X-Git-Url: http://git.shadowcat.co.uk/gitweb/gitweb.cgi?a=blobdiff_plain;f=pod%2Fperltoc.pod;h=acec1a66ee17d20c861e12392392b19302a22eb7;hb=2d259d9294e79c03b1a69d3eaac3d6e5647468d7;hp=7c16f94edc15724820832b99bc0bed79d436769d;hpb=55497cffdd24c959994f9a8ddd56db8ce85e1c5b;p=p5sagit%2Fp5-mst-13.2.git diff --git a/pod/perltoc.pod b/pod/perltoc.pod index 7c16f94..acec1a6 100644 --- a/pod/perltoc.pod +++ b/pod/perltoc.pod @@ -6,3159 +6,4935 @@ perltoc - perl documentation table of contents =head1 DESCRIPTION This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl -documentation set. It is meant to be be quickly scanned or grepped +documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped through to locate the proper section you're looking for. =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION - - - =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language =item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION - Many usability enhancements, Simplified grammar, Lexical scoping, Arbitrarily nested data structures, Modularity and reusability, -Object-oriented programming, Embeddable and Extensible, POSIX -compliant, Package constructors and destructors, Multiple simultaneous -DBM implementations, Subroutine definitions may now be autoloaded, -Regular expression enhancements +Object-oriented programming, Embeddable and Extensible, POSIX compliant, +Package constructors and destructors, Multiple simultaneous DBM +implementations, Subroutine definitions may now be autoloaded, Regular +expression enhancements, Innumerable Unbundled Modules, Compilability =item ENVIRONMENT - -HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5DB, PERLLIB - =item AUTHOR - =item FILES - =item SEE ALSO - =item DIAGNOSTICS - =item BUGS - =item NOTES - - - - -=head2 perldata - Perl data types +=head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1997/04/24 +22:46:06 $) =item DESCRIPTION +perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ, L: General Questions +About Perl, L: Obtaining and Learning about Perl, L: +Programming Tools, L: Data Manipulation, L: Files and +Formats, L: Regexps, L: General Perl Language Issues, +L: System Interaction, L: Networking =over -=item Variable names - - -=item Context - - -=item Scalar values +=item Where to get this document +=item How to contribute to this document -=item Scalar value constructors +=item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the +authors +=back -=item List value constructors +=item Credits +=item Author and Copyright Information -=item Typeglobs and FileHandles +=over +=item Noncommercial Reproduction +=item Commercial Reproduction +=item Disclaimer =back +=item Changes +24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version, +Initial Release: 11/March/97 - -=head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax +=head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.12 $, $Date: +1997/04/24 22:43:34 $) =item DESCRIPTION - =over -=item Declarations +=item What is Perl? +=item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free? -=item Simple statements +=item Which version of Perl should I use? +=item What are perl4 and perl5? -=item Compound statements +=item How stable is Perl? +=item Is Perl difficult to learn? -=item Loop Control +=item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, +Scheme, or Tcl? +=item Can I do [task] in Perl? -=item For Loops +=item When shouldn't I program in Perl? +=item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"? -=item Foreach Loops +=item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script? +=item What is a JAPH? -=item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements +=item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms? +=item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version +(5/5.004/Perl instead of some other language)? -=item Goto +=back +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=item PODs: Embedded Documentation +=head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.16 $, +$Date: 1997/04/23 18:04:09 $) +=item DESCRIPTION +=over +=item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it? -=back +=item How can I get a binary version of Perl? +=item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl? +=item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts +don't work. +=item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic +loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work? -=head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence +=item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN? +What does CPAN/src/... mean? -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl? +=item Where can I get information on Perl? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item What are the Perl newsgroups on USENET? Where do I post questions? +=item Where should I post source code? -=over +=item Perl Books -=item Terms and List Operators (Leftward) +References, Tutorials +*Learning Perl [2nd edition] +by Randal L. Schwartz and Tom Christiansen, Task-Oriented, Special Topics +=item Perl in Magazines -=item The Arrow Operator +=item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access +=item What mailing lists are there for perl? -=item Autoincrement and Autodecrement +MacPerl, Perl5-Porters, NTPerl, Perl-Packrats +=item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc -=item Exponentiation +=item Perl Training +=item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl? -=item Symbolic Unary Operators +=item Where do I send bug reports? +=item What is perl.com? perl.org? The Perl Institute? -=item Binding Operators +=item How do I learn about object-oriented Perl programming? +=back -=item Multiplicative Operators +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 1997/04/24 +22:43:42 $) -=item Additive Operators +=item DESCRIPTION +=over -=item Shift Operators +=item How do I do (anything)? +=item How can I use Perl interactively? -=item Named Unary Operators +=item Is there a Perl shell? +=item How do I debug my Perl programs? -=item Relational Operators +=item How do I profile my Perl programs? +=item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs? -=item Equality Operators +=item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl? +=item Is there a ctags for Perl? -=item Bitwise And +=item Where can I get Perl macros for vi? +=item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs? -=item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or +=item How can I use curses with Perl? +=item How can I use X or Tk with Perl? -=item C-style Logical And +=item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk? +=item What is undump? -=item C-style Logical Or +=item How can I make my Perl program run faster? +=item How can I make my Perl program take less memory? -=item Range Operator +=item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data? +=item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks? -=item Conditional Operator +=item How can I make my CGI script more efficient? +=item How can I hide the source for my Perl program? -=item Assignment Operators +=item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C? +=item How can I get '#!perl' to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]? -=item Comma Operator +=item Can I write useful perl programs on the command line? +=item Why don't perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system? -=item List Operators (Rightward) +=item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl? +=item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming? -=item Logical Not +=item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp] +=item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in +my C program, what am I doing wrong? -=item Logical And +=item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it +mean? +=item What's MakeMaker? -=item Logical or and Exclusive Or +=back +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=item C Operators Missing From Perl +=head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.19 $, $Date: 1997/04/24 +22:43:57 $) +=item DESCRIPTION -unary &, unary *, (TYPE) +=item Data: Numbers -=item Quote and Quotelike Operators +=over +=item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the +numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)? -=item Regexp Quotelike Operators +=item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly? +=item Does perl have a round function? What about ceil() and floor()? +Trig functions? -?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/gimosx, /PATTERN/gimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>, -qq/STRING/, "STRING", qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/, -s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, -y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds +=item How do I convert bits into ints? -=item I/O Operators +=item How do I multiply matrices? +=item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers? -=item Constant Folding +=item How can I output Roman numerals? +=item Why aren't my random numbers random? -=item Integer Arithmetic +=back +=item Data: Dates +=over +=item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year? -=back +=item How can I compare two date strings? +=item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds? +=item How can I find the Julian Day? +=item Does Perl have a year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant? -=head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions +=back -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Data: Strings +=over -i, m, s, x +=item How do I validate input? -=over +=item How do I unescape a string? -=item Regular Expressions +=item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters? +=item How do I expand function calls in a string? -(?#text), (?:regexp), (?=regexp), (?!regexp), (?imsx) +=item How do I find matching/nesting anything? -=item Backtracking +=item How do I reverse a string? +=item How do I expand tabs in a string? -=item Version 8 Regular Expressions +=item How do I reformat a paragraph? +=item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string? -=item WARNING on \1 vs $1 +=item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something? +=item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a +string? +=item How do I capitalize all the words on one line? +=item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside +[character]? (Comma-separated files) -=back +=item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string? +=item How do I extract selected columns from a string? +=item How do I find the soundex value of a string? +=item How can I expand variables in text strings? -=head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter +=item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"? -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Why don't my <I, B<-a>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:foo>, B<-D>I, -B<-D>I, B<-e> I, B<-F>I, B<-i>I, -B<-I>I, B<-l>I, B<-m>I, B<-M>I, -B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, -B<-V:name>, B<-w>, B<-x> I +a) If @in is sorted, and you want @out to be sorted:(this assumes all true +values in the array), b) If you don't know whether @in is sorted:, c) Like +(b), but @in contains only small integers:, d) A way to do (b) without any +loops or greps:, e) Like (d), but @in contains only small positive +integers: +=item How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain element? +=item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the +intersection of two arrays? -=back +=item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true? +=item How do I handle linked lists? +=item How do I handle circular lists? +=item How do I shuffle an array randomly? -=head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions +=item How do I process/modify each element of an array? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How do I select a random element from an array? +=item How do I permute N elements of a list? +=item How do I sort an array by (anything)? +=item How do I manipulate arrays of bits? -=over +=item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes? -=item Perl Functions by Category +=back +=item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays) -Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern -matching, Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for -list data, Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, -Functions for fixed length data or records, Functions for filehandles, -files, or directories, Keywords related to the control flow of your -perl program, Keywords related to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, -Functions for processes and process groups, Keywords related to perl -modules, Keywords related to classes and object-orientedness, Low-level -socket functions, System V interprocess communication functions, -Fetching user and group info, Fetching network info, Time-related -functions +=over -=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions +=item How do I process an entire hash? +=item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over +it? --I FILEHANDLE, -I EXPR, -I, abs VALUE, accept NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, -alarm SECONDS, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless -REF,CLASSNAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, -chomp VARIABLE, chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, -chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chroot FILENAME, close FILEHANDLE, closedir -DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, crypt -PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose ASSOC_ARRAY, dbmopen ASSOC,DBNAME,MODE, -defined EXPR, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do -EXPR, dump LABEL, each ASSOC_ARRAY, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval -EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, fcntl -FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock -FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE, LIST, getc -FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, -getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname -NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid -GID, getservb +=item How do I look up a hash element by value? +=item How can I know how many entries are in a hash? +=item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)? -=back +=item How can I always keep my hash sorted? +=item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes? +=item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction? +=item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through? -=head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables +=item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file? +=item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it? -=over +=item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create +it? -=item Predefined Names +=item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or +array of hashes or arrays? + +=item How can I use a reference as a hash key? + +=back +=item Data: Misc -$ARG, $_, $>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $', -$LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, input_line_number -HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, input_record_separator HANDLE -EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE EXPR, -$OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE EXPR, -$OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, -$OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", -$SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE -EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR, -$FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR, -$FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~, -format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^, -format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, -$FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, -$FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, -$ERRNO, $!, $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, -$UID, $<, +=over +=item How do I handle binary data correctly? +=item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float? -=back +=item How do I keep persistent data across program calls? +=item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure? +=item How do I define methods for every class/object? +=item How do I verify a credit card checksum? -=head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines +=back -=item SYNOPSIS +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 1997/04/24 +22:44:02 $) =item DESCRIPTION - =over -=item Private Variables via my() +=item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this? +=item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a +line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file? -=item Temporary Values via local() +=item How do I count the number of lines in a file? +=item How do I make a temporary file name? -=item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs) +=item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files? +=item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass +filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles? -=item Pass by Reference +=item How can I use a filehandle indirectly? +=item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()? -=item Prototypes +=item How can I write() into a string? +=item How can I output my numbers with commas added? -=item Overriding Builtin Functions +=item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename? +=item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out? -=item Autoloading +=item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>? +=item Is there a leak/bug in glob()? +=item How can I open a file with a leading "E" or trailing blanks? +=item How can I reliably rename a file? -=back +=item How can I lock a file? -=item SEE ALSO +=item What can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")? +=item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in +the file. How can I do this? +=item How do I randomly update a binary file? +=item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl? +=item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl? -=head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages) +=item How do I print to more than one file at once? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How can I read in a file by paragraphs? +=item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard? -=over +=item How can I tell if there's a character waiting on a filehandle? -=item Packages +=item How do I do a C in perl? +=item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl? -=item Symbol Tables +=item How do I close a file descriptor by number? +=item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't +`C:\temp\foo.exe` work? -=item Package Constructors and Destructors +=item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files? +=item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber +protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl? -=item Perl Classes +=item How do I select a random line from a file? +=back -=item Perl Modules +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=head2 perlfaq6 - Regexps ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 1997/04/24 22:44:10 $) +=item DESCRIPTION +=over -=back +=item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible +and unmaintainable code? -=item NOTE +Comments Outside the Regexp, Comments Inside the Regexp, Different +Delimiters +=item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong? -=item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY +=item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on +different lines? +=item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong? -=over +=item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS, but preserving +case on the RHS? -=item Pragmatic Modules +=item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets? +=item How can I match a locale-smart version of C? -diagnostics, integer, less, overload, sigtrap, strict, subs +=item How can I quote a variable to use in a regexp? -=item Standard Modules +=item What is C really for? +=item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a +file? -AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, Benchmark, Carp, Config, Cwd, -DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, DynaLoader, English, Env, Exporter, -ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, -ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Miniperl, Fcntl, File::Basename, -File::CheckTree, File::Find, FileHandle, File::Path, Getopt::Long, -Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Net::Ping, POSIX, -SelfLoader, Safe, Socket, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev +=item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text? -=item Extension Modules +=item What does it mean that regexps are greedy? How can I get around it? +=item How do I process each word on each line? +=item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary? +=item How can I do approximate matching? -=back +=item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once? -=item CPAN +=item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me? +=item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down? -Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, -Operating System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and -InterProcess Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, -Database Interfaces, User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of -Other Programming Languages, File Names, File Systems and File Locking -(see also File Handles), String Processing, Language Text Processing, -Parsing and Searching, Option, Argument, Parameter and Configuration -File Processing, Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, -Security and Encryption, World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server -and Daemon Utilities, Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and -Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, -Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc), File Handle and -Input/Output Stream Utilities, Miscellaneous Modules +=item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression? -=item Modules: Creation, Use and Abuse +=item Are Perl regexps DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant? +=item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context? -=over +=item How can I match strings with multibyte characters? -=item Guidelines for Module Creation +=back +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new -module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, -Select what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it -right?, README and other Additional Files, A description of the -module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, -Prerequisites - what else you may need to have, How to build it - -possible changes to Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes -in this release, especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements -you plan to make in the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the -module a version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a -module, Take care when changing a released module +=head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.18 $, $Date: +1997/04/24 22:44:14 $) -=item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules +=item DESCRIPTION +=over -There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications, -Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you -started, Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package -specifiers from ' to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other -minor changes +=item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language? -=item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code +=item What are all these $@%* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to +use them? +=item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and +commas? -Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many -applications contain some perl code which could be reused, Break-out -the reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the -opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases -the 'application' can then be reduced to a small +=item How do I skip some return values? +=item How do I temporarily block warnings? +=item What's an extension? -=back +=item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators? +=item How do I declare/create a structure? +=item How do I create a module? +=item How do I create a class? -=head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures +=item How can I tell if a variable is tainted? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item What's a closure? +=item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it? -=over +=item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method, +Regexp}? -=item Symbolic references +Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexps, +Passing Methods +=item How do I create a static variable? -=item Not-so-symbolic references +=item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? +Between local() and my()? +=item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical +is in scope? +=item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding? +=item Why doesn't "local($foo) = ;" work right? -=back +=item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method? -=item WARNING +=item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()? +=item How do I create a switch or case statement? -=item SEE ALSO +=item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods? +=item Why can't a method included in this same file be found? +=item How can I find out my current package? +=item How can I comment out a large block of perl code? +=back -=head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=item DESCRIPTION +=head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.21 $, $Date: 1997/04/24 +22:44:19 $) +=item DESCRIPTION -arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes, -more elaborate constructs, recursive and self-referential data -structures, objects +=over -=item REFERENCES +=item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under? +=item How come exec() doesn't return? -=item COMMON MISTAKES +=item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse? +Keyboard, Screen, Mouse -=item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE +=item How do I ask the user for a password? +=item How do I read and write the serial port? -=item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C +lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input +=item How do I decode encrypted password files? -=item DEBUGGING +=item How do I start a process in the background? +STDIN, STDOUT and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies -=item CODE EXAMPLES +=item How do I trap control characters/signals? +=item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system? -=item LISTS OF LISTS +=item How do I set the time and date? +=item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second? -=over +=item How can I measure time under a second? -=item Declaration of a LIST OF LISTS +=item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling) +=item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What +does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean? -=item Generation of a LIST OF LISTS +=item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl? +=item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()? -=item Access and Printing of a LIST OF LISTS +=item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems? +=item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command? +=item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()? +=item How can I capture STDERR from an external command? -=back +=item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails? -=item HASHES OF LISTS +=item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context? +=item How can I call backticks without shell processing? -=over +=item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, +^Z on MS-DOS)? -=item Declaration of a HASH OF LISTS +=item How can I convert my shell script to perl? +=item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session? -=item Generation of a HASH OF LISTS +=item How can I write expect in Perl? +=item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as +"ps"? -=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF LISTS +=item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How +come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my +changes to be visible? +Unix, VMS +=item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to +complete? +=item How do I fork a daemon process? -=back +=item How do I make my program run with sh and csh? -=item LISTS OF HASHES +=item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not? +=item How do I timeout a slow event? -=over +=item How do I set CPU limits? -=item Declaration of a LIST OF HASHES +=item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system? +=item How do I use an SQL database? -=item Generation of a LIST OF HASHES +=item How do I make a system() exit on control-C? +=item How do I open a file without blocking? -=item Access and Printing of a LIST OF HASHES +=item How do I install a CPAN module? +=item How do I keep my own module/library directory? +=item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library +search path? +=item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime? =back -=item HASHES OF HASHES +=item How do I get one key from the terminal at a time, under POSIX? +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=over +=head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 1997/04/24 22:44:29 +$) -=item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES +=item DESCRIPTION +=over -=item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES +=item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. Can +you help me fix it? +=item How do I remove HTML from a string? -=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES +=item How do I extract URLs? +=item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a +file on another machine? +=item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML? +=item How do I fetch an HTML file? -=back +=item how do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web? -=item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS +=item How do I redirect to another page? +=item How do I put a password on my web pages? -=over +=item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl? -=item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS +=item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my +CGI script to do bad things? +=item How do I parse a mail header? -=item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS +=item How do I decode a CGI form? +=item How do I check a valid mail address? -=item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS +=item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string? +=item How do I return the user's mail address? +=item How do I send/read mail? +=item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address? -=back +=item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups? -=item Database Ties +=item How do I fetch/put an FTP file? +=item How can I do RPC in Perl? -=item SEE ALSO +=back +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=item AUTHOR +=head2 perldelta - what's new for perl5.005 +=item DESCRIPTION +=item Incompatible Changes +=item Core Changes +=item Modules -=head2 perllol, perlLoL - Manipulating Lists of Lists in Perl +=over -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Required Updates +=back -=item Declaration and Access of Lists of Lists +=item Utility Changes +=item C Language API Changes -=item Growing Your Own +=item Documentation Changes +=item BUGS -=item Access and Printing +=item SEE ALSO +=item HISTORY -=item Slices +=head2 perldata - Perl data types +=item DESCRIPTION -=item SEE ALSO +=over +=item Variable names -=item AUTHOR +=item Context +=item Scalar values +=item Scalar value constructors +=item List value constructors +=item Typeglobs and Filehandles -=head2 perlobj - Perl objects +=back -=item DESCRIPTION +=head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax +=item DESCRIPTION =over -=item An Object is Simply a Reference +=item Declarations +=item Simple statements -=item A Class is Simply a Package +=item Compound statements +=item Loop Control -=item A Method is Simply a Subroutine - - -=item Method Invocation - - -=item Default UNIVERSAL methods - -isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION([VERSION]), class(), is_instance() +=item For Loops +=item Foreach Loops -=item Destructors +=item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements +=item Goto -=item WARNING +=item PODs: Embedded Documentation +=item Plain Old Comments (Not!) -=item Summary +=back +=head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence -=item Two-Phased Garbage Collection +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION +=over +=item Terms and List Operators (Leftward) -=back +=item The Arrow Operator -=item SEE ALSO +=item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement +=item Exponentiation +=item Symbolic Unary Operators +=item Binding Operators +=item Multiplicative Operators -=head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable +=item Additive Operators -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Shift Operators +=item Named Unary Operators -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Relational Operators +=item Equality Operators -=over +=item Bitwise And -=item Tying Scalars +=item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or +=item C-style Logical And -TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this +=item C-style Logical Or -=item Tying Arrays +=item Range Operators +=item Conditional Operator -TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value, -DESTROY this +=item Assignment Operators -=item Tying Hashes +=item Comma Operator +=item List Operators (Rightward) -USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, -STORE this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, -FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this +=item Logical Not -=item Tying FileHandles +=item Logical And +=item Logical or and Exclusive Or +=item C Operators Missing From Perl +unary &, unary *, (TYPE) -=back +=item Quote and Quote-like Operators -=item SEE ALSO +=item Regexp Quote-Like Operators +?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>, +qq/STRING/, "STRING", qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/, +s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, +y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds -=item BUGS +=item I/O Operators +=item Constant Folding -=item AUTHOR +=item Bitwise String Operators +=item Integer Arithmetic +=item Floating-point Arithmetic +=item Bigger Numbers +=back -=head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT) +=head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions =item DESCRIPTION +i, m, s, x -=item OO SCALING TIPS +=over +=item Regular Expressions -=item INSTANCE VARIABLES +C<(?#text)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, +C<(?E=pattern)>, C<(?, C<(?{ code })>, C<(?Epattern)>, +C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>, +C<(?imsx)> +=item Backtracking -=item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES +=item Version 8 Regular Expressions +=item WARNING on \1 vs $1 -=item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE +=item SEE ALSO +=back -=item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS +=head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter +=item SYNOPSIS -=item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS +=item DESCRIPTION +=over -=item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM +=item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems +OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh -=item THINKING OF CODE REUSE +=item Location of Perl +=item Switches -=item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT +B<-0>[I], B<-a>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I, B<-D>I, +B<-D>I, B<-e> I, B<-F>I, B<-h>, +B<-i>[I], B<-I>I, B<-l>[I], +B<-m>[B<->]I, B<-M>[B<->]I, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>, +B<-[mM]>[B<->]I, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>, +B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I, B<-w>, B<-x> I +=back -=item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR +=item ENVIRONMENT +HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL +(specific to WIN32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL -=item DELEGATION +=head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions +=item DESCRIPTION +=over +=item Perl Functions by Category +Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching, +Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data, +Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed +length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories, +Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related +to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process +groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and +object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess +communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network +info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted +in perl5 -=head2 perldebug - Perl debugging +=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions -=item DESCRIPTION +I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept +NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, +binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, +chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, +chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, +close FILEHANDLE, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, +cos EXPR, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, +defined EXPR, defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do +SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), +eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit +EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, +flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc +FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, +getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, +getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, +getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr +ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, +getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, +setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, +setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, +endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt +SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, +goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index +STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl +FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill LIST, last +LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link +OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, log +EXPR, log, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map +EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MODE, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd +ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, my EXPR, next LABEL, next, no +Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir +DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package, package +NAMESPACE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, +print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, +printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, +qq/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, +rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, +readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR, +recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LEN,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename +OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, +return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, +rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek +FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, +select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget +KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send +SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, +setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY, shift, shmctl +ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite +ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep EXPR, sleep, +socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair +SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST, +sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, +splice ARRAY,OFFSET, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, +split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, +srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, +sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LEN,REPLACEMENT, substr +EXPR,OFFSET,LEN, substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, +sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, +sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, +sysseek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, +syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite +FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie +VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate +FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, +ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack +TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module LIST, use +Module, use Module VERSION LIST, use VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec +EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write +FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y/// +=back -=item The Perl Debugger +=head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables +=item DESCRIPTION =over -=item Debugger Commands +=item Predefined Names +$ARG, $_, $EIE, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $', +$LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, input_line_number HANDLE +EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, +$INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, +$|, output_field_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, +output_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, +$LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, +format_page_number HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, +format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, +format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, format_name HANDLE +EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~, format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^, +format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, +$:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, +$CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, +$EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, +$EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, +$EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $PERL_VERSION, $], +$DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, +$OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, $^S, +$BASETIME, $^T, $WARNING, $^W, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, +@_, %INC, %ENV $ENV{expr}, %SIG $SIG{expr} -h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n, -ECRE, c [line], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, --, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]pattern], t, t -expr, b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], d [line], D, a -[line] command, A, O [opt[=val]] [opt"val"] [opt?].., recallCommand, -ShellBang, pager, arrayDepth, hashDepth, compactDump, veryCompact, -globPrint, DumpDBFiles, DumpPackages, quote, HighBit, undefPrint, -tkRunning, signalLevel, warnLevel. dieLevel, E command, E -command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, H -number, q or ^D, -R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, = [alias value], command, p expr +=back +=head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines -=item Debugger Customization +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Readline Support +=over +=item Private Variables via my() -=item Editor Support for Debugging +=item Peristent Private Variables +=item Temporary Values via local() -=item The Perl Profiler +=item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs) +=item When to Still Use local() -=item Debugger Internals +1. You need to give a global variable a temporary value, especially $_, 2. +You need to create a local file or directory handle or a local function, 3. +You want to temporarily change just one element of an array or hash -TTY, noTTY, ReadLine, NonStop, LineInfo +=item Pass by Reference - -=item Other resources +=item Prototypes +=item Constant Functions +=item Overriding Builtin Functions +=item Autoloading =back -=item BUGS +=item SEE ALSO +=head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables) +=item DESCRIPTION +=over +=item Packages -=head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics +=item Symbol Tables -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Package Constructors and Destructors +=item Perl Classes +=item Perl Modules +=back +=item SEE ALSO -=head2 perlform - Perl formats +=head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones =item DESCRIPTION +=item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY =over -=item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data +=item Pragmatic Modules +use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), blib, diagnostics, integer, less, +lib, locale, ops, overload, sigtrap, strict, subs, vmsish, vars -=item Cleaning Up Your Path +=item Standard Modules +AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, Benchmark, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, +CPAN::Nox, Carp, Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, +DirHandle, DynaLoader, English, Env, Exporter, ExtUtils::Embed, +ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, +ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, +ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, +Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, +File::Find, File::Path, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin, +GDBM_File, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IO, IO::File, +IO::Handle, IO::Pipe, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IPC::Open2, +IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, +NDBM_File, Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent, +Net::servent, Opcode, Pod::Text, POSIX, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, +SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, +Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, +Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Tie::Hash, +Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, +Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent -=item Security Bugs - +=item Extension Modules =back -=item NOTES +=item CPAN +Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating +System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess +Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces, +User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages, +File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String +Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option, +Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing, +Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption, +World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities, +Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, +and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and +exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities, +Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, North America, +South America + +=item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse =over -=item Footers +=item Guidelines for Module Creation +Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new +module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select +what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?, +README and other Additional Files, A description of the +module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites +- what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to +Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release, +especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in +the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a +version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take +care when changing a released module -=item Accessing Formatting Internals +=item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules +There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications, +Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started, +Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from ' +to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes +=item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code +Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many +applications contain some Perl code that could be reused, Break-out the +reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity +to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application' +can then be reduced to a small =back -=item WARNING +=item NOTE + +=head2 perlform - Perl formats +=item DESCRIPTION +=over +=item Format Variables +=back -=head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, -pipes, safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores) +=item NOTES -=item DESCRIPTION +=over +=item Footers -=item Signals +=item Accessing Formatting Internals +=back -=item Named Pipes +=item WARNINGS +=head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and +localization) -=item Using open() for IPC +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES +=item USING LOCALES =over -=item Safe Pipe Opens +=item The use locale pragma +=item The setlocale function -=item Bidirectional Communication +=item Finding locales +=item LOCALE PROBLEMS +=item Temporarily fixing locale problems +=item Permanently fixing locale problems -=back +=item Permanently fixing your locale configuration -=item Sockets: Client/Server Communication +=item Permanently fixing system locale configuration +=item The localeconv function -=over +=back -=item Internet TCP Clients and Servers +=item LOCALE CATEGORIES +=over -=item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers +=item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation +=item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types -=item UDP: Message Passing +=item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting +=item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts +=item LC_TIME +=item Other categories =back -=item SysV IPC +=item SECURITY +B (C, C, C, C and C):, +B (with C<\l>, C<\L>, C<\u> or C<\U>), +B (C):, B (C):, +B (sprintf()):, B (printf() and write()):, B (lc(), +lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, B +(localeconv(), strcoll(),strftime(), strxfrm()):, B (isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(),isgraph(), islower(), isprint(), +ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(), +isxdigit()): -=item WARNING +=item ENVIRONMENT +PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC, +LC_TIME, LANG =item NOTES +=over -=item BUGS - +=item Backward compatibility -=item AUTHOR +=item I18N:Collate obsolete +=item Sort speed and memory use impacts -=item SEE ALSO +=item write() and LC_NUMERIC +=item Freely available locale definitions +=item I18n and l10n +=item An imperfect standard +=back -=head2 perlsec - Perl security +=item BUGS -=item DESCRIPTION +=over +=item Broken systems +=back +=item SEE ALSO +=item HISTORY -=head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary +=head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures =item DESCRIPTION - =over -=item Awk Traps +=item Making References +=item Using References -=item C Traps +=item Symbolic references +=item Not-so-symbolic references -=item Sed Traps +=item Function Templates +=back -=item Shell Traps +=item WARNING +=item SEE ALSO -=item Perl Traps +=head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Perl4 Traps +arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes, +more elaborate constructs +=item REFERENCES +=item COMMON MISTAKES +=item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE -=back +=item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C +=item DEBUGGING +=item CODE EXAMPLES +=item LISTS OF LISTS -=head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide +=over -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Declaration of a LIST OF LISTS +=item Generation of a LIST OF LISTS +=item Access and Printing of a LIST OF LISTS +=back +=item HASHES OF LISTS -=head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual +=over -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Declaration of a HASH OF LISTS +=item Generation of a HASH OF LISTS -=over +=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF LISTS -=item Introduction +=back +=item LISTS OF HASHES -=item On The Road +=over +=item Declaration of a LIST OF HASHES -=item The Anatomy of an XSUB +=item Generation of a LIST OF HASHES +=item Access and Printing of a LIST OF HASHES -=item The Argument Stack +=back +=item HASHES OF HASHES -=item The RETVAL Variable +=over +=item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES -=item The MODULE Keyword +=item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES +=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES -=item The PACKAGE Keyword +=back +=item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS -=item The PREFIX Keyword +=over +=item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS -=item The OUTPUT: Keyword +=item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS +=item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS -=item The CODE: Keyword +=back +=item Database Ties -=item The INIT: Keyword +=item SEE ALSO +=item AUTHOR -=item The NO_INIT Keyword +=head2 perllol, perlLoL - Manipulating Lists of Lists in Perl +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Initializing Function Parameters +=item Declaration and Access of Lists of Lists +=item Growing Your Own -=item Default Parameter Values +=item Access and Printing +=item Slices -=item The PREINIT: Keyword +=item SEE ALSO +=item AUTHOR -=item The INPUT: Keyword +=head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Variable-length Parameter Lists +=item Creating a Class +=over -=item The PPCODE: Keyword +=item Object Representation +=item Class Interface -=item Returning Undef And Empty Lists +=item Constructors and Instance Methods +=item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors -=item The REQUIRE: Keyword +=item Destructors +=item Other Object Methods -=item The CLEANUP: Keyword +=back +=item Class Data -=item The BOOT: Keyword +=over +=item Accessing Class Data -=item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword +=item Debugging Methods +=item Class Destructors -=item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword +=item Documenting the Interface +=back -=item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword +=item Aggregation +=item Inheritance -=item The ALIAS: Keyword +=over +=item Overridden Methods -=item The INCLUDE: Keyword +=item Multiple Inheritance +=item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects -=item The CASE: Keyword +=back +=item Alternate Object Representations -=item The & Unary Operator +=over +=item Arrays as Objects -=item Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives +=item Closures as Objects + +=back +=item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods -=item Using XS With C++ +=over +=item Autoloaded Data Methods -=item Interface Strategy +=item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods +=back -=item Perl Objects And C Structures +=item Metaclassical Tools +=over -=item The Typemap +=item Class::Struct +=item Data Members as Variables +=item NOTES +=item Object Terminology =back -=item EXAMPLES +=item SEE ALSO +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=item XS VERSION +=item COPYRIGHT +=over -=item AUTHOR +=item Acknowledgments + +=back +=head2 perlobj - Perl objects + +=item DESCRIPTION +=over +=item An Object is Simply a Reference +=item A Class is Simply a Package -=head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for XSUB's +=item A Method is Simply a Subroutine -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Method Invocation + +=item Default UNIVERSAL methods + +isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ) + +=item Destructors + +=item WARNING + +=item Summary + +=item Two-Phased Garbage Collection + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO +=head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION =over -=item VERSION CAVEAT +=item Tying Scalars +TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this -=item DYNAMIC VERSUS STATIC +=item Tying Arrays +TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value, +DESTROY this -=item EXAMPLE 1 +=item Tying Hashes +USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE +this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY +this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this -=item EXAMPLE 2 +=item Tying FileHandles +TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, +LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, DESTROY this -=item WHAT HAS GONE ON? +=item The C Gotcha +=back -=item EXAMPLE 3 +=item SEE ALSO +=item BUGS -=item WHAT'S NEW HERE? +=item AUTHOR +=head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT) -=item INPUT AND OUTPUT PARAMETERS +=item DESCRIPTION +=item OO SCALING TIPS -=item THE XSUBPP COMPILER +=item INSTANCE VARIABLES +=item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES -=item THE TYPEMAP FILE +=item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE +=item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS + +=item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS + +=item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM + +=item THINKING OF CODE REUSE + +=item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT + +=item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR + +=item DELEGATION + +=head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, +safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores) + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Signals + +=item Named Pipes + +=over =item WARNING +=back -=item SPECIFYING ARGUMENTS TO XSUBPP +=item Using open() for IPC +=over -=item THE ARGUMENT STACK +=item Filehandles +=item Background Processes -=item EXTENDING YOUR EXTENSION +=item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent +=item Safe Pipe Opens -=item DOCUMENTING YOUR EXTENSION +=item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process +=item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself -=item INSTALLING YOUR EXTENSION +=back +=item Sockets: Client/Server Communication + +=over + +=item Internet Line Terminators + +=item Internet TCP Clients and Servers + +=item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers + +=back + +=item TCP Clients with IO::Socket + +=over + +=item A Simple Client + +C, C, C + +=item A Webget Client + +=item Interactive Client with IO::Socket + +=back + +=item TCP Servers with IO::Socket + +Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse + +=item UDP: Message Passing + +=item SysV IPC + +=item NOTES + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO +=head2 perldebug - Perl debugging + +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Author +=item The Perl Debugger +=over -=item Last Changed +=item Debugger Commands + +h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n +[expr], ECRE, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l +subname, -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]pattern], +t, t expr, b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname +[condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line] +command, A, W [expr], W, O [opt[=val]] [opt"val"] [opt?].., +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, E [ command ], +EE command, E command, EE command, { [ command ], {{ +command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, +|dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, m package + +=item Debugger input/output + +Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Listing, Frame listing + +=item Debugging compile-time statements + +=item Debugger Customization + +=item Readline Support + +=item Editor Support for Debugging + +=item The Perl Profiler + +=item Debugger support in perl +=item Debugger Internals +=item Other resources +=item BUGS =back +=item Debugging Perl memory usage + +=over +=item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}> +C, Free/Used, C, C, C, C, C -=head2 perlguts - Perl's Internal Functions +=item Example of using B<-DL> switch + +C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704> + +=item B<-DL> details + +C, C, C + +=item Limitations of B<-DL> statistic + +=back + +=head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics =item DESCRIPTION +=head2 perlsec - Perl security -=item Datatypes +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data + +=item Switches On the "#!" Line + +=item Cleaning Up Your Path + +=item Security Bugs + +=item Protecting Your Programs + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary +=item DESCRIPTION =over -=item What is an "IV"? +=item Awk Traps +=item C Traps -=item Working with SV's +=item Sed Traps +=item Shell Traps -=item What's Really Stored in an SV? +=item Perl Traps +=item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps -=item Working with AV's +Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical +Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts, +Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc, +Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps +=item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps -=item Working with HV's +Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, +Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, +Discontinuance, Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance +=item Parsing Traps -=item References +Parsing, Parsing, Parsing +=item Numerical Traps -=item Blessed References and Class Objects +Numerical, Numerical, Numerical + +=item General data type traps + +(Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String), +(Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide) + +=item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts + +(list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin) + +=item Precedence Traps + +Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence + +=item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc. + +Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular +Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, +Regular Expression, Regular Expression + +=item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps + +(Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle + +=item OS Traps + +(SysV), (SysV) + +=item Interpolation Traps + +Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, +Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation + +=item DBM Traps + +DBM, DBM + +=item Unclassified Traps + +C/C trap using returned value, C on empty string with +LIMIT specified + +=back + +=head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=head2 perlpod - plain old documentation + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Verbatim Paragraph + +=item Command Paragraph + +=item Ordinary Block of Text + +=item The Intent + +=item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules + +=item Common Pod Pitfalls + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=head2 perlbook - Perl book information + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item PREAMBLE + +B, B, B, B, B + +=item ROADMAP + +=item Compiling your C program + +=item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program + +=item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program + +=item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program + +=item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program + +=item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program + +=item Maintaining a persistent interpreter + +=item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances + +=item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C +program + +=back + +=item Embedding Perl under Win32 + +=item MORAL + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface. + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +B, B, B, B, +B, B, +B, B, +B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B + +=over + +=item Co-existence with stdio + +B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B + +=back + +=head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Introduction + +=item On The Road + +=item The Anatomy of an XSUB + +=item The Argument Stack + +=item The RETVAL Variable + +=item The MODULE Keyword + +=item The PACKAGE Keyword + +=item The PREFIX Keyword + +=item The OUTPUT: Keyword + +=item The CODE: Keyword + +=item The INIT: Keyword + +=item The NO_INIT Keyword + +=item Initializing Function Parameters + +=item Default Parameter Values + +=item The PREINIT: Keyword + +=item The SCOPE: Keyword + +=item The INPUT: Keyword + +=item Variable-length Parameter Lists + +=item The C_ARGS: Keyword + +=item The PPCODE: Keyword + +=item Returning Undef And Empty Lists + +=item The REQUIRE: Keyword + +=item The CLEANUP: Keyword + +=item The BOOT: Keyword + +=item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword + +=item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword + +=item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword + +=item The ALIAS: Keyword + +=item The INTERFACE: Keyword + +=item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword + +=item The INCLUDE: Keyword + +=item The CASE: Keyword + +=item The & Unary Operator + +=item Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives + +=item Using XS With C++ + +=item Interface Strategy + +=item Perl Objects And C Structures + +=item The Typemap + +=back + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item XS VERSION + +=item AUTHOR + +=head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for XSUBs + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item VERSION CAVEAT + +=item DYNAMIC VERSUS STATIC + +=item EXAMPLE 1 + +=item EXAMPLE 2 + +=item WHAT HAS GONE ON? + +=item WRITING GOOD TEST SCRIPTS + +=item EXAMPLE 3 + +=item WHAT'S NEW HERE? + +=item INPUT AND OUTPUT PARAMETERS + +=item THE XSUBPP COMPILER + +=item THE TYPEMAP FILE + +=item WARNING + +=item EXAMPLE 4 + +=item WHAT HAS HAPPENED HERE? + +=item SPECIFYING ARGUMENTS TO XSUBPP + +=item THE ARGUMENT STACK + +=item EXTENDING YOUR EXTENSION + +=item DOCUMENTING YOUR EXTENSION + +=item INSTALLING YOUR EXTENSION + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item Author + +=item Last Changed + +=back + +=head2 perlguts - Perl's Internal Functions + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Variables + +=over + +=item Datatypes + +=item What is an "IV"? + +=item Working with SVs + +=item What's Really Stored in an SV? + +=item Working with AVs + +=item Working with HVs + +=item Hash API Extensions + +=item References + +=item Blessed References and Class Objects + +=item Creating New Variables + +=item Reference Counts and Mortality + +=item Stashes and Globs + +=item Double-Typed SVs + +=item Magic Variables + +=item Assigning Magic + +=item Magic Virtual Tables + +=item Finding Magic + +=item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays + +=item Localizing changes + +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, +C, C, C + +=back + +=item Subroutines + +=over + +=item XSUBs and the Argument Stack + +=item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs + +=item Memory Allocation + +=item PerlIO + +=item Putting a C value on Perl stack + +=item Scratchpads + +=item Scratchpads and recursion + +=back + +=item Compiled code + +=over + +=item Code tree + +=item Examining the tree + +=item Compile pass 1: check routines + +=item Compile pass 1a: constant folding + +=item Compile pass 2: context propagation + +=item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization + +=back + +=item API LISTING + +av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, AvFILL, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, +av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, +DBsingle, DBsub, DBtrace, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dowarn, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, +do_binmode, ENTER, EXTEND, fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, G_ARRAY, +G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, GIMME, GIMME_V, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, gv_fetchmeth, +gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, G_VOID, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, +GvSV, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, +HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, hv_clear, hv_delayfree_ent, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, +hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_free_ent, hv_iterinit, +hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, +HvNAME, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, +isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, looks_like_number, MARK, +mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_len, mg_magical, mg_set, +Move, na, New, newAV, Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, +NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVrv, newSVsv, +newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK, +perl_alloc, perl_call_argv, perl_call_method, perl_call_pv, perl_call_sv, +perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_eval_sv, perl_eval_pv, perl_free, +perl_get_av, perl_get_cv, perl_get_hv, perl_get_sv, perl_parse, +perl_require_pv, perl_run, POPi, POPl, POPp, POPn, POPs, PUSHMARK, PUSHi, +PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, RETVAL, safefree, +safemalloc, saferealloc, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, +strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, +sv_catpv, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, +sv_catsv, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_cmp, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, sv_dec, +sv_derived_from, sv_derived_from, SvEND, sv_eq, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, +sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, SvIOK, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOKp, +sv_isa, sv_isobject, SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, sv_len, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, +sv_newmortal, SvNIOK, SvNIOK_off, SvNIOKp, sv_no, SvNOK, SvNOK_off, +SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNOKp, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOK_off, +SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOKp, SvPV, SvPV_force, SvPVX, SvREFCNT, +SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, +sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpv_mg, +sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpvf, +sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, +SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, +SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SVt_IV, SVt_PV, +SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SVt_NV, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, svtype, +sv_undef, sv_unref, SvUPGRADE, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, +sv_vcatpvfn(sv, pat, patlen, args, svargs, svmax, used_locale), +sv_vsetpvfn(sv, pat, patlen, args, svargs, svmax, used_locale), SvUV, +SvUVX, sv_yes, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, +XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, +XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNV, +XST_mNO, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, +Zero + +=item AUTHORS + +=head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C + +=item DESCRIPTION + +An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program + +=item THE PERL_CALL FUNCTIONS + +B, B, B, B + +=item FLAG VALUES + +=over + +=item G_VOID + +=item G_SCALAR + +=item G_ARRAY + +=item G_DISCARD + +=item G_NOARGS + +=item G_EVAL + +=item G_KEEPERR + +=item Determining the Context + +=back + +=item KNOWN PROBLEMS + +=item EXAMPLES + +=over + +=item No Parameters, Nothing returned + +=item Passing Parameters + +=item Returning a Scalar + +=item Returning a list of values + +=item Returning a list in a scalar context + +=item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list + +=item Using G_EVAL + +=item Using G_KEEPERR + +=item Using perl_call_sv + +=item Using perl_call_argv + +=item Using perl_call_method + +=item Using GIMME_V + +=item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries + +=item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information + +1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of +callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl +callback + +=item Alternate Stack Manipulation + +=item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=item DATE + +=head2 perlhist - the Perl history records + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item INTRODUCTION + +=item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN + +=over + +=item PUMPKIN? + +=back + +=item THE RECORDS + +=over + +=item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES + +=item SELECTED PATCH SIZES + +=back + +=item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS + +=head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION + +=head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +method, locked + +=head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item WARNING + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item BUGS + +=head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item NOTES + +=item TECHNICAL NOTE + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning +diagnostics + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item The C Pragma + +=item The I Program + +=back + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item INTERNALS + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=head2 fields - compile-time class fields + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=head2 integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of +double + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over +=item ADDING DIRECTORIES TO @INC +=item DELETING DIRECTORIES FROM @INC +=item RESTORING ORIGINAL @INC =back -=item Creating New Variables - +=item SEE ALSO -=item XSUB's and the Argument Stack +=item AUTHOR +=head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in +operations -=item Mortality +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Stashes +=head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Magic +=item CAVEAT SCRIPTOR +=item DESCRIPTION =over -=item Assigning Magic +=item Declaration of overloaded functions +=item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations -=item Magic Virtual Tables +FALSE, TRUE, C +=item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations -=item Finding Magic +=item Overloadable Operations +I, I, I, +I, I, I, I +=item Inheritance and overloading +Strings as values of C directive, Overloading of an operation +is inherited by derived classes =back -=item Double-Typed SV's - - -=item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs - +=item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C -=item Memory Allocation +=over +=item Last Resort -=item API LISTING +=item Fallback +C, TRUE, defined, but FALSE -AvFILL, av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, av_len, av_make, av_pop, -av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, CLASS, Copy, croak, -CvSTASH, DBsingle, DBsub, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, ENTER, -EXTEND, FREETMPS, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, GIMME, G_NOARGS, -G_SCALAR, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, GvSV, he_free, hv_clear, hv_delete, -hv_exists, hv_fetch, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iternext, -hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, HvNAME, hv_store, hv_undef, -isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, items, LEAVE, -MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_len, mg_magical, -mg_set, Move, na, New, Newc, Newz, newAV, newHV, newRV, newSV, newSViv, -newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVrv, newSVsv, newXS, newXSproto, Nullav, Nullch, -Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_call_argv, -perl_call_method, perl_call_pv, perl_call_sv, perl_construct, -perl_destruct, perl_eval_sv, perl_free, perl_get_av, perl_get_cv, -perl_get_hv, perl_get_sv, perl_parse, perl_require_pv, perl_run, POPi, -POPl, POPp, POPn, POPs, +=item Copy Constructor -=item AUTHOR +B +=back -=item DATE +=item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION +I, I, +I, C, I, I, +I, I, I +=item WARNING +=item Run-time Overloading +=item Public functions -=head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C +overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op) -=item DESCRIPTION +=item IMPLEMENTATION +=item AUTHOR -An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program +=item DIAGNOSTICS -=item THE PERL_CALL FUNCTIONS +=item BUGS +=head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling -B, B, B, -B +=item SYNOPSIS -=item FLAG VALUES +=item DESCRIPTION +=item OPTIONS =over -=item G_SCALAR - +=item SIGNAL HANDLERS -=item G_ARRAY +B, B, B I +=item SIGNAL LISTS -=item G_DISCARD +B, B, B +=item OTHER -=item G_NOARGS +B, B, I, I +=back -=item G_EVAL +=item EXAMPLES +=head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs -=item G_KEEPERR +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Determining the Context +C, C, C +=head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION -=back +=head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names -=item KNOWN PROBLEMS +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION -=item EXAMPLES +=head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION +=head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs -=over +=item SYNOPSIS -=item No Parameters, Nothing returned +=item DESCRIPTION +=over -=item Passing Parameters +=item DBM Comparisons +[0], [1], [2], [3] -=item Returning a Scalar +=back +=item SEE ALSO -=item Returning a list of values +=head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Returning a list in a scalar context +=item DESCRIPTION +=over -=item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list +=item Subroutine Stubs +=item Using B's AUTOLOAD Subroutine -=item Using G_EVAL +=item Overriding B's AUTOLOAD Subroutine +=item Package Lexicals -=item Using G_KEEPERR +=item B vs. B +=back -=item Using perl_call_sv +=item CAVEATS +=item SEE ALSO -=item Using perl_call_argv +=head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Using perl_call_method +=item DESCRIPTION +$keep, $check, $modtime -=item Using GIMME +=over +=item Multiple packages -=item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries +=back +=item DIAGNOSTICS -=item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information +=head2 B::Lint - Perl lint +=item SYNOPSIS -1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of -callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl -callback +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Alternate Stack Manipulation +=item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS +B, B and B, B, +B, B, B, B, B +=item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS +B<-u Package> -=back +=item BUGS -=item SEE ALSO +=item AUTHOR +=head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs -=item AUTHOR +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION -=item DATE +=item OPTIONS +C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]> +=item BUGS +=item AUTHOR +=head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of code -=head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program +=item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION - =over -=item PREAMBLE - - -B, B, B, B, B - -=item ROADMAP - +=item Methods -=item Compiling your C program +new, debug +=item Standard Exports -=item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program +timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ), +timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr ( +TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] ) +=item Optional Exports -=item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program +clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ) +=back -=item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program +=item NOTES +=item INHERITANCE -=item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C -program +=item CAVEATS +=item AUTHORS +=item MODIFICATION HISTORY +=head2 Bundle::CPAN - A bundle to play with all the other modules on CPAN -=back +=item SYNOPSIS -=item MORAL +=item CONTENTS +=item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHOR +=head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class +=item SYNOPSIS +=item ABSTRACT - -=head2 perlpod - plain old documentation +=item INSTALLATION =item DESCRIPTION +=over -=item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules +=item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT: +=item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE -=item SEE ALSO +=item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY: +=item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT: -=item AUTHOR +=item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER: +=item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER: +=item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER: +=item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE: +=item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY: -=head2 perlbook - Perl book information +=item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS: -=item DESCRIPTION +=item SAVING THE STATE OF THE FORM TO A FILE: +=item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION: +=item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL +=item CALLING CGI FUNCTIONS THAT TAKE MULTIPLE ARGUMENTS +=item CREATING THE HTTP HEADER: -=head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION +=item GENERATING A REDIRECTION INSTRUCTION +=item CREATING THE HTML HEADER: +B, 4, 5, 6.. +=item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT: -=head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning -diagnostics +=back -=item SYNOPSIS +=item CREATING FORMS +=over -=item DESCRIPTION +=item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG +=item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM -=over +B, B -=item The C Pragma +=item CREATING A TEXT FIELD +B -=item The I Program +=item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD +=item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD +=item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD +B -=back +=item CREATING A POPUP MENU -=item EXAMPLES +=item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST +B -=item INTERNALS +=item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES +B -=item BUGS +=item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX +B -=item AUTHOR +=item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP +B +=item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON +B +=item CREATING A RESET BUTTON -=head2 integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead -of double +=item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON -=item SYNOPSIS +=item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD +B -=item DESCRIPTION +=item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON +B, 3.The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment type, +and may be +TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE +=item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON +=back +=item NETSCAPE COOKIES -=head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the -compiler +1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag, +B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure> -=item SYNOPSIS +=item WORKING WITH NETSCAPE FRAMES +1. Create a document, 2. Specify the destination for the +document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in +the
tag -=item DESCRIPTION +=item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS +=item DEBUGGING +=over +=item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS +=back -=head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time +=item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES -=item SYNOPSIS +B, B, B, B, +B, B, BReturn the script +name as a partial URL, for self-refering +scripts, B, B, B, B, B, B, B, +B +=item CREATING HTML ELEMENTS -=item DESCRIPTION +=over +=item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS -=over +=item Generating new HTML tags -=item ADDING DIRECTORIES TO @INC +=back +=item IMPORTING CGI METHOD CALLS INTO YOUR NAME SPACE -=item DELETING DIRECTORIES FROM @INC +B, B, B, B, B, B, +B, B +=item USING NPH SCRIPTS -=item RESTORING ORIGINAL @INC +In the B statementSimply add ":nph" to the list of symbols to be +imported into your script:, By calling the B method:, By using +B<-nph> parameters in the B and B statements: +=item AUTHOR INFORMATION +=item CREDITS +Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor +(james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish , Mike Jewell +(mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg +(jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@csgrad1.cs.wvu.edu), Richard +Resnick (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony +Curtis (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom +Christiansen (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig +(k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), +Kevin B. Hendricks (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen +(joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni +(david@cnation.com), ...and many many more.. -=back +=item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT + +=item BUGS =item SEE ALSO +=head2 CGI::Apache - Make things work with CGI.pm against Perl-Apache API -=item AUTHOR +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION +=item NOTE 1 +=item NOTE 2 +=item SEE ALSO -=head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations +=item AUTHOR -=item SYNOPSIS +=head2 CGI::Carp, B - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or +other) error log +=item SYNOPSIS -=item CAVEAT SCRIPTOR +=item DESCRIPTION +=item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES -=item DESCRIPTION +=item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW +=item CHANGE LOG -=over +=item AUTHORS -=item Declaration of overloaded functions +=item SEE ALSO +=head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI -=item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION -FALSE, TRUE, C +=item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE -=item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations +=item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS +=item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS -=item Overloadable Operations +=item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS +=item CAVEATS -I, I, I, -I, I, I, I +=item AUTHOR INFORMATION +=item BUGS +=item SEE ALSO -=back +=head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push -=item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION -=over +=item USING CGI::Push -=item Last Resort +-next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires +=item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS -=item Fallback +=item CAVEATS +=item AUTHOR INFORMATION -C, TRUE, defined, but FALSE +=item BUGS -=item Copy Constructor +=item SEE ALSO +=head2 CGI::Switch - Try more than one constructors and return the first +object available -B +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION +=item SEE ALSO -=back +=item AUTHOR -=item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION +=head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites +=item SYNOPSIS -I, I, -I, C, I, -I, I, I +=item DESCRIPTION -=item WARNING +=over +=item Interactive Mode -=item Run-time Overloading +Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test, +install, clean modules or distributions, readme, look module or +distribution +=item CPAN::Shell -=item Public functions +=item autobundle +=item recompile -overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), -C +=item The four C Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution -=item IMPLEMENTATION +=item ProgrammerE<39>s interface +expand($type,@things), Programming Examples -=item AUTHOR +=item Methods in the four +=item Cache Manager -=item DIAGNOSTICS +=item Bundles +=item Prerequisites -=item BUGS +=item Debugging +=item Floppy, Zip, and all that Jazz +=back +=item CONFIGURATION +o conf Escalar optionE, o conf Escalar optionE +EvalueE, o conf Elist optionE, o conf Elist optionE +[shift|pop], o conf Elist optionE [unshift|push|splice] +ElistE -=head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable stack backtrace on unexpected -signals +=over -=item SYNOPSIS +=item CD-ROM support +=back -=item DESCRIPTION +=item SECURITY +=item EXPORT +=item BUGS +=item AUTHOR +=item SEE ALSO -=head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs +=head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization =item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION +=head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS +module -C, C, C - +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION +=item SEE ALSO -=head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names +=head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller) =item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION +=over +=item Forcing a Stack Trace +=back - -=head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names +=head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes =item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION +=over +=item The C function +=item Element Types and Accessor Methods +Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or +C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>) -=head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION +=back +=item EXAMPLES +Example 1, Example 2 +=item Author and Modification History -=head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs +=head2 Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory =item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION +=head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x -=over - -=item DBM Comparisons +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION -[0], [1], [2], [3] +B, B, B +=over +=item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 -=back +=item Interface to Berkeley DB -=item SEE ALSO +=item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File +=item Default Parameters +=item In Memory Databases +=back +=item DB_HASH -=head2 AutoLoader - load functions only on demand +=over -=item SYNOPSIS +=item A Simple Example +=back -=item DESCRIPTION +=item DB_BTREE +=over +=item Changing the BTREE sort order +=item Handling Duplicate Keys +=item The get_dup() Method -=head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading +=item Matching Partial Keys -=item SYNOPSIS +=back +=item DB_RECNO -=item DESCRIPTION +=over +=item The 'bval' Option +=item A Simple Example +=item Extra Methods +B<$X-Epush(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-Epop ;>, B<$X-Eshift>, +B<$X-Eunshift(list) ;>, B<$X-Elength> -=head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of code +=item Another Example -=item SYNOPSIS +=back +=item THE API INTERFACE -=item DESCRIPTION +B<$status = $X-Eget($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = +$X-Eput($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-Edel($key [, +$flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-Efd ;>, B<$status = $X-Eseq($key, +$value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-Esync([$flags]) ;> +=item HINTS AND TIPS =over -=item Methods +=item Locking Databases +=item Sharing Databases With C Applications -new, debug +=item The untie() Gotcha -=item Standard Exports +=back +=item COMMON QUESTIONS -C, timethis, timethese, timediff, timestr +=over -=item Optional Exports +=item Why is there Perl source in my database? +=item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File? +=item What does "Invalid Argument" mean? +=item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean? =back -=item NOTES - +=item HISTORY -=item INHERITANCE +=item BUGS +=item AVAILABILITY -=item CAVEATS +=item COPYRIGHT +=item SEE ALSO -=item AUTHORS +=item AUTHOR +=head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module -=item MODIFICATION HISTORY +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION +=head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION -=head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller) +=head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation +variables =item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION +=head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION +=item AUTHOR -=head2 Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory +=head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules =item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION +=over +=item Selecting What To Export +=item Specialised Import Lists +=item Exporting without using Export's import method -=head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB - -=item SYNOPSIS - +=item Module Version Checking -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Managing Unknown Symbols +=item Tag Handling Utility Functions -DB_HASH, DB_BTREE, DB_RECNO +=back -=over +=head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in +Makefiles etc. -=item How does DB_File interface to Berkeley DB? +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Differences with Berkeley DB +cat, eqtime src dst, rm_f files..., rm_f files..., touch files .., mv +source... destination, cp source... destination, chmod mode files.., mkpath +directory.., test_f file +=item BUGS -=item RECNO +=item SEE ALSO +=item AUTHOR -=item In Memory Databases +=head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Using the Berkeley DB Interface Directly +=item DESCRIPTION +=item @EXPORT -get, put, del, fd, seq, sync +=item FUNCTIONS +xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(), +ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules) +=item EXAMPLES -=back +=item SEE ALSO -=item EXAMPLES +=item AUTHOR +=head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there -=over +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Using HASH +=item DESCRIPTION +=head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules -=item Using BTREE +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Using RECNO +=item USAGE +=item FUNCTIONS -=item Locking Databases +new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(), +packlist(), version() +=item AUTHOR +=head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them +=item SYNOPSIS -=back +=item DESCRIPTION -=item HISTORY +For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions +=over -=item WARNINGS +=item EXTRALIBS +=item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH -=item BUGS +=item BSLOADLIBS +=back -=item AVAILABILITY +=item PORTABILITY +=over -=item SEE ALSO +=item VMS implementation +=item Win32 implementation -=item AUTHOR +=back +=item SEE ALSO +=head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in +ExtUtils::MakeMaker +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION -=head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module +=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker =item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION +=item METHODS +=over +=item Preloaded methods +canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, rootdir, updir -=head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles +=item SelfLoaded methods -=item SYNOPSIS +c_o (o), cflags (o), clean (o), const_cccmd (o), const_config (o), +const_loadlibs (o), constants (o), depend (o), dir_target (o), dist (o), +dist_basics (o), dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), dist_dir (o), dist_test (o), +dlsyms (o), dynamic (o), dynamic_bs (o), dynamic_lib (o), exescan, +extliblist, file_name_is_absolute, find_perl +=item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile -=item DESCRIPTION +fixin, force (o), guess_name, has_link_code, init_dirscan, init_main, +init_others, install (o), installbin (o), libscan (o), linkext (o), lsdir, +macro (o), makeaperl (o), makefile (o), manifypods (o), maybe_command, +maybe_command_in_dirs, needs_linking (o), nicetext, parse_version, pasthru +(o), path, perl_script, perldepend (o), pm_to_blib, post_constants (o), +post_initialize (o), postamble (o), prefixify, processPL (o), realclean +(o), replace_manpage_separator, static (o), static_lib (o), staticmake (o), +subdir_x (o), subdirs (o), test (o), test_via_harness (o), test_via_script +(o), tool_autosplit (o), tools_other (o), tool_xsubpp (o), top_targets (o), +writedoc, xs_c (o), xs_o (o), perl_archive, export_list +=back +=item SEE ALSO +=head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in +ExtUtils::MakeMaker +=item SYNOPSIS -=head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code +=item DESCRIPTION -=item SYNOPSIS +=over +=item Methods always loaded -=item DESCRIPTION +eliminate_macros, fixpath, catdir, catfile, wraplist, curdir (override), +rootdir (override), updir (override) +=item SelfLoaded methods -@dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, dl_error(), -$dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(), dl_load_file(), -dl_find_symbol(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(), bootstrap() +guess_name (override), find_perl (override), path (override), maybe_command +(override), maybe_command_in_dirs (override), perl_script (override), +file_name_is_absolute (override), replace_manpage_separator, init_others +(override), constants (override), cflags (override), const_cccmd +(override), pm_to_blib (override), tool_autosplit (override), tool_sxubpp +(override), xsubpp_version (override), tools_other (override), dist +(override), c_o (override), xs_c (override), xs_o (override), top_targets +(override), dlsyms (override), dynamic_lib (override), dynamic_bs +(override), static_lib (override), manifypods (override), processPL +(override), installbin (override), subdir_x (override), clean (override), +realclean (override), dist_basics (override), dist_core (override), +dist_dir (override), dist_test (override), install (override), perldepend +(override), makefile (override), test (override), test_via_harness +(override), test_via_script (override), makeaperl (override), nicetext +(override) -=item AUTHOR +=back +=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in +ExtUtils::MakeMaker +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION +catfile, constants (o), static_lib (o), dynamic_bs (o), dynamic_lib (o), +canonpath, perl_script, pm_to_blib, test_via_harness (o), tool_autosplit +(override), tools_other (o), xs_o (o), top_targets (o), manifypods (o), +dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), pasthru (o) -=head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation -variables +=head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile =item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION +=over +=item How To Write A Makefile.PL +=item Default Makefile Behaviour +=item make test -=head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables +=item make testdb -=item SYNOPSIS +=item make install +=item PREFIX and LIB attribute -=item DESCRIPTION +=item AFS users +=item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary -=item AUTHOR +=item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations +=item Which architecture dependent directory? +=item Using Attributes and Parameters +C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG, CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, +EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, NO_VC, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, H, IMPORTS, INC, +INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, +INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITELIB, +INSTALLSITEARCH, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_EXE, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, +INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIBPERL_A, LIB, LIBS, LINKTYPE, +MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME, +NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC, +PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_SRC, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PREFIX, +PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, +XS_VERSION +=item Additional lowercase attributes -=head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules +clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, installpm, linkext, macro, realclean, +tool_autosplit -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Overriding MakeMaker Methods +=item Hintsfile support -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Distribution Support +make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest, +make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make +shdist, make zipdist, make ci -=over +=item Disabling an extension -=item Selecting What To Export +=back +=item SEE ALSO -=item Specialised Import Lists +=item AUTHORS +=head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file -=item Module Version Checking +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Managing Unknown Symbols +=item MANIFEST.SKIP +=item EXPORT_OK -=item Tag Handling Utility Functions +=item GLOBAL VARIABLES +=item DIAGNOSTICS +C I, C I, C I<$!>, +C I +=item SEE ALSO -=back +=item AUTHOR +=head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION -=head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there +=head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic +extension =item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION +NAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, DLBASE +=item AUTHOR +=item REVISION - -=head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use -them +=head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files =item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION +=item USAGE -For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions +=item FUNCTIONS -=over +new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file() -=item EXTRALIBS +=item AUTHOR +=head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC -=item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION -=item BSLOADLIBS +=head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION +=item AUTHOR -=back +=head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines -=item PORTABILITY +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION -=item SEE ALSO +=item NOTE +=item EXPORTED SYMBOLS +=head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION -=head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in -ExtUtils::MakeMaker +fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse -=item DESCRIPTION +=item EXAMPLES +C, C +=head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION -=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker +=head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles =item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION +=item RETURN -=item METHODS +=item AUTHOR + +=head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles + +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION =over -=item Preloaded methods +=item Special behavior if C is defined (VMS and OS/2) +rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag]) -catdir, catfile, nicetext, libscan, exescan, lsdir, path, -replace_manpage_separator, file_name_is_absolute, prefixify, -maybe_command_in_dirs, maybe_command, perl_script +=back -=item SelfLoaded methods +=item RETURN +=item AUTHOR -guess_name, init_main, init_dirscan, init_others, find_perl +=head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some -=item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION -post_initialize, const_config, constants, const_loadlibs, const_cccmd, -tool_autosplit, tool_xsubpp, tools_other, dist, macro, depend, -post_constants, pasthru, c_o, xs_c, xs_o, top_targets, linkext, dlsyms, -dynamic, dynamic_bs, dynamic_lib, static, static_lib, installpm, -installpm_x, manifypods, processPL, installbin, subdirs, subdir_x, -clean, realclean, dist_basics, dist_core, dist_dir, dist_test, dist_ci, -install, force, perldepend, makefile, staticmake, test, -test_via_harness, test_via_script, postamble, makeaperl, extliblist, -dir_target, needs_linking, has_link_code, writedoc +=item EXPORTS (by request only) +=item BUGS +=item AUTHOR -=back +=item HISTORY =item SEE ALSO +=head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION +=item BUGS -=head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in -ExtUtils::MakeMaker - -=item DESCRIPTION +=head2 File::Path - create or remove a series of directories +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION +=item AUTHORS +=item REVISION -=head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile +=head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions =item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION +=item NOTE -=over +=item AUTHOR -=item Hintsfile support +=head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits +=item SYNOPSIS -=item What's new in version 5 of MakeMaker +=item DESCRIPTION +=item BUGS -=item Incompatibilities between MakeMaker 5.00 and 4.23 +=head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Default Makefile Behaviour +=item DESCRIPTION +$fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines -=item make test +=item SEE ALSO +=head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script -=item make install +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION -=item PREFIX attribute +=item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES +=item KNOWN BUGS -=item AFS users +=item AUTHORS +=item COPYRIGHT -=item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary +=item REVISION +=head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library. -=item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Useful Default Makefile Macros +=item AVAILABILITY +=item BUGS -=item Using Attributes and Parameters +=item SEE ALSO +=head2 Getopt::Long, GetOptions - extended processing of command line +options -C, CONFIG, CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, -EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, H, INC, INSTALLARCHLIB, -INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, -INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSITELIB, INSTALLSITEARCH, INST_ARCHLIB, -INST_EXE, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, INST_MAN3DIR, LDFROM, LIBPERL_A, -LIBS, LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, -MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, OBJECT, PERL, -PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_SRC, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, -PREFIX, PREREQ, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, -XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Additional lowercase attributes +=item DESCRIPTION +!, +, :s, :i, :f -clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, installpm, linkext, macro, realclean, -tool_autosplit +=over -=item Overriding MakeMaker Methods +=item Linkage specification +=item Aliases and abbreviations -=item Distribution Support +=item Non-option call-back routine +=item Option starters - make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make - manifest, make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make - uutardist, make shdist, make ci +=item Return values and Errors +=back +=item COMPATIBILITY -=back +=item EXAMPLES -=item AUTHORS +=item CONFIGURATION OPTIONS +default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, require_order, permute, bundling +(default: reset), bundling_override (default: reset), ignore_case +(default: set), ignore_case_always (default: reset), pass_through (default: +reset), prefix, prefix_pattern, debug (default: reset) -=item MODIFICATION HISTORY +=item OTHER USEFUL VARIABLES +$Getopt::Long::VERSION, $Getopt::Long::error -=item TODO +=item AUTHOR +=item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER +=head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch +clustering +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION -=head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST -file +=head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current +locale =item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION +=head2 IO - load various IO modules -=item MANIFEST.SKIP +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION -=item EXPORT_OK +=head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles +=item SYNOPSIS -=item GLOBAL VARIABLES +=item DESCRIPTION +=item CONSTRUCTOR -=item DIAGNOSTICS +new ([ ARGS ] ), new_tmpfile +=item METHODS -C I, C I, C -I<$!>, C I +open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ) =item SEE ALSO +=item HISTORY -=item AUTHOR +=head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O +handles +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION +=item CONSTRUCTOR +new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE ) -=head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by -DynaLoader +=item METHODS -=item SYNOPSIS +$fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->opened, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines, +$fh->ungetc ( ORD ), $fh->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->flush, +$fh->error, $fh->clearerr, $fh->untaint +=item NOTE -=item DESCRIPTION +=item SEE ALSO +=item BUGS +=item HISTORY +=head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::pipe - supply object methods for pipes +=item SYNOPSIS -=head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic -extension +=item DESCRIPTION -=item SYNOPSIS +=item CONSTRCUTOR +new ( [READER, WRITER] ) -=item DESCRIPTION +=item METHODS +reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles () -NAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, DLBASE +=item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR +=item COPYRIGHT -=item REVISION +=head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for +I/O objects +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION +=item SEE ALSO +=item HISTORY -=head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines +=head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system +call =item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION +=item CONSTRUCTOR -=item NOTE +new ( [ HANDLES ] ) + +=item METHODS +add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read ( +[ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_error ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count +(), bits(), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] ) +=item EXAMPLE +=item AUTHOR +=item COPYRIGHT -=head2 File::Basename, Basename - parse file specifications +=head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket +communications =item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION +=item CONSTRUCTOR -fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse +new ( [ARGS] ) -=item EXAMPLES +=item METHODS +accept([PKG]), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, +protocol -C, C +=item SUB-CLASSES +=over +=item IO::Socket::INET +=item METHODS -=head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree +sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost +() -=item SYNOPSIS +=item IO::Socket::UNIX +=item METHODS -=item DESCRIPTION +hostpath(), peerpath() +=back +=item SEE ALSO +=item AUTHOR +=item COPYRIGHT -=head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree +=head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing =item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION +=item WARNING +=item SEE ALSO - - -=head2 File::Path - create or remove a series of directories +=head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error +handling =item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION +=item WARNING -=item AUTHORS - +=head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package -=item REVISION +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION +number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to +=item BUGS +=item AUTHOR -=head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits +=head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package =item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION +Canonical notation, Input, Output -=item BUGS - - +=item EXAMPLES +=item BUGS +=item AUTHOR -=head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles +=head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical +functions =item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION +=item OPERATIONS - $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines - -=item SEE ALSO +=item CREATION +=item STRINGIFICATION -=item BUGS +=item USAGE +=item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO +=item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS +=item BUGS +=item AUTHORS -=head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library. +=head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions =item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION +=item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS -=item AVAILABILITY - - -=item BUGS +=over +=item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO -=item SEE ALSO +=item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS +=back +=item ANGLE CONVERSIONS +=item BUGS +=item AUTHORS -=head2 Getopt::Long, GetOptions - extended processing of command line -options +=head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files =item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION +=head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability -, !, =s, :s, =i, :i, =f, :f +=item SYNOPSIS -=over +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Linkage specification +=over +=item Functions -=item Aliases and abbreviations +Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [, +$timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]); +=back -=item Non-option call-back routine +=item WARNING +=item NOTES -=item Option starters +=head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() +functions +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Return value +=item DESCRIPTION +=item EXAMPLES +=item NOTE +=item AUTHOR -=back +=head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() +functions -=item COMPATIBILITY +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION =item EXAMPLES +=item NOTE -=item CONFIGURATION VARIABLES +=item AUTHOR +=head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() +functions -$Getopt::Long::autoabbrev, $Getopt::Long::getopt_compat, -$Getopt::Long::order, $Getopt::Long::ignorecase, -$Getopt::Long::VERSION, $Getopt::Long::error, $Getopt::Long::debug +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION +=item NOTE +=item AUTHOR -=head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with -switch clustering +=head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() +functions =item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION +=item EXAMPLES +=item NOTE +=item AUTHOR - -=head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the -current locale +=head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files =item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION - - - - -=head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing +=head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code =item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION +=item NOTE =item WARNING +=item Operator Names and Operator Lists -=item SEE ALSO - - - - +an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname +or optag, an operator set (opset) -=head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and -error handling +=item Opcode Functions -=item SYNOPSIS +opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET), +full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...), +define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...), +opdump (PAT) +=item Manipulating Opsets -=item DESCRIPTION +=item TO DO (maybe) +=item Predefined Opcode Tags +:base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math, +:base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open, +:filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided, +:dangerous +=item SEE ALSO +=item AUTHORS -=head2 Net::Ping, pingecho - check a host for upness +=head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted +compartments =item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION +a new namespace, an operator mask + +=item WARNING =over -=item Parameters +=item RECENT CHANGES +=item Methods in class Safe -hostname, timeout +permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP, +...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from +(PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME), +root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK) +=item Some Safety Issues +Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes -=back +=item AUTHOR -=item WARNING +=back +=head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when +compiling +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION +=item SEE ALSO =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1 =item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION +=item NOTE -=item NOTE - - -=item CAVEATS - +=item CAVEATS =item FUNCTIONS - -_exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, -atan2, atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, -chown, clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, -ctime, cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, -execv, execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, -ferror, fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, -fork, fpathconf, fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, -fscanf, fseek, fsetpos, fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, -getegid, getenv, geteuid, getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, -getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid, getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, -gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, -isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper, isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, -link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10, longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, -mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memmove, memset, mkdir, -mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open, opendir, pat +_exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2, +atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown, +clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime, +cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv, +execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror, +fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf, +fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos, +fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid, +getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid, +getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty, +iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper, +isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10, +longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, +memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open, +opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts, +qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind, +rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid, +setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp, +sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat, +strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen, +strncat, strncmp, strncpy, stroul, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, +strtod, strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, +tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, +tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, +ungetc, unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, +wcstombs, wctomb, write =item CLASSES - =over =item POSIX::SigAction - new =item POSIX::SigSet - new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember =item POSIX::Termios - new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag, getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag, setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field values, c_oflag field values - - =back =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS - Constants =item POSIX CONSTANTS - Constants =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION - Constants =item ERRNO - Constants =item FCNTL - Constants =item FLOAT - Constants =item LIMITS - Constants =item LOCALE - Constants =item MATH - Constants =item SIGNAL - Constants =item STAT - Constants, Macros =item STDLIB - Constants =item STDIO - Constants =item TIME - Constants =item UNISTD - Constants =item WAIT - Constants, Macros =item CREATION - - - - -=head2 Pod::Text - convert POD data to formatted ASCII text +=head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML =item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION +=item ARGUMENTS -=item AUTHOR +help, htmlroot, infile, outfile, podroot, podpath, libpods, netscape, +nonetscape, index, noindex, recurse, norecurse, title, verbose +=item EXAMPLE -=item TODO +=item AUTHOR +=item BUGS +=item SEE ALSO +=item COPYRIGHT +=head2 Pod::Text - convert POD data to formatted ASCII text -=head2 Safe - Safe extension module for Perl +=item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION - -a new namespace, an operator mask - -=over - -=item Operator masks - - -=item Methods in class Safe - - -NAMESPACE, MASK, root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK), trap (OP, ...), untrap -(OP, ...), share (VARNAME, ...), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo -(FILENAME) - -=item Subroutines in package Safe - - -ops_to_mask (OP, ...), mask_to_ops (MASK), opcode (OP, ...), opname -(OP, ...), fullmask, emptymask, MAXO, op_mask - =item AUTHOR +=item TODO +=head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files +=item SYNOPSIS -=back - - - +=item DESCRIPTION =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file =item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION - - - - =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle =item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION - - - - =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand =item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION - =over =item The __DATA__ token - =item SelfLoader autoloading - =item Autoloading and package lexicals - =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader - =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle. - =item Classes and inherited methods. - - - =back =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names - - - - -=head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load -the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators +=head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl =item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION +=item AUTHOR -inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_LOOPBACK, -INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, -pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, -sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, -unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN +=head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C +socket.h defines and structure manipulators +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION +inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST, +INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in +SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in +SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN, +pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names =item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION - - - - =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname =item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION - =item AUTHOR - - - - -=head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - -Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls +=head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl +interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls =item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION +openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args, +setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_03) +Sets the socket type to be used for the next call to +C or C. -openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $mask, $format, -@args, setlogmask $mask_priority, closelog +A value of 'unix' will connect to the UNIX domain socket returned by +C<_PATH_LOG> in F. If F fails to define +C<_PATH_LOG>, C returns C; otherwise a true value is +returned. A value of 'inet' will connect to an INET socket returned by +getservbyname(). Any other value croaks, closelog =item EXAMPLES - =item DEPENDENCIES - =item SEE ALSO - =item AUTHOR - - - - =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface =item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION - =item EXAMPLES - - - - =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module =item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION - -Attempts word completion. Cannot be changed, ^D, ^U, , +EtabE, ^D, ^U, EdelE, EbsE =item DIAGNOSTICS - =item BUGS - =item AUTHOR +=head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C packages. If +no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions. +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION +=item Minimal set of supported functions -=head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C packages. -If no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic -functions. +C, C, C, C, C, $C, +C, C, Attribs, C -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Additional supported functions +C, C, C -=item DESCRIPTION +=item EXPORTS +=item ENVIRONMENT -=item Minimal set of supported functions +=head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts +=item SYNOPSIS -C, C, C, C, C, $C, -C, C, C +=item DESCRIPTION -=item EXPORTS +=item TEST TYPES +NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS +=item ONFAIL +=item SEE ALSO +=item AUTHOR =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics =item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION - =over =item The test script output - - - =back =item EXPORT - =item DIAGNOSTICS - C, C, C, C, C +%s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C, C, C =item SEE ALSO - =item AUTHORS - =item BUGS +=head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION +=item EXAMPLE -=head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list +=head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of +arrays =item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION +=item EXAMPLES + +0a simple word, 1multiple spaces are skipped because of our $delim, 2use of +quotes to include a space in a word, 3use of a backslash to include a space +in a word, 4use of a backslash to remove the special meaning of a +double-quote, 5another simple word (note the lack of effect of the +backslashed double-quote) -=item EXAMPLE +=item AUTHORS + +=head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described +by Knuth +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION +=item EXAMPLES +=item LIMITATIONS +=item AUTHOR -=head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as -Described by Knuth +=head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and +unexpand(1) =item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR -=item EXAMPLES +=head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs +=item SYNOPSIS -=item LIMITATIONS +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item EXAMPLE +=item BUGS =item AUTHOR +=head2 Thread - multithreading + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item FUNCTIONS + +new \&start_sub, new \&start_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, +Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE, +cond_broadcast VARIABLE + +=item METHODS +join, eval, tid +=item LIMITATIONS +=item SEE ALSO -=head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs +=head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues =item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS + +new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending + +=item SEE ALSO + +=head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores + +=item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION +=item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS -=item AUTHOR +new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER +=head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION +=item BUGS -=head2 Text::Wrap -- wrap text into a paragraph +=head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys =item SYNOPSIS +=head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays -=item DESCRIPTION +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION -=item AUTHOR +TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index, +FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, CLEAR this, +DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, +SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST + +=item CAVEATS + +=item AUTHOR +=head2 Tie::Handle - base class definitions for tied handles +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION +TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this, +LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset, +READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this +=item MORE INFORMATION =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes =item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION - -TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, -FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, -key, CLEAR this +TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY +this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this =item CAVEATS - =item MORE INFORMATION +=head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item EXAMPLE +=item AUTHOR +=item VERSION +=item SEE ALSO =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied scalars =item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION - TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this =item MORE INFORMATION +=head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION +=item CAVEATS -=head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing +=head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time =item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION + +=head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime() +function + +=item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION +=item NOTE -=item CAVEATS +=item AUTHOR + +=head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime() +function + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item NOTE +=item AUTHOR + +=head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION +=item AUTHOR -=head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute tome from local and GMT time +=head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references) =item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION + +isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), UNIVERSAL::isa ( +VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL, METHOD ) + +=head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() +functions + +=item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION +=item NOTE + +=item AUTHOR + +=head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() +functions + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION +=item NOTE +=item AUTHOR =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION -Here should be listed all the extra program's docs, but they don't all -have man pages yet: +Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they +don't all have manual pages yet: =item a2p @@ -3178,10 +4954,8 @@ have man pages yet: =item wrapsuid - =head1 AUTHOR -Larry Wall EFE, with the help of oodles of -other folks. - +Larry Wall >, with the help of oodles +of other folks.