X-Git-Url: http://git.shadowcat.co.uk/gitweb/gitweb.cgi?a=blobdiff_plain;f=pod%2Fperltoc.pod;h=c9a58132032ab3908bdaccea9977ce1ba361613d;hb=438cc6089d922e42fd6635c1b8212ad034402745;hp=b33376e440376802ee11de62668b82f728d215e3;hpb=ff45a9ac4d71c0109dd007e8443704afe2ce7e4f;p=p5sagit%2Fp5-mst-13.2.git diff --git a/pod/perltoc.pod b/pod/perltoc.pod index b33376e..c9a5813 100644 --- a/pod/perltoc.pod +++ b/pod/perltoc.pod @@ -13,22 +13,12 @@ through to locate the proper section you're looking for. =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -modularity and reusability using innumerable modules, embeddable and -extensible, roll-your-own magic variables (including multiple simultaneous -DBM implementations), subroutines can now be overridden, autoloaded, and -prototyped, arbitrarily nested data structures and anonymous functions, -object-oriented programming, compilability into C code or Perl bytecode, -support for light-weight processes (threads), support for -internationalization, localization, and Unicode, lexical scoping, regular -expression enhancements, enhanced debugger and interactive Perl -environment, with integrated editor support, POSIX 1003.1 compliant library - =item AVAILABILITY =item ENVIRONMENT @@ -50,4666 +40,7642 @@ environment, with integrated editor support, POSIX 1003.1 compliant library =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23 20:38:02 $) -=over - -=item DESCRIPTION - -perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ, L: General Questions -About Perl, What is Perl?, Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it -free?, Which version of Perl should I use?, What are perl4 and perl5?, What -is perl6?, How stable is Perl?, Is Perl difficult to learn?, How does Perl -compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, Scheme, or Tcl?, Can -I do [task] in Perl?, When shouldn't I program in Perl?, What's the -difference between "perl" and "Perl"?, Is it a Perl program or a Perl -script?, What is a JAPH?, Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?, -How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version -(5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language)?, L: Obtaining and -Learning about Perl, What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?, How -can I get a binary version of Perl?, I don't have a C compiler on my -system. How can I compile perl?, I copied the Perl binary from one machine -to another, but scripts don't work, I grabbed the sources and tried to -compile but gdbm/dynamic loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make -it work?, What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is -CPAN? What does CPAN/src/... mean?, Is there an ISO or ANSI certified -version of Perl?, Where can I get information on Perl?, What are the Perl -newsgroups on USENET? Where do I post questions?, Where should I post -source code?, Perl Books, Perl in Magazines, Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW -Access, What mailing lists are there for perl?, Archives of -comp.lang.perl.misc, Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?, Where -do I send bug reports?, What is perl.com?, L: Programming Tools, -How do I do (anything)?, How can I use Perl interactively?, Is there a Perl -shell?, How do I debug my Perl programs?, How do I profile my Perl -programs?, How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?, Is there a -pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?, Is there a ctags for Perl?, Is there -an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?, Where can I get Perl macros for vi?, Where -can I get perl-mode for emacs?, How can I use curses with Perl?, How can I -use X or Tk with Perl?, How can I generate simple menus without using CGI -or Tk?, What is undump?, How can I make my Perl program run faster?, How -can I make my Perl program take less memory?, Is it unsafe to return a -pointer to local data?, How can I free an array or hash so my program -shrinks?, How can I make my CGI script more efficient?, How can I hide the -source for my Perl program?, How can I compile my Perl program into byte -code or C?, How can I compile Perl into Java?, How can I get C<#!perl> to -work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?, Can I write useful perl programs on the command -line?, Why don't perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?, Where can -I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?, Where can I learn about -object-oriented Perl programming?, Where can I learn about linking C with -Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp], I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't -embed perl in my C program, what am I doing wrong?, When I tried to run my -script, I got this message. What does it mean?, What's MakeMaker?, -L: Data Manipulation, Why am I getting long decimals (eg, -19.9499999999999) instead of the numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?, -Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?, Does Perl have a round() -function? What about ceil() and floor()? Trig functions?, How do I -convert bits into ints?, Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?, How do I -multiply matrices?, How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?, -How can I output Roman numerals?, Why aren't my random numbers random?, How -do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?, How do I find the current -century or millennium?, How can I compare two dates and find the -difference?, How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?, How -can I find the Julian Day?, How do I find yesterday's date?, Does Perl have -a year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?, How do I validate input?, How -do I unescape a string?, How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?, -How do I expand function calls in a string?, How do I find matching/nesting -anything?, How do I reverse a string?, How do I expand tabs in a string?, -How do I reformat a paragraph?, How can I access/change the first N letters -of a string?, How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?, How can I -count the number of occurrences of a substring within a string?, How do I -capitalize all the words on one line?, How can I split a [character] -delimited string except when inside [character]? (Comma-separated files), -How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?, How do I -pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?, How do I extract -selected columns from a string?, How do I find the soundex value of a -string?, How can I expand variables in text strings?, What's wrong with -always quoting "$vars"?, Why don't my <: Files and Formats, How do I flush/unbuffer an output -filehandle? Why must I do this?, How do I change one line in a file/delete -a line in a file/insert a line in the middle of a file/append to the -beginning of a file?, How do I count the number of lines in a file?, How do -I make a temporary file name?, How can I manipulate fixed-record-length -files?, How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass -filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?, -How can I use a filehandle indirectly?, How can I set up a footer format to -be used with write()?, How can I write() into a string?, How can I output -my numbers with commas added?, How can I translate tildes (~) in a -filename?, How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?, Why do -I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?, Is there a -leak/bug in glob()?, How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing -blanks?, How can I reliably rename a file?, How can I lock a file?, Why -can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?, I still don't get locking. I just -want to increment the number in the file. How can I do this?, How do I -randomly update a binary file?, How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?, -How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?, How do I print to more than one -file at once?, How can I read in an entire file all at once?, How can I -read in a file by paragraphs?, How can I read a single character from a -file? From the keyboard?, How can I tell whether there's a character -waiting on a filehandle?, How do I do a C in perl?, How do I dup() -a filehandle in Perl?, How do I close a file descriptor by number?, Why -can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't `C:\temp\foo.exe` -work?, Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?, Why does Perl let me -delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber protected files? Isn't -this a bug in Perl?, How do I select a random line from a file?, Why do I -get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?, L: Regexps, How -can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible and -unmaintainable code?, I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. -What's wrong?, How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are -themselves on different lines?, I put a regular expression into $/ but it -didn't work. What's wrong?, How do I substitute case insensitively on the -LHS, but preserving case on the RHS?, How can I make C<\w> match national -character sets?, How can I match a locale-smart version of C?, -How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?, What is C really for?, -How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a file?, -Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?, What does it -mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?, How do I process -each word on each line?, How can I print out a word-frequency or -line-frequency summary?, How can I do approximate matching?, How do I -efficiently match many regular expressions at once?, Why don't -word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?, Why does using $&, $`, or -$' slow my program down?, What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?, Are -Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?, What's wrong with -using grep or map in a void context?, How can I match strings with -multibyte characters?, How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the -user?, L: General Perl Language Issues, Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE -for the Perl language?, What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how -do I know when to use them?, Do I always/never have to quote my strings or -use semicolons and commas?, How do I skip some return values?, How do I -temporarily block warnings?, What's an extension?, Why do Perl operators -have different precedence than C operators?, How do I declare/create a -structure?, How do I create a module?, How do I create a class?, How can I -tell if a variable is tainted?, What's a closure?, What is variable suicide -and how can I prevent it?, How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, -Array, Hash, Method, Regex}?, How do I create a static variable?, What's -the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? Between -local() and my()?, How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly -named lexical is in scope?, What's the difference between deep and shallow -binding?, Why doesn't "my($foo) = ;" work right?, How do I redefine a -builtin function, operator, or method?, What's the difference between -calling a function as &foo and foo()?, How do I create a switch or case -statement?, How can I catch accesses to undefined -variables/functions/methods?, Why can't a method included in this same file -be found?, How can I find out my current package?, How can I comment out a -large block of perl code?, How do I clear a package?, How can I use a -variable as a variable name?, L: System Interaction, How do I -find out which operating system I'm running under?, How come exec() doesn't -return?, How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?, How do I -print something out in color?, How do I read just one key without waiting -for a return key?, How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?, -How do I clear the screen?, How do I get the screen size?, How do I ask the -user for a password?, How do I read and write the serial port?, How do I -decode encrypted password files?, How do I start a process in the -background?, How do I trap control characters/signals?, How do I modify the -shadow password file on a Unix system?, How do I set the time and date?, -How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?, How can I measure time -under a second?, How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception -handling), Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? -What does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?, How can I call -my system's unique C functions from Perl?, Where do I get the include files -to do ioctl() or syscall()?, Why do setuid perl scripts complain about -kernel problems?, How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?, Why -can't I get the output of a command with system()?, How can I capture -STDERR from an external command?, Why doesn't open() return an error when a -pipe open fails?, What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?, How -can I call backticks without shell processing?, Why can't my script read -from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, ^Z on MS-DOS)?, How can I -convert my shell script to perl?, Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp -session?, How can I write expect in Perl?, Is there a way to hide perl's -command line from programs such as "ps"?, I {changed directory, modified my -environment} in a perl script. How come the change disappeared when I -exited the script? How do I get my changes to be visible?, How do I close -a process's filehandle without waiting for it to complete?, How do I fork a -daemon process?, How do I make my program run with sh and csh?, How do I -find out if I'm running interactively or not?, How do I timeout a slow -event?, How do I set CPU limits?, How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?, -How do I use an SQL database?, How do I make a system() exit on control-C?, -How do I open a file without blocking?, How do I install a module from -CPAN?, What's the difference between require and use?, How do I keep my own -module/library directory?, How do I add the directory my program lives in -to the module/library search path?, How do I add a directory to my include -path at runtime?, What is socket.ph and where do I get it?, L: -Networking, My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. -(500 Server Error), How can I get better error messages from a CGI -program?, How do I remove HTML from a string?, How do I extract URLs?, How -do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a file on -another machine?, How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?, How do I fetch an -HTML file?, How do I automate an HTML form submission?, How do I decode or -create those %-encodings on the web?, How do I redirect to another page?, -How do I put a password on my web pages?, How do I edit my .htpasswd and -.htgroup files with Perl?, How do I make sure users can't enter values into -a form that cause my CGI script to do bad things?, How do I parse a mail -header?, How do I decode a CGI form?, How do I check a valid mail address?, -How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?, How do I return the user's mail -address?, How do I send mail?, How do I read mail?, How do I find out my -hostname/domainname/IP address?, How do I fetch a news article or the -active newsgroups?, How do I fetch/put an FTP file?, How can I do RPC in -Perl? - -=over - -=item Where to get this document - -=item How to contribute to this document - -=item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the -authors - -=back - -=item Credits - -=item Author and Copyright Information - -=over - -=item Bundled Distributions +=over 4 -=item Disclaimer +=item DESCRIPTION -=back +=over 4 -=item Changes +=item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ. -23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98, 24/April/97, 23/April/97, -25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version, Initial Release: 11/March/97 +=item L: General Questions About Perl -=back +=item L: Obtaining and Learning about Perl -=head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $, $Date: -1999/05/23 16:08:30 $) +=item L: Programming Tools -=over +=item L: Data Manipulation -=item DESCRIPTION +=item L: Files and Formats -=over +=item L: Regexps -=item What is Perl? +=item L: General Perl Language Issues -=item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free? +=item L: System Interaction -=item Which version of Perl should I use? +=item L: Networking -=item What are perl4 and perl5? +=back -=item What is perl6? +=item About the perlfaq documents -=item How stable is Perl? +=over 4 -=item Is Perl difficult to learn? +=item Where to get the perlfaq -=item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, -Scheme, or Tcl? +=item How to contribute to the perlfaq -=item Can I do [task] in Perl? +=item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the +authors -=item When shouldn't I program in Perl? +=back -=item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"? +=item Credits -=item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script? +=item Author and Copyright Information -=item What is a JAPH? +=over 4 -=item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms? +=item Bundled Distributions -=item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version -(5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language)? +=item Disclaimer =back -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item Changes + +1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98, +24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version, +Initial Release: 11/March/97 =back -=head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.32 $, -$Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09 $) +=head2 perlbook - Perl book information -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over - -=item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it? - -=item How can I get a binary version of Perl? - -=item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl? - -=item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts -don't work. - -=item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic -loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work? +=back -=item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN? -What does CPAN/src/... mean? +=head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax -=item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl? +=over 4 -=item Where can I get information on Perl? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions? +=over 4 -=item Where should I post source code? +=item Declarations -=item Perl Books +=item Simple statements -References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics +=item Compound statements -=item Perl in Magazines +=item Loop Control -=item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access +=item For Loops -=item What mailing lists are there for Perl? +=item Foreach Loops -=item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc +=item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements -=item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl? +=item Goto -=item Where do I send bug reports? +=item PODs: Embedded Documentation -=item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? +=item Plain Old Comments (Not!) =back -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT - =back -=head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 -16:08:30 $) +=head2 perldata - Perl data types -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 -=item How do I do (anything)? +=item Variable names -=item How can I use Perl interactively? +=item Context -=item Is there a Perl shell? +=item Scalar values -=item How do I debug my Perl programs? +=item Scalar value constructors -=item How do I profile my Perl programs? +=item List value constructors -=item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs? +=item Slices -=item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl? +=item Typeglobs and Filehandles -=item Is there a ctags for Perl? +=back -=item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor? +=item SEE ALSO -=item Where can I get Perl macros for vi? +=back -=item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs? +=head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence -=item How can I use curses with Perl? +=over 4 -=item How can I use X or Tk with Perl? +=item SYNOPSIS -=item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item What is undump? +=over 4 -=item How can I make my Perl program run faster? +=item Terms and List Operators (Leftward) -=item How can I make my Perl program take less memory? +=item The Arrow Operator -=item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data? +=item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement -=item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks? +=item Exponentiation -=item How can I make my CGI script more efficient? +=item Symbolic Unary Operators -=item How can I hide the source for my Perl program? +=item Binding Operators -=item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C? +=item Multiplicative Operators -=item How can I compile Perl into Java? +=item Additive Operators -=item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]? +=item Shift Operators -=item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line? +=item Named Unary Operators -=item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system? +=item Relational Operators -=item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl? +=item Equality Operators -=item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming? +=item Bitwise And -=item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp] +=item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or -=item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in -my C program, what am I doing wrong? +=item C-style Logical And -=item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it -mean? +=item C-style Logical Or -=item What's MakeMaker? +=item Range Operators -=back +=item Conditional Operator -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item Assignment Operators -=back +=item Comma Operator -=head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 -20:37:49 $) +=item List Operators (Rightward) -=over +=item Logical Not -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Logical And -=item Data: Numbers +=item Logical or and Exclusive Or -=over +=item C Operators Missing From Perl -=item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the -numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)? +unary &, unary *, (TYPE) -=item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly? +=item Quote and Quote-like Operators -=item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()? -Trig functions? +=item Regexp Quote-Like Operators -=item How do I convert bits into ints? +?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>, +qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qw/STRING/, qu/STRING/, qx/STRING/, +`STRING`, s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, +y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds -=item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to? +=item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs -=item How do I multiply matrices? +Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation, +C<<<'EOF'>, C, C, C, C, C<''>, C, C<"">, +C<``>, C, C, C<< >>, C, C, C, +C,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of +regular expressions -=item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers? +=item I/O Operators -=item How can I output Roman numerals? +=item Constant Folding -=item Why aren't my random numbers random? +=item Bitwise String Operators -=back +=item Integer Arithmetic -=item Data: Dates +=item Floating-point Arithmetic -=over +=item Bigger Numbers -=item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year? +=back -=item How do I find the current century or millennium? +=back -=item How can I compare two dates and find the difference? +=head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines -=item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds? +=over 4 -=item How can I find the Julian Day? +=item SYNOPSIS -=item How do I find yesterday's date? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant? +=over 4 -=back +=item Private Variables via my() -=item Data: Strings +=item Persistent Private Variables -=over +=item Temporary Values via local() -=item How do I validate input? +=item Lvalue subroutines -=item How do I unescape a string? +=item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs) -=item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters? +=item When to Still Use local() -=item How do I expand function calls in a string? +=item Pass by Reference -=item How do I find matching/nesting anything? +=item Prototypes -=item How do I reverse a string? +=item Constant Functions -=item How do I expand tabs in a string? +=item Overriding Built-in Functions -=item How do I reformat a paragraph? +=item Autoloading -=item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string? +=item Subroutine Attributes -=item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something? +=back -=item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a -string? +=item SEE ALSO -=item How do I capitalize all the words on one line? +=back -=item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside -[character]? (Comma-separated files) +=head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions -=item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string? +=over 4 -=item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item How do I extract selected columns from a string? +=over 4 -=item How do I find the soundex value of a string? +=item Perl Functions by Category -=item How can I expand variables in text strings? +Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching, +Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data, +Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed +length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories, +Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related +to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process +groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and +object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess +communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network +info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted +in perl5 -=item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"? +=item Portability -=item Why don't my < FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept +NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, +binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, +bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, +chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, +chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE, +connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, +dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete +EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump, +each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, +exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl +FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, +fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, +getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam +NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname +NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr +ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, +getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, +getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent +STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, +endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, +getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, +goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, +import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl +FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, +last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, +link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, +lock, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, +mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, +msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR : +ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open +FILEHANDLE,MODE,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir +DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package +NAMESPACE, package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos +SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE +FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, +q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qu/STRING/, qw/STRING/, qx/STRING/, +quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read +FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir +DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv +SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename +OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset, +return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex +STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar +EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select +FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl +ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send +SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority +WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY, +shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, +shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep +EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair +SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST, +sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, +splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split +/PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, +sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, +study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr +EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr +EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen +FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread +FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek +FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite +FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, +syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie +VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate +FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, +ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack +TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST, +use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST, +values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn +LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y/// =back -=item Data: Arrays +=back -=over +=head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references -=item What is the difference between a list and an array? +=over 4 -=item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array? +=item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures? -a) If @in is sorted, and you want @out to be sorted: (this assumes all true -values in the array), b) If you don't know whether @in is sorted:, c) Like -(b), but @in contains only small integers:, d) A way to do (b) without any -loops or greps:, e) Like (d), but @in contains only small positive -integers: +=item The Solution -=item How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain element? +=item Syntax -=item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the -intersection of two arrays? +=over 4 -=item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal? +=item Making References -=item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true? +=item Using References -=item How do I handle linked lists? +=back -=item How do I handle circular lists? +=item An Example -=item How do I shuffle an array randomly? +=item Arrow Rule -=item How do I process/modify each element of an array? +=item Solution -=item How do I select a random element from an array? +=item The Rest -=item How do I permute N elements of a list? +=item Summary -=item How do I sort an array by (anything)? +=item Credits -=item How do I manipulate arrays of bits? +=over 4 -=item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes? +=item Distribution Conditions =back -=item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays) - -=over +=back -=item How do I process an entire hash? +=head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook -=item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over -it? +=over 4 -=item How do I look up a hash element by value? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item How can I know how many entries are in a hash? +arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes, +more elaborate constructs -=item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)? +=item REFERENCES -=item How can I always keep my hash sorted? +=item COMMON MISTAKES -=item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes? +=item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE -=item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction? +=item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C -=item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through? +=item DEBUGGING -=item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes? +=item CODE EXAMPLES -=item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file? +=item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS -=item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it? +=over 4 -=item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create -it? +=item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS -=item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or -array of hashes or arrays? +=item Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS -=item How can I use a reference as a hash key? +=item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS =back -=item Data: Misc +=item HASHES OF ARRAYS -=over +=over 4 -=item How do I handle binary data correctly? +=item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS -=item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float? +=item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS -=item How do I keep persistent data across program calls? +=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS -=item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure? +=back -=item How do I define methods for every class/object? +=item ARRAYS OF HASHES -=item How do I verify a credit card checksum? +=over 4 -=item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code? +=item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES -=back +=item Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES =back -=head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 -16:08:30 $) - -=over - -=item DESCRIPTION - -=over +=item HASHES OF HASHES -=item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this? +=over 4 -=item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a -line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file? +=item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES -=item How do I count the number of lines in a file? +=item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES -=item How do I make a temporary file name? +=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES -=item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files? +=back -=item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass -filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles? +=item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS -=item How can I use a filehandle indirectly? +=over 4 -=item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()? +=item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS -=item How can I write() into a string? +=item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS -=item How can I output my numbers with commas added? +=item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS -=item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename? +=back -=item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out? +=item Database Ties -=item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>? +=item SEE ALSO -=item Is there a leak/bug in glob()? +=item AUTHOR -=item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks? +=back -=item How can I reliably rename a file? +=head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start -=item How can I lock a file? +=over 4 -=item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in -the file. How can I do this? +=item The Guide -=item How do I randomly update a binary file? +=over 4 -=item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl? +=item Simple word matching -=item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl? +=item Using character classes -=item How do I print to more than one file at once? +=item Matching this or that -=item How can I read in an entire file all at once? +=item Grouping things and hierarchical matching -=item How can I read in a file by paragraphs? +=item Extracting matches -=item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard? +=item Matching repetitions -=item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle? +=item More matching -=item How do I do a C in perl? +=item Search and replace -=item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl? +=item The split operator -=item How do I close a file descriptor by number? +=back -=item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't -`C:\temp\foo.exe` work? +=item BUGS -=item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files? +=item SEE ALSO -=item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber -protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl? +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=item How do I select a random line from a file? +=over 4 -=item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines? +=item Acknowledgments =back -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT - =back -=head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $) +=head2 perlpod - plain old documentation -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 -=item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible -and unmaintainable code? +=item Verbatim Paragraph -Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters +=item Command Paragraph -=item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong? +=item Ordinary Block of Text -=item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on -different lines? +=item The Intent -=item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong? +=item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules -=item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS, but preserving -case on the RHS? +=item Common Pod Pitfalls -=item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets? +=back -=item How can I match a locale-smart version of C? +=item SEE ALSO -=item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex? +=item AUTHOR -=item What is C really for? +=back -=item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a -file? +=head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide -=item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text? +=over 4 -=item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item How do I process each word on each line? +=back -=item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary? +=head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary -=item How can I do approximate matching? +=over 4 -=item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me? +=over 4 -=item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down? +=item Awk Traps -=item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression? +=item C Traps -=item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant? +=item Sed Traps -=item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context? +=item Shell Traps -=item How can I match strings with multibyte characters? +=item Perl Traps -=item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user? +=item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps -=back +Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical +Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts, +Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc, +Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps -=back +Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, +Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, +Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance -=head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date: -1999/05/23 20:36:18 $) +=item Parsing Traps -=over +Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Numerical Traps -=over +Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops -=item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language? +=item General data type traps -=item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to -use them? +(Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String), +(Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide) -=item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and -commas? +=item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts -=item How do I skip some return values? +(list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin) -=item How do I temporarily block warnings? +=item Precedence Traps -=item What's an extension? +Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, +Precedence -=item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators? +=item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc. -=item How do I declare/create a structure? +Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular +Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, +Regular Expression -=item How do I create a module? +=item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps -=item How do I create a class? +(Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle -=item How can I tell if a variable is tainted? +=item OS Traps -=item What's a closure? +(SysV), (SysV) -=item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it? +=item Interpolation Traps -=item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method, -Regex}? +Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, +Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation -Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes, -Passing Methods +=item DBM Traps -=item How do I create a static variable? +DBM, DBM -=item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? -Between local() and my()? +=item Unclassified Traps -=item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical -is in scope? +C/C trap using returned value, C on empty string with +LIMIT specified -=item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding? +=back -=item Why doesn't "my($foo) = ;" work right? +=back -=item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method? +=head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter -=item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()? +=over 4 -=item How do I create a switch or case statement? +=item SYNOPSIS -=item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Why can't a method included in this same file be found? +=over 4 -=item How can I find out my current package? +=item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems -=item How can I comment out a large block of perl code? +OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS -=item How do I clear a package? +=item Location of Perl -=item How can I use a variable as a variable name? +=item Command Switches + +B<-0>[I], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I, +B<-D>I, B<-D>I, B<-e> I, B<-F>I, +B<-h>, B<-i>[I], B<-I>I, B<-l>[I], +B<-m>[B<->]I, B<-M>[B<->]I, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>, +B<-[mM]>[B<->]I, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>, +B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>, +B<-x> I =back -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item ENVIRONMENT + +HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL +(specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, +PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port) =back -=head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.39 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 -18:37:57 $) +=head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over - -=item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under? +=back -=item How come exec() doesn't return? +=head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings -=item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse? +=over 4 -Keyboard, Screen, Mouse +=item DESCRIPTION -=item How do I print something out in color? +=over 4 -=item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key? +=item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings -=item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard? +=item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W> -=item How do I clear the screen? +=item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line -=item How do I get the screen size? +B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X> -=item How do I ask the user for a password? +=item Backward Compatibility -=item How do I read and write the serial port? +=item Category Hierarchy -lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input +=item Fatal Warnings -=item How do I decode encrypted password files? +=item Reporting Warnings from a Module -=item How do I start a process in the background? +=back -STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies +=item TODO -=item How do I trap control characters/signals? +=item SEE ALSO -=item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system? +=item AUTHOR -=item How do I set the time and date? +=back -=item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second? +=head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial -=item How can I measure time under a second? +=over 4 -=item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling) +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What -does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean? +=item use strict -=item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl? +=item Looking at data and -w and w -=item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()? +=item help -=item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems? +=item Stepping through code -=item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command? +=item Placeholder for a, w, t, T -=item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()? +=item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS -=item How can I capture STDERR from an external command? +=item OUTPUT TIPS -=item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails? +=item CGI -=item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context? +=item GUIs -=item How can I call backticks without shell processing? +=item SUMMARY -=item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, -^Z on MS-DOS)? +=item SEE ALSO -=item How can I convert my shell script to perl? +=item AUTHOR -=item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session? +=item CONTRIBUTORS -=item How can I write expect in Perl? +=back -=item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as -"ps"? +=head2 perldebug - Perl debugging -=item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How -come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my -changes to be visible? +=over 4 -Unix +=item DESCRIPTION -=item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to -complete? +=item The Perl Debugger -=item How do I fork a daemon process? +=over 4 -=item How do I make my program run with sh and csh? +=item Debugger Commands -=item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not? +h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n +[expr], r, , c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, +-, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr, +b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname +[condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line] +command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O +option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >> +command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! +cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man [manpage] -=item How do I timeout a slow event? +=item Configurable Options -=item How do I set CPU limits? +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C -=item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system? +=item Debugger input/output -=item How do I use an SQL database? +Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame +listing -=item How do I make a system() exit on control-C? +=item Debugging compile-time statements -=item How do I open a file without blocking? +=item Debugger Customization -=item How do I install a module from CPAN? +=item Readline Support -=item What's the difference between require and use? +=item Editor Support for Debugging -=item How do I keep my own module/library directory? +=item The Perl Profiler -=item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library -search path? +=back -=item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime? +=item Debugging regular expressions -=item What is socket.ph and where do I get it? +=item Debugging memory usage -=back +=item SEE ALSO -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item BUGS =back -=head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.26 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 -$) +=head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over - -=item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500 -Server Error) - -=item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program? - -=item How do I remove HTML from a string? - -=item How do I extract URLs? - -=item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a -file on another machine? - -=item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML? - -=item How do I fetch an HTML file? +=over 4 -=item How do I automate an HTML form submission? +=item Predefined Names -=item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web? - -=item How do I redirect to another page? - -=item How do I put a password on my web pages? - -=item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl? +$ARG, $_, $>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $', +$LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, +input_line_number HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, +input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, +autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE +EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE +EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", +$SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE +EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR, +$FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR, +$FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, @-, C<$`> is the same as +C, C<$&> is the same as C, C<$'> is the same as C, C<$1> is the same +as C, C<$2> is the same as +C, C<$3> is the same as C, format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~, +format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^, +format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, +$:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, +$CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, +$EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, +$EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, +$EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, +$DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, +$OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, +0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, +$BASETIME, $^T, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, +${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC, +%ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr} -=item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my -CGI script to do bad things? +=item Error Indicators -=item How do I parse a mail header? +=item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names -=item How do I decode a CGI form? +=back -=item How do I check a valid mail address? +=item BUGS -=item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string? +=back -=item How do I return the user's mail address? +=head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl -=item How do I send mail? +=over 4 -=item How do I read mail? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address? +=item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays -=item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups? +=item Growing Your Own -=item How do I fetch/put an FTP file? +=item Access and Printing -=item How can I do RPC in Perl? +=item Slices -=back +=item SEE ALSO -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item AUTHOR =back -=head2 perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0 +=head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=item Core Enhancements - -=over +=item Open E la shell -=item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency +=over 4 -=item Lexically scoped warning categories +=item Simple Opens -=item Unicode and UTF-8 support +=item Pipe Opens -=item Support for interpolating named characters +=item The Minus File -=item "our" declarations +=item Mixing Reads and Writes -=item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals +=item Filters -=item Improved Perl version numbering system +=back -=item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes +=item Open E la C -=item File and directory handles can be autovivified +=over 4 -=item open() with more than two arguments +=item Permissions E la mode -=item 64-bit support +=back -=item Large file support +=item Obscure Open Tricks -=item Long doubles +=over 4 -=item "more bits" +=item Re-Opening Files (dups) -=item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines +=item Dispelling the Dweomer -=item C allowed +=item Paths as Opens -=item File globbing implemented internally +=item Single Argument Open -Support for CHECK blocks +=item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT -=item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported +=back -Better pseudo-random number generator +=item Other I/O Issues -=item Improved C operator +=over 4 -Better worst-case behavior of hashes +=item Opening Non-File Files -=item pack() format 'Z' supported +=item Binary Files -=item pack() format modifier '!' supported +=item File Locking -=item pack() and unpack() support counted strings +=back -=item Comments in pack() templates +=item SEE ALSO -=item Weak references +=item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT -=item Binary numbers supported +=item HISTORY -=item Lvalue subroutines +=back -=item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references +=head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial -=item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues +=over 4 -=item exists() is supported on subroutine names +=item DESCRIPTION -=item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements +=item Part 1: The basics -=item Pseudo-hashes work better +=over 4 -=item Automatic flushing of output buffers +=item Simple word matching -=item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations +=item Using character classes -=item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle +=item Matching this or that -=item eof() has the same old magic as <> +=item Grouping things and hierarchical matching -=item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes +=item Extracting matches -=item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text" +=item Matching repetitions -=item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure +=item Building a regexp -=item Improved diagnostics +=item Using regular expressions in Perl -=item Diagnostics follow STDERR +=back -More consistent close-on-exec behavior +=item Part 2: Power tools -=item syswrite() ease-of-use +=over 4 -=item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators +=item More on characters, strings, and character classes -=item Bit operators support full native integer width +=item Compiling and saving regular expressions -=item Improved security features +=item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression -More functional bareword prototype (*) +=item Non-capturing groupings -=item C and C may be overridden +=item Looking ahead and looking behind -=item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character +=item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking -=item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch +=item Conditional expressions -=item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string +=item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression -=item Optional Y2K warnings +=item Pragmas and debugging =back -=item Modules and Pragmata +=item BUGS -=over +=item SEE ALSO -=item Modules +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper, -DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English, -Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec, -File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt, -Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker, -podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage, -pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname, -Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters +=over 4 -=item Pragmata +=item Acknowledgments =back -=item Utility Changes +=back -=over +=head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions -=item dprofpp +=over 4 -=item find2perl +=item DESCRIPTION -=item h2xs +i, m, s, x -=item perlcc +=over 4 -=item perldoc +=item Regular Expressions -=item The Perl Debugger +cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit -=back +=item Extended Patterns -=item Improved Documentation +C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>, +C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?, C<(?{ +code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>, +C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)> -perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod, -perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod, -perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod, -perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod +=item Backtracking -=item Performance enhancements +=item Version 8 Regular Expressions -=over +=item Warning on \1 vs $1 -=item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized +=item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring -=item Optimized assignments to lexical variables +=item Combining pieces together -=item Faster subroutine calls +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>, +C<(?!S)>, C<(?, C<(??{ EXPR })>, +C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)> -delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster +=item Creating custom RE engines =back -=item Installation and Configuration Improvements +=item BUGS -=over +=item SEE ALSO -=item -Dusethreads means something different +=back -=item New Configure flags +=head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures -=item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring +=over 4 -=item Long Doubles +=item NOTE -=item -Dusemorebits +=item DESCRIPTION -=item -Duselargefiles +=over 4 -=item installusrbinperl +=item Making References -=item SOCKS support +=item Using References -=item C<-A> flag +=item Symbolic references -=item Enhanced Installation Directories +=item Not-so-symbolic references + +=item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash + +=item Function Templates =back -=item Platform specific changes +=item WARNING -=over +=item SEE ALSO -=item Supported platforms +=back -=item DOS +=head2 perlform - Perl formats -=item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS) +=over 4 -=item VMS +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Win32 +=over 4 + +=item Format Variables =back -=item Significant bug fixes +=item NOTES -=over +=over 4 -=item on empty files +=item Footers -=item C improvements +=item Accessing Formatting Internals -=item All compilation errors are true errors +=back -=item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer +=item WARNINGS -=item Behavior of list slices is more consistent +=back -=item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}> +=head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial -=item C and AUTOLOAD +=over 4 -=item C<-bareword> allowed under C +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Failures in DESTROY() +=over 4 -=item Locale bugs fixed +=item If we could talk to the animals... -=item Memory leaks +=item Introducing the method invocation arrow -=item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls +=item Invoking a barnyard -=item Taint failures under C<-U> +=item The extra parameter of method invocation -=item END blocks and the C<-c> switch +=item Calling a second method to simplify things -=item Potential to leak DATA filehandles +=item Inheriting the windpipes -=back +=item A few notes about @ISA -=item New or Changed Diagnostics +=item Overriding the methods -(perhaps you forgot to load "%s"?), "%s" variable %s masks earlier -declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet implemented, "our" variable %s -redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s, / cannot take a count, / must -be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow -a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, /%s/: -Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class passed through, /%s/ should -probably be written as "%s", %s() called too early to check prototype, %s -argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY -element or slice, %s argument is not a subroutine name, %s package -attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> -should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled substitution pattern, -Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional, Binary number > -0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector size > 32 -non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check filesystem -of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s", Can't -declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default, Can't -modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't remove -%s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't weaken -a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class syntax [%s] -belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference, -constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated, -defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean -"local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective -%s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for -output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires -explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable, -Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: -|%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal -number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute: -%s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid -separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in -subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs -returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing -%sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub", -No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our", -No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time -is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref, -panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing -around "%s" list, Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use -"sub NAME : ATTRS" instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count -in pack overflows, Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed -memory ignored, Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, -Strange *+?{} on zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not -implemented, This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl -can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown -open() mode '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, -Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter -in attribute list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute -parameter in subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute -list, Value of CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant -number +=item Starting the search from a different place -=item New tests +=item The SUPER way of doing things -=item Incompatible Changes +=item Where we're at so far... -=over +=item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it? -=item Perl Source Incompatibilities +=item Invoking an instance method -CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed +=item Accessing the instance data -=item Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different +=item How to build a horse -Literals of the form C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed -pseudo-random number generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, -C fails on read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe -and socket handles, Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, -delete(), values() and C<\(%h)> operate on aliases to values, not copies, -vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS, Text of some diagnostic -output has changed, C<%@> has been removed, Parenthesized not() behaves -like a list operator, Semantics of bareword prototype C<(*)> have changed +=item Inheriting the constructor -=item Semantics of bit operators may have changed on 64-bit platforms +=item Making a method work with either classes or instances -=item More builtins taint their results +=item Adding parameters to a method -=item C Source Incompatibilities +=item More interesting instances -C, C, C +=item A horse of a different color -=item Compatible C Source API Changes +=item Summary -C is now C +=back -=item Binary Incompatibilities +=item SEE ALSO -=back +=item COPYRIGHT -=item Known Problems +=back -=over +=head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl -=item Thread test failures +=over 4 -=item EBCDIC platforms not supported +=item DESCRIPTION -=item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang +=item Creating a Class -=item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure +=over 4 -=item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with -gcc +=item Object Representation -=item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run +=item Class Interface -=item Arrow operator and arrays +=item Constructors and Instance Methods -=item Windows 2000 +=item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors -=item Experimental features +=item Destructors -Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The -pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file -globbing, The DB module, The regular expression constructs C<(?{ code })> -and C<(??{ code })> +=item Other Object Methods =back -=item Obsolete Diagnostics +=item Class Data -Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed -logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, Probable precedence problem on %s, -regexp too big, Use of "$$" to mean "${$}" is deprecated +=over 4 -=item Reporting Bugs +=item Accessing Class Data -=item SEE ALSO +=item Debugging Methods -=item HISTORY +=item Class Destructors + +=item Documenting the Interface =back -=head2 perldata - Perl data types +=item Aggregation -=over +=item Inheritance -=item DESCRIPTION +=over 4 -=over +=item Overridden Methods -=item Variable names +=item Multiple Inheritance -=item Context +=item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects -=item Scalar values +=back -=item Scalar value constructors +=item Alternate Object Representations -=item List value constructors +=over 4 -=item Slices +=item Arrays as Objects -=item Typeglobs and Filehandles +=item Closures as Objects =back -=item SEE ALSO +=item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods + +=over 4 + +=item Autoloaded Data Methods + +=item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods =back -=head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax +=item Metaclassical Tools -=over +=over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Class::Struct -=over +=item Data Members as Variables -=item Declarations +=back -=item Simple statements +=item NOTES -=item Compound statements +=over 4 -=item Loop Control +=item Object Terminology -=item For Loops +=back -=item Foreach Loops +=item SEE ALSO -=item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=item Goto +=item COPYRIGHT -=item PODs: Embedded Documentation +=over 4 -=item Plain Old Comments (Not!) +=item Acknowledgments =back =back -=head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence - -=over +=head2 perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl -=item SYNOPSIS +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=item Class Data in a Can -=item Terms and List Operators (Leftward) +=item Class Data as Package Variables -=item The Arrow Operator +=over 4 -=item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement +=item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket -=item Exponentiation +=item Inheritance Concerns -=item Symbolic Unary Operators +=item The Eponymous Meta-Object -=item Binding Operators +=item Indirect References to Class Data -=item Multiplicative Operators +=item Monadic Classes -=item Additive Operators +=item Translucent Attributes -=item Shift Operators +=back -=item Named Unary Operators +=item Class Data as Lexical Variables -=item Relational Operators +=over 4 -=item Equality Operators +=item Privacy and Responsibility -=item Bitwise And +=item File-Scoped Lexicals -=item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or +=item More Inheritance Concerns -=item C-style Logical And +=item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key -=item C-style Logical Or +=item Translucency Revisited -=item Range Operators +=back -=item Conditional Operator +=item NOTES -=item Assignment Operators +=item SEE ALSO -=item Comma Operator +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=item List Operators (Rightward) +=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -=item Logical Not +=item HISTORY -=item Logical And +=back -=item Logical or and Exclusive Or +=head2 perlobj - Perl objects -=item C Operators Missing From Perl +=over 4 -unary &, unary *, (TYPE) +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Quote and Quote-like Operators +=over 4 -=item Regexp Quote-Like Operators +=item An Object is Simply a Reference -?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>, -qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/, -s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, -y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds +=item A Class is Simply a Package -=item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs +=item A Method is Simply a Subroutine -Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation, -C<<<'EOF'>, C, C, C, C, C<''>, C, C<"">, -C<``>, C, C, C<< >>, C, C, C, -C,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of -regular expressions +=item Method Invocation -=item I/O Operators +=item WARNING -=item Constant Folding +=item Default UNIVERSAL methods -=item Bitwise String Operators +isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ) -=item Integer Arithmetic +=item Destructors -=item Floating-point Arithmetic +=item Summary -=item Bigger Numbers +=item Two-Phased Garbage Collection =back +=item SEE ALSO + =back -=head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions +=head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT) -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -i, m, s, x - -=over - -=item Regular Expressions - -cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit - -=item Extended Patterns - -C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>, -C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?, C<(?{ -code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>, -C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)> +=item OO SCALING TIPS -=item Backtracking +=item INSTANCE VARIABLES -=item Version 8 Regular Expressions +=item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES -=item Warning on \1 vs $1 +=item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE -=item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring +=item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS -=item Combining pieces together +=item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>, -C<(?!S)>, C<(?, C<(??{ EXPR })>, -C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)> +=item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM -=item Creating custom RE engines +=item THINKING OF CODE REUSE -=back +=item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT -=item BUGS +=item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR -=item SEE ALSO +=item DELEGATION =back -=head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter +=head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 -=item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems +=item Tying Scalars -OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS +TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this, +DESTROY this -=item Location of Perl +=item Tying Arrays -=item Command Switches +TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value, +FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this, +key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this, +UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY +this -B<-0>[I], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I, -B<-D>I, B<-D>I, B<-e> I, B<-F>I, -B<-h>, B<-i>[I], B<-I>I, B<-l>[I], -B<-m>[B<->]I, B<-M>[B<->]I, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>, -B<-[mM]>[B<->]I, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>, -B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>, -B<-x> I +=item Tying Hashes -=back +USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE +this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY +this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this -=item ENVIRONMENT +=item Tying FileHandles -HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL -(specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, -PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port) +TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, +LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this, +DESTROY this + +=item UNTIE this + +=item The C Gotcha =back -=head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions +=item SEE ALSO + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR -=over +=back + +=head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, +safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores) + +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=item Signals -=item Perl Functions by Category +=item Named Pipes -Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching, -Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data, -Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed -length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories, -Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related -to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process -groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and -object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess -communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network -info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted -in perl5 +=over 4 -=item Portability +=item WARNING -=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions +=back -I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept -NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, -binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, -bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, -chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, -chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE, -connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, -dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete -EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump, -each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, -exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl -FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, -fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, -getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam -NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname -NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr -ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, -getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, -getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent -STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, -endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, -getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, -goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, -import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl -FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, -last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, -link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, -lock, log EXPR, log, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK -LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl -ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd -ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module -LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open -FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, pack -TEMPLATE,LIST, package, package NAMESPACE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop -ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, -printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, -push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, -quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read -FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir -DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv -SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename -OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset, -return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex -STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar -EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select -FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl -ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send -SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority -WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY, -shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, -shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep -EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair -SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST, -sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, -splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split -/PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, -sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, -study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr -EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr -EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen -FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread -FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek -FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite -FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, -syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie -VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate -FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, -ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack -TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST, -use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST, -values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn -LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y/// +=item Using open() for IPC + +=over 4 + +=item Filehandles + +=item Background Processes + +=item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent + +=item Safe Pipe Opens + +=item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process + +=item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself =back +=item Sockets: Client/Server Communication + +=over 4 + +=item Internet Line Terminators + +=item Internet TCP Clients and Servers + +=item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers + =back -=head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables +=item TCP Clients with IO::Socket + +=over 4 + +=item A Simple Client -=over +C, C, C + +=item A Webget Client + +=item Interactive Client with IO::Socket + +=back + +=item TCP Servers with IO::Socket + +Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse + +=item UDP: Message Passing + +=item SysV IPC + +=item NOTES + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 -=item Predefined Names +=item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes -$ARG, $_, $>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $', -$LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, -input_line_number HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, -input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, -autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE -EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE -EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", -$SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE -EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR, -$FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR, -$FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, @-, C<$`> is the same as -C, C<$&> is the same as C, C<$'> is the same as C, C<$1> is the same -as C, C<$2> is the same as -C, C<$3> is the same as C, format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~, -format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^, -format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, -$:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, -$CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, -$EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, -$EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, -$EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, -$DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, -$OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, -0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, -$BASETIME, $^T, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, -${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC, -%ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr} +$$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept +filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to +files, directories and network sockets -=item Error Indicators +=item Resource limits -=item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names +=item Killing the parent process + +=item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes + +=item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS + +BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented, +Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger +application, Thread-safety of extensions =back =item BUGS +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + =back -=head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines +=head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=item Storing numbers -=item Private Variables via my() +=item Numeric operators and numeric conversions -=item Persistent Private Variables +=item Flavors of Perl numeric operations -=item Temporary Values via local() +Arithmetic operators except, C, Arithmetic operators except, +C, Bitwise operators, C, Bitwise operators, C, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a +string -=item Lvalue subroutines +=item AUTHOR -=item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs) +=item SEE ALSO -=item When to Still Use local() +=back -1. You need to give a global variable a temporary value, especially $_, 2. -You need to create a local file or directory handle or a local function, 3. -You want to temporarily change just one element of an array or hash +=head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl -=item Pass by Reference +=over 4 -=item Prototypes +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Constant Functions +=item What Is A Thread Anyway? -=item Overriding Built-in Functions +=item Threaded Program Models -=item Autoloading +=over 4 -=item Subroutine Attributes +=item Boss/Worker + +=item Work Crew + +=item Pipeline =back -=item SEE ALSO +=item Native threads + +=item What kind of threads are perl threads? + +=item Threadsafe Modules + +=item Thread Basics + +=over 4 + +=item Basic Thread Support + +=item Creating Threads + +=item Giving up control + +=item Waiting For A Thread To Exit + +=item Errors In Threads + +=item Ignoring A Thread =back -=head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables) +=item Threads And Data -=over +=over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Shared And Unshared Data -=over +=item Thread Pitfall: Races -=item Packages +=item Controlling access: lock() -=item Symbol Tables +=item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks -=item Package Constructors and Destructors +=item Queues: Passing Data Around -=item Perl Classes +=back + +=item Threads And Code + +=over 4 + +=item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access + +Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores + +=item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines + +=item Subroutine Locks + +=item Methods + +=item Locking A Subroutine + +=back + +=item General Thread Utility Routines + +=over 4 + +=item What Thread Am I In? + +=item Thread IDs + +=item Are These Threads The Same? + +=item What Threads Are Running? + +=back + +=item A Complete Example + +=item Conclusion + +=item Bibliography + +=over 4 + +=item Introductory Texts + +=item OS-Related References + +=item Other References + +=back + +=item Acknowledgements + +=item AUTHOR + +=item Copyrights + +=back + +=head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I +portable + +=item ISSUES + +=over 4 + +=item Newlines + +=item Numbers endianness and Width + +=item Files and Filesystems + +=item System Interaction + +=item Interprocess Communication (IPC) + +=item External Subroutines (XS) + +=item Standard Modules + +=item Time and Date + +=item Character sets and character encoding + +=item Internationalisation + +=item System Resources + +=item Security + +=item Style + +=back + +=item CPAN Testers + +Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results: +http://testers.cpan.org/ + +=item PLATFORMS + +=over 4 + +=item Unix + +=item DOS and Derivatives + +Build instructions for OS/2, L + +=item S + +=item VMS + +=item VOS + +=item EBCDIC Platforms + +=item Acorn RISC OS + +=item Other perls + +=back + +=item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS + +=over 4 + +=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions + +-I FILEHANDLE, -I EXPR, -I, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode +FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt +PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec +LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, +getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, +getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr +ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, +getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, +setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, +setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, +endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, +ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, +lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, +msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, +open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, +select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget +KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP, +setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt +SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, +shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, socketpair +SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, +symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen +FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate +FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST, +wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS + +=back + +=item CHANGES + +v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999, +v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May +1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December +1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August +1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, +v1.23, 10 July 1998 + +=item Supported Platforms + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS + +=item VERSION + +=back + +=head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and +localization) + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES + +=item USING LOCALES + +=over 4 + +=item The use locale pragma + +=item The setlocale function + +=item Finding locales + +=item LOCALE PROBLEMS + +=item Temporarily fixing locale problems + +=item Permanently fixing locale problems + +=item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration + +=item Fixing system locale configuration + +=item The localeconv function + +=back + +=item LOCALE CATEGORIES + +=over 4 + +=item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation + +=item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types + +=item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting + +=item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts + +=item LC_TIME + +=item Other categories + +=back + +=item SECURITY + +=item ENVIRONMENT + +PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, +LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG + +=item NOTES + +=over 4 + +=item Backward compatibility + +=item I18N:Collate obsolete + +=item Sort speed and memory use impacts + +=item write() and LC_NUMERIC + +=item Freely available locale definitions + +=item I18n and l10n + +=item An imperfect standard + +=back + +=item BUGS + +=over 4 + +=item Broken systems + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item HISTORY + +=back + +=head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Important Caveat + +Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C still needed +to enable a few features + +=item Byte and Character semantics + +=item Effects of character semantics + +=item Character encodings for input and output + +=back + +=item CAVEATS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS + +=over 4 + +=item ASCII + +=item ISO 8859 + +=item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1) + +=item EBCDIC + +=item 13 variant characters + +=item 0037 + +=item 1047 + +=item POSIX-BC + +=back + +=item SINGLE OCTET TABLES + +recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4 + +=item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS + +=item CONVERSIONS + +=over 4 + +=item tr/// + +=item iconv + +=item C RTL + +=back + +=item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES + +=item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES + +chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack() + +=item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES + +=item SOCKETS + +=item SORTING + +=over 4 + +=item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences. + +=item MONO CASE then sort data. + +=item Convert, sort data, then re convert. + +=item Perform sorting on one type of machine only. + +=back + +=item TRANFORMATION FORMATS + +=over 4 + +=item URL decoding and encoding + +=item uu encoding and decoding + +=item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding + +=item Caesarian cyphers + +=back + +=item Hashing order and checksums + +=item I18N AND L10N + +=item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS + +=item OS ISSUES + +=over 4 + +=item OS/400 + +IFS access + +=item OS/390 + +chcp, dataset access, OS/390 iconv, locales + +=item VM/ESA? + +=item POSIX-BC? + +=back + +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item REFERENCES + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 perlsec - Perl security + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data + +=item Switches On the "#!" Line + +=item Cleaning Up Your Path + +=item Security Bugs + +=item Protecting Your Programs + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables) + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Packages + +=item Symbol Tables + +=item Package Constructors and Destructors + +=item Perl Classes + +=item Perl Modules + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY + +=over 4 + +=item Pragmatic Modules + +attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, +diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, locale, open, ops, overload, +perlio, re, sigtrap, strict, subs, utf8, vars, warnings, warnings::register + +=item Standard Modules + +AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, +B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, +B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, +ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, +CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, +Carp, Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, DirHandle, +Dumpvalue, Encode, English, Env, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, +ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, +ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, +ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32, +ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, +ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, +File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, +File::Find, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Epoc, +File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, +File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, +FileHandle, Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, +I18N::Collate, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, +Math::Complex, Math::Trig, NDBM_File, Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent, +Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, +Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseUtils, +Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, +Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, +SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, +Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, +Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Wrap, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, +Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, +Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, +User::pwent + +=item Extension Modules + +=back + +=item CPAN + +Africa, Asia, Australasia, Central America, Europe, North America, South +America + +=item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse + +=over 4 + +=item Guidelines for Module Creation + +Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new +module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select +what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?, +README and other Additional Files, A description of the +module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites +- what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to +Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release, +especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in +the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a +version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take +care when changing a released module + +=item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules + +There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications, +Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started, +Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from ' +to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes + +=item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code + +=back + +=item NOTE + +=back + +=head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item PREAMBLE + +B the file, B the file into a directory, B the +module (sometimes unnecessary), B the module + +=back + +=item PORTABILITY + +=item HEY + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Warning + +=item What should I make into a module? + +=item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground + +Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again + +=item Step-by-step: Making the module + +Start with F, Use L and L, Use +L, Use L - wisely!, Use L, Write tests, Write the README + +=item Step-by-step: Distributing your module + +Get a CPAN user ID, C, Upload the +tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs! + +=back + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $, $Date: +1999/05/23 16:08:30 $) + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item What is Perl? + +=item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free? + +=item Which version of Perl should I use? + +=item What are perl4 and perl5? + +=item What is perl6? + +=item How stable is Perl? + +=item Is Perl difficult to learn? + +=item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, +Scheme, or Tcl? + +=item Can I do [task] in Perl? + +=item When shouldn't I program in Perl? + +=item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"? + +=item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script? + +=item What is a JAPH? + +=item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms? + +=item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version +5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language? + +=back + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.32 $, +$Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09 $) + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it? + +=item How can I get a binary version of Perl? + +=item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl? + +=item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts +don't work. + +=item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic +loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work? + +=item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN? +What does CPAN/src/... mean? + +=item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl? + +=item Where can I get information on Perl? + +=item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions? + +=item Where should I post source code? + +=item Perl Books + +References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics + +=item Perl in Magazines + +=item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access + +=item What mailing lists are there for Perl? + +=item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc + +=item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl? + +=item Where do I send bug reports? + +=item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? + +=back + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 +16:08:30 $) + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item How do I do (anything)? + +=item How can I use Perl interactively? + +=item Is there a Perl shell? + +=item How do I debug my Perl programs? + +=item How do I profile my Perl programs? + +=item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs? + +=item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl? + +=item Is there a ctags for Perl? + +=item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor? + +=item Where can I get Perl macros for vi? + +=item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs? + +=item How can I use curses with Perl? + +=item How can I use X or Tk with Perl? + +=item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk? + +=item What is undump? + +=item How can I make my Perl program run faster? + +=item How can I make my Perl program take less memory? + +=item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data? + +=item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks? + +=item How can I make my CGI script more efficient? + +=item How can I hide the source for my Perl program? + +=item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C? + +=item How can I compile Perl into Java? + +=item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]? + +=item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line? + +=item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system? + +=item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl? + +=item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming? + +=item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp] + +=item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in +my C program; what am I doing wrong? + +=item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it +mean? + +=item What's MakeMaker? + +=back + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 +20:37:49 $) + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Data: Numbers + +=over 4 + +=item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the +numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)? + +=item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly? + +=item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()? +Trig functions? + +=item How do I convert bits into ints? + +=item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to? + +=item How do I multiply matrices? + +=item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers? + +=item How can I output Roman numerals? + +=item Why aren't my random numbers random? + +=back + +=item Data: Dates + +=over 4 + +=item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year? + +=item How do I find the current century or millennium? + +=item How can I compare two dates and find the difference? + +=item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds? + +=item How can I find the Julian Day? + +=item How do I find yesterday's date? + +=item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant? + +=back + +=item Data: Strings + +=over 4 + +=item How do I validate input? + +=item How do I unescape a string? + +=item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters? + +=item How do I expand function calls in a string? + +=item How do I find matching/nesting anything? + +=item How do I reverse a string? + +=item How do I expand tabs in a string? + +=item How do I reformat a paragraph? + +=item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string? + +=item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something? + +=item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a +string? + +=item How do I capitalize all the words on one line? + +=item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside +[character]? (Comma-separated files) + +=item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string? + +=item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes? + +=item How do I extract selected columns from a string? + +=item How do I find the soundex value of a string? + +=item How can I expand variables in text strings? + +=item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"? + +=item Why don't my <? + +=item Is there a leak/bug in glob()? + +=item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks? + +=item How can I reliably rename a file? + +=item How can I lock a file? + +=item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")? + +=item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in +the file. How can I do this? + +=item How do I randomly update a binary file? + +=item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl? + +=item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl? + +=item How do I print to more than one file at once? + +=item How can I read in an entire file all at once? + +=item How can I read in a file by paragraphs? + +=item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard? + +=item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle? + +=item How do I do a C in perl? + +=item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl? + +=item How do I close a file descriptor by number? + +=item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't +`C:\temp\foo.exe` work? + +=item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files? + +=item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber +protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl? + +=item How do I select a random line from a file? + +=item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines? + +=back + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $) + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible +and unmaintainable code? + +Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters + +=item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong? + +=item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on +different lines? + +=item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong? + +=item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving +case on the RHS? + +=item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets? + +=item How can I match a locale-smart version of C? + +=item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex? + +=item What is C really for? + +=item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a +file? + +=item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text? + +=item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it? + +=item How do I process each word on each line? + +=item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary? + +=item How can I do approximate matching? + +=item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once? + +=item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me? + +=item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down? + +=item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression? + +=item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant? + +=item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context? + +=item How can I match strings with multibyte characters? + +=item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user? + +=back + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date: +1999/05/23 20:36:18 $) + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language? + +=item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to +use them? + +=item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and +commas? + +=item How do I skip some return values? + +=item How do I temporarily block warnings? + +=item What's an extension? + +=item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators? + +=item How do I declare/create a structure? + +=item How do I create a module? + +=item How do I create a class? + +=item How can I tell if a variable is tainted? + +=item What's a closure? + +=item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it? + +=item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method, +Regex}? + +Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes, +Passing Methods + +=item How do I create a static variable? + +=item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? +Between local() and my()? + +=item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical +is in scope? + +=item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding? + +=item Why doesn't "my($foo) = ;" work right? + +=item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method? + +=item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()? + +=item How do I create a switch or case statement? + +=item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods? + +=item Why can't a method included in this same file be found? + +=item How can I find out my current package? + +=item How can I comment out a large block of perl code? + +=item How do I clear a package? + +=item How can I use a variable as a variable name? + +=back + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.39 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 +18:37:57 $) + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under? + +=item How come exec() doesn't return? + +=item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse? + +Keyboard, Screen, Mouse + +=item How do I print something out in color? + +=item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key? + +=item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard? + +=item How do I clear the screen? + +=item How do I get the screen size? + +=item How do I ask the user for a password? + +=item How do I read and write the serial port? + +lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input + +=item How do I decode encrypted password files? + +=item How do I start a process in the background? + +STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies + +=item How do I trap control characters/signals? + +=item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system? + +=item How do I set the time and date? + +=item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second? + +=item How can I measure time under a second? + +=item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling) + +=item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What +does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean? + +=item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl? + +=item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()? + +=item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems? + +=item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command? + +=item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()? + +=item How can I capture STDERR from an external command? + +=item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails? + +=item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context? + +=item How can I call backticks without shell processing? + +=item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, +^Z on MS-DOS)? + +=item How can I convert my shell script to perl? + +=item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session? + +=item How can I write expect in Perl? + +=item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as +"ps"? + +=item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How +come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my +changes to be visible? + +Unix + +=item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to +complete? + +=item How do I fork a daemon process? + +=item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not? + +=item How do I timeout a slow event? + +=item How do I set CPU limits? + +=item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system? + +=item How do I use an SQL database? + +=item How do I make a system() exit on control-C? + +=item How do I open a file without blocking? + +=item How do I install a module from CPAN? + +=item What's the difference between require and use? + +=item How do I keep my own module/library directory? + +=item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library +search path? + +=item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime? + +=item What is socket.ph and where do I get it? + +=back + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.26 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 +$) + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500 +Server Error) + +=item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program? + +=item How do I remove HTML from a string? + +=item How do I extract URLs? + +=item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a +file on another machine? + +=item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML? + +=item How do I fetch an HTML file? + +=item How do I automate an HTML form submission? + +=item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web? + +=item How do I redirect to another page? + +=item How do I put a password on my web pages? + +=item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl? + +=item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my +CGI script to do bad things? + +=item How do I parse a mail header? + +=item How do I decode a CGI form? + +=item How do I check a valid mail address? + +=item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string? + +=item How do I return the user's mail address? + +=item How do I send mail? + +=item How do I read mail? + +=item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address? + +=item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups? + +=item How do I fetch/put an FTP file? + +=item How can I do RPC in Perl? + +=back + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Layout + +B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref + +=back + +=item Using The Back Ends + +=over 4 + +=item The Cross Referencing Back End + +i, &, s, r + +=item The Decompiling Back End + +=item The Lint Back End + +=item The Simple C Back End + +=item The Bytecode Back End + +=item The Optimized C Back End + +B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, +B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, +B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref + +=back + +=item KNOWN PROBLEMS + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item PREAMBLE + +B, B, B, B, B + +=item ROADMAP + +=item Compiling your C program + +=item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program + +=item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program + +=item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program + +=item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program + +=item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program + +=item Maintaining a persistent interpreter + +=item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances + +=item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C +program + +=back + +=item Embedding Perl under Win32 + +=item MORAL + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Debugger Internals + +=over 4 + +=item Writing Your Own Debugger + +=back + +=item Frame Listing Output Examples + +=item Debugging regular expressions + +=over 4 + +=item Compile-time output + +C I C I, C I C +I, C, C, C +I, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C + +=item Types of nodes + +=item Run-time output + +=back + +=item Debugging Perl memory usage + +=over 4 + +=item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}> + +C, Free/Used, C, C, C, C, C + +=item Example of using B<-DL> switch + +C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704> + +=item B<-DL> details + +C, C, C + +=item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item SPECIAL NOTES + +=over 4 + +=item make + +=item Version caveat + +=item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading + +=back + +=item TUTORIAL + +=over 4 + +=item EXAMPLE 1 + +=item EXAMPLE 2 + +=item What has gone on? + +=item Writing good test scripts + +=item EXAMPLE 3 + +=item What's new here? + +=item Input and Output Parameters + +=item The XSUBPP Program + +=item The TYPEMAP file + +=item Warning about Output Arguments + +=item EXAMPLE 4 + +=item What has happened here? + +=item Anatomy of .xs file + +=item Getting the fat out of XSUBs + +=item More about XSUB arguments + +=item The Argument Stack + +=item Extending your Extension + +=item Documenting your Extension + +=item Installing your Extension + +=item EXAMPLE 5 + +=item New Things in this Example + +=item EXAMPLE 6 + +=item New Things in this Example + +=item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon) + +=item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon) + +=item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon) + +=item Troubleshooting these Examples + +=back + +=item See also + +=item Author + +=over 4 + +=item Last Changed + +=back + +=back + +=head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Introduction + +=item On The Road + +=item The Anatomy of an XSUB + +=item The Argument Stack + +=item The RETVAL Variable + +=item The MODULE Keyword + +=item The PACKAGE Keyword + +=item The PREFIX Keyword + +=item The OUTPUT: Keyword + +=item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword + +=item The CODE: Keyword + +=item The INIT: Keyword + +=item The NO_INIT Keyword + +=item Initializing Function Parameters + +=item Default Parameter Values + +=item The PREINIT: Keyword + +=item The SCOPE: Keyword + +=item The INPUT: Keyword + +=item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords + +=item Variable-length Parameter Lists + +=item The C_ARGS: Keyword + +=item The PPCODE: Keyword + +=item Returning Undef And Empty Lists + +=item The REQUIRE: Keyword + +=item The CLEANUP: Keyword + +=item The POST_CALL: Keyword + +=item The BOOT: Keyword + +=item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword + +=item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword + +=item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword + +=item The ALIAS: Keyword + +=item The INTERFACE: Keyword + +=item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword + +=item The INCLUDE: Keyword + +=item The CASE: Keyword + +=item The & Unary Operator + +=item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives + +=item Using XS With C++ + +=item Interface Strategy + +=item Perl Objects And C Structures + +=item The Typemap + +=back + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item XS VERSION + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Conventions + +C, C

, C, C + +=item File Operations + +=item File Input and Output + +=item File Positioning + +=item Memory Management and String Handling + +=item Character Class Tests + +=item F functions + +=item Miscellaneous functions + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Variables + +=over 4 + +=item Datatypes + +=item What is an "IV"? + +=item Working with SVs + +=item Offsets + +=item What's Really Stored in an SV? + +=item Working with AVs + +=item Working with HVs + +=item Hash API Extensions + +=item References + +=item Blessed References and Class Objects + +=item Creating New Variables + +=item Reference Counts and Mortality + +=item Stashes and Globs + +=item Double-Typed SVs + +=item Magic Variables + +=item Assigning Magic + +=item Magic Virtual Tables + +=item Finding Magic + +=item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays + +=item Localizing changes + +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C + +=back + +=item Subroutines + +=over 4 + +=item XSUBs and the Argument Stack + +=item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs + +=item Memory Allocation + +=item PerlIO + +=item Putting a C value on Perl stack + +=item Scratchpads + +=item Scratchpads and recursion + +=back + +=item Compiled code + +=over 4 + +=item Code tree + +=item Examining the tree + +=item Compile pass 1: check routines + +=item Compile pass 1a: constant folding + +=item Compile pass 2: context propagation + +=item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization + +=back + +=item Examining internal data structures with the C functions + +=item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported + +=over 4 + +=item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT + +=item How do I use all this in extensions? + +=item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS + +=back + +=item Internal Functions + +A, p, d, s, n, r, f, m, o, j, x + +=over 4 + +=item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs + +=item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer + +=item Source Documentation + +=back + +=item Unicode Support + +=over 4 + +=item What B Unicode, anyway? + +=item How can I recognise a UTF8 string? + +=item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters? + +=item How does Perl store UTF8 strings? + +=item How do I convert a string to UTF8? + +=item Is there anything else I need to know? + +=back + +=item AUTHORS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program + +=item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS + +call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv + +=item FLAG VALUES + +=over 4 + +=item G_VOID + +=item G_SCALAR + +=item G_ARRAY + +=item G_DISCARD + +=item G_NOARGS + +=item G_EVAL + +=item G_KEEPERR + +=item Determining the Context + +=back + +=item KNOWN PROBLEMS + +=item EXAMPLES + +=over 4 + +=item No Parameters, Nothing returned + +=item Passing Parameters + +=item Returning a Scalar + +=item Returning a list of values + +=item Returning a list in a scalar context + +=item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list + +=item Using G_EVAL + +=item Using G_KEEPERR + +=item Using call_sv + +=item Using call_argv + +=item Using call_method + +=item Using GIMME_V + +=item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries + +=item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information + +1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of +callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl +callback + +=item Alternate Stack Manipulation + +=item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=item DATE + +=back + +=head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item DOCUMENTATION + +L, L and L, +L and L, L, +L, L, L, +L + +=item CONVERTORS + +L, L, L + +=item Development + +L, L, L and L, +L, L, L + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=back + +=head2 perlfilter - Source Filters + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item CONCEPTS + +=item USING FILTERS + +=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER + +=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C + +B + +=item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE + +=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL + +=item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER + +=item CONCLUSION + +=item REQUIREMENTS + +=item AUTHOR + +=item Copyrights + +=back + +=head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +B, B, B, +B + +=over 4 + +=item The Filter + +=item An Example -- the NULL termination problem. + +=item Another Example -- Key is a C int. + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill, +av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, +bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, +CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, cv_const_sv, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, +dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND, fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, +get_av, get_cv, get_hv, get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, +gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY, +G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, +HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, +hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, +hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, +hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, +isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, items, +ix, LEAVE, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, +mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, New, newAV, Newc, newCONSTSUB, +newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, +newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv, newXS, newXSproto, +Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, +perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, +PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn, +POPp, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, +Renewc, require_pv, RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, +SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, +StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, +SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, +SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, +SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, +SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVX, SvPV_force, SvPV_nolen, +SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, +SvSETMAGIC, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, +SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, svtype, SvTYPE, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, +SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, +SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv, +sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, +sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_dec, +sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, +sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, +sv_newmortal, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace, +sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, +sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn, +sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, +sv_setref_pvn, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_true, +sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, +sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_vcatpvfn, +sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length, +utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uv, utf8_to_uv_simple, uv_to_utf8, warn, XPUSHi, +XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, +XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, +XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, +XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero + +=item AUTHORS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B + Perl functions + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +djSP, is_gv_magical, LVRET, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, +PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs, start_glob + +=item AUTHORS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers. + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item History and Background + +=item Layers vs Disciplines + +=item Data Structures + +1. The functions and attributes of the "layer class", 2. The per-instance +data for a particular handle + +=item Functions and Attributes + +1. Opening and setup functions, 2. Basic IO operations, 3. Stdio class +buffering options, 4. Functions to support Perl's traditional "fast" access +to the buffer + +=item Per-instance Data + +=item Layers in action. + +=item Per-instance flag bits + +PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR, +PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8, +PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF, +PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS + +=item Methods in Detail + +IV (*Fileno)(PerlIO *f);, PerlIO * (*Fdopen)(PerlIO_funcs +*tab, int fd, const char *mode);, PerlIO * (*Open)(PerlIO_funcs *tab, +const char *path, const char *mode);, int (*Reopen)(const char +*path, const char *mode, PerlIO *f);, IV (*Pushed)(PerlIO +*f,const char *mode,const char *arg,STRLEN len);, IV +(*Popped)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t (*Read)(PerlIO *f, void *vbuf, Size_t +count);, SSize_t (*Unread)(PerlIO *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count);, +SSize_t (*Write)(PerlIO *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count);, IV + (*Seek)(PerlIO *f, Off_t offset, int whence);, Off_t +(*Tell)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Close)(PerlIO *f);, IV + (*Flush)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Fill)(PerlIO *f);, IV + (*Eof)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Error)(PerlIO *f);, void + (*Clearerr)(PerlIO *f);, void (*Setlinebuf)(PerlIO *f);, +STDCHAR * (*Get_base)(PerlIO *f);, Size_t +(*Get_bufsiz)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR * (*Get_ptr)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t + (*Get_cnt)(PerlIO *f);, void (*Set_ptrcnt)(PerlIO *f,STDCHAR +*ptr,SSize_t cnt); + +=item Core Layers + +"unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8" + +=item Extension Layers + +"encoding" + +=back + +=back + +=head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface. + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, +B, B, +B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B + +=over 4 + +=item Co-existence with stdio + +B, B, +B, B + +=item "Fast gets" Functions + +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B + +=item Other Functions + +PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers), +'E' read, 'E' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...) + +=back + +=back + +=head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Infrastructure + +=over 4 + +=item Mailing list archives + +=item Bug tracking system + +=item Regression Tests + +Coverage, Regression, __DIE__, suidperl, The 25% slowdown from perl4 to +perl5 + +=back + +=item Configure + +=over 4 + +=item Install HTML + +=back + +=item Perl Language + +=over 4 + +=item 64-bit Perl + +=item Prototypes + +Named prototypes, Indirect objects, Method calls, Context, Scoped subs + +=back + +=item Perl Internals + +=over 4 + +=item magic_setisa + +=item Garbage Collection + +=item Reliable signals + +Alternate runops() for signal despatch, Figure out how to die() in delayed +sighandler, Add tests for Thread::Signal, Automatic tests against CPAN + +=item Interpolated regex performance bugs + +=item Memory leaks from failed eval/regcomp + +=item Make XS easier to use + +=item Make embedded Perl easier to use + +=item Namespace cleanup + +=item MULTIPLICITY + +=item MacPerl + +=back + +=item Documentation + +=over 4 + +=item A clear division into tutorial and reference + +=item Remove the artificial distinction between operators and functions + +=item More tutorials + +Regular expressions, I/O, pack/unpack, Debugging + +=item Include a search tool + +=item Include a locate tool + +=item Separate function manpages by default + +=item Users can't find the manpages + +=item Install ALL Documentation + +=item Outstanding issues to be documented + +=item Adapt www.linuxhq.com for Perl + +=item Replace man with a perl program + +=item Unicode tutorial + +=back + +=item Modules + +=over 4 + +=item Update the POSIX extension to conform with the POSIX 1003.1 Edition 2 + +=item Module versions + +=item New modules + +=item Profiler + +=item Tie Modules + +VecArray, SubstrArray, VirtualArray, ShiftSplice + +=item Procedural options + +=item RPC + +=item y2k localtime/gmtime + +=item Export File::Find variables + +=item Ioctl + +=item Debugger attach/detach + +=item Regular Expression debugger + +=item Alternative RE Syntax + +=item Bundled modules + +=item Expect + +=item GUI::Native + +=item Update semibroken auxiliary tools; h2ph, a2p, etc. + +=item pod2html + +=item Podchecker + +=back + +=item Tom's Wishes + +=over 4 + +=item Webperl + +=item Mobile agents + +=item POSIX on non-POSIX + +=item Portable installations + +=back + +=item Win32 Stuff + +=over 4 + +=item Rename new headers to be consistent with the rest + +=item Sort out the spawnvp() mess + +=item Work out DLL versioning + +=item Style-check + +=back + +=item Would be nice to have + +C, Contiguous bitfields in pack/unpack, lexperl, Bundled +perl preprocessor, Use posix calls internally where possible, format +BOTTOM, -i rename file only when successfully changed, All ARGV input +should act like <>, report HANDLE [formats], support in perlmain to rerun +debugger, lvalue functions + +=item Possible pragmas + +=over 4 + +=item 'less' + +=back + +=item Optimizations + +=over 4 + +=item constant function cache + +=item foreach(reverse...) + +=item Cache eval tree + +=item rcatmaybe + +=item Shrink opcode tables + +=item Cache hash value + +=item Optimize away @_ where possible + +=item Optimize sort by { $a <=> $b } + +=item Rewrite regexp parser for better integrated optimization + +=back + +=item Vague possibilities + +ref function in list context, make tr/// return histogram in list context?, +Loop control on do{} et al, Explicit switch statements, compile to real +threaded code, structured types, Modifiable $1 et al + +=item To Do Or Not To Do + +=over 4 + +=item Making my() work on "package" variables + +=item "or" testing defined not truth + +=item "dynamic" lexicals + +=item "class"-based, rather than package-based "lexicals" + +=back + +=item Threading + +=over 4 + +=item Modules + +=item Testing + +=item $AUTOLOAD + +=item exit/die + +=item External threads + +=item Thread::Pool + +=item thread-safety + +=item Per-thread GVs + +=back + +=item Compiler + +=over 4 + +=item Optimization + +=item Byteperl + +=item Precompiled modules + +=item Executables + +=item Typed lexicals + +=item Win32 + +=item END blocks + +=item _AUTOLOAD + +=item comppadlist + +=item Cached compilation + +=back + +=item Recently Finished Tasks + +=over 4 + +=item Figure a way out of $^(capital letter) + +=item Filenames + +=item Foreign lines + +=item Namespace cleanup + +=item ISA.pm + +=item gettimeofday + +=item autocroak? + +=back + +=back + +=head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the +implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is +the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does +it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is +the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is there enough +documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much +work?, Patches speak louder than words + +=over 4 + +=item Keeping in sync + +rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the +NFS, rsync'ing the patches, It's easier, It's more recent, It's more +reliable, It's easier, It's a good reference, Finding a start point, +Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour + +=item Submitting patches + +L, L and L, L, +F, The perl5-porters FAQ + +=item Finding Your Way Around + +Core modules, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter + +=item Elements of the interpreter + +Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running + +=item Internal Variable Types + +=item Op Trees + +=item Stacks + +Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack + +=item Millions of Macros + +=item Poking at Perl + +=item Using a source-level debugger + +run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue, +finish, 'enter', print + +=item Dumping Perl Data Structures + +=item Patching + +=back + +=item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL + +=over 4 + +=item Rational Software's Purify + +=item Purify on Unix + +-Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity + +=item Purify on NT + +DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug + +=item CONCLUSION + +I + +=back + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 perlhist - the Perl history records + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item INTRODUCTION + +=item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN + +=over 4 + +=item PUMPKIN? + +=back + +=item THE RECORDS + +=over 4 + +=item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES + +=item SELECTED PATCH SIZES + +=back + +=item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS + +=back + +=head2 perldelta - what's new for perl v5.7.0 + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Security Vulnerability Closed + +=item Incompatible Changes + +=item Core Enhancements + +=item Modules and Pragmata + +=over 4 + +=item New Modules + +=item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata + +=back + +=item Utility Changes + +=item New Documentation + +=item Performance Enhancements + +=item Installation and Configuration Improvements + +=over 4 + +=item Generic Improvements + +=back + +=item Selected Bug Fixes + +=over 4 + +=item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes + +=back + +=item New or Changed Diagnostics + +=item Changed Internals + +=item Known Problems + +=over 4 + +=item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect + +=item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform + +=item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles + +=item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure' + +=item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX + +=item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris + +=item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48 + +=item sprintf tests 129 and 130 + +=item Storable tests fail in some platforms + +=item Threads Are Still Experimental + +=item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental + +=back + +=item Reporting Bugs + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item HISTORY + +=back + +=head2 perl56delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0 + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Core Enhancements + +=over 4 + +=item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency + +=item Lexically scoped warning categories + +=item Unicode and UTF-8 support + +=item Support for interpolating named characters + +=item "our" declarations + +=item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals + +=item Improved Perl version numbering system + +=item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes + +=item File and directory handles can be autovivified + +=item open() with more than two arguments + +=item 64-bit support + +=item Large file support + +=item Long doubles + +=item "more bits" + +=item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines + +=item C allowed + +=item File globbing implemented internally + +=item Support for CHECK blocks + +=item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported + +=item Better pseudo-random number generator + +=item Improved C operator + +=item Better worst-case behavior of hashes + +=item pack() format 'Z' supported + +=item pack() format modifier '!' supported + +=item pack() and unpack() support counted strings + +=item Comments in pack() templates + +=item Weak references + +=item Binary numbers supported + +=item Lvalue subroutines + +=item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references + +=item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues + +=item exists() is supported on subroutine names + +=item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements + +=item Pseudo-hashes work better + +=item Automatic flushing of output buffers + +=item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations + +=item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle + +=item eof() has the same old magic as <> + +=item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes + +=item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text" + +=item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure + +=item Improved diagnostics + +=item Diagnostics follow STDERR + +=item More consistent close-on-exec behavior + +=item syswrite() ease-of-use + +=item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators + +=item Bit operators support full native integer width + +=item Improved security features + +=item More functional bareword prototype (*) + +=item C and C may be overridden + +=item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character + +=item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch + +=item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string + +=item Optional Y2K warnings + +=item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings + +=back + +=item Modules and Pragmata + +=over 4 + +=item Modules + +attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper, +DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English, +Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec, +File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt, +Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker, +podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage, +pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname, +Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters + +=item Pragmata + +=back + +=item Utility Changes + +=over 4 + +=item dprofpp + +=item find2perl + +=item h2xs + +=item perlcc + +=item perldoc + +=item The Perl Debugger + +=back + +=item Improved Documentation + +perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod, +perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod, +perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod, +perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod + +=item Performance enhancements + +=over 4 + +=item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized + +=item Optimized assignments to lexical variables + +=item Faster subroutine calls + +=item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster + +=back + +=item Installation and Configuration Improvements + +=over 4 + +=item -Dusethreads means something different + +=item New Configure flags + +=item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring + +=item Long Doubles + +=item -Dusemorebits + +=item -Duselargefiles + +=item installusrbinperl + +=item SOCKS support + +=item C<-A> flag + +=item Enhanced Installation Directories + +=back + +=item Platform specific changes + +=over 4 + +=item Supported platforms + +=item DOS + +=item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS) + +=item VMS + +=item Win32 + +=back + +=item Significant bug fixes + +=over 4 + +=item on empty files + +=item C improvements + +=item All compilation errors are true errors + +=item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer + +=item Behavior of list slices is more consistent + +=item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}> + +=item C and AUTOLOAD + +=item C<-bareword> allowed under C + +=item Failures in DESTROY() + +=item Locale bugs fixed + +=item Memory leaks + +=item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls + +=item Taint failures under C<-U> + +=item END blocks and the C<-c> switch + +=item Potential to leak DATA filehandles + +=back + +=item New or Changed Diagnostics + +"%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet +implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s, +/ cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed +by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape +\\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class +passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too +early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s +argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a +subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: +%s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled +substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional, +Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector +size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check +filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s", +Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default, +Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't +remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't +weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class +syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference, +constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated, +defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean +"local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective +%s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for +output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires +explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable, +Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: +|%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal +number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute: +%s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid +separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in +subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs +returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing +%sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub", +No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our", +No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time +is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref, +panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing +around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string, +Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS" +instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows, +Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored, +Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on +zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This +Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL +environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode +'%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized +escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute +list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in +subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of +CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number + +=item New tests + +=item Incompatible Changes + +=over 4 + +=item Perl Source Incompatibilities + +CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed, +Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form +C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number +generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C fails on +read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles, +Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(), +values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS, +Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed, +Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword +prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed +on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results + +=item C Source Incompatibilities + +C, C, C + +=item Compatible C Source API Changes + +C is now C + +=item Binary Incompatibilities + +=back + +=item Known Problems + +=over 4 + +=item Thread test failures + +=item EBCDIC platforms not supported + +=item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang + +=item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure + +=item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with +gcc + +=item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run + +=item Arrow operator and arrays + +=item Experimental features + +Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The +pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file +globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs: + +=back + +=item Obsolete Diagnostics -=item Perl Modules +Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed +logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as +\@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$" +to mean "${$}" is deprecated -=back +=item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO +=item HISTORY + =back -=head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones +=head2 perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005 -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY +=item About the new versioning system -=over +=item Incompatible Changes -=item Pragmatic Modules +=over 4 -attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, -diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, lib, locale, open, ops, -overload, re, sigtrap, strict, subs, utf8, vars, warnings +=item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004. -=item Standard Modules +=item Default installation structure has changed -AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, -B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, -B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, -CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, -CGI::Switch, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, -Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, -English, Env, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, -ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, -ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, -ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, -ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, -ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree, -File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path, -File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, -File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, -File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, -I18N::Collate, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, -Math::Complex, Math::Trig, NDBM_File, Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent, -Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, -Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, -Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Termcap, -Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, -Socket, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, -Test, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, -Text::Wrap, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, -Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, -UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent +=item Perl Source Compatibility -=item Extension Modules +=item C Source Compatibility + +=item Binary Compatibility + +=item Security fixes may affect compatibility + +=item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004 + +=item Licensing =back -=item CPAN +=item Core Changes -Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating -System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess -Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces, -User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages, -File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String -Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option, -Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing, -Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption, -World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities, -Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, -and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and -exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities, -Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Central America, Europe, -North America, South America +=over 4 -=item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse +=item Threads -=over +=item Compiler -=item Guidelines for Module Creation +=item Regular Expressions -Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new -module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select -what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?, -README and other Additional Files, A description of the -module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites -- what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to -Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release, -especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in -the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a -version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take -care when changing a released module +Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression +constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other +improvements, Incompatible changes -=item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules +=item Improved malloc() -There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications, -Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started, -Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from ' -to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes +=item Quicksort is internally implemented -=item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code +=item Reliable signals -Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many -applications contain some Perl code that could be reused, Break-out the -reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity -to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application' -can then be reduced to a small +=item Reliable stack pointers -=back +=item More generous treatment of carriage returns -=item NOTE +=item Memory leaks -=back +=item Better support for multiple interpreters -=head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules +=item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined -=over +=item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L module -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Pseudo-hashes are supported -=over +=item C is supported -=item PREAMBLE +=item Keywords can be globally overridden -B the file, B the file into a directory, B the -module (sometimes unnecessary), B the module +=item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32 -=back +=item C optimized -=item HEY +=item C can be used as implicitly quoted package name -=item AUTHOR +=item C tests existence of a package -=item COPYRIGHT +=item Better locale support -=back +=item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms -=head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation +=item prototype() returns useful results on builtins -=over +=item Extended support for exception handling -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods -=item DESCRIPTION +=item All C format conversions are handled internally -=over +=item New C keyword -=item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes +=item New C keyword -$$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept -filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to -files, directories and network sockets +=item New C operator -=item Resource limits +=item C is now a reserved word -=item Killing the parent process +=item Tied arrays are now fully supported -=item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes +=item Tied handles support is better -=item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS +=item 4th argument to substr -BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented, -Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger -application, Thread-safety of extensions +=item Negative LENGTH argument to splice + +=item Magic lvalues are now more magical + +=item <> now reads in records =back -=item BUGS +=item Supported Platforms -=item AUTHOR +=over 4 -=item SEE ALSO +=item New Platforms + +=item Changes in existing support =back -=head2 perlform - Perl formats +=item Modules and Pragmata -=over +=over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item New Modules -=over +B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed, +ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, +Thread, attrs, fields, re -=item Format Variables +=item Changes in existing modules + +Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File, +MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd, Benchmark =back -=item NOTES +=item Utility Changes -=over +=item Documentation Changes + +=item New Diagnostics + +Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index +while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent +package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check +filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't +goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element, +Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber +for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions, +Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character +class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in +insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s: +Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming +package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such +field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously +large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance +detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized +list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word +"%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed -=item Footers +=item Obsolete Diagnostics -=item Accessing Formatting Internals +Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open +temporary file, regexp too big -=back +=item Configuration Changes -=item WARNINGS +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item HISTORY =back -=head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and -localization) +=head2 perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004 -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES +=item Supported Environments -=item USING LOCALES +=item Core Changes -=over +=over 4 -=item The use locale pragma +=item List assignment to %ENV works -=item The setlocale function +=item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error -=item Finding locales +=item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003 -=item LOCALE PROBLEMS +=item $PERL5OPT environment variable -=item Temporarily fixing locale problems +=item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options -=item Permanently fixing locale problems +=item More precise warnings -=item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration +=item Deprecated: Inherited C for non-methods -=item Fixing system locale configuration +=item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable -=item The localeconv function +=item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified -=back +=item Group vector changeable with C<$)> -=item LOCALE CATEGORIES +=item Fixed parsing of $$, &$, etc. -=over +=item Fixed localization of $, $&, etc. -=item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation +=item No resetting of $. on implicit close -=item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types +=item C may return undef -=item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting +=item C determines value of EXPR in scalar context -=item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts +=item Changes to tainting checks -=item LC_TIME +No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No +spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name -=item Other categories +=item New Opcode module and revised Safe module -=back +=item Embedding improvements -=item SECURITY +=item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes -B (C, C, C, C and C):, -B (with C<\l>, C<\L>, C<\u> or C<\U>), -B (C):, B (C):, -B (printf() and write()):, B (lc(), lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, B (localeconv(), strcoll(), strftime(), strxfrm()):, B (isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(), isgraph(), -islower(), isprint(), ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(), isxdigit()): +=item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface -=item ENVIRONMENT +=item New and changed syntax -PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, -LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG +$coderef->(PARAMS) -=item NOTES +=item New and changed builtin constants -=over +__PACKAGE__ -=item Backward compatibility +=item New and changed builtin variables -=item I18N:Collate obsolete +$^E, $^H, $^M -=item Sort speed and memory use impacts +=item New and changed builtin functions -=item write() and LC_NUMERIC +delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in +Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module +VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C does not +reset search position on failure, C ignores whitespace before ?*+{}, +nested C closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals -=item Freely available locale definitions +=item New builtin methods -=item I18n and l10n +isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ) -=item An imperfect standard +=item TIEHANDLE now supported -=back +TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this +LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this -=item BUGS +=item Malloc enhancements -=over +-DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE -=item Broken systems +=item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements =back -=item SEE ALSO +=item Support for More Operating Systems -=item HISTORY +=over 4 -=back +=item Win32 -=head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures +=item Plan 9 -=over +=item QNX -=item NOTE +=item AmigaOS -=item DESCRIPTION +=back -=over +=item Pragmata -=item Making References +use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use +constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish -=item Using References +=item Modules -=item Symbolic references +=over 4 -=item Not-so-symbolic references +=item Required Updates -=item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash +=item Installation directories -=item Function Templates +=item Module information summary -=back +=item Fcntl -=item WARNING +=item IO -=item SEE ALSO +=item Math::Complex -=back +=item Math::Trig -=head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references +=item DB_File -=over +=item Net::Ping -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators -=item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures? +=back -=item The Solution +=item Utility Changes -=item Syntax +=over 4 -=over +=item pod2html -=item Making References +Sends converted HTML to standard output -=item Using References +=item xsubpp + +C XSUBs now default to returning nothing =back -=item An Example +=item C Language API Changes -=item Arrow Rule +C and C, C, Extended API for +manipulating hashes -=item Solution +=item Documentation Changes -=item The Rest +L, L, L, L, L, +L, L, L -=item Summary +=item New Diagnostics -=item Credits +"my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is +not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too +large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free +nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr, +Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort +subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in +use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant +subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did +not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too +long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: +%s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number, +internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type +in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once: +possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of +memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible +attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words +with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found +while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>" +option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized +character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$" to mean +"${$}" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(), +Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared, +Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, +Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too +long, Process terminated by SIG%s -=over +=item BUGS -=item Distribution Conditions +=item SEE ALSO -=back +=item HISTORY =back -=head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook +=head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes, -more elaborate constructs - -=item REFERENCES +=over 4 -=item COMMON MISTAKES +=item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX -=item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE +=item OS level -=item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C +=item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX -=item DEBUGGING +=item The IBM ANSI C Compiler -=item CODE EXAMPLES +=item Using GNU's gcc for building perl -=item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS +=item Using Large Files with Perl -=over +=item Threaded Perl -=item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS +=item 64-bit Perl -=item Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS +=item GDBM and Threads -=item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS +=item NFS filesystems and utime(2) =back -=item HASHES OF ARRAYS - -=over - -=item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS - -=item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS +=item AUTHOR -=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS +=item DATE =back -=item ARRAYS OF HASHES +=head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS -=over +=over 4 -=item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES +=back -=item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES +=over 4 -=back +=item DESCRIPTION -=item HASHES OF HASHES +=over 4 -=over +=item Prerequisites -=item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES +B, B -=item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES +=item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS -=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES +=item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS =back -=item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS +=item INSTALLATION -=over +=item Accessing documentation -=item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS +=over 4 -=item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS +=item Manpages -=item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS +=item B -=back +=item B C files -=item Database Ties +=item C docs -=item SEE ALSO +=back -=item AUTHOR +=item BUILD -=back +=over 4 -=head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl +=item Prerequisites -=over +=item Getting the perl source -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Making -=item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays +sh Configure -Dprefix=/ade -Dloclibpth=/ade/lib -=item Growing Your Own +=item Testing -=item Access and Printing +=item Installing the built perl -=item Slices +=back -=item SEE ALSO +=item AUTHORS -=item AUTHOR +=item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial +=head2 perlbs2000, README.posix-bc - building and installing Perl for +BS2000 POSIX. + +=over 4 -=over +=item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 -=item If we could talk to the animals... +=item gzip -=item Introducing the method invocation arrow +=item bison -=item Invoking a barnyard +=item Unpacking -=item The extra parameter of method invocation +=item Compiling -=item Calling a second method to simplify things +=item Testing -=item Inheriting the windpipes +=item Install -=item A few notes about @ISA +=item Using Perl -=item Overriding the methods +=item Floating point anomalies -=item Starting the search from a different place +=back -=item The SUPER way of doing things +=item AUTHORS -=item Where we're at so far... +=item SEE ALSO -=item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it? +=over 4 + +=item Mailing list + +=back + +=item HISTORY -=item Invoking an instance method +=back -=item Accessing the instance data +=head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin -=item How to build a horse +=over 4 -=item Inheriting the constructor +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Making a method work with either classes or instances +=item PREREQUISITES -=item Adding parameters to a method +=over 4 -=item More interesting instances +=item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it) -=item A horse of a different color +=item Cygwin Configuration -=item Summary +C, I, Permissions =back -=item SEE ALSO +=item CONFIGURE -=item COPYRIGHT +=over 4 -=back +=item Strip Binaries -=head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl +=item Optional Libraries -=over +C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C), C<-ldb> (C), +C<-lcygipc> (C) -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Configure-time Options -=item Creating a Class +C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>, C<-Duseperlio>, +C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles> -=over +=item Suspicious Warnings -=item Object Representation +I, Win9x and C, Compiler/Preprocessor defines -=item Class Interface +=back -=item Constructors and Instance Methods +=item MAKE -=item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors +=over 4 -=item Destructors +=item Warnings -=item Other Object Methods +=item ld2 =back -=item Class Data +=item TEST -=over +=over 4 -=item Accessing Class Data +=item File Permissions -=item Debugging Methods +=item Hard Links -=item Class Destructors +=item Filetime Granularity -=item Documenting the Interface +=item Tainting Checks + +=item /etc/group + +=item Script Portability + +Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous =back -=item Aggregation +=item INSTALL -=item Inheritance +=item MANIFEST -=over +Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl +Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts -=item Overridden Methods +=item BUGS -=item Multiple Inheritance +=item AUTHORS -=item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects +=item HISTORY =back -=item Alternate Object Representations +=head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC -=over +=over 4 -=item Arrays as Objects +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Closures as Objects +=item INTRODUCTION -=back +=item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC -=item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods +=item USING PERL ON EPOC -=over +=over 4 -=item Autoloaded Data Methods +=item IO Redirection -=item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods +=item PATH Names -=back +=item Editors -=item Metaclassical Tools +=item Features -=over +=item Restrictions -=item Class::Struct +=item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment -=item Data Members as Variables +=back -=item NOTES +=item SUPPORT STATUS -=item Object Terminology +=item AUTHOR + +=item LAST UPDATE =back -=item SEE ALSO +=head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix +(HP-UX) systems -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=over 4 -=item COPYRIGHT +=item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 -=item Acknowledgments +=item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX -=back +=item PA-RISC -=back +=item PA-RISC 1.0 -=head2 perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl +=item PA-RISC 1.1 -=over +=item PA-RISC 2.0 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions -=item Class Data as Package Variables +=item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX -=over +=item The HP ANSI C Compiler -=item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket +=item Using Large Files with Perl -=item Inheritance Concerns +=item Threaded Perl -=item The Eponymous Meta-Object +=item 64-bit Perl -=item Indirect References to Class Data +=item GDBM and Threads -=item Monadic Classes +=item NFS filesystems and utime(2) -=item Translucent Attributes +=item perl -P and // =back -=item Class Data as Lexical Variables - -=over - -=item Privacy and Responsibility +=item AUTHOR -=item File-Scoped Lexicals +=item DATE -=item More Inheritance Concerns +=back -=item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key +=head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen +systems -=item Translucency Revisited +=over 4 -=back +=item DESCRIPTION -=item NOTES +=over 4 -=item SEE ALSO +=item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item Failures during C -=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS +op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t -=item HISTORY +=item Building external modules =back -=head2 perlobj - Perl objects +=item AUTHOR -=over +=item DATE -=item DESCRIPTION +=back -=over +=head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE -=item An Object is Simply a Reference +=head1 SYNOPSIS -=item A Class is Simply a Package +=over 4 -=item A Method is Simply a Subroutine +=item What's New -=item Method Invocation +=item System Requirements -=item WARNING +=item How to Obtain Perl/iX -=item Default UNIVERSAL methods +=item Distribution Contents Highlights -isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ) +README, public_html/feedback.cgi, 4, 6 -=item Destructors +=item Getting Started with Perl/iX -=item Summary +=item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations -=item Two-Phased Garbage Collection +=item Change History =back -=item SEE ALSO +=head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT. -=back +=over 4 -=head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable +=item SYNOPSIS -=over +=back -=item SYNOPSIS +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 -=item Tying Scalars +=item Target -TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this +=item Other OSes -=item Tying Arrays +=item Prerequisites -TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value, -DESTROY this +EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh -=item Tying Hashes +=item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...) -USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE -this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY -this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this +=item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl -=item Tying FileHandles +=back -TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, -LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, DESTROY this +=item Frequently asked questions -=item The C Gotcha +=over 4 -=back +=item I cannot run external programs -=item SEE ALSO +=item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F from my +program. -=item BUGS +Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use +L? -=item AUTHOR +=item C<``> and pipe-C do not work under DOS. -=back +=item Cannot start C -=head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT) +=back -=over +=item INSTALLATION -=item DESCRIPTION +=over 4 -=item OO SCALING TIPS +=item Automatic binary installation -=item INSTANCE VARIABLES +C, C, F -=item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE +=item Manual binary installation -=item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS +Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable +(statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library, +Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl +and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation, +Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh -=item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS +=item B -=item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM +=back -=item THINKING OF CODE REUSE +=item Accessing documentation -=item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT +=over 4 -=item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR +=item OS/2 F<.INF> file -=item DELEGATION +=item Plain text -=back +=item Manpages -=head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, -safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores) +=item HTML -=over +=item GNU C files -=item DESCRIPTION +=item F<.PDF> files -=item Signals +=item C docs -=item Named Pipes +=back -=over +=item BUILD -=item WARNING +=over 4 -=back +=item Prerequisites -=item Using open() for IPC +=item Getting perl source -=over +=item Application of the patches -=item Filehandles +=item Hand-editing -=item Background Processes +=item Making -=item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent +=item Testing -=item Safe Pipe Opens +A lot of C, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F, +F, F, F, F -=item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process +=item Installing the built perl -=item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself +=item C-style build =back -=item Sockets: Client/Server Communication +=item Build FAQ -=over +=over 4 -=item Internet Line Terminators +=item Some C became C<\> in pdksh. -=item Internet TCP Clients and Servers +=item C<'errno'> - unresolved external -=item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers +=item Problems with tr or sed -=back +=item Some problem (forget which ;-) -=item TCP Clients with IO::Socket +=item Library ... not found -=over +=item Segfault in make -=item A Simple Client +=item op/sprintf test failure -C, C, C +=back -=item A Webget Client +=item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port -=item Interactive Client with IO::Socket +=over 4 -=back +=item C, C -=item TCP Servers with IO::Socket +=item C -Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse +=item C on the first line -=item UDP: Message Passing +=item Additional modules: -=item SysV IPC +=item Prebuilt methods: -=item NOTES +C, C, C, + C, C, +C, C, +C, C, +C, C, +C -=item BUGS +=item Misfeatures -=item AUTHOR +=item Modifications -=item SEE ALSO +C, C, C, C, C, C =back -=head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters +=item Perl flavors -=over +=over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item F -=item DESCRIPTION +=item F -B, B, B, -B +=item F -=over +=item F -=item The Filter +=item Why strange names? -=item An Example -- the NULL termination problem. +=item Why dynamic linking? -=item Another Example -- Key is a C int. +=item Why chimera build? + +explicit fork(), open FH, "|-", open FH, "-|" =back -=item SEE ALSO +=item ENVIRONMENT -=item AUTHOR +=over 4 -=back +=item C -=head2 perldebug - Perl debugging +=item C -=over +=item C -=item DESCRIPTION +=item C -=item The Perl Debugger +=item C -=over +=item C or C -=item Debugger Commands +=back -h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n -[expr], r, , c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, --, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr, -b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname -[condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line] -command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O -option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >> -command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! -cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man [manpage] +=item Evolution -=item Configurable Options +=over 4 -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C +=item Priorities -=item Debugger input/output +=item DLL name mangling -Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame -listing +=item Threading -=item Debugging compile-time statements +=item Calls to external programs -=item Debugger Customization +=item Memory allocation -=item Readline Support +=item Threads -=item Editor Support for Debugging +C, F -=item The Perl Profiler +=back =back -=item Debugging regular expressions +=over 4 -=item Debugging memory usage +=item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO -=item BUGS - =back -=head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl +=head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390. -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item Storing numbers +=over 4 -=item Numeric operators and numeric conversions +=item Unpacking -=item Flavors of Perl numeric operations +=item Setup and utilities -Arithmetic operators except, C, Arithmetic operators except, -C, Bitwise operators, C, Bitwise operators, C, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a -string +=item Configure -=item AUTHOR +=item Build, test, install + +=item build anomalies + +=item testing anomalies + +=item installation anomalies + +=item Usage Hints + +=item Floating point anomalies + +=item Modules and Extensions + +=back + +=item AUTHORS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=over 4 + +=item Mailing list + +=back -=item SEE ALSO +=item HISTORY =back -=head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging +=head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=item Debugger Internals - -=over +=over 4 -=item Writing Your Own Debugger +=item Solaris Version Numbers. =back -=item Frame Listing Output Examples +=item RESOURCES -=item Debugging regular expressions +Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation -=over +=item SETTING UP -=item Compile-time output +=over 4 -C I C I, C I C -I, C, C, C -I, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C +=item File Extraction Problems. -=item Types of nodes +=item Compiler and Related Tools. -=item Run-time output +=item Environment =back -=item Debugging Perl memory usage +=item RUN CONFIGURE. -=over +=over 4 -=item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}> +=item 64-bit Issues. -C, Free/Used, C, C, C, C, C +=item Threads. -=item Example of using B<-DL> switch +=item Malloc Issues. -C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704> +=back -=item B<-DL> details +=item MAKE PROBLEMS. -C, C, C +Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal: +relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No +DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found -=item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics +=item MAKE TEST -=back +=over 4 -=item SEE ALSO +=item op/stat.t test 4 =back -=head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics +=item PREBUILT BINARIES. -=over +=item RUNTIME ISSUES. -=item DESCRIPTION +=over 4 + +=item Limits on Numbers of Open Files. =back -=head2 perlsec - Perl security +=item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES. -=over +=item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES. -=item DESCRIPTION +=over 4 -=over +=item Proc::ProcessTable -=item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data +=item BSD::Resource -=item Switches On the "#!" Line +=item Net::SSLeay -=item Cleaning Up Your Path +=back -=item Security Bugs +=item AUTHOR -=item Protecting Your Programs +=item LAST MODIFIED =back -=item SEE ALSO - -=back +=head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA. -=head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary +=over 4 -=over +=item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over - -=item Awk Traps - -=item C Traps +=over 4 -=item Sed Traps +=item Unpacking -=item Shell Traps +=item Setup and utilities -=item Perl Traps +=item Configure -=item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps +- Don't turn on the compiler optimization flag "-O". There's a bug in +the compiler (APAR PQ18812) that generates some bad code the +optimizer is on, - As VM/ESA doesn't fully support the fork() API programs +relying on this call will not work. I've replaced fork()/exec() with +spawn() and the standalone exec() with spawn(). This has a side +effect when opening unnamed pipes in a shell script: there is no child +process generated under -Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical -Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts, -Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc, -Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps +=item testing anomalies -=item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps +=item Usage Hints -Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, -Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, -Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance +When using perl on VM/ESA please keep in mind that the EBCDIC and ASCII +character sets are different. Perl builtin functions that may behave +differently under EBCDIC are mentioned in the perlport.pod document. -=item Parsing Traps +=back -Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing +=item AUTHORS -=item Numerical Traps +=item SEE ALSO -Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops +=over 4 -=item General data type traps +=item Mailing list -(Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String), -(Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide) +=back -=item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts +=back -(list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin) +=head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl -=item Precedence Traps +=over 4 -Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, -Precedence +=item DESCRIPTION -=item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc. +=item Installation -Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular -Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, -Regular Expression +=item Organization of Perl Images -=item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps +=over 4 -(Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle +=item Core Images -=item OS Traps +=item Perl Extensions -(SysV), (SysV) +=item Installing static extensions -=item Interpolation Traps +=item Installing dynamic extensions -Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, -Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation +=back -=item DBM Traps +=item File specifications -DBM, DBM +=over 4 -=item Unclassified Traps +=item Syntax -C/C trap using returned value, C on empty string with -LIMIT specified +=item Wildcard expansion -=back +=item Pipes =back -=head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl +=item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB -=over +=item Command line -=item DESCRIPTION +=over 4 -Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I -portable +=item I/O redirection and backgrounding -=item ISSUES +=item Command line switches -=over +-i, -S, -u -=item Newlines +=back -=item Numbers endianness and Width +=item Perl functions -=item Files and Filesystems +File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump, +exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select +(system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime +LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS -=item System Interaction +=item Perl variables -=item Interprocess Communication (IPC) +%ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $^S, $| -=item External Subroutines (XS) +=item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences -=item Standard Modules +=over 4 -=item Time and Date +=item SDBM_File -=item Character sets and character encoding +=back -=item Internationalisation +=item Revision date -=item System Resources +=item AUTHOR -=item Security +=back -=item Style +=head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS -=back +=over 4 -=item CPAN Testers +=item SYNOPSIS -Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results: -http://testers.cpan.org/ +=over 4 -=item PLATFORMS +=item Stratus POSIX Support -=over +=back -=item Unix +=item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS -=item DOS and Derivatives +=over 4 -Build instructions for OS/2, L +=item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS -=item S +=item Installing Perl 5 on VOS -=item VMS +=back -=item VOS +=item USING PERL IN VOS -=item EBCDIC Platforms +=over 4 -=item Acorn RISC OS +=item Unimplemented Features -=item Other perls +=item Restrictions =back -=item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS - -=over +=item SUPPORT STATUS -=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions +=item AUTHOR --I FILEHANDLE, -I EXPR, -I, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode -FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt -PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec -LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, -getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, -getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr -ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, -getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, -setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, -setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, -endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, -ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, -lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, -msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, -open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, -select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget -KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP, -setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt -SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, -shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, socketpair -SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, -symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen -FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate -FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST, -wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS +=item LAST UPDATE =back -=item CHANGES +=head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION -v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999, -v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May -1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December -1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August -1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, -v1.23, 10 July 1998 +=head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated) -=item Supported Platforms +=over 4 -=item SEE ALSO +=item SYNOPSIS -=item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS +=item DESCRIPTION -=item VERSION +method, locked =back -=head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide +=head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour + +=over 4 -=over +=item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back -=head2 perlpod - plain old documentation +=head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes + +=over 4 -=over +=item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 -=item Verbatim Paragraph +=item Built-in Attributes -=item Command Paragraph +locked, method, lvalue -=item Ordinary Block of Text +=item Available Subroutines -=item The Intent +get, reftype -=item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules +=item Package-specific Attribute Handling -=item Common Pod Pitfalls +FETCH_I_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I_ATTRIBUTES + +=item Syntax of Attribute Lists + +=back + +=item EXPORTS + +=over 4 + +=item Default exports + +=item Available exports + +=item Export tags defined =back +=item EXAMPLES + =item SEE ALSO -=item AUTHOR +=back + +=head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated) + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +method, locked =back -=head2 perlbook - Perl book information +=head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used + +=over 4 -=over +=item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION +=item WARNING + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + =back -=head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program +=head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time + +=over 4 -=over +=item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=item HISTORY -=item PREAMBLE +=item SEE ALSO -B, B, B, B, B +=back -=item ROADMAP +=head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package -=item Compiling your C program +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program +=item BUGS -=item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program +=item AUTHOR -=item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program +=back -=item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program +=head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character +semantics -=item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program +=over 4 -=item Maintaining a persistent interpreter +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C -program +=item SEE ALSO =back -=item Embedding Perl under Windows +=head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal +escape. -=item MORAL +=over 4 -=item AUTHOR +=item SYNOPSIS -=item COPYRIGHT +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS + +=item BUGS =back -=head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface. +=head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -B, B, B, B, -B, B, -B, B, -B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B +=item NOTES -=over +=item TECHNICAL NOTE -=item Co-existence with stdio +=item BUGS -B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B +=item AUTHOR -=back +=item COPYRIGHT =back -=head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual +=head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning +diagnostics -=over +=over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item SYNOPSIS -=over +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Introduction +=over 4 -=item On The Road +=item The C Pragma -=item The Anatomy of an XSUB +=item The I Program -=item The Argument Stack +=back -=item The RETVAL Variable +=item EXAMPLES -=item The MODULE Keyword +=item INTERNALS -=item The PACKAGE Keyword +=item BUGS -=item The PREFIX Keyword +=item AUTHOR -=item The OUTPUT: Keyword +=back -=item The CODE: Keyword +=head2 fields - compile-time class fields -=item The INIT: Keyword +=over 4 -=item The NO_INIT Keyword +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Initializing Function Parameters +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Default Parameter Values +new, phash -=item The PREINIT: Keyword +=item SEE ALSO -=item The SCOPE: Keyword +=back -=item The INPUT: Keyword +=head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators -=item Variable-length Parameter Lists +=over 4 -=item The C_ARGS: Keyword +=item SYNOPSIS -=item The PPCODE: Keyword +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Returning Undef And Empty Lists +=over 4 -=item The REQUIRE: Keyword +=item subpragma access -=item The CLEANUP: Keyword +=back -=item The BOOT: Keyword +=back -=item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword +=head2 integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of +double -=item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword +=over 4 -=item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword +=item SYNOPSIS -=item The ALIAS: Keyword +=item DESCRIPTION -=item The INTERFACE: Keyword +=back -=item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword +=head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler -=item The INCLUDE: Keyword +=over 4 -=item The CASE: Keyword +=item SYNOPSIS -=item The & Unary Operator +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives +=back -=item Using XS With C++ +=head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time -=item Interface Strategy +=over 4 -=item Perl Objects And C Structures +=item SYNOPSIS -=item The Typemap +=item DESCRIPTION -=back +=over 4 -=item EXAMPLES +=item Adding directories to @INC -=item XS VERSION +=item Deleting directories from @INC -=item AUTHOR +=item Restoring original @INC =back -=head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs - -=over +=item SEE ALSO -=item DESCRIPTION +=item AUTHOR -=item SPECIAL NOTES +=back -=over +=head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in +operations -=item make +=over 4 -=item Version caveat +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading +=item DESCRIPTION =back -=item TUTORIAL - -=over +=head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output -=item EXAMPLE 1 +=over 4 -=item EXAMPLE 2 +=item SYNOPSIS -=item What has gone on? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Writing good test scripts +=item UNIMPLEMENTED FUNCTIONALITY -=item EXAMPLE 3 +=item SEE ALSO -=item What's new here? +=back -=item Input and Output Parameters +=head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling -=item The XSUBPP Program +=over 4 -=item The TYPEMAP file +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Warning about Output Arguments +=item DESCRIPTION -=item EXAMPLE 4 +=item SEE ALSO -=item What has happened here? +=back -=item Anatomy of .xs file +=head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations -=item Getting the fat out of XSUBs +=over 4 -=item More about XSUB arguments +=item SYNOPSIS -=item The Argument Stack +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Extending your Extension +=over 4 -=item Documenting your Extension +=item Declaration of overloaded functions -=item Installing your Extension +=item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations -=item EXAMPLE 5 +FALSE, TRUE, C -=item New Things in this Example +=item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations -=item EXAMPLE 6 +=item Calling Conventions for Mutators -=item New Things in this Example +C<++> and C<-->, C and other assignment versions -=item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon) +=item Overloadable Operations -=item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon) +I, I, I, +I, I, I, I, I, I -=item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon) +=item Inheritance and overloading -=item Troubleshooting these Examples +Strings as values of C directive, Overloading of an operation +is inherited by derived classes =back -=item See also +=item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C -=item Author +=over 4 -=over +=item Last Resort -=item Last Changed +=item Fallback -=back +C, TRUE, defined, but FALSE + +=item Copy Constructor + +B =back -=head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API +=item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION -=over +I, I, +I, C, I, I, +I, I, I, I, +I -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Losing overloading -=item Variables +=item Run-time Overloading -=over +=item Public functions -=item Datatypes +overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op) -=item What is an "IV"? +=item Overloading constants -=item Working with SVs +integer, float, binary, q, qr -=item What's Really Stored in an SV? +=item IMPLEMENTATION -=item Working with AVs +=item Metaphor clash -=item Working with HVs +=item Cookbook -=item Hash API Extensions +=over 4 -=item References +=item Two-face scalars -=item Blessed References and Class Objects +=item Two-face references -=item Creating New Variables +=item Symbolic calculator -=item Reference Counts and Mortality +=item I symbolic calculator -=item Stashes and Globs +=back -=item Double-Typed SVs +=item AUTHOR -=item Magic Variables +=item DIAGNOSTICS -=item Assigning Magic +Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable +type, `%s' is not a code reference -=item Magic Virtual Tables +=item BUGS -=item Finding Magic +=back -=item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays +=head2 perlio - perl pragma to configure C level IO -=item Localizing changes +=over 4 -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C +=item SYNOPSIS -=back +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Subroutines +unix, stdio, perlio -=over +=over 4 -=item XSUBs and the Argument Stack +=item Defaults and how to override them -=item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs +=back -=item Memory Allocation +=item AUTHOR -=item PerlIO +=back -=item Putting a C value on Perl stack +=head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour -=item Scratchpads +=over 4 -=item Scratchpads and recursion +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION =back -=item Compiled code +=head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling -=over +=over 4 -=item Code tree +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Examining the tree +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Compile pass 1: check routines +=item OPTIONS -=item Compile pass 1a: constant folding +=over 4 -=item Compile pass 2: context propagation +=item SIGNAL HANDLERS -=item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization +B, B, B I -=back +=item SIGNAL LISTS -=item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported +B, B, B -=over +=item OTHER -=item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT +B, B, I, I -=item How do I use all this in extensions? +=back -=item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS +=item EXAMPLES =back -=item AUTHORS +=head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs -=item SEE ALSO +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +C, C, C =back -=head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C +=head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names -=over +=over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item SYNOPSIS -An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program +=item DESCRIPTION -=item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS +=back -call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv +=head2 unicode::distinct - Perl pragma to strictly distinguish UTF8 data +and non-UTF data. -=item FLAG VALUES +=over 4 -=over +=item SYNOPSIS -=item G_VOID +=item DESCRIPTION -=item G_SCALAR +=item SEE ALSO -=item G_ARRAY +=back -=item G_DISCARD +=head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 in source code -=item G_NOARGS +=over 4 -=item G_EVAL +=item SYNOPSIS -=item G_KEEPERR +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Determining the Context +=item SEE ALSO =back -=item KNOWN PROBLEMS +=head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete) -=item EXAMPLES +=over 4 -=over +=item SYNOPSIS -=item No Parameters, Nothing returned +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Passing Parameters +=back -=item Returning a Scalar +=head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings -=item Returning a list of values +=over 4 -=item Returning a list in a scalar context +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Using G_EVAL +use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category), +warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message), +warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message), +warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message), +warnings::warnif($object, $message) -=item Using G_KEEPERR +=back -=item Using call_sv +=head2 warnings::register - warnings import function -=item Using call_argv +=head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION -=item Using call_method +=head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs -=item Using GIMME_V +=over 4 -=item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information +=item DESCRIPTION -1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of -callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl -callback +=over 4 -=item Alternate Stack Manipulation +=item DBM Comparisons -=item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C +[0], [1], [2], [3] =back =item SEE ALSO -=item AUTHOR - -=item DATE - =back -=head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator - -=over +=head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand -=item DESCRIPTION +=over 4 -=over +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Layout +=item DESCRIPTION -B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref +=over 4 -=back +=item Subroutine Stubs -=item Using The Back Ends +=item Using B's AUTOLOAD Subroutine -=over +=item Overriding B's AUTOLOAD Subroutine -=item The Cross Referencing Back End +=item Package Lexicals -i, &, s, r +=item Not Using AutoLoader -=item The Decompiling Back End +=item B vs. B -=item The Lint Back End +=back -=item The Simple C Back End +=item CAVEATS -=item The Bytecode Back End +=item SEE ALSO -=item The Optimized C Back End +=back -B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, -B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, -B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref +=head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading -=back +=over 4 -=item KNOWN PROBLEMS +=item SYNOPSIS -=item AUTHOR +=item DESCRIPTION -=back +$keep, $check, $modtime -=head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API +=over 4 -=over - -=item DESCRIPTION - -AvFILL, av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, -av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, -call_method, call_pv, call_sv, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, dMARK, -dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND, -fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, get_av, get_cv, get_hv, get_sv, GIMME, -GIMME_V, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, -gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, -G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, -HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, -hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, -hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, -hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, -isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, -mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, New, newAV, -Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv, -newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv, newXS, newXSproto, -Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, -perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, -PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_modglobal, PL_na, -PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, POPs, PUSHi, -PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, require_pv, -RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, -strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, -SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, -SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvLOCK, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, -SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, -SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPV, SvPVX, SvPV_force, SvPV_nolen, -SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, -SvSETMAGIC, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, -SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, -SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUNLOCK, SvUPGRADE, SvUV, -SvUVX, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, -sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_cmp, sv_dec, -sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, -sv_len, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, -sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, -sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, -sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, -sv_setuv_mg, sv_unref, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_vcatpvfn, -sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, U8 *s, utf8_to_bytes, warn, XPUSHi, -XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, -XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, -XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, -XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero +=item Multiple packages -=item AUTHORS +=back -=item SEE ALSO +=item DIAGNOSTICS =back -=head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B - Perl functions +=head2 B - The Perl Compiler -=over +=over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item SYNOPSIS -is_gv_magical +=item DESCRIPTION -=item AUTHORS +=item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES -=item SEE ALSO +=over 4 -=back +=item SV-RELATED CLASSES -=head2 perlhist - the Perl history records +=item B::SV METHODS -=over +REFCNT, FLAGS -=item DESCRIPTION +=item B::IV METHODS -=item INTRODUCTION +IV, IVX, needs64bits, packiv -=item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN +=item B::NV METHODS -=over +NV, NVX -=item PUMPKIN? +=item B::RV METHODS -=back +RV -=item THE RECORDS +=item B::PV METHODS -=over +PV -=item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES +=item B::PVMG METHODS -=item SELECTED PATCH SIZES +MAGIC, SvSTASH -=back +=item B::MAGIC METHODS -=item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS +MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR -=back +=item B::PVLV METHODS -=head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION +TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG -=head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated) +=item B::BM METHODS -=over +USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE -=item SYNOPSIS +=item B::GV METHODS -=item DESCRIPTION +is_empty, NAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN, LINE, FILE, +FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS -method, locked +=item B::IO METHODS -=back +LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV, +BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS -=head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour +=item B::AV METHODS -=over +FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS -=item SYNOPSIS +=item B::CV METHODS -=item DESCRIPTION +STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY, +CvFLAGS, const_sv -=back +=item B::HV METHODS -=head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes +FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY -=over +=item OP-RELATED CLASSES -=item SYNOPSIS +=item B::OP METHODS -=item DESCRIPTION +next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private -=over +=item B::UNOP METHOD -=item Built-in Attributes +first -locked, method, lvalue +=item B::BINOP METHOD -=item Available Subroutines +last -get, reftype +=item B::LOGOP METHOD -=item Package-specific Attribute Handling +other -FETCH_I_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I_ATTRIBUTES +=item B::LISTOP METHOD -=item Syntax of Attribute Lists +children -=back +=item B::PMOP METHODS -=item EXPORTS +pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp -=over +=item B::SVOP METHOD -=item Default exports +sv, gv -=item Available exports +=item B::PADOP METHOD -=item Export tags defined +padix -=back +=item B::PVOP METHOD -=item EXAMPLES +pv -=item SEE ALSO +=item B::LOOP METHODS -=back +redoop, nextop, lastop -=head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used +=item B::COP METHODS -=over +label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line -=item SYNOPSIS +=back -=item DESCRIPTION +=item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C -=item WARNING +main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes, +sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG), +walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM), +hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names =item AUTHOR -=item SEE ALSO - =back -=head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time +=head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate +bytecode -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item HISTORY - -=item SEE ALSO +=item AUTHOR =back -=head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package +=head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item BUGS - -=item AUTHOR +=item AUTHORS =back -=head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character -semantics +=head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item SEE ALSO +=item AUTHOR =back -=head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal -escape. +=head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS +=item OPTIONS + +B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>, +B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, +B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage> Stores package in the +output. =back + +=item EXAMPLES =item BUGS +=item AUTHORS + =back -=head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants +=head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item NOTES +=item OPTIONS -=item TECHNICAL NOTE +B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>, +B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>, B<-llimit> + +=item EXAMPLES =item BUGS =item AUTHOR -=item COPYRIGHT - =back -=head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning -diagnostics +=head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over - -=item The C Pragma - -=item The I Program +=item OPTIONS -=back +B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>, +B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>, +B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On> =item EXAMPLES -=item INTERNALS - =item BUGS -=item AUTHOR +=item DIFFERENCES -=back +=over 4 -=head2 fields - compile-time class fields +=item Loops -=over +=item Context of ".." -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Arithmetic -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Deprecated features -new, phash +=back -=item SEE ALSO +=item AUTHOR =back -=head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators +=head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=item OPTIONS -=item subpragma access +B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>, +B<-main>, B<-base>I, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>, +B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env> -=back +=item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS -=back +B<(x(>IB<;>IB<)x)>, B<(*(>IB<)*)>, +B<(*(>IB<;>IB<)*)>, B<(?(>IB<#>IIB<)?)>, +B<#>I, B<#>II, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>, +B<#classym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>, +B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphenseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>, +B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>, +B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>, +B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum> -=head2 integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of -double +=item ABBREVIATIONS -=over +=over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item OP flags abbreviations -=item DESCRIPTION +=item OP class abbreviations =back -=head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler - -=over - -=item SYNOPSIS - -=item DESCRIPTION +=item AUTHOR =back -=head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in -operations +=head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION +=item AUTHOR + =back -=head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output +=head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item UNIMPLEMENTED FUNCTIONALITY - -=item SEE ALSO +=item OPTIONS -=back +B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-u>I, B<-s>I, B, BI, +B, BIB<.>, B<-x>I -=head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations +=item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE -=over +=over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Synopsis -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Description -=over +=item new -=item Declaration of overloaded functions +=item coderef2text -=item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations +=back -FALSE, TRUE, C +=item BUGS -=item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations +=item AUTHOR -=item Calling Conventions for Mutators +=back -C<++> and C<-->, C and other assignment versions +=head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode -=item Overloadable Operations +=over 4 -I, I, I, -I, I, I, I, I, I +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Inheritance and overloading +=item DESCRIPTION -Strings as values of C directive, Overloading of an operation -is inherited by derived classes +=item AUTHOR =back -=item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C +=head2 B::Lint - Perl lint -=over +=over 4 -=item Last Resort +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Fallback +=item DESCRIPTION -C, TRUE, defined, but FALSE +=item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS -=item Copy Constructor +B, B and B, B, +B, B, B, B, B -B +=item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS -=back +B<-u Package> -=item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION +=item BUGS -I, I, -I, C, I, I, -I, I, I, I, -I +=item AUTHOR -=item Losing overloading +=back -=item Run-time Overloading +=head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends -=item Public functions +=over 4 -overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op) +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Overloading constants +=item DESCRIPTION -integer, float, binary, q, qr +=item CONVENTIONS =item IMPLEMENTATION -=item Metaphor clash +=item AUTHOR -=item Cookbook +=back -=over +=head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files -=item Two-face scalars +=over 4 -=item Two-face references +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Symbolic calculator +=item DESCRIPTION -=item I symbolic calculator +=item AUTHOR =back -=item AUTHOR +=head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend -=item DIAGNOSTICS +=over 4 -=item BUGS +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHOR =back -=head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling +=head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded -=over +=head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops + +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item OPTIONS +=item AUTHOR -=over +=back -=item SIGNAL HANDLERS +=head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs -B, B, B I +=over 4 -=item SIGNAL LISTS +=item SYNOPSIS -B, B, B +=item DESCRIPTION -=item OTHER +=item OPTIONS -B, B, I, I +C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]> -=back +=item BUGS -=item EXAMPLES +=item AUTHOR =back -=head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs +=head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -C, C, C +=item AUTHOR =back -=head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names +=head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=back +=over 4 -=head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 in source code +=item Methods -=over +new, debug, iters -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Standard Exports -=item DESCRIPTION +timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ), +timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr ( +TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] ) -=item SEE ALSO +=item Optional Exports + +clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [ +STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache ( +), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 ) =back -=head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete) +=item NOTES + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item INHERITANCE + +=item CAVEATS -=over +=item SEE ALSO -=item SYNOPSIS +=item AUTHORS -=item DESCRIPTION +=item MODIFICATION HISTORY =back -=head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings +=head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -use warnings::register, warnings::enabled([$category]), -warnings::warn([$category,] $message) +=item AUTHOR -=back +=item SEE ALSO -=head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION +=back -=head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs +=head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=item OPTIONS -=item DBM Comparisons +B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>, +B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, +B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage> Stores package in the +output. =back -[0], [1], [2], [3] +=item EXAMPLES -=back +=item BUGS -=item SEE ALSO +=item AUTHORS =back -=head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand +=head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS +=item ABSTRACT + =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 -=item Subroutine Stubs +=item PROGRAMMING STYLE -=item Using B's AUTOLOAD Subroutine +=item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES -=item Overriding B's AUTOLOAD Subroutine +=item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE): -=item Package Lexicals +=item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE -=item B vs. B +=item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY: -=back +=item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT: -=item CAVEATS +=item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER: -=item SEE ALSO +=item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER: -=back +=item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER: -=head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading +=item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE: -=over +=item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY: -=item SYNOPSIS +=item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS: -=item DESCRIPTION +=item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST: -$keep, $check, $modtime +=item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH: -=over +=item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE: -=item Multiple packages +=item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS -=back +=item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE -=item DIAGNOSTICS +B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>, +B<:standard>, B<:all> -=back +=item PRAGMAS -=head2 B - The Perl Compiler +-any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_xhtml, -nph, -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, +-autoload, -no_debug, -debug, -private_tempfiles -=over +=item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS -=item SYNOPSIS +1. start_table() (generates a tag), 2. end_table() (generates a +
tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a

    tag), 4. end_ul() (generates +a
tag) -=item DESCRIPTION +=back -=item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES +=item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS -=over +=over 4 -=item SV-RELATED CLASSES +=item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER: -=item B::SV METHODS +=item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER -REFCNT, FLAGS +=item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER -=item B::IV METHODS +B, 4, 5, 6.. -IV, IVX, needs64bits, packiv +=item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT: -=item B::NV METHODS +=item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION: -NV, NVX +=item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL -=item B::RV METHODS +B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query> +(B<-query_string>), B<-base> -RV +=item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS -=item B::PV METHODS +=back -PV +=item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS: -=item B::PVMG METHODS +=over 4 -MAGIC, SvSTASH +=item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS -=item B::MAGIC METHODS +=item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS -MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR +=item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION -=item B::PVLV METHODS +=item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS -TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG +=item AUTOESCAPING HTML -=item B::BM METHODS +$escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset = +charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]); -USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE +=item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML -=item B::GV METHODS +=back -is_empty, NAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN, LINE, FILE, -FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS +=item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS: -=item B::IO METHODS +=over 4 -LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV, -BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS +=item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG -=item B::AV METHODS +=item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM -FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS +B, B -=item B::CV METHODS +=item CREATING A TEXT FIELD -STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY, -CvFLAGS +B -=item B::HV METHODS +=item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD -FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY +=item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD -=item OP-RELATED CLASSES +=item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD -=item B::OP METHODS +B -next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private +=item CREATING A POPUP MENU -=item B::UNOP METHOD +=item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST -first +B -=item B::BINOP METHOD +=item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES -last +B -=item B::LOGOP METHOD +=item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX -other +B -=item B::LISTOP METHOD +=item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP -children +B -=item B::PMOP METHODS +=item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON -pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp +B -=item B::SVOP METHOD +=item CREATING A RESET BUTTON -sv, gv +=item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON -=item B::PADOP METHOD +=item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD -padix +B -=item B::PVOP METHOD +=item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON -pv +B -=item B::LOOP METHODS +=item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON -redoop, nextop, lastop +=back -=item B::COP METHODS +=item HTTP COOKIES -label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line +1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag, +B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure> -=back +=item WORKING WITH FRAMES -=item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C +1. Create a document, 2. Specify the destination for the +document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in +the
tag -main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes, -sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG), -walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM), -hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names +=item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS -=item AUTHOR +=item DEBUGGING -=back +=over 4 -=head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate -bytecode +=item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS -=over +=back -=item SYNOPSIS +=item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES -=item DESCRIPTION +B, B, B, B, +B, B, B, B, +B, B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, B -=item AUTHOR +=item USING NPH SCRIPTS -=back +In the B statement, By calling the B method:, By using B<-nph> +parameters -=head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode +=item Server Push -=over +multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end() -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks -=item DESCRIPTION +B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script +basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts> -=item AUTHORS +=item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL -=back +=item AUTHOR INFORMATION -=head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks +=item CREDITS -=over +Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor +(james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish , Mike Jewell +(mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg +(jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick +(applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis +(tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen +(tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim +MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks +(kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed +Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug +MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org), +...and many many more.. -=item SYNOPSIS +=item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT -=item DESCRIPTION +=item BUGS -=item AUTHOR +=item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend +=head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS -=item DESCRIPTION - -=item OPTIONS +=item ABSTRACT -B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>, -B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, -B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-Ppackage> Stores package in the -output. =back +=item DESCRIPTION -=item EXAMPLES +=item AUTHOR INFORMATION =item BUGS -=item AUTHORS +=item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend +=head2 CGI::Carp, B - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or +other) error log -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item OPTIONS +=item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES -B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>, -B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>, B<-llimit> +=item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW -=item EXAMPLES +=over 4 -=item BUGS +=item Changing the default message -=item AUTHOR +=back + +=item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS + +=item CHANGE LOG + +=item AUTHORS + +=item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend +=head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item OPTIONS +=item USING CGI::Cookie -B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>, -B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>, -B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On> +B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag> -=item EXAMPLES +=over 4 -=item BUGS +=item Creating New Cookies -=item DIFFERENCES +=item Sending the Cookie to the Browser -=over +=item Recovering Previous Cookies -=item Loops +=item Manipulating Cookies -=item Context of ".." +B, B, B, B, B -=item Arithmetic +=back -=item Deprecated features +=item AUTHOR INFORMATION -=back +=item BUGS -=item AUTHOR +=item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops +=head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item AUTHOR +=item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE -=back +=item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS -=head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code +=item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS -=over +=item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS -=item SYNOPSIS +=item CAVEATS -=item DESCRIPTION +=item AUTHOR INFORMATION -=item OPTIONS +=item BUGS -B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-u>I, B<-s>I, B, BI, -B, BIB<.> +=item SEE ALSO -=item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE +=back + +=head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code -=over +=over 4 -=item Synopsis +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Description +=item DESCRIPTION -=item new +=over 4 -=item coderef2text +=item Tags that won't be formatted + +=item Customizing the Indenting =back @@ -4717,513 +7683,775 @@ B, BIB<.> =item AUTHOR +=item SEE ALSO + =back -=head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode +=head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item AUTHOR - -=back - -=head2 B::Lint - Perl lint +=item USING CGI::Push -=over +-next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires -=item SYNOPSIS +=over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Heterogeneous Pages -=item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS +=item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly -B, B and B, B, -B, B, B, B, B +=back -=item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS +=item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS -B<-u Package> +=item AUTHOR INFORMATION =item BUGS -=item AUTHOR +=item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends +=head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS +=item ABSTRACT + =item DESCRIPTION -=item CONVENTIONS +=item AUTHOR INFORMATION -=item IMPLEMENTATION +=item BUGS -=item AUTHOR +=item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files +=head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item AUTHOR +=over 4 -=back +=item Interactive Mode -=head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend +Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test, +install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or +distribution, ls author, Signals -=over +=item CPAN::Shell -=item SYNOPSIS +=item autobundle -=item DESCRIPTION +=item recompile -=item AUTHOR +=item The four C Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution -=back +=item Programmer's interface + +expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples + +=item Methods in the other Classes + +CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(), +CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(), +CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(), +CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(), +CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(), +CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(), +CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(), +CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(), +CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(), +CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(), +CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(), +CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(), +CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(), +CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(), +CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(), +CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(), +CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(), +CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(), +CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(), +CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(), +CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args), +CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(), +CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(), +CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(), +CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(), +CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid() -=head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops +=item Cache Manager + +=item Bundles -=over +=item Prerequisites -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Finding packages and VERSION -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Debugging -=item AUTHOR +=item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode =back -=head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs +=item CONFIGURATION -=over +Cscalar optionE>, Cscalar optionE +EvalueE>, Clist optionE>, Clist +optionE [shift|pop]>, Clist optionE +[unshift|push|splice] ElistE> -=item SYNOPSIS +=over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Note on urllist parameter's format -=item OPTIONS +=item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support -C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]> +=back -=item BUGS +=item SECURITY -=item AUTHOR +=item EXPORT -=back +=item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES -=head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code +=item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS -=over +=over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Three basic types of firewalls -=item DESCRIPTION +http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade -=over +=item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall -=item Methods +=back -new, debug, iters +=item FAQ -=item Standard Exports +1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10) -timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ), -timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr ( -TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] ) +=item BUGS -=item Optional Exports +=item AUTHOR -clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [ -STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache ( -), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 ) +=item TRANSLATIONS + +=item SEE ALSO =back -=item NOTES +=head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization -=item EXAMPLES +=over 4 -=item INHERITANCE +=item SYNOPSIS -=item CAVEATS +=item DESCRIPTION -=item SEE ALSO +=back -=item AUTHORS +=head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS +module -=item MODIFICATION HISTORY +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code +=head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller) -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item AUTHOR +=over 4 -=item SEE ALSO +=item Forcing a Stack Trace =back -=head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class +=item BUGS -=over +=back -=item SYNOPSIS +=head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside -=item ABSTRACT +=head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 -=item PROGRAMMING STYLE +=item The C function -=item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES +=item Class Creation at Compile Time -1. Use another name for the argument, if one is available. For example, --value is an alias for -values, 2. Change the capitalization, e.g. -Values, -3. Put quotes around the argument name, e.g. '-values' +=item Element Types and Accessor Methods -=item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE): +Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or +C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>) -=item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE +=item Initializing with C -=item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY: +=back -=item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT: +=item EXAMPLES -=item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER: +Example 1, Example 2, Example 3 -=item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER: +=item Author and Modification History -=item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER: +=back -=item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE: +=head2 Config - access Perl configuration information -=item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY: +=over 4 -=item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS: +=item SYNOPSIS -=item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST: +=item DESCRIPTION -=item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH: +myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names) -=item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE: +=item EXAMPLE -=item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS +=item WARNING -=item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE +=item GLOSSARY + +=over 4 + +=item _ + +C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o> + +=item a + +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C + +=item b + +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C + +=item c + +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C + +=item C + +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C + +=item d + +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C + +=item e + +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C + +=item f + +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C + +=item g + +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C + +=item h + +C, C, C, C + +=item i + +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C + +=item k + +C, C + +=item l + +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C + +=item m + +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C + +=item M + +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C + +=item n -B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>, -B<:standard>, B<:all> +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C -=item PRAGMAS +=item o --any, -compile, -nosticky, -nph, -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, --no_debug, -debug, -private_tempfiles +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C -=item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS +=item p -1. start_table() (generates a tag), 2. end_table() (generates a -
tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a
    tag), 4. end_ul() (generates -a
tag) +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C -=back +=item P -=item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C -=over +=item q -=item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER: +C, C -=item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER +=item r -=item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C -B, 4, 5, 6.. +=item s -=item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT: +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C + +=item t + +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C + +=item u -=item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION: +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C -=item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL +=item v -B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query> -(B<-query_string>) +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C -=item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS +=item x -=back +C, C -=item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS: +=item z -=over +C, C -=item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS +=back -=item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS +=item NOTE -=item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION +=back -=item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS +=head2 Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory -=item AUTOESCAPING HTML +=over 4 -$escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset = -charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]); +=item SYNOPSIS -=item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML +=item DESCRIPTION =back -=item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS: +=head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft, +subject to +change) -=over +=over 4 -=item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG +=item SYNOPSIS -=item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM +=item DESCRIPTION -B, B +=over 4 -=item CREATING A TEXT FIELD +=item Global Variables -B + $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args, +@DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname, +$DB::lineno -=item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD +=item API Methods -=item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD +CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'), +CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done() -=item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD +=item Client Callback Methods -B +CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(), +CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(), +CLIENT->output(LIST) -=item CREATING A POPUP MENU +=back -=item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST +=item BUGS -B +=item AUTHOR -=item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES +=back -B +=head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x -=item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX +=over 4 -B +=item SYNOPSIS -=item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP +=item DESCRIPTION -B +B, B, B -=item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON +=over 4 -B +=item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or 3 -=item CREATING A RESET BUTTON +=item Interface to Berkeley DB -=item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON +=item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File -=item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD +=item Default Parameters -B +=item In Memory Databases -=item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON +=back -B, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment -type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE +=item DB_HASH -=item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON +=over 4 + +=item A Simple Example =back -=item HTTP COOKIES +=item DB_BTREE -1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag, -B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure> +=over 4 -=item WORKING WITH FRAMES +=item Changing the BTREE sort order -1. Create a document, 2. Specify the destination for the -document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in -the tag +=item Handling Duplicate Keys -=item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS +=item The get_dup() Method -=item DEBUGGING +=item The find_dup() Method -=over +=item The del_dup() Method -=item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS +=item Matching Partial Keys =back -=item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES +=item DB_RECNO -B, B, B, B, -B, B, B Return the script -name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, B, B, B, B, B, -B, B, B, B, -B, B +=over 4 -=item USING NPH SCRIPTS +=item The 'bval' Option -In the B statement, By calling the B method:, By using B<-nph> -parameters in the B and B statements: +=item A Simple Example -=item Server Push +=item Extra RECNO Methods -multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end() +B<$X-Epush(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-Epop ;>, B<$X-Eshift>, +B<$X-Eunshift(list) ;>, B<$X-Elength> -=item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks +=item Another Example -B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script -basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts> +=back -=item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL +=item THE API INTERFACE -=item AUTHOR INFORMATION +B<$status = $X-Eget($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = +$X-Eput($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-Edel($key [, +$flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-Efd ;>, B<$status = $X-Eseq($key, +$value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-Esync([$flags]) ;> -=item CREDITS +=item DBM FILTERS -Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor -(james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish , Mike Jewell -(mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg -(jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick -(applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis -(tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen -(tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim -MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks -(kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed -Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug -MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org), -...and many many more.. +B, B, B, +B -=item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT +=over 4 -=item BUGS +=item The Filter -=item SEE ALSO +=item An Example -- the NULL termination problem. -=back +=item Another Example -- Key is a C int. -=head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm +=back -=over +=item HINTS AND TIPS -=item SYNOPSIS +=over 4 -=item ABSTRACT +=item Locking: The Trouble with fd -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Safe ways to lock a database -=item AUTHOR INFORMATION +B, B, B -=item BUGS +=item Sharing Databases With C Applications -=item SEE ALSO +=item The untie() Gotcha =back -=head2 CGI::Carp, B - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or -other) error log +=item COMMON QUESTIONS -=over +=over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Why is there Perl source in my database? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File? -=item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES +=item What does "Invalid Argument" mean? -=item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW +=item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean? -=over +=back -=item Changing the default message +=item REFERENCES -=back +=item HISTORY -=item CHANGE LOG +=item BUGS -=item AUTHORS +=item AVAILABILITY + +=item COPYRIGHT =item SEE ALSO +=item AUTHOR + =back -=head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies +=head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both +printing and C -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item USING CGI::Cookie +=over 4 -B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag> +=item Methods + +I->new(I, I), I<$OBJ>->Dump I +I->Dump(I, I), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>), +I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>), +I<$OBJ>->Reset -=over +=item Functions -=item Creating New Cookies +Dumper(I) -=item Sending the Cookie to the Browser +=item Configuration Variables or Methods -=item Recovering Previous Cookies +$Data::Dumper::Indent I I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>), +$Data::Dumper::Purity I I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>), +$Data::Dumper::Pad I I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>), +$Data::Dumper::Varname I I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>), +$Data::Dumper::Useqq I I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>), +$Data::Dumper::Terse I I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>), +$Data::Dumper::Freezer I $I->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>), +$Data::Dumper::Toaster I $I->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>), +$Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I $I->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>), +$Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I $I->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>), +$Data::Dumper::Bless I $I->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>), +$Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I $I->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>) -=item Manipulating Cookies +=item Exports -B, B, B, B, B +Dumper =back -=item AUTHOR INFORMATION +=item EXAMPLES =item BUGS +=item AUTHOR + +=item VERSION + =item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI +=head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE - -=item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS - -=item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS - -=item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS +=item PROFILE FORMAT -=item CAVEATS +=item AUTOLOAD -=item AUTHOR INFORMATION +=item ENVIRONMENT =item BUGS @@ -5231,22 +8459,46 @@ B, B, B, B, B =back -=head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code +=head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS -=item DESCRIPTION +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Memory footprint debugging + +=back + +=item EXAMPLES + +=over 4 + +=item A simple scalar string + +=item A simple scalar number + +=item A simple scalar with an extra reference + +=item A reference to a simple scalar + +=item A reference to an array + +=item A reference to a hash -=over +=item Dumping a large array or hash -=item Tags that won't be formatted +=item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer -=item Customizing the Indenting +=item A reference to a subroutine =back +=item EXPORTS + =item BUGS =item AUTHOR @@ -5255,770 +8507,694 @@ B, B, B, B, B =back -=head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push +=head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item USING CGI::Push - --next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires - -=over - -=item Heterogeneous Pages - -=item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly - =back -=item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS +=head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles -=item AUTHOR INFORMATION +=over 4 -=item BUGS +=item SYNOPSIS -=item SEE ALSO +=item DESCRIPTION =back -=head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch +=head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data. -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS -=item ABSTRACT - =item DESCRIPTION -=item AUTHOR INFORMATION +=over 4 -=item BUGS +=item Creation -=item SEE ALSO +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit, +stopDbSignal -=back +=item Methods -=head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites +dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump, +veryCompact, set, get -=over +=back -=item SYNOPSIS +=back -=item DESCRIPTION +=head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code -=over +=over 4 -=item Interactive Mode +=item SYNOPSIS -Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test, -install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or -distribution, Signals +=item DESCRIPTION -=item CPAN::Shell +@dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs, +@dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(), +dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(), +dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(), +bootstrap() -=item autobundle +=item AUTHOR -=item recompile +=back -=item The four C Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution +=head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into +Perl code -=item ProgrammerE<39>s interface +=over 4 -expand($type,@things), Programming Examples +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Methods in the four Classes +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Cache Manager +=item AUTHOR -=item Bundles +=back -=item Prerequisites +=head2 Encode - character encodings -=item Finding packages and VERSION +=over 4 -=item Debugging +=item TERMINOLOGY -=item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode +=item bytes -=back +=item chars -=item CONFIGURATION +=item chars With Encoding -Cscalar optionE>, Cscalar optionE -EvalueE>, Clist optionE>, Clist -optionE [shift|pop]>, Clist optionE -[unshift|push|splice] ElistE> +=item Testing For UTF-8 -=over +=item Toggling UTF-8-ness -=item Note on urllist parameter's format +=item UTF-16 and UTF-32 Encodings -=item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support +=item Handling Malformed Data =back -=item SECURITY +=head2 Encode::EncodeFormat, EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables +of the Encode extension -=item EXPORT +=over 4 -=item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES +=item DESCRIPTION -=item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS +[1] B, [2] B, [3] B, [4] B -http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade +=item KEYWORDS -=item BUGS +=item COPYRIGHT -=item AUTHOR +=back -=item SEE ALSO +=head2 EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables of the Encode extension -=back +=over 4 -=head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization +=item DESCRIPTION -=over +[1] B, [2] B, [3] B, [4] B -=item SYNOPSIS +=item KEYWORDS -=item DESCRIPTION +=item COPYRIGHT =back -=head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS -module +=head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation +variables -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item SEE ALSO +=item PERFORMANCE =back -=head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller) +=head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or +arrays -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=item LIMITATIONS -=item Forcing a Stack Trace +=item AUTHOR =back -=item BUGS +=head2 Errno - System errno constants -=back +=over 4 -=head2 Carp::Heavy - Carp guts +=item SYNOPSIS -=over +=item DESCRIPTION -=item SYNOPIS +=item CAVEATS -=item DESCRIPTION +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT =back -=head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes +=head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 -=item The C function +=item How to Export -=item Element Types and Accessor Methods +=item Selecting What To Export -Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or -C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>) +=item Specialised Import Lists -=item Initializing with C +=item Exporting without using Export's import method -=back +=item Module Version Checking -=item EXAMPLES +=item Managing Unknown Symbols -Example 1, Example 2, Example 3 +=item Tag Handling Utility Functions -=item Author and Modification History +=back =back -=head2 Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory +=head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts -=over +=over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item SYNOPIS =item DESCRIPTION =back -=head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft, -subject to -change) +=head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in +Makefiles etc. -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over - -=item Global Variables - - $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args, -@DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname, -$DB::lineno - -=item API Methods - -CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'), -CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done() - -=item Client Callback Methods - -CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(), -CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(), -CLIENT->output(LIST) - =back -=item BUGS +cat -=item AUTHOR +eqtime src dst -=back +rm_f files... -=head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x +rm_f files... -=over +touch files .. -=item SYNOPSIS +mv source... destination -=item DESCRIPTION +cp source... destination -B, B, B +chmod mode files.. -=over +mkpath directory.. -=item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or 3 +test_f file -=item Interface to Berkeley DB +=over 4 -=item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File +=item BUGS -=item Default Parameters +=item SEE ALSO -=item In Memory Databases +=item AUTHOR =back -=item DB_HASH - -=over - -=item A Simple Example +=head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications -=back +=over 4 -=item DB_BTREE +=item SYNOPSIS -=over +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Changing the BTREE sort order +=item @EXPORT -=item Handling Duplicate Keys +=item FUNCTIONS -=item The get_dup() Method +xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(), +ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules) -=item The find_dup() Method +=item EXAMPLES -=item The del_dup() Method +=item SEE ALSO -=item Matching Partial Keys +=item AUTHOR =back -=item DB_RECNO - -=over - -=item The 'bval' Option - -=item A Simple Example +=head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there -=item Extra RECNO Methods +=over 4 -B<$X-Epush(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-Epop ;>, B<$X-Eshift>, -B<$X-Eunshift(list) ;>, B<$X-Elength> +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Another Example +=item DESCRIPTION =back -=item THE API INTERFACE - -B<$status = $X-Eget($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = -$X-Eput($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-Edel($key [, -$flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-Efd ;>, B<$status = $X-Eseq($key, -$value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-Esync([$flags]) ;> - -=item DBM FILTERS - -B, B, B, -B - -=over +=head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules -=item The Filter +=over 4 -=item An Example -- the NULL termination problem. +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Another Example -- Key is a C int. +=item DESCRIPTION -=back +=item USAGE -=item HINTS AND TIPS +=item FUNCTIONS -=over +new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(), +packlist(), version() -=item Locking: The Trouble with fd +=item EXAMPLE -=item Safe ways to lock a database +=item AUTHOR -B, B, B +=back -=item Sharing Databases With C Applications +=head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them -=item The untie() Gotcha +=over 4 -=back +=item SYNOPSIS -=item COMMON QUESTIONS +=item DESCRIPTION -=over +For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions -=item Why is there Perl source in my database? +=over 4 -=item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File? +=item EXTRALIBS -=item What does "Invalid Argument" mean? +=item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH -=item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean? +=item BSLOADLIBS =back -=item REFERENCES +=item PORTABILITY -=item HISTORY +=over 4 -=item BUGS +=item VMS implementation -=item AVAILABILITY +=item Win32 implementation -=item COPYRIGHT +=back =item SEE ALSO -=item AUTHOR - =back -=head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both -printing and C +=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in +ExtUtils::MakeMaker -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive -=item Methods +=back -I->new(I, I), I<$OBJ>->Dump I -I->Dump(I, I), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>), -I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>), -I<$OBJ>->Reset +=head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in +ExtUtils::MakeMaker -=item Functions +=over 4 -Dumper(I) +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Configuration Variables or Methods +=item DESCRIPTION -$Data::Dumper::Indent I I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Purity I I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Pad I I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Varname I I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Useqq I I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Terse I I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Freezer I $I->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Toaster I $I->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I $I->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I $I->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Bless I $I->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I $I->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>) +=back -=item Exports +=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker -Dumper +=over 4 -=back +=item SYNOPSIS -=item EXAMPLES +=item DESCRIPTION -=item BUGS +=item METHODS -=item AUTHOR +=over 4 -=item VERSION +=item Preloaded methods -=item SEE ALSO +canonpath =back -=head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler +=back -=over +catdir -=item SYNOPSIS +catfile -=item DESCRIPTION +curdir -=item PROFILE FORMAT +rootdir -=item AUTOLOAD +updir -=item ENVIRONMENT +=over 4 -=item BUGS +=item SelfLoaded methods -=item SEE ALSO +c_o (o) =back -=head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer +cflags (o) -=over +clean (o) -=item SYNOPSIS +const_cccmd (o) -=item DESCRIPTION +const_config (o) -=item EXAMPLES +const_loadlibs (o) -=over +constants (o) -=item A simple scalar string +depend (o) -=item A simple scalar number +dir_target (o) -=item A simple scalar with an extra reference +dist (o) -=item A reference to a simple scalar +dist_basics (o) -=item A reference to an array +dist_ci (o) -=item A reference to a hash +dist_core (o) -=item Dumping a large array or hash +dist_dir (o) -=item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer +dist_test (o) -=item A reference to a subroutine +dlsyms (o) -=back +dynamic (o) -=item EXPORTS +dynamic_bs (o) -=item BUGS +dynamic_lib (o) -=item AUTHOR +exescan -=item SEE ALSO +extliblist -=back +file_name_is_absolute -=head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module +find_perl -=over +=over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile -=item DESCRIPTION +fixin =back -=head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles - -=over - -=item SYNOPSIS - -=item DESCRIPTION +force (o) -=back +guess_name -=head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data. +has_link_code -=over +htmlifypods (o) -=item SYNOPSIS +init_dirscan -=item DESCRIPTION +init_main -=over +init_others -=item Creation +install (o) -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit, -stopDbSignal +installbin (o) -=item Methods +libscan (o) -dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump, -veryCompact, set, get +linkext (o) -=back +lsdir -=back +macro (o) -=head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation -variables +makeaperl (o) -=over +makefile (o) -=item SYNOPSIS +manifypods (o) -=item DESCRIPTION +maybe_command -=item PERFORMANCE +maybe_command_in_dirs -=back +needs_linking (o) -=head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or -arrays +nicetext -=over +parse_version -=item SYNOPSIS +parse_abstract -=item DESCRIPTION +pasthru (o) -=item LIMITATIONS +path -=item AUTHOR +perl_script -=back +perldepend (o) -=head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules +ppd -=over +perm_rw (o) -=item SYNOPSIS +perm_rwx (o) -=item DESCRIPTION +pm_to_blib -=over +post_constants (o) -=item How to Export +post_initialize (o) -=item Selecting What To Export +postamble (o) -=item Specialised Import Lists +prefixify -=item Constants can be inlined +processPL (o) -=item Exporting without using Export's import method +realclean (o) -=item Module Version Checking +replace_manpage_separator -=item Managing Unknown Symbols +static (o) -=item Tag Handling Utility Functions +static_lib (o) -=back +staticmake (o) -=back +subdir_x (o) -=head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts +subdirs (o) -=over +test (o) -=item SYNOPIS +test_via_harness (o) -=item DESCRIPTION +test_via_script (o) -=back +tool_autosplit (o) -=head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in -Makefiles etc. +tools_other (o) -=over +tool_xsubpp (o) -=item SYNOPSIS +top_targets (o) -=item DESCRIPTION +writedoc -=back +xs_c (o) -cat +xs_cpp (o) -eqtime src dst +xs_o (o) -rm_f files... +perl_archive -rm_f files... +export_list -touch files .. +=over 4 -mv source... destination +=item SEE ALSO -cp source... destination +=back -chmod mode files.. +=head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in +ExtUtils::MakeMaker -mkpath directory.. +=over 4 -test_f file +=item SYNOPSIS -=over +=item DESCRIPTION -=item BUGS +=over 4 -=item SEE ALSO +=item Methods always loaded -=item AUTHOR +wraplist =back -=head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications +=back -=over +rootdir (override) -=item SYNOPSIS +=over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item SelfLoaded methods -=item @EXPORT +guess_name (override) -=item FUNCTIONS +=back -xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(), -ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules) +find_perl (override) -=item EXAMPLES +path (override) -=item SEE ALSO +maybe_command (override) -=item AUTHOR +maybe_command_in_dirs (override) -=back +perl_script (override) -=head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there +file_name_is_absolute (override) -=over +replace_manpage_separator -=item SYNOPSIS +init_others (override) -=item DESCRIPTION +constants (override) -=back +cflags (override) -=head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules +const_cccmd (override) -=over +pm_to_blib (override) -=item SYNOPSIS +tool_autosplit (override) -=item DESCRIPTION +tool_sxubpp (override) -=item USAGE +xsubpp_version (override) -=item FUNCTIONS +tools_other (override) -new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(), -packlist(), version() +dist (override) -=item EXAMPLE +c_o (override) -=item AUTHOR +xs_c (override) -=back +xs_o (override) -=head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them +top_targets (override) -=over +dlsyms (override) -=item SYNOPSIS +dynamic_lib (override) -=item DESCRIPTION +dynamic_bs (override) -For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions +static_lib (override) -=over +manifypods (override) -=item EXTRALIBS +processPL (override) -=item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH +installbin (override) -=item BSLOADLIBS +subdir_x (override) -=back +clean (override) -=item PORTABILITY +realclean (override) -=over +dist_basics (override) -=item VMS implementation +dist_core (override) -=item Win32 implementation +dist_dir (override) -=back +dist_test (override) -=item SEE ALSO +install (override) -=back +perldepend (override) -=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in -ExtUtils::MakeMaker +makefile (override) -=over +test (override) -=item SYNOPSIS +test_via_harness (override) -=item DESCRIPTION +test_via_script (override) -canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive +makeaperl (override) -=back +nicetext (override) -=head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in +=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6026,479 +9202,491 @@ ExtUtils::MakeMaker =back -=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker - -=over - -=item SYNOPSIS +catfile -=item DESCRIPTION +constants (o) -=item METHODS +static_lib (o) -=over +dynamic_bs (o) -=item Preloaded methods +dynamic_lib (o) canonpath -=back +perl_script -=back +pm_to_blib -catdir +test_via_harness (o) -catfile +tool_autosplit (override) -curdir +tools_other (o) -rootdir +xs_o (o) -updir +top_targets (o) -=over +htmlifypods (o) -=item SelfLoaded methods +manifypods (o) -c_o (o) +dist_ci (o) -=back +dist_core (o) -cflags (o) +pasthru (o) -clean (o) +=head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile -const_cccmd (o) +=over 4 -const_config (o) +=item SYNOPSIS -const_loadlibs (o) +=item DESCRIPTION -constants (o) +=over 4 -depend (o) +=item How To Write A Makefile.PL -dir_target (o) +=item Default Makefile Behaviour -dist (o) +=item make test -dist_basics (o) +=item make testdb -dist_ci (o) +=item make install -dist_core (o) +=item PREFIX and LIB attribute -dist_dir (o) +=item AFS users -dist_test (o) +=item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary -dlsyms (o) +=item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations -dynamic (o) +=item Which architecture dependent directory? -dynamic_bs (o) +=item Using Attributes and Parameters -dynamic_lib (o) +ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CAPI, CCFLAGS, CONFIG, +CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT, +EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS, +HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, +INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR, +INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, +INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, +INST_EXE, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, +INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE, +MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME, +NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC, +PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX, +PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC, +PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, +VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION -exescan +=item Additional lowercase attributes -extliblist +clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test, +tool_autosplit -file_name_is_absolute +=item Overriding MakeMaker Methods -find_perl +=item Hintsfile support -=over +=item Distribution Support -=item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile + make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest, + make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make +shdist, make zipdist, make ci -fixin +=item Disabling an extension =back -force (o) +=item ENVIRONMENT -guess_name +PERL_MM_OPT -has_link_code +=item SEE ALSO -htmlifypods (o) +=item AUTHORS -init_dirscan +=back -init_main +=head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file -init_others +=over 4 -install (o) +=item SYNOPSIS -installbin (o) +=item DESCRIPTION -libscan (o) +=item MANIFEST.SKIP -linkext (o) +=item EXPORT_OK -lsdir +=item GLOBAL VARIABLES -macro (o) +=item DIAGNOSTICS -makeaperl (o) +C I, C I, C I<$!>, +C I -makefile (o) +=item ENVIRONMENT -manifypods (o) +B -maybe_command +=item SEE ALSO -maybe_command_in_dirs +=item AUTHOR -needs_linking (o) +=back -nicetext +=head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c -parse_version +=over 4 -parse_abstract +=item SYNOPSIS -pasthru (o) +=item DESCRIPTION -path +=item SEE ALSO -perl_script +=back -perldepend (o) +=head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader -ppd +=over 4 -perm_rw (o) +=item SYNOPSIS -perm_rwx (o) +=item DESCRIPTION -pm_to_blib +=back -post_constants (o) +=head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic +extension -post_initialize (o) +=over 4 -postamble (o) +=item SYNOPSIS -prefixify +=item DESCRIPTION -processPL (o) +DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME -realclean (o) +=item AUTHOR + +=item REVISION -replace_manpage_separator +=back -static (o) +=head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files -static_lib (o) +=over 4 -staticmake (o) +=item SYNOPSIS -subdir_x (o) +=item DESCRIPTION -subdirs (o) +=item USAGE -test (o) +=item FUNCTIONS -test_via_harness (o) +new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file() -test_via_script (o) +=item EXAMPLE -tool_autosplit (o) +=item AUTHOR -tools_other (o) +=back -tool_xsubpp (o) +=head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC -top_targets (o) +=over 4 -writedoc +=item SYNOPSIS -xs_c (o) +=item DESCRIPTION -xs_cpp (o) +=back -xs_o (o) +=head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die -perl_archive +=over 4 -export_list +=item SYNOPSIS -=over +=item DESCRIPTION -=item SEE ALSO +=item AUTHOR =back -=head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in -ExtUtils::MakeMaker +=head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over - -=item Methods always loaded - -wraplist +=item NOTE -=back +=item EXPORTED SYMBOLS =back -rootdir (override) +=head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces -=over +=over 4 -=item SelfLoaded methods +=item SYNOPSIS -guess_name (override) +=item DESCRIPTION -=back +fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse -find_perl (override) +=item EXAMPLES -path (override) +C, C -maybe_command (override) +=back -maybe_command_in_dirs (override) +=head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree -perl_script (override) +=over 4 -file_name_is_absolute (override) +=item SYNOPSIS -replace_manpage_separator +=item DESCRIPTION -init_others (override) +=back -constants (override) +=head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles -cflags (override) +=over 4 -const_cccmd (override) +=item SYNOPSIS -pm_to_blib (override) +=item DESCRIPTION -tool_autosplit (override) +=item RETURN -tool_sxubpp (override) +=item AUTHOR -xsubpp_version (override) +=back -tools_other (override) +=head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles -dist (override) +=over 4 -c_o (override) +=item SYNOPSIS -xs_c (override) +=item DESCRIPTION -xs_o (override) +=over 4 -top_targets (override) +=item Special behaviour if C is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32) -dlsyms (override) +rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag]) -dynamic_lib (override) +=back -dynamic_bs (override) +=item RETURN -static_lib (override) +=item AUTHOR -manifypods (override) +=back -processPL (override) +=head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some -installbin (override) +=over 4 -subdir_x (override) +=item SYNOPSIS -clean (override) +=item DESCRIPTION -realclean (override) +=item EXPORTS (by request only) -dist_basics (override) +=item BUGS -dist_core (override) +=item AUTHOR -dist_dir (override) +=item HISTORY -dist_test (override) +=item SEE ALSO -install (override) +=back -perldepend (override) +=head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree -makefile (override) +=over 4 -test (override) +=item SYNOPSIS -test_via_harness (override) +=item DESCRIPTION -test_via_script (override) +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C -makeaperl (override) +=item CAVEAT -nicetext (override) +=back -=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in -ExtUtils::MakeMaker +=head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=back +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C -catfile +=item DIAGNOSTICS -constants (o) +C, C -static_lib (o) +=item NOTES -dynamic_bs (o) +=item AUTHOR -dynamic_lib (o) +=back -canonpath +=head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees -perl_script +=over 4 -pm_to_blib +=item SYNOPSIS -test_via_harness (o) +=item DESCRIPTION -tool_autosplit (override) +=item AUTHORS -tools_other (o) +=back -xs_o (o) +=head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names -top_targets (o) +=over 4 -htmlifypods (o) +=item SYNOPSIS -manifypods (o) +=item DESCRIPTION -dist_ci (o) +=item SEE ALSO -dist_core (o) +=item AUTHORS -pasthru (o) +=back -=head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile +=head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +devnull -=item How To Write A Makefile.PL +=back -=item Default Makefile Behaviour +tmpdir -=item make test +path -=item make testdb +canonpath -=item make install +splitpath -=item PREFIX and LIB attribute +splitdir -=item AFS users +catpath -=item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary +abs2rel -=item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations +rel2abs -=item Which architecture dependent directory? +=over 4 -=item Using Attributes and Parameters +=item SEE ALSO -AUTHOR, ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CAPI, CCFLAGS, CONFIG, -CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT, -EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS, -HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, -INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR, -INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, -INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, -INST_EXE, INST_LIB, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_MAN1DIR, -INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, PERL_MALLOC_OK, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, -LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, -NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, -PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, -PM, PMLIBDIRS, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC, PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, -PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, -XS_VERSION +=back -=item Additional lowercase attributes +=head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names -clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test, -tool_autosplit +=over 4 -=item Overriding MakeMaker Methods +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Hintsfile support +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Distribution Support +=over 4 - make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest, - make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make -shdist, make zipdist, make ci +=item Exports -=item Disabling an extension +=back + +=item SEE ALSO =back -=item ENVIRONMENT +=head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS -PERL_MM_OPT +=over 4 -=item SEE ALSO +=item SYNOPSIS -=item AUTHORS +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item METHODS + +canonpath =back -=head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file +catdir -=over +catfile -=item SYNOPSIS +curdir -=item DESCRIPTION +devnull -=item MANIFEST.SKIP +rootdir -=item EXPORT_OK +tmpdir + +updir + +file_name_is_absolute + +path + +splitpath + +splitdir + +catpath -=item GLOBAL VARIABLES +abs2rel -=item DIAGNOSTICS +rel2abs -C I, C I, C I<$!>, -C I +=over 4 =item SEE ALSO -=item AUTHOR - =back -=head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader +=head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6506,714 +9694,744 @@ C I =back -=head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic -extension +=head2 File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME - -=item AUTHOR +=item METHODS -=item REVISION +canonpath =back -=head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files - -=over +catdir -=item SYNOPSIS +catfile -=item DESCRIPTION +curdir -=item USAGE +devnull -=item FUNCTIONS +rootdir -new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file() +tmpdir -=item EXAMPLE +updir -=item AUTHOR +no_upwards -=back +case_tolerant -=head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC +file_name_is_absolute -=over +path -=item SYNOPSIS +join -=item DESCRIPTION +splitpath -=back +splitdir -=head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die +catpath -=over +abs2rel -=item SYNOPSIS +rel2abs -=item DESCRIPTION +=over 4 -=item AUTHOR +=item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines +=head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item NOTE - -=item EXPORTED SYMBOLS +eliminate_macros =back -=head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces - -=over - -=item SYNOPSIS - -=item DESCRIPTION +fixpath -fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse +=over 4 -=item EXAMPLES +=item Methods always loaded -C, C +canonpath (override) =back -=head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree +catdir -=over +catfile -=item SYNOPSIS +curdir (override) -=item DESCRIPTION +devnull (override) -=back +rootdir (override) -=head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles +tmpdir (override) -=over +updir (override) -=item SYNOPSIS +case_tolerant (override) -=item DESCRIPTION +path (override) -=item RETURN +file_name_is_absolute (override) -=item AUTHOR +splitpath (override) -=back +splitdir (override) -=head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles +catpath (override) -=over +abs2rel (override) -=item SYNOPSIS +rel2abs (override) -=item DESCRIPTION +=over 4 -=over +=item SEE ALSO -=item Special behaviour if C is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32) +=back -rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag]) +=head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs -=back +=over 4 -=item RETURN +=item SYNOPSIS -=item AUTHOR +=item DESCRIPTION -=back +devnull -=head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some +=back -=over +tmpdir -=item SYNOPSIS +catfile -=item DESCRIPTION +canonpath -=item EXPORTS (by request only) +splitpath -=item BUGS +splitdir -=item AUTHOR +catpath -=item HISTORY +=over 4 =item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree +=head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely + +=over 4 -=over +=item PORTABILITY =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C +=back + +=over 4 -=item CAVEAT +=item FUNCTIONS + +B =back -=head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine +B -=over +=over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS -=item DESCRIPTION +B -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C +=back -=item DIAGNOSTICS +B -C, C +B -=item NOTES +B -=item AUTHOR +=over 4 -=back +=item POSIX FUNCTIONS -=head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees +B -=over +=back -=item SYNOPSIS +B -=item DESCRIPTION +=over 4 -=item AUTHORS +=item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS + +B =back -=head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names +=over 4 -=over +=item UTILITY FUNCTIONS -=item SYNOPSIS +B -=item DESCRIPTION +=back -=item SEE ALSO +=over 4 -=item AUTHORS +=item PACKAGE VARIABLES -=back +B, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH -=head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names +=back -=over +TopSystemUID -=item SYNOPSIS +=over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item WARNING -=over +=over 4 -=item Exports +=item Temporary files and NFS =back +=item HISTORY + =item SEE ALSO +=item AUTHOR + =back -=head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS +=head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item METHODS +=item NOTE -canonpath +=item AUTHOR =back -catdir - -catfile - -curdir - -devnull - -rootdir +=head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits -tmpdir +=over 4 -updir +=item SYNOPSIS -file_name_is_absolute +=item DESCRIPTION -path +=item BUGS -splitpath +=back -splitdir +=head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles -catpath +=over 4 -abs2rel +=item SYNOPSIS -rel2abs +=item DESCRIPTION -=over +$fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines =item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs +=head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=back +=over 4 -=head2 File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec +=item The Problem -=over +=item A Solution -=item SYNOPSIS +=item How it works -=item DESCRIPTION +=back -=item METHODS +=item AUTHOR -canonpath +=item COPYRIGHT =back -catdir +=head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module -catfile +=over 4 -curdir +=item SYNOPSIS -devnull + use Filter::Util::Call ; -rootdir +=item DESCRIPTION -tmpdir +=over 4 -updir +=item B -no_upwards +=item B -case_tolerant +=item B -file_name_is_absolute +B<$_>, B<$status>, B and B, B -path +=back -join +=item EXAMPLES -splitpath +=over 4 -splitdir +=item Example 1: A simple filter. -catpath +=item Example 2: Using the context -abs2rel +=item Example 3: Using the context within the filter -rel2abs +=item Example 4: Using filter_del + +=back -=over +=item AUTHOR -=item SEE ALSO +=item DATE =back -=head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs +=head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -eliminate_macros +=item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES -=back +=item KNOWN BUGS -fixpath +=item AUTHORS -=over +=item COPYRIGHT -=item Methods always loaded +=back -canonpath (override) +=head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library. -=back +=over 4 -catdir +=item SYNOPSIS -catfile +=item DESCRIPTION -curdir (override) +=item AVAILABILITY -devnull (override) +=item BUGS -rootdir (override) +=item SEE ALSO -tmpdir (override) +=back -updir (override) +=head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options -case_tolerant (override) +=over 4 -path (override) +=item SYNOPSIS -file_name_is_absolute (override) +=item DESCRIPTION -splitpath (override) +=item Command Line Options, an Introduction -splitdir (override) +=item Getting Started with Getopt::Long -catpath (override) +=over 4 -abs2rel (override) +=item Simple options -rel2abs (override) +=item A little bit less simple options -=over +=item Mixing command line option with other arguments -=item SEE ALSO +=item Options with values -=back +=item Options with multiple values -=head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs +=item Options with hash values -=over +=item User-defined subroutines to handle options -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Options with multiple names -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Case and abbreviations -devnull +=item Summary of Option Specifications + +!, +, s, i, f, : I [ I ] =back -tmpdir +=item Advanced Possibilities -catfile +=over 4 -canonpath +=item Object oriented interface -splitpath +=item Documentation and help texts -splitdir +=item Storing options in a hash -catpath +=item Bundling -=over +=item The lonesome dash -=item SEE ALSO +=item Argument call-back =back -=head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely +=item Configuring Getopt::Long -=over +default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt, +require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override +(default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always +(default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix, +prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled) -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Return values and Errors -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Legacy -=back +=over 4 -=over +=item Default destinations -=item FUNCTIONS +=item Alternative option starters -B +=item Configuration variables =back -B +=item Trouble Shooting -=over +=over 4 -=item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS +=item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option -B +=item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not +supplied =back -B - -B - -B - -=over - -=item POSIX FUNCTIONS +=item AUTHOR -B +=item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER =back -B +=head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch +clustering -=over +=over 4 -=item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS +=item SYNOPSIS -B +=item DESCRIPTION =back -=over +=head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current +locale -=item UTILITY FUNCTIONS +=over 4 -B +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION =back -=over +=head2 IO - load various IO modules + +=over 4 -=item PACKAGE VARIABLES +=item SYNOPSIS -B, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH +=item DESCRIPTION =back -TopSystemUID +=head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles -=over +=over 4 -=item WARNING +=item SYNOPSIS -=item HISTORY +=item DESCRIPTION + +new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (), +rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ] =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR +=item COPYRIGHT + =back -=head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions +=head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item NOTE +=item CONSTRUCTOR -=item AUTHOR +new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile + +=item METHODS + +open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ) + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item HISTORY =back -=head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits +=head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item BUGS +=item CONSTRUCTOR -=back +new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE ) -=head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles +=item METHODS -=over +$io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines, +$io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error, +$io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ), +$io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint -=item SYNOPSIS +=item NOTE -=item DESCRIPTION +=item SEE ALSO -$fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines +=item BUGS -=item SEE ALSO +=item HISTORY =back -=head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script +=head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES +=item CONSTRUCTOR -=item KNOWN BUGS +new ( [READER, WRITER] ) -=item AUTHORS +=item METHODS + +reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles () + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back -=head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library. +=head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item AVAILABILITY +=item METHODS -=item BUGS +mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove ( +IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] ) =item SEE ALSO +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + =back -=head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options +=head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item Command Line Options, an Introduction +$io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->setpos ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET), +WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ), +$io->tell -=item Getting Started with Getopt::Long +=item HISTORY -=over +=back -=item Simple options +=head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call -=item A little bit less simple options +=over 4 -=item Mixing command line option with other arguments +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Options with values +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Options with multiple values +=item CONSTRUCTOR -=item Options with hash values +new ( [ HANDLES ] ) -=item User-defined subroutines to handle options +=item METHODS -=item Options with multiple names +add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read ( +[ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), +count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] ) -=item Case and abbreviations +=item EXAMPLE -=item Summary of Option Specifications +=item AUTHOR -!, +, s, i, f, : I [ I ] +=item COPYRIGHT =back -=item Advanced Possibilities +=head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications -=over +=over 4 -=item Documentation and help texts +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Storing options in a hash +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Bundling +=item CONSTRUCTOR -=item The lonesome dash +new ( [ARGS] ) -=item Argument call-back +=item METHODS -=back +accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), timeout([VAL]), +sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol, connected -=item Configuring Getopt::Long +=item SEE ALSO -default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, require_order, permute, bundling -(default: reset), bundling_override (default: reset), ignore_case -(default: set), ignore_case_always (default: reset), pass_through (default: -reset), prefix, prefix_pattern, debug (default: reset) +=item AUTHOR -=item Return values and Errors +=item COPYRIGHT -=item Legacy +=back -=over +=head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets -=item Default destinations +=over 4 -=item Alternative option starters +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Configuration variables +=item DESCRIPTION -=back +=item CONSTRUCTOR -=item AUTHOR +new ( [ARGS] ) -=item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER +=over 4 -=back +=item METHODS -=head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch -clustering +sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost +() -=over +=back -=item SYNOPSIS +=item SEE ALSO -=item DESCRIPTION +=item AUTHOR -=back +=item COPYRIGHT -=head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current -locale +=back -=over +=head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets + +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=back +=item CONSTRUCTOR -=head2 IO - load various IO modules +new ( [ARGS] ) -=over +=item METHODS -=item SYNOPSIS +hostpath(), peerpath() -=item DESCRIPTION +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7232,7 +10450,7 @@ rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ] =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7255,7 +10473,7 @@ open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ) =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7284,7 +10502,7 @@ $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7308,7 +10526,7 @@ reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles () =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7330,13 +10548,15 @@ IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] ) =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item SEE ALSO +$io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->setpos ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET), +WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ), +$io->tell =item HISTORY @@ -7345,7 +10565,7 @@ I/O objects =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7372,7 +10592,7 @@ count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] ) =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7398,7 +10618,7 @@ sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol, connected =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7408,7 +10628,7 @@ AF_INET domain sockets new ( [ARGS] ) -=over +=over 4 =item METHODS @@ -7428,7 +10648,7 @@ sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7450,9 +10670,31 @@ hostpath(), peerpath() =back +=head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item METHODS + +new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set +( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [, +FLAGS ] ), stat + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7467,7 +10709,7 @@ hostpath(), peerpath() =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error handling -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7477,9 +10719,32 @@ handling =back +=head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item METHODS + +new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ), +getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ), +set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N +, VALUE ), stat + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7497,7 +10762,7 @@ ftok( PATH, ID ) =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7520,7 +10785,7 @@ FLAGS ] ), stat =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7543,7 +10808,7 @@ set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7560,7 +10825,7 @@ performed =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7581,7 +10846,7 @@ Canonical notation, Input, Output =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical functions -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7593,7 +10858,7 @@ functions =item STRINGIFICATION -=over +=over 4 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6 @@ -7613,7 +10878,7 @@ functions =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7623,7 +10888,7 @@ functions B -=over +=over 4 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO @@ -7635,7 +10900,7 @@ B =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS -=over +=over 4 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS @@ -7658,23 +10923,33 @@ cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS -=item DESCRIPTION +C, C, C + +=item DIAGNOSTICS + +=over 4 + +=item C + +=back + +=item BUGS AND WARNINGS =back =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item Functions @@ -7692,7 +10967,7 @@ $timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]); =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7709,7 +10984,7 @@ functions =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7726,7 +11001,7 @@ functions =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() functions -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7741,7 +11016,7 @@ functions =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7755,19 +11030,45 @@ functions =back -=head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files +=head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION +=item CONVENTIONS + +=item IMPLEMENTATION + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +C, C, C + +=item DIAGNOSTICS + +=over 4 + +=item C + +=back + +=item BUGS AND WARNINGS + =back =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7795,7 +11096,7 @@ opdump (PAT) =back -=over +=over 4 =item Predefined Opcode Tags @@ -7813,7 +11114,7 @@ opdump (PAT) =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7823,7 +11124,7 @@ a new namespace, an operator mask =item WARNING -=over +=over 4 =item RECENT CHANGES @@ -7847,7 +11148,7 @@ Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7859,7 +11160,7 @@ compiling =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1 -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7900,7 +11201,7 @@ wctomb, write =item CLASSES -=over +=over 4 =item POSIX::SigAction @@ -7988,13 +11289,13 @@ Constants, Macros =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS -=over +=over 4 =item podchecker() @@ -8006,7 +11307,7 @@ B<-warnings> =E I =item DIAGNOSTICS -=over +=over 4 =item Errors @@ -8028,7 +11329,13 @@ argument for =over, previous =item has no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I vs. I), I unescaped CE> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph, Verbatim paragraph in NAME -section, Hyperlinks +section + +=item Hyperlinks + +collapsing newlines to blanks, ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in +link, (section) in '$page' deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains +non-escaped | or / =back @@ -8040,6 +11347,8 @@ section, Hyperlinks =back +Cnew( %options )> + C<$checker-Epoderror( @args )>, C<$checker-Epoderror( {%opts}, @args )> @@ -8053,7 +11362,7 @@ C<$checker-Eidx()> C<$checker-Ehyperlink()> -=over +=over 4 =item AUTHOR @@ -8061,15 +11370,45 @@ C<$checker-Ehyperlink()> =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item OPTIONS +=back + +=over 4 + +=item C + +C<-verbose =E 1>, C<-perl =E 1>, C<-script =E 1>, C<-inc =E +1> + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item C + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item C + +C<-inc =E 1>, C<-dirs =E [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E +1> -B<-verbose>, B<-perl>, B<-script>, B<-inc> +=back + +=over 4 + +=item C + +=back + +=over 4 =item AUTHOR @@ -8079,7 +11418,7 @@ B<-verbose>, B<-perl>, B<-script>, B<-inc> =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -8106,7 +11445,7 @@ verbose =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs, commands, etc. -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -8116,216 +11455,216 @@ commands, etc. =item DESCRIPTION -B, B, B, -B +package B, package B, package +B, package B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item Pod::Paragraph-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_para-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_para-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_para-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_para-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_para-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_para-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_para-EB =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item Pod::InteriorSequence-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_seq-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_seq-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_seq-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_seq-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_seq-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_seq-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_seq-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_seq-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_seq-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item Pod::InteriorSequence::B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item Pod::ParseTree-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $ptree-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $ptree-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $ptree-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $ptree-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $ptree-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item Pod::ParseTree::B =back -=over +=over 4 =item SEE ALSO @@ -8335,7 +11674,7 @@ B =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -8343,7 +11682,7 @@ B =back -=over +=over 4 =item OBJECT METHODS @@ -8351,7 +11690,7 @@ C =back -=over +=over 4 =item Data Accessors @@ -8383,7 +11722,7 @@ B B -=over +=over 4 =item Subclassed methods @@ -8401,7 +11740,7 @@ B B -=over +=over 4 =item List Methods @@ -8413,7 +11752,7 @@ B B -=over +=over 4 =item Methods for headings @@ -8421,7 +11760,7 @@ B =back -=over +=over 4 =item Internal methods @@ -8437,7 +11776,7 @@ B<_create_index> B<_clean_latex_commands> -=over +=over 4 =item NOTES @@ -8453,19 +11792,21 @@ B<_clean_latex_commands> =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, release, -section +center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, quotes, +release, section =item DIAGNOSTICS -roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not `%s', Invalid link %s, Unknown escape -EE%sE, Unknown sequence %s, Unmatched =back +roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote +specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape +EE%sE, Unknown sequence %s, %s: Unknown command paragraph "%s" on +line %d, Unmatched =back =item BUGS @@ -8477,7 +11818,7 @@ EE%sE, Unknown sequence %s, Unmatched =back =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -8485,93 +11826,93 @@ EE%sE, Unknown sequence %s, Unmatched =back =back -=over +=over 4 =item Pod::List -new() +Pod::List-Enew() =back -file() +$list-Efile() -start() +$list-Estart() -indent() +$list-Eindent() -type() +$list-Etype() -rx() +$list-Erx() -item() +$list-Eitem() -parent() +$list-Eparent() -tag() +$list-Etag() -=over +=over 4 =item Pod::Hyperlink -new() +Pod::Hyperlink-Enew() =back -parse($string) +$link-Eparse($string) -markup($string) +$link-Emarkup($string) -text() +$link-Etext() -warning() +$link-Ewarning() -line(), file() +$link-Efile(), $link-Eline() -page() +$link-Epage() -node() +$link-Enode() -alttext() +$link-Ealttext() -type() +$link-Etype() -link() +$link-Elink() -=over +=over 4 =item Pod::Cache -new() +Pod::Cache-Enew() =back -item() +$cache-Eitem() -find_page($name) +$cache-Efind_page($name) -=over +=over 4 =item Pod::Cache::Item -new() +Pod::Cache::Item-Enew() =back -page() +$cacheitem-Epage() -description() +$cacheitem-Edescription() -path() +$cacheitem-Epath() -file() +$cacheitem-Efile() -nodes() +$cacheitem-Enodes() -find_node($name) +$cacheitem-Efind_node($name) -idx() +$cacheitem-Eidx() -=over +=over 4 =item AUTHOR @@ -8581,7 +11922,7 @@ idx() =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -8600,13 +11941,13 @@ B<-warnings> (default: unset) =back -=over +=over 4 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES =back -=over +=over 4 =item B @@ -8614,7 +11955,7 @@ C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para> =back -=over +=over 4 =item B @@ -8622,7 +11963,7 @@ C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para> =back -=over +=over 4 =item B @@ -8630,73 +11971,73 @@ C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para> =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING =back -=over +=over 4 =item B @@ -8706,109 +12047,109 @@ I|I =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item ACCESSOR METHODS =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA =back -=over +=over 4 =item B<_push_input_stream()> =back -=over +=over 4 =item B<_pop_input_stream()> =back -=over +=over 4 =item TREE-BASED PARSING @@ -8820,13 +12161,13 @@ I|I =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod. -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item EXPORT @@ -8841,7 +12182,7 @@ I|I =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from input -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -8857,55 +12198,55 @@ input =back -=over +=over 4 =item OBJECT METHODS =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS =back -=over +=over 4 =item B @@ -8913,31 +12254,31 @@ B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges> =back -=over +=over 4 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA =back -=over +=over 4 =item B<_compile_section_spec()> =back -=over +=over 4 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS} =back -=over +=over 4 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS} =back -=over +=over 4 =item SEE ALSO @@ -8947,18 +12288,19 @@ B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges> =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -alt, indent, loose, sentence, width +alt, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width =item DIAGNOSTICS -Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Unknown escape: %s, -Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back +Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Invalid quote +specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape: +%s, Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back =item RESTRICTIONS @@ -8972,7 +12314,24 @@ Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text -=over +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike +text + +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -8989,7 +12348,7 @@ Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII text with format escapes -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -9004,7 +12363,7 @@ text with format escapes =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod documentation -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -9017,7 +12376,7 @@ C<-pathlist> =item EXAMPLES -=over +=over 4 =item Recommended Use @@ -9033,17 +12392,62 @@ C<-pathlist> =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION +C, C, C + +=item DIAGNOSTICS + +=over 4 + +=item C + +=back + +=item BUGS AND WARNINGS + +=back + +=head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +a new namespace, an operator mask + +=item WARNING + +=over 4 + +=item RECENT CHANGES + +=item Methods in class Safe + +permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP, +...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from +(PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME), +root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK) + +=item Some Safety Issues + +Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + =back =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -9053,7 +12457,7 @@ C<-pathlist> =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -9063,13 +12467,13 @@ C<-pathlist> =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item The __DATA__ token @@ -9091,12 +12495,18 @@ C<-pathlist> =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION +=over 4 + +=item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX + +=back + =item AUTHOR =back @@ -9104,7 +12514,7 @@ C<-pathlist> =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -9118,9 +12528,63 @@ pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN =back +=head2 Storable - persistency for perl data structures + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item MEMORY STORE + +=item ADVISORY LOCKING + +=item SPEED + +=item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION + +=item ERROR REPORTING + +=item WIZARDS ONLY + +=over 4 + +=item Hooks + +C I, I, C I, I, +I, .. + +=item Predicates + +C, C, +C + +=item Recursion + +=item Deep Cloning + +=back + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item WARNING + +=item BUGS + +=item CREDITS + +=item TRANSLATIONS + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -9130,12 +12594,33 @@ pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname -=over +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl +interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls + +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION +openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args, +setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02), +closelog + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item SEE ALSO + =item AUTHOR =back @@ -9143,7 +12628,7 @@ pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -9163,7 +12648,7 @@ closelog =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -9171,19 +12656,21 @@ closelog =item DIAGNOSTICS -Invalid attribute name %s, Identifier %s used only once: possible typo, No -comma allowed after filehandle, Bareword %s not allowed while "strict subs" -in use +Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No +comma allowed after filehandle, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict +subs" in use =item RESTRICTIONS +=item NOTES + =item AUTHORS =back =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -9195,7 +12682,7 @@ in use =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -9214,7 +12701,7 @@ EtabE, ^D, ^U, EdelE, EbsE =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C packages. If no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions. -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -9237,7 +12724,7 @@ C, C, C =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -9259,16 +12746,20 @@ NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item The test script output +B<1..M>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B, +B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>, B, +B, B + =back =item EXPORT @@ -9278,7 +12769,7 @@ NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS C, C, C, C, C +%s>, C =item ENVIRONMENT @@ -9292,7 +12783,7 @@ C, C, C