV_nolen(*MARK);      /* stringify for taint check */
-	    if (PL_tainted) 
+	    if (PL_tainted)
 		break;
 	}
 	MARK = ORIGMARK;
-	/* XXX Remove warning at end of deprecation cycle --RD 2002-02  */
-	if (SP - MARK == 1) {
-	    TAINT_PROPER("system");
-	}
-	else if (ckWARN2(WARN_TAINT, WARN_DEPRECATED)) {
-	    Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_TAINT, WARN_DEPRECATED),
-		"Use of tainted arguments in %s is deprecated", "system");
-	}
+	TAINT_PROPER("system");
     }
     PERL_FLUSHALL_FOR_CHILD;
 #if (defined(HAS_FORK) || defined(AMIGAOS)) && !defined(VMS) && !defined(OS2) || defined(PERL_MICRO)
@@ -4123,26 +4233,35 @@ PP(pp_system)
 	    fcntl(pp[1], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
 #endif
 	}
+	if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) {
+	    SV *really = *++MARK;
+	    value = (I32)do_aexec5(really, MARK, SP, pp[1], did_pipes);
+	}
+	else if (SP - MARK != 1)
+	    value = (I32)do_aexec5(Nullsv, MARK, SP, pp[1], did_pipes);
+	else {
+	    value = (I32)do_exec3(SvPVx(sv_mortalcopy(*SP), n_a), pp[1], did_pipes);
+	}
+	PerlProc__exit(-1);
     }
-    if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) {
-	SV *really = *++MARK;
-	value = (I32)do_aexec5(really, MARK, SP, pp[1], did_pipes);
-    }
-    else if (SP - MARK != 1)
-	value = (I32)do_aexec5(Nullsv, MARK, SP, pp[1], did_pipes);
-    else {
-	value = (I32)do_exec3(SvPVx(sv_mortalcopy(*SP), n_a), pp[1], did_pipes);
-    }
-    PerlProc__exit(-1);
 #else /* ! FORK or VMS or OS/2 */
     PL_statusvalue = 0;
     result = 0;
     if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) {
 	SV *really = *++MARK;
+#  if defined(WIN32) || defined(OS2)
+	value = (I32)do_aspawn(really, MARK, SP);
+#  else
 	value = (I32)do_aspawn(really, (void **)MARK, (void **)SP);
+#  endif
     }
-    else if (SP - MARK != 1)
+    else if (SP - MARK != 1) {
+#  if defined(WIN32) || defined(OS2)
+	value = (I32)do_aspawn(Nullsv, MARK, SP);
+#  else
 	value = (I32)do_aspawn(Nullsv, (void **)MARK, (void **)SP);
+#  endif
+    }
     else {
 	value = (I32)do_spawn(SvPVx(sv_mortalcopy(*SP), n_a));
     }
@@ -4166,18 +4285,11 @@ PP(pp_exec)
 	TAINT_ENV();
 	while (++MARK <= SP) {
 	    (void)SvPV_nolen(*MARK);      /* stringify for taint check */
-	    if (PL_tainted) 
+	    if (PL_tainted)
 		break;
 	}
 	MARK = ORIGMARK;
-	/* XXX Remove warning at end of deprecation cycle --RD 2002-02  */
-	if (SP - MARK == 1) {
-	    TAINT_PROPER("exec");
-	}
-	else if (ckWARN2(WARN_TAINT, WARN_DEPRECATED)) {
-	    Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_TAINT, WARN_DEPRECATED),
-		"Use of tainted arguments in %s is deprecated", "exec");
-	}
+	TAINT_PROPER("exec");
     }
     PERL_FLUSHALL_FOR_CHILD;
     if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_STACKED) {
@@ -4233,7 +4345,11 @@ PP(pp_getppid)
 {
 #ifdef HAS_GETPPID
     dSP; dTARGET;
+#   ifdef THREADS_HAVE_PIDS
+    XPUSHi( PL_ppid );
+#   else
     XPUSHi( getppid() );
+#   endif
     RETURN;
 #else
     DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_func, "getppid");
@@ -4338,26 +4454,6 @@ PP(pp_time)
     RETURN;
 }
 
-/* XXX The POSIX name is CLK_TCK; it is to be preferred
-   to HZ.  Probably.  For now, assume that if the system
-   defines HZ, it does so correctly.  (Will this break
-   on VMS?)
-   Probably we ought to use _sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK), if
-   it's supported.    --AD  9/96.
-*/
-
-#ifdef __BEOS__
-#  define HZ 1000000
-#endif
-
-#ifndef HZ
-#  ifdef CLK_TCK
-#    define HZ CLK_TCK
-#  else
-#    define HZ 60
-#  endif
-#endif
-
 PP(pp_tms)
 {
 #ifdef HAS_TIMES
@@ -4371,15 +4467,27 @@ PP(pp_tms)
                                                    /* is returned.                   */
 #endif
 
-    PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVnv(((NV)PL_timesbuf.tms_utime)/HZ)));
+    PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVnv(((NV)PL_timesbuf.tms_utime)/(NV)PL_clocktick)));
     if (GIMME == G_ARRAY) {
-	PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVnv(((NV)PL_timesbuf.tms_stime)/HZ)));
-	PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVnv(((NV)PL_timesbuf.tms_cutime)/HZ)));
-	PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVnv(((NV)PL_timesbuf.tms_cstime)/HZ)));
+	PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVnv(((NV)PL_timesbuf.tms_stime)/(NV)PL_clocktick)));
+	PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVnv(((NV)PL_timesbuf.tms_cutime)/(NV)PL_clocktick)));
+	PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVnv(((NV)PL_timesbuf.tms_cstime)/(NV)PL_clocktick)));
     }
     RETURN;
 #else
+#   ifdef PERL_MICRO
+    dSP;
+    PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVnv((NV)0.0)));
+    EXTEND(SP, 4);
+    if (GIMME == G_ARRAY) {
+	 PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVnv((NV)0.0)));
+	 PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVnv((NV)0.0)));
+	 PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVnv((NV)0.0)));
+    }
+    RETURN;
+#   else
     DIE(aTHX_ "times not implemented");
+#   endif
 #endif /* HAS_TIMES */
 }
 
@@ -4955,6 +5063,9 @@ PP(pp_gservent)
 	char *proto = POPpbytex;
 	unsigned short port = (unsigned short)POPu;
 
+	if (proto && !*proto)
+	    proto = Nullch;
+
 #ifdef HAS_HTONS
 	port = PerlSock_htons(port);
 #endif
@@ -5140,7 +5251,7 @@ PP(pp_gpwent)
      * AIX getpwnam() is clever enough to return the encrypted password
      * only if the caller (euid?) is root.
      *
-     * There are at least two other shadow password APIs.  Many platforms
+     * There are at least three other shadow password APIs.  Many platforms
      * seem to contain more than one interface for accessing the shadow
      * password databases, possibly for compatibility reasons.
      * The getsp*() is by far he simplest one, the other two interfaces
@@ -5162,6 +5273,12 @@ PP(pp_gpwent)
      * char *(getespw*(...).ufld.fd_encrypt)
      * Mention HAS_GETESPWNAM here so that Configure probes for it.
      *
+     * <userpw.h> (AIX)
+     * struct userpw *getuserpw();
+     * The password is in
+     * char *(getuserpw(...)).spw_upw_passwd
+     * (but the de facto standard getpwnam() should work okay)
+     *
      * Mention I_PROT here so that Configure probes for it.
      *
      * In HP-UX for getprpw*() the manual page claims that one should include
@@ -5184,6 +5301,12 @@ PP(pp_gpwent)
      * --jhi
      */
 
+#   if defined(__CYGWIN__) && defined(USE_REENTRANT_API)
+    /* Cygwin 1.5.3-1 has buggy getpwnam_r() and getpwuid_r():
+     * the pw_comment is left uninitialized. */
+    PL_reentrant_buffer->_pwent_struct.pw_comment = NULL;
+#   endif
+
     switch (which) {
     case OP_GPWNAM:
       {
@@ -5200,6 +5323,9 @@ PP(pp_gpwent)
     case OP_GPWENT:
 #   ifdef HAS_GETPWENT
 	pwent  = getpwent();
+#ifdef POSIX_BC   /* In some cases pw_passwd has invalid addresses */
+	if (pwent) pwent = getpwnam(pwent->pw_name);
+#endif
 #   else
 	DIE(aTHX_ PL_no_func, "getpwent");
 #   endif
@@ -5244,7 +5370,9 @@ PP(pp_gpwent)
 	 * Divert the urge to writing an extension instead.
 	 *
 	 * --jhi */
-#   ifdef HAS_GETSPNAM
+	/* Some AIX setups falsely(?) detect some getspnam(), which
+	 * has a different API than the Solaris/IRIX one. */
+#   if defined(HAS_GETSPNAM) && !defined(_AIX)
 	{
 	    struct spwd *spwent;
 	    int saverrno; /* Save and restore errno so that