X-Git-Url: http://git.shadowcat.co.uk/gitweb/gitweb.cgi?a=blobdiff_plain;f=pod%2Fperltoot.pod;h=38cc1f3e659761ae9e066a4902efd54911ff125a;hb=1c102323748677709a3cb1ae901516a4e38b750e;hp=2f5634c58c607448eb262983aa4d8addc0dd089b;hpb=31412f2807c0207e41242206134c82bc4e8c566c;p=p5sagit%2Fp5-mst-13.2.git

diff --git a/pod/perltoot.pod b/pod/perltoot.pod
index 2f5634c..38cc1f3 100644
--- a/pod/perltoot.pod
+++ b/pod/perltoot.pod
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ the same name as the class as the constructor.
 =head2 Object Representation
 
 By far the most common mechanism used in Perl to represent a Pascal
-record, a C struct, or a C++ class an anonymous hash.  That's because a
+record, a C struct, or a C++ class is an anonymous hash.  That's because a
 hash has an arbitrary number of data fields, each conveniently accessed by
 an arbitrary name of your own devising.
 
@@ -111,8 +111,8 @@ by up-casing the hash keys:
         PEERS => [ "Norbert", "Rhys", "Phineas"],
     };
 
-And so you could get at C<$rec-E<gt>{NAME}> to find "Jason", or
-C<@{ $rec-E<gt>{PEERS} }> to get at "Norbert", "Rhys", and "Phineas".
+And so you could get at C<< $rec->{NAME} >> to find "Jason", or
+C<< @{ $rec->{PEERS} } >> to get at "Norbert", "Rhys", and "Phineas".
 (Have you ever noticed how many 23-year-old programmers seem to
 be named "Jason" these days? :-)
 
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ be made through methods.
 Perl doesn't impose restrictions on who gets to use which methods.
 The public-versus-private distinction is by convention, not syntax.
 (Well, unless you use the Alias module described below in
-L</"Data Members as Variables">.)  Occasionally you'll see method names beginning or ending
+L<Data Members as Variables>.)  Occasionally you'll see method names beginning or ending
 with an underscore or two.  This marking is a convention indicating
 that the methods are private to that class alone and sometimes to its
 closest acquaintances, its immediate subclasses.  But this distinction
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ do more than fetch or set one particular field.
     sub exclaim {
         my $self = shift;
         return sprintf "Hi, I'm %s, age %d, working with %s",
-            $self->{NAME}, $self->{AGE}, join(", ", $self->{PEERS});
+            $self->{NAME}, $self->{AGE}, join(", ", @{$self->{PEERS}});
     }
 
 Or maybe even one like this:
@@ -425,6 +425,10 @@ this could be done:
 Notice how there's no memory to deallocate in the destructor?  That's
 something that Perl takes care of for you all by itself.
 
+Alternatively, you could use the Class::Data::Inheritable module from
+CPAN.
+
+
 =head2 Accessing Class Data
 
 It turns out that this is not really a good way to go about handling
@@ -542,7 +546,7 @@ and DESTROY methods as follows:
     }
 
 What happens if a derived class (which we'll call Employee) inherits
-methods from this Person base class?  Then C<Employee-E<gt>debug()>, when called
+methods from this Person base class?  Then C<< Employee->debug() >>, when called
 as a class method, manipulates $Person::Debugging not $Employee::Debugging.
 
 =head2 Class Destructors
@@ -799,7 +803,7 @@ base class.  If the original base class has been designed properly,
 then the new derived class can be used as a drop-in replacement for the
 old one.  This means you should be able to write a program like this:
 
-    use Employee
+    use Employee;
     my $empl = Employee->new();
     $empl->name("Jason");
     $empl->age(23);
@@ -816,7 +820,7 @@ What do we mean by the Person::new() function -- isn't that actually
 a method?  Well, in principle, yes.  A method is just a function that
 expects as its first argument a class name (package) or object
 (blessed reference).   Person::new() is the function that both the
-C<Person-E<gt>new()> method and the C<Employee-E<gt>new()> method end
+C<< Person->new() >> method and the C<< Employee->new() >> method end
 up calling.  Understand that while a method call looks a lot like a
 function call, they aren't really quite the same, and if you treat them
 as the same, you'll very soon be left with nothing but broken programs.
@@ -1124,8 +1128,7 @@ it happens when you say
 If you wanted to add version checking to your Person class explained
 above, just add this to Person.pm:
 
-    use vars qw($VERSION);
-    $VERSION = '1.1';
+    our $VERSION = '1.1';
 
 and then in Employee.pm could you can say
 
@@ -1363,7 +1366,7 @@ constructor will look like when taking this approach:
 
     package Person;
     use Carp;
-    use vars qw($AUTOLOAD);  # it's a package global
+    our $AUTOLOAD;  # it's a package global
 
     my %fields = (
 	name        => undef,
@@ -1433,8 +1436,7 @@ Here's how to be careful:
     package Employee;
     use Person;
     use strict;
-    use vars qw(@ISA);
-    @ISA = qw(Person);
+    our @ISA = qw(Person);
 
     my %fields = (
 	id          => undef,
@@ -1560,16 +1562,15 @@ Here's the whole implementation:
 
     BEGIN {
 	use Exporter   ();
-	use vars       qw(@EXPORT @EXPORT_OK %EXPORT_TAGS);
-	@EXPORT      = qw(gethostbyname gethostbyaddr gethost);
-	@EXPORT_OK   = qw(
-			   $h_name         @h_aliases
-			   $h_addrtype     $h_length
-			   @h_addr_list    $h_addr
-		       );
-	%EXPORT_TAGS = ( FIELDS => [ @EXPORT_OK, @EXPORT ] );
+	our @EXPORT      = qw(gethostbyname gethostbyaddr gethost);
+	our @EXPORT_OK   = qw(
+			       $h_name         @h_aliases
+			       $h_addrtype     $h_length
+			       @h_addr_list    $h_addr
+			   );
+	our %EXPORT_TAGS = ( FIELDS => [ @EXPORT_OK, @EXPORT ] );
     }
-    use vars      @EXPORT_OK;
+    our @EXPORT_OK;
 
     # Class::Struct forbids use of @ISA
     sub import { goto &Exporter::import }
@@ -1661,7 +1662,7 @@ update value fields in the hash.  Convenient, eh?
     }
 
     use Alias qw(attr);
-    use vars qw($NAME $AGE $PEERS);
+    our ($NAME, $AGE, $PEERS);
 
     sub name {
 	my $self = attr shift;
@@ -1692,7 +1693,7 @@ update value fields in the hash.  Convenient, eh?
         return ++$AGE;
     }
 
-The need for the C<use vars> declaration is because what Alias does
+The need for the C<our> declaration is because what Alias does
 is play with package globals with the same name as the fields.  To use
 globals while C<use strict> is in effect, you have to predeclare them.
 These package variables are localized to the block enclosing the attr()
@@ -1703,7 +1704,7 @@ as with any other local().
 It would be nice to combine Alias with
 something like Class::Struct or Class::MethodMaker.
 
-=head2 NOTES
+=head1 NOTES
 
 =head2 Object Terminology
 
@@ -1730,7 +1731,7 @@ as a class or object method is by usage only.  You could accidentally
 call a class method (one expecting a string argument) on an
 object (one expecting a reference), or vice versa.
 
-Z<>From the C++ perspective, all methods in Perl are virtual.
+From the C++ perspective, all methods in Perl are virtual.
 This, by the way, is why they are never checked for function
 prototypes in the argument list as regular builtin and user-defined
 functions can be.
@@ -1753,27 +1754,35 @@ L<perltie>,
 and
 L<overload>.
 
-=head1 COPYRIGHT
+L<perlboot> is a kinder, gentler introduction to object-oriented
+programming.
+
+L<perltootc> provides more detail on class data.
+
+Some modules which might prove interesting are Class::Accessor,
+Class::Class, Class::Contract, Class::Data::Inheritable,
+Class::MethodMaker and Tie::SecureHash
+
 
-I I<really> hate to have to say this, but recent unpleasant
-experiences have mandated its inclusion:
-
-    Copyright 1996 Tom Christiansen.  All Rights Reserved.
-
-This work derives in part from the second edition of I<Programming Perl>.
-Although destined for release as a manpage with the standard Perl
-distribution, it is not public domain (nor is any of Perl and its docset:
-publishers beware).  It's expected to someday make its way into a revision
-of the Camel Book.  While it is copyright by me with all rights reserved,
-permission is granted to freely distribute verbatim copies of this
-document provided that no modifications outside of formatting be made,
-and that this notice remain intact.  You are permitted and encouraged to
-use its code and derivatives thereof in your own source code for fun or
-for profit as you see fit.  But so help me, if in six months I find some
-book out there with a hacked-up version of this material in it claiming to
-be written by someone else, I'll tell all the world that you're a jerk.
-Furthermore, your lawyer will meet my lawyer (or O'Reilly's) over lunch
-to arrange for you to receive your just deserts.  Count on it.
+=head1 AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
+
+Copyright (c) 1997, 1998 Tom Christiansen 
+All rights reserved.
+
+When included as part of the Standard Version of Perl, or as part of
+its complete documentation whether printed or otherwise, this work
+may be distributed only under the terms of Perl's Artistic License.
+Any distribution of this file or derivatives thereof I<outside>
+of that package require that special arrangements be made with
+copyright holder.
+
+Irrespective of its distribution, all code examples in this file
+are hereby placed into the public domain.  You are permitted and
+encouraged to use this code in your own programs for fun
+or for profit as you see fit.  A simple comment in the code giving
+credit would be courteous but is not required.
+
+=head1 COPYRIGHT
 
 =head2 Acknowledgments