X-Git-Url: http://git.shadowcat.co.uk/gitweb/gitweb.cgi?a=blobdiff_plain;f=pod%2Fperltoc.pod;h=accb11ccd9eb534051b97eca14ae9f0988690c5a;hb=65841adfea0063c2125e7f78a10d9963c5625f4f;hp=02d3dd30140a7c820eb109a69c47062c575a32b2;hpb=f86702ccfcc3646d7aa30b09ce4f4413be9f99d1;p=p5sagit%2Fp5-mst-13.2.git diff --git a/pod/perltoc.pod b/pod/perltoc.pod index 02d3dd3..accb11c 100644 --- a/pod/perltoc.pod +++ b/pod/perltoc.pod @@ -13,20 +13,25 @@ through to locate the proper section you're looking for. =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language +=over + =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -Many usability enhancements, Simplified grammar, Lexical scoping, -Arbitrarily nested data structures, Modularity and reusability, -Object-oriented programming, Embeddable and Extensible, POSIX compliant, -Package constructors and destructors, Multiple simultaneous DBM -implementations, Subroutine definitions may now be autoloaded, Regular -expression enhancements, Innumerable Unbundled Modules, Compilability +modularity and reusability using innumerable modules, embeddable and +extensible, roll-your-own magic variables (including multiple simultaneous +DBM implementations), subroutines can now be overridden, autoloaded, and +prototyped, arbitrarily nested data structures and anonymous functions, +object-oriented programming, compilability into C code or Perl bytecode, +support for light-weight processes (threads), support for +internationalization, localization, and Unicode, lexical scoping, regular +expression enhancements, enhanced debugger and interactive Perl +environment, with integrated editor support, POSIX 1003.1 compliant library -=item ENVIRONMENT +=item AVAILABILITY -HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5DB, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERLLIB +=item ENVIRONMENT =item AUTHOR @@ -40,120 +45,330 @@ HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5DB, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERLLIB =item NOTES -=head2 perldelta - what's new for perl5.004 +=back -=item DESCRIPTION +=head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23 +20:38:02 $) -=item Supported Environments +=over -=item Core Changes +=item DESCRIPTION + +perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ, L: General Questions +About Perl, What is Perl?, Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it +free?, Which version of Perl should I use?, What are perl4 and perl5?, What +is perl6?, How stable is Perl?, Is Perl difficult to learn?, How does Perl +compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, Scheme, or Tcl?, Can +I do [task] in Perl?, When shouldn't I program in Perl?, What's the +difference between "perl" and "Perl"?, Is it a Perl program or a Perl +script?, What is a JAPH?, Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?, +How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version +(5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language)?, L: Obtaining and +Learning about Perl, What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?, How +can I get a binary version of Perl?, I don't have a C compiler on my +system. How can I compile perl?, I copied the Perl binary from one machine +to another, but scripts don't work, I grabbed the sources and tried to +compile but gdbm/dynamic loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make +it work?, What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is +CPAN? What does CPAN/src/... mean?, Is there an ISO or ANSI certified +version of Perl?, Where can I get information on Perl?, What are the Perl +newsgroups on USENET? Where do I post questions?, Where should I post +source code?, Perl Books, Perl in Magazines, Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW +Access, What mailing lists are there for perl?, Archives of +comp.lang.perl.misc, Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?, Where +do I send bug reports?, What is perl.com?, L: Programming Tools, +How do I do (anything)?, How can I use Perl interactively?, Is there a Perl +shell?, How do I debug my Perl programs?, How do I profile my Perl +programs?, How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?, Is there a +pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?, Is there a ctags for Perl?, Is there +an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?, Where can I get Perl macros for vi?, Where +can I get perl-mode for emacs?, How can I use curses with Perl?, How can I +use X or Tk with Perl?, How can I generate simple menus without using CGI +or Tk?, What is undump?, How can I make my Perl program run faster?, How +can I make my Perl program take less memory?, Is it unsafe to return a +pointer to local data?, How can I free an array or hash so my program +shrinks?, How can I make my CGI script more efficient?, How can I hide the +source for my Perl program?, How can I compile my Perl program into byte +code or C?, How can I compile Perl into Java?, How can I get C<#!perl> to +work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?, Can I write useful perl programs on the command +line?, Why don't perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?, Where can +I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?, Where can I learn about +object-oriented Perl programming?, Where can I learn about linking C with +Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp], I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't +embed perl in my C program, what am I doing wrong?, When I tried to run my +script, I got this message. What does it mean?, What's MakeMaker?, +L: Data Manipulation, Why am I getting long decimals (eg, +19.9499999999999) instead of the numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?, +Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?, Does Perl have a round() +function? What about ceil() and floor()? Trig functions?, How do I +convert bits into ints?, Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?, How do I +multiply matrices?, How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?, +How can I output Roman numerals?, Why aren't my random numbers random?, How +do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?, How do I find the current +century or millennium?, How can I compare two dates and find the +difference?, How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?, How +can I find the Julian Day?, How do I find yesterday's date?, Does Perl have +a year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?, How do I validate input?, How +do I unescape a string?, How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?, +How do I expand function calls in a string?, How do I find matching/nesting +anything?, How do I reverse a string?, How do I expand tabs in a string?, +How do I reformat a paragraph?, How can I access/change the first N letters +of a string?, How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?, How can I +count the number of occurrences of a substring within a string?, How do I +capitalize all the words on one line?, How can I split a [character] +delimited string except when inside [character]? (Comma-separated files), +How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?, How do I +pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?, How do I extract +selected columns from a string?, How do I find the soundex value of a +string?, How can I expand variables in text strings?, What's wrong with +always quoting "$vars"?, Why don't my <: Files and Formats, How do I flush/unbuffer an output +filehandle? Why must I do this?, How do I change one line in a file/delete +a line in a file/insert a line in the middle of a file/append to the +beginning of a file?, How do I count the number of lines in a file?, How do +I make a temporary file name?, How can I manipulate fixed-record-length +files?, How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass +filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?, +How can I use a filehandle indirectly?, How can I set up a footer format to +be used with write()?, How can I write() into a string?, How can I output +my numbers with commas added?, How can I translate tildes (~) in a +filename?, How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?, Why do +I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?, Is there a +leak/bug in glob()?, How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing +blanks?, How can I reliably rename a file?, How can I lock a file?, Why +can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?, I still don't get locking. I just +want to increment the number in the file. How can I do this?, How do I +randomly update a binary file?, How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?, +How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?, How do I print to more than one +file at once?, How can I read in an entire file all at once?, How can I +read in a file by paragraphs?, How can I read a single character from a +file? From the keyboard?, How can I tell whether there's a character +waiting on a filehandle?, How do I do a C in perl?, How do I dup() +a filehandle in Perl?, How do I close a file descriptor by number?, Why +can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't `C:\temp\foo.exe` +work?, Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?, Why does Perl let me +delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber protected files? Isn't +this a bug in Perl?, How do I select a random line from a file?, Why do I +get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?, L: Regexps, How +can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible and +unmaintainable code?, I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. +What's wrong?, How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are +themselves on different lines?, I put a regular expression into $/ but it +didn't work. What's wrong?, How do I substitute case insensitively on the +LHS, but preserving case on the RHS?, How can I make C<\w> match national +character sets?, How can I match a locale-smart version of C?, +How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?, What is C really for?, +How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a file?, +Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?, What does it +mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?, How do I process +each word on each line?, How can I print out a word-frequency or +line-frequency summary?, How can I do approximate matching?, How do I +efficiently match many regular expressions at once?, Why don't +word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?, Why does using $&, $`, or +$' slow my program down?, What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?, Are +Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?, What's wrong with +using grep or map in a void context?, How can I match strings with +multibyte characters?, How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the +user?, L: General Perl Language Issues, Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE +for the Perl language?, What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how +do I know when to use them?, Do I always/never have to quote my strings or +use semicolons and commas?, How do I skip some return values?, How do I +temporarily block warnings?, What's an extension?, Why do Perl operators +have different precedence than C operators?, How do I declare/create a +structure?, How do I create a module?, How do I create a class?, How can I +tell if a variable is tainted?, What's a closure?, What is variable suicide +and how can I prevent it?, How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, +Array, Hash, Method, Regex}?, How do I create a static variable?, What's +the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? Between +local() and my()?, How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly +named lexical is in scope?, What's the difference between deep and shallow +binding?, Why doesn't "my($foo) = ;" work right?, How do I redefine a +builtin function, operator, or method?, What's the difference between +calling a function as &foo and foo()?, How do I create a switch or case +statement?, How can I catch accesses to undefined +variables/functions/methods?, Why can't a method included in this same file +be found?, How can I find out my current package?, How can I comment out a +large block of perl code?, How do I clear a package?, How can I use a +variable as a variable name?, L: System Interaction, How do I +find out which operating system I'm running under?, How come exec() doesn't +return?, How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?, How do I +print something out in color?, How do I read just one key without waiting +for a return key?, How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?, +How do I clear the screen?, How do I get the screen size?, How do I ask the +user for a password?, How do I read and write the serial port?, How do I +decode encrypted password files?, How do I start a process in the +background?, How do I trap control characters/signals?, How do I modify the +shadow password file on a Unix system?, How do I set the time and date?, +How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?, How can I measure time +under a second?, How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception +handling), Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? +What does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?, How can I call +my system's unique C functions from Perl?, Where do I get the include files +to do ioctl() or syscall()?, Why do setuid perl scripts complain about +kernel problems?, How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?, Why +can't I get the output of a command with system()?, How can I capture +STDERR from an external command?, Why doesn't open() return an error when a +pipe open fails?, What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?, How +can I call backticks without shell processing?, Why can't my script read +from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, ^Z on MS-DOS)?, How can I +convert my shell script to perl?, Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp +session?, How can I write expect in Perl?, Is there a way to hide perl's +command line from programs such as "ps"?, I {changed directory, modified my +environment} in a perl script. How come the change disappeared when I +exited the script? How do I get my changes to be visible?, How do I close +a process's filehandle without waiting for it to complete?, How do I fork a +daemon process?, How do I make my program run with sh and csh?, How do I +find out if I'm running interactively or not?, How do I timeout a slow +event?, How do I set CPU limits?, How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?, +How do I use an SQL database?, How do I make a system() exit on control-C?, +How do I open a file without blocking?, How do I install a module from +CPAN?, What's the difference between require and use?, How do I keep my own +module/library directory?, How do I add the directory my program lives in +to the module/library search path?, How do I add a directory to my include +path at runtime?, What is socket.ph and where do I get it?, L: +Networking, My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. +(500 Server Error), How can I get better error messages from a CGI +program?, How do I remove HTML from a string?, How do I extract URLs?, How +do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a file on +another machine?, How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?, How do I fetch an +HTML file?, How do I automate an HTML form submission?, How do I decode or +create those %-encodings on the web?, How do I redirect to another page?, +How do I put a password on my web pages?, How do I edit my .htpasswd and +.htgroup files with Perl?, How do I make sure users can't enter values into +a form that cause my CGI script to do bad things?, How do I parse a mail +header?, How do I decode a CGI form?, How do I check a valid mail address?, +How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?, How do I return the user's mail +address?, How do I send mail?, How do I read mail?, How do I find out my +hostname/domainname/IP address?, How do I fetch a news article or the +active newsgroups?, How do I fetch/put an FTP file?, How can I do RPC in +Perl? =over -=item Compilation Option: Binary Compatibility With 5.003 +=item Where to get this document -=item New Opcode Module and Revised Safe Module +=item How to contribute to this document -=item Internal Change: FileHandle Deprecated +=item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the +authors -=item Internal Change: PerlIO internal IO abstraction interface +=back -=item New and Changed Built-in Variables +=item Credits -$^E, $^H, $^M, $^S +=item Author and Copyright Information -=item New and Changed Built-in Functions +=over -delete on slices, flock, keys as an lvalue, my() in Control Structures, -unpack() and pack(), use VERSION, use Module VERSION LIST, -prototype(FUNCTION), $_ as Default, C does not trigger a pos() reset -on failure, nested C closures work now, formats work right on -changing lexicals +=item Bundled Distributions -=item New Built-in Methods +=item Disclaimer -isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ), class(), is_instance() +=back -=item TIEHANDLE Now Supported +=item Changes -TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, READLINE this, DESTROY this, -Efficiency Enhancements +23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98, 24/April/97, 23/April/97, +25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version, Initial Release: 11/March/97 =back -=item Pragmata +=head2 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents -use blib, use blib 'dir', use locale, use ops +=over -=item Modules +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item BASIC DOCUMENTATION =over -=item Installation Directories +=item perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language -=item Fcntl +SYNOPSIS, DESCRIPTION, AVAILABILITY, ENVIRONMENT, AUTHOR, FILES, SEE ALSO, +DIAGNOSTICS, BUGS, NOTES -=item Module Information Summary +=item perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23 +20:38:02 $) -=item IO +DESCRIPTION -=item Math::Complex +=back -=item DB_File +=back -=item Net::Ping +=head2 perlbook - Perl book information -=item Overridden Built-ins +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION =back -=item Utility Changes +=head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax =over -=item xsubpp +=item DESCRIPTION -C XSUBs now default to returning nothing +=over -=back +=item Declarations -=item C Language API Changes +=item Simple statements -C and C +=item Compound statements -=item Documentation Changes +=item Loop Control -L, L, L, L, L, -L +=item For Loops -=item New Diagnostics +=item Foreach Loops -"my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is -not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too -large, Attempt to free non-existent shared string, Attempt to use reference -as lvalue in substr, Unsupported function fork, Ill-formed logical name -|%s| in prime_env_iter, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict -refs" in use, Constant subroutine %s redefined, Died, Integer overflow in -hex number, Integer overflow in octal number, Name "%s::%s" used only once: -possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Stub found -while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Cannot -resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `s', Out of memory!, Out of -memory during request for %s, Possible attempt to put comments in qw() -list, Possible attempt to separate words with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} -better written as $%s{%s}, untie attempted while %d inner references still -exist, Value of %s construct can be "0"; test with defined(), Variable "%s" -may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared, Warning: -something's wrong, Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, -PERL_SH_DIR too long, Process terminated by SIG%s +=item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements -=item BUGS +=item Goto -=item SEE ALSO +=item PODs: Embedded Documentation -=item HISTORY +=item Plain Old Comments (Not!) + +=back + +=back =head2 perldata - Perl data types +=over + =item DESCRIPTION =over @@ -168,40 +383,20 @@ PERL_SH_DIR too long, Process terminated by SIG%s =item List value constructors +=item Slices + =item Typeglobs and Filehandles =back -=head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax - -=item DESCRIPTION - -=over - -=item Declarations - -=item Simple statements - -=item Compound statements - -=item Loop Control - -=item For Loops - -=item Foreach Loops - -=item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements - -=item Goto - -=item PODs: Embedded Documentation - -=item Plain Old Comments (Not!) +=item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence +=over + =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION @@ -240,7 +435,7 @@ PERL_SH_DIR too long, Process terminated by SIG%s =item C-style Logical Or -=item Range Operator +=item Range Operators =item Conditional Operator @@ -264,63 +459,84 @@ unary &, unary *, (TYPE) =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators -?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/gimosx, /PATTERN/gimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>, -qq/STRING/, "STRING", qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/, +?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>, +qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/, s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds +=item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs + +Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation, +C<<<'EOF'>, C, C, C, C, C<''>, C, C<"">, +C<``>, C, C, C<< >>, C, C, C, +C,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of +regular expressions + =item I/O Operators =item Constant Folding +=item Bitwise String Operators + =item Integer Arithmetic +=item Floating-point Arithmetic + +=item Bigger Numbers + =back -=head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions +=back -=item DESCRIPTION +=head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines -i, m, s, x +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION =over -=item Regular Expressions +=item Private Variables via my() -(?#text), (?:regexp), (?=regexp), (?!regexp), (?imsx) +=item Persistent Private Variables -=item Backtracking +=item Temporary Values via local() -=item Version 8 Regular Expressions +=item Lvalue subroutines -=item WARNING on \1 vs $1 +=item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs) -=back +=item When to Still Use local() -=head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter +1. You need to give a global variable a temporary value, especially $_, 2. +You need to create a local file or directory handle or a local function, 3. +You want to temporarily change just one element of an array or hash -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Pass by Reference -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Prototypes -=over +=item Constant Functions -=item Switches +=item Overriding Built-in Functions -B<-0>[I], B<-a>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I, B<-D>I, -B<-D>I, B<-e> I, B<-F>I, B<-h>, -B<-i>[I], B<-I>I, B<-l>[I], -B<-m>[B<->]I, B<-M>[B<->]I, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>, -B<-[mM]>[B<->]I, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>, -B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I, B<-w>, B<-x> I +=item Autoloading + +=item Subroutine Attributes + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions -=item DESCRIPTION +=over - I +=item DESCRIPTION =over @@ -338,50 +554,55 @@ communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted in perl5 +=item Portability + =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions --I FILEHANDLE, -I EXPR, -I, abs VALUE, abs, accept +I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, -binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, -chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, -chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, -close FILEHANDLE, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, -cos EXPR, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose ASSOC_ARRAY, dbmopen -ASSOC,DBNAME,MODE, defined EXPR, defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, -do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, each ASSOC_ARRAY, eof FILEHANDLE, -eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp -EXPR, exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock -FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE, LIST, getc -FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, -getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, -getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, -getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr -ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, -getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, -setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, -setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, -endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt -SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, -goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index -STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl -FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys ASSOC_ARRAY, kill LIST, +binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, +bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, +chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, +chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE, +connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, +dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete +EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump, +each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, +exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl +FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, +fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, +getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam +NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname +NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr +ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, +getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, +getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent +STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, +endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, +getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, +goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, +import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl +FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, -log EXPR, log, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, -map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MODE, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, -msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, my EXPR, next LABEL, -next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, -opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package -NAMESPACE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, -print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, -printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, -qq/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, -rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, -readdir DIRHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LEN,FLAGS, -redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require EXPR, -require, reset EXPR, reset, return LIST, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, -rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, -scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select +lock, log EXPR, log, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK +LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl +ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd +ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module +LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open +FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, pack +TEMPLATE,LIST, package, package NAMESPACE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop +ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, +printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, +push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, +quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read +FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir +DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv +SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename +OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset, +return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex +STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar +EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority @@ -391,2706 +612,11535 @@ shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, -splice ARRAY,OFFSET, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, -split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, -stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, -sub NAME BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LEN, substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink -OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen -FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, -sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, system LIST, syswrite -FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, tell -FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied -VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate -EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef -EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, -unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module LIST, use Module, use Module VERSION LIST, -use VERSION, utime LIST, values ASSOC_ARRAY, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, -waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, -write, y/// +splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split +/PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, +sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, +study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr +EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr +EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen +FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread +FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek +FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite +FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, +syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie +VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate +FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, +ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack +TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST, +use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST, +values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn +LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y/// =back -=head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables +=back -=item DESCRIPTION +=head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references =over -=item Predefined Names +=item DESCRIPTION -$ARG, $_, $EIE, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $', -$LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, input_line_number HANDLE -EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, -$INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, -$|, output_field_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, -output_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, -$LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, -format_page_number HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, -format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, -format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, format_name HANDLE -EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~, format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^, -format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, -$:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, -$CHILD_ERROR, $?, $SYSTEM_CHILD_STATUS, $^S, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, -$EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, -$REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, -$GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, -$PERL_VERSION, $], $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, -$INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, $BASETIME, $^T, $WARNING, -$^W, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, %INC, $ENV{expr}, -$SIG{expr} +=item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures? -=back +=item The Solution -=head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines +=item Syntax -=item SYNOPSIS +=over -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Making References -=over +=item Using References -=item Private Variables via my() +=back -=item Temporary Values via local() +=item An Example -=item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs) +=item Arrow Rule -=item Pass by Reference +=item Solution -=item Prototypes +=item The Rest -=item Constant Functions +=item Summary -=item Overriding Builtin Functions +=item Credits -=item Autoloading +=over -=back +=item Distribution Conditions -=item SEE ALSO +=back -=head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages) +=back -=item DESCRIPTION +=head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook =over -=item Packages - -=item Symbol Tables +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Package Constructors and Destructors +arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes, +more elaborate constructs -=item Perl Classes +=item REFERENCES -=item Perl Modules +=item COMMON MISTAKES -=back +=item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE -=item NOTE +=item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C -=item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY +=item DEBUGGING -=over +=item CODE EXAMPLES -=item Pragmatic Modules +=item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS -blib, diagnostics, integer, less, lib, locale, ops, overload, sigtrap, -strict, subs, vars +=over -=item Standard Modules +=item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS -AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, Benchmark, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, -CPAN::Nox, Carp, Class::Template, Config, Cwd, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, -DirHandle, DynaLoader, English, Env, Exporter, ExtUtils::Embed, -ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, -ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, -ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, -Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, -File::Find, File::Path, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin, -GDBM_File, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IO, IO::File, -IO::Handle, IO::Pipe, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IPC::Open2, -IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, NDBM_File, -Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, Opcode, -Pod::Text, POSIX, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, -Shell, Socket, Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::Cap, -Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, -Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Tie::Hash, -Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, -Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent +=item Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS -=item Extension Modules +=item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS =back -=item CPAN +=item HASHES OF ARRAYS -Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating -System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess -Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces, -User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages, -File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String -Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option, -Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing, -Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption, -World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities, -Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, -and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and -exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities, -Miscellaneous Modules +=over -=item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse +=item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS -=over +=item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS -=item Guidelines for Module Creation +=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS -Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new -module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select -what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?, -README and other Additional Files, A description of the -module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites -- what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to -Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release, -especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in -the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a -version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take -care when changing a released module +=back -=item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules +=item ARRAYS OF HASHES -There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications, -Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started, -Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from ' -to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes +=over -=item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code +=item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES -Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many -applications contain some perl code which could be reused, Break-out the -reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity -to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application' -can then be reduced to a small +=item Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES -=back +=item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES -=head2 perlform - Perl formats +=back -=item DESCRIPTION +=item HASHES OF HASHES =over -=item Format Variables +=item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES + +=item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES + +=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES =back -=item NOTES +=item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS =over -=item Footers +=item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS -=item Accessing Formatting Internals +=item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS + +=item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS =back -=item WARNINGS +=item Database Ties -=head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and -localization) +=item SEE ALSO -=item DESCRIPTION +=item AUTHOR -=item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES +=back -=item USING LOCALES +=head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start =over -=item The use locale pragma +=item DESCRIPTION -=item The setlocale function +=item The Guide -=item The localeconv function +=over -=back +=item Simple word matching -=item LOCALE CATEGORIES +=item Using character classes -=over +\d is a digit and represents [0-9], \s is a whitespace character and +represents [\ \t\r\n\f], \w is a word character (alphanumeric or _) and +represents [0-9a-zA-Z_], \D is a negated \d; it represents any character +but a digit [^0-9], \S is a negated \s; it represents any non-whitespace +character [^\s], \W is a negated \w; it represents any non-word character +[^\w], The period '.' matches any character but "\n" -=item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation +=item Matching this or that -=item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types +=item Grouping things and hierarchical matching -=item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting +=item Extracting matches -=item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts +=item Matching repetitions -=item LC_TIME +C = match 'a' 1 or 0 times, C = match 'a' 0 or more times, i.e., +any number of times, C = match 'a' 1 or more times, i.e., at least +once, C = match at least C times, but not more than C times, +C = match at least C or more times, C = match exactly C +times -=item Other categories +=item More matching + +=item Search and replace + +=item The split operator =back -=item SECURITY +=item BUGS -B (C, C, C, C and C):, -B (with C<\l>, C<\L>, C<\u> or <\U>), -B (C):, B (C):, -B (sprintf()):, B (printf() and write()):, B (lc(), -lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, B -(localeconv(), strcoll(),strftime(), strxfrm()):, B (isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(),isgraph(), islower(), isprint(), -ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(), -isxdigit()): +=item SEE ALSO -=item ENVIRONMENT +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC, -LC_TIME, LANG +=over -=item NOTES +=item Acknowledgments + +=back + +=back + +=head2 perlpod - plain old documentation =over -=item Backward compatibility +=item DESCRIPTION -=item I18N:Collate obsolete +=over -=item Sort speed and memory use impacts +=item Verbatim Paragraph -=item write() and LC_NUMERIC +=item Command Paragraph -=item Freely available locale definitions +=item Ordinary Block of Text -=item I18n and l10n +=item The Intent -=item An imperfect standard +=item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules + +=item Common Pod Pitfalls =back -=item BUGS +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide =over -=item Broken systems +=item DESCRIPTION =back -=item SEE ALSO - -=item HISTORY +=head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary -=head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures +=over =item DESCRIPTION =over -=item Symbolic references +=item Awk Traps -=item Not-so-symbolic references +=item C Traps -=back +=item Sed Traps -=item WARNING +=item Shell Traps -=item SEE ALSO +=item Perl Traps -=head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook +=item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps -=item DESCRIPTION +Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical +Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts, +Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc, +Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps -arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes, -more elaborate constructs +=item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps -=item REFERENCES +Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, +Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, +Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance -=item COMMON MISTAKES +=item Parsing Traps -=item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE +Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing -=item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C +=item Numerical Traps -=item DEBUGGING +Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops -=item CODE EXAMPLES +=item General data type traps -=item LISTS OF LISTS +(Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String), +(Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide) -=over +=item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts + +(list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin) -=item Declaration of a LIST OF LISTS +=item Precedence Traps -=item Generation of a LIST OF LISTS +Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, +Precedence -=item Access and Printing of a LIST OF LISTS +=item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc. -=back +Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular +Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, +Regular Expression -=item HASHES OF LISTS +=item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps -=over +(Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle -=item Declaration of a HASH OF LISTS +=item OS Traps -=item Generation of a HASH OF LISTS +(SysV), (SysV) -=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF LISTS +=item Interpolation Traps -=back +Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, +Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation -=item LISTS OF HASHES +=item DBM Traps -=over +DBM, DBM -=item Declaration of a LIST OF HASHES +=item Unclassified Traps -=item Generation of a LIST OF HASHES +C/C trap using returned value, C on empty string with +LIMIT specified -=item Access and Printing of a LIST OF HASHES +=back =back -=item HASHES OF HASHES +=head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter =over -=item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES - -=item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES +=item DESCRIPTION -=back +=over -=item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS +=item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems -=over +OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS -=item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS +=item Location of Perl -=item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS +=item Command Switches -=item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS +B<-0>[I], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I, +B<-D>I, B<-D>I, B<-e> I, B<-F>I, +B<-h>, B<-i>[I], B<-I>I, B<-l>[I], +B<-m>[B<->]I, B<-M>[B<->]I, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>, +B<-[mM]>[B<->]I, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>, +B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>, +B<-x> I =back -=item Database Ties +=item ENVIRONMENT -=item SEE ALSO +HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL +(specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, +PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port) -=item AUTHOR +=back + +=head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics -=head2 perllol, perlLoL - Manipulating Lists of Lists in Perl +=over =item DESCRIPTION -=item Declaration and Access of Lists of Lists +=back -=item Growing Your Own +=head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings -=item Access and Printing +=over -=item Slices +=item DESCRIPTION -=item SEE ALSO +=over -=item AUTHOR +=item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings -=head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl +=item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W> -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line -=item Creating a Class +B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X> -=over +=item Backward Compatibility -=item Object Representation +=item Category Hierarchy -=item Class Interface +=item Fatal Warnings -=item Constructors and Instance Methods +=item Reporting Warnings from a Module -=item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors +=back -=item Destructors +=item TODO -=item Other Object Methods +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR =back -=item Class Data +=head2 perldebug - Perl debugging =over -=item Accessing Class Data +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Debugging Methods +=item The Perl Debugger -=item Class Destructors +=over -=item Documenting the Interface +=item Debugger Commands -=back +h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n +[expr], r, , c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, +-, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr, +b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname +[condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line] +command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O +option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >> +command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! +cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man [manpage] -=item Aggregation +=item Configurable Options -=item Inheritance +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C -=over +=item Debugger input/output -=item Overridden Methods +Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame +listing -=item Multiple Inheritance +=item Debugging compile-time statements -=item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects +=item Debugger Customization + +=item Readline Support + +=item Editor Support for Debugging + +=item The Perl Profiler =back -=item Alternate Object Representations +=item Debugging regular expressions -=over +=item Debugging memory usage -=item Arrays as Objects +=item SEE ALSO -=item Closures as Objects +=item BUGS =back -=item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods +=head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables =over -=item Autoloaded Data Methods +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods +=over + +=item Predefined Names + +$ARG, $_, $>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $', +$LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, +input_line_number HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, +input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, +autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE +EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE +EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", +$SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE +EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR, +$FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR, +$FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, @-, C<$`> is the same as +C, C<$&> is the same as C, C<$'> is the same as C, C<$1> is the same +as C, C<$2> is the same as +C, C<$3> is the same as C, format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~, +format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^, +format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, +$:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, +$CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, +$EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, +$EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, +$EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, +$DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, +$OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, +0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, +$BASETIME, $^T, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, +${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC, +%ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr} + +=item Error Indicators + +=item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names =back -=item Metaclassical Tools +=item BUGS -=over +=back -=item Class::Template +=head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl -=item Data Members as Variables +=over -=item NOTES +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Object Terminology +=item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays -=back +=item Growing Your Own -=item SEE ALSO +=item Access and Printing -=item COPYRIGHT +=item Slices -=over +=item SEE ALSO -=item Acknowledgments +=item AUTHOR =back -=head2 perlobj - Perl objects +=head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl + +=over =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=item Open E la shell -=item An Object is Simply a Reference +=over -=item A Class is Simply a Package +=item Simple Opens -=item A Method is Simply a Subroutine +=item Pipe Opens -=item Method Invocation +=item The Minus File -=item Default UNIVERSAL methods +=item Mixing Reads and Writes -isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ), class(), is_instance() +=item Filters -=item Destructors +=back -=item WARNING +=item Open E la C -=item Summary +=over -=item Two-Phased Garbage Collection +=item Permissions E la mode =back -=item SEE ALSO +=item Obscure Open Tricks -=head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable +=over -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Re-Opening Files (dups) -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Dispelling the Dweomer -=over +=item Paths as Opens -=item Tying Scalars +=item Single Argument Open -TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this +=item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT -=item Tying Arrays +=back -TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value, -DESTROY this +=item Other I/O Issues -=item Tying Hashes +=over -USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE -this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY -this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this +=item Opening Non-File Files -=item Tying FileHandles +=item Binary Files -TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, READLINE this, DESTROY this +=item File Locking =back -=item SEE ALSO +=item SEE ALSO -=item BUGS +=item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT -=item AUTHOR +=item HISTORY -=head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT) +=back + +=head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial + +=over =item DESCRIPTION -=item OO SCALING TIPS +=item Part 1: The basics -=item INSTANCE VARIABLES +=over -=item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES +=item Simple word matching + +=item Using character classes + +\d is a digit and represents [0-9], \s is a whitespace character and +represents [\ \t\r\n\f], \w is a word character (alphanumeric or _) and +represents [0-9a-zA-Z_], \D is a negated \d; it represents any character +but a digit [^0-9], \S is a negated \s; it represents any non-whitespace +character [^\s], \W is a negated \w; it represents any non-word character +[^\w], The period '.' matches any character but "\n", no modifiers (//): +Default behavior. C<'.'> matches any character except C<"\n">. C<^> +matches only at the beginning of the string and C<$> matches only at the +end or before a newline at the end, s modifier (//s): Treat string as a +single long line. C<'.'> matches any character, even C<"\n">. C<^> +matches only at the beginning of the string and C<$> matches only at the +end or before a newline at the end, m modifier (//m): Treat string as a set +of multiple lines. C<'.'> matches any character except C<"\n">. C<^> and +C<$> are able to match at the start or end of I line within the +string, both s and m modifiers (//sm): Treat string as a single long line, +but detect multiple lines. C<'.'> matches any character, even C<"\n">. +C<^> and C<$>, however, are able to match at the start or end of I +line within the string + +=item Matching this or that + +=item Grouping things and hierarchical matching + +0 Start with the first letter in the string 'a', 1 Try the first +alternative in the first group 'abd', 2 Match 'a' followed by 'b'. So far +so good, 3 'd' in the regexp doesn't match 'c' in the string - a dead end. +So backtrack two characters and pick the second alternative in the first +group 'abc', 4 Match 'a' followed by 'b' followed by 'c'. We are on a roll +and have satisfied the first group. Set $1 to 'abc', 5 Move on to the +second group and pick the first alternative 'df', 6 Match the 'd', 7 'f' in +the regexp doesn't match 'e' in the string, so a dead end. Backtrack one +character and pick the second alternative in the second group 'd', 8 'd' +matches. The second grouping is satisfied, so set $2 to 'd', 9 We are at +the end of the regexp, so we are done! We have matched 'abcd' out of the +string "abcde" + +=item Extracting matches + +=item Matching repetitions + +C = match 'a' 1 or 0 times, C = match 'a' 0 or more times, i.e., +any number of times, C = match 'a' 1 or more times, i.e., at least +once, C = match at least C times, but not more than C times, +C = match at least C or more times, C = match exactly C +times, Principle 0: Taken as a whole, any regexp will be matched at the +earliest possible position in the string, Principle 1: In an alternation +C, the leftmost alternative that allows a match for the whole +regexp will be the one used, Principle 2: The maximal matching quantifiers +C, C<*>, C<+> and C<{n,m}> will in general match as much of the string +as possible while still allowing the whole regexp to match, Principle 3: If +there are two or more elements in a regexp, the leftmost greedy quantifier, +if any, will match as much of the string as possible while still allowing +the whole regexp to match. The next leftmost greedy quantifier, if any, +will try to match as much of the string remaining available to it as +possible, while still allowing the whole regexp to match. And so on, until +all the regexp elements are satisfied, C = match 'a' 0 or 1 times. Try +0 first, then 1, C = match 'a' 0 or more times, i.e., any number of +times, but as few times as possible, C = match 'a' 1 or more times, +i.e., at least once, but as few times as possible, C = match at +least C times, not more than C times, as few times as possible, +C = match at least C times, but as few times as possible, +C = match exactly C times. Because we match exactly C times, +C is equivalent to C and is just there for notational +consistency, Principle 3: If there are two or more elements in a regexp, +the leftmost greedy (non-greedy) quantifier, if any, will match as much +(little) of the string as possible while still allowing the whole regexp to +match. The next leftmost greedy (non-greedy) quantifier, if any, will try +to match as much (little) of the string remaining available to it as +possible, while still allowing the whole regexp to match. And so on, until +all the regexp elements are satisfied, 0 Start with the first letter in the +string 't', 1 The first quantifier '.*' starts out by matching the whole +string 'the cat in the hat', 2 'a' in the regexp element 'at' doesn't match +the end of the string. Backtrack one character, 3 'a' in the regexp +element 'at' still doesn't match the last letter of the string 't', so +backtrack one more character, 4 Now we can match the 'a' and the 't', 5 +Move on to the third element '.*'. Since we are at the end of the string +and '.*' can match 0 times, assign it the empty string, 6 We are done! + +=item Building a regexp + +specifying the task in detail,, breaking down the problem into smaller +parts,, translating the small parts into regexps,, combining the regexps,, +and optimizing the final combined regexp + +=item Using regular expressions in Perl -=item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE +=back -=item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS +=item Part 2: Power tools -=item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS +=over -=item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM +=item More on characters, strings, and character classes -=item THINKING OF CODE REUSE +=item Compiling and saving regular expressions -=item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT +=item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression -=item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR +=item Non-capturing groupings -=item DELEGATION +=item Looking ahead and looking behind -=head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, -safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores) +=item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Conditional expressions -=item Signals +=item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression -=item Named Pipes +=item Pragmas and debugging -=item Using open() for IPC +=back + +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =over -=item Safe Pipe Opens +=item Acknowledgments -=item Bidirectional Communication +=back =back -=item Sockets: Client/Server Communication +=head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures =over -=item Internet TCP Clients and Servers +=item NOTE -=item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers +=item DESCRIPTION -=item UDP: Message Passing +=over -=back +=item Making References -=item SysV IPC +=item Using References -=item WARNING +=item Symbolic references -=item NOTES +=item Not-so-symbolic references -=item BUGS +=item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash -=item AUTHOR +=item Function Templates + +=back + +=item WARNING =item SEE ALSO -=head2 perldebug - Perl debugging +=back + +=head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions + +=over =item DESCRIPTION -=item The Perl Debugger +i, m, s, x =over -=item Debugger Commands - -h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n -[expr], ECRE, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l -subname, -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]pattern], -t, t expr, b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname -[condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line] -command, A, O [opt[=val]] [opt"val"] [opt?].., C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, E [ command ], EE command, E command, -EE command, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! -pattern, !! cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, = [alias value], -command, m expr, m package +=item Regular Expressions -=item Debugger input/output +cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit -Prompt, Multi-line commands, Stack backtrace, Listing, Frame listing +=item Extended Patterns -=item Debugging compile-time statements +C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>, +C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?, C<(?{ +code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>, +C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)> -=item Debugger Customization +=item Backtracking -=item Readline Support +=item Version 8 Regular Expressions -=item Editor Support for Debugging +=item Warning on \1 vs $1 -=item The Perl Profiler +=item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring -=item Debugger support in perl +=item Combining pieces together -=item Debugger Internals +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>, +C<(?!S)>, C<(?, C<(??{ EXPR })>, +C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)> -=item Other resources +=item Creating custom RE engines =back =item BUGS -=head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics - -=item DESCRIPTION +=item SEE ALSO -=head2 perlsec - Perl security +=back -=item DESCRIPTION +=head2 perlform - Perl formats =over -=item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Cleaning Up Your Path +=over -=item Security Bugs +=item Format Variables =back -=head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary - -=item DESCRIPTION +=item NOTES =over -=item Awk Traps +=item Footers -=item C Traps +=item Accessing Formatting Internals -=item Sed Traps +=back -=item Shell Traps +=item WARNINGS -=item Perl Traps +=back -=item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps +=head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and +localization) -Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical -Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts, -Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc, -Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps +=over -=item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps +=item DESCRIPTION -Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, -Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, -Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance +=item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES -=item Parsing Traps +=item USING LOCALES -Parsing, Parsing, Parsing +=over -=item Numerical Traps +=item The use locale pragma -Numerical, Numerical, Numerical +=item The setlocale function -=item General data type traps +=item Finding locales -(Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Scalar String), (Constants), -(Scalars), (Variable Suicide) +=item LOCALE PROBLEMS -=item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts +=item Temporarily fixing locale problems -(list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin) +=item Permanently fixing locale problems -=item Precedence Traps +=item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration -Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, -Precedence +=item Fixing system locale configuration -=item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc. +=item The localeconv function -Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular -Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, -Regular Expression +=back -=item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps +=item LOCALE CATEGORIES -(Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle +=over -=item OS Traps +=item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation -(SysV), (SysV) +=item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types -=item Interpolation Traps +=item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting -Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, -Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation +=item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts -=item DBM Traps +=item LC_TIME -DBM, DBM +=item Other categories -=item Unclassified Traps +=back -Unclassified +=item SECURITY -=back +B (C, C, C, C and C):, +B (with C<\l>, C<\L>, C<\u> or C<\U>), +B (C):, B (C):, +B (printf() and write()):, B (lc(), lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, B (localeconv(), strcoll(), strftime(), strxfrm()):, B (isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(), isgraph(), +islower(), isprint(), ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(), isxdigit()): -=head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide +=item ENVIRONMENT -=item DESCRIPTION +PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, +LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG -=head2 perlpod - plain old documentation +=item NOTES -=item DESCRIPTION +=over -=item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules +=item Backward compatibility -=item Common Pod Pitfalls +=item I18N:Collate obsolete -=item SEE ALSO +=item Sort speed and memory use impacts -=item AUTHOR +=item write() and LC_NUMERIC -=head2 perlbook - Perl book information +=item Freely available locale definitions -=item DESCRIPTION +=item I18n and l10n -=head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program +=item An imperfect standard -=item DESCRIPTION +=back + +=item BUGS =over -=item PREAMBLE +=item Broken systems -B, B, B, B, B +=back -=item ROADMAP +=item SEE ALSO -=item Compiling your C program +=item HISTORY -=item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program +=back -=item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program +=head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl -=item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program +=over -=item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program +=over -=item Maintaining a persistent interpreter +=item Important Caveat -=item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances +Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C still needed +to enable a few features -=item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C -program +=item Byte and Character semantics + +=item Effects of character semantics + +=item Character encodings for input and output =back -=item MORAL +=item CAVEATS -=item AUTHOR +=item SEE ALSO -=item COPYRIGHT +=back -=head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface. +=head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, +safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores) -=item SYNOPSIS +=over =item DESCRIPTION -B, B, B, B, -B, B, -B, B, -B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B +=item Signals -=over +=item Named Pipes -=item Co-existence with stdio +=over -B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B +=item WARNING =back -=head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual - -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Using open() for IPC =over -=item Introduction +=item Filehandles -=item On The Road - -=item The Anatomy of an XSUB - -=item The Argument Stack - -=item The RETVAL Variable - -=item The MODULE Keyword - -=item The PACKAGE Keyword - -=item The PREFIX Keyword - -=item The OUTPUT: Keyword +=item Background Processes -=item The CODE: Keyword +=item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent -=item The INIT: Keyword +=item Safe Pipe Opens -=item The NO_INIT Keyword +=item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process -=item Initializing Function Parameters +=item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself -=item Default Parameter Values +=back -=item The PREINIT: Keyword +=item Sockets: Client/Server Communication -=item The SCOPE: Keyword +=over -=item The INPUT: Keyword +=item Internet Line Terminators -=item Variable-length Parameter Lists +=item Internet TCP Clients and Servers -=item The PPCODE: Keyword +=item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers -=item Returning Undef And Empty Lists +=back -=item The REQUIRE: Keyword +=item TCP Clients with IO::Socket -=item The CLEANUP: Keyword +=over -=item The BOOT: Keyword +=item A Simple Client -=item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword +C, C, C -=item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword +=item A Webget Client -=item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword +=item Interactive Client with IO::Socket -=item The ALIAS: Keyword +=back -=item The INCLUDE: Keyword +=item TCP Servers with IO::Socket -=item The CASE: Keyword +Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse -=item The & Unary Operator +=item UDP: Message Passing -=item Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives +=item SysV IPC -=item Using XS With C++ +=item NOTES -=item Interface Strategy +=item BUGS -=item Perl Objects And C Structures +=item AUTHOR -=item The Typemap +=item SEE ALSO =back -=item EXAMPLES - -=item XS VERSION +=head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation -=item AUTHOR +=over -=head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for XSUBs +=item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over -=item VERSION CAVEAT +=item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes -=item DYNAMIC VERSUS STATIC +$$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept +filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to +files, directories and network sockets -=item EXAMPLE 1 +=item Resource limits -=item EXAMPLE 2 +=item Killing the parent process -=item WHAT HAS GONE ON? +=item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes -=item WRITING GOOD TEST SCRIPTS +=item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS -=item EXAMPLE 3 +BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented, +Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger +application, Thread-safety of extensions -=item WHAT'S NEW HERE? +=back -=item INPUT AND OUTPUT PARAMETERS +=item BUGS -=item THE XSUBPP COMPILER +=item AUTHOR -=item THE TYPEMAP FILE +=item SEE ALSO -=item WARNING +=back -=item EXAMPLE 4 +=head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl -=item WHAT HAS HAPPENED HERE? +=over -=item SPECIFYING ARGUMENTS TO XSUBPP +=item SYNOPSIS -=item THE ARGUMENT STACK +=item DESCRIPTION -=item EXTENDING YOUR EXTENSION +=item Storing numbers -=item DOCUMENTING YOUR EXTENSION +=item Numeric operators and numeric conversions -=item INSTALLING YOUR EXTENSION +=item Flavors of Perl numeric operations -=item SEE ALSO +Arithmetic operators except, C, Arithmetic operators except, +C, Bitwise operators, C, Bitwise operators, C, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a +string -=item Author +=item AUTHOR -=item Last Changed +=item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 perlguts - Perl's Internal Functions +=head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl + +=over =item DESCRIPTION -=item Variables +=item What Is A Thread Anyway? -=over +=item Threaded Program Models -=item Datatypes +=over -=item What is an "IV"? +=item Boss/Worker -=item Working with SV's +=item Work Crew -=item What's Really Stored in an SV? +=item Pipeline -=item Working with AV's +=back -=item Working with HV's +=item Native threads -=item References +=item What kind of threads are perl threads? -=item Blessed References and Class Objects +=item Threadsafe Modules -=item Creating New Variables +=item Thread Basics -=item Reference Counts and Mortality +=over -=item Stashes and Globs +=item Basic Thread Support -=item Double-Typed SV's +=item Creating Threads -=item Magic Variables +=item Giving up control -=item Assigning Magic +=item Waiting For A Thread To Exit -=item Magic Virtual Tables +=item Errors In Threads -=item Finding Magic +=item Ignoring A Thread =back -=item Subroutines +=item Threads And Data =over -=item XSUB's and the Argument Stack - -=item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs - -=item Memory Allocation +=item Shared And Unshared Data -=item PerlIO +=item Thread Pitfall: Races -=item Putting a C value on Perl stack +=item Controlling access: lock() -=item Scratchpads +=item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks -=item Scratchpads and recursions +=item Queues: Passing Data Around =back -=item Compiled code +=item Threads And Code =over -=item Code tree +=item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access -=item Examining the tree +Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores -=item Compile pass 1: check routines +=item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines -=item Compile pass 1a: constant folding +=item Subroutine Locks -=item Compile pass 2: context propagation +=item Methods -=item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization +=item Locking A Subroutine =back -=item API LISTING +=item General Thread Utility Routines -AvFILL, av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, -av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, -DBsingle, DBsub, DBtrace, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dowarn, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, -dXSI32, ENTER, EXTEND, FREETMPS, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, GIMME, -G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, -GvSV, he_delayfree, he_free, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_exists, hv_fetch, -hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, -HvNAME, hv_store, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, -isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, -mg_get, mg_len, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, na, New, Newc, Newz, newAV, -newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVrv, -newSVsv, newXS, newXSproto, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, -ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_call_argv, perl_call_method, perl_call_pv, -perl_call_sv, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_eval_sv, perl_free, -perl_get_av, perl_get_cv, perl_get_hv, perl_get_sv, perl_parse, -perl_require_pv, perl_run, POPi, POPl, POPp, POPn, POPs, PUSHMARK, PUSHi, -PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, RETVAL, safefree, safemalloc, -saferealloc, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, -strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv, -sv_catpvn, sv_catsv, sv_cmp, sv_cmp, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, sv_dec, sv_dec, -SvEND, sv_eq, SvGROW, sv_grow, sv_inc, SvIOK, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, -SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only, SvIOKp, sv_isa, SvIV, sv_isobject, SvIVX, SvLEN, -sv_len, sv_len, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, SvOK, sv_newmortal, sv_no, SvNIOK, -SvNIOK_off, SvNIOKp, SvNOK, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNOK_only, -SvNOKp, SvNV, SvNVX, SvPOK, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only, -SvPOKp, SvPV, SvPVX, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, -SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, sv_setiv, sv_setnv, sv_setpv, sv_setpvn, -sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setsv, SvSTASH, -SVt_IV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SVt_NV, SvTRUE, -SvTYPE, svtype, SvUPGRADE, sv_upgrade, sv_undef, sv_unref, sv_usepvn, -sv_yes, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XS, -XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, -XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNV, XST_mNO, -XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero - -=item EDITOR +=over -=item DATE +=item What Thread Am I In? -=head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C +=item Thread IDs -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Are These Threads The Same? -An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program +=item What Threads Are Running? + +=back -=item THE PERL_CALL FUNCTIONS +=item A Complete Example -B, B, B, B +=item Conclusion -=item FLAG VALUES +=item Bibliography =over -=item G_SCALAR +=item Introductory Texts -=item G_ARRAY +=item OS-Related References -=item G_DISCARD +=item Other References -=item G_NOARGS +=back -=item G_EVAL +=item Acknowledgements -=item G_KEEPERR +=item AUTHOR -=item Determining the Context +=item Copyrights =back -=item KNOWN PROBLEMS - -=item EXAMPLES +=head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl =over -=item No Parameters, Nothing returned +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Passing Parameters +Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I +portable -=item Returning a Scalar +=item ISSUES -=item Returning a list of values +=over -=item Returning a list in a scalar context +=item Newlines -=item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list +=item Numbers endianness and Width -=item Using G_EVAL +=item Files and Filesystems -=item Using G_KEEPERR +=item System Interaction -=item Using perl_call_sv +=item Interprocess Communication (IPC) -=item Using perl_call_argv +=item External Subroutines (XS) -=item Using perl_call_method +=item Standard Modules -=item Using GIMME +=item Time and Date -=item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries +=item Character sets and character encoding -=item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information +=item Internationalisation -1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of -callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl -callback +=item System Resources -=item Alternate Stack Manipulation +=item Security + +=item Style =back -=item SEE ALSO +=item CPAN Testers -=item AUTHOR +Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results: +http://testers.cpan.org/ -=item DATE +=item PLATFORMS -=head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION +=over -=head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package +=item Unix -=item SYNOPSIS +=item DOS and Derivatives -=item DESCRIPTION +Build instructions for OS/2, L -=item BUGS +=item S -=item AUTHOR +=item VMS -=head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning -diagnostics +=item VOS -=item SYNOPSIS +=item EBCDIC Platforms -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Acorn RISC OS -=over +=item Other perls -=item The C Pragma +=back -=item The I Program +=item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS -=back +=over -=item EXAMPLES +=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions -=item INTERNALS +-I FILEHANDLE, -I EXPR, -I, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode +FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt +PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec +LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, +getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, +getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr +ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, +getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, +setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, +setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, +endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, +ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, +lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, +msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, +open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, +select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget +KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP, +setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt +SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, +shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, socketpair +SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, +symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen +FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate +FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST, +wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS -=item BUGS +=back -=item AUTHOR +=item CHANGES -=head2 integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of -double +v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999, +v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May +1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December +1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August +1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, +v1.23, 10 July 1998 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Supported Platforms -=item DESCRIPTION +=item SEE ALSO -=head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler +=item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS -=item SYNOPSIS +=item VERSION -=item DESCRIPTION +=back -=head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time +=head2 perlsec - Perl security -=item SYNOPSIS +=over =item DESCRIPTION =over -=item ADDING DIRECTORIES TO @INC +=item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data + +=item Switches On the "#!" Line + +=item Cleaning Up Your Path -=item DELETING DIRECTORIES FROM @INC +=item Security Bugs -=item RESTORING ORIGINAL @INC +=item Protecting Your Programs =back =item SEE ALSO -=item AUTHOR +=back -=head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in -operations +=head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial -=item SYNOPSIS +=over =item DESCRIPTION -=head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations +=over -=item SYNOPSIS +=item If we could talk to the animals... -=item CAVEAT SCRIPTOR +=item Introducing the method invocation arrow -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Invoking a barnyard -=over +=item The extra parameter of method invocation -=item Declaration of overloaded functions +=item Calling a second method to simplify things -=item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations +=item Inheriting the windpipes -FALSE, TRUE, C +=item A few notes about @ISA -=item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations +=item Overriding the methods -=item Overloadable Operations +=item Starting the search from a different place -I, I, I, -I, I, I, I +=item The SUPER way of doing things -=item Inheritance and overloading +=item Where we're at so far... -Strings as values of C directive, Overloading of an operation -is inherited by derived classes +=item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it? -=back +=item Invoking an instance method -=item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C +=item Accessing the instance data -=over +=item How to build a horse -=item Last Resort +=item Inheriting the constructor -=item Fallback +=item Making a method work with either classes or instances -C, TRUE, defined, but FALSE +=item Adding parameters to a method -=item Copy Constructor +=item More interesting instances -B +=item A horse of a different color + +=item Summary =back -=item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION +=item SEE ALSO -I, I, -I, C, I, I, -I, I, I +=item COPYRIGHT -=item WARNING +=back -=item Run-time Overloading +=head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl -=item Public functions +=over -overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op) +=item DESCRIPTION -=item IMPLEMENTATION +=item Creating a Class -=item AUTHOR +=over -=item DIAGNOSTICS +=item Object Representation -=item BUGS +=item Class Interface -=head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling +=item Constructors and Instance Methods -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Destructors -=item OPTIONS +=item Other Object Methods -=over +=back -=item SIGNAL HANDLERS +=item Class Data -B, B, B I +=over -=item SIGNAL LISTS +=item Accessing Class Data -B, B, B +=item Debugging Methods -=item OTHER +=item Class Destructors -B, B, I, I +=item Documenting the Interface =back -=item EXAMPLES - -=head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs - -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Aggregation -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Inheritance -C, C, C +=over -=head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names +=item Overridden Methods -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Multiple Inheritance -=item DESCRIPTION +=item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects -=head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names +=back -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Alternate Object Representations -=item DESCRIPTION +=over -=head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION +=item Arrays as Objects -=head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs +=item Closures as Objects -=item SYNOPSIS +=back -=item DESCRIPTION +=item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods =over -=item DBM Comparisons +=item Autoloaded Data Methods -[0], [1], [2], [3] +=item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods =back -=item SEE ALSO - -=head2 AutoLoader - load functions only on demand - -=item SYNOPSIS - -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Metaclassical Tools =over -=item __END__ +=item Class::Struct -=item Loading Stubs +=item Data Members as Variables -=item Package Lexicals +=item NOTES -=item AutoLoader vs. SelfLoader +=item Object Terminology =back -=item CAVEAT - -=head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading - -=item SYNOPSIS - -=item DESCRIPTION - -=item CAVEATS - -=item DIAGNOSTICS - -=head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of code +=item SEE ALSO -=item SYNOPSIS +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=item DESCRIPTION +=item COPYRIGHT =over -=item Methods - -new, debug - -=item Standard Exports - -timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis, timethese, timediff, timestr +=item Acknowledgments -=item Optional Exports +=back =back -=item NOTES +=head2 perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl -=item INHERITANCE +=over -=item CAVEATS +=item DESCRIPTION -=item AUTHORS +=item Class Data as Package Variables -=item MODIFICATION HISTORY +=over -=head2 Bundle::CPAN - A bundle to play with all the other modules on CPAN +=item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Inheritance Concerns -=item CONTENTS +=item The Eponymous Meta-Object -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Indirect References to Class Data -=item AUTHOR +=item Monadic Classes -=head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites +=item Translucent Attributes -=item SYNOPSIS +=back -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Class Data as Lexical Variables =over -=item Interactive Mode +=item Privacy and Responsibility -Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test, -install, clean modules or distributions, readme, look module or -distribution +=item File-Scoped Lexicals -=item CPAN::Shell +=item More Inheritance Concerns -=item autobundle +=item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key -=item recompile +=item Translucency Revisited -=item ProgrammerE<39>s interface +=back -=item Cache Manager +=item NOTES -=item Bundles +=item SEE ALSO -=item Prerequisites +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=item Debugging +=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -=item Floppy, Zip, and all that Jazz +=item HISTORY =back -=item CONFIGURATION +=head2 perlobj - Perl objects -o conf Escalar optionE, o conf Escalar optionE -EvalueE, o conf Elist optionE, o conf Elist optionE -[shift|pop], o conf Elist optionE [unshift|push|splice] -ElistE +=over -=item SECURITY +=item DESCRIPTION -=item EXPORT +=over -=item BUGS +=item An Object is Simply a Reference -=item AUTHOR +=item A Class is Simply a Package -=item SEE ALSO +=item A Method is Simply a Subroutine -=head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization +=item Method Invocation -=item SYNOPSIS +=item WARNING -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Default UNIVERSAL methods -=head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS -module +isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ) -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Destructors -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Summary -=item SEE ALSO +=item Two-Phased Garbage Collection -=head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller) +=back -=item SYNOPSIS +=item SEE ALSO -=item DESCRIPTION +=back -=head2 Class::Template - struct/member template builder +=head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT) -=item SYNOPSIS +=over =item DESCRIPTION -=item EXAMPLES - -Example 1, Example 2 +=item OO SCALING TIPS -=item NOTES +=item INSTANCE VARIABLES -=head2 Config - access Perl configuration information +=item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE -=item SYNOPSIS +=item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS -=item DESCRIPTION +=item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS -myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names) +=item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM -=item EXAMPLE +=item THINKING OF CODE REUSE -=item WARNING +=item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT -=item NOTE +=item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR -=head2 Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory +=item DELEGATION -=item SYNOPSIS +=back -=item DESCRIPTION +=head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable -=head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB +=over =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -B, B, B - =over -=item How does DB_File interface to Berkeley DB? +=item Tying Scalars -=item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File +TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this -=item Default Parameters +=item Tying Arrays -=item In Memory Databases +TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value, +DESTROY this -=back +=item Tying Hashes -=item DB_HASH +USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE +this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY +this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this -=over +=item Tying FileHandles -=item A Simple Example. +TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, +LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, DESTROY this -=back +=item The C Gotcha -=item DB_BTREE +=back -=over +=item SEE ALSO -=item Changing the BTREE sort order +=item BUGS -=item Handling duplicate keys +=item AUTHOR -=item The get_dup method. +=back -=item Matching Partial Keys +=head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables) -=back +=over -=item DB_RECNO +=item DESCRIPTION =over -=item The bval option +=item Packages -=item A Simple Example +=item Symbol Tables -=item Extra Methods +=item Package Constructors and Destructors -B<$X-Epush(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-Epop ;>, B<$X-Eshift>, -B<$X-Eunshift(list) ;>, B<$X-Elength> +=item Perl Classes -=item Another Example +=item Perl Modules =back -=item THE API INTERFACE +=item SEE ALSO -B<$status = $X-Eget($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = -$X-Eput($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-Edel($key [, -$flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-Efd ;>, B<$status = $X-Eseq($key, -$value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-Esync([$flags]) ;> +=back -=item HINTS AND TIPS +=head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones =over -=item Locking Databases - -=item Sharing databases with C applications - -=back +=item DESCRIPTION -=item COMMON QUESTIONS +=item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY =over -=item Why is there Perl source in my database? +=item Pragmatic Modules -=item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File? +attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, +diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, locale, open, ops, overload, +re, sigtrap, strict, subs, utf8, vars, warnings -=item What does "Invalid Argument" mean? +=item Standard Modules -=item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean? +AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, +B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, +B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, +CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, +CGI::Switch, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, +Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, +English, Env, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, +ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, +ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, +ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, +ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, +ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree, +File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path, +File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, +File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, +File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, +I18N::Collate, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, +Math::Complex, Math::Trig, NDBM_File, Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent, +Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, +Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseUtils, +Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, +Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, +SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, +Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, +Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Wrap, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, +Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, +Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, +User::pwent + +=item Extension Modules =back -=item HISTORY +=item CPAN -=item BUGS +Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating +System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess +Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces, +User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages, +File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String +Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option, +Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing, +Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption, +World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities, +Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, +and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and +exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities, +Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Central America, Europe, +North America, South America -=item AVAILABILITY - -=item SEE ALSO +=item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse -=item AUTHOR +=over -=head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module +=item Guidelines for Module Creation -=item SYNOPSIS +Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new +module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select +what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?, +README and other Additional Files, A description of the +module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites +- what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to +Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release, +especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in +the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a +version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take +care when changing a released module -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules -=head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles +There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications, +Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started, +Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from ' +to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code -=item DESCRIPTION +Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many +applications contain some Perl code that could be reused, Break-out the +reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity +to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application' +can then be reduced to a small -=head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code +=back -=item SYNOPSIS +=item NOTE -=item DESCRIPTION +=back -@dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs, -@dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(), -dl_load_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(), -dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(), -bootstrap() +=head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules -=item AUTHOR +=over -=head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation -variables +=item DESCRIPTION -=item SYNOPSIS +=over -=item DESCRIPTION +=item PREAMBLE -=head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables +B the file, B the file into a directory, B the +module (sometimes unnecessary), B the module -=item SYNOPSIS +=back -=item DESCRIPTION +=item HEY =item AUTHOR -=head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules +=item COPYRIGHT -=item SYNOPSIS +=back -=item DESCRIPTION +=head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution =over -=item Selecting What To Export - -=item Specialised Import Lists +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Module Version Checking +=over -=item Managing Unknown Symbols +=item Warning -=item Tag Handling Utility Functions +=item What should I make into a module? -=back +=item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground -=head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications +Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Step-by-step: Making the module -=item DESCRIPTION +Start with F, Use L and L, Use +L, Use L - wisely!, Use L, Write tests, Write the README -=item @EXPORT +=item Step-by-step: Distributing your module -=item FUNCTIONS +Get a CPAN user ID, C, Upload the +tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs! -xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(), -ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules) +=back -=item EXAMPLES +=item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO -=item AUTHOR +=back -=head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there +=head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $, $Date: +1999/05/23 16:08:30 $) -=item SYNOPSIS +=over =item DESCRIPTION -=head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them +=over -=item SYNOPSIS +=item What is Perl? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free? -For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions +=item Which version of Perl should I use? -=over +=item What are perl4 and perl5? -=item EXTRALIBS +=item What is perl6? -=item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH +=item How stable is Perl? -=item BSLOADLIBS +=item Is Perl difficult to learn? -=back +=item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, +Scheme, or Tcl? -=item PORTABILITY +=item Can I do [task] in Perl? -=over +=item When shouldn't I program in Perl? -=item VMS implementation +=item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"? + +=item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script? + +=item What is a JAPH? + +=item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms? + +=item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version +(5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language)? =back -=item SEE ALSO +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in -ExtUtils::MakeMaker +=back -=item SYNOPSIS +=head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.32 $, +$Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09 $) + +=over =item DESCRIPTION -=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker +=over -=item SYNOPSIS +=item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How can I get a binary version of Perl? -=item METHODS +=item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl? -=over +=item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts +don't work. -=item Preloaded methods +=item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic +loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work? -canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, rootdir, updir +=item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN? +What does CPAN/src/... mean? -=item SelfLoaded methods +=item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl? -c_o (o), cflags (o), clean (o), const_cccmd (o), const_config (o), -const_loadlibs (o), constants (o), depend (o), dir_target (o), dist (o), -dist_basics (o), dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), dist_dir (o), dist_test (o), -dlsyms (o), dynamic (o), dynamic_bs (o), dynamic_lib (o), exescan, -extliblist, file_name_is_absolute, find_perl +=item Where can I get information on Perl? -=item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile +=item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions? -force (o), guess_name, has_link_code, init_dirscan, init_main, init_others, -install (o), installbin (o), libscan (o), linkext (o), lsdir, macro (o), -makeaperl (o), makefile (o), manifypods (o), maybe_command, -maybe_command_in_dirs, needs_linking (o), nicetext, parse_version, pasthru -(o), path, perl_script, perldepend (o), pm_to_blib, post_constants (o), -post_initialize (o), postamble (o), prefixify, processPL (o), realclean -(o), replace_manpage_separator, static (o), static_lib (o), staticmake (o), -subdir_x (o), subdirs (o), test (o), test_via_harness (o), test_via_script -(o), tool_autosplit (o), tools_other (o), tool_xsubpp (o), top_targets (o), -writedoc, xs_c (o), xs_o (o) +=item Where should I post source code? -=back +=item Perl Books -=item SEE ALSO +References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics -=head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in -ExtUtils::MakeMaker +=item Perl in Magazines -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access -=item DESCRIPTION +=item What mailing lists are there for Perl? -=over +=item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc -=item Methods always loaded +=item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl? -eliminate_macros, fixpath, catdir, catfile, wraplist, curdir (override), -rootdir (override), updir (override) +=item Where do I send bug reports? -=item SelfLoaded methods +=item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? + +=back -guess_name (override), find_perl (override), path (override), maybe_command -(override), maybe_command_in_dirs (override), perl_script (override), -file_name_is_absolute (override), replace_manpage_separator, init_others -(override), constants (override), cflags (override), const_cccmd -(override), pm_to_blib (override), tool_autosplit (override), tool_sxubpp -(override), xsubpp_version (override), tools_other (override), dist -(override), c_o (override), xs_c (override), xs_o (override), top_targets -(override), dlsyms (override), dynamic_lib (override), dynamic_bs -(override), static_lib (override), manifypods (override), processPL -(override), installbin (override), subdir_x (override), clean (override), -realclean (override), dist_basics (override), dist_core (override), -dist_dir (override), dist_test (override), install (override), perldepend -(override), makefile (override), test (override), test_via_harness -(override), test_via_script (override), makeaperl (override), nicetext -(override) +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =back -=head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile +=head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 +16:08:30 $) -=item SYNOPSIS +=over =item DESCRIPTION =over -=item How To Write A Makefile.PL +=item How do I do (anything)? -=item Default Makefile Behaviour +=item How can I use Perl interactively? -=item make test +=item Is there a Perl shell? -=item make testdb +=item How do I debug my Perl programs? -=item make install +=item How do I profile my Perl programs? -=item PREFIX and LIB attribute +=item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs? -=item AFS users +=item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl? -=item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary +=item Is there a ctags for Perl? -=item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations +=item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor? -=item Which architecture dependent directory? +=item Where can I get Perl macros for vi? -=item Using Attributes and Parameters +=item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs? -C, CONFIG, CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, -EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, NO_VC, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, H, INC, -INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, -INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITELIB, -INSTALLSITEARCH, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_EXE, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, -INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIBPERL_A, LIB, LIBS, LINKTYPE, -MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME, -NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC, -PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_SRC, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PREFIX, -PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, -XS_VERSION +=item How can I use curses with Perl? -=item Additional lowercase attributes +=item How can I use X or Tk with Perl? -clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, installpm, linkext, macro, realclean, -tool_autosplit +=item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk? -=item Overriding MakeMaker Methods +=item What is undump? -=item Hintsfile support +=item How can I make my Perl program run faster? -=item Distribution Support +=item How can I make my Perl program take less memory? - make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest, - make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make -shdist, make zipdist, make ci +=item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data? -=back +=item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks? -=item SEE ALSO +=item How can I make my CGI script more efficient? -=item AUTHORS +=item How can I hide the source for my Perl program? -=head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file +=item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C? -=item SYNOPSIS +=item How can I compile Perl into Java? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]? -=item MANIFEST.SKIP +=item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line? -=item EXPORT_OK +=item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system? -=item GLOBAL VARIABLES +=item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl? -=item DIAGNOSTICS +=item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming? -C I, C I, C I<$!>, -C I +=item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp] -=item SEE ALSO +=item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in +my C program, what am I doing wrong? -=item AUTHOR +=item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it +mean? -=head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader +=item What's MakeMaker? -=item SYNOPSIS +=back -=item DESCRIPTION +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic -extension +=back -=item SYNOPSIS +=head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 +20:37:49 $) + +=over =item DESCRIPTION -NAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, DLBASE +=item Data: Numbers -=item AUTHOR +=over -=item REVISION +=item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the +numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)? -=head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC +=item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly? -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()? +Trig functions? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How do I convert bits into ints? -=head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die +=item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to? -=item SYNOPSIS +=item How do I multiply matrices? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers? -=item AUTHOR +=item How can I output Roman numerals? -=head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines +=item Why aren't my random numbers random? -=item SYNOPSIS +=back -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Data: Dates -=item NOTE +=over -=item EXPORTED SYMBOLS +=item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year? -=head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces +=item How do I find the current century or millennium? -=item SYNOPSIS +=item How can I compare two dates and find the difference? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds? -fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse +=item How can I find the Julian Day? -=item EXAMPLES +=item How do I find yesterday's date? -C, C +=item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant? -=head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree +=back -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Data: Strings -=item DESCRIPTION +=over -=head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles +=item How do I validate input? -=item SYNOPSIS +=item How do I unescape a string? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters? -=item RETURN +=item How do I expand function calls in a string? -=item AUTHOR +=item How do I find matching/nesting anything? -=head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles +=item How do I reverse a string? -=item SYNOPSIS +=item How do I expand tabs in a string? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How do I reformat a paragraph? -=over +=item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string? -=item Special behavior if C is defined (VMS and OS/2) +=item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something? -rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag]) +=item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a +string? -=back +=item How do I capitalize all the words on one line? -=item RETURN +=item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside +[character]? (Comma-separated files) -=item AUTHOR +=item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string? -=head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree +=item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes? -=item SYNOPSIS +=item How do I extract selected columns from a string? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How do I find the soundex value of a string? -=head2 File::Path - create or remove a series of directories +=item How can I expand variables in text strings? -=item SYNOPSIS +=item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Why don't my <print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines +=item How do I shuffle an array randomly? -=item SEE ALSO +=item How do I process/modify each element of an array? -=head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script +=item How do I select a random element from an array? -=item SYNOPSIS +=item How do I permute N elements of a list? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How do I sort an array by (anything)? -=item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES +=item How do I manipulate arrays of bits? -=item KNOWN BUGS +=item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes? -=item AUTHORS +=back -=item COPYRIGHT +=item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays) -=item REVISION +=over -=head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library. +=item How do I process an entire hash? -=item SYNOPSIS +=item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over +it? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How do I look up a hash element by value? -=item AVAILABILITY +=item How can I know how many entries are in a hash? -=item BUGS +=item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)? -=item SEE ALSO +=item How can I always keep my hash sorted? -=head2 Getopt::Long, GetOptions - extended processing of command line -options +=item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes? -=item SYNOPSIS - -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction? -EnoneE, !, =s, :s, =i, :i, =f, :f +=item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through? -=over +=item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes? -=item Linkage specification +=item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file? -=item Aliases and abbreviations +=item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it? -=item Non-option call-back routine +=item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create +it? -=item Option starters +=item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or +array of hashes or arrays? -=item Return value +=item How can I use a reference as a hash key? =back -=item COMPATIBILITY +=item Data: Misc -=item EXAMPLES +=over -=item CONFIGURATION VARIABLES +=item How do I handle binary data correctly? -$Getopt::Long::autoabbrev, $Getopt::Long::getopt_compat, -$Getopt::Long::order, $Getopt::Long::bundling, $Getopt::Long::ignorecase, -$Getopt::Long::passthrough, $Getopt::Long::VERSION, $Getopt::Long::error, -$Getopt::Long::debug +=item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float? -=head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch -clustering +=item How do I keep persistent data across program calls? -=item SYNOPSIS +=item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How do I define methods for every class/object? -=head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current -locale +=item How do I verify a credit card checksum? -=item SYNOPSIS +=item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code? -=item DESCRIPTION +=back -=head2 IO - load various IO modules +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=item SYNOPSIS +=back + +=head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 +16:08:30 $) + +=over =item DESCRIPTION -=head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles +=over -=item SYNOPSIS +=item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a +line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file? -=item CONSTRUCTOR +=item How do I count the number of lines in a file? -new ([ ARGS ] ) +=item How do I make a temporary file name? -=item METHODS +=item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files? -open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ) +=item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass +filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles? -=item SEE ALSO +=item How can I use a filehandle indirectly? -=item HISTORY +=item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()? -=head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O -handles +=item How can I write() into a string? -=item SYNOPSIS +=item How can I output my numbers with commas added? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename? -=item CONSTRUCTOR +=item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out? -new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE ) +=item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>? -=item METHODS +=item Is there a leak/bug in glob()? -$fh->getline, $fh->getlines, $fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->write ( BUF, -LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->opened, $fh->untaint +=item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks? -=item NOTE +=item How can I reliably rename a file? -=item SEE ALSO +=item How can I lock a file? -=item BUGS +=item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")? -=item HISTORY +=item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in +the file. How can I do this? -=head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::pipe - supply object methods for pipes +=item How do I randomly update a binary file? -=item SYNOPSIS +=item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl? -=item CONSTRCUTOR +=item How do I print to more than one file at once? -new ( [READER, WRITER] ) +=item How can I read in an entire file all at once? -=item METHODS +=item How can I read in a file by paragraphs? -reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles () +=item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard? -=item SEE ALSO +=item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle? -=item AUTHOR +=item How do I do a C in perl? -=item COPYRIGHT +=item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl? -=head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for -I/O objects +=item How do I close a file descriptor by number? -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't +`C:\temp\foo.exe` work? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files? -=item SEE ALSO +=item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber +protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl? -=item HISTORY +=item How do I select a random line from a file? -=head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system -call +=item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines? -=item SYNOPSIS +=back + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $) + +=over =item DESCRIPTION -=item CONSTRUCTOR +=over -new ( [ HANDLES ] ) +=item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible +and unmaintainable code? -=item METHODS +Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters -add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read ( -[ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_error ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count -(), bits(), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] ) +=item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong? -=item EXAMPLE +=item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on +different lines? -=item AUTHOR +=item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong? -=item COPYRIGHT +=item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS, but preserving +case on the RHS? -=head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket -communications +=item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets? -=item SYNOPSIS +=item How can I match a locale-smart version of C? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex? -=item CONSTRUCTOR +=item What is C really for? -new ( [ARGS] ) +=item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a +file? -=item METHODS +=item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text? -accept([PKG]), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, -protocol +=item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it? -=item SUB-CLASSES +=item How do I process each word on each line? -=over +=item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary? -=item IO::Socket::INET +=item How can I do approximate matching? -=item METHODS +=item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once? -sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost -() +=item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me? -=item IO::Socket::UNIX +=item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down? -=item METHODS +=item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression? -hostpath(), peerpath() +=item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant? -=back +=item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context? -=item SEE ALSO +=item How can I match strings with multibyte characters? -=item AUTHOR +=item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user? -=item COPYRIGHT +=back -=head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=item SYNOPSIS +=back + +=head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date: +1999/05/23 20:36:18 $) + +=over =item DESCRIPTION -=item WARNING +=over -=item SEE ALSO +=item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language? -=head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error -handling +=item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to +use them? -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and +commas? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How do I skip some return values? -=item WARNING +=item How do I temporarily block warnings? -=head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package +=item What's an extension? -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How do I declare/create a structure? -number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to +=item How do I create a module? -=item BUGS +=item How do I create a class? -=item AUTHOR +=item How can I tell if a variable is tainted? -=head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package +=item What's a closure? -=item SYNOPSIS +=item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method, +Regex}? -Canonical notation, Input, Output +Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes, +Passing Methods -=item EXAMPLES +=item How do I create a static variable? -=item BUGS +=item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? +Between local() and my()? -=item AUTHOR +=item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical +is in scope? -=head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical -functions +=item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding? -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Why doesn't "my($foo) = ;" work right? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method? -=item OPERATIONS +=item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()? -=item CREATION +=item How do I create a switch or case statement? -=item STRINGIFICATION +=item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods? -=item USAGE +=item Why can't a method included in this same file be found? -=item BUGS +=item How can I find out my current package? -=item AUTHOR +=item How can I comment out a large block of perl code? -=head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files +=item How do I clear a package? -=item SYNOPSIS +=item How can I use a variable as a variable name? -=item DESCRIPTION +=back -=head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=item SYNOPSIS +=back -=item DESCRIPTION +=head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.39 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 +18:37:57 $) =over -=item Functions +=item DESCRIPTION -Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [, -$timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]); +=over -=back +=item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under? -=item WARNING +=item How come exec() doesn't return? -=item NOTES +=item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse? -=head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() -functions +Keyboard, Screen, Mouse -=item SYNOPSIS +=item How do I print something out in color? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key? -=item EXAMPLES +=item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard? -=item NOTE +=item How do I clear the screen? -=item AUTHOR +=item How do I get the screen size? -=head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() -functions +=item How do I ask the user for a password? -=item SYNOPSIS +=item How do I read and write the serial port? -=item DESCRIPTION +lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input -=item EXAMPLES +=item How do I decode encrypted password files? -=item NOTE +=item How do I start a process in the background? -=item AUTHOR +STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies -=head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() -functions +=item How do I trap control characters/signals? -=item SYNOPSIS +=item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How do I set the time and date? -=item NOTE +=item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second? -=item AUTHOR +=item How can I measure time under a second? -=head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() -functions +=item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling) -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What +does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl? -=item EXAMPLES +=item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()? -=item NOTE +=item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems? -=item AUTHOR +=item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command? -=head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files +=item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()? -=item SYNOPSIS +=item How can I capture STDERR from an external command? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails? -=head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code +=item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context? -=item SYNOPSIS +=item How can I call backticks without shell processing? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, +^Z on MS-DOS)? -=item NOTE +=item How can I convert my shell script to perl? -=item WARNING +=item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session? -=item Operator Names and Operator Lists +=item How can I write expect in Perl? -an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname -or optag, an operator set (opset) +=item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as +"ps"? -=item Opcode Functions +=item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How +come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my +changes to be visible? -opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET), -full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...), -define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...), -opdump (PAT) +Unix -=item Manipulating Opsets +=item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to +complete? -=item TO DO (maybe) +=item How do I fork a daemon process? -=item Predefined Opcode Tags +=item How do I make my program run with sh and csh? -:base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math, -:default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open, :filesys_write, -:subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided, :dangerous +=item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not? -=item SEE ALSO +=item How do I timeout a slow event? -=item AUTHORS +=item How do I set CPU limits? -=head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted -compartments +=item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system? -=item SYNOPSIS +=item How do I use an SQL database? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How do I make a system() exit on control-C? -a new namespace, an operator mask +=item How do I open a file without blocking? -=item WARNING +=item How do I install a module from CPAN? -=over +=item What's the difference between require and use? -=item RECENT CHANGES +=item How do I keep my own module/library directory? -=item Methods in class Safe +=item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library +search path? -permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP, -...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from -(PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME), -root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK) +=item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime? -=item Some Safety Issues +=item What is socket.ph and where do I get it? -Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes +=back -=item AUTHOR +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =back -=head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when -compiling +=head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.26 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 +$) -=item SYNOPSIS +=over =item DESCRIPTION -=item SEE ALSO +=over -=head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1 +=item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500 +Server Error) -=item SYNOPSIS +=item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How do I remove HTML from a string? -=item NOTE +=item How do I extract URLs? -=item CAVEATS +=item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a +file on another machine? -=item FUNCTIONS +=item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML? -_exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2, -atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown, -clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime, -cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv, -execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror, -fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf, -fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos, -fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid, -getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid, -getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty, -iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper, -isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10, -longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, -memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open, -opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts, -qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind, -rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid, -setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp, -sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat, -strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen, -strncat, strncmp, strncpy, stroul, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, -strtod, strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, -tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, -tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, -ungetc, unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, -wcstombs, wctomb, write +=item How do I fetch an HTML file? -=item CLASSES +=item How do I automate an HTML form submission? -=over +=item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web? -=item POSIX::SigAction +=item How do I redirect to another page? -new +=item How do I put a password on my web pages? -=item POSIX::SigSet +=item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl? -new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember +=item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my +CGI script to do bad things? -=item POSIX::Termios +=item How do I parse a mail header? -new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag, -getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag, -setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc -field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field -values, c_oflag field values +=item How do I decode a CGI form? -=back +=item How do I check a valid mail address? -=item PATHNAME CONSTANTS +=item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string? -Constants +=item How do I return the user's mail address? + +=item How do I send mail? + +=item How do I read mail? + +=item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address? + +=item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups? + +=item How do I fetch/put an FTP file? + +=item How can I do RPC in Perl? + +=back + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Layout + +B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref + +=back + +=item Using The Back Ends + +=over + +=item The Cross Referencing Back End + +i, &, s, r + +=item The Decompiling Back End + +=item The Lint Back End + +=item The Simple C Back End + +=item The Bytecode Back End + +=item The Optimized C Back End + +B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, +B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, +B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref + +=back + +=item KNOWN PROBLEMS + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item PREAMBLE + +B, B, B, B, B + +=item ROADMAP + +=item Compiling your C program + +=item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program + +=item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program + +=item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program + +=item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program + +=item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program + +=item Maintaining a persistent interpreter + +=item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances + +=item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C +program + +=back + +=item Embedding Perl under Windows + +=item MORAL + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Debugger Internals + +=over + +=item Writing Your Own Debugger + +=back + +=item Frame Listing Output Examples + +=item Debugging regular expressions + +=over + +=item Compile-time output + +C I C I, C I C +I, C, C, C +I, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C + +=item Types of nodes + +=item Run-time output + +=back + +=item Debugging Perl memory usage + +=over + +=item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}> + +C, Free/Used, C, C, C, C, C + +=item Example of using B<-DL> switch + +C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704> + +=item B<-DL> details + +C, C, C + +=item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item SPECIAL NOTES + +=over + +=item make + +=item Version caveat + +=item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading + +=back + +=item TUTORIAL + +=over + +=item EXAMPLE 1 + +=item EXAMPLE 2 + +=item What has gone on? + +=item Writing good test scripts + +=item EXAMPLE 3 + +=item What's new here? + +=item Input and Output Parameters + +=item The XSUBPP Program + +=item The TYPEMAP file + +=item Warning about Output Arguments + +=item EXAMPLE 4 + +=item What has happened here? + +=item Anatomy of .xs file + +=item Getting the fat out of XSUBs + +=item More about XSUB arguments + +=item The Argument Stack + +=item Extending your Extension + +=item Documenting your Extension + +=item Installing your Extension + +=item EXAMPLE 5 + +=item New Things in this Example + +=item EXAMPLE 6 + +=item New Things in this Example + +=item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon) + +=item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon) + +=item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon) + +=item Troubleshooting these Examples + +=back + +=item See also + +=item Author + +=over + +=item Last Changed + +=back + +=back + +=head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Introduction + +=item On The Road + +=item The Anatomy of an XSUB + +=item The Argument Stack + +=item The RETVAL Variable + +=item The MODULE Keyword + +=item The PACKAGE Keyword + +=item The PREFIX Keyword + +=item The OUTPUT: Keyword + +=item The CODE: Keyword + +=item The INIT: Keyword + +=item The NO_INIT Keyword + +=item Initializing Function Parameters + +=item Default Parameter Values + +=item The PREINIT: Keyword + +=item The SCOPE: Keyword + +=item The INPUT: Keyword + +=item Variable-length Parameter Lists + +=item The C_ARGS: Keyword + +=item The PPCODE: Keyword + +=item Returning Undef And Empty Lists + +=item The REQUIRE: Keyword + +=item The CLEANUP: Keyword + +=item The BOOT: Keyword + +=item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword + +=item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword + +=item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword + +=item The ALIAS: Keyword + +=item The INTERFACE: Keyword + +=item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword + +=item The INCLUDE: Keyword + +=item The CASE: Keyword + +=item The & Unary Operator + +=item Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives + +=item Using XS With C++ + +=item Interface Strategy + +=item Perl Objects And C Structures + +=item The Typemap + +=back + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item XS VERSION + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Variables + +=over + +=item Datatypes + +=item What is an "IV"? + +=item Working with SVs + +=item What's Really Stored in an SV? + +=item Working with AVs + +=item Working with HVs + +=item Hash API Extensions + +=item References + +=item Blessed References and Class Objects + +=item Creating New Variables + +=item Reference Counts and Mortality + +=item Stashes and Globs + +=item Double-Typed SVs + +=item Magic Variables + +=item Assigning Magic + +=item Magic Virtual Tables + +=item Finding Magic + +=item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays + +=item Localizing changes + +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C + +=back + +=item Subroutines + +=over + +=item XSUBs and the Argument Stack + +=item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs + +=item Memory Allocation + +=item PerlIO + +=item Putting a C value on Perl stack + +=item Scratchpads + +=item Scratchpads and recursion + +=back + +=item Compiled code + +=over + +=item Code tree + +=item Examining the tree + +=item Compile pass 1: check routines + +=item Compile pass 1a: constant folding + +=item Compile pass 2: context propagation + +=item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization + +=back + +=item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported + +=over + +=item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT + +=item How do I use all this in extensions? + +=item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS + +=back + +=item AUTHORS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program + +=item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS + +call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv + +=item FLAG VALUES + +=over + +=item G_VOID + +=item G_SCALAR + +=item G_ARRAY + +=item G_DISCARD + +=item G_NOARGS + +=item G_EVAL + +=item G_KEEPERR + +=item Determining the Context + +=back + +=item KNOWN PROBLEMS + +=item EXAMPLES + +=over + +=item No Parameters, Nothing returned + +=item Passing Parameters + +=item Returning a Scalar + +=item Returning a list of values + +=item Returning a list in a scalar context + +=item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list + +=item Using G_EVAL + +=item Using G_KEEPERR + +=item Using call_sv + +=item Using call_argv + +=item Using call_method + +=item Using GIMME_V + +=item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries + +=item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information + +1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of +callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl +callback + +=item Alternate Stack Manipulation + +=item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=item DATE + +=back + +=head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item DOCUMENTATION + +L, L and L, +L and L, L, +L, L, L, +L + +=item CONVERTORS + +L, L, L + +=item Development + +L, L, L and L, +L, L, L + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=back + +=head2 perlfilter - Source Filters + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item CONCEPTS + +=item USING FILTERS + +=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER + +=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C + +B + +=item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE + +=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL + +=item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER + +=item CONCLUSION + +=item REQUIREMENTS + +=item AUTHOR + +=item Copyrights + +=back + +=head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +B, B, B, +B + +=over + +=item The Filter + +=item An Example -- the NULL termination problem. + +=item Another Example -- Key is a C int. + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +AvFILL, av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, +av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, +call_method, call_pv, call_sv, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, dMARK, +dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND, +fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, get_av, get_cv, get_hv, get_sv, GIMME, +GIMME_V, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, +gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, +G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, +HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, +hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, +hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, +hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, +isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, +mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, New, newAV, +Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv, +newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv, newXS, newXSproto, +Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, +perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, +PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_modglobal, PL_na, +PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, POPs, PUSHi, +PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, require_pv, +RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, +strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, +SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, +SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvLOCK, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, +SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, +SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPV, SvPVX, SvPV_force, SvPV_nolen, +SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, +SvSETMAGIC, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, +SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, +SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUNLOCK, SvUPGRADE, SvUV, +SvUVX, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, +sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_cmp, sv_dec, +sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, +sv_len, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, +sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, +sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, +sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, +sv_setuv_mg, sv_unref, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_vcatpvfn, +sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, U8 *s, utf8_to_bytes, warn, XPUSHi, +XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, +XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, +XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, +XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero + +=item AUTHORS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B + Perl functions + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +is_gv_magical + +=item AUTHORS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface. + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +B, B, B, B, +B, B, +B, B, +B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B + +=over + +=item Co-existence with stdio + +B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B + +=back + +=back + +=head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Infrastructure + +=over + +=item Mailing list archives + +=item Bug tracking system + +=item Regression Tests + +Coverage, Regression, __DIE__, suidperl, The 25% slowdown from perl4 to +perl5 + +=back + +=item Configure + +=over + +=item Install HTML + +=back + +=item Perl Language + +=over + +=item our ($var) + +=item 64-bit Perl + +=item Prototypes + +Named prototypes, Indirect objects, Method calls, Context, Scoped subs + +=back + +=item Perl Internals + +=over + +=item magic_setisa + +=item Garbage Collection + +=item Reliable signals + +Alternate runops() for signal despatch, Figure out how to die() in delayed +sighandler, Add tests for Thread::Signal, Automatic tests against CPAN + +=item Interpolated regex performance bugs + +=item Memory leaks from failed eval/regcomp + +=item Make XS easier to use + +=item Make embedded Perl easier to use + +=item Namespace cleanup + +=item MULTIPLICITY + +=item MacPerl + +=back + +=item Documentation + +=over + +=item A clear division into tutorial and reference + +=item Remove the artificial distinction between operators and functions + +=item More tutorials + +Regular expressions, I/O, pack/unpack, Debugging + +=item Include a search tool + +=item Include a locate tool + +=item Separate function manpages by default + +=item Users can't find the manpages + +=item Install ALL Documentation + +=item Outstanding issues to be documented + +=item Adapt www.linuxhq.com for Perl + +=item Replace man with a perl program + +=item Unicode tutorial + +=back + +=item Modules + +=over + +=item Update the POSIX extension to conform with the POSIX 1003.1 Edition 2 + +=item Module versions + +=item New modules + +=item Profiler + +=item Tie Modules + +VecArray, SubstrArray, VirtualArray, ShiftSplice + +=item Procedural options + +=item RPC + +=item y2k localtime/gmtime + +=item Export File::Find variables + +=item Ioctl + +=item Debugger attach/detach + +=item Regular Expression debugger + +=item Alternative RE Syntax + +=item Bundled modules + +=item Expect + +=item GUI::Native + +=item Update semibroken auxiliary tools; h2ph, a2p, etc. + +=item POD Converters + +=item pod2html + +=item Podchecker + +=back + +=item Tom's Wishes + +=over + +=item Webperl + +=item Mobile agents + +=item POSIX on non-POSIX + +=item Portable installations + +=back + +=item Win32 Stuff + +=over + +=item Rename new headers to be consistent with the rest + +=item Sort out the spawnvp() mess + +=item Work out DLL versioning + +=item Style-check + +=back + +=item Would be nice to have + +C, Contiguous bitfields in pack/unpack, lexperl, Bundled +perl preprocessor, Use posix calls internally where possible, format +BOTTOM, -i rename file only when successfully changed, All ARGV input +should act like <>, report HANDLE [formats], support in perlmain to rerun +debugger, lvalue functions + +=item Possible pragmas + +=over + +=item 'less' + +=back + +=item Optimizations + +=over + +=item constant function cache + +=item foreach(reverse...) + +=item Cache eval tree + +=item rcatmaybe + +=item Shrink opcode tables + +=item Cache hash value + +=item Optimize away @_ where possible + +=item Optimize sort by { $a <=> $b } + +=item Rewrite regexp parser for better integrated optimization + +=back + +=item Vague possibilities + +ref function in list context, make tr/// return histogram in list context?, +Loop control on do{} et al, Explicit switch statements, compile to real +threaded code, structured types, Modifiable $1 et al + +=item To Do Or Not To Do + +=over + +=item Making my() work on "package" variables + +=item "or" testing defined not truth + +=item "dynamic" lexicals + +=item "class"-based, rather than package-based "lexicals" + +=back + +=item Threading + +=over + +=item Modules + +=item Testing + +=item $AUTOLOAD + +=item exit/die + +=item External threads + +=item Thread::Pool + +=item thread-safety + +=item Per-thread GVs + +=back + +=item Compiler + +=over + +=item Optimization + +=item Byteperl + +=item Precompiled modules + +=item Executables + +=item Typed lexicals + +=item Win32 + +=item END blocks + +=item _AUTOLOAD + +=item comppadlist + +=item Cached compilation + +=back + +=item Recently Finished Tasks + +=over + +=item Figure a way out of $^(capital letter) + +=item Filenames + +=item Foreign lines + +=item Namespace cleanup + +=item ISA.pm + +=item gettimeofday + +=item autocroak? + +=back + +=back + +=head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the +implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is +the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does +it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is +the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is there enough +documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much +work?, Patches speak louder than words + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 perlhist - the Perl history records + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item INTRODUCTION + +=item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN + +=over + +=item PUMPKIN? + +=back + +=item THE RECORDS + +=over + +=item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES + +=item SELECTED PATCH SIZES + +=back + +=item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS + +=back + +=head2 perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0 + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Core Enhancements + +=over + +=item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency + +=item Lexically scoped warning categories + +=item Unicode and UTF-8 support + +=item Support for interpolating named characters + +=item "our" declarations + +=item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals + +=item Improved Perl version numbering system + +=item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes + +=item File and directory handles can be autovivified + +=item open() with more than two arguments + +=item 64-bit support + +=item Large file support + +=item Long doubles + +=item "more bits" + +=item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines + +=item C allowed + +=item File globbing implemented internally + +Support for CHECK blocks + +=item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported + +Better pseudo-random number generator + +=item Improved C operator + +Better worst-case behavior of hashes + +=item pack() format 'Z' supported + +=item pack() format modifier '!' supported + +=item pack() and unpack() support counted strings + +=item Comments in pack() templates + +=item Weak references + +=item Binary numbers supported + +=item Lvalue subroutines + +=item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references + +=item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues + +=item exists() is supported on subroutine names + +=item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements + +=item Pseudo-hashes work better + +=item Automatic flushing of output buffers + +=item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations + +=item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle + +=item eof() has the same old magic as <> + +=item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes + +=item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text" + +=item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure + +=item Improved diagnostics + +=item Diagnostics follow STDERR + +More consistent close-on-exec behavior + +=item syswrite() ease-of-use + +=item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators + +=item Bit operators support full native integer width + +=item Improved security features + +More functional bareword prototype (*) + +=item C and C may be overridden + +=item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character + +=item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch + +=item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string + +=item Optional Y2K warnings + +=back + +=item Modules and Pragmata + +=over + +=item Modules + +attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper, +DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English, +Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec, +File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt, +Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker, +podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage, +pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname, +Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters + +=item Pragmata + +=back + +=item Utility Changes + +=over + +=item dprofpp + +=item find2perl + +=item h2xs + +=item perlcc + +=item perldoc + +=item The Perl Debugger + +=back + +=item Improved Documentation + +perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod, +perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod, +perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod, +perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod + +=item Performance enhancements + +=over + +=item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized + +=item Optimized assignments to lexical variables + +=item Faster subroutine calls + +delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster + +=back + +=item Installation and Configuration Improvements + +=over + +=item -Dusethreads means something different + +=item New Configure flags + +=item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring + +=item Long Doubles + +=item -Dusemorebits + +=item -Duselargefiles + +=item installusrbinperl + +=item SOCKS support + +=item C<-A> flag + +=item Enhanced Installation Directories + +=back + +=item Platform specific changes + +=over + +=item Supported platforms + +=item DOS + +=item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS) + +=item VMS + +=item Win32 + +=back + +=item Significant bug fixes + +=over + +=item on empty files + +=item C improvements + +=item All compilation errors are true errors + +=item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer + +=item Behavior of list slices is more consistent + +=item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}> + +=item C and AUTOLOAD + +=item C<-bareword> allowed under C + +=item Failures in DESTROY() + +=item Locale bugs fixed + +=item Memory leaks + +=item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls + +=item Taint failures under C<-U> + +=item END blocks and the C<-c> switch + +=item Potential to leak DATA filehandles + +=back + +=item New or Changed Diagnostics + +(perhaps you forgot to load "%s"?), "%s" variable %s masks earlier +declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet implemented, "our" variable %s +redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s, / cannot take a count, / must +be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow +a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, /%s/: +Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class passed through, /%s/ should +probably be written as "%s", %s() called too early to check prototype, %s +argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY +element or slice, %s argument is not a subroutine name, %s package +attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> +should be quotes, Ambiguous range in transliteration operator, Attempt to +join self, Bad evalled substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, +Bareword found in conditional, Binary number > +0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector size > 32 +non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check filesystem +of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s", Can't +declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default, Can't +modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't remove +%s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't weaken +a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class syntax [%s] +belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference, +constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated, +defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean +"local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective +%s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for +output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires +explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable, +Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: +|%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal +number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute: +%s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, invalid [] +range "%s" in transliteration operator, Invalid separator character %s in +attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in subroutine attribute +list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs returning %s not implemented +yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in +piped open, Missing name in "my sub", No %s specified for -%c, No package +name allowed for variable %s in "our", No space allowed after -%c, no UTC +offset information; assuming local time is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 +non-portable, panic: del_backref, panic: kid popen errno read, panic: +magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing around "%s" list, Possible Y2K bug: +%s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS" instead, Premature +end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows, Repeat count in +unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored, Reference is already +weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on zero-length +expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This Perl can't +reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements +(%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode '%s', Unknown +process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized escape \\%c +passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list, +Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in subroutine +attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of CLI symbol +"%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number + +=item New tests + +=item Incompatible Changes + +=over + +=item Perl Source Incompatibilities + +CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed + +=item Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different + +Literals of the form C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed +pseudo-random number generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, +C fails on read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe +and socket handles, Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, +delete(), values() and C<\(%h)> operate on aliases to values, not copies, +vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS, Text of some diagnostic +output has changed, C<%@> has been removed, Parenthesized not() behaves +like a list operator, Semantics of bareword prototype C<(*)> have changed + +=item Semantics of bit operators may have changed on 64-bit platforms + +=item More builtins taint their results + +=item C Source Incompatibilities + +C, C, C + +=item Compatible C Source API Changes + +C is now C + +=item Binary Incompatibilities + +=back + +=item Known Problems + +=over + +=item Thread test failures + +=item EBCDIC platforms not supported + +=item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang + +=item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure + +=item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with +gcc + +=item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run + +=item Arrow operator and arrays + +=item Windows 2000 + +=item Experimental features + +Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The +pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file +globbing, The DB module, The regular expression constructs C<(?{ code })> +and C<(??{ code })> + +=back + +=item Obsolete Diagnostics + +Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed +logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, Probable precedence problem on %s, +regexp too big, Use of "$$" to mean "${$}" is deprecated + +=item Reporting Bugs + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item HISTORY + +=back + +=head2 perl56delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0 + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Core Enhancements + +=over + +=item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency + +=item Lexically scoped warning categories + +=item Unicode and UTF-8 support + +=item Support for interpolating named characters + +=item "our" declarations + +=item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals + +=item Improved Perl version numbering system + +=item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes + +=item File and directory handles can be autovivified + +=item open() with more than two arguments + +=item 64-bit support + +=item Large file support + +=item Long doubles + +=item "more bits" + +=item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines + +=item C allowed + +=item File globbing implemented internally + +=item Support for CHECK blocks + +=item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported + +=item Better pseudo-random number generator + +=item Improved C operator + +=item Better worst-case behavior of hashes + +=item pack() format 'Z' supported + +=item pack() format modifier '!' supported + +=item pack() and unpack() support counted strings + +=item Comments in pack() templates + +=item Weak references + +=item Binary numbers supported + +=item Lvalue subroutines + +=item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references + +=item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues + +=item exists() is supported on subroutine names + +=item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements + +=item Pseudo-hashes work better + +=item Automatic flushing of output buffers + +=item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations + +=item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle + +=item eof() has the same old magic as <> + +=item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes + +=item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text" + +=item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure + +=item Improved diagnostics + +=item Diagnostics follow STDERR + +=item More consistent close-on-exec behavior + +=item syswrite() ease-of-use + +=item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators + +=item Bit operators support full native integer width + +=item Improved security features + +=item More functional bareword prototype (*) + +=item C and C may be overridden + +=item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character + +=item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch + +=item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string + +=item Optional Y2K warnings + +=item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings + +=back + +=item Modules and Pragmata + +=over + +=item Modules + +attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper, +DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English, +Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec, +File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt, +Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker, +podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage, +pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname, +Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters + +=item Pragmata + +=back + +=item Utility Changes + +=over + +=item dprofpp + +=item find2perl + +=item h2xs + +=item perlcc + +=item perldoc + +=item The Perl Debugger + +=back + +=item Improved Documentation + +perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod, +perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod, +perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod, +perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod + +=item Performance enhancements + +=over + +=item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized + +=item Optimized assignments to lexical variables + +=item Faster subroutine calls + +=item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster + +=back + +=item Installation and Configuration Improvements + +=over + +=item -Dusethreads means something different + +=item New Configure flags + +=item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring + +=item Long Doubles + +=item -Dusemorebits + +=item -Duselargefiles + +=item installusrbinperl + +=item SOCKS support + +=item C<-A> flag + +=item Enhanced Installation Directories + +=back + +=item Platform specific changes + +=over + +=item Supported platforms + +=item DOS + +=item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS) + +=item VMS + +=item Win32 + +=back + +=item Significant bug fixes + +=over + +=item on empty files + +=item C improvements + +=item All compilation errors are true errors + +=item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer + +=item Behavior of list slices is more consistent + +=item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}> + +=item C and AUTOLOAD + +=item C<-bareword> allowed under C + +=item Failures in DESTROY() + +=item Locale bugs fixed + +=item Memory leaks + +=item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls + +=item Taint failures under C<-U> + +=item END blocks and the C<-c> switch + +=item Potential to leak DATA filehandles + +=back + +=item New or Changed Diagnostics + +"%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet +implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s, +/ cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed +by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape +\\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class +passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too +early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s +argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a +subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: +%s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled +substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional, +Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector +size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check +filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s", +Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default, +Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't +remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't +weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class +syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference, +constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated, +defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean +"local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective +%s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for +output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires +explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable, +Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: +|%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal +number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute: +%s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid +separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in +subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs +returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing +%sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub", +No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our", +No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time +is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref, +panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing +around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string, +Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS" +instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows, +Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored, +Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on +zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This +Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL +environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode +'%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized +escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute +list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in +subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of +CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number + +=item New tests + +=item Incompatible Changes + +=over + +=item Perl Source Incompatibilities + +CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed, +Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form +C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number +generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C fails on +read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles, +Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), values() and +C<\(%h)> operate on aliases to values, not copies, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) +enforces powers-of-two BITS, Text of some diagnostic output has changed, +C<%@> has been removed, Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, +Semantics of bareword prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit +operators may have changed on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their +results + +=item C Source Incompatibilities + +C, C, C + +=item Compatible C Source API Changes + +C is now C + +=item Binary Incompatibilities + +=back + +=item Known Problems + +=over + +=item Thread test failures + +=item EBCDIC platforms not supported + +=item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang + +=item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure + +=item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with +gcc + +=item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run + +=item Arrow operator and arrays + +=item Experimental features + +Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The +pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file +globbing, The DB module, The regular expression constructs C<(?{ code })> +and C<(??{ code })> + +=back + +=item Obsolete Diagnostics + +Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed +logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as +\@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$" +to mean "${$}" is deprecated + +=item Reporting Bugs + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item HISTORY + +=back + +=head2 perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005 + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item About the new versioning system + +=item Incompatible Changes + +=over + +=item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004. + +=item Default installation structure has changed + +=item Perl Source Compatibility + +=item C Source Compatibility + +Core sources now require ANSI C compiler, All Perl global variables must +now be referenced with an explicit prefix, Enabling threads has source +compatibility issues + +=item Binary Compatibility + +=item Security fixes may affect compatibility + +=item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004 + +=item Licensing + +=back + +=item Core Changes + +=over + +=item Threads + +=item Compiler + +=item Regular Expressions + +Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression +constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other +improvements, Incompatible changes + +=item Improved malloc() + +=item Quicksort is internally implemented + +=item Reliable signals + +=item Reliable stack pointers + +=item More generous treatment of carriage returns + +=item Memory leaks + +=item Better support for multiple interpreters + +=item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined + +=item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L module + +=item Pseudo-hashes are supported + +=item C is supported + +=item Keywords can be globally overridden + +=item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32 + +=item C optimized + +=item C can be used as implicitly quoted package name + +=item C tests existence of a package + +=item Better locale support + +=item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms + +=item prototype() returns useful results on builtins + +=item Extended support for exception handling + +=item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods + +=item All C format conversions are handled internally + +=item New C keyword + +=item New C keyword + +=item New C operator + +=item C is now a reserved word + +=item Tied arrays are now fully supported + +=item Tied handles support is better + +=item 4th argument to substr + +=item Negative LENGTH argument to splice + +=item Magic lvalues are now more magical + +=item <> now reads in records + +=back + +=item Supported Platforms + +=over + +=item New Platforms + +=item Changes in existing support + +=back + +=item Modules and Pragmata + +=over + +=item New Modules + +B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed, +ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, +Thread, attrs, fields, re + +=item Changes in existing modules + +Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File, +MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd, Benchmark + +=back + +=item Utility Changes + +=item Documentation Changes + +=item New Diagnostics + +Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index +while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent +package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check +filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't +goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element, +Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber +for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions, +Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character +class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in +insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s: +Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming +package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such +field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously +large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance +detected while looking for method '%s' in package '%s', Reference found +where even-sized list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use +of reserved word "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed + +=item Obsolete Diagnostics + +Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open +temporary file, regexp too big + +=item Configuration Changes + +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item HISTORY + +=back + +=head2 perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004 + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Supported Environments + +=item Core Changes + +=over + +=item List assignment to %ENV works + +=item "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error now lists @INC + +=item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003 + +=item $PERL5OPT environment variable + +=item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options + +=item More precise warnings + +=item Deprecated: Inherited C for non-methods + +=item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable + +=item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified + +=item Group vector changeable with C<$)> + +=item Fixed parsing of $$, &$, etc. + +=item Fixed localization of $, $&, etc. + +=item No resetting of $. on implicit close + +=item C may return undef + +=item C determines value of EXPR in scalar context + +=item Changes to tainting checks + +No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No +spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name + +=item New Opcode module and revised Safe module + +=item Embedding improvements + +=item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes + +=item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface + +=item New and changed syntax + +$coderef->(PARAMS) + +=item New and changed builtin constants + +__PACKAGE__ + +=item New and changed builtin variables + +$^E, $^H, $^M + +=item New and changed builtin functions + +delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in +Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module +VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C does not +reset search position on failure, C ignores whitespace before ?*+{}, +nested C closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals + +=item New builtin methods + +isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ) + +=item TIEHANDLE now supported + +TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this +LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this + +=item Malloc enhancements + +-DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE + +=item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements + +=back + +=item Support for More Operating Systems + +=over + +=item Win32 + +=item Plan 9 + +=item QNX + +=item AmigaOS + +=back + +=item Pragmata + +use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use +constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish + +=item Modules + +=over + +=item Required Updates + +=item Installation directories + +=item Module information summary + +=item Fcntl + +=item IO + +=item Math::Complex + +=item Math::Trig + +=item DB_File + +=item Net::Ping + +=item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators + +=back + +=item Utility Changes + +=over + +=item pod2html + +Sends converted HTML to standard output + +=item xsubpp + +C XSUBs now default to returning nothing + +=back + +=item C Language API Changes + +C and C, C, Extended API for +manipulating hashes + +=item Documentation Changes + +L, L, L, L, L, +L, L, L + +=item New Diagnostics + +"my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is +not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too +large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free +nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr, +Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort +subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in +use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant +subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did +not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too +long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: +%s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number, +internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type +in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once: +possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of +memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible +attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words +with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found +while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Too late for +"B<-T>" option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, +Unrecognized character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$" to +mean "${$}" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with +defined(), Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay +shared, Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in +prime_env_iter, Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, +PERL_SH_DIR too long, Process terminated by SIG%s + +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item HISTORY + +=back + +=head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS (possibly very outdated information) + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=back + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Prerequisites + +B, B + +=item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS + +=item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS + +fork(), some features of the UNIX filesystem regarding link count and file +dates, inplace operation (the -i switch) without backup file, umask() +works, but the correct permissions are only set when the file is +finally close()d + +=back + +=item INSTALLATION + +=item Accessing documentation + +=over + +=item Manpages + +=item B + +=item B C files + +=item C docs + +=back + +=item BUILD + +=over + +=item Prerequisites + +=item Getting the perl source + +=item Making + +=item Testing + +=item Installing the built perl + +=back + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item PREREQUISITES + +=over + +=item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it) + +=item Cygwin Configuration + +C, I, Permissions + +=back + +=item CONFIGURE + +=over + +=item Strip Binaries + +=item Optional Libraries + +C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C), C<-ldb> (C), +C<-lcygipc> (C) + +=item Configure-time Options + +C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>, C<-Duseperlio>, +C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles> + +=item Suspicious Warnings + +Whoa There, I, Win9x and C, Checking how std your stdio +is.., Compiler/Preprocessor defines + +=back + +=item MAKE + +=over + +=item Warnings + +=item ld2 + +=back + +=item TEST + +=over + +=item File Permissions + +=item Hard Links + +=item Filetime Granularity + +=item Tainting Checks + +=item /etc/group + +=item Script Portability + +Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous + +=back + +=item INSTALL + +=item MANIFEST + +Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl +Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHORS + +=item HISTORY + +=back + +=head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95. + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Prerequisites + +DJGPP, Pthreads + +=item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS + +=item Building + +=item Testing + +=item Installation + +=back + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix +(HP-UX) systems + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX + +=item PA-RISC + +=item PA-RISC 1.0 + +=item PA-RISC 1.1 + +=item PA-RISC 2.0 + +=item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions + +=item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX + +=item The HP ANSI C Compiler + +=item Using Large Files with Perl + +=item Threaded Perl + +=item 64-bit Perl + +=item GDBM and Threads + +=item NFS filesystems and utime(2) + +=back + +=item AUTHOR + +=item DATE + +=back + +=head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen +systems + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen + +=item Failures during C + +op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t + +=item Building external modules + +=back + +=item AUTHOR + +=item DATE + +=back + +=head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT. + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=back + +=over + +=item Target + +=item Other OSes + +=item Prerequisites + +EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh + +=item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...) + +=item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl + +=back + +=over + +=item Frequently asked questions + +=over + +=item I cannot run external programs + +=item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F from my +program. + +Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use +L? + +=item C<``> and pipe-C do not work under DOS. + +=item Cannot start C + +=back + +=item INSTALLATION + +=over + +=item Automatic binary installation + +C, C, F + +=item Manual binary installation + +Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable +(statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library, +Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl +and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation, +Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh + +=item B + +=back + +=item Accessing documentation + +=over + +=item OS/2 F<.INF> file + +=item Plain text + +=item Manpages + +=item HTML + +=item GNU C files + +=item F<.PDF> files + +=item C docs + +=back + +=item BUILD + +=over + +=item Prerequisites + +=item Getting perl source + +=item Application of the patches + +=item Hand-editing + +=item Making + +=item Testing + +A lot of C, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F, +F, F, F, F + +=item Installing the built perl + +=item C-style build + +=back + +=item Build FAQ + +=over + +=item Some C became C<\> in pdksh. + +=item C<'errno'> - unresolved external + +=item Problems with tr or sed + +=item Some problem (forget which ;-) + +=item Library ... not found + +=item Segfault in make + +=back + +=item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port + +=over + +=item C, C + +=item C + +=item C on the first line + +=item Additional modules: + +=item Prebuilt methods: + +C, C, C, + C, C, +C, C, +C, C, +C, C, +C + +=item Misfeatures + +=item Modifications + +C, C, C, C, C, C + +=back + +=item Perl flavors + +=over + +=item F + +=item F + +=item F + +=item F + +=item Why strange names? + +=item Why dynamic linking? + +=item Why chimera build? + +explicit fork(), open FH, "|-", open FH, "-|" + +=back + +=item ENVIRONMENT + +=over + +=item C + +=item C + +=item C + +=item C + +=item C + +=item C or C + +=back + +=item Evolution + +=over + +=item Priorities + +=item DLL name mangling + +=item Threading + +=item Calls to external programs + +=item Memory allocation + +=item Threads + +C, F + +=back + +=back + +=over + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390. + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Unpacking + +=item Setup and utilities + +=item Configure + +=item Build, test, install + +=item Usage Hints + +=item Extensions + +=back + +=item AUTHORS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=over + +=item Mailing list + +=back + +=item HISTORY + +=back + +=head2 perlposix-bc, README.posix-bc - building and installing Perl for +BS2000 POSIX. + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item gzip + +=item bison + +=item Unpacking + +=item Compiling + +=item Testing + +=item Install + +=item Using Perl + +=back + +=item AUTHORS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=over + +=item Mailing list + +=back + +=item HISTORY + +=back + +=head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Installation + +=item Organization of Perl Images + +=over + +=item Core Images + +=item Perl Extensions + +=item Installing static extensions + +=item Installing dynamic extensions + +=back + +=item File specifications + +=over + +=item Syntax + +=item Wildcard expansion + +=item Pipes + +=back + +=item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB + +=item Command line + +=over + +=item I/O redirection and backgrounding + +=item Command line switches + +-i, -S, -u + +=back + +=item Perl functions + +File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump, +exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select +(system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime +LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS + +=item Perl variables + +%ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $^S, $| + +=item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences + +=over + +=item SDBM_File + +=back + +=item Revision date + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Win32 + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Setting Up + +Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Mingw32 with GCC + +=item Building + +=item Testing + +=item Installation + +=item Usage Hints + +Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line, +Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific +Extensions, Running Perl Scripts, Miscellaneous Things + +=back + +=item BUGS AND CAVEATS + +=item AUTHORS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item HISTORY + +=back + +=head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION + +=head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated) + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +method, locked + +=back + +=head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Built-in Attributes + +locked, method, lvalue + +=item Available Subroutines + +get, reftype + +=item Package-specific Attribute Handling + +FETCH_I_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I_ATTRIBUTES + +=item Syntax of Attribute Lists + +=back + +=item EXPORTS + +=over + +=item Default exports + +=item Available exports + +=item Export tags defined + +=back + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated) + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +method, locked + +=back + +=head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item WARNING + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item HISTORY + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character +semantics + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal +escape. + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS + +=item BUGS + +=back + +=head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item NOTES + +=item TECHNICAL NOTE + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning +diagnostics + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item The C Pragma + +=item The I Program + +=back + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item INTERNALS + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 fields - compile-time class fields + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +new, phash + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item subpragma access + +=back + +=back + +=head2 integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of +double + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Adding directories to @INC + +=item Deleting directories from @INC + +=item Restoring original @INC + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in +operations + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item UNIMPLEMENTED FUNCTIONALITY + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Declaration of overloaded functions + +=item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations + +FALSE, TRUE, C + +=item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations + +=item Calling Conventions for Mutators + +C<++> and C<-->, C and other assignment versions + +=item Overloadable Operations + +I, I, I, +I, I, I, I, I, I + +=item Inheritance and overloading + +Strings as values of C directive, Overloading of an operation +is inherited by derived classes + +=back + +=item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C + +=over + +=item Last Resort + +=item Fallback + +C, TRUE, defined, but FALSE + +=item Copy Constructor + +B + +=back + +=item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION + +I, I, +I, C, I, I, +I, I, I, I, +I + +=item Losing overloading + +=item Run-time Overloading + +=item Public functions + +overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op) + +=item Overloading constants + +integer, float, binary, q, qr + +=item IMPLEMENTATION + +=item Metaphor clash + +=item Cookbook + +=over + +=item Two-face scalars + +=item Two-face references + +=item Symbolic calculator + +=item I symbolic calculator + +=back + +=item AUTHOR + +=item DIAGNOSTICS + +=item BUGS + +=back + +=head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item OPTIONS + +=over + +=item SIGNAL HANDLERS + +B, B, B I + +=item SIGNAL LISTS + +B, B, B + +=item OTHER + +B, B, I, I + +=back + +=item EXAMPLES + +=back + +=head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +C, C, C + +=back + +=head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 in source code + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete) + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +use warnings::register, warnings::enabled([$category]), +warnings::warn([$category,] $message) + +=back + +=head2 warnings::register - warnings import function + +=head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION + +=head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item DBM Comparisons + +[0], [1], [2], [3] + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Subroutine Stubs + +=item Using B's AUTOLOAD Subroutine + +=item Overriding B's AUTOLOAD Subroutine + +=item Package Lexicals + +=item B vs. B + +=back + +=item CAVEATS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +$keep, $check, $modtime + +=over + +=item Multiple packages + +=back + +=item DIAGNOSTICS + +=back + +=head2 B - The Perl Compiler + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES + +=over + +=item SV-RELATED CLASSES + +=item B::SV METHODS + +REFCNT, FLAGS + +=item B::IV METHODS + +IV, IVX, needs64bits, packiv + +=item B::NV METHODS + +NV, NVX + +=item B::RV METHODS + +RV + +=item B::PV METHODS + +PV + +=item B::PVMG METHODS + +MAGIC, SvSTASH + +=item B::MAGIC METHODS + +MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR + +=item B::PVLV METHODS + +TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG + +=item B::BM METHODS + +USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE + +=item B::GV METHODS + +is_empty, NAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN, LINE, FILE, +FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS + +=item B::IO METHODS + +LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV, +BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS + +=item B::AV METHODS + +FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS + +=item B::CV METHODS + +STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY, +CvFLAGS + +=item B::HV METHODS + +FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY + +=item OP-RELATED CLASSES + +=item B::OP METHODS + +next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private + +=item B::UNOP METHOD + +first + +=item B::BINOP METHOD + +last + +=item B::LOGOP METHOD + +other + +=item B::LISTOP METHOD + +children + +=item B::PMOP METHODS + +pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp + +=item B::SVOP METHOD + +sv, gv + +=item B::PADOP METHOD + +padix + +=item B::PVOP METHOD + +pv + +=item B::LOOP METHODS + +redoop, nextop, lastop + +=item B::COP METHODS + +label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line + +=back + +=item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C + +main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes, +sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG), +walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM), +hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate +bytecode + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHORS + +=back + +=head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item OPTIONS + +B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>, +B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, +B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-Ppackage> Stores package in the +output. =back + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHORS + +=back + +=head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item OPTIONS + +B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>, +B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>, B<-llimit> + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item OPTIONS + +B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>, +B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>, +B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On> + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item BUGS + +=item DIFFERENCES + +=over + +=item Loops + +=item Context of ".." + +=item Arithmetic + +=item Deprecated features + +=back + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item OPTIONS + +B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-u>I, B<-s>I, B, BI, +B, BIB<.> + +=item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE + +=over + +=item Synopsis + +=item Description + +=item new + +=item coderef2text + +=back + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 B::Lint - Perl lint + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS + +B, B and B, B, +B, B, B, B, B + +=item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS + +B<-u Package> + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item CONVENTIONS + +=item IMPLEMENTATION + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded + +=head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item OPTIONS + +C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]> + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Methods + +new, debug, iters + +=item Standard Exports + +timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ), +timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr ( +TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] ) + +=item Optional Exports + +clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [ +STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache ( +), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 ) + +=back + +=item NOTES + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item INHERITANCE + +=item CAVEATS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHORS + +=item MODIFICATION HISTORY + +=back + +=head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item OPTIONS + +B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>, +B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, +B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-Ppackage> Stores package in the +output. =back + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHORS + +=back + +=head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item ABSTRACT + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item PROGRAMMING STYLE + +=item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES + +1. Use another name for the argument, if one is available. For example, +-value is an alias for -values, 2. Change the capitalization, e.g. -Values, +3. Put quotes around the argument name, e.g. '-values' + +=item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE): + +=item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE + +=item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY: + +=item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT: + +=item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER: + +=item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER: + +=item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER: + +=item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE: + +=item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY: + +=item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS: + +=item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST: + +=item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH: + +=item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE: + +=item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS + +=item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE + +B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>, +B<:standard>, B<:all> + +=item PRAGMAS + +-any, -compile, -nosticky, -nph, -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, +-no_debug, -debug, -private_tempfiles + +=item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS + +1. start_table() (generates a tag), 2. end_table() (generates a +
tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a
    tag), 4. end_ul() (generates +a
tag) + +=back + +=item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS + +=over + +=item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER: + +=item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER + +=item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER + +B, 4, 5, 6.. + +=item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT: + +=item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION: + +=item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL + +B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query> +(B<-query_string>) + +=item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS + +=back + +=item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS: + +=over + +=item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS + +=item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS + +=item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION + +=item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS + +=item AUTOESCAPING HTML + +$escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset = +charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]); + +=item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML + +=back + +=item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS: + +=over + +=item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG + +=item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM + +B, B + +=item CREATING A TEXT FIELD + +B + +=item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD + +=item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD + +=item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD + +B + +=item CREATING A POPUP MENU + +=item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST + +B + +=item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES + +B + +=item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX + +B + +=item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP + +B + +=item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON + +B + +=item CREATING A RESET BUTTON + +=item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON + +=item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD + +B + +=item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON + +B, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment +type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE + +=item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON + +=back + +=item HTTP COOKIES + +1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag, +B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure> + +=item WORKING WITH FRAMES + +1. Create a document, 2. Specify the destination for the +document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in +the
tag + +=item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS + +=item DEBUGGING + +=over + +=item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS + +=back + +=item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES + +B, B, B, B, +B, B, B Return the script +name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, B, B, B, B, B, +B, B, B, B, +B, B + +=item USING NPH SCRIPTS + +In the B statement, By calling the B method:, By using B<-nph> +parameters in the B and B statements: + +=item Server Push + +multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end() + +=item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks + +B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script +basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts> + +=item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL + +=item AUTHOR INFORMATION + +=item CREDITS + +Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor +(james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish , Mike Jewell +(mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg +(jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick +(applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis +(tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen +(tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim +MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks +(kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed +Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug +MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org), +...and many many more.. + +=item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT + +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item ABSTRACT + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHOR INFORMATION + +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 CGI::Carp, B - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or +other) error log + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES + +=item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW + +=over + +=item Changing the default message + +=back + +=item CHANGE LOG + +=item AUTHORS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item USING CGI::Cookie + +B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag> + +=over + +=item Creating New Cookies + +=item Sending the Cookie to the Browser + +=item Recovering Previous Cookies + +=item Manipulating Cookies + +B, B, B, B, B + +=back + +=item AUTHOR INFORMATION + +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE + +=item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS + +=item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS + +=item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS + +=item CAVEATS + +=item AUTHOR INFORMATION + +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Tags that won't be formatted + +=item Customizing the Indenting + +=back + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item USING CGI::Push + +-next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires + +=over + +=item Heterogeneous Pages + +=item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly + +=back + +=item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS + +=item AUTHOR INFORMATION + +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item ABSTRACT + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHOR INFORMATION + +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 CGI::Util - various utilities + +=head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Interactive Mode + +Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test, +install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or +distribution, Signals + +=item CPAN::Shell + +=item autobundle + +=item recompile + +=item The four C Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution + +=item ProgrammerE<39>s interface + +expand($type,@things), Programming Examples + +=item Methods in the four Classes + +=item Cache Manager + +=item Bundles + +=item Prerequisites + +=item Finding packages and VERSION + +=item Debugging + +=item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode + +=back + +=item CONFIGURATION + +Cscalar optionE>, Cscalar optionE +EvalueE>, Clist optionE>, Clist +optionE [shift|pop]>, Clist optionE +[unshift|push|splice] ElistE> + +=over + +=item Note on urllist parameter's format + +=item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support + +=back + +=item SECURITY + +=item EXPORT + +=item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES + +=item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS + +http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS +module + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller) + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Forcing a Stack Trace + +=back + +=item BUGS + +=back + +=head2 Carp::Heavy - Carp guts + +=over + +=item SYNOPIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item The C function + +=item Element Types and Accessor Methods + +Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or +C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>) + +=item Initializing with C + +=back + +=item EXAMPLES + +Example 1, Example 2, Example 3 + +=item Author and Modification History + +=back + +=head2 Config - access Perl configuration information + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names) + +=item EXAMPLE + +=item WARNING + +=item GLOSSARY + +=over + +=item _ + +C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o> + +=item a + +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C + +=item b + +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C + +=item c + +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C + +=item C + +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C + +=item d + +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C + +=item e + +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C + +=item f + +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C + +=item g + +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C + +=item h + +C, C, C, C, C + +=item i + +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C + +=item k + +C, C + +=item l + +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C + +=item m + +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C + +=item M + +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C + +=item n + +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C + +=item o + +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C + +=item p + +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C + +=item P + +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C + +=item q + +C, C + +=item r + +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C + +=item s + +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C + +=item t + +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C + +=item u + +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C + +=item v + +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C + +=item x + +C, C + +=item z + +C, C + +=back + +=item NOTE + +=back + +=head2 Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft, +subject to +change) + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Global Variables + + $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args, +@DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname, +$DB::lineno + +=item API Methods + +CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'), +CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done() + +=item Client Callback Methods + +CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(), +CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(), +CLIENT->output(LIST) + +=back + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +B, B, B + +=over + +=item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or 3 + +=item Interface to Berkeley DB + +=item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File + +=item Default Parameters + +=item In Memory Databases + +=back + +=item DB_HASH + +=over + +=item A Simple Example + +=back + +=item DB_BTREE + +=over + +=item Changing the BTREE sort order + +=item Handling Duplicate Keys + +=item The get_dup() Method + +=item The find_dup() Method + +=item The del_dup() Method + +=item Matching Partial Keys + +=back + +=item DB_RECNO + +=over + +=item The 'bval' Option + +=item A Simple Example + +=item Extra RECNO Methods + +B<$X-Epush(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-Epop ;>, B<$X-Eshift>, +B<$X-Eunshift(list) ;>, B<$X-Elength> + +=item Another Example + +=back + +=item THE API INTERFACE + +B<$status = $X-Eget($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = +$X-Eput($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-Edel($key [, +$flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-Efd ;>, B<$status = $X-Eseq($key, +$value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-Esync([$flags]) ;> + +=item DBM FILTERS + +B, B, B, +B + +=over + +=item The Filter + +=item An Example -- the NULL termination problem. + +=item Another Example -- Key is a C int. + +=back + +=item HINTS AND TIPS + +=over + +=item Locking: The Trouble with fd + +=item Safe ways to lock a database + +B, B, B + +=item Sharing Databases With C Applications + +=item The untie() Gotcha + +=back + +=item COMMON QUESTIONS + +=over + +=item Why is there Perl source in my database? + +=item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File? + +=item What does "Invalid Argument" mean? + +=item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean? + +=back + +=item REFERENCES + +=item HISTORY + +=item BUGS + +=item AVAILABILITY + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both +printing and C + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Methods + +I->new(I, I), I<$OBJ>->Dump I +I->Dump(I, I), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>), +I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>), +I<$OBJ>->Reset + +=item Functions + +Dumper(I) + +=item Configuration Variables or Methods + +$Data::Dumper::Indent I I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>), +$Data::Dumper::Purity I I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>), +$Data::Dumper::Pad I I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>), +$Data::Dumper::Varname I I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>), +$Data::Dumper::Useqq I I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>), +$Data::Dumper::Terse I I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>), +$Data::Dumper::Freezer I $I->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>), +$Data::Dumper::Toaster I $I->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>), +$Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I $I->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>), +$Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I $I->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>), +$Data::Dumper::Bless I $I->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>), +$Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I $I->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>) + +=item Exports + +Dumper + +=back + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=item VERSION + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item PROFILE FORMAT + +=item AUTOLOAD + +=item ENVIRONMENT + +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item EXAMPLES + +=over + +=item A simple scalar string + +=item A simple scalar number + +=item A simple scalar with an extra reference + +=item A reference to a simple scalar + +=item A reference to an array + +=item A reference to a hash + +=item Dumping a large array or hash + +=item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer + +=item A reference to a subroutine + +=back + +=item EXPORTS + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data. + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Creation + +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit, +stopDbSignal + +=item Methods + +dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump, +veryCompact, set, get + +=back + +=back + +=head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +@dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs, +@dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(), +dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(), +dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(), +bootstrap() + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into +Perl code + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation +variables + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item PERFORMANCE + +=back + +=head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or +arrays + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item LIMITATIONS + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Errno - System errno constants + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item CAVEATS + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item How to Export + +=item Selecting What To Export + +=item Specialised Import Lists + +=item Constants can be inlined + +=item Exporting without using Export's import method + +=item Module Version Checking + +=item Managing Unknown Symbols + +=item Tag Handling Utility Functions + +=back + +=back + +=head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts + +=over + +=item SYNOPIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in +Makefiles etc. + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +cat + +eqtime src dst + +rm_f files... + +rm_f files... + +touch files .. + +mv source... destination + +cp source... destination + +chmod mode files.. + +mkpath directory.. + +test_f file + +=over + +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item @EXPORT + +=item FUNCTIONS + +xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(), +ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules) + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item USAGE + +=item FUNCTIONS + +new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(), +packlist(), version() + +=item EXAMPLE + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions + +=over + +=item EXTRALIBS + +=item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH + +=item BSLOADLIBS + +=back + +=item PORTABILITY + +=over + +=item VMS implementation + +=item Win32 implementation + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in +ExtUtils::MakeMaker + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in +ExtUtils::MakeMaker + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item METHODS + +=over + +=item Preloaded methods + +canonpath + +=back + +=back + +catdir + +catfile + +curdir + +rootdir + +updir + +=over + +=item SelfLoaded methods + +c_o (o) + +=back + +cflags (o) + +clean (o) + +const_cccmd (o) + +const_config (o) + +const_loadlibs (o) + +constants (o) + +depend (o) + +dir_target (o) + +dist (o) + +dist_basics (o) + +dist_ci (o) + +dist_core (o) + +dist_dir (o) + +dist_test (o) + +dlsyms (o) + +dynamic (o) + +dynamic_bs (o) + +dynamic_lib (o) + +exescan + +extliblist + +file_name_is_absolute + +find_perl + +=over + +=item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile + +fixin + +=back + +force (o) + +guess_name + +has_link_code + +htmlifypods (o) + +init_dirscan + +init_main + +init_others + +install (o) + +installbin (o) + +libscan (o) + +linkext (o) + +lsdir + +macro (o) + +makeaperl (o) + +makefile (o) + +manifypods (o) + +maybe_command + +maybe_command_in_dirs + +needs_linking (o) + +nicetext + +parse_version + +parse_abstract + +pasthru (o) + +path + +perl_script + +perldepend (o) + +ppd + +perm_rw (o) + +perm_rwx (o) + +pm_to_blib + +post_constants (o) + +post_initialize (o) + +postamble (o) + +prefixify + +processPL (o) + +realclean (o) + +replace_manpage_separator + +static (o) + +static_lib (o) + +staticmake (o) + +subdir_x (o) + +subdirs (o) + +test (o) + +test_via_harness (o) + +test_via_script (o) + +tool_autosplit (o) + +tools_other (o) + +tool_xsubpp (o) + +top_targets (o) + +writedoc + +xs_c (o) + +xs_cpp (o) + +xs_o (o) + +perl_archive + +export_list + +=over + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in +ExtUtils::MakeMaker + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Methods always loaded + +wraplist + +=back + +=back + +rootdir (override) + +=over + +=item SelfLoaded methods + +guess_name (override) + +=back + +find_perl (override) + +path (override) + +maybe_command (override) + +maybe_command_in_dirs (override) + +perl_script (override) + +file_name_is_absolute (override) + +replace_manpage_separator + +init_others (override) + +constants (override) + +cflags (override) + +const_cccmd (override) + +pm_to_blib (override) + +tool_autosplit (override) + +tool_sxubpp (override) + +xsubpp_version (override) + +tools_other (override) + +dist (override) + +c_o (override) + +xs_c (override) + +xs_o (override) + +top_targets (override) + +dlsyms (override) + +dynamic_lib (override) + +dynamic_bs (override) + +static_lib (override) + +manifypods (override) + +processPL (override) + +installbin (override) + +subdir_x (override) + +clean (override) + +realclean (override) + +dist_basics (override) + +dist_core (override) + +dist_dir (override) + +dist_test (override) + +install (override) + +perldepend (override) + +makefile (override) + +test (override) + +test_via_harness (override) + +test_via_script (override) + +makeaperl (override) + +nicetext (override) + +=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in +ExtUtils::MakeMaker + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +catfile + +constants (o) + +static_lib (o) + +dynamic_bs (o) + +dynamic_lib (o) + +canonpath + +perl_script + +pm_to_blib + +test_via_harness (o) + +tool_autosplit (override) + +tools_other (o) + +xs_o (o) + +top_targets (o) + +htmlifypods (o) + +manifypods (o) + +dist_ci (o) + +dist_core (o) + +pasthru (o) + +=head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item How To Write A Makefile.PL + +=item Default Makefile Behaviour + +=item make test + +=item make testdb + +=item make install + +=item PREFIX and LIB attribute + +=item AFS users + +=item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary + +=item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations + +=item Which architecture dependent directory? + +=item Using Attributes and Parameters + +AUTHOR, ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CAPI, CCFLAGS, CONFIG, +CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT, +EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS, +HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, +INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR, +INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, +INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, +INST_EXE, INST_LIB, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_MAN1DIR, +INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, PERL_MALLOC_OK, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, +LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, +NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, +PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, +PM, PMLIBDIRS, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC, PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, +PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, +XS_VERSION + +=item Additional lowercase attributes + +clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test, +tool_autosplit + +=item Overriding MakeMaker Methods + +=item Hintsfile support + +=item Distribution Support + + make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest, + make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make +shdist, make zipdist, make ci + +=item Disabling an extension + +=back + +=item ENVIRONMENT + +PERL_MM_OPT + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHORS + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item MANIFEST.SKIP + +=item EXPORT_OK + +=item GLOBAL VARIABLES + +=item DIAGNOSTICS + +C I, C I, C I<$!>, +C I + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic +extension + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME + +=item AUTHOR + +=item REVISION + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item USAGE + +=item FUNCTIONS + +new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file() + +=item EXAMPLE + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item NOTE + +=item EXPORTED SYMBOLS + +=back + +=head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse + +=item EXAMPLES + +C, C + +=back + +=head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item RETURN + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Special behaviour if C is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32) + +rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag]) + +=back + +=item RETURN + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item EXPORTS (by request only) + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=item HISTORY + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C + +=item CAVEAT + +=back + +=head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C + +=item DIAGNOSTICS + +C, C + +=item NOTES + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHORS + +=back + +=head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHORS + +=back + +=head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Exports + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item METHODS + +canonpath + +=back + +catdir + +catfile + +curdir + +devnull + +rootdir + +tmpdir + +updir + +file_name_is_absolute + +path + +splitpath + +splitdir + +catpath + +abs2rel + +rel2abs + +=over + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item METHODS + +canonpath + +=back + +catdir + +catfile + +curdir + +devnull + +rootdir + +tmpdir + +updir + +no_upwards + +case_tolerant + +file_name_is_absolute + +path + +join + +splitpath + +splitdir + +catpath + +abs2rel + +rel2abs + +=over + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +eliminate_macros + +=back + +fixpath + +=over + +=item Methods always loaded + +canonpath (override) + +=back + +catdir + +catfile + +curdir (override) + +devnull (override) + +rootdir (override) + +tmpdir (override) + +updir (override) + +case_tolerant (override) + +path (override) + +file_name_is_absolute (override) + +splitpath (override) + +splitdir (override) + +catpath (override) + +abs2rel (override) + +rel2abs (override) + +=over + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +devnull + +=back + +tmpdir + +catfile + +canonpath + +splitpath + +splitdir + +catpath + +=over + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=over + +=item FUNCTIONS + +B + +=back + +B + +=over + +=item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS + +B + +=back + +B + +B + +B + +=over + +=item POSIX FUNCTIONS + +B + +=back + +B + +=over + +=item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS + +B + +=back + +=over + +=item UTILITY FUNCTIONS + +B + +=back + +=over + +=item PACKAGE VARIABLES + +B, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH + +=back + +TopSystemUID + +=over + +=item WARNING + +=item HISTORY + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item NOTE + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item BUGS + +=back + +=head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +$fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES + +=item KNOWN BUGS + +=item AUTHORS + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library. + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AVAILABILITY + +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Command Line Options, an Introduction + +=item Getting Started with Getopt::Long + +=over + +=item Simple options + +=item A little bit less simple options + +=item Mixing command line option with other arguments + +=item Options with values + +=item Options with multiple values + +=item Options with hash values + +=item User-defined subroutines to handle options + +=item Options with multiple names + +=item Case and abbreviations + +=item Summary of Option Specifications + +!, +, s, i, f, : I [ I ] + +=back + +=item Advanced Possibilities + +=over + +=item Documentation and help texts + +=item Storing options in a hash + +=item Bundling + +=item The lonesome dash + +=item Argument call-back + +=back + +=item Configuring Getopt::Long + +default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, require_order, permute, bundling +(default: reset), bundling_override (default: reset), ignore_case +(default: set), ignore_case_always (default: reset), pass_through (default: +reset), prefix, prefix_pattern, debug (default: reset) + +=item Return values and Errors + +=item Legacy + +=over + +=item Default destinations + +=item Alternative option starters + +=item Configuration variables + +=back + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER + +=back + +=head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch +clustering + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current +locale + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 IO - load various IO modules + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (), +rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ] + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item CONSTRUCTOR + +new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile + +=item METHODS + +open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ) + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item HISTORY + +=back + +=head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item CONSTRUCTOR + +new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE ) + +=item METHODS + +$io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines, +$io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error, +$io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ), +$io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint + +=item NOTE + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item BUGS + +=item HISTORY + +=back + +=head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item CONSTRUCTOR + +new ( [READER, WRITER] ) + +=item METHODS + +reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles () + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item METHODS + +mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove ( +IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] ) + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item HISTORY + +=back + +=head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item CONSTRUCTOR + +new ( [ HANDLES ] ) + +=item METHODS + +add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read ( +[ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), +count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] ) + +=item EXAMPLE + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item CONSTRUCTOR + +new ( [ARGS] ) + +=item METHODS + +accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), timeout([VAL]), +sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol, connected + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item CONSTRUCTOR + +new ( [ARGS] ) + +=over + +=item METHODS + +sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost +() + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item CONSTRUCTOR + +new ( [ARGS] ) + +=item METHODS + +hostpath(), peerpath() + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory +handles + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (), +rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ] + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item CONSTRUCTOR + +new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile + +=item METHODS + +open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ) + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item HISTORY + +=back + +=head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O +handles + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item CONSTRUCTOR + +new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE ) + +=item METHODS + +$io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines, +$io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error, +$io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ), +$io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint + +=item NOTE + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item BUGS + +=item HISTORY + +=back + +=head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item CONSTRUCTOR + +new ( [READER, WRITER] ) + +=item METHODS + +reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles () + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item METHODS + +mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove ( +IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] ) + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for +I/O objects + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item HISTORY + +=back + +=head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system +call + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item CONSTRUCTOR + +new ( [ HANDLES ] ) + +=item METHODS + +add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read ( +[ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), +count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] ) + +=item EXAMPLE + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket +communications + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item CONSTRUCTOR + +new ( [ARGS] ) + +=item METHODS + +accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), timeout([VAL]), +sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol, connected + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for +AF_INET domain sockets + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item CONSTRUCTOR + +new ( [ARGS] ) + +=over + +=item METHODS + +sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost +() + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for +AF_UNIX domain sockets + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item CONSTRUCTOR + +new ( [ARGS] ) + +=item METHODS + +hostpath(), peerpath() + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item METHODS + +new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set +( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [, +FLAGS ] ), stat + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item WARNING + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error +handling + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item WARNING + +=back + +=head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item METHODS + +new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ), +getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ), +set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N +, VALUE ), stat + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +ftok( PATH, ID ) + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHORS + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item METHODS + +new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set +( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [, +FLAGS ] ), stat + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object +class + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item METHODS + +new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ), +getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ), +set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N +, VALUE ), stat + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to, Rounding is +performed + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +Canonical notation, Input, Output + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item Autocreating constants + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical +functions + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item OPERATIONS + +=item CREATION + +=item STRINGIFICATION + +=over + +=item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6 + +=back + +=item USAGE + +=item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO + +=item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHORS + +=back + +=head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS + +B + +=over + +=item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO + +=item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS + +=back + +=item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS + +=item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS + +=over + +=item COORDINATE SYSTEMS + +=item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS + +cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian, +cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical + +=back + +=item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHORS + +=back + +=head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Functions + +Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [, +$timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]); + +=back + +=item WARNING + +=item NOTES + +=back + +=head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() +functions + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item NOTE + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() +functions + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item NOTE + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() +functions + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item NOTE + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() +functions + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item NOTE + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item CONVENTIONS + +=item IMPLEMENTATION + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item NOTE + +=item WARNING + +=item Operator Names and Operator Lists + +an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname +or optag, an operator set (opset) + +=item Opcode Functions + +opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET), +full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...), +define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...), +opdump (PAT) + +=item Manipulating Opsets + +=item TO DO (maybe) + +=back + +=over + +=item Predefined Opcode Tags + +:base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math, +:base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open, +:filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided, +:dangerous + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHORS + +=back + +=head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted +compartments + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +a new namespace, an operator mask + +=item WARNING + +=over + +=item RECENT CHANGES + +=item Methods in class Safe + +permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP, +...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from +(PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME), +root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK) + +=item Some Safety Issues + +Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=back + +=head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when +compiling + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1 + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item NOTE + +=item CAVEATS + +=item FUNCTIONS + +_exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2, +atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown, +clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime, +cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv, +execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror, +fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf, +fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos, +fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid, +getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid, +getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty, +iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper, +isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10, +longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, +memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open, +opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts, +qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind, +rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid, +setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp, +sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat, +strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen, +strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod, +strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain, +tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile, +tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc, +unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs, +wctomb, write + +=item CLASSES + +=over + +=item POSIX::SigAction + +new + +=item POSIX::SigSet + +new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember + +=item POSIX::Termios + +new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag, +getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag, +setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc +field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field +values, c_oflag field values + +=back + +=item PATHNAME CONSTANTS + +Constants =item POSIX CONSTANTS -Constants +Constants + +=item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION + +Constants + +=item ERRNO + +Constants + +=item FCNTL + +Constants + +=item FLOAT + +Constants + +=item LIMITS + +Constants + +=item LOCALE + +Constants + +=item MATH + +Constants + +=item SIGNAL + +Constants + +=item STAT + +Constants, Macros + +=item STDLIB + +Constants + +=item STDIO + +Constants + +=item TIME + +Constants + +=item UNISTD + +Constants + +=item WAIT + +Constants, Macros + +=back + +=head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS + +=over + +=item podchecker() + +B<-warnings> =E I + +=back + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item DIAGNOSTICS + +=over + +=item Errors + +empty =headn, =over on line I without closing =back, =item without +previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end +without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification, +unresolved internal link I, Unknown command "I", Unknown +interior-sequence "I", nested commands +IE...IE...E...E, garbled entity I, Entity +number out of range, malformed link LEE, nonempty ZEE, +empty XEE, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s) +after =back + +=item Warnings + +multiple occurence of link target I, line containing nothing but +whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, No numeric +argument for =over, previous =item has no contents, preceding non-item +paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I vs. I), I unescaped +CE> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No items in =over, No argument +for =item, empty section in previous paragraph, Verbatim paragraph in NAME +section, Hyperlinks + +=back + +=item RETURN VALUE + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item INTERFACE + +=back + +C<$checker-Epoderror( @args )>, C<$checker-Epoderror( {%opts}, +@args )> + +C<$checker-Enum_errors()> + +C<$checker-Ename()> + +C<$checker-Enode()> + +C<$checker-Eidx()> + +C<$checker-Ehyperlink()> + +=over + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item OPTIONS + +B<-verbose>, B<-perl>, B<-script>, B<-inc> + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item ARGUMENTS + +backlink, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index, infile, +libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse, title, +verbose + +=item EXAMPLE + +=item ENVIRONMENT + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs, +commands, etc. + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item REQUIRES + +=item EXPORTS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +B, B, B, +B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=over + +=item OBJECT METHODS + +C + +=back + +=over + +=item Data Accessors + +B + +=back + +B + +B + +B