X-Git-Url: http://git.shadowcat.co.uk/gitweb/gitweb.cgi?a=blobdiff_plain;f=pod%2Fperltoc.pod;h=df44b38ffe29394a961d4e4ce3d7096138a58721;hb=1a67a97c0300941ac67bfb1dd421467b8c59e21c;hp=224ad5e863b94f2a53e14c66f30c59a6fcb3d68a;hpb=ff0cee690d2ef6ba882e59dd4baaa0c944adb7a2;p=p5sagit%2Fp5-mst-13.2.git diff --git a/pod/perltoc.pod b/pod/perltoc.pod index 224ad5e..df44b38 100644 --- a/pod/perltoc.pod +++ b/pod/perltoc.pod @@ -17,16 +17,19 @@ through to locate the proper section you're looking for. =item DESCRIPTION -Many usability enhancements, Simplified grammar, Lexical scoping, -Arbitrarily nested data structures, Modularity and reusability, -Object-oriented programming, Embeddable and Extensible, POSIX compliant, -Package constructors and destructors, Multiple simultaneous DBM -implementations, Subroutine definitions may now be autoloaded, Regular -expression enhancements, Innumerable Unbundled Modules, Compilability +modularity and reusability using innumerable modules, embeddable and +extensible, roll-your-own magic variables (including multiple simultaneous +DBM implementations), subroutines can now be overridden, autoloaded, and +prototyped, arbitrarily nested data structures and anonymous functions, +object-oriented programming, compilability into C code or Perl bytecode, +support for light-weight processes (threads), support for +internationalization, localization, and Unicode, lexical scoping, regular +expression enhancements, enhanced debugger and interactive Perl +environment, with integrated editor support, POSIX 1003.1 compliant library -=item ENVIRONMENT +=item AVAILABILITY -HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5DB, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERLLIB +=item ENVIRONMENT =item AUTHOR @@ -40,1770 +43,5396 @@ HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5DB, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERLLIB =item NOTES -=head2 perldelta - what's new for perl5.004 +=head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23 +20:38:02 $) + +=item DESCRIPTION + +perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ, L: General Questions +About Perl, What is Perl?, Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it +free?, Which version of Perl should I use?, What are perl4 and perl5?, What +is perl6?, How stable is Perl?, Is Perl difficult to learn?, How does Perl +compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, Scheme, or Tcl?, Can +I do [task] in Perl?, When shouldn't I program in Perl?, What's the +difference between "perl" and "Perl"?, Is it a Perl program or a Perl +script?, What is a JAPH?, Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?, +How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version +(5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language)?, L: Obtaining and +Learning about Perl, What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?, How +can I get a binary version of Perl?, I don't have a C compiler on my +system. How can I compile perl?, I copied the Perl binary from one machine +to another, but scripts don't work, I grabbed the sources and tried to +compile but gdbm/dynamic loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make +it work?, What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is +CPAN? What does CPAN/src/... mean?, Is there an ISO or ANSI certified +version of Perl?, Where can I get information on Perl?, What are the Perl +newsgroups on USENET? Where do I post questions?, Where should I post +source code?, Perl Books, Perl in Magazines, Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW +Access, What mailing lists are there for perl?, Archives of +comp.lang.perl.misc, Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?, Where +do I send bug reports?, What is perl.com?, L: Programming Tools, +How do I do (anything)?, How can I use Perl interactively?, Is there a Perl +shell?, How do I debug my Perl programs?, How do I profile my Perl +programs?, How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?, Is there a +pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?, Is there a ctags for Perl?, Is there +an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?, Where can I get Perl macros for vi?, Where +can I get perl-mode for emacs?, How can I use curses with Perl?, How can I +use X or Tk with Perl?, How can I generate simple menus without using CGI +or Tk?, What is undump?, How can I make my Perl program run faster?, How +can I make my Perl program take less memory?, Is it unsafe to return a +pointer to local data?, How can I free an array or hash so my program +shrinks?, How can I make my CGI script more efficient?, How can I hide the +source for my Perl program?, How can I compile my Perl program into byte +code or C?, How can I compile Perl into Java?, How can I get C<#!perl> to +work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?, Can I write useful perl programs on the command +line?, Why don't perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?, Where can +I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?, Where can I learn about +object-oriented Perl programming?, Where can I learn about linking C with +Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp], I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't +embed perl inmy C program, what am I doing wrong?, When I tried to run my +script, I got this message. What does itmean?, What's MakeMaker?, +L: Data Manipulation, Why am I getting long decimals (eg, +19.9499999999999) instead of the numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?, +Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?, Does Perl have a round() +function? What about ceil() and floor()? Trig functions?, How do I +convert bits into ints?, Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?, How do I +multiply matrices?, How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?, +How can I output Roman numerals?, Why aren't my random numbers random?, How +do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?, How do I find the current +century or millennium?, How can I compare two dates and find the +difference?, How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?, How +can I find the Julian Day?, How do I find yesterday's date?, Does Perl have +a year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?, How do I validate input?, How +do I unescape a string?, How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?, +How do I expand function calls in a string?, How do I find matching/nesting +anything?, How do I reverse a string?, How do I expand tabs in a string?, +How do I reformat a paragraph?, How can I access/change the first N letters +of a string?, How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?, How can I +count the number of occurrences of a substring within a string?, How do I +capitalize all the words on one line?, How can I split a [character] +delimited string except when inside[character]? (Comma-separated files), +How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?, How do I +pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?, How do I extract +selected columns from a string?, How do I find the soundex value of a +string?, How can I expand variables in text strings?, What's wrong with +always quoting "$vars"?, Why don't my EEHERE documents work?, What +is the difference between a list and an array?, What is the difference +between $array[1] and @array[1]?, How can I remove duplicate elements from +a list or array?, How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain +element?, How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute +the intersection of two arrays?, How do I test whether two arrays or hashes +are equal?, How do I find the first array element for which a condition is +true?, How do I handle linked lists?, How do I handle circular lists?, How +do I shuffle an array randomly?, How do I process/modify each element of an +array?, How do I select a random element from an array?, How do I permute N +elements of a list?, How do I sort an array by (anything)?, How do I +manipulate arrays of bits?, Why does defined() return true on empty arrays +and hashes?, How do I process an entire hash?, What happens if I add or +remove keys from a hash while iterating over it?, How do I look up a hash +element by value?, How can I know how many entries are in a hash?, How do I +sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?, How can I always keep my +hash sorted?, What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with +hashes?, Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?, How +do I reset an each() operation part-way through?, How can I get the unique +keys from two hashes?, How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM +file?, How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?, +Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create it?, +How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or array +of hashes or arrays?, How can I use a reference as a hash key?, How do I +handle binary data correctly?, How do I determine whether a scalar is a +number/whole/integer/float?, How do I keep persistent data across program +calls?, How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?, How do I +define methods for every class/object?, How do I verify a credit card +checksum?, How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?, +L: Files and Formats, How do I flush/unbuffer an output +filehandle? Why must I do this?, How do I change one line in a file/delete +a line in a file/insert a line in the middle of a file/append to the +beginning of a file?, How do I count the number of lines in a file?, How do +I make a temporary file name?, How can I manipulate fixed-record-length +files?, How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass +filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?, +How can I use a filehandle indirectly?, How can I set up a footer format to +be used with write()?, How can I write() into a string?, How can I output +my numbers with commas added?, How can I translate tildes (~) in a +filename?, How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?, Why do +I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use E*E?, Is +there a leak/bug in glob()?, How can I open a file with a leading "E" +or trailing blanks?, How can I reliably rename a file?, How can I lock a +file?, Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?, I still don't get locking. + I just want to increment the number in the file. How can I do this?, How +do I randomly update a binary file?, How do I get a file's timestamp in +perl?, How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?, How do I print to more +than one file at once?, How can I read in an entire file all at once?, How +can I read in a file by paragraphs?, How can I read a single character from +a file? From the keyboard?, How can I tell whether there's a character +waiting on a filehandle?, How do I do a C in perl?, How do I dup() +a filehandle in Perl?, How do I close a file descriptor by number?, Why +can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't `C:\temp\foo.exe` +work?, Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?, Why does Perl let me +delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber protected files? Isn't +this a bug in Perl?, How do I select a random line from a file?, Why do I +get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?, L: Regexps, How +can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible and +unmaintainable code?, I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. +What's wrong?, How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are +themselves on different lines?, I put a regular expression into $/ but it +didn't work. What's wrong?, How do I substitute case insensitively on the +LHS, but preserving case on the RHS?, How can I make C<\w> match national +character sets?, How can I match a locale-smart version of C?, +How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?, What is C really for?, +How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a file?, +Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?, What does it +mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?, How do I process +each word on each line?, How can I print out a word-frequency or +line-frequency summary?, How can I do approximate matching?, How do I +efficiently match many regular expressions at once?, Why don't +word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?, Why does using $&, $`, or +$' slow my program down?, What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?, Are +Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?, What's wrong with +using grep or map in a void context?, How can I match strings with +multibyte characters?, How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the +user?, L: General Perl Language Issues, Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE +for the Perl language?, What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how +do I know when to use them?, Do I always/never have to quote my strings or +use semicolons and commas?, How do I skip some return values?, How do I +temporarily block warnings?, What's an extension?, Why do Perl operators +have different precedence than C operators?, How do I declare/create a +structure?, How do I create a module?, How do I create a class?, How can I +tell if a variable is tainted?, What's a closure?, What is variable suicide +and how can I prevent it?, How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, +Array, Hash, Method, Regex}?, How do I create a static variable?, What's +the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? Between +local() and my()?, How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly +named lexical is in scope?, What's the difference between deep and shallow +binding?, Why doesn't "my($foo) = EFILEE;" work right?, How do I +redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?, What's the difference +between calling a function as &foo and foo()?, How do I create a switch or +case statement?, How can I catch accesses to undefined +variables/functions/methods?, Why can't a method included in this same file +be found?, How can I find out my current package?, How can I comment out a +large block of perl code?, How do I clear a package?, How can I use a +variable as a variable name?, L: System Interaction, How do I +find out which operating system I'm running under?, How come exec() doesn't +return?, How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?, How do I +print something out in color?, How do I read just one key without waiting +for a return key?, How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?, +How do I clear the screen?, How do I get the screen size?, How do I ask the +user for a password?, How do I read and write the serial port?, How do I +decode encrypted password files?, How do I start a process in the +background?, How do I trap control characters/signals?, How do I modify the +shadow password file on a Unix system?, How do I set the time and date?, +How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?, How can I measure time +under a second?, How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception +handling), Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? +What does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?, How can I call +my system's unique C functions from Perl?, Where do I get the include files +to do ioctl() or syscall()?, Why do setuid perl scripts complain about +kernel problems?, How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?, Why +can't I get the output of a command with system()?, How can I capture +STDERR from an external command?, Why doesn't open() return an error when a +pipe open fails?, What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?, How +can I call backticks without shell processing?, Why can't my script read +from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, ^Z on MS-DOS)?, How can I +convert my shell script to perl?, Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp +session?, How can I write expect in Perl?, Is there a way to hide perl's +command line from programs such as "ps"?, I {changed directory, modified my +environment} in a perl script. How come the change disappeared when I +exited the script? How do I get my changes to be visible?, How do I close +a process's filehandle without waiting for it to complete?, How do I fork a +daemon process?, How do I make my program run with sh and csh?, How do I +find out if I'm running interactively or not?, How do I timeout a slow +event?, How do I set CPU limits?, How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?, +How do I use an SQL database?, How do I make a system() exit on control-C?, +How do I open a file without blocking?, How do I install a module from +CPAN?, What's the difference between require and use?, How do I keep my own +module/library directory?, How do I add the directory my program lives in +to the module/library search path?, How do I add a directory to my include +path at runtime?, What is socket.ph and where do I get it?, L: +Networking, My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. +(500 Server Error), How can I get better error messages from a CGI +program?, How do I remove HTML from a string?, How do I extract URLs?, How +do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a file on +another machine?, How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?, How do I fetch an +HTML file?, How do I automate an HTML form submission?, How do I decode or +create those %-encodings on the web?, How do I redirect to another page?, +How do I put a password on my web pages?, How do I edit my .htpasswd and +.htgroup files with Perl?, How do I make sure users can't enter values into +a form that cause my CGI script to do bad things?, How do I parse a mail +header?, How do I decode a CGI form?, How do I check a valid mail address?, +How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?, How do I return the user's mail +address?, How do I send mail?, How do I read mail?, How do I find out my +hostname/domainname/IP address?, How do I fetch a news article or the +active newsgroups?, How do I fetch/put an FTP file?, How can I do RPC in +Perl? -=item DESCRIPTION +=over -=item Supported Environments +=item Where to get this document -=item Core Changes +=item How to contribute to this document -=over +=item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the +authors -=item Compilation Option: Binary Compatibility With 5.003 +=back -=item New Opcode Module and Revised Safe Module +=item Credits -=item Internal Change: FileHandle Deprecated +=item Author and Copyright Information -=item Internal Change: PerlIO internal IO abstraction interface +=over -=item New and Changed Built-in Variables +=item Bundled Distributions -$^E, $^H, $^M +=item Disclaimer -=item New and Changed Built-in Functions +=back -delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in -Control Structures, unpack() and pack(), use VERSION, use Module VERSION -LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), $_ as Default, C does not trigger a pos() -reset on failure, nested C closures work now, formats work right on -changing lexicals +=item Changes -=item New Built-in Methods +23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98, 24/April/97, 23/April/97, +25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version, Initial Release: 11/March/97 -isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ) +=head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $, $Date: +1999/05/23 16:08:30 $) -=item TIEHANDLE Now Supported +=item DESCRIPTION -TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, READLINE this, DESTROY this, -Efficiency Enhancements +=over -=back +=item What is Perl? -=item Pragmata +=item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free? -use blib, use blib 'dir', use locale, use ops, use vmsish +=item Which version of Perl should I use? -=item Modules +=item What are perl4 and perl5? -=over +=item What is perl6? + +=item How stable is Perl? -=item Installation Directories +=item Is Perl difficult to learn? -=item Fcntl +=item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, +Scheme, or Tcl? -=item Module Information Summary +=item Can I do [task] in Perl? -=item IO +=item When shouldn't I program in Perl? -=item Math::Complex +=item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"? -=item DB_File +=item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script? -=item Net::Ping +=item What is a JAPH? -=item Overridden Built-ins +=item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms? + +=item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version +(5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language)? =back -=item Utility Changes +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=over +=head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.31 $, +$Date: 1999/04/14 03:46:19 $) -=item xsubpp +=item DESCRIPTION -C XSUBs now default to returning nothing +=over -=back +=item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it? -=item C Language API Changes +=item How can I get a binary version of Perl? -C and C +=item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl? -=item Documentation Changes +=item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts +don't work. -L, L, L, L, L, -L +=item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic +loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work? -=item New Diagnostics +=item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN? +What does CPAN/src/... mean? -"my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is -not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too -large, Attempt to free non-existent shared string, Attempt to use reference -as lvalue in substr, Unsupported function fork, Ill-formed logical name -|%s| in prime_env_iter, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict -refs" in use, Constant subroutine %s redefined, Died, Integer overflow in -hex number, Integer overflow in octal number, Name "%s::%s" used only once: -possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Stub found -while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Cannot -resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `s', Out of memory!, Out of -memory during request for %s, Possible attempt to put comments in qw() -list, Possible attempt to separate words with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} -better written as $%s{%s}, untie attempted while %d inner references still -exist, Value of %s construct can be "0"; test with defined(), Variable "%s" -may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared, Warning: -something's wrong, Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, -PERL_SH_DIR too long, Process terminated by SIG%s +=item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl? -=item BUGS +=item Where can I get information on Perl? -=item SEE ALSO +=item What are the Perl newsgroups on USENET? Where do I post questions? -=item HISTORY +=item Where should I post source code? -=head2 perldata - Perl data types +=item Perl Books -=item DESCRIPTION +References, Tutorials + *Learning Perl [2nd edition] + by Randal L. Schwartz and Tom Christiansen + with foreword by Larry Wall, Task-Oriented, Special Topics -=over +=item Perl in Magazines -=item Variable names +=item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access -=item Context +=item What mailing lists are there for perl? -=item Scalar values +=item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc -=item Scalar value constructors +=item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl? -=item List value constructors +=item Where do I send bug reports? -=item Typeglobs and Filehandles +=item What is perl.com? =back -=head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 +16:08:30 $) =item DESCRIPTION =over -=item Declarations +=item How do I do (anything)? -=item Simple statements +=item How can I use Perl interactively? -=item Compound statements +=item Is there a Perl shell? -=item Loop Control +=item How do I debug my Perl programs? -=item For Loops +=item How do I profile my Perl programs? -=item Foreach Loops +=item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs? -=item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements +=item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl? -=item Goto +=item Is there a ctags for Perl? -=item PODs: Embedded Documentation +=item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor? -=item Plain Old Comments (Not!) +=item Where can I get Perl macros for vi? -=back +=item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs? -=head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence +=item How can I use curses with Perl? -=item SYNOPSIS +=item How can I use X or Tk with Perl? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk? -=over +=item What is undump? -=item Terms and List Operators (Leftward) +=item How can I make my Perl program run faster? -=item The Arrow Operator +=item How can I make my Perl program take less memory? -=item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement +=item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data? -=item Exponentiation +=item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks? -=item Symbolic Unary Operators +=item How can I make my CGI script more efficient? -=item Binding Operators +=item How can I hide the source for my Perl program? -=item Multiplicative Operators +=item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C? -=item Additive Operators +=item How can I compile Perl into Java? -=item Shift Operators +=item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]? -=item Named Unary Operators +=item Can I write useful perl programs on the command line? -=item Relational Operators +=item Why don't perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system? -=item Equality Operators +=item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl? -=item Bitwise And +=item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming? -=item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or +=item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp] -=item C-style Logical And +=item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in +my C program, what am I doing wrong? -=item C-style Logical Or +=item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it +mean? -=item Range Operator +=item What's MakeMaker? -=item Conditional Operator +=back -=item Assignment Operators +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=item Comma Operator +=head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 +20:37:49 $) -=item List Operators (Rightward) +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Logical Not +=item Data: Numbers -=item Logical And +=over -=item Logical or and Exclusive Or +=item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the +numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)? -=item C Operators Missing From Perl +=item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly? -unary &, unary *, (TYPE) +=item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()? +Trig functions? -=item Quote and Quote-like Operators +=item How do I convert bits into ints? -=item Regexp Quote-Like Operators +=item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to? -?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/gimosx, /PATTERN/gimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>, -qq/STRING/, "STRING", qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/, -s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, -y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds +=item How do I multiply matrices? -=item I/O Operators +=item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers? -=item Constant Folding +=item How can I output Roman numerals? -=item Integer Arithmetic +=item Why aren't my random numbers random? =back -=head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions +=item Data: Dates -=item DESCRIPTION +=over -i, m, s, x +=item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year? -=over +=item How do I find the current century or millennium? -=item Regular Expressions +=item How can I compare two dates and find the difference? -(?#text), (?:regexp), (?=regexp), (?!regexp), (?imsx) +=item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds? -=item Backtracking +=item How can I find the Julian Day? -=item Version 8 Regular Expressions +=item How do I find yesterday's date? -=item WARNING on \1 vs $1 +=item Does Perl have a year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant? =back -=head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter +=item Data: Strings -=item SYNOPSIS +=over -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How do I validate input? -=over +=item How do I unescape a string? -=item Switches +=item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters? -B<-0>[I], B<-a>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I, B<-D>I, -B<-D>I, B<-e> I, B<-F>I, B<-h>, -B<-i>[I], B<-I>I, B<-l>[I], -B<-m>[B<->]I, B<-M>[B<->]I, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>, -B<-[mM]>[B<->]I, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>, -B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I, B<-w>, B<-x> I +=item How do I expand function calls in a string? -=back +=item How do I find matching/nesting anything? -=head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions +=item How do I reverse a string? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How do I expand tabs in a string? - I +=item How do I reformat a paragraph? -=over +=item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string? -=item Perl Functions by Category +=item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something? -Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching, -Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data, -Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed -length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories, -Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related -to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process -groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and -object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess -communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network -info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted -in perl5 +=item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a +string? -=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions +=item How do I capitalize all the words on one line? --I FILEHANDLE, -I EXPR, -I, abs VALUE, abs, accept -NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, -binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, -chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, -chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, -close FILEHANDLE, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, -cos EXPR, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose ASSOC_ARRAY, dbmopen -ASSOC,DBNAME,MODE, defined EXPR, defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, -do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, each ASSOC_ARRAY, eof FILEHANDLE, -eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp -EXPR, exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock -FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE, LIST, getc -FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, -getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, -getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, -getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr -ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, -getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, -setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, -setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, -endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt -SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, -goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index -STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl -FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys ASSOC_ARRAY, kill LIST, -last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, -link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, -log EXPR, log, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, -map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MODE, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, -msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, my EXPR, next LABEL, -next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, -opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package -NAMESPACE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, -print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, -printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, -qq/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, -rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, -readdir DIRHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LEN,FLAGS, -redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require EXPR, -require, reset EXPR, reset, return LIST, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, -rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, -scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select -FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl -ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send -SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority -WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY, -shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, -shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep -EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair -SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST, -sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, -splice ARRAY,OFFSET, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, -split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, -stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, -sub NAME BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LEN, substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink -OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen -FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, -sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, system LIST, syswrite -FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, tell -FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied -VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate -EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef -EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, -unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module LIST, use Module, use Module VERSION LIST, -use VERSION, utime LIST, values ASSOC_ARRAY, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, -waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, -write, y/// +=item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside +[character]? (Comma-separated files) -=back +=item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string? -=head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables +=item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How do I extract selected columns from a string? -=over +=item How do I find the soundex value of a string? -=item Predefined Names +=item How can I expand variables in text strings? -$ARG, $_, $EIE, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $', -$LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, input_line_number HANDLE -EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, -$INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, -$|, output_field_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, -output_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, -$LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, -format_page_number HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, -format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, -format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, format_name HANDLE -EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~, format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^, -format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, -$:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, -$CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, -$EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, -$EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, -$EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $PERL_VERSION, $], -$DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $OSNAME, -$^O, $PERLDB, $^P, $BASETIME, $^T, $WARNING, $^W, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, -$ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, %INC, $ENV{expr}, $SIG{expr} +=item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"? -=back +=item Why don't my EEHERE documents work? -=head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines +1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be +a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of +the tag -=item SYNOPSIS +=back -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Data: Arrays =over -=item Private Variables via my() - -=item Temporary Values via local() +=item What is the difference between a list and an array? -=item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs) +=item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]? -=item Pass by Reference +=item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array? -=item Prototypes +a) If @in is sorted, and you want @out to be sorted:(this assumes all true +values in the array), b) If you don't know whether @in is sorted:, c) Like +(b), but @in contains only small integers:, d) A way to do (b) without any +loops or greps:, e) Like (d), but @in contains only small positive +integers: -=item Constant Functions +=item How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain element? -=item Overriding Builtin Functions +=item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the +intersection of two arrays? -=item Autoloading +=item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal? -=back +=item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true? -=item SEE ALSO +=item How do I handle linked lists? -=head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages) +=item How do I handle circular lists? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How do I shuffle an array randomly? -=over +=item How do I process/modify each element of an array? -=item Packages +=item How do I select a random element from an array? -=item Symbol Tables +=item How do I permute N elements of a list? -=item Package Constructors and Destructors +=item How do I sort an array by (anything)? -=item Perl Classes +=item How do I manipulate arrays of bits? -=item Perl Modules +=item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes? =back -=item NOTE - -=item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY +=item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays) =over -=item Pragmatic Modules - -blib, diagnostics, integer, less, lib, locale, ops, overload, sigtrap, -strict, subs, vmsish, vars +=item How do I process an entire hash? -=item Standard Modules +=item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over +it? -AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, Benchmark, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, -CPAN::Nox, Carp, Class::Template, Config, Cwd, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, -DirHandle, DynaLoader, English, Env, Exporter, ExtUtils::Embed, -ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, -ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, -ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::testlib, Fcntl, -File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::Find, -File::Path, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin, GDBM_File, -Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IO, IO::File, IO::Handle, -IO::Pipe, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, -Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, NDBM_File, Net::Ping, -Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, Opcode, Pod::Text, -POSIX, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, -Socket, Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, -Term::ReadLine, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, Text::ParseWords, -Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, -Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, -Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent +=item How do I look up a hash element by value? -=item Extension Modules +=item How can I know how many entries are in a hash? -=back +=item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)? -=item CPAN +=item How can I always keep my hash sorted? -Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating -System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess -Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces, -User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages, -File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String -Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option, -Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing, -Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption, -World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities, -Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, -and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and -exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities, -Miscellaneous Modules +=item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes? -=item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse +=item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction? -=over +=item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through? -=item Guidelines for Module Creation +=item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes? -Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new -module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select -what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?, -README and other Additional Files, A description of the -module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites -- what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to -Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release, -especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in -the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a -version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take -care when changing a released module +=item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file? -=item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules +=item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it? -There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications, -Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started, -Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from ' -to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes +=item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create +it? -=item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code +=item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or +array of hashes or arrays? -Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many -applications contain some perl code which could be reused, Break-out the -reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity -to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application' -can then be reduced to a small +=item How can I use a reference as a hash key? =back -=head2 perlform - Perl formats - -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Data: Misc =over -=item Format Variables +=item How do I handle binary data correctly? -=back +=item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float? -=item NOTES +=item How do I keep persistent data across program calls? -=over +=item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure? -=item Footers +=item How do I define methods for every class/object? -=item Accessing Formatting Internals +=item How do I verify a credit card checksum? + +=item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code? =back -=item WARNINGS +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and -localization) +=head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 +16:08:30 $) =item DESCRIPTION -=item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES +=over -=item USING LOCALES +=item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this? -=over +=item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a +line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file? -=item The use locale pragma +=item How do I count the number of lines in a file? -=item The setlocale function +=item How do I make a temporary file name? -=item The localeconv function +=item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files? -=back +=item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass +filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles? -=item LOCALE CATEGORIES +=item How can I use a filehandle indirectly? -=over +=item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()? -=item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation +=item How can I write() into a string? -=item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types +=item How can I output my numbers with commas added? -=item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting +=item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename? -=item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts +=item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out? -=item LC_TIME +=item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use +E*E? -=item Other categories +=item Is there a leak/bug in glob()? -=back +=item How can I open a file with a leading "E" or trailing blanks? -=item SECURITY +=item How can I reliably rename a file? -B (C, C, C, C and C):, -B (with C<\l>, C<\L>, C<\u> or <\U>), -B (C):, B (C):, -B (sprintf()):, B (printf() and write()):, B (lc(), -lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, B -(localeconv(), strcoll(),strftime(), strxfrm()):, B (isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(),isgraph(), islower(), isprint(), -ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(), -isxdigit()): +=item How can I lock a file? -=item ENVIRONMENT +=item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")? -PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC, -LC_TIME, LANG +=item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in +the file. How can I do this? -=item NOTES +=item How do I randomly update a binary file? -=over +=item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl? -=item Backward compatibility +=item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl? -=item I18N:Collate obsolete +=item How do I print to more than one file at once? -=item Sort speed and memory use impacts +=item How can I read in an entire file all at once? -=item write() and LC_NUMERIC +=item How can I read in a file by paragraphs? -=item Freely available locale definitions +=item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard? -=item I18n and l10n +=item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle? -=item An imperfect standard +=item How do I do a C in perl? -=back +=item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl? -=item BUGS +=item How do I close a file descriptor by number? -=over +=item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't +`C:\temp\foo.exe` work? -=item Broken systems +=item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files? -=back +=item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber +protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl? -=item SEE ALSO +=item How do I select a random line from a file? -=item HISTORY +=item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines? -=head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures +=back + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $) =item DESCRIPTION =over -=item Symbolic references - -=item Not-so-symbolic references +=item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible +and unmaintainable code? -=back +Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters -=item WARNING +=item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong? -=item SEE ALSO +=item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on +different lines? -=head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook +=item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS, but preserving +case on the RHS? -arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes, -more elaborate constructs +=item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets? -=item REFERENCES +=item How can I match a locale-smart version of C? -=item COMMON MISTAKES +=item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex? -=item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE +=item What is C really for? -=item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C +=item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a +file? -=item DEBUGGING +=item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text? -=item CODE EXAMPLES +=item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it? -=item LISTS OF LISTS +=item How do I process each word on each line? -=over +=item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary? -=item Declaration of a LIST OF LISTS +=item How can I do approximate matching? -=item Generation of a LIST OF LISTS +=item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once? -=item Access and Printing of a LIST OF LISTS +=item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me? -=back +=item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down? -=item HASHES OF LISTS +=item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression? -=over +=item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant? -=item Declaration of a HASH OF LISTS +=item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context? -=item Generation of a HASH OF LISTS +=item How can I match strings with multibyte characters? -=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF LISTS +=item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user? =back -=item LISTS OF HASHES +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date: +1999/05/23 20:36:18 $) + +=item DESCRIPTION =over -=item Declaration of a LIST OF HASHES +=item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language? -=item Generation of a LIST OF HASHES +=item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to +use them? -=item Access and Printing of a LIST OF HASHES +=item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and +commas? -=back +=item How do I skip some return values? -=item HASHES OF HASHES +=item How do I temporarily block warnings? -=over +=item What's an extension? -=item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES +=item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators? -=item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES +=item How do I declare/create a structure? -=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES +=item How do I create a module? -=back +=item How do I create a class? -=item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS +=item How can I tell if a variable is tainted? -=over +=item What's a closure? -=item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS +=item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it? -=item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS +=item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method, +Regex}? -=item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS +Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes, +Passing Methods -=back +=item How do I create a static variable? -=item Database Ties +=item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? +Between local() and my()? -=item SEE ALSO +=item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical +is in scope? -=item AUTHOR +=item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding? -=head2 perllol, perlLoL - Manipulating Lists of Lists in Perl +=item Why doesn't "my($foo) = EFILEE;" work right? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method? -=item Declaration and Access of Lists of Lists +=item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()? -=item Growing Your Own +=item How do I create a switch or case statement? -=item Access and Printing +=item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods? -=item Slices +=item Why can't a method included in this same file be found? -=item SEE ALSO +=item How can I find out my current package? -=item AUTHOR +=item How can I comment out a large block of perl code? -=head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl +=item How do I clear a package? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How can I use a variable as a variable name? -=item Creating a Class +=back -=over +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=item Object Representation +=head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.39 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 +18:37:57 $) -=item Class Interface +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Constructors and Instance Methods +=over -=item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors +=item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under? -=item Destructors +=item How come exec() doesn't return? -=item Other Object Methods +=item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse? -=back +Keyboard, Screen, Mouse -=item Class Data +=item How do I print something out in color? -=over +=item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key? -=item Accessing Class Data +=item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard? -=item Debugging Methods +=item How do I clear the screen? -=item Class Destructors +=item How do I get the screen size? -=item Documenting the Interface +=item How do I ask the user for a password? -=back +=item How do I read and write the serial port? -=item Aggregation +lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input -=item Inheritance +=item How do I decode encrypted password files? -=over +=item How do I start a process in the background? -=item Overridden Methods +STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies -=item Multiple Inheritance +=item How do I trap control characters/signals? -=item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects +=item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system? -=back +=item How do I set the time and date? -=item Alternate Object Representations +=item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second? -=over +=item How can I measure time under a second? -=item Arrays as Objects +=item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling) -=item Closures as Objects +=item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What +does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean? -=back +=item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl? -=item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods +=item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()? -=over +=item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems? -=item Autoloaded Data Methods +=item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command? -=item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods +=item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()? -=back +=item How can I capture STDERR from an external command? -=item Metaclassical Tools +=item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails? -=over +=item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context? -=item Class::Template +=item How can I call backticks without shell processing? -=item Data Members as Variables +=item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, +^Z on MS-DOS)? -=item NOTES +=item How can I convert my shell script to perl? -=item Object Terminology +=item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session? -=back +=item How can I write expect in Perl? -=item SEE ALSO +=item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as +"ps"? -=item COPYRIGHT +=item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How +come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my +changes to be visible? -=over +Unix -=item Acknowledgments +=item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to +complete? -=back +=item How do I fork a daemon process? -=head2 perlobj - Perl objects +=item How do I make my program run with sh and csh? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not? -=over +=item How do I timeout a slow event? -=item An Object is Simply a Reference +=item How do I set CPU limits? -=item A Class is Simply a Package +=item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system? -=item A Method is Simply a Subroutine +=item How do I use an SQL database? -=item Method Invocation +=item How do I make a system() exit on control-C? -=item Default UNIVERSAL methods +=item How do I open a file without blocking? -isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ) +=item How do I install a module from CPAN? -=item Destructors +=item What's the difference between require and use? -=item WARNING +=item How do I keep my own module/library directory? -=item Summary +=item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library +search path? -=item Two-Phased Garbage Collection +=item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime? -=back +=item What is socket.ph and where do I get it? -=item SEE ALSO +=back -=head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=item SYNOPSIS +=head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.26 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 +$) =item DESCRIPTION =over -=item Tying Scalars +=item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500 +Server Error) -TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this +=item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program? -=item Tying Arrays +=item How do I remove HTML from a string? -TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value, -DESTROY this +=item How do I extract URLs? -=item Tying Hashes +=item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a +file on another machine? -USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE -this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY -this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this +=item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML? -=item Tying FileHandles +=item How do I fetch an HTML file? -TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, READLINE this, DESTROY this +=item How do I automate an HTML form submission? -=item The C Gotcha +=item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web? -=back +=item How do I redirect to another page? -=item SEE ALSO +=item How do I put a password on my web pages? -=item BUGS +=item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl? -=item AUTHOR +=item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my +CGI script to do bad things? -=head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT) +=item How do I parse a mail header? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How do I decode a CGI form? -=item OO SCALING TIPS +=item How do I check a valid mail address? -=item INSTANCE VARIABLES +=item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string? -=item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES +=item How do I return the user's mail address? -=item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE +=item How do I send mail? -=item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS +=item How do I read mail? -=item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS +=item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address? -=item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM +=item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups? -=item THINKING OF CODE REUSE +=item How do I fetch/put an FTP file? -=item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT +=item How can I do RPC in Perl? -=item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR +=back -=item DELEGATION +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, -safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores) +=head2 perldelta - what's new for perl5.006 (as of 5.005_56) =item DESCRIPTION -=item Signals +=item Incompatible Changes -=item Named Pipes +=over -=item Using open() for IPC +=item Perl Source Incompatibilities -=over +=item C Source Incompatibilities -=item Safe Pipe Opens +C, C, C and C Issues + +=item Compatible C Source API Changes -=item Bidirectional Communication +C is now C + +=item Binary Incompatibilities =back -=item Sockets: Client/Server Communication +=item Core Changes =over -=item Internet TCP Clients and Servers - -=item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers +=item Unicode and UTF-8 support -=item UDP: Message Passing +=item Lexically scoped warning categories -=back +=item Binary numbers supported -=item SysV IPC +=item syswrite() ease-of-use -=item WARNING +=item 64-bit support -=item NOTES +=item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators -=item BUGS +=item Improved C operator -=item AUTHOR +=item pack() format 'Z' supported -=item SEE ALSO +=item pack() format modifier '!' supported -=head2 perldebug - Perl debugging +=item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character -=item DESCRIPTION +=back -=item The Perl Debugger +=item Significant bug fixes =over -=item Debugger Commands - -h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n -[expr], ECRE, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l -subname, -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]pattern], -t, t expr, b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname -[condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line] -command, A, O [opt[=val]] [opt"val"] [opt?].., C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, E [ command ], EE command, E command, -EE command, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! -pattern, !! cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, = [alias value], -command, m expr, m package +=item EHANDLEE on empty files -=item Debugger input/output +=item C improvements -Prompt, Multi-line commands, Stack backtrace, Listing, Frame listing +=item Automatic flushing of output buffers -=item Debugging compile-time statements +=back -=item Debugger Customization +=item Supported Platforms -=item Readline Support +=item New tests -=item Editor Support for Debugging +=item Modules and Pragmata -=item The Perl Profiler +=over -=item Debugger support in perl +=item Modules -=item Debugger Internals +Dumpvalue, Benchmark, Devel::Peek, Fcntl, File::Spec, +File::Spec::Functions, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, SDBM_File, +Time::Local, Win32, DBM Filters -=item Other resources +=item Pragmata =back -=item BUGS +=item Utility Changes -=head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics +=item Documentation Changes -=item DESCRIPTION +perlopentut.pod, perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod -=head2 perlsec - Perl security +=item New Diagnostics -=item DESCRIPTION +/%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, Unrecognized escape \\%c +passed through, Missing command in piped open, defined(@array) is +deprecated (and not really meaningful), defined(%hash) is deprecated (and +not really meaningful) -=over +=item Obsolete Diagnostics -=item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data +=item Configuration Changes -=item Cleaning Up Your Path +=item BUGS -=item Security Bugs +=item SEE ALSO -=back +=item HISTORY -=head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary +=head2 perldata - Perl data types =item DESCRIPTION =over -=item Awk Traps +=item Variable names -=item C Traps +=item Context -=item Sed Traps +=item Scalar values -=item Shell Traps +=item Scalar value constructors -=item Perl Traps +=item List value constructors -=item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps +=item Slices -Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical -Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts, -Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc, -Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps +=item Typeglobs and Filehandles -=item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps +=back -Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, -Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, -Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance +=item SEE ALSO + +=head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Declarations + +=item Simple statements + +=item Compound statements + +=item Loop Control + +=item For Loops + +=item Foreach Loops + +=item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements + +=item Goto + +=item PODs: Embedded Documentation + +=item Plain Old Comments (Not!) + +=back + +=head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Terms and List Operators (Leftward) + +=item The Arrow Operator + +=item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement + +=item Exponentiation + +=item Symbolic Unary Operators + +=item Binding Operators + +=item Multiplicative Operators + +=item Additive Operators + +=item Shift Operators + +=item Named Unary Operators + +=item Relational Operators + +=item Equality Operators + +=item Bitwise And + +=item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or + +=item C-style Logical And + +=item C-style Logical Or + +=item Range Operators + +=item Conditional Operator + +=item Assignment Operators + +=item Comma Operator + +=item List Operators (Rightward) + +=item Logical Not + +=item Logical And + +=item Logical or and Exclusive Or + +=item C Operators Missing From Perl + +unary &, unary *, (TYPE) + +=item Quote and Quote-like Operators + +=item Regexp Quote-Like Operators + +?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>, +qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/, +s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cdsUC, +y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cdsUC + +=item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs + +Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation, +C<<<'EOF'>, C, C, C, C, C<''>, C, C<"">, +C<``>, C, C, C<>, C, C, C, +C,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of +regular expressions + +=item I/O Operators + +=item Constant Folding + +=item Bitwise String Operators + +=item Integer Arithmetic + +=item Floating-point Arithmetic + +=item Bigger Numbers + +=back + +=head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions + +=item DESCRIPTION + +i, m, s, x + +=over + +=item Regular Expressions + +=item Extended Patterns + +C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>, +C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?E=pattern)>, C<(?, C<(?{ +code })>, C<(?p{ code })>, C<(?Epattern)>, +C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)> + +=item Backtracking + +=item Version 8 Regular Expressions + +=item Warning on \1 vs $1 + +=item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring + +=item Creating custom RE engines + +=back + +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems + +OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS + +=item Location of Perl + +=item Command Switches + +B<-0>[I], B<-a>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I, B<-D>I, +B<-D>I, B<-e> I, B<-F>I, B<-h>, +B<-i>[I], B<-I>I, B<-l>[I], +B<-m>[B<->]I, B<-M>[B<->]I, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>, +B<-[mM]>[B<->]I, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>, +B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I, B<-w>, B<-x> I + +=back + +=item ENVIRONMENT + +HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL +(specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL + +=head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Perl Functions by Category + +Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching, +Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data, +Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed +length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories, +Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related +to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process +groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and +object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess +communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network +info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted +in perl5 + +=item Portability + +=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions + +I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept +NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, +binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, +chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, +chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, +close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue +BLOCK, cos EXPR, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen +HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, +do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, +eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists +EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno +FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline +PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp +PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, +gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, +getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, +getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport +PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, +getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, +setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, +endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt +SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, +goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index +STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl +FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill LIST, last +LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link +OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, lock, +log EXPR, log, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, +map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, +msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, my EXPR, next LABEL, +next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, +opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package, package +NAMESPACE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, +print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, +printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, +qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, +rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read +FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, +readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, +ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, +reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex +STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar +EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select +FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl +ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send +SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority +WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY, +shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, +shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep +EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair +SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST, +sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, +splice ARRAY,OFFSET, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, +split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, +srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, +sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LEN,REPLACEMENT, substr +EXPR,OFFSET,LEN, substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, +sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, +sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, +sysseek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, +syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite +FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, +tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, +times, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, +uc, ucfirst EXPR, ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink +LIST, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use +Module LIST, use Module, use Module VERSION LIST, use VERSION, utime LIST, +values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn +LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y/// + +=back + +=head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Predefined Names + +$ARG, $_, $EIE, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $', +$LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, input_line_number +HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, input_record_separator HANDLE +EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE EXPR, +$OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE EXPR, +$OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, +$OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", +$SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE +EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR, +$FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR, +$FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @-, format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~, +format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^, +format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, +$:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, +$CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, +$EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, +$EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, +$EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $PERL_VERSION, $], +$COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, +$^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, +$^R, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, $WARNING, $^W, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, +@ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr} + +=item Error Indicators + +=item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names + +=back + +=item BUGS + +=head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Private Variables via my() + +=item Persistent Private Variables + +=item Temporary Values via local() + +=item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs) + +=item When to Still Use local() + +1. You need to give a global variable a temporary value, especially $_, 2. +You need to create a local file or directory handle or a local function, 3. +You want to temporarily change just one element of an array or hash + +=item Pass by Reference + +=item Prototypes + +=item Constant Functions + +=item Overriding Built-in Functions + +=item Autoloading + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables) + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Packages + +=item Symbol Tables + +=item Package Constructors and Destructors + +=item Perl Classes + +=item Perl Modules + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY + +=over + +=item Pragmatic Modules + +attrs, autouse, base, blib, constant, diagnostics, fields, filetest, +integer, less, lib, locale, ops, overload, re, sigtrap, strict, subs, utf8, +vars, vmsish, warning + +=item Standard Modules + +AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, +B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, +B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, CGI, CGI::Apache, +CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CPAN, +CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DB_File, +Data::Dumper, Devel::Peek, Devel::SelfStubber, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, +DynaLoader, English, Env, Errno, Exporter, ExtUtils::Command, +ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, +ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32, +ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Miniperl, +ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, +ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::Compare, File::Copy, +File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions, +File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, +File::Spec::Win32, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin, GDBM_File, +Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IO, IO::Dir, IO::File, +IO::Handle, IO::Pipe, IO::Poll, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, +IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::UNIX, IPC::Msg, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, +IPC::Semaphore, IPC::SysV, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, +Math::Trig, NDBM_File, Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent, +Net::servent, O, Opcode, POSIX, Pod::Html, Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Safe, +Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Symbol, +Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, +Test, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, +Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and +unexpand(1), Text::Wrap, Thread, Thread::Queue, Thread::Semaphore, +Thread::Signal, Thread::Specific, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, +Tie::StdHash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar, Tie::SubstrHash, +Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, +User::grent, User::pwent + +=item Extension Modules + +=back + +=item CPAN + +Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating +System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess +Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces, +User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages, +File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String +Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option, +Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing, +Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption, +World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities, +Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, +and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and +exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities, +Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, North America, +South America + +=item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse + +=over + +=item Guidelines for Module Creation + +Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new +module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select +what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?, +README and other Additional Files, A description of the +module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites +- what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to +Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release, +especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in +the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a +version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take +care when changing a released module + +=item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules + +There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications, +Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started, +Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from ' +to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes + +=item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code + +Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many +applications contain some Perl code that could be reused, Break-out the +reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity +to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application' +can then be reduced to a small + +=back + +=item NOTE + +=head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item PREAMBLE + +B the file, B the file into a directory, B the +module (sometimes unnecessary), B the module + +=back + +=item HEY + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=head2 perlform - Perl formats + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Format Variables + +=back + +=item NOTES + +=over + +=item Footers + +=item Accessing Formatting Internals + +=back + +=item WARNINGS + +=head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and +localization) + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES + +=item USING LOCALES + +=over + +=item The use locale pragma + +=item The setlocale function + +=item Finding locales + +=item LOCALE PROBLEMS + +=item Temporarily fixing locale problems + +=item Permanently fixing locale problems + +=item Permanently fixing your locale configuration + +=item Fixing system locale configuration + +=item The localeconv function + +=back + +=item LOCALE CATEGORIES + +=over + +=item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation + +=item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types + +=item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting + +=item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts + +=item LC_TIME + +=item Other categories + +=back + +=item SECURITY + +B (C, C, C, C and C):, +B (with C<\l>, C<\L>, C<\u> or C<\U>), +B (C):, B (C):, +B (sprintf()):, B (printf() and write()):, B (lc(), +lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, B +(localeconv(), strcoll(),strftime(), strxfrm()):, B (isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(),isgraph(), islower(), isprint(), +ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(), +isxdigit()): + +=item ENVIRONMENT + +PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, +LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG + +=item NOTES + +=over + +=item Backward compatibility + +=item I18N:Collate obsolete + +=item Sort speed and memory use impacts + +=item write() and LC_NUMERIC + +=item Freely available locale definitions + +=item I18n and l10n + +=item An imperfect standard + +=back + +=item BUGS + +=over + +=item Broken systems + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item HISTORY + +=head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures + +=item NOTE + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Making References + +=item Using References + +=item Symbolic references + +=item Not-so-symbolic references + +=item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash + +=item Function Templates + +=back + +=item WARNING + +=item SEE ALSO + +=head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures? + +=item The Solution + +=item Syntax + +=over + +=item Making References + +=item Using References + +=back + +=item An Example + +=item Arrow Rule + +=item Solution + +=item The Rest + +=item Summary + +=item Credits + +=over + +=item Distribution Conditions + +=back + +=head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook + +=item DESCRIPTION + +arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes, +more elaborate constructs + +=item REFERENCES + +=item COMMON MISTAKES + +=item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE + +=item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C + +=item DEBUGGING + +=item CODE EXAMPLES + +=item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS + +=over + +=item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS + +=item Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS + +=item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS + +=back + +=item HASHES OF ARRAYS + +=over + +=item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS + +=item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS + +=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS + +=back + +=item ARRAYS OF HASHES + +=over + +=item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES + +=item Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES + +=item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES + +=back + +=item HASHES OF HASHES + +=over + +=item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES + +=item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES + +=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES + +=back + +=item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS + +=over + +=item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS + +=item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS + +=item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS + +=back + +=item Database Ties + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays + +=item Growing Your Own + +=item Access and Printing + +=item Slices + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Creating a Class + +=over + +=item Object Representation + +=item Class Interface + +=item Constructors and Instance Methods + +=item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors + +=item Destructors + +=item Other Object Methods + +=back + +=item Class Data + +=over + +=item Accessing Class Data + +=item Debugging Methods + +=item Class Destructors + +=item Documenting the Interface + +=back + +=item Aggregation + +=item Inheritance + +=over + +=item Overridden Methods + +=item Multiple Inheritance + +=item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects + +=back + +=item Alternate Object Representations + +=over + +=item Arrays as Objects + +=item Closures as Objects + +=back + +=item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods + +=over + +=item Autoloaded Data Methods + +=item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods + +=back + +=item Metaclassical Tools + +=over + +=item Class::Struct + +=item Data Members as Variables + +=item NOTES + +=item Object Terminology + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=over + +=item Acknowledgments + +=back + +=head2 perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Class Data as Package Variables + +=over + +=item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket + +=item Inheritance Concerns + +=item The Eponymous Meta-Object + +=item Indirect References to Class Data + +=item Monadic Classes + +=item Translucent Attributes + +=back + +=item Class Data as Lexical Variables + +=over + +=item Privacy and Responsibility + +=item File-Scoped Lexicals + +=item More Inheritance Concerns + +=item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key + +=item Translucency Revisited + +=back + +=item NOTES + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS + +=item HISTORY + +=head2 perlobj - Perl objects + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item An Object is Simply a Reference + +=item A Class is Simply a Package + +=item A Method is Simply a Subroutine + +=item Method Invocation + +=item WARNING + +=item Default UNIVERSAL methods + +isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ) + +=item Destructors + +=item Summary + +=item Two-Phased Garbage Collection + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Tying Scalars + +TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this + +=item Tying Arrays + +TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value, +DESTROY this + +=item Tying Hashes + +USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE +this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY +this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this + +=item Tying FileHandles + +TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, +LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, DESTROY this + +=item The C Gotcha + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT) + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item OO SCALING TIPS + +=item INSTANCE VARIABLES + +=item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES + +=item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE + +=item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS + +=item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS + +=item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM + +=item THINKING OF CODE REUSE + +=item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT + +=item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR + +=item DELEGATION + +=head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, +safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores) + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Signals + +=item Named Pipes + +=over + +=item WARNING + +=back + +=item Using open() for IPC + +=over + +=item Filehandles + +=item Background Processes + +=item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent + +=item Safe Pipe Opens + +=item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process + +=item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself + +=back + +=item Sockets: Client/Server Communication + +=over + +=item Internet Line Terminators + +=item Internet TCP Clients and Servers + +=item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers + +=back + +=item TCP Clients with IO::Socket + +=over + +=item A Simple Client + +C, C, C + +=item A Webget Client + +=item Interactive Client with IO::Socket + +=back + +=item TCP Servers with IO::Socket + +Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse + +=item UDP: Message Passing + +=item SysV IPC + +=item NOTES + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +B, B, B, +B + +=over + +=item The Filter + +=item An Example -- the NULL termination problem. + +=item Another Example -- Key is a C int. + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=head2 perldebug - Perl debugging + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item The Perl Debugger + +=over + +=item Debugger Commands + +h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n +[expr], ECRE, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l +subname, -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]pattern], +t, t expr, b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname +[condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line] +command, A, W [expr], W, O [opt[=val]] [opt"val"] [opt?].., +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, E [ command ], +EE command, E command, EE command, { [ command ], {{ +command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, +|dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, m package + +=item Debugger input/output + +Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Listing, Frame listing + +=item Debugging compile-time statements + +=item Debugger Customization + +=item Readline Support + +=item Editor Support for Debugging + +=item The Perl Profiler + +=item Debugger support in perl + +=item Debugger Internals + +=item Other resources + +=item BUGS + +=back + +=item Debugging Perl memory usage + +=over + +=item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}> + +C, Free/Used, C, C, C, C, C + +=item Example of using B<-DL> switch + +C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704> + +=item B<-DL> details + +C, C, C + +=item Limitations of B<-DL> statistic + +=back + +=item Debugging regular expressions + +=over + +=item Compile-time output + +C I C I, C I C +I, C, C, C +I, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C + +=item Types of nodes + +=item Run-time output + +=back + +=head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=head2 perlsec - Perl security + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data + +=item Switches On the "#!" Line + +=item Cleaning Up Your Path + +=item Security Bugs + +=item Protecting Your Programs + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Awk Traps + +=item C Traps + +=item Sed Traps + +=item Shell Traps + +=item Perl Traps + +=item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps + +Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical +Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts, +Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc, +Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps + +=item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps + +Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, +Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, +Discontinuance, Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance =item Parsing Traps -Parsing, Parsing, Parsing +Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing + +=item Numerical Traps + +Numerical, Numerical, Numerical + +=item General data type traps + +(Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String), +(Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide) + +=item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts + +(list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin) + +=item Precedence Traps + +Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, +Precedence + +=item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc. + +Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular +Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, +Regular Expression + +=item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps + +(Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle + +=item OS Traps + +(SysV), (SysV) + +=item Interpolation Traps + +Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, +Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation + +=item DBM Traps + +DBM, DBM + +=item Unclassified Traps + +C/C trap using returned value, C on empty string with +LIMIT specified + +=back + +=head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl + +=item DESCRIPTION + +Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I +portable + +=item ISSUES + +=over + +=item Newlines + +=item Numbers endianness and Width + +=item Files and Filesystems + +=item System Interaction + +=item Interprocess Communication (IPC) + +=item External Subroutines (XS) + +=item Standard Modules + +=item Time and Date + +=item Character sets and character encoding + +=item Internationalisation + +=item System Resources + +=item Security + +=item Style + +=back + +=item CPAN Testers + +Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results: +C + +=item PLATFORMS + +=over + +=item Unix + +=item DOS and Derivatives + +The djgpp environment for DOS, C, The EMX +environment for DOS, OS/2, etc. +C,C or +C, Build instructions for Win32, +L, The ActiveState Pages, C + +=item S + +The MacPerl Pages, C, The MacPerl mailing lists, +C, MacPerl Module Porters, +C + +=item VMS + +L, vmsperl list, C, vmsperl on the web, +C + +=item VOS + +L, VOS mailing list, VOS Perl on the web at +C + +=item EBCDIC Platforms + +perl-mvs list, AS/400 Perl information at +C + +=item Acorn RISC OS + +=item Other perls + +Atari, Guido Flohr's page C, HP 300 +MPE/iX C, Novell Netware + +=back + +=item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS + +=over + +=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions + +-I FILEHANDLE, -I EXPR, -I, binmode FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown +LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen +HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, +flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, +getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, +getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber +NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, +getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent +STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, +endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, +getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl +FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat +FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd +ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open +FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select +RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget +KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority +WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl +ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite +ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat +FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen +FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate +FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST, +wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS + +=back + +=item CHANGES + +v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April +1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December +1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August +1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998 + +=item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS + +=item VERSION + +=head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=head2 perlpod - plain old documentation + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Verbatim Paragraph + +=item Command Paragraph + +=item Ordinary Block of Text + +=item The Intent + +=item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules + +=item Common Pod Pitfalls + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=head2 perlbook - Perl book information + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item PREAMBLE + +B, B, B, B, B + +=item ROADMAP + +=item Compiling your C program + +=item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program + +=item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program + +=item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program + +=item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program + +=item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program + +=item Maintaining a persistent interpreter + +=item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances + +=item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C +program + +=back + +=item Embedding Perl under Win32 + +=item MORAL + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface. + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +B, B, B, B, +B, B, +B, B, +B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B + +=over + +=item Co-existence with stdio + +B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B + +=back + +=head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Introduction + +=item On The Road + +=item The Anatomy of an XSUB + +=item The Argument Stack + +=item The RETVAL Variable + +=item The MODULE Keyword + +=item The PACKAGE Keyword + +=item The PREFIX Keyword + +=item The OUTPUT: Keyword + +=item The CODE: Keyword + +=item The INIT: Keyword + +=item The NO_INIT Keyword + +=item Initializing Function Parameters + +=item Default Parameter Values + +=item The PREINIT: Keyword + +=item The SCOPE: Keyword + +=item The INPUT: Keyword + +=item Variable-length Parameter Lists + +=item The C_ARGS: Keyword + +=item The PPCODE: Keyword + +=item Returning Undef And Empty Lists + +=item The REQUIRE: Keyword + +=item The CLEANUP: Keyword + +=item The BOOT: Keyword + +=item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword + +=item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword + +=item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword + +=item The ALIAS: Keyword + +=item The INTERFACE: Keyword + +=item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword + +=item The INCLUDE: Keyword + +=item The CASE: Keyword + +=item The & Unary Operator + +=item Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives + +=item Using XS With C++ + +=item Interface Strategy + +=item Perl Objects And C Structures + +=item The Typemap + +=back + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item XS VERSION + +=item AUTHOR + +=head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for XSUBs + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item VERSION CAVEAT + +=item DYNAMIC VERSUS STATIC + +=item EXAMPLE 1 + +=item EXAMPLE 2 + +=item WHAT HAS GONE ON? + +=item WRITING GOOD TEST SCRIPTS + +=item EXAMPLE 3 + +=item WHAT'S NEW HERE? + +=item INPUT AND OUTPUT PARAMETERS + +=item THE XSUBPP COMPILER + +=item THE TYPEMAP FILE + +=item WARNING + +=item EXAMPLE 4 + +=item WHAT HAS HAPPENED HERE? + +=item SPECIFYING ARGUMENTS TO XSUBPP + +=item THE ARGUMENT STACK + +=item EXTENDING YOUR EXTENSION + +=item DOCUMENTING YOUR EXTENSION + +=item INSTALLING YOUR EXTENSION + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item Author + +=item Last Changed + +=back + +=head2 perlguts - Perl's Internal Functions + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Variables + +=over + +=item Datatypes + +=item What is an "IV"? + +=item Working with SVs + +=item What's Really Stored in an SV? + +=item Working with AVs + +=item Working with HVs + +=item Hash API Extensions + +=item References + +=item Blessed References and Class Objects + +=item Creating New Variables + +=item Reference Counts and Mortality + +=item Stashes and Globs + +=item Double-Typed SVs + +=item Magic Variables + +=item Assigning Magic + +=item Magic Virtual Tables + +=item Finding Magic + +=item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays + +=item Localizing changes + +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, +C, C, C + +=back + +=item Subroutines + +=over + +=item XSUBs and the Argument Stack + +=item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs + +=item Memory Allocation + +=item PerlIO + +=item Putting a C value on Perl stack + +=item Scratchpads + +=item Scratchpads and recursion + +=back + +=item Compiled code + +=over + +=item Code tree + +=item Examining the tree + +=item Compile pass 1: check routines + +=item Compile pass 1a: constant folding + +=item Compile pass 2: context propagation + +=item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization + +=back + +=item API LISTING + +av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, AvFILL, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, +av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, +PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, dMARK, dORIGMARK, PL_dowarn, dSP, +dXSARGS, dXSI32, do_binmode, ENTER, EXTEND, fbm_compile, fbm_instr, +FREETMPS, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, GIMME, GIMME_V, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, +gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, G_VOID, gv_stashpv, +gv_stashsv, GvSV, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, +HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, +hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, +hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, HvNAME, +hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, +isSPACE, isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, +mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_len, mg_magical, mg_set, modglobal, +Move, PL_na, New, newAV, Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, +NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVrv, newSVsv, +newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK, +perl_alloc, perl_call_argv, perl_call_method, perl_call_pv, perl_call_sv, +perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_eval_sv, perl_eval_pv, perl_free, +perl_get_av, perl_get_cv, perl_get_hv, perl_get_sv, perl_parse, +perl_require_pv, perl_run, POPi, POPl, POPp, POPn, POPs, PUSHMARK, PUSHi, +PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, RETVAL, safefree, +safemalloc, saferealloc, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, +strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, +sv_catpv, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, +sv_catsv, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_cmp, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, sv_dec, +sv_derived_from, SvEND, sv_eq, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, sv_grow, sv_inc, +sv_insert, SvIOK, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOKp, sv_isa, +sv_isobject, SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, sv_len, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, +sv_newmortal, SvNIOK, SvNIOK_off, SvNIOKp, PL_sv_no, SvNOK, SvNOK_off, +SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNOKp, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOK_off, +SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOKp, SvPV, SvPV_force, SvPV_nolen, SvPVX, +SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, +SvSETMAGIC, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, +sv_setpv_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpvf, +sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, +SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, +SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SVt_IV, SVt_PV, +SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SVt_NV, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, svtype, +PL_sv_undef, sv_unref, SvUPGRADE, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, +sv_vcatpvfn(sv, pat, patlen, args, svargs, svmax, used_locale), +sv_vsetpvfn(sv, pat, patlen, args, svargs, svmax, used_locale), SvUV, +SvUVX, PL_sv_yes, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, +XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, +XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNV, +XST_mNO, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, +Zero + +=item AUTHORS + +=head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C + +=item DESCRIPTION + +An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program + +=item THE PERL_CALL FUNCTIONS + +perl_call_sv, perl_call_pv, perl_call_method, perl_call_argv + +=item FLAG VALUES + +=over + +=item G_VOID + +=item G_SCALAR + +=item G_ARRAY + +=item G_DISCARD + +=item G_NOARGS + +=item G_EVAL + +=item G_KEEPERR + +=item Determining the Context + +=back + +=item KNOWN PROBLEMS + +=item EXAMPLES + +=over + +=item No Parameters, Nothing returned + +=item Passing Parameters + +=item Returning a Scalar + +=item Returning a list of values + +=item Returning a list in a scalar context + +=item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list + +=item Using G_EVAL + +=item Using G_KEEPERR + +=item Using perl_call_sv + +=item Using perl_call_argv + +=item Using perl_call_method + +=item Using GIMME_V + +=item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries + +=item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information + +1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of +callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl +callback + +=item Alternate Stack Manipulation + +=item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=item DATE + +=head2 perlhist - the Perl history records + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item INTRODUCTION + +=item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN + +=over + +=item PUMPKIN? + +=back + +=item THE RECORDS + +=over + +=item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES + +=item SELECTED PATCH SIZES + +=back + +=item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS + +=head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION + +=head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +method, locked + +=head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +method, locked + +=head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item WARNING + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item HISTORY + +=item SEE ALSO + +=head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=head2 caller - inherit pragmatic attributes from the context of the caller + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +encoding + +=head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item NOTES + +=item TECHNICAL NOTE + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning +diagnostics + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item The C Pragma + +=item The I Program + +=back + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item INTERNALS + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=head2 fields - compile-time class fields + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item SEE ALSO + +=head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators + +=item SYNOPSIS + + $can_perhaps_read = -r "file"; # use the mode bits + { + use filetest 'access'; # intuit harder + $can_really_read = -r "file"; + } + $can_perhaps_read = -r "file"; # use the mode bits again + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item subpragma access + +=back + +=head2 integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of +double + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item ADDING DIRECTORIES TO @INC + +=item DELETING DIRECTORIES FROM @INC + +=item RESTORING ORIGINAL @INC + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in +operations + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item SEE ALSO + +=head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Declaration of overloaded functions + +=item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations + +FALSE, TRUE, C + +=item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations + +=item Calling Conventions for Mutators + +C<++> and C<-->, C and other assignment versions + +=item Overloadable Operations + +I, I, I, +I, I, I, I, I, I + +=item Inheritance and overloading + +Strings as values of C directive, Overloading of an operation +is inherited by derived classes + +=back + +=item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C + +=over + +=item Last Resort + +=item Fallback + +C, TRUE, defined, but FALSE + +=item Copy Constructor + +B + +=back + +=item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION + +I, I, +I, C, I, I, +I, I, I, I, +I + +=item Losing overloading + +=item Run-time Overloading + +=item Public functions + +overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op) + +=item Overloading constants + +integer, float, binary, q, qr + +=item IMPLEMENTATION + +=item Metaphor clash + +=item Cookbook + +=over + +=item Two-face scalars + +=item Two-face references + +=item Symbolic calculator + +=item I symbolic calculator + +=back + +=item AUTHOR + +=item DIAGNOSTICS + +=item BUGS + +=head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item OPTIONS + +=over + +=item SIGNAL HANDLERS + +B, B, B I + +=item SIGNAL LISTS + +B, B, B + +=item OTHER + +B, B, I, I + +=back + +=item EXAMPLES + +=head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +C, C, C + +=head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to turn on UTF-8 and Unicode support + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item CAVEATS + +=head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=head2 warning - Perl pragma to control optional warnings + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +C + +=head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION + +=head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item DBM Comparisons + +[0], [1], [2], [3] + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Subroutine Stubs + +=item Using B's AUTOLOAD Subroutine + +=item Overriding B's AUTOLOAD Subroutine + +=item Package Lexicals + +=item B vs. B + +=back + +=item CAVEATS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +$keep, $check, $modtime + +=over + +=item Multiple packages + +=back + +=item DIAGNOSTICS + +=head2 B - The Perl Compiler + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES + +=over + +=item SV-RELATED CLASSES + +=item B::SV METHODS + +REFCNT, FLAGS + +=item B::IV METHODS + +IV, IVX, needs64bits, packiv + +=item B::NV METHODS + +NV, NVX + +=item B::RV METHODS + +RV + +=item B::PV METHODS + +PV + +=item B::PVMG METHODS + +MAGIC, SvSTASH + +=item B::MAGIC METHODS + +MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR + +=item B::PVLV METHODS + +TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG + +=item B::BM METHODS + +USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE + +=item B::GV METHODS + +NAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN, LINE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, +FLAGS + +=item B::IO METHODS + +LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV, +BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS + +=item B::AV METHODS + +FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS + +=item B::CV METHODS + +STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILEGV, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY, +CvFLAGS + +=item B::HV METHODS + +FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY + +=item OP-RELATED CLASSES + +=item B::OP METHODS + +next, sibling, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private + +=item B::UNOP METHOD + +first + +=item B::BINOP METHOD + +last + +=item B::LOGOP METHOD + +other + +=item B::LISTOP METHOD + +children + +=item B::PMOP METHODS + +pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp + +=item B::SVOP METHOD + +sv + +=item B::GVOP METHOD + +gv + +=item B::PVOP METHOD + +pv + +=item B::LOOP METHODS + +redoop, nextop, lastop + +=item B::COP METHODS + +label, stash, filegv, cop_seq, arybase, line + +=back + +=item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C + +main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes, +sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG), +walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM), +hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names + +=item AUTHOR + +=head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate +bytecode + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHOR + +=head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHOR + +=head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHOR + +=head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item OPTIONS + +B<-ofilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>, +B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-fstrip-syntax-tree>, +B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-m> + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item OPTIONS + +B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>, +B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On> + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item OPTIONS + +B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>, +B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>, +B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On> + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item BUGS + +=item DIFFERENCES + +=over + +=item Loops + +=item Context of ".." + +=item Arithmetic + +=item Deprecated features + +=back + +=item AUTHOR + +=head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHOR + +=head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item OPTIONS + +B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-u>I, B<-s>I, B + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHOR + +=head2 B::Lint - Perl lint + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS + +B, B and B, B, +B, B, B, B, B + +=item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS + +B<-u Package> + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item CONVENTIONS + +=item IMPLEMENTATION + +=item AUTHOR + +=head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHOR + +=head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHOR + +=head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHOR + +=head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item OPTIONS + +C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]> + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHOR + +=head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of code + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Methods + +new, debug + +=item Standard Exports + +timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ), +timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timesum ( +T1, T2 ), timestr ( TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] ) + +=item Optional Exports + +clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ) + +=back + +=item NOTES + +=item INHERITANCE + +=item CAVEATS + +=item AUTHORS + +=item MODIFICATION HISTORY + +=head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item OPTIONS + +B<-ofilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>, +B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-fstrip-syntax-tree>, +B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-m> + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item ABSTRACT + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item PROGRAMMING STYLE + +=item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES + +1. Use another name for the argument, if one is available. Forexample, +-value is an alias for -values, 2. Change the capitalization, e.g. -Values, +3. Put quotes around the argument name, e.g. '-values' + +=item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE): + +=item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE + +=item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY: + +=item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT: + +=item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER: + +=item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER: + +=item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER: + +=item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE: + +=item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY: + +=item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS: + +=item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST: + +=item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH: + +=item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE: + +=item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS + +=item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE + +B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>, +B<:standard>, B<:all> + +=item PRAGMAS + +-any, -compile, -nph, -newstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, +-private_tempfiles + +=item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS + +1. start_table() (generates a tag), 2. end_table() (generates a +
tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a
    tag), 4. end_ul() (generates +a
tag) + +=back + +=item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS + +=over + +=item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER: + +=item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER + +=item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER + +B, 4, 5, 6.. + +=item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT: + +=item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION: + +=item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL + +B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query> +(B<-query_string>) + +=item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS + +=back + +=item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS: + +=over + +=item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS + +=item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS + +=item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION + +=item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS + +=item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML + +=back + +=item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS: + +=over + +=item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG + +=item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM + +B, B + +=item CREATING A TEXT FIELD + +B + +=item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD + +=item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD + +=item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD + +B + +=item CREATING A POPUP MENU + +=item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST + +B + +=item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES + +B + +=item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX + +B + +=item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP + +B + +=item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON + +B + +=item CREATING A RESET BUTTON + +=item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON + +=item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD + +B + +=item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON + +B, 3.The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment type, +and may be +TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE + +=item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON + +=back + +=item HTTP COOKIES + +1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag, +B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure> + +=item WORKING WITH FRAMES + +1. Create a document, 2. Specify the destination for the +document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in +the
tag + +=item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS + +=item DEBUGGING + +=over + +=item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS + +=back + +=item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES + +B, B, B, B, +B, B, BReturn the script +name as a partial URL, for self-refering +scripts, B, B, B, B, B, B, B, +B, B, B, B + +=item USING NPH SCRIPTS + +In the B statement, By calling the B method:, By using B<-nph> +parameters in the B and B statements: + +=item Server Push + +multipart_init() + multipart_init(-boundary=>$boundary);, multipart_start(), multipart_end() + +=item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks + +B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script +basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts> + +=item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL + +=item AUTHOR INFORMATION + +=item CREDITS + +Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor +(james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish , Mike Jewell +(mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg +(jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick +(applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis +(tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen +(tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim +MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks +(kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed +Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug +MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org), +...and many many more.. + +=item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT + +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=head2 CGI::Apache - Make things work with CGI.pm against Perl-Apache API + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item NOTE 1 + +=item NOTE 2 + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=head2 CGI::Carp, B - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or +other) error log + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES + +=item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW + +=over + +=item Changing the default message + +=back + +=item CHANGE LOG + +=item AUTHORS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item USING CGI::Cookie + +B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag> + +=over + +=item Creating New Cookies + +=item Sending the Cookie to the Browser + +=item Recovering Previous Cookies + +=item Manipulating Cookies + +B, B, B, B, B + +=back + +=item AUTHOR INFORMATION + +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE + +=item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS + +=item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS + +=item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS + +=item CAVEATS + +=item AUTHOR INFORMATION + +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item USING CGI::Push + +-next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires + +=over + +=item Heterogeneous Pages + +=item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly + +=back + +=item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS + +=item AUTHOR INFORMATION + +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=head2 CGI::Switch - Try more than one constructors and return the first +object available + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Interactive Mode + +Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test, +install, clean modules or distributions, readme, look module or +distribution, Signals + +=item CPAN::Shell + +=item autobundle + +=item recompile + +=item The four C Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution + +=item ProgrammerE<39>s interface + +expand($type,@things), Programming Examples + +=item Methods in the four Classes + +=item Cache Manager + +=item Bundles + +=item Prerequisites + +=item Finding packages and VERSION + +=item Debugging + +=item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode + +=back + +=item CONFIGURATION + +o conf Escalar optionE, o conf Escalar optionE +EvalueE, o conf Elist optionE, o conf Elist optionE +[shift|pop], o conf Elist optionE [unshift|push|splice] +ElistE + +=over + +=item Note on urllist parameter's format + +=item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support + +=back + +=item SECURITY + +=item EXPORT + +=item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES + +=item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS + +http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS +module + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item SEE ALSO + +=head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller) + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Forcing a Stack Trace + +=back + +=item BUGS + +=head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item The C function + +=item Element Types and Accessor Methods + +Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or +C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>) + +=item Initializing with C + +=back + +=item EXAMPLES + +Example 1, Example 2, Example 3 + +=item Author and Modification History + +=head2 Config - access Perl configuration information + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names) + +=item EXAMPLE + +=item WARNING + +=item GLOSSARY + +=over + +=item _ + +C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o> + +=item a + +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C + +=item b + +C, C, C, C, C, C, C + +=item c + +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C + +=item d + +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C + +=item e + +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C + +=item f + +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C + +=item g + +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C + +=item h + +C, C, C, C, C + +=item i + +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C + +=item k + +C, C + +=item l + +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C + +=item m + +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C + +=item M + +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C + +=item n + +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C + +=item o + +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C + +=item p + +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C + +=item r + +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C + +=item s -=item Numerical Traps +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C -Numerical, Numerical, Numerical +=item t -=item General data type traps +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C -(Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Scalar String), (Constants), -(Scalars), (Variable Suicide) +=item u -=item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C -(list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin) +=item v -=item Precedence Traps +C, C, C -Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, -Precedence +=item x -=item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc. +C -Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular -Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, -Regular Expression +=item z -=item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps +C, C -(Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle +=back -=item OS Traps +=item NOTE -(SysV), (SysV) +=head2 Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory -=item Interpolation Traps +=item SYNOPSIS -Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, -Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation +=item DESCRIPTION -=item DBM Traps +=head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft, +subject to +change) -DBM, DBM +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Unclassified Traps +=item DESCRIPTION -Unclassified +=over -=back +=item Global Variables -=head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide + $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args, +@DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname, +$DB::lineno -=item DESCRIPTION +=item API Methods -=head2 perlpod - plain old documentation +CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'), +CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done() -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Client Callback Methods -=item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules +CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(), +CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(), +CLIENT->output(LIST) -=item Common Pod Pitfalls +=back -=item SEE ALSO +=item BUGS =item AUTHOR -=head2 perlbook - Perl book information +=head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x + +=item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program +B, B, B -=item DESCRIPTION +=over + +=item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 + +=item Interface to Berkeley DB + +=item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File + +=item Default Parameters + +=item In Memory Databases + +=back + +=item DB_HASH =over -=item PREAMBLE +=item A Simple Example -B, B, B, B, B +=back -=item ROADMAP +=item DB_BTREE -=item Compiling your C program +=over -=item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program +=item Changing the BTREE sort order -=item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program +=item Handling Duplicate Keys -=item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program +=item The get_dup() Method -=item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program +=item The find_dup() Method -=item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program +=item The del_dup() Method -=item Maintaining a persistent interpreter +=item Matching Partial Keys -=item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances +=back -=item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C -program +=item DB_RECNO + +=over + +=item The 'bval' Option + +=item A Simple Example + +=item Extra RECNO Methods + +B<$X-Epush(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-Epop ;>, B<$X-Eshift>, +B<$X-Eunshift(list) ;>, B<$X-Elength> + +=item Another Example =back -=item MORAL +=item THE API INTERFACE -=item AUTHOR +B<$status = $X-Eget($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = +$X-Eput($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-Edel($key [, +$flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-Efd ;>, B<$status = $X-Eseq($key, +$value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-Esync([$flags]) ;> + +=item HINTS AND TIPS + +=over + +=item Locking Databases + +=item Sharing Databases With C Applications + +=item The untie() Gotcha + +=back + +=item COMMON QUESTIONS + +=over + +=item Why is there Perl source in my database? + +=item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File? + +=item What does "Invalid Argument" mean? + +=item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean? + +=back + +=item HISTORY + +=item BUGS + +=item AVAILABILITY =item COPYRIGHT -=head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface. +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both +printing and C =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -B, B, B, B, -B, B, -B, B, -B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B - =over -=item Co-existence with stdio +=item Methods -B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B +I->new(I, I), I<$OBJ>->Dump I +I->Dump(I, I), I<$OBJ>->Dumpxs I +I->Dumpxs(I, I), +I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), +I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Reset + +=item Functions + +Dumper(I), DumperX(I) + +=item Configuration Variables or Methods + +$Data::Dumper::Indent I I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>), +$Data::Dumper::Purity I I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>), +$Data::Dumper::Pad I I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>), +$Data::Dumper::Varname I I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>), +$Data::Dumper::Useqq I I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>), +$Data::Dumper::Terse I I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>), +$Data::Dumper::Freezer I $I->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>), +$Data::Dumper::Toaster I $I->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>), +$Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I $I->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>), +$Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I $I->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>), +$Data::Dumper::Bless I $I->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>) + +=item Exports + +Dumper =back -=head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual +=item EXAMPLES + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=item VERSION + +=item SEE ALSO + +=head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer + +=item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION +=item EXAMPLES + =over -=item Introduction +=item A simple scalar string -=item On The Road +=item A simple scalar number -=item The Anatomy of an XSUB +=item A simple scalar with an extra reference -=item The Argument Stack +=item A reference to a simple scalar -=item The RETVAL Variable +=item A reference to an array -=item The MODULE Keyword +=item A reference to a hash -=item The PACKAGE Keyword +=item Dumping a large array or hash -=item The PREFIX Keyword +=item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer -=item The OUTPUT: Keyword +=item A reference to a subroutine -=item The CODE: Keyword +=back -=item The INIT: Keyword +=item EXPORTS -=item The NO_INIT Keyword +=item BUGS -=item Initializing Function Parameters +=item AUTHOR -=item Default Parameter Values +=item SEE ALSO -=item The PREINIT: Keyword +=head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module -=item The SCOPE: Keyword +=item SYNOPSIS -=item The INPUT: Keyword +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Variable-length Parameter Lists +=head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles -=item The PPCODE: Keyword +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Returning Undef And Empty Lists +=item DESCRIPTION -=item The REQUIRE: Keyword +=head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data. -=item The CLEANUP: Keyword +=item SYNOPSYS -=item The BOOT: Keyword +=item DESCRIPTION -=item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword +=over -=item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword +=item Creation -=item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit, +stopDbSignal -=item The ALIAS: Keyword +=item Methods -=item The INCLUDE: Keyword +dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump, +veryCompact, set, get -=item The CASE: Keyword +=back -=item The & Unary Operator +=head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code -=item Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Using XS With C++ +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Interface Strategy +@dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs, +@dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(), +dl_load_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(), +dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(), +bootstrap() -=item Perl Objects And C Structures +=item AUTHOR -=item The Typemap +=head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation +variables -=back +=item SYNOPSIS -=item EXAMPLES +=item DESCRIPTION -=item XS VERSION +=head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHOR -=head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for XSUBs +=head2 Errno - System errno constants + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules + +=item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over -=item VERSION CAVEAT +=item Selecting What To Export -=item DYNAMIC VERSUS STATIC +=item Specialised Import Lists -=item EXAMPLE 1 +=item Exporting without using Export's import method -=item EXAMPLE 2 +=item Module Version Checking -=item WHAT HAS GONE ON? +=item Managing Unknown Symbols -=item WRITING GOOD TEST SCRIPTS +=item Tag Handling Utility Functions -=item EXAMPLE 3 +=back -=item WHAT'S NEW HERE? +=head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in +Makefiles etc. -=item INPUT AND OUTPUT PARAMETERS +=item SYNOPSIS -=item THE XSUBPP COMPILER +=item DESCRIPTION -=item THE TYPEMAP FILE +cat, eqtime src dst, rm_f files..., rm_f files..., touch files .., mv +source... destination, cp source... destination, chmod mode files.., mkpath +directory.., test_f file -=item WARNING +=item BUGS -=item EXAMPLE 4 +=item SEE ALSO -=item WHAT HAS HAPPENED HERE? +=item AUTHOR -=item SPECIFYING ARGUMENTS TO XSUBPP +=head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications -=item THE ARGUMENT STACK +=item SYNOPSIS -=item EXTENDING YOUR EXTENSION +=item DESCRIPTION -=item DOCUMENTING YOUR EXTENSION +=item @EXPORT -=item INSTALLING YOUR EXTENSION +=item FUNCTIONS + +xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(), +ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules) + +=item EXAMPLES =item SEE ALSO -=item Author +=item AUTHOR -=item Last Changed +=head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there -=back +=item SYNOPSIS -=head2 perlguts - Perl's Internal Functions +=item DESCRIPTION + +=head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules + +=item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item Variables +=item USAGE -=over +=item FUNCTIONS -=item Datatypes +new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(), +packlist(), version() -=item What is an "IV"? +=item EXAMPLE -=item Working with SV's +=item AUTHOR -=item What's Really Stored in an SV? +=head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them -=item Working with AV's +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Working with HV's +=item DESCRIPTION -=item References +For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions -=item Blessed References and Class Objects +=over -=item Creating New Variables +=item EXTRALIBS -=item Reference Counts and Mortality +=item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH -=item Stashes and Globs +=item BSLOADLIBS -=item Double-Typed SV's +=back -=item Magic Variables +=item PORTABILITY -=item Assigning Magic +=over -=item Magic Virtual Tables +=item VMS implementation -=item Finding Magic +=item Win32 implementation =back -=item Subroutines +=item SEE ALSO -=over +=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in +ExtUtils::MakeMaker -=item XSUB's and the Argument Stack +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Memory Allocation +canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive -=item PerlIO +=head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in +ExtUtils::MakeMaker -=item Putting a C value on Perl stack +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Scratchpads +=item DESCRIPTION + +=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker -=item Scratchpads and recursions +=item SYNOPSIS -=back +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Compiled code +=item METHODS =over -=item Code tree +=item Preloaded methods -=item Examining the tree +canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, rootdir, updir -=item Compile pass 1: check routines +=item SelfLoaded methods -=item Compile pass 1a: constant folding +c_o (o), cflags (o), clean (o), const_cccmd (o), const_config (o), +const_loadlibs (o), constants (o), depend (o), dir_target (o), dist (o), +dist_basics (o), dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), dist_dir (o), dist_test (o), +dlsyms (o), dynamic (o), dynamic_bs (o), dynamic_lib (o), exescan, +extliblist, file_name_is_absolute, find_perl -=item Compile pass 2: context propagation +=item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile -=item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization +fixin, force (o), guess_name, has_link_code, init_dirscan, init_main, +init_others, install (o), installbin (o), libscan (o), linkext (o), lsdir, +macro (o), makeaperl (o), makefile (o), manifypods (o), maybe_command, +maybe_command_in_dirs, needs_linking (o), nicetext, parse_version, +parse_abstract, pasthru (o), path, perl_script, perldepend (o), ppd, +perm_rw (o), perm_rwx (o), pm_to_blib, post_constants (o), post_initialize +(o), postamble (o), prefixify, processPL (o), realclean (o), +replace_manpage_separator, static (o), static_lib (o), staticmake (o), +subdir_x (o), subdirs (o), test (o), test_via_harness (o), test_via_script +(o), tool_autosplit (o), tools_other (o), tool_xsubpp (o), top_targets (o), +writedoc, xs_c (o), xs_cpp (o), xs_o (o), perl_archive, export_list =back -=item API LISTING - -AvFILL, av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, -av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, -DBsingle, DBsub, DBtrace, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dowarn, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, -dXSI32, ENTER, EXTEND, FREETMPS, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, GIMME, -G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, -GvSV, he_delayfree, he_free, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_exists, hv_fetch, -hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, -HvNAME, hv_store, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, -isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, -mg_get, mg_len, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, na, New, Newc, Newz, newAV, -newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVrv, -newSVsv, newXS, newXSproto, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, -ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_call_argv, perl_call_method, perl_call_pv, -perl_call_sv, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_eval_sv, perl_free, -perl_get_av, perl_get_cv, perl_get_hv, perl_get_sv, perl_parse, -perl_require_pv, perl_run, POPi, POPl, POPp, POPn, POPs, PUSHMARK, PUSHi, -PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, RETVAL, safefree, safemalloc, -saferealloc, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, -strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv, -sv_catpvn, sv_catsv, sv_cmp, sv_cmp, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, sv_dec, sv_dec, -SvEND, sv_eq, SvGROW, sv_grow, sv_inc, SvIOK, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, -SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only, SvIOKp, sv_isa, SvIV, sv_isobject, SvIVX, SvLEN, -sv_len, sv_len, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, SvOK, sv_newmortal, sv_no, SvNIOK, -SvNIOK_off, SvNIOKp, SvNOK, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNOK_only, -SvNOKp, SvNV, SvNVX, SvPOK, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only, -SvPOKp, SvPV, SvPVX, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, -SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, sv_setiv, sv_setnv, sv_setpv, sv_setpvn, -sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setsv, SvSTASH, -SVt_IV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SVt_NV, SvTRUE, -SvTYPE, svtype, SvUPGRADE, sv_upgrade, sv_undef, sv_unref, sv_usepvn, -sv_yes, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XS, -XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, -XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNV, XST_mNO, -XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero - -=item EDITOR +=item SEE ALSO -=item DATE +=head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in +ExtUtils::MakeMaker -=head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C +=item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program +=over -=item THE PERL_CALL FUNCTIONS +=item Methods always loaded -B, B, B, B +eliminate_macros, fixpath, catdir, catfile, wraplist, curdir (override), +rootdir (override), updir (override) -=item FLAG VALUES +=item SelfLoaded methods -=over +guess_name (override), find_perl (override), path (override), maybe_command +(override), maybe_command_in_dirs (override), perl_script (override), +file_name_is_absolute (override), replace_manpage_separator, init_others +(override), constants (override), cflags (override), const_cccmd +(override), pm_to_blib (override), tool_autosplit (override), tool_sxubpp +(override), xsubpp_version (override), tools_other (override), dist +(override), c_o (override), xs_c (override), xs_o (override), top_targets +(override), dlsyms (override), dynamic_lib (override), dynamic_bs +(override), static_lib (override), manifypods (override), processPL +(override), installbin (override), subdir_x (override), clean (override), +realclean (override), dist_basics (override), dist_core (override), +dist_dir (override), dist_test (override), install (override), perldepend +(override), makefile (override), test (override), test_via_harness +(override), test_via_script (override), makeaperl (override), nicetext +(override) -=item G_SCALAR +=back -=item G_ARRAY +=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in +ExtUtils::MakeMaker -=item G_DISCARD +=item SYNOPSIS -=item G_NOARGS +=item DESCRIPTION -=item G_EVAL +catfile, constants (o), static_lib (o), dynamic_bs (o), dynamic_lib (o), +canonpath, perl_script, pm_to_blib, test_via_harness (o), tool_autosplit +(override), tools_other (o), xs_o (o), top_targets (o), manifypods (o), +dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), pasthru (o) -=item G_KEEPERR +=head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile -=item Determining the Context +=item SYNOPSIS -=back +=item DESCRIPTION -=item KNOWN PROBLEMS +=over -=item EXAMPLES +=item How To Write A Makefile.PL -=over +=item Default Makefile Behaviour -=item No Parameters, Nothing returned +=item make test -=item Passing Parameters +=item make testdb -=item Returning a Scalar +=item make install -=item Returning a list of values +=item PREFIX and LIB attribute -=item Returning a list in a scalar context +=item AFS users -=item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list +=item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary -=item Using G_EVAL +=item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations -=item Using G_KEEPERR +=item Which architecture dependent directory? -=item Using perl_call_sv +=item Using Attributes and Parameters -=item Using perl_call_argv +AUTHOR, ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CAPI, CCFLAGS, CONFIG, +CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT, +EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, +INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, +INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, +INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_EXE, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, +INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE, +MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME, +NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC, +PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, +PMLIBDIRS, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC, PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, +PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, +XS_VERSION -=item Using perl_call_method +=item Additional lowercase attributes -=item Using GIMME +clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test, +tool_autosplit -=item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries +=item Overriding MakeMaker Methods -=item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information +=item Hintsfile support -1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of -callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl -callback +=item Distribution Support -=item Alternate Stack Manipulation + make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest, + make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make +shdist, make zipdist, make ci + +=item Disabling an extension =back -=item SEE ALSO +=item ENVIRONMENT -=item AUTHOR +PERL_MM_OPT -=item DATE +=item SEE ALSO -=head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION +=item AUTHORS -=head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package +=head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item BUGS +=item MANIFEST.SKIP -=item AUTHOR +=item EXPORT_OK -=head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning -diagnostics +=item GLOBAL VARIABLES -=item SYNOPSIS +=item DIAGNOSTICS -=item DESCRIPTION +C I, C I, C I<$!>, +C I -=over +=item SEE ALSO -=item The C Pragma +=item AUTHOR -=item The I Program +=head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c -=back +=item SYNOPSIS -=item EXAMPLES +=item DESCRIPTION -=item INTERNALS +=item SEE ALSO -=item BUGS +=head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader -=item AUTHOR +=item SYNOPSIS -=head2 integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of -double +=item DESCRIPTION + +=head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic +extension =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler +DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME -=item SYNOPSIS +=item AUTHOR -=item DESCRIPTION +=item REVISION -=head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time +=head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over - -=item ADDING DIRECTORIES TO @INC - -=item DELETING DIRECTORIES FROM @INC +=item USAGE -=item RESTORING ORIGINAL @INC +=item FUNCTIONS -=back +new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file() -=item SEE ALSO +=item EXAMPLE =item AUTHOR -=head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in -operations +=head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling +=head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die -=item SYNOPSIS +=item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item SEE ALSO +=item AUTHOR -=head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations +=head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines =item SYNOPSIS -=item CAVEAT SCRIPTOR - =item DESCRIPTION -=over - -=item Declaration of overloaded functions +=item NOTE -=item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations +=item EXPORTED SYMBOLS -FALSE, TRUE, C +=head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces -=item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Overloadable Operations +=item DESCRIPTION -I, I, I, -I, I, I, I +fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse -=item Inheritance and overloading +=item EXAMPLES -Strings as values of C directive, Overloading of an operation -is inherited by derived classes +C, C -=back +=head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree -=item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C +=item SYNOPSIS -=over +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Last Resort +=head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles -=item Fallback +=item SYNOPSIS -C, TRUE, defined, but FALSE +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Copy Constructor +=item RETURN -B +=item AUTHOR -=back +=head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles -=item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION +=item SYNOPSIS -I, I, -I, C, I, I, -I, I, I +=item DESCRIPTION -=item WARNING +=over -=item Run-time Overloading +=item Special behaviour if C is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32) -=item Public functions +rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag]) -overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op) +=back -=item IMPLEMENTATION +=item RETURN =item AUTHOR -=item DIAGNOSTICS - -=item BUGS - -=head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling +=head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item OPTIONS - -=over - -=item SIGNAL HANDLERS - -B, B, B I - -=item SIGNAL LISTS - -B, B, B +=item EXPORTS (by request only) -=item OTHER +=item BUGS -B, B, I, I +=item AUTHOR -=back +=item HISTORY -=item EXAMPLES +=item SEE ALSO -=head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs +=head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -C, C, C +=item BUGS -=head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names +=head2 File::Path - create or remove a series of directories =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names +=item AUTHORS + +=head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION +=item SEE ALSO -=head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs +=item AUTHORS + +=head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names =item SYNOPSIS @@ -1811,45 +5440,46 @@ C, C, C =over -=item DBM Comparisons - -[0], [1], [2], [3] +=item Exports =back =item SEE ALSO -=head2 AutoLoader - load functions only on demand +=head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over - -=item __END__ +=item METHODS -=item Loading Stubs +canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir, +file_name_is_absolute, path -=item Package Lexicals +=item SEE ALSO -=item AutoLoader vs. SelfLoader +=head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs -=back +=item SYNOPSIS -=item CAVEAT +=item DESCRIPTION -=head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading +=head2 File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item CAVEATS +=item METHODS -=item DIAGNOSTICS +canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir, +no_upwards, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath, splitdir, +catpath, abs2rel, rel2abs -=head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of code +=item SEE ALSO + +=head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs =item SYNOPSIS @@ -1857,1363 +5487,1356 @@ C, C, C =over -=item Methods - -new, debug - -=item Standard Exports - -timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis, timethese, timediff, timestr +=item Methods always loaded -=item Optional Exports +catdir, catfile, curdir (override), devnull (override), rootdir (override), +tmpdir (override), updir (override), path (override), file_name_is_absolute +(override) =back -=item NOTES +=item SEE ALSO -=item INHERITANCE +=head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs -=item CAVEATS +=item SYNOPSIS -=item AUTHORS +=item DESCRIPTION -=item MODIFICATION HISTORY +devnull, tmpdir, catfile, canonpath, splitpath, splitdir, catpath, abs2rel, +rel2abs -=head2 Bundle::CPAN - A bundle to play with all the other modules on CPAN +=item SEE ALSO -=item SYNOPSIS +=head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions -=item CONTENTS +=item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION +=item NOTE + =item AUTHOR -=head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites +=head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=item BUGS -=item Interactive Mode +=head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles -Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test, -install, clean modules or distributions, readme, look module or -distribution +=item SYNOPSIS -=item CPAN::Shell +=item DESCRIPTION -=item autobundle +$fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines -=item recompile +=item SEE ALSO -=item ProgrammerE<39>s interface +=head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script -=item Cache Manager +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Bundles +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Prerequisites +=item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES -=item Debugging +=item KNOWN BUGS -=item Floppy, Zip, and all that Jazz +=item AUTHORS -=back +=item COPYRIGHT -=item CONFIGURATION +=head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library. -o conf Escalar optionE, o conf Escalar optionE -EvalueE, o conf Elist optionE, o conf Elist optionE -[shift|pop], o conf Elist optionE [unshift|push|splice] -ElistE +=item SYNOPSIS -=item SECURITY +=item DESCRIPTION -=item EXPORT +=item AVAILABILITY =item BUGS -=item AUTHOR - =item SEE ALSO -=head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization +=head2 Getopt::Long, GetOptions - extended processing of command line +options =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS -module - -=item SYNOPSIS +!, +, :s, :i, :f -=item DESCRIPTION +=over -=item SEE ALSO +=item Linkage specification -=head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller) +=item Aliases and abbreviations -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Non-option call-back routine -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Option starters -=head2 Class::Template - struct/member template builder +=item Return values and Errors -=item SYNOPSIS +=back -=item DESCRIPTION +=item COMPATIBILITY =item EXAMPLES -Example 1, Example 2 +=item CONFIGURATION OPTIONS -=item NOTES +default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, require_order, permute, bundling +(default: reset), bundling_override (default: reset), ignore_case +(default: set), ignore_case_always (default: reset), pass_through (default: +reset), prefix, prefix_pattern, debug (default: reset) -=head2 Config - access Perl configuration information +=item OTHER USEFUL VARIABLES -=item SYNOPSIS +$Getopt::Long::VERSION, $Getopt::Long::error -=item DESCRIPTION +=item AUTHOR -myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names) +=item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER -=item EXAMPLE +=head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch +clustering -=item WARNING +=item SYNOPSIS -=item NOTE +=item DESCRIPTION -=head2 Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory +=head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current +locale =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB +=head2 IO - load various IO modules =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -B, B, B - -=over - -=item How does DB_File interface to Berkeley DB? +=head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles -=item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Default Parameters +=item DESCRIPTION -=item In Memory Databases +new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (), +rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ] -=back +=item SEE ALSO -=item DB_HASH +=item AUTHOR -=over +=item COPYRIGHT -=item A Simple Example. +=head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles -=back +=item SYNOPSIS -=item DB_BTREE +=item DESCRIPTION -=over +=item CONSTRUCTOR -=item Changing the BTREE sort order +new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile -=item Handling duplicate keys +=item METHODS -=item The get_dup method. +open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ) -=item Matching Partial Keys +=item SEE ALSO -=back +=item HISTORY -=item DB_RECNO +=head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles -=over +=item SYNOPSIS -=item The bval option +=item DESCRIPTION -=item A Simple Example +=item CONSTRUCTOR -=item Extra Methods +new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE ) -B<$X-Epush(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-Epop ;>, B<$X-Eshift>, -B<$X-Eunshift(list) ;>, B<$X-Elength> +=item METHODS -=item Another Example +$io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines, +$io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error, +$io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ), +$io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint -=back +=item NOTE -=item THE API INTERFACE +=item SEE ALSO -B<$status = $X-Eget($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = -$X-Eput($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-Edel($key [, -$flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-Efd ;>, B<$status = $X-Eseq($key, -$value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-Esync([$flags]) ;> +=item BUGS -=item HINTS AND TIPS +=item HISTORY -=over +=head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes -=item Locking Databases +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Sharing databases with C applications +=item DESCRIPTION -=item The untie gotcha +=item CONSTRUCTOR -=back +new ( [READER, WRITER] ) -=item COMMON QUESTIONS +=item METHODS -=over +reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles () -=item Why is there Perl source in my database? +=item SEE ALSO -=item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File? +=item AUTHOR -=item What does "Invalid Argument" mean? +=item COPYRIGHT -=item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean? +=head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call -=back +=item SYNOPSIS -=item HISTORY +=item DESCRIPTION -=item BUGS +=item METHODS -=item AVAILABILITY +mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove ( +IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] ) =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR -=head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module +=item COPYRIGHT + +=head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles +=item SEE ALSO + +=item HISTORY + +=head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code +=item CONSTRUCTOR -=item SYNOPSIS +new ( [ HANDLES ] ) -=item DESCRIPTION +=item METHODS -@dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs, -@dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(), -dl_load_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(), -dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(), -bootstrap() +add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read ( +[ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), +count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] ) + +=item EXAMPLE =item AUTHOR -=head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation -variables +=item COPYRIGHT + +=head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables +=item CONSTRUCTOR -=item SYNOPSIS +new ( [ARGS] ) -=item DESCRIPTION +=item METHODS + +accept([PKG]), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, +protocol, connected + +=item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR -=head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules +=item COPYRIGHT + +=head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION +=item CONSTRUCTOR + +new ( [ARGS] ) + =over -=item Selecting What To Export +=item METHODS -=item Specialised Import Lists +sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost +() -=item Module Version Checking +=back -=item Managing Unknown Symbols +=item SEE ALSO -=item Tag Handling Utility Functions +=item AUTHOR -=back +=item COPYRIGHT -=head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications +=head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item @EXPORT +=item CONSTRUCTOR -=item FUNCTIONS +new ( [ARGS] ) -xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(), -ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules) +=item METHODS -=item EXAMPLES +hostpath(), peerpath() =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR -=head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there - -=item SYNOPSIS - -=item DESCRIPTION +=item COPYRIGHT -=head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them +=head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory +handles =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions - -=over +new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (), +rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ] -=item EXTRALIBS +=item SEE ALSO -=item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH +=item AUTHOR -=item BSLOADLIBS +=item COPYRIGHT -=back +=head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles -=item PORTABILITY +=item SYNOPSIS -=over +=item DESCRIPTION -=item VMS implementation +=item CONSTRUCTOR -=back +new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile -=item SEE ALSO +=item METHODS -=head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in -ExtUtils::MakeMaker +open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ) -=item SYNOPSIS +=item SEE ALSO -=item DESCRIPTION +=item HISTORY -=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker +=head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O +handles =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item METHODS - -=over - -=item Preloaded methods +=item CONSTRUCTOR -canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, rootdir, updir +new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE ) -=item SelfLoaded methods +=item METHODS -c_o (o), cflags (o), clean (o), const_cccmd (o), const_config (o), -const_loadlibs (o), constants (o), depend (o), dir_target (o), dist (o), -dist_basics (o), dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), dist_dir (o), dist_test (o), -dlsyms (o), dynamic (o), dynamic_bs (o), dynamic_lib (o), exescan, -extliblist, file_name_is_absolute, find_perl +$io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines, +$io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error, +$io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ), +$io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint -=item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile +=item NOTE -force (o), guess_name, has_link_code, init_dirscan, init_main, init_others, -install (o), installbin (o), libscan (o), linkext (o), lsdir, macro (o), -makeaperl (o), makefile (o), manifypods (o), maybe_command, -maybe_command_in_dirs, needs_linking (o), nicetext, parse_version, pasthru -(o), path, perl_script, perldepend (o), pm_to_blib, post_constants (o), -post_initialize (o), postamble (o), prefixify, processPL (o), realclean -(o), replace_manpage_separator, static (o), static_lib (o), staticmake (o), -subdir_x (o), subdirs (o), test (o), test_via_harness (o), test_via_script -(o), tool_autosplit (o), tools_other (o), tool_xsubpp (o), top_targets (o), -writedoc, xs_c (o), xs_o (o) +=item SEE ALSO -=back +=item BUGS -=item SEE ALSO +=item HISTORY -=head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in -ExtUtils::MakeMaker +=head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=item CONSTRUCTOR -=item Methods always loaded +new ( [READER, WRITER] ) -eliminate_macros, fixpath, catdir, catfile, wraplist, curdir (override), -rootdir (override), updir (override) +=item METHODS -=item SelfLoaded methods +reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles () -guess_name (override), find_perl (override), path (override), maybe_command -(override), maybe_command_in_dirs (override), perl_script (override), -file_name_is_absolute (override), replace_manpage_separator, init_others -(override), constants (override), cflags (override), const_cccmd -(override), pm_to_blib (override), tool_autosplit (override), tool_sxubpp -(override), xsubpp_version (override), tools_other (override), dist -(override), c_o (override), xs_c (override), xs_o (override), top_targets -(override), dlsyms (override), dynamic_lib (override), dynamic_bs -(override), static_lib (override), manifypods (override), processPL -(override), installbin (override), subdir_x (override), clean (override), -realclean (override), dist_basics (override), dist_core (override), -dist_dir (override), dist_test (override), install (override), perldepend -(override), makefile (override), test (override), test_via_harness -(override), test_via_script (override), makeaperl (override), nicetext -(override) +=item SEE ALSO -=back +=item AUTHOR -=head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile +=item COPYRIGHT + +=head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over - -=item How To Write A Makefile.PL - -=item Default Makefile Behaviour +=item METHODS -=item make test +mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove ( +IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] ) -=item make testdb +=item SEE ALSO -=item make install +=item AUTHOR -=item PREFIX and LIB attribute +=item COPYRIGHT -=item AFS users +=head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for +I/O objects -=item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Which architecture dependent directory? +=item SEE ALSO -=item Using Attributes and Parameters +=item HISTORY -C, CONFIG, CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, -EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, NO_VC, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, H, INC, -INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, -INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITELIB, -INSTALLSITEARCH, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_EXE, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, -INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIBPERL_A, LIB, LIBS, LINKTYPE, -MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME, -NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC, -PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_SRC, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PREFIX, -PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, -XS_VERSION +=head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system +call -=item Additional lowercase attributes +=item SYNOPSIS -clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, installpm, linkext, macro, realclean, -tool_autosplit +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Overriding MakeMaker Methods +=item CONSTRUCTOR -=item Hintsfile support +new ( [ HANDLES ] ) -=item Distribution Support +=item METHODS - make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest, - make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make -shdist, make zipdist, make ci +add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read ( +[ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), +count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] ) -=back +=item EXAMPLE -=item SEE ALSO +=item AUTHOR -=item AUTHORS +=item COPYRIGHT -=head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file +=head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket +communications =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item MANIFEST.SKIP - -=item EXPORT_OK +=item CONSTRUCTOR -=item GLOBAL VARIABLES +new ( [ARGS] ) -=item DIAGNOSTICS +=item METHODS -C I, C I, C I<$!>, -C I +accept([PKG]), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, +protocol, connected =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR -=head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c +=item COPYRIGHT + +=head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for +AF_INET domain sockets =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION +=item CONSTRUCTOR + +new ( [ARGS] ) + +=over + +=item METHODS + +sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost +() + +=back + =item SEE ALSO -=head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for +AF_UNIX domain sockets =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic -extension +=item CONSTRUCTOR -=item SYNOPSIS +new ( [ARGS] ) -=item DESCRIPTION +=item METHODS -NAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, DLBASE +hostpath(), peerpath() + +=item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR -=item REVISION +=item COPYRIGHT -=head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC +=head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines +=item METHODS -=item SYNOPSIS +new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set +( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [, +FLAGS ] ), stat -=item DESCRIPTION +=item SEE ALSO -=item NOTE +=item AUTHOR -=item EXPORTED SYMBOLS +=item COPYRIGHT -=head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces +=head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse - -=item EXAMPLES +=item WARNING -C, C +=item SEE ALSO -=head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree +=head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error +handling =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles +=item WARNING + +=head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item RETURN +=item METHODS + +new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ), +getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ), +set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N +, VALUE ), stat + +=item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR -=head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles +=item COPYRIGHT + +=head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over - -=item Special behavior if C is defined (VMS and OS/2) - -rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag]) +ftok( PATH, ID ) -=back +=item SEE ALSO -=item RETURN +=item AUTHORS -=item AUTHOR +=item COPYRIGHT -=head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree +=head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=head2 File::Path - create or remove a series of directories +=item METHODS -=item SYNOPSIS +new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set +( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [, +FLAGS ] ), stat -=item DESCRIPTION +=item SEE ALSO -=item AUTHORS +=item AUTHOR -=item REVISION +=item COPYRIGHT -=head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions +=head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object +class =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item NOTE +=item METHODS + +new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ), +getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ), +set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N +, VALUE ), stat + +=item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR -=head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits +=item COPYRIGHT + +=head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION +number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to, Rounding is +performed + =item BUGS -=head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles +=item AUTHOR + +=head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -$fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines +Canonical notation, Input, Output -=item SEE ALSO +=item EXAMPLES -=head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script +=item Autocreating constants -=item SYNOPSIS +=item BUGS -=item DESCRIPTION +=item AUTHOR -=item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES +=head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical +functions -=item KNOWN BUGS +=item SYNOPSIS -=item AUTHORS +=item DESCRIPTION -=item COPYRIGHT +=item OPERATIONS -=item REVISION +=item CREATION -=head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library. +=item STRINGIFICATION -=item SYNOPSIS +=item USAGE -=item DESCRIPTION +=item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO -=item AVAILABILITY +=item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS =item BUGS -=item SEE ALSO +=item AUTHORS -=head2 Getopt::Long, GetOptions - extended processing of command line -options +=head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -EnoneE, !, =s, :s, =i, :i, =f, :f - -=over - -=item Linkage specification +=item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS -=item Aliases and abbreviations +B -=item Non-option call-back routine +=over -=item Option starters +=item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO -=item Return value +=item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS =back -=item COMPATIBILITY +=item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS -=item EXAMPLES +=item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS -=item CONFIGURATION VARIABLES +=over -$Getopt::Long::autoabbrev, $Getopt::Long::getopt_compat, -$Getopt::Long::order, $Getopt::Long::bundling, $Getopt::Long::ignorecase, -$Getopt::Long::passthrough, $Getopt::Long::VERSION, $Getopt::Long::error, -$Getopt::Long::debug +=item COORDINATE SYSTEMS -=head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch -clustering +=item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS -=item SYNOPSIS +cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian, +cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical -=item DESCRIPTION +=back -=head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current -locale +=item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES -=item SYNOPSIS +=item EXAMPLES -=item DESCRIPTION +=item BUGS -=head2 IO - load various IO modules +=item AUTHORS + +=head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles +=head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item CONSTRUCTOR +=over -new ([ ARGS ] ) +=item Functions -=item METHODS +Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [, +$timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]); -open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ) +=back -=item SEE ALSO +=item WARNING -=item HISTORY +=item NOTES -=head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles +=head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() +functions =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item CONSTRUCTOR - -new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE ) - -=item METHODS - -$fh->getline, $fh->getlines, $fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->write ( BUF, -LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->opened, $fh->untaint +=item EXAMPLES =item NOTE -=item SEE ALSO - -=item BUGS - -=item HISTORY +=item AUTHOR -=head2 IO::Pipe, IO::pipe - supply object methods for pipes +=head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() +functions =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item CONSTRCUTOR - -new ( [READER, WRITER] ) - -=item METHODS - -reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles () +=item EXAMPLES -=item SEE ALSO +=item NOTE =item AUTHOR -=item COPYRIGHT - -=head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects +=head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() +functions =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item SEE ALSO +=item NOTE -=item HISTORY +=item AUTHOR -=head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call +=head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() +functions =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item CONSTRUCTOR +=item EXAMPLES -new ( [ HANDLES ] ) +=item NOTE -=item METHODS +=item AUTHOR -add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read ( -[ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_error ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count -(), bits(), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] ) +=head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends -=item EXAMPLE +=item SYNOPSIS -=item AUTHOR +=item DESCRIPTION -=item COPYRIGHT +=item CONVENTIONS -=head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications +=item IMPLEMENTATION + +=item AUTHOR + +=head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item CONSTRUCTOR +=head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code -new ( [ARGS] ) +=item SYNOPSIS -=item METHODS +=item DESCRIPTION -accept([PKG]), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, -protocol +=item NOTE -=item SUB-CLASSES +=item WARNING -=over +=item Operator Names and Operator Lists -=item IO::Socket::INET +an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname +or optag, an operator set (opset) -=item METHODS +=item Opcode Functions -sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost -() +opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET), +full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...), +define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...), +opdump (PAT) -=item IO::Socket::UNIX +=item Manipulating Opsets -=item METHODS +=item TO DO (maybe) -hostpath(), peerpath() +=item Predefined Opcode Tags -=back +:base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math, +:base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open, +:filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided, +:dangerous =item SEE ALSO -=item AUTHOR - -=item COPYRIGHT +=item AUTHORS -=head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles +=head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted +compartments =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item CONSTRUCTOR - -new ([ ARGS ] ) +a new namespace, an operator mask -=item METHODS +=item WARNING -open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ) +=over -=item SEE ALSO +=item RECENT CHANGES -=item HISTORY +=item Methods in class Safe -=head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O -handles +permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP, +...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from +(PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME), +root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK) -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Some Safety Issues -=item DESCRIPTION +Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes -=item CONSTRUCTOR +=item AUTHOR -new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE ) +=back -=item METHODS +=head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when +compiling -$fh->getline, $fh->getlines, $fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->write ( BUF, -LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->opened, $fh->untaint +=item SYNOPSIS -=item NOTE +=item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO -=item BUGS - -=item HISTORY - -=head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::pipe - supply object methods for pipes +=head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item CONSTRCUTOR +=item NOTE -new ( [READER, WRITER] ) +=item CAVEATS -=item METHODS +=item FUNCTIONS -reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles () +_exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2, +atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown, +clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime, +cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv, +execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror, +fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf, +fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos, +fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid, +getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid, +getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty, +iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper, +isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10, +longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, +memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open, +opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts, +qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind, +rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid, +setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp, +sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat, +strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen, +strncat, strncmp, strncpy, stroul, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, +strtod, strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, +tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, +tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, +ungetc, unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, +wcstombs, wctomb, write -=item SEE ALSO +=item CLASSES -=item AUTHOR +=over -=item COPYRIGHT +=item POSIX::SigAction -=head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for -I/O objects +new -=item SYNOPSIS +=item POSIX::SigSet -=item DESCRIPTION +new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember -=item SEE ALSO +=item POSIX::Termios -=item HISTORY +new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag, +getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag, +setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc +field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field +values, c_oflag field values -=head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system -call +=back -=item SYNOPSIS +=item PATHNAME CONSTANTS -=item DESCRIPTION +Constants -=item CONSTRUCTOR +=item POSIX CONSTANTS -new ( [ HANDLES ] ) +Constants -=item METHODS +=item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION -add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read ( -[ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_error ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count -(), bits(), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] ) +Constants -=item EXAMPLE +=item ERRNO -=item AUTHOR +Constants -=item COPYRIGHT +=item FCNTL -=head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket -communications +Constants -=item SYNOPSIS +=item FLOAT -=item DESCRIPTION +Constants -=item CONSTRUCTOR +=item LIMITS -new ( [ARGS] ) +Constants -=item METHODS +=item LOCALE -accept([PKG]), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, -protocol +Constants -=item SUB-CLASSES +=item MATH -=over +Constants -=item IO::Socket::INET +=item SIGNAL -=item METHODS +Constants -sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost -() +=item STAT -=item IO::Socket::UNIX +Constants, Macros -=item METHODS +=item STDLIB -hostpath(), peerpath() +Constants -=back +=item STDIO -=item SEE ALSO +Constants -=item AUTHOR +=item TIME -=item COPYRIGHT +Constants -=head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing +=item UNISTD -=item SYNOPSIS +Constants -=item DESCRIPTION +=item WAIT -=item WARNING +Constants, Macros -=item SEE ALSO +=item CREATION -=head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error -handling +=head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors =item SYNOPSIS +=item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS + =item DESCRIPTION -=item WARNING +=item EXAMPLES -=head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package +=item AUTHOR + +=head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to +=item ARGUMENTS -=item BUGS +help, htmldir, htmlroot, infile, outfile, podroot, podpath, libpods, +netscape, nonetscape, index, noindex, recurse, norecurse, title, verbose + +=item EXAMPLE =item AUTHOR -=head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package +=item BUGS -=item SYNOPSIS +=item SEE ALSO -=item DESCRIPTION +=item COPYRIGHT -Canonical notation, Input, Output +=head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs, +commands, etc. -=item EXAMPLES +=item SYNOPSIS -=item BUGS +=item REQUIRES -=item AUTHOR +=item EXPORTS -=head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical -functions +=item DESCRIPTION -=item SYNOPSIS +B, B, B, +B -=item DESCRIPTION +=item B -=item OPERATIONS +=over -=item CREATION +=item B -=item STRINGIFICATION +=item B -=item USAGE +=item B -=item BUGS +=item B -=item AUTHOR +=back -=head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files +=item B -=item SYNOPSIS +=over -=item DESCRIPTION +=item B -=head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability +=item B -=item SYNOPSIS +=item B -=item DESCRIPTION +=item B -=over +=item B -=item Functions +=item B -Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [, -$timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]); +=item B + +=item B =back -=item WARNING +=item B -=item NOTES +=over -=head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() -functions +=item B -=item SYNOPSIS +=item B -=item DESCRIPTION +=item B -=item EXAMPLES +=item B -=item NOTE +=item B -=item AUTHOR +=item B -=head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() -functions +=item B -=item SYNOPSIS +=item B -=item DESCRIPTION +=item B -=item EXAMPLES +=item B -=item NOTE +=item B + +=back -=item AUTHOR +=item B -=head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() -functions +=over -=item SYNOPSIS +=item B -=item DESCRIPTION +=item B -=item NOTE +=item B -=item AUTHOR +=item B -=head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() -functions +=item B -=item SYNOPSIS +=item B -=item DESCRIPTION +=item B -=item EXAMPLES +=back -=item NOTE +=item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR -=head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files +=head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators =item SYNOPSIS +=item REQUIRES + +=item EXPORTS + =item DESCRIPTION -=head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code +=item QUICK OVERVIEW -=item SYNOPSIS +=item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES -=item DESCRIPTION +=item B -=item NOTE +C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para> -=item WARNING +=item B -=item Operator Names and Operator Lists +C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para> -an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname -or optag, an operator set (opset) +=item B -=item Opcode Functions +C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para> -opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET), -full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...), -define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...), -opdump (PAT) +=item B -=item Manipulating Opsets +=item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES -=item TO DO (maybe) +=item B -=item Predefined Opcode Tags +=item B -:base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math, -:default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open, :filesys_write, -:subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided, :dangerous +=item B -=item SEE ALSO +=item B -=item AUTHORS +=item B -=head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted -compartments +=item B -=item SYNOPSIS +=item B -=item DESCRIPTION +=item B -a new namespace, an operator mask +=item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING -=item WARNING +=item B -=over +B<-expand_seq> =E I|I, B<-expand_ptree> =E +I|I -=item RECENT CHANGES +=item B -=item Methods in class Safe +=item B -permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP, -...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from -(PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME), -root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK) +=item B -=item Some Safety Issues +=item B -Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes +=item ACCESSOR METHODS -=item AUTHOR +=item B -=back +=item B -=head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when -compiling +=item B -=item SYNOPSIS +=item B -=item DESCRIPTION +=item B -=item SEE ALSO +=item B -=head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1 +=item B -=item SYNOPSIS +=item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA -=item DESCRIPTION +=item B<_push_input_stream()> -=item NOTE +=item B<_pop_input_stream()> -=item CAVEATS +=item SEE ALSO -=item FUNCTIONS +=item AUTHOR -_exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2, -atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown, -clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime, -cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv, -execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror, -fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf, -fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos, -fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid, -getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid, -getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty, -iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper, -isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10, -longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, -memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open, -opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts, -qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind, -rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid, -setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp, -sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat, -strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen, -strncat, strncmp, strncpy, stroul, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, -strtod, strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, -tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, -tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, -ungetc, unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, -wcstombs, wctomb, write +=head2 Pod::PlainText, pod2plaintext - function to convert POD data to +formatted ASCII text -=item CLASSES +=item SYNOPSIS -=over +=item REQUIRES -=item POSIX::SigAction +=item EXPORTS -new +=item DESCRIPTION -=item POSIX::SigSet +=item SEE ALSO -new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember +=item AUTHOR -=item POSIX::Termios +=head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from +input -new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag, -getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag, -setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc -field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field -values, c_oflag field values +=item SYNOPSIS -=back +=item REQUIRES -=item PATHNAME CONSTANTS +=item EXPORTS -Constants +=item DESCRIPTION -=item POSIX CONSTANTS +=item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS -Constants +=item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS -=item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION +=item OBJECT METHODS -Constants +=item B -=item ERRNO +=item B -Constants +=item B -=item FCNTL +=item B -Constants +=item B -=item FLOAT +=item B -Constants +=item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS -=item LIMITS +=item B -Constants +B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges> -=item LOCALE +=item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA -Constants +=item B<_compile_section_spec()> -=item MATH +=over -Constants +=item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS} -=item SIGNAL +=item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS} -Constants +=back -=item STAT +=item SEE ALSO -Constants, Macros +=item AUTHOR -=item STDLIB +=head2 Pod::Text - convert POD data to formatted ASCII text -Constants +=item SYNOPSIS -=item STDIO +=item DESCRIPTION -Constants +=item AUTHOR -=item TIME +=item TODO -Constants +=head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod +documentation -=item UNISTD +=item SYNOPSIS -Constants +=item ARGUMENTS -=item WAIT +C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>, +C<-pathlist> -Constants, Macros +=item DESCRIPTION -=item CREATION +=item EXAMPLES -=head2 Pod::Text - convert POD data to formatted ASCII text +=over -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Recommended Use -=item DESCRIPTION +=back + +=item CAVEATS =item AUTHOR -=item TODO +=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files @@ -3329,7 +6952,8 @@ interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls =item DESCRIPTION openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args, -setlogmask $mask_priority, closelog +setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02), +closelog =item EXAMPLES @@ -3353,8 +6977,7 @@ setlogmask $mask_priority, closelog =item DESCRIPTION -EtabEAttempts word completion. -Cannot be changed, ^D, ^U, EdelE, EbsE +EtabE, ^D, ^U, EdelE, EbsE =item DIAGNOSTICS @@ -3372,10 +6995,34 @@ no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions. =item Minimal set of supported functions C, C, C, C, C, $C, -C, C, C +C, C, Attribs, C + +=item Additional supported functions + +C, C, C =item EXPORTS +=item ENVIRONMENT + +=head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item TEST TYPES + +NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS + +=item RETURN VALUE + +=item ONFAIL + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics =item SYNOPSIS @@ -3397,6 +7044,8 @@ C, C, C, C +=item ENVIRONMENT + =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS @@ -3411,12 +7060,21 @@ C, Cself, Thread->list, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE, +cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield + +=item METHODS + +join, eval, detach, equal, tid + +=item LIMITATIONS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS + +new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending + +=item SEE ALSO + +=head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS + +new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER + +=head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + =item BUGS -=item AUTHOR +=head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index, +FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, CLEAR this, +DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, +SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST + +=item CAVEATS + +=item AUTHOR + +=head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied +handles + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this, +LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset, +READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this, +EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this + +=item MORE INFORMATION =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes @@ -3507,6 +7248,10 @@ TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this =item DESCRIPTION +=item IMPLEMENTATION + +=item BUGS + =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime() function @@ -3543,7 +7288,8 @@ function =item DESCRIPTION -isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), isa ( REF, TYPE ) +isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), UNIVERSAL::isa ( +VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL, METHOD ) =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions @@ -3592,6 +7338,6 @@ don't all have manual pages yet: =head1 AUTHOR -Larry Wall EFE, with the help of oodles +Larry Wall >, with the help of oodles of other folks.