X-Git-Url: http://git.shadowcat.co.uk/gitweb/gitweb.cgi?a=blobdiff_plain;f=pod%2Fperltoc.pod;h=9b8654edc1192147fa2e7f71800a87193691e98a;hb=231c9faeb17b45588bbde0b49d0d32f25d2a1286;hp=2e23fc91168a8687c8f1a38de88d259e567f06e9;hpb=4755096ec61711c5104ba0b6b9314f32ca0351fe;p=p5sagit%2Fp5-mst-13.2.git diff --git a/pod/perltoc.pod b/pod/perltoc.pod index 2e23fc9..9b8654e 100644 --- a/pod/perltoc.pod +++ b/pod/perltoc.pod @@ -13,22 +13,12 @@ through to locate the proper section you're looking for. =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -modularity and reusability using innumerable modules, embeddable and -extensible, roll-your-own magic variables (including multiple simultaneous -DBM implementations), subroutines can now be overridden, autoloaded, and -prototyped, arbitrarily nested data structures and anonymous functions, -object-oriented programming, compilability into C code or Perl bytecode, -support for light-weight processes (threads), support for -internationalization, localization, and Unicode, lexical scoping, regular -expression enhancements, enhanced debugger and interactive Perl -environment, with integrated editor support, POSIX 1003.1 compliant library - =item AVAILABILITY =item ENVIRONMENT @@ -50,284 +40,70 @@ environment, with integrated editor support, POSIX 1003.1 compliant library =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23 20:38:02 $) -=over - -=item DESCRIPTION - -perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ, L: General Questions -About Perl, What is Perl?, Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it -free?, Which version of Perl should I use?, What are perl4 and perl5?, What -is perl6?, How stable is Perl?, Is Perl difficult to learn?, How does Perl -compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, Scheme, or Tcl?, Can -I do [task] in Perl?, When shouldn't I program in Perl?, What's the -difference between "perl" and "Perl"?, Is it a Perl program or a Perl -script?, What is a JAPH?, Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?, -How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version -(5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language)?, L: Obtaining and -Learning about Perl, What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?, How -can I get a binary version of Perl?, I don't have a C compiler on my -system. How can I compile perl?, I copied the Perl binary from one machine -to another, but scripts don't work, I grabbed the sources and tried to -compile but gdbm/dynamic loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make -it work?, What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is -CPAN? What does CPAN/src/... mean?, Is there an ISO or ANSI certified -version of Perl?, Where can I get information on Perl?, What are the Perl -newsgroups on USENET? Where do I post questions?, Where should I post -source code?, Perl Books, Perl in Magazines, Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW -Access, What mailing lists are there for perl?, Archives of -comp.lang.perl.misc, Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?, Where -do I send bug reports?, What is perl.com?, L: Programming Tools, -How do I do (anything)?, How can I use Perl interactively?, Is there a Perl -shell?, How do I debug my Perl programs?, How do I profile my Perl -programs?, How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?, Is there a -pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?, Is there a ctags for Perl?, Is there -an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?, Where can I get Perl macros for vi?, Where -can I get perl-mode for emacs?, How can I use curses with Perl?, How can I -use X or Tk with Perl?, How can I generate simple menus without using CGI -or Tk?, What is undump?, How can I make my Perl program run faster?, How -can I make my Perl program take less memory?, Is it unsafe to return a -pointer to local data?, How can I free an array or hash so my program -shrinks?, How can I make my CGI script more efficient?, How can I hide the -source for my Perl program?, How can I compile my Perl program into byte -code or C?, How can I compile Perl into Java?, How can I get C<#!perl> to -work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?, Can I write useful perl programs on the command -line?, Why don't perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?, Where can -I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?, Where can I learn about -object-oriented Perl programming?, Where can I learn about linking C with -Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp], I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't -embed perl in my C program, what am I doing wrong?, When I tried to run my -script, I got this message. What does it mean?, What's MakeMaker?, -L: Data Manipulation, Why am I getting long decimals (eg, -19.9499999999999) instead of the numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?, -Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?, Does Perl have a round() -function? What about ceil() and floor()? Trig functions?, How do I -convert bits into ints?, Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?, How do I -multiply matrices?, How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?, -How can I output Roman numerals?, Why aren't my random numbers random?, How -do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?, How do I find the current -century or millennium?, How can I compare two dates and find the -difference?, How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?, How -can I find the Julian Day?, How do I find yesterday's date?, Does Perl have -a year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?, How do I validate input?, How -do I unescape a string?, How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?, -How do I expand function calls in a string?, How do I find matching/nesting -anything?, How do I reverse a string?, How do I expand tabs in a string?, -How do I reformat a paragraph?, How can I access/change the first N letters -of a string?, How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?, How can I -count the number of occurrences of a substring within a string?, How do I -capitalize all the words on one line?, How can I split a [character] -delimited string except when inside [character]? (Comma-separated files), -How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?, How do I -pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?, How do I extract -selected columns from a string?, How do I find the soundex value of a -string?, How can I expand variables in text strings?, What's wrong with -always quoting "$vars"?, Why don't my <: Files and Formats, How do I flush/unbuffer an output -filehandle? Why must I do this?, How do I change one line in a file/delete -a line in a file/insert a line in the middle of a file/append to the -beginning of a file?, How do I count the number of lines in a file?, How do -I make a temporary file name?, How can I manipulate fixed-record-length -files?, How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass -filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?, -How can I use a filehandle indirectly?, How can I set up a footer format to -be used with write()?, How can I write() into a string?, How can I output -my numbers with commas added?, How can I translate tildes (~) in a -filename?, How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?, Why do -I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?, Is there a -leak/bug in glob()?, How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing -blanks?, How can I reliably rename a file?, How can I lock a file?, Why -can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?, I still don't get locking. I just -want to increment the number in the file. How can I do this?, How do I -randomly update a binary file?, How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?, -How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?, How do I print to more than one -file at once?, How can I read in an entire file all at once?, How can I -read in a file by paragraphs?, How can I read a single character from a -file? From the keyboard?, How can I tell whether there's a character -waiting on a filehandle?, How do I do a C in perl?, How do I dup() -a filehandle in Perl?, How do I close a file descriptor by number?, Why -can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't `C:\temp\foo.exe` -work?, Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?, Why does Perl let me -delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber protected files? Isn't -this a bug in Perl?, How do I select a random line from a file?, Why do I -get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?, L: Regexps, How -can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible and -unmaintainable code?, I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. -What's wrong?, How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are -themselves on different lines?, I put a regular expression into $/ but it -didn't work. What's wrong?, How do I substitute case insensitively on the -LHS, but preserving case on the RHS?, How can I make C<\w> match national -character sets?, How can I match a locale-smart version of C?, -How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?, What is C really for?, -How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a file?, -Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?, What does it -mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?, How do I process -each word on each line?, How can I print out a word-frequency or -line-frequency summary?, How can I do approximate matching?, How do I -efficiently match many regular expressions at once?, Why don't -word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?, Why does using $&, $`, or -$' slow my program down?, What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?, Are -Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?, What's wrong with -using grep or map in a void context?, How can I match strings with -multibyte characters?, How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the -user?, L: General Perl Language Issues, Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE -for the Perl language?, What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how -do I know when to use them?, Do I always/never have to quote my strings or -use semicolons and commas?, How do I skip some return values?, How do I -temporarily block warnings?, What's an extension?, Why do Perl operators -have different precedence than C operators?, How do I declare/create a -structure?, How do I create a module?, How do I create a class?, How can I -tell if a variable is tainted?, What's a closure?, What is variable suicide -and how can I prevent it?, How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, -Array, Hash, Method, Regex}?, How do I create a static variable?, What's -the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? Between -local() and my()?, How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly -named lexical is in scope?, What's the difference between deep and shallow -binding?, Why doesn't "my($foo) = ;" work right?, How do I redefine a -builtin function, operator, or method?, What's the difference between -calling a function as &foo and foo()?, How do I create a switch or case -statement?, How can I catch accesses to undefined -variables/functions/methods?, Why can't a method included in this same file -be found?, How can I find out my current package?, How can I comment out a -large block of perl code?, How do I clear a package?, How can I use a -variable as a variable name?, L: System Interaction, How do I -find out which operating system I'm running under?, How come exec() doesn't -return?, How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?, How do I -print something out in color?, How do I read just one key without waiting -for a return key?, How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?, -How do I clear the screen?, How do I get the screen size?, How do I ask the -user for a password?, How do I read and write the serial port?, How do I -decode encrypted password files?, How do I start a process in the -background?, How do I trap control characters/signals?, How do I modify the -shadow password file on a Unix system?, How do I set the time and date?, -How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?, How can I measure time -under a second?, How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception -handling), Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? -What does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?, How can I call -my system's unique C functions from Perl?, Where do I get the include files -to do ioctl() or syscall()?, Why do setuid perl scripts complain about -kernel problems?, How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?, Why -can't I get the output of a command with system()?, How can I capture -STDERR from an external command?, Why doesn't open() return an error when a -pipe open fails?, What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?, How -can I call backticks without shell processing?, Why can't my script read -from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, ^Z on MS-DOS)?, How can I -convert my shell script to perl?, Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp -session?, How can I write expect in Perl?, Is there a way to hide perl's -command line from programs such as "ps"?, I {changed directory, modified my -environment} in a perl script. How come the change disappeared when I -exited the script? How do I get my changes to be visible?, How do I close -a process's filehandle without waiting for it to complete?, How do I fork a -daemon process?, How do I make my program run with sh and csh?, How do I -find out if I'm running interactively or not?, How do I timeout a slow -event?, How do I set CPU limits?, How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?, -How do I use an SQL database?, How do I make a system() exit on control-C?, -How do I open a file without blocking?, How do I install a module from -CPAN?, What's the difference between require and use?, How do I keep my own -module/library directory?, How do I add the directory my program lives in -to the module/library search path?, How do I add a directory to my include -path at runtime?, What is socket.ph and where do I get it?, L: -Networking, My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. -(500 Server Error), How can I get better error messages from a CGI -program?, How do I remove HTML from a string?, How do I extract URLs?, How -do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a file on -another machine?, How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?, How do I fetch an -HTML file?, How do I automate an HTML form submission?, How do I decode or -create those %-encodings on the web?, How do I redirect to another page?, -How do I put a password on my web pages?, How do I edit my .htpasswd and -.htgroup files with Perl?, How do I make sure users can't enter values into -a form that cause my CGI script to do bad things?, How do I parse a mail -header?, How do I decode a CGI form?, How do I check a valid mail address?, -How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?, How do I return the user's mail -address?, How do I send mail?, How do I read mail?, How do I find out my -hostname/domainname/IP address?, How do I fetch a news article or the -active newsgroups?, How do I fetch/put an FTP file?, How can I do RPC in -Perl? - -=over - -=item Where to get this document - -=item How to contribute to this document +=over 4 -=item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the -authors +=item DESCRIPTION -=back +=over 4 -=item Credits +=item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ. -=item Author and Copyright Information +=item L: General Questions About Perl -=over +=item L: Obtaining and Learning about Perl -=item Bundled Distributions +=item L: Programming Tools -=item Disclaimer +=item L: Data Manipulation -=back +=item L: Files and Formats -=item Changes +=item L: Regexps + +=item L: General Perl Language Issues -23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98, 24/April/97, 23/April/97, -25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version, Initial Release: 11/March/97 +=item L: System Interaction + +=item L: Networking =back -=head2 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents +=item About the perlfaq documents -=over +=over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Where to get the perlfaq + +=item How to contribute to the perlfaq + +=item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the +authors -=item BASIC DOCUMENTATION +=back -=over +=item Credits -=item perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language +=item Author and Copyright Information -SYNOPSIS, DESCRIPTION, AVAILABILITY, ENVIRONMENT, AUTHOR, FILES, SEE ALSO, -DIAGNOSTICS, BUGS, NOTES +=over 4 -=item perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23 -20:38:02 $) +=item Bundled Distributions -DESCRIPTION +=item Disclaimer =back +=item Changes + +1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98, +24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version, +Initial Release: 11/March/97 + =back =head2 perlbook - Perl book information -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION @@ -335,11 +111,11 @@ DESCRIPTION =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item Declarations @@ -367,11 +143,11 @@ DESCRIPTION =head2 perldata - Perl data types -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item Variable names @@ -395,13 +171,13 @@ DESCRIPTION =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward) @@ -488,9 +264,151 @@ regular expressions =back +=head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Private Variables via my() + +=item Persistent Private Variables + +=item Temporary Values via local() + +=item Lvalue subroutines + +=item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs) + +=item When to Still Use local() + +=item Pass by Reference + +=item Prototypes + +=item Constant Functions + +=item Overriding Built-in Functions + +=item Autoloading + +=item Subroutine Attributes + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Perl Functions by Category + +Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching, +Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data, +Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed +length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories, +Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related +to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process +groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and +object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess +communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network +info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted +in perl5 + +=item Portability + +=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions + +I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept +NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, +binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, +bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, +chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, +chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE, +connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, +dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete +EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump, +each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, +exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl +FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, +fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, +getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam +NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname +NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr +ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, +getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, +getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent +STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, +endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, +getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, +goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, +import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl +FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, +last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, +link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, +lock, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, +mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, +msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR : +ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open +FILEHANDLE,MODE,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir +DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package +NAMESPACE, package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos +SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE +FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, +q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, +quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read +FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, +readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, +ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, +require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir +DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, +rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir +DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, +semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send +SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority +WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY, +shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, +shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep +EXPR, sleep, sockatmark SOCKET, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, +socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort +BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice +ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split +/PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf +FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat +EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, +substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr +EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen +FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread +FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek +FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite +FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, +syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie +VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate +FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, +ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack +TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST, +use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST, +values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn +LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y/// + +=back + +=back + =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION @@ -500,7 +418,7 @@ regular expressions =item Syntax -=over +=over 4 =item Making References @@ -520,7 +438,7 @@ regular expressions =item Credits -=over +=over 4 =item Distribution Conditions @@ -530,7 +448,7 @@ regular expressions =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION @@ -551,7 +469,7 @@ more elaborate constructs =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS -=over +=over 4 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS @@ -563,7 +481,7 @@ more elaborate constructs =item HASHES OF ARRAYS -=over +=over 4 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS @@ -575,7 +493,7 @@ more elaborate constructs =item ARRAYS OF HASHES -=over +=over 4 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES @@ -587,7 +505,7 @@ more elaborate constructs =item HASHES OF HASHES -=over +=over 4 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES @@ -599,7 +517,7 @@ more elaborate constructs =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS -=over +=over 4 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS @@ -617,47 +535,20 @@ more elaborate constructs =back -=head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl - -=over - -=item DESCRIPTION - -=item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays - -=item Growing Your Own - -=item Access and Printing - -=item Slices - -=item SEE ALSO - -=item AUTHOR - -=back - =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item The Guide -=over +=over 4 =item Simple word matching =item Using character classes -\d is a digit and represents [0-9], \s is a whitespace character and -represents [\ \t\r\n\f], \w is a word character (alphanumeric or _) and -represents [0-9a-zA-Z_], \D is a negated \d; it represents any character -but a digit [^0-9], \S is a negated \s; it represents any non-whitespace -character [^\s], \W is a negated \w; it represents any non-word character -[^\w], The period '.' matches any character but "\n" - =item Matching this or that =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching @@ -666,12 +557,6 @@ character [^\s], \W is a negated \w; it represents any non-word character =item Matching repetitions -C = match 'a' 1 or 0 times, C = match 'a' 0 or more times, i.e., -any number of times, C = match 'a' 1 or more times, i.e., at least -once, C = match at least C times, but not more than C times, -C = match at least C or more times, C = match exactly C -times - =item More matching =item Search and replace @@ -686,7 +571,7 @@ times =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=over +=over 4 =item Acknowledgments @@ -694,247 +579,136 @@ times =back -=head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial +=head2 perlpod - plain old documentation -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=item Part 1: The basics +=over 4 -=over +=item Verbatim Paragraph -=item Simple word matching +=item Command Paragraph -=item Using character classes +=item Ordinary Block of Text -\d is a digit and represents [0-9], \s is a whitespace character and -represents [\ \t\r\n\f], \w is a word character (alphanumeric or _) and -represents [0-9a-zA-Z_], \D is a negated \d; it represents any character -but a digit [^0-9], \S is a negated \s; it represents any non-whitespace -character [^\s], \W is a negated \w; it represents any non-word character -[^\w], The period '.' matches any character but "\n", no modifiers (//): -Default behavior. C<'.'> matches any character except C<"\n">. C<^> -matches only at the beginning of the string and C<$> matches only at the -end or before a newline at the end, s modifier (//s): Treat string as a -single long line. C<'.'> matches any character, even C<"\n">. C<^> -matches only at the beginning of the string and C<$> matches only at the -end or before a newline at the end, m modifier (//m): Treat string as a set -of multiple lines. C<'.'> matches any character except C<"\n">. C<^> and -C<$> are able to match at the start or end of I line within the -string, both s and m modifiers (//sm): Treat string as a single long line, -but detect multiple lines. C<'.'> matches any character, even C<"\n">. -C<^> and C<$>, however, are able to match at the start or end of I -line within the string +=item The Intent -=item Matching this or that +=item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules -=item Grouping things and hierarchical matching +=item Common Pod Pitfalls -0 Start with the first letter in the string 'a', 1 Try the first -alternative in the first group 'abd', 2 Match 'a' followed by 'b'. So far -so good, 3 'd' in the regexp doesn't match 'c' in the string - a dead end. -So backtrack two characters and pick the second alternative in the first -group 'abc', 4 Match 'a' followed by 'b' followed by 'c'. We are on a roll -and have satisfied the first group. Set $1 to 'abc', 5 Move on to the -second group and pick the first alternative 'df', 6 Match the 'd', 7 'f' in -the regexp doesn't match 'e' in the string, so a dead end. Backtrack one -character and pick the second alternative in the second group 'd', 8 'd' -matches. The second grouping is satisfied, so set $2 to 'd', 9 We are at -the end of the regexp, so we are done! We have matched 'abcd' out of the -string "abcde" +=back -=item Extracting matches +=item SEE ALSO -=item Matching repetitions +=item AUTHOR -C = match 'a' 1 or 0 times, C = match 'a' 0 or more times, i.e., -any number of times, C = match 'a' 1 or more times, i.e., at least -once, C = match at least C times, but not more than C times, -C = match at least C or more times, C = match exactly C -times, Principle 0: Taken as a whole, any regexp will be matched at the -earliest possible position in the string, Principle 1: In an alternation -C, the leftmost alternative that allows a match for the whole -regexp will be the one used, Principle 2: The maximal matching quantifiers -C, C<*>, C<+> and C<{n,m}> will in general match as much of the string -as possible while still allowing the whole regexp to match, Principle 3: If -there are two or more elements in a regexp, the leftmost greedy quantifier, -if any, will match as much of the string as possible while still allowing -the whole regexp to match. The next leftmost greedy quantifier, if any, -will try to match as much of the string remaining available to it as -possible, while still allowing the whole regexp to match. And so on, until -all the regexp elements are satisfied, C = match 'a' 0 or 1 times. Try -0 first, then 1, C = match 'a' 0 or more times, i.e., any number of -times, but as few times as possible, C = match 'a' 1 or more times, -i.e., at least once, but as few times as possible, C = match at -least C times, not more than C times, as few times as possible, -C = match at least C times, but as few times as possible, -C = match exactly C times. Because we match exactly C times, -C is equivalent to C and is just there for notational -consistency, Principle 3: If there are two or more elements in a regexp, -the leftmost greedy (non-greedy) quantifier, if any, will match as much -(little) of the string as possible while still allowing the whole regexp to -match. The next leftmost greedy (non-greedy) quantifier, if any, will try -to match as much (little) of the string remaining available to it as -possible, while still allowing the whole regexp to match. And so on, until -all the regexp elements are satisfied, 0 Start with the first letter in the -string 't', 1 The first quantifier '.*' starts out by matching the whole -string 'the cat in the hat', 2 'a' in the regexp element 'at' doesn't match -the end of the string. Backtrack one character, 3 'a' in the regexp -element 'at' still doesn't match the last letter of the string 't', so -backtrack one more character, 4 Now we can match the 'a' and the 't', 5 -Move on to the third element '.*'. Since we are at the end of the string -and '.*' can match 0 times, assign it the empty string, 6 We are done! +=back -=item Building a regexp +=head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide -specifying the task in detail,, breaking down the problem into smaller -parts,, translating the small parts into regexps,, combining the regexps,, -and optimizing the final combined regexp +=over 4 -=item Using regular expressions in Perl +=item DESCRIPTION =back -=item Part 2: Power tools +=head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary -=over +=over 4 -=item More on characters, strings, and character classes +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Compiling and saving regular expressions +=over 4 -=item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression +=item Awk Traps -=item Non-capturing groupings +=item C Traps -=item Looking ahead and looking behind +=item Sed Traps -=item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking +=item Shell Traps -=item Conditional expressions +=item Perl Traps -=item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression +=item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps -=item Pragmas and debugging +Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical +Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts, +Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc, +Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps -=back +=item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps -=item BUGS +Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, +Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, +Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance -=item SEE ALSO +=item Parsing Traps -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing -=over +=item Numerical Traps -=item Acknowledgments +Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops -=back +=item General data type traps -=back +(Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String), +(Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide) -=head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings +=item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts -=over +(list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin) -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Precedence Traps -=over +Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, +Precedence -=item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings +=item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc. -=item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W> +Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular +Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, +Regular Expression -=item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line +=item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps -B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X> +(Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle -=item Backward Compatibility +=item OS Traps -=item Category Hierarchy +(SysV), (SysV) -=item Fatal Warnings +=item Interpolation Traps -=item Reporting Warnings from a Module +Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, +Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation -=back +=item DBM Traps -=item TODO +DBM, DBM -=item SEE ALSO +=item Unclassified Traps -=item AUTHOR +C/C trap using returned value, C on empty string with +LIMIT specified =back -=head2 perldebug - Perl debugging - -=over - -=item DESCRIPTION - -=item The Perl Debugger - -=over - -=item Debugger Commands - -h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n -[expr], r, , c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, --, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr, -b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname -[condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line] -command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O -option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >> -command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! -cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man [manpage] - -=item Configurable Options - -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C - -=item Debugger input/output - -Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame -listing - -=item Debugging compile-time statements - -=item Debugger Customization - -=item Readline Support - -=item Editor Support for Debugging - -=item The Perl Profiler - -=back - -=item Debugging regular expressions - -=item Debugging memory usage - -=item SEE ALSO - -=item BUGS - =back =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems @@ -944,7 +718,7 @@ OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS =item Command Switches -B<-0>[I], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I, +B<-0>[I], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I, B<-D>I, B<-D>I, B<-e> I, B<-F>I, B<-h>, B<-i>[I], B<-I>I, B<-l>[I], B<-m>[B<->]I, B<-M>[B<->]I, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>, @@ -962,182 +736,147 @@ PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port) =back -=head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions +=head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=back -=item Perl Functions by Category +=head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings -Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching, -Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data, -Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed -length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories, -Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related -to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process -groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and -object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess -communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network -info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted -in perl5 +=over 4 -=item Portability +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions +=over 4 -I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept -NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, -binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, -bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, -chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, -chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE, -connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, -dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete -EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump, -each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, -exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl -FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, -fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, -getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam -NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname -NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr -ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, -getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, -getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent -STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, -endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, -getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, -goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, -import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl -FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, -last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, -link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, -lock, log EXPR, log, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK -LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl -ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd -ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module -LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open -FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, pack -TEMPLATE,LIST, package, package NAMESPACE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop -ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, -printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, -push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, -quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read -FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir -DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv -SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename -OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset, -return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex -STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar -EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select -FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl -ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send -SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority -WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY, -shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, -shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep -EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair -SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST, -sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, -splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split -/PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, -sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, -study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr -EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr -EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen -FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread -FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek -FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite -FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, -syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie -VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate -FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, -ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack -TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST, -use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST, -values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn -LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y/// +=item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings + +=item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W> + +=item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line + +B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X> + +=item Backward Compatibility + +=item Category Hierarchy + +=item Fatal Warnings + +=item Reporting Warnings from a Module =back +=item TODO + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + =back -=head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl +=head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=item Open E la shell +=item use strict -=over +=item Looking at data and -w and w -=item Simple Opens +=item help -=item Pipe Opens +=item Stepping through code -=item The Minus File +=item Placeholder for a, w, t, T -=item Mixing Reads and Writes +=item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS -=item Filters +=item OUTPUT TIPS -=back +=item CGI -=item Open E la C +=item GUIs -=over +=item SUMMARY -=item Permissions E la mode +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=item CONTRIBUTORS =back -=item Obscure Open Tricks +=head2 perldebug - Perl debugging -=over +=over 4 -=item Re-Opening Files (dups) +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Dispelling the Dweomer +=item The Perl Debugger -=item Paths as Opens +=over 4 -=item Single Argument Open +=item Debugger Commands -=item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT +h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n +[expr], r, , c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, +-, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr, +b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname +[condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line] +command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O +option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >> +command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! +cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man [manpage] -=back +=item Configurable Options -=item Other I/O Issues +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C -=over +=item Debugger input/output -=item Opening Non-File Files +Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame +listing -=item Binary Files +=item Debugging compile-time statements -=item File Locking +=item Debugger Customization + +=item Readline Support + +=item Editor Support for Debugging + +=item The Perl Profiler =back -=item SEE ALSO +=item Debugging regular expressions -=item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT +=item Debugging memory usage -=item HISTORY +=item SEE ALSO + +=item BUGS =back =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item Predefined Names @@ -1181,500 +920,507 @@ ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC, =back -=head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines - -=over +=head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl -=item SYNOPSIS +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 -=item Private Variables via my() +=item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays -=item Persistent Private Variables +=item Growing Your Own -=item Temporary Values via local() +=item Access and Printing -=item Lvalue subroutines +=item Slices -=item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs) +=back -=item When to Still Use local() +=item SEE ALSO -1. You need to give a global variable a temporary value, especially $_, 2. -You need to create a local file or directory handle or a local function, 3. -You want to temporarily change just one element of an array or hash +=item AUTHOR -=item Pass by Reference +=back -=item Prototypes +=head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl -=item Constant Functions +=over 4 -=item Overriding Built-in Functions +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Autoloading +=item Open E la shell -=item Subroutine Attributes +=over 4 -=back +=item Simple Opens -=item SEE ALSO +=item Pipe Opens + +=item The Minus File + +=item Mixing Reads and Writes + +=item Filters =back -=head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables) +=item Open E la C -=over +=over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Permissions E la mode -=over +=back -=item Packages +=item Obscure Open Tricks -=item Symbol Tables +=over 4 -=item Package Constructors and Destructors +=item Re-Opening Files (dups) -=item Perl Classes +=item Dispelling the Dweomer -=item Perl Modules +=item Paths as Opens -=back +=item Single Argument Open -=item SEE ALSO +=item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT =back -=head2 perlpod - plain old documentation +=item Other I/O Issues + +=over 4 + +=item Opening Non-File Files + +=item Binary Files + +=item File Locking + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO -=over +=item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT + +=item HISTORY + +=back + +=head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial + +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=item Part 1: The basics -=item Verbatim Paragraph +=over 4 -=item Command Paragraph +=item Simple word matching -=item Ordinary Block of Text +=item Using character classes -=item The Intent +=item Matching this or that -=item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules +=item Grouping things and hierarchical matching -=item Common Pod Pitfalls +=item Extracting matches + +=item Matching repetitions + +=item Building a regexp + +=item Using regular expressions in Perl =back -=item SEE ALSO +=item Part 2: Power tools -=item AUTHOR +=over 4 + +=item More on characters, strings, and character classes + +=item Compiling and saving regular expressions + +=item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression + +=item Non-capturing groupings + +=item Looking ahead and looking behind + +=item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking + +=item Conditional expressions + +=item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression + +=item Pragmas and debugging =back -=head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide +=item BUGS -=over +=item SEE ALSO -=item DESCRIPTION +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=over 4 + +=item Acknowledgments =back -=head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones +=back + +=head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY +i, m, s, x -=over +=over 4 -=item Pragmatic Modules +=item Regular Expressions -attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, -diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, locale, open, ops, overload, -re, sigtrap, strict, subs, utf8, vars, warnings +cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit -=item Standard Modules +=item Extended Patterns -AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, -B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, -B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, -CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, -CGI::Switch, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, -Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, -English, Env, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, -ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, -ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, -ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, -ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, -ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree, -File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path, -File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, -File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, -File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, -I18N::Collate, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, -Math::Complex, Math::Trig, NDBM_File, Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent, -Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, -Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseUtils, -Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, -Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, -SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, -Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, -Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Wrap, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, -Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, -Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, -User::pwent +C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>, +C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?, C<(?{ +code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>, +C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)> -=item Extension Modules +=item Backtracking + +=item Version 8 Regular Expressions + +=item Warning on \1 vs $1 + +=item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring + +=item Combining pieces together + +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>, +C<(?!S)>, C<(?, C<(??{ EXPR })>, +C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)> + +=item Creating custom RE engines =back -=item CPAN +=item BUGS -Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating -System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess -Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces, -User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages, -File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String -Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option, -Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing, -Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption, -World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities, -Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, -and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and -exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities, -Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Central America, Europe, -North America, South America +=item SEE ALSO -=item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse +=back -=over +=head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures -=item Guidelines for Module Creation +=over 4 -Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new -module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select -what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?, -README and other Additional Files, A description of the -module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites -- what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to -Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release, -especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in -the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a -version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take -care when changing a released module +=item NOTE -=item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules +=item DESCRIPTION -There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications, -Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started, -Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from ' -to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes +=over 4 -=item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code +=item Making References + +=item Using References + +=item Symbolic references -Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many -applications contain some Perl code that could be reused, Break-out the -reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity -to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application' -can then be reduced to a small +=item Not-so-symbolic references + +=item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash + +=item Function Templates =back -=item NOTE +=item WARNING + +=item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules +=head2 perlform - Perl formats -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over - -=item PREAMBLE +=over 4 -B the file, B the file into a directory, B the -module (sometimes unnecessary), B the module +=item Format Variables =back -=item HEY +=item NOTES -=item AUTHOR +=over 4 -=item COPYRIGHT +=item Footers + +=item Accessing Formatting Internals =back -=head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution +=item WARNINGS -=over +=back + +=head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial + +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 -=item Warning +=item If we could talk to the animals... -=item What should I make into a module? +=item Introducing the method invocation arrow -=item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground +=item Invoking a barnyard -Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again +=item The extra parameter of method invocation -=item Step-by-step: Making the module +=item Calling a second method to simplify things -Start with F, Use L and L, Use -L, Use L - wisely!, Use L, Write tests, Write the README +=item Inheriting the windpipes -=item Step-by-step: Distributing your module +=item A few notes about @ISA -Get a CPAN user ID, C, Upload the -tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs! +=item Overriding the methods -=back +=item Starting the search from a different place -=item AUTHOR +=item The SUPER way of doing things -=item SEE ALSO +=item Where we're at so far... -=back +=item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it? -=head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary +=item Invoking an instance method -=over +=item Accessing the instance data -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How to build a horse -=over +=item Inheriting the constructor -=item Awk Traps +=item Making a method work with either classes or instances -=item C Traps +=item Adding parameters to a method -=item Sed Traps +=item More interesting instances -=item Shell Traps +=item A horse of a different color -=item Perl Traps +=item Summary -=item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps +=back -Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical -Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts, -Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc, -Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps +=item SEE ALSO -=item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps +=item COPYRIGHT -Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, -Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, -Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance +=back -=item Parsing Traps +=head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl -Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing +=over 4 -=item Numerical Traps +=item DESCRIPTION -Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops +=item Creating a Class -=item General data type traps +=over 4 -(Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String), -(Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide) +=item Object Representation -=item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts +=item Class Interface -(list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin) +=item Constructors and Instance Methods -=item Precedence Traps +=item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors -Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, -Precedence +=item Destructors -=item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc. +=item Other Object Methods -Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular -Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, -Regular Expression +=back -=item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps +=item Class Data -(Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle +=over 4 -=item OS Traps +=item Accessing Class Data -(SysV), (SysV) +=item Debugging Methods -=item Interpolation Traps +=item Class Destructors -Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, -Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation +=item Documenting the Interface -=item DBM Traps +=back -DBM, DBM +=item Aggregation -=item Unclassified Traps +=item Inheritance -C/C trap using returned value, C on empty string with -LIMIT specified +=over 4 + +=item Overridden Methods + +=item Multiple Inheritance + +=item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects =back +=item Alternate Object Representations + +=over 4 + +=item Arrays as Objects + +=item Closures as Objects + =back -=head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl +=item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods -=over +=over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Autoloaded Data Methods -Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I -portable +=item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods -=item ISSUES +=back -=over +=item Metaclassical Tools -=item Newlines +=over 4 -=item Numbers endianness and Width +=item Class::Struct -=item Files and Filesystems +=item Data Members as Variables -=item System Interaction +=back -=item Interprocess Communication (IPC) +=item NOTES -=item External Subroutines (XS) +=over 4 -=item Standard Modules +=item Object Terminology -=item Time and Date +=back -=item Character sets and character encoding +=item SEE ALSO -=item Internationalisation +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=item System Resources +=item COPYRIGHT -=item Security +=over 4 -=item Style +=item Acknowledgments =back -=item CPAN Testers +=back -Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results: -http://testers.cpan.org/ +=head2 perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl -=item PLATFORMS +=over 4 -=over +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Unix +=item Class Data in a Can -=item DOS and Derivatives +=item Class Data as Package Variables -Build instructions for OS/2, L +=over 4 -=item S +=item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket -=item VMS +=item Inheritance Concerns -=item VOS +=item The Eponymous Meta-Object -=item EBCDIC Platforms +=item Indirect References to Class Data -=item Acorn RISC OS +=item Monadic Classes -=item Other perls +=item Translucent Attributes =back -=item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS +=item Class Data as Lexical Variables -=over +=over 4 -=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions +=item Privacy and Responsibility --I FILEHANDLE, -I EXPR, -I, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode -FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt -PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec -LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, -getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, -getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr -ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, -getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, -setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, -setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, -endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, -ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, -lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, -msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, -open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, -select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget -KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP, -setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt -SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, -shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, socketpair -SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, -symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen -FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate -FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST, -wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS +=item File-Scoped Lexicals -=back +=item More Inheritance Concerns -=item CHANGES +=item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key -v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999, -v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May -1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December -1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August -1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, -v1.23, 10 July 1998 +=item Translucency Revisited -=item Supported Platforms +=back + +=item NOTES =item SEE ALSO -=item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=item VERSION +=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS + +=item HISTORY =back -=head2 perlsec - Perl security +=head2 perlobj - Perl objects -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 -=item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data +=item An Object is Simply a Reference -=item Switches On the "#!" Line +=item A Class is Simply a Package -=item Cleaning Up Your Path +=item A Method is Simply a Subroutine -=item Security Bugs +=item Method Invocation + +=item WARNING + +=item Default UNIVERSAL methods + +isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ) + +=item Destructors + +=item Summary -=item Protecting Your Programs +=item Two-Phased Garbage Collection =back @@ -1682,824 +1428,907 @@ v1.23, 10 July 1998 =back -=head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures - -=over +=head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT) -=item NOTE +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=item OO SCALING TIPS -=item Making References +=item INSTANCE VARIABLES -=item Using References +=item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES -=item Symbolic references +=item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE -=item Not-so-symbolic references +=item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS -=item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash +=item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS -=item Function Templates +=item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM -=back +=item THINKING OF CODE REUSE -=item WARNING +=item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT -=item SEE ALSO +=item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR -=back +=item DELEGATION -=head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions +=back -=over +=head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable -=item DESCRIPTION +=over 4 -i, m, s, x +=item SYNOPSIS -=over +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Regular Expressions +=over 4 -cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit +=item Tying Scalars -=item Extended Patterns +TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this, +DESTROY this -C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>, -C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?, C<(?{ -code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>, -C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)> +=item Tying Arrays -=item Backtracking +TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value, +FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this, +key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this, +UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY +this -=item Version 8 Regular Expressions +=item Tying Hashes -=item Warning on \1 vs $1 +USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE +this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY +this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this -=item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring +=item Tying FileHandles -=item Combining pieces together +TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, +LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this, +DESTROY this -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>, -C<(?!S)>, C<(?, C<(??{ EXPR })>, -C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)> +=item UNTIE this -=item Creating custom RE engines +=item The C Gotcha =back +=item SEE ALSO + =item BUGS -=item SEE ALSO +=item AUTHOR =back -=head2 perlform - Perl formats +=head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, +safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores) -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=item Signals -=item Format Variables +=item Named Pipes -=back +=over 4 -=item NOTES +=item WARNING -=over +=back -=item Footers +=item Using open() for IPC -=item Accessing Formatting Internals +=over 4 -=back +=item Filehandles -=item WARNINGS +=item Background Processes -=back +=item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent -=head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and -localization) +=item Safe Pipe Opens -=over +=item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself -=item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES +=back -=item USING LOCALES +=item Sockets: Client/Server Communication -=over +=over 4 -=item The use locale pragma +=item Internet Line Terminators -=item The setlocale function +=item Internet TCP Clients and Servers -=item Finding locales +=item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers -=item LOCALE PROBLEMS +=back -=item Temporarily fixing locale problems +=item TCP Clients with IO::Socket -=item Permanently fixing locale problems +=over 4 -=item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration +=item A Simple Client -=item Fixing system locale configuration +C, C, C -=item The localeconv function +=item A Webget Client + +=item Interactive Client with IO::Socket =back -=item LOCALE CATEGORIES +=item TCP Servers with IO::Socket -=over +Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse -=item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation +=item UDP: Message Passing -=item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types +=item SysV IPC -=item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting +=item NOTES -=item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts +=item BUGS -=item LC_TIME +=item AUTHOR -=item Other categories +=item SEE ALSO =back -=item SECURITY - -B (C, C, C, C and C):, -B (with C<\l>, C<\L>, C<\u> or C<\U>), -B (C):, B (C):, -B (printf() and write()):, B (lc(), lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, B (localeconv(), strcoll(), strftime(), strxfrm()):, B (isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(), isgraph(), -islower(), isprint(), ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(), isxdigit()): +=head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation -=item ENVIRONMENT +=over 4 -PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, -LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG +=item SYNOPSIS -=item NOTES +=item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 -=item Backward compatibility +=item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes -=item I18N:Collate obsolete +$$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept +filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to +files, directories and network sockets -=item Sort speed and memory use impacts +=item Resource limits -=item write() and LC_NUMERIC +=item Killing the parent process -=item Freely available locale definitions +=item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes -=item I18n and l10n +=item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS -=item An imperfect standard +BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented, +Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger +application, Thread-safety of extensions =back =item BUGS -=over - -=item Broken systems - -=back +=item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO -=item HISTORY - =back -=head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl - -=over - -=item DESCRIPTION +=head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl -=over +=over 4 -=item Important Caveat +=item SYNOPSIS -Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C still needed -to enable a few features +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Byte and Character semantics +=item Storing numbers -=item Effects of character semantics +=item Numeric operators and numeric conversions -=item Character encodings for input and output +=item Flavors of Perl numeric operations -=back +Arithmetic operators except, C, Arithmetic operators except, +C, Bitwise operators, C, Bitwise operators, C, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a +string -=item CAVEATS +=item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial +=head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over - -=item If we could talk to the animals... - -=item Introducing the method invocation arrow +=item What Is A Thread Anyway? -=item Invoking a barnyard +=item Threaded Program Models -=item The extra parameter of method invocation +=over 4 -=item Calling a second method to simplify things +=item Boss/Worker -=item Inheriting the windpipes +=item Work Crew -=item A few notes about @ISA +=item Pipeline -=item Overriding the methods +=back -=item Starting the search from a different place +=item Native threads -=item The SUPER way of doing things +=item What kind of threads are perl threads? -=item Where we're at so far... +=item Threadsafe Modules -=item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it? +=item Thread Basics -=item Invoking an instance method +=over 4 -=item Accessing the instance data +=item Basic Thread Support -=item How to build a horse +=item Creating Threads -=item Inheriting the constructor +=item Giving up control -=item Making a method work with either classes or instances +=item Waiting For A Thread To Exit -=item Adding parameters to a method +=item Errors In Threads -=item More interesting instances +=item Ignoring A Thread -=item A horse of a different color +=back -=item Summary +=item Threads And Data -=back +=over 4 -=item SEE ALSO +=item Shared And Unshared Data -=item COPYRIGHT +=item Thread Pitfall: Races -=back +=item Controlling access: lock() -=head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl +=item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks -=over +=item Queues: Passing Data Around -=item DESCRIPTION +=back -=item Creating a Class +=item Threads And Code -=over +=over 4 -=item Object Representation +=item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access -=item Class Interface +Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores -=item Constructors and Instance Methods +=item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines -=item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors +=item Subroutine Locks -=item Destructors +=item Methods -=item Other Object Methods +=item Locking A Subroutine =back -=item Class Data +=item General Thread Utility Routines -=over +=over 4 -=item Accessing Class Data +=item What Thread Am I In? -=item Debugging Methods +=item Thread IDs -=item Class Destructors +=item Are These Threads The Same? -=item Documenting the Interface +=item What Threads Are Running? =back -=item Aggregation +=item A Complete Example -=item Inheritance +=item Conclusion -=over +=item Bibliography -=item Overridden Methods +=over 4 -=item Multiple Inheritance +=item Introductory Texts -=item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects +=item OS-Related References -=back +=item Other References -=item Alternate Object Representations +=back -=over +=item Acknowledgements -=item Arrays as Objects +=item AUTHOR -=item Closures as Objects +=item Copyrights =back -=item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods +=head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl -=over +=over 4 -=item Autoloaded Data Methods +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods +Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I +portable -=back +=item ISSUES -=item Metaclassical Tools +=over 4 -=over +=item Newlines -=item Class::Struct +=item Numbers endianness and Width -=item Data Members as Variables +=item Files and Filesystems -=item NOTES +=item System Interaction -=item Object Terminology +=item Interprocess Communication (IPC) -=back +=item External Subroutines (XS) -=item SEE ALSO +=item Standard Modules -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item Time and Date -=item COPYRIGHT +=item Character sets and character encoding -=over +=item Internationalisation -=item Acknowledgments +=item System Resources -=back +=item Security + +=item Style =back -=head2 perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl +=item CPAN Testers + +Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results: +http://testers.cpan.org/ -=over +=item PLATFORMS -=item DESCRIPTION +=over 4 -=item Class Data as Package Variables +=item Unix -=over +=item DOS and Derivatives -=item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket +=item S -=item Inheritance Concerns +=item VMS -=item The Eponymous Meta-Object +=item VOS -=item Indirect References to Class Data +=item EBCDIC Platforms -=item Monadic Classes +=item Acorn RISC OS -=item Translucent Attributes +=item Other perls =back -=item Class Data as Lexical Variables - -=over +=item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS -=item Privacy and Responsibility +=over 4 -=item File-Scoped Lexicals +=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions -=item More Inheritance Concerns +-I FILEHANDLE, -I EXPR, -I, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode +FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt +PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec +LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, +getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, +getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr +ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, +getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, +setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, +setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, +endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, +ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, +lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, +msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, +open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, +select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget +KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP, +setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt +SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, +shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET, +socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat +EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen +FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate +FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST, +wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS -=item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key +=back -=item Translucency Revisited +=item CHANGES -=back +v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999, +v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May +1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December +1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August +1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, +v1.23, 10 July 1998 -=item NOTES +=item Supported Platforms =item SEE ALSO -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT - -=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS +=item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS -=item HISTORY +=item VERSION =back -=head2 perlobj - Perl objects +=head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and +localization) -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES -=item An Object is Simply a Reference +=item USING LOCALES -=item A Class is Simply a Package +=over 4 -=item A Method is Simply a Subroutine +=item The use locale pragma -=item Method Invocation +=item The setlocale function -=item WARNING +=item Finding locales -=item Default UNIVERSAL methods +=item LOCALE PROBLEMS -isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ) +=item Temporarily fixing locale problems -=item Destructors +=item Permanently fixing locale problems -=item Summary +=item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration -=item Two-Phased Garbage Collection +=item Fixing system locale configuration + +=item The localeconv function =back -=item SEE ALSO +=item LOCALE CATEGORIES -=back +=over 4 -=head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT) +=item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation -=over +=item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting -=item OO SCALING TIPS +=item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts -=item INSTANCE VARIABLES +=item LC_TIME -=item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE +=item Other categories -=item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS +=back -=item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS +=item SECURITY -=item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM +=item ENVIRONMENT -=item THINKING OF CODE REUSE +PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, +LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG -=item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT +=item NOTES -=item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR +=over 4 -=item DELEGATION +=item Backward compatibility + +=item I18N:Collate obsolete + +=item Sort speed and memory use impacts + +=item write() and LC_NUMERIC + +=item Freely available locale definitions + +=item I18n and l10n + +=item An imperfect standard =back -=head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable +=item BUGS -=over +=over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Broken systems -=item DESCRIPTION +=back -=over +=item SEE ALSO -=item Tying Scalars +=item HISTORY -TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this +=back -=item Tying Arrays +=head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl -TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value, -DESTROY this +=over 4 -=item Tying Hashes +=item DESCRIPTION -USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE -this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY -this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this +=over 4 -=item Tying FileHandles +=item Important Caveats -TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, -LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, DESTROY this +Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C still needed +to enable a few features -=item The C Gotcha +=item Byte and Character semantics -=back +=item Effects of character semantics -=item SEE ALSO +=item Character encodings for input and output -=item BUGS +=back -=item AUTHOR +=item CAVEATS + +=item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, -safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores) +=head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=item Signals +=item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS -=item Named Pipes +=over 4 -=over +=item ASCII -=item WARNING +=item ISO 8859 -=back +=item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1) -=item Using open() for IPC +=item EBCDIC -=over +=item 13 variant characters -=item Filehandles +=item 0037 -=item Background Processes +=item 1047 -=item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent +=item POSIX-BC -=item Safe Pipe Opens +=back -=item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process +=item SINGLE OCTET TABLES -=item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself +recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4 -=back +=item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS -=item Sockets: Client/Server Communication +=item CONVERSIONS -=over +=over 4 -=item Internet Line Terminators +=item tr/// -=item Internet TCP Clients and Servers +=item iconv -=item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers +=item C RTL =back -=item TCP Clients with IO::Socket +=item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES -=over +=item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES -=item A Simple Client +chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack() -C, C, C +=item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES + +=item SOCKETS + +=item SORTING + +=over 4 -=item A Webget Client +=item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences. -=item Interactive Client with IO::Socket +=item MONO CASE then sort data. -=back +=item Convert, sort data, then re convert. -=item TCP Servers with IO::Socket +=item Perform sorting on one type of machine only. -Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse +=back -=item UDP: Message Passing +=item TRANFORMATION FORMATS -=item SysV IPC +=over 4 -=item NOTES +=item URL decoding and encoding -=item BUGS +=item uu encoding and decoding -=item AUTHOR +=item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding -=item SEE ALSO +=item Caesarian cyphers =back -=head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl +=item Hashing order and checksums -=over +=item I18N AND L10N -=item SYNOPSIS +=item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS -=item DESCRIPTION +=item OS ISSUES -=item Storing numbers +=over 4 -=item Numeric operators and numeric conversions +=item OS/400 -=item Flavors of Perl numeric operations +IFS access -Arithmetic operators except, C, Arithmetic operators except, -C, Bitwise operators, C, Bitwise operators, C, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a -string +=item OS/390 -=item AUTHOR +chcp, dataset access, OS/390 iconv, locales -=item SEE ALSO +=item VM/ESA? + +=item POSIX-BC? =back -=head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation +=item BUGS -=over +=item SEE ALSO -=item SYNOPSIS +=item REFERENCES -=item DESCRIPTION +=item AUTHOR -=over +=back -=item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes +=head2 perlsec - Perl security -$$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept -filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to -files, directories and network sockets +=over 4 -=item Resource limits +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Killing the parent process +=over 4 -=item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes +=item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data -=item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS +=item Switches On the "#!" Line -BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented, -Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger -application, Thread-safety of extensions +=item Cleaning Up Your Path -=back +=item Security Bugs -=item BUGS +=item Protecting Your Programs -=item AUTHOR +=back =item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl +=head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables) -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=item What Is A Thread Anyway? +=over 4 -=item Threaded Program Models +=item Packages -=over +=item Symbol Tables -=item Boss/Worker +=item Package Constructors and Destructors -=item Work Crew +=item Perl Classes -=item Pipeline +=item Perl Modules =back -=item Native threads +=item SEE ALSO -=item What kind of threads are perl threads? +=back -=item Threadsafe Modules +=head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones -=item Thread Basics +=over 4 -=over +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Basic Thread Support +=item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY -=item Creating Threads +=over 4 -=item Giving up control +=item Pragmatic Modules -=item Waiting For A Thread To Exit +attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, +diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, locale, open, ops, overload, +perlio, re, sigtrap, strict, subs, utf8, vars, warnings, warnings::register -=item Errors In Threads +=item Standard Modules -=item Ignoring A Thread +AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, +B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, +B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, +ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, +CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, +Carp, Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, DirHandle, +Dumpvalue, Encode, English, Env, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, +ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, +ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, +ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32, +ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, +ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, +File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, +File::Find, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Epoc, +File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, +File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, +FileHandle, Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, +I18N::Collate, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, +Math::Complex, Math::Trig, NDBM_File, Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent, +Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, +Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseUtils, +Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, +Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, +SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, +Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, +Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Wrap, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, +Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, +Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, +User::pwent + +=item Extension Modules =back -=item Threads And Data +=item CPAN -=over +Africa, Asia, Australasia, Central America, Europe, North America, South +America -=item Shared And Unshared Data +=item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse -=item Thread Pitfall: Races +=over 4 -=item Controlling access: lock() +=item Guidelines for Module Creation -=item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks +Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new +module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select +what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?, +README and other Additional Files, A description of the +module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites +- what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to +Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release, +especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in +the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a +version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take +care when changing a released module -=item Queues: Passing Data Around +=item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules -=back +There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications, +Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started, +Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from ' +to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes -=item Threads And Code +=item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code -=over +=back -=item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access +=item NOTE -Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores +=back -=item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines +=head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules -=item Subroutine Locks +=over 4 -=item Methods +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Locking A Subroutine +=over 4 -=back +=item PREAMBLE -=item General Thread Utility Routines +B the file, B the file into a directory, B the +module (sometimes unnecessary), B the module -=over +=back -=item What Thread Am I In? +=item PORTABILITY -=item Thread IDs +=item HEY -=item Are These Threads The Same? +=item AUTHOR -=item What Threads Are Running? +=item COPYRIGHT =back -=item A Complete Example +=head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution -=item Conclusion +=over 4 -=item Bibliography +=item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 -=item Introductory Texts +=item Warning -=item OS-Related References +=item What should I make into a module? -=item Other References +=item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground -=back +Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again -=item Acknowledgements +=item Step-by-step: Making the module -=item AUTHOR +Start with F, Use L and L, Use +L, Use L - wisely!, Use L, Write tests, Write the README -=item Copyrights +=item Step-by-step: Distributing your module -=back +Get a CPAN user ID, C, Upload the +tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs! -=head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics +=back -=over +=item AUTHOR -=item DESCRIPTION +=item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $) -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item What is Perl? @@ -2531,7 +2360,7 @@ Scheme, or Tcl? =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms? =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version -(5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language)? +5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language? =back @@ -2542,11 +2371,11 @@ Scheme, or Tcl? =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.32 $, $Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09 $) -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it? @@ -2598,11 +2427,11 @@ References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $) -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item How do I do (anything)? @@ -2663,7 +2492,7 @@ References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp] =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in -my C program, what am I doing wrong? +my C program; what am I doing wrong? =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean? @@ -2679,13 +2508,13 @@ mean? =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 20:37:49 $) -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Data: Numbers -=over +=over 4 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)? @@ -2711,7 +2540,7 @@ Trig functions? =item Data: Dates -=over +=over 4 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year? @@ -2731,7 +2560,7 @@ Trig functions? =item Data: Strings -=over +=over 4 =item How do I validate input? @@ -2783,7 +2612,7 @@ the tag =item Data: Arrays -=over +=over 4 =item What is the difference between a list and an array? @@ -2791,11 +2620,7 @@ the tag =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array? -a) If @in is sorted, and you want @out to be sorted: (this assumes all true -values in the array), b) If you don't know whether @in is sorted:, c) Like -(b), but @in contains only small integers:, d) A way to do (b) without any -loops or greps:, e) Like (d), but @in contains only small positive -integers: +a), b), c), d), e) =item How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain element? @@ -2828,7 +2653,7 @@ intersection of two arrays? =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays) -=over +=over 4 =item How do I process an entire hash? @@ -2867,7 +2692,7 @@ array of hashes or arrays? =item Data: Misc -=over +=over 4 =item How do I handle binary data correctly? @@ -2892,11 +2717,11 @@ array of hashes or arrays? =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $) -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this? @@ -2981,11 +2806,11 @@ protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl? =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $) -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible and unmaintainable code? @@ -2999,7 +2824,7 @@ different lines? =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong? -=item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS, but preserving +=item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving case on the RHS? =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets? @@ -3017,7 +2842,7 @@ file? =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it? -=item How do I process each word on each line? +=item How do I process each word on each line? =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary? @@ -3048,11 +2873,11 @@ file? =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 20:36:18 $) -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language? @@ -3127,11 +2952,11 @@ is in scope? =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.39 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 18:37:57 $) -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under? @@ -3175,7 +3000,7 @@ STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling) -=item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What +=item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean? =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl? @@ -3219,8 +3044,6 @@ complete? =item How do I fork a daemon process? -=item How do I make my program run with sh and csh? - =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not? =item How do I timeout a slow event? @@ -3257,13 +3080,13 @@ search path? =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.26 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $) -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 -=item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500 +=item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500 Server Error) =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program? @@ -3304,6 +3127,8 @@ CGI script to do bad things? =item How do I send mail? +=item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message? + =item How do I read mail? =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address? @@ -3322,11 +3147,11 @@ CGI script to do bad things? =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item Layout @@ -3336,7 +3161,7 @@ B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref =item Using The Back Ends -=over +=over 4 =item The Cross Referencing Back End @@ -3366,11 +3191,11 @@ B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item PREAMBLE @@ -3400,7 +3225,7 @@ program =back -=item Embedding Perl under Windows +=item Embedding Perl under Win32 =item MORAL @@ -3412,13 +3237,13 @@ program =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Debugger Internals -=over +=over 4 =item Writing Your Own Debugger @@ -3428,7 +3253,7 @@ program =item Debugging regular expressions -=over +=over 4 =item Compile-time output @@ -3445,7 +3270,7 @@ C =item Debugging Perl memory usage -=over +=over 4 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}> @@ -3471,13 +3296,13 @@ C, C, C =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item SPECIAL NOTES -=over +=over 4 =item make @@ -3489,7 +3314,7 @@ C, C, C =item TUTORIAL -=over +=over 4 =item EXAMPLE 1 @@ -3551,7 +3376,7 @@ C, C, C =item Author -=over +=over 4 =item Last Changed @@ -3561,11 +3386,11 @@ C, C, C =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item Introduction @@ -3585,6 +3410,8 @@ C, C, C =item The OUTPUT: Keyword +=item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword + =item The CODE: Keyword =item The INIT: Keyword @@ -3601,6 +3428,8 @@ C, C, C =item The INPUT: Keyword +=item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords + =item Variable-length Parameter Lists =item The C_ARGS: Keyword @@ -3613,6 +3442,8 @@ C, C, C =item The CLEANUP: Keyword +=item The POST_CALL: Keyword + =item The BOOT: Keyword =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword @@ -3633,7 +3464,7 @@ C, C, C =item The & Unary Operator -=item Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives +=item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives =item Using XS With C++ @@ -3653,15 +3484,47 @@ C, C, C =back +=head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Conventions + +C, C

, C, C + +=item File Operations + +=item File Input and Output + +=item File Positioning + +=item Memory Management and String Handling + +=item Character Class Tests + +=item F functions + +=item Miscellaneous functions + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Variables -=over +=over 4 =item Datatypes @@ -3669,6 +3532,8 @@ C, C, C =item Working with SVs +=item Offsets + =item What's Really Stored in an SV? =item Working with AVs @@ -3702,20 +3567,21 @@ C, C, C =item Localizing changes C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, +C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, +C, C, C =back =item Subroutines -=over +=over 4 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack @@ -3735,7 +3601,7 @@ C =item Compiled code -=over +=over 4 =item Code tree @@ -3751,18 +3617,56 @@ C =back +=item Examining internal data structures with the C functions + =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported -=over +=over 4 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT +=item So what happened to dTHR? + =item How do I use all this in extensions? +=item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads? + =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS =back +=item Internal Functions + +A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x + +=over 4 + +=item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs + +=item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer + +=item Source Documentation + +=back + +=item Unicode Support + +=over 4 + +=item What B Unicode, anyway? + +=item How can I recognise a UTF8 string? + +=item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters? + +=item How does Perl store UTF8 strings? + +=item How do I convert a string to UTF8? + +=item Is there anything else I need to know? + +=back + =item AUTHORS =item SEE ALSO @@ -3771,7 +3675,7 @@ C =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION @@ -3783,7 +3687,7 @@ call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv =item FLAG VALUES -=over +=over 4 =item G_VOID @@ -3807,7 +3711,7 @@ call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv =item EXAMPLES -=over +=over 4 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned @@ -3857,11 +3761,11 @@ callback =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item DOCUMENTATION @@ -3887,7 +3791,7 @@ L, L, L =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION @@ -3919,7 +3823,7 @@ B =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -3928,7 +3832,7 @@ B B, B, B, B -=over +=over 4 =item The Filter @@ -3946,54 +3850,61 @@ B =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -AvFILL, av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, -av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, -call_method, call_pv, call_sv, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, dMARK, -dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND, -fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, get_av, get_cv, get_hv, get_sv, GIMME, -GIMME_V, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, -gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, -G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, -HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, -hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, -hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, -hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, -isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, +AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill, +av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, +bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, +CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, cv_const_sv, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, +dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND, fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, +get_av, get_cv, get_hv, get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, +gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY, +G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, +HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, +hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, +hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, +hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, +isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, items, +ix, LEAVE, load_module, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, New, newAV, Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv, -newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv, newXS, newXSproto, -Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, -perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, -PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_modglobal, PL_na, -PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, POPs, PUSHi, -PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, require_pv, -RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, -strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, -SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, -SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvLOCK, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, +newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv, +newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK, +perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, +PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn, +POPp, POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, +PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, require_pv, RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn, +SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, +strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, +SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, +SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, -SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPV, SvPVX, SvPV_force, SvPV_nolen, -SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, -SvSETMAGIC, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, -SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, -SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUNLOCK, SvUPGRADE, SvUV, -SvUVX, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, -sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_cmp, sv_dec, -sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, -sv_len, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, -sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, -sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, -sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, -sv_setuv_mg, sv_unref, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_vcatpvfn, -sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, U8 *s, utf8_to_bytes, warn, XPUSHi, -XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, -XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, -XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, -XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero +SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVX, SvPV_force, +SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, +SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, +SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, svtype, SVt_IV, +SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE, +SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv, +sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, +sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_dec, +sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, +sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, +sv_newmortal, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace, +sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, +sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn, +sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, +sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, +sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, +sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, +sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, +utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length, +utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8, +warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, +XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, +XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, +XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero =item AUTHORS @@ -4001,14 +3912,15 @@ XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero =back -=head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B +=head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B Perl functions -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -is_gv_magical +djSP, is_gv_magical, LVRET, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, +PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs, start_glob =item AUTHORS @@ -4016,35 +3928,105 @@ is_gv_magical =back +=head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers. + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item History and Background + +=item Layers vs Disciplines + +=item Data Structures + +1. The functions and attributes of the "layer class", 2. The per-instance +data for a particular handle + +=item Functions and Attributes + +=item Per-instance Data + +=item Layers in action. + +=item Per-instance flag bits + +PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR, +PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8, +PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF, +PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS + +=item Methods in Detail + + IV (*Pushed)(PerlIO *f,const char *mode, SV *arg);, IV + (*Popped)(PerlIO *f);, PerlIO * (*Open)(...);, SV * +(*Getarg)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Fileno)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t +(*Read)(PerlIO *f, void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Unread)(PerlIO +*f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Write)(PerlIO *f, const +void *vbuf, Size_t count);, IV (*Seek)(PerlIO *f, Off_t +offset, int whence);, Off_t (*Tell)(PerlIO *f);, IV + (*Close)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Flush)(PerlIO *f);, IV + (*Fill)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Eof)(PerlIO *f);, IV + (*Error)(PerlIO *f);, void (*Clearerr)(PerlIO *f);, void + (*Setlinebuf)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR * (*Get_base)(PerlIO *f);, +Size_t (*Get_bufsiz)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR * +(*Get_ptr)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t (*Get_cnt)(PerlIO *f);, void + (*Set_ptrcnt)(PerlIO *f,STDCHAR *ptr,SSize_t cnt); + +=item Core Layers + +"unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8" + +=item Extension Layers + +":encoding", ":Scalar", ":Object" or ":Perl" + +=back + +=back + =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface. -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -B, B, B, B, -B, B, +1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, B, B, B, B, B, B, B, B, B, B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B -=over +=over 4 =item Co-existence with stdio B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B +B, B + +=item "Fast gets" Functions + +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B + +=item Other Functions + +PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers), +'E' read, 'E' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...) =back @@ -4052,13 +4034,13 @@ B, B =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Infrastructure -=over +=over 4 =item Mailing list archives @@ -4073,7 +4055,7 @@ perl5 =item Configure -=over +=over 4 =item Install HTML @@ -4081,9 +4063,7 @@ perl5 =item Perl Language -=over - -=item our ($var) +=over 4 =item 64-bit Perl @@ -4095,7 +4075,7 @@ Named prototypes, Indirect objects, Method calls, Context, Scoped subs =item Perl Internals -=over +=over 4 =item magic_setisa @@ -4124,7 +4104,7 @@ sighandler, Add tests for Thread::Signal, Automatic tests against CPAN =item Documentation -=over +=over 4 =item A clear division into tutorial and reference @@ -4156,7 +4136,7 @@ Regular expressions, I/O, pack/unpack, Debugging =item Modules -=over +=over 4 =item Update the POSIX extension to conform with the POSIX 1003.1 Edition 2 @@ -4194,8 +4174,6 @@ VecArray, SubstrArray, VirtualArray, ShiftSplice =item Update semibroken auxiliary tools; h2ph, a2p, etc. -=item POD Converters - =item pod2html =item Podchecker @@ -4204,7 +4182,7 @@ VecArray, SubstrArray, VirtualArray, ShiftSplice =item Tom's Wishes -=over +=over 4 =item Webperl @@ -4218,7 +4196,7 @@ VecArray, SubstrArray, VirtualArray, ShiftSplice =item Win32 Stuff -=over +=over 4 =item Rename new headers to be consistent with the rest @@ -4240,7 +4218,7 @@ debugger, lvalue functions =item Possible pragmas -=over +=over 4 =item 'less' @@ -4248,7 +4226,7 @@ debugger, lvalue functions =item Optimizations -=over +=over 4 =item constant function cache @@ -4278,7 +4256,7 @@ threaded code, structured types, Modifiable $1 et al =item To Do Or Not To Do -=over +=over 4 =item Making my() work on "package" variables @@ -4292,7 +4270,7 @@ threaded code, structured types, Modifiable $1 et al =item Threading -=over +=over 4 =item Modules @@ -4314,7 +4292,7 @@ threaded code, structured types, Modifiable $1 et al =item Compiler -=over +=over 4 =item Optimization @@ -4340,7 +4318,7 @@ threaded code, structured types, Modifiable $1 et al =item Recently Finished Tasks -=over +=over 4 =item Figure a way out of $^(capital letter) @@ -4362,7 +4340,7 @@ threaded code, structured types, Modifiable $1 et al =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION @@ -4374,422 +4352,188 @@ the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words -=item AUTHOR - -=back - -=head2 perlhist - the Perl history records - -=over - -=item DESCRIPTION - -=item INTRODUCTION - -=item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN - -=over - -=item PUMPKIN? - -=back - -=item THE RECORDS - -=over - -=item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES - -=item SELECTED PATCH SIZES - -=back - -=item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS - -=back - -=head2 perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0 - -=over - -=item DESCRIPTION - -=item Core Enhancements - -=over - -=item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency - -=item Lexically scoped warning categories - -=item Unicode and UTF-8 support - -=item Support for interpolating named characters - -=item "our" declarations - -=item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals - -=item Improved Perl version numbering system - -=item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes - -=item File and directory handles can be autovivified - -=item open() with more than two arguments - -=item 64-bit support - -=item Large file support - -=item Long doubles - -=item "more bits" - -=item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines - -=item C allowed - -=item File globbing implemented internally - -Support for CHECK blocks - -=item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported - -Better pseudo-random number generator - -=item Improved C operator - -Better worst-case behavior of hashes - -=item pack() format 'Z' supported - -=item pack() format modifier '!' supported - -=item pack() and unpack() support counted strings - -=item Comments in pack() templates - -=item Weak references - -=item Binary numbers supported +=over 4 -=item Lvalue subroutines - -=item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references - -=item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues - -=item exists() is supported on subroutine names - -=item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements - -=item Pseudo-hashes work better - -=item Automatic flushing of output buffers - -=item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations - -=item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle +=item Keeping in sync -=item eof() has the same old magic as <> +rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the +NFS, rsync'ing the patches, It's easier, It's more recent, It's more +reliable, It's easier, It's a good reference, Finding a start point, +Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour -=item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes +=item Submitting patches -=item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text" +L, L and L, L, +F, The perl5-porters FAQ -=item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure +=item Finding Your Way Around -=item Improved diagnostics +Core modules, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter -=item Diagnostics follow STDERR +=item Elements of the interpreter -More consistent close-on-exec behavior +Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running -=item syswrite() ease-of-use +=item Internal Variable Types -=item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators +=item Op Trees -=item Bit operators support full native integer width +=item Stacks -=item Improved security features +Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack -More functional bareword prototype (*) +=item Millions of Macros -=item C and C may be overridden +=item Poking at Perl -=item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character +=item Using a source-level debugger -=item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch +run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue, +finish, 'enter', print -=item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string +=item Dumping Perl Data Structures -=item Optional Y2K warnings +=item Patching =back -=item Modules and Pragmata - -=over +=item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL -=item Modules +=over 4 -attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper, -DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English, -Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec, -File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt, -Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker, -podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage, -pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname, -Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters +=item Rational Software's Purify -=item Pragmata +=item Purify on Unix -=back +-Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity -=item Utility Changes +=item Purify on NT -=over +DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug -=item dprofpp +=item Compaq's/Digital's Third Degree -=item find2perl +=item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL -=item h2xs +=item Pixie Profiling -=item perlcc +-h, -l, -p, -h, -i, -l, -testcoverage, -zero -=item perldoc +=item CONCLUSION -=item The Perl Debugger +I =back -=item Improved Documentation - -perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod, -perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod, -perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod, -perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod - -=item Performance enhancements - -=over - -=item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized - -=item Optimized assignments to lexical variables - -=item Faster subroutine calls - -delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster +=item AUTHOR =back -=item Installation and Configuration Improvements - -=over - -=item -Dusethreads means something different - -=item New Configure flags - -=item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring - -=item Long Doubles +=head2 perlhist - the Perl history records -=item -Dusemorebits +=over 4 -=item -Duselargefiles +=item DESCRIPTION -=item installusrbinperl +=item INTRODUCTION -=item SOCKS support +=item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN -=item C<-A> flag +=over 4 -=item Enhanced Installation Directories +=item PUMPKIN? =back -=item Platform specific changes - -=over - -=item Supported platforms - -=item DOS +=item THE RECORDS -=item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS) +=over 4 -=item VMS +=item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES -=item Win32 +=item SELECTED PATCH SIZES =back -=item Significant bug fixes - -=over - -=item on empty files - -=item C improvements - -=item All compilation errors are true errors - -=item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer +=item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS -=item Behavior of list slices is more consistent +=back -=item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}> +=head2 perldelta - what's new for perl v5.7.0 -=item C and AUTOLOAD +=over 4 -=item C<-bareword> allowed under C +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Failures in DESTROY() +=item Security Vulnerability Closed -=item Locale bugs fixed +=item Incompatible Changes -=item Memory leaks +=item Core Enhancements -=item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls +=item Modules and Pragmata -=item Taint failures under C<-U> +=over 4 -=item END blocks and the C<-c> switch +=item New Modules -=item Potential to leak DATA filehandles +=item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata =back -=item New or Changed Diagnostics - -(perhaps you forgot to load "%s"?), "%s" variable %s masks earlier -declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet implemented, "our" variable %s -redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s, / cannot take a count, / must -be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow -a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, /%s/: -Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class passed through, /%s/ should -probably be written as "%s", %s() called too early to check prototype, %s -argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY -element or slice, %s argument is not a subroutine name, %s package -attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> -should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled substitution pattern, -Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional, Binary number > -0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector size > 32 -non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check filesystem -of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s", Can't -declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default, Can't -modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't remove -%s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't weaken -a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class syntax [%s] -belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference, -constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated, -defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean -"local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective -%s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for -output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires -explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable, -Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: -|%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal -number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute: -%s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid -separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in -subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs -returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing -%sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub", -No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our", -No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time -is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref, -panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing -around "%s" list, Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use -"sub NAME : ATTRS" instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count -in pack overflows, Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed -memory ignored, Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, -Strange *+?{} on zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not -implemented, This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl -can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown -open() mode '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, -Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter -in attribute list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute -parameter in subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute -list, Value of CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant -number - -=item New tests - -=item Incompatible Changes - -=over - -=item Perl Source Incompatibilities - -CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed +=item Utility Changes -=item Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different +=item New Documentation -Literals of the form C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed -pseudo-random number generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, -C fails on read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe -and socket handles, Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, -delete(), values() and C<\(%h)> operate on aliases to values, not copies, -vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS, Text of some diagnostic -output has changed, C<%@> has been removed, Parenthesized not() behaves -like a list operator, Semantics of bareword prototype C<(*)> have changed +=item Performance Enhancements -=item Semantics of bit operators may have changed on 64-bit platforms +=item Installation and Configuration Improvements -=item More builtins taint their results +=over 4 -=item C Source Incompatibilities +=item Generic Improvements -C, C, C +=back -=item Compatible C Source API Changes +=item Selected Bug Fixes -C is now C +=over 4 -=item Binary Incompatibilities +=item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes =back -=item Known Problems +=item New or Changed Diagnostics -=over +=item Changed Internals -=item Thread test failures +=item Known Problems -=item EBCDIC platforms not supported +=over 4 -=item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang +=item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect -=item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure +=item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform -=item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with -gcc +=item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles -=item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run +=item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure' -=item Arrow operator and arrays +=item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX -=item Windows 2000 +=item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris -=item Experimental features +=item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48 -Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The -pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file -globbing, The DB module, The regular expression constructs C<(?{ code })> -and C<(??{ code })> +=item sprintf tests 129 and 130 -=back +=item Storable tests fail in some platforms -=item Obsolete Diagnostics +=item Threads Are Still Experimental -Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed -logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, Probable precedence problem on %s, -regexp too big, Use of "$$" to mean "${$}" is deprecated +=item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental + +=back =item Reporting Bugs @@ -4801,13 +4545,13 @@ regexp too big, Use of "$$" to mean "${$}" is deprecated =head2 perl56delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0 -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Core Enhancements -=over +=over 4 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency @@ -4923,7 +4667,7 @@ regexp too big, Use of "$$" to mean "${$}" is deprecated =item Modules and Pragmata -=over +=over 4 =item Modules @@ -4942,7 +4686,7 @@ Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters =item Utility Changes -=over +=over 4 =item dprofpp @@ -4967,7 +4711,7 @@ perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod =item Performance enhancements -=over +=over 4 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized @@ -4981,7 +4725,7 @@ perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod =item Installation and Configuration Improvements -=over +=over 4 =item -Dusethreads means something different @@ -5007,7 +4751,7 @@ perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod =item Platform specific changes -=over +=over 4 =item Supported platforms @@ -5023,7 +4767,7 @@ perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod =item Significant bug fixes -=over +=over 4 =item on empty files @@ -5114,7 +4858,7 @@ CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number =item Incompatible Changes -=over +=over 4 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities @@ -5123,13 +4867,12 @@ Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C fails on read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles, -Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), values() and -C<\(%h)> operate on aliases to values, not copies, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) -enforces powers-of-two BITS, Text of some diagnostic output has changed, -C<%@> has been removed, Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, -Semantics of bareword prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit -operators may have changed on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their -results +Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(), +values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS, +Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed, +Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword +prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed +on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results =item C Source Incompatibilities @@ -5145,7 +4888,7 @@ C is now C =item Known Problems -=over +=over 4 =item Thread test failures @@ -5166,8 +4909,7 @@ gcc Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file -globbing, The DB module, The regular expression constructs C<(?{ code })> -and C<(??{ code })> +globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs: =back @@ -5188,7 +4930,7 @@ to mean "${$}" is deprecated =head2 perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005 -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION @@ -5196,7 +4938,7 @@ to mean "${$}" is deprecated =item Incompatible Changes -=over +=over 4 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004. @@ -5206,10 +4948,6 @@ to mean "${$}" is deprecated =item C Source Compatibility -Core sources now require ANSI C compiler, All Perl global variables must -now be referenced with an explicit prefix, Enabling threads has source -compatibility issues - =item Binary Compatibility =item Security fixes may affect compatibility @@ -5222,7 +4960,7 @@ compatibility issues =item Core Changes -=over +=over 4 =item Threads @@ -5302,7 +5040,7 @@ improvements, Incompatible changes =item Supported Platforms -=over +=over 4 =item New Platforms @@ -5312,7 +5050,7 @@ improvements, Incompatible changes =item Modules and Pragmata -=over +=over 4 =item New Modules @@ -5323,7 +5061,7 @@ Thread, attrs, fields, re =item Changes in existing modules Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File, -MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd, Benchmark +MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd =back @@ -5347,9 +5085,9 @@ Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance -detected while looking for method '%s' in package '%s', Reference found -where even-sized list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use -of reserved word "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed +detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized +list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word +"%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed =item Obsolete Diagnostics @@ -5368,7 +5106,7 @@ temporary file, regexp too big =head2 perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004 -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION @@ -5376,11 +5114,11 @@ temporary file, regexp too big =item Core Changes -=over +=over 4 =item List assignment to %ENV works -=item "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error now lists @INC +=item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003 @@ -5460,7 +5198,7 @@ LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this =item Support for More Operating Systems -=over +=over 4 =item Win32 @@ -5479,7 +5217,7 @@ constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish =item Modules -=over +=over 4 =item Required Updates @@ -5505,7 +5243,7 @@ constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish =item Utility Changes -=over +=over 4 =item pod2html @@ -5546,14 +5284,14 @@ possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found -while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Too late for -"B<-T>" option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, -Unrecognized character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$" to -mean "${$}" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with -defined(), Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay -shared, Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in -prime_env_iter, Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, -PERL_SH_DIR too long, Process terminated by SIG%s +while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>" +option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized +character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$" to mean +"${$}" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(), +Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared, +Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, +Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too +long, Process terminated by SIG%s =item BUGS @@ -5563,19 +5301,55 @@ PERL_SH_DIR too long, Process terminated by SIG%s =back -=head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS (possibly very outdated information) +=head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX + +=item OS level + +=item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX + +=item The IBM ANSI C Compiler + +=item Using GNU's gcc for building perl + +=item Using Large Files with Perl + +=item Threaded Perl + +=item 64-bit Perl + +=item GDBM and Threads + +=item NFS filesystems and utime(2) + +=back + +=item AUTHOR + +=item DATE + +=back + +=head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =back -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item Prerequisites @@ -5585,18 +5359,13 @@ B, B =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS -fork(), some features of the UNIX filesystem regarding link count and file -dates, inplace operation (the -i switch) without backup file, umask() -works, but the correct permissions are only set when the file is -finally close()d - =back =item INSTALLATION =item Accessing documentation -=over +=over 4 =item Manpages @@ -5610,7 +5379,7 @@ finally close()d =item BUILD -=over +=over 4 =item Prerequisites @@ -5618,27 +5387,73 @@ finally close()d =item Making +sh Configure -Dprefix=/ade -Dloclibpth=/ade/lib + =item Testing =item Installing the built perl =back -=item AUTHOR +=item AUTHORS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000. + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item gzip + +=item bison + +=item Unpacking + +=item Compiling + +=item Testing + +=item Install + +=item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell + +=item Using Perl in "native" BS2000 + +=item Floating point anomalies + +=back + +=item AUTHORS =item SEE ALSO +=over 4 + +=item Mailing list + +=back + +=item HISTORY + =back =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item PREREQUISITES -=over +=over 4 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it) @@ -5650,7 +5465,7 @@ C, I, Permissions =item CONFIGURE -=over +=over 4 =item Strip Binaries @@ -5666,14 +5481,13 @@ C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles> =item Suspicious Warnings -Whoa There, I, Win9x and C, Checking how std your stdio -is.., Compiler/Preprocessor defines +I, Win9x and C, Compiler/Preprocessor defines =back =item MAKE -=over +=over 4 =item Warnings @@ -5683,7 +5497,7 @@ is.., Compiler/Preprocessor defines =item TEST -=over +=over 4 =item File Permissions @@ -5718,13 +5532,13 @@ Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95. -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item Prerequisites @@ -5740,20 +5554,74 @@ DJGPP, Pthreads =back +=item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES + +=over 4 + +=item Prerequisites + +=item Unpacking CPAN Modules + +=item Building Non-XS Modules + +=item Building XS Modules + +=back + =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back +=head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item INTRODUCTION + +=item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC + +=item STARTING PERL ON EPOC + +=item STOPPING PERL ON EPOC + +=item USING PERL ON EPOC + +=over 4 + +=item I/O Redirection + +=item PATH Names + +=item Editors + +=item Features + +=item Restrictions + +=item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment + +=back + +=item SUPPORT STATUS + +=item AUTHOR + +=item LAST UPDATE + +=back + =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix (HP-UX) systems -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX @@ -5781,6 +5649,8 @@ DJGPP, Pthreads =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) +=item perl -P and // + =back =item AUTHOR @@ -5792,11 +5662,11 @@ DJGPP, Pthreads =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen systems -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen @@ -5814,15 +5684,57 @@ op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t =back +=head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic) + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHOR + +=item DATE + +=back + +=head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE + +=head1 SYNOPSIS + +=over 4 + +=item What's New + +=item System Requirements + +=item How to Obtain Perl/iX + +=item Distribution Contents Highlights + +README, public_html/feedback.cgi, 4, 6 + +=item Getting Started with Perl/iX + +=item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations + +=item Change History + +=back + =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT. -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =back -=over +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 =item Target @@ -5838,11 +5750,11 @@ EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh =back -=over - =item Frequently asked questions -=over +=over 4 + +=item "It does not work" =item I cannot run external programs @@ -5860,7 +5772,7 @@ L? =item INSTALLATION -=over +=over 4 =item Automatic binary installation @@ -5880,7 +5792,7 @@ Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh =item Accessing documentation -=over +=over 4 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file @@ -5900,7 +5812,9 @@ Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh =item BUILD -=over +=over 4 + +=item The short story =item Prerequisites @@ -5915,7 +5829,7 @@ Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh =item Testing A lot of C, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F, -F, F, F, F +F =item Installing the built perl @@ -5925,7 +5839,7 @@ F, F, F, F =item Build FAQ -=over +=over 4 =item Some C became C<\> in pdksh. @@ -5939,11 +5853,13 @@ F, F, F, F =item Segfault in make +=item op/sprintf test failure + =back =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port -=over +=over 4 =item C, C @@ -5960,19 +5876,35 @@ C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C +C, +C, C, +OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C, +C, C, +C, C, +OS2::get_control87(), C + +=item Prebuilt variables: + +$OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver =item Misfeatures =item Modifications -C, C, C, C, C, C +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C + +=item Identifying DLLs + +=item Centralized management of resources + +C, C =back =item Perl flavors -=over +=over 4 =item F @@ -5988,13 +5920,11 @@ C, C, C, C, C, C =item Why chimera build? -explicit fork(), open FH, "|-", open FH, "-|" - =back =item ENVIRONMENT -=over +=over 4 =item C @@ -6012,7 +5942,7 @@ explicit fork(), open FH, "|-", open FH, "-|" =item Evolution -=over +=over 4 =item Priorities @@ -6028,27 +5958,157 @@ explicit fork(), open FH, "|-", open FH, "-|" C, F -=back +=back + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390. + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Unpacking + +=item Setup and utilities + +=item Configure + +=item Build, test, install + +=item build anomalies + +=item testing anomalies + +=item installation anomalies + +=item Usage Hints + +=item Floating point anomalies + +=item Modules and Extensions + +=back + +=item AUTHORS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=over 4 + +=item Mailing list + +=back + +=item HISTORY + +=back + +=head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Solaris Version Numbers. + +=back + +=item RESOURCES + +Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation + +=item SETTING UP + +=over 4 + +=item File Extraction Problems. + +=item Compiler and Related Tools. + +=item Environment + +=back + +=item RUN CONFIGURE. + +=over 4 + +=item 64-bit Issues. + +=item Threads. + +=item Malloc Issues. + +=back + +=item MAKE PROBLEMS. + +Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal: +relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No +DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found + +=item MAKE TEST + +=over 4 + +=item op/stat.t test 4 + +=back + +=item PREBUILT BINARIES. + +=item RUNTIME ISSUES. + +=over 4 + +=item Limits on Numbers of Open Files. + +=back + +=item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES. + +=item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES. + +=over 4 + +=item Proc::ProcessTable + +=item BSD::Resource + +=item Net::SSLeay =back -=over - =item AUTHOR -=item SEE ALSO +=item LAST MODIFIED =back -=head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390. +=head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA. -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item Unpacking @@ -6056,11 +6116,20 @@ C, F =item Configure -=item Build, test, install +Don't turn on the compiler optimization flag "-O". There's a bug in the +compiler (APAR PQ18812) that generates some bad code the optimizer is on, +As VM/ESA doesn't fully support the fork() API programs relying on this +call will not work. I've replaced fork()/exec() with spawn() and the +standalone exec() with spawn(). This has a side effect when opening unnamed +pipes in a shell script: there is no child process generated under + +=item testing anomalies =item Usage Hints -=item Extensions +When using perl on VM/ESA please keep in mind that the EBCDIC and ASCII +character sets are different. Perl builtin functions that may behave +differently under EBCDIC are mentioned in the perlport.pod document. =back @@ -6068,19 +6137,17 @@ C, F =item SEE ALSO -=over +=over 4 =item Mailing list =back -=item HISTORY - =back =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION @@ -6088,7 +6155,7 @@ C, F =item Organization of Perl Images -=over +=over 4 =item Core Images @@ -6102,7 +6169,7 @@ C, F =item File specifications -=over +=over 4 =item Syntax @@ -6116,7 +6183,7 @@ C, F =item Command line -=over +=over 4 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding @@ -6139,7 +6206,7 @@ LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences -=over +=over 4 =item SDBM_File @@ -6151,15 +6218,55 @@ LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS =back +=head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=over 4 + +=item Stratus POSIX Support + +=back + +=item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS + +=over 4 + +=item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS + +=item Installing Perl 5 on VOS + +=back + +=item USING PERL IN VOS + +=over 4 + +=item Unimplemented Features + +=item Restrictions + +=back + +=item SUPPORT STATUS + +=item AUTHOR + +=item LAST UPDATE + +=back + =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Win32 -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item Setting Up @@ -6183,6 +6290,10 @@ Extensions, Running Perl Scripts, Miscellaneous Things =item AUTHORS +Gary Ng E71564.1743@CompuServe.COME, Gurusamy Sarathy +Egsar@activestate.comE, Nick Ing-Simmons +Enick@ing-simmons.netE + =item SEE ALSO =item HISTORY @@ -6193,7 +6304,7 @@ Extensions, Running Perl Scripts, Miscellaneous Things =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated) -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6205,7 +6316,7 @@ method, locked =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6215,13 +6326,13 @@ method, locked =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item Built-in Attributes @@ -6241,7 +6352,7 @@ FETCH_I_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I_ATTRIBUTES =item EXPORTS -=over +=over 4 =item Default exports @@ -6259,7 +6370,7 @@ FETCH_I_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I_ATTRIBUTES =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated) -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6271,7 +6382,7 @@ method, locked =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6287,7 +6398,7 @@ method, locked =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6301,7 +6412,7 @@ method, locked =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6316,7 +6427,7 @@ method, locked =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character semantics -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6329,7 +6440,7 @@ semantics =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal escape. -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6343,7 +6454,7 @@ escape. =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6364,13 +6475,13 @@ escape. =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning diagnostics -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item The C Pragma @@ -6390,7 +6501,7 @@ diagnostics =head2 fields - compile-time class fields -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6404,13 +6515,13 @@ new, phash =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item subpragma access @@ -6418,10 +6529,10 @@ new, phash =back -=head2 integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of -double +=head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating +point -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6431,7 +6542,7 @@ double =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6441,13 +6552,13 @@ double =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item Adding directories to @INC @@ -6466,7 +6577,7 @@ double =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6476,13 +6587,15 @@ operations =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item UNIMPLEMENTED FUNCTIONALITY +=item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY + +=item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS =item SEE ALSO @@ -6490,7 +6603,7 @@ operations =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6502,13 +6615,13 @@ operations =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item Declaration of overloaded functions @@ -6537,11 +6650,11 @@ is inherited by derived classes =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C -=over +=over 4 =item Last Resort -=item Fallback +=item Fallback C, TRUE, defined, but FALSE @@ -6576,7 +6689,7 @@ integer, float, binary, q, qr =item Cookbook -=over +=over 4 =item Two-face scalars @@ -6592,13 +6705,16 @@ integer, float, binary, q, qr =item DIAGNOSTICS +Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable +type, `%s' is not a code reference + =item BUGS =back =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6608,7 +6724,7 @@ integer, float, binary, q, qr =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6616,7 +6732,7 @@ integer, float, binary, q, qr =item OPTIONS -=over +=over 4 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS @@ -6638,7 +6754,7 @@ B, B, I, I =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6650,29 +6766,51 @@ C, C, C =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names -=over +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 unicode::distinct - Perl pragma to strictly distinguish UTF8 data +and non-UTF data. + +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION +=item SEE ALSO + =back =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 in source code -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION +=over 4 + +=item Utility functions + +$num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, CHECK]), +utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string) + +=back + =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete) -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6682,14 +6820,17 @@ C, C, C =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -use warnings::register, warnings::enabled([$category]), -warnings::warn([$category,] $message) +use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category), +warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message), +warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message), +warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message), +warnings::warnif($object, $message) =back @@ -6699,13 +6840,13 @@ warnings::warn([$category,] $message) =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item DBM Comparisons @@ -6719,13 +6860,13 @@ warnings::warn([$category,] $message) =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item Subroutine Stubs @@ -6735,6 +6876,8 @@ warnings::warn([$category,] $message) =item Package Lexicals +=item Not Using AutoLoader + =item B vs. B =back @@ -6747,7 +6890,7 @@ warnings::warn([$category,] $message) =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6755,7 +6898,7 @@ warnings::warn([$category,] $message) $keep, $check, $modtime -=over +=over 4 =item Multiple packages @@ -6767,7 +6910,7 @@ $keep, $check, $modtime =head2 B - The Perl Compiler -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6775,7 +6918,7 @@ $keep, $check, $modtime =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES -=over +=over 4 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES @@ -6785,7 +6928,7 @@ REFCNT, FLAGS =item B::IV METHODS -IV, IVX, needs64bits, packiv +IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv =item B::NV METHODS @@ -6797,7 +6940,7 @@ RV =item B::PV METHODS -PV +PV, PVX =item B::PVMG METHODS @@ -6817,8 +6960,8 @@ USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE =item B::GV METHODS -is_empty, NAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN, LINE, FILE, -FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS +is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN, +LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS =item B::IO METHODS @@ -6832,7 +6975,7 @@ FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS =item B::CV METHODS STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY, -CvFLAGS +CvFLAGS, const_sv =item B::HV METHODS @@ -6900,7 +7043,7 @@ hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate bytecode -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6912,7 +7055,7 @@ bytecode =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6924,7 +7067,7 @@ bytecode =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6936,7 +7079,7 @@ bytecode =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6946,8 +7089,7 @@ bytecode B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>, B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, -B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-Ppackage> Stores package in the -output. =back +B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage> =item EXAMPLES @@ -6959,7 +7101,7 @@ output. =back =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6980,7 +7122,7 @@ B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>, B<-llimit> =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6998,7 +7140,7 @@ B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On> =item DIFFERENCES -=over +=over 4 =item Loops @@ -7014,9 +7156,48 @@ B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On> =back +=head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item OPTIONS + +B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>, +B<-main>, B<-base>I, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>, +B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env> + +=item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS + +B<(x(>IB<;>IB<)x)>, B<(*(>IB<)*)>, +B<(*(>IB<;>IB<)*)>, B<(?(>IB<#>IIB<)?)>, +B<#>I, B<#>II, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>, +B<#classym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>, +B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphenseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>, +B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>, +B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>, +B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum> + +=item ABBREVIATIONS + +=over 4 + +=item OP flags abbreviations + +=item OP class abbreviations + +=back + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7028,7 +7209,7 @@ B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On> =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7037,11 +7218,11 @@ B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On> =item OPTIONS B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-u>I, B<-s>I, B, BI, -B, BIB<.> +B, BIB<.>, B<-x>I =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE -=over +=over 4 =item Synopsis @@ -7061,7 +7242,7 @@ B, BIB<.> =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7073,7 +7254,7 @@ B, BIB<.> =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7096,7 +7277,7 @@ B<-u Package> =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7112,7 +7293,7 @@ B<-u Package> =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7124,7 +7305,7 @@ B<-u Package> =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7138,7 +7319,7 @@ B<-u Package> =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7150,7 +7331,7 @@ B<-u Package> =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7168,7 +7349,7 @@ C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]> =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7180,13 +7361,13 @@ C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]> =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item Methods @@ -7224,7 +7405,7 @@ STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache ( =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7238,7 +7419,7 @@ STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache ( =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7248,8 +7429,7 @@ STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache ( B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>, B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, -B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-Ppackage> Stores package in the -output. =back +B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage> =item EXAMPLES @@ -7261,7 +7441,7 @@ output. =back =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7269,16 +7449,12 @@ output. =back =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES -1. Use another name for the argument, if one is available. For example, --value is an alias for -values, 2. Change the capitalization, e.g. -Values, -3. Put quotes around the argument name, e.g. '-values' - =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE): =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE @@ -7314,8 +7490,8 @@ B<:standard>, B<:all> =item PRAGMAS --any, -compile, -nosticky, -nph, -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, --no_debug, -debug, -private_tempfiles +-any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_xhtml, -nph, -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, +-autoload, -no_debug, -debug, -private_tempfiles =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS @@ -7327,7 +7503,7 @@ a tag) =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS -=over +=over 4 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER: @@ -7344,7 +7520,7 @@ B, 4, 5, 6.. =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query> -(B<-query_string>) +(B<-query_string>), B<-base> =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS @@ -7352,7 +7528,7 @@ B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query> =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS: -=over +=over 4 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS @@ -7373,7 +7549,7 @@ charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]); =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS: -=over +=over 4 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG @@ -7425,8 +7601,7 @@ B =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON -B, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment -type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE +B =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON @@ -7447,7 +7622,7 @@ the

tag =item DEBUGGING -=over +=over 4 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS @@ -7456,20 +7631,19 @@ the tag =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES B, B, B, B, -B, B, B Return the script -name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, B, B, B, B, B, -B, B, B, B, -B, B +B, B, B, B, +B, B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, B =item USING NPH SCRIPTS In the B statement, By calling the B method:, By using B<-nph> -parameters in the B and B statements: +parameters =item Server Push -multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end() +multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final() =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks @@ -7505,7 +7679,7 @@ MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org), =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7524,7 +7698,7 @@ MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org), =head2 CGI::Carp, B - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or other) error log -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7534,12 +7708,14 @@ other) error log =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW -=over +=over 4 =item Changing the default message =back +=item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS + =item CHANGE LOG =item AUTHORS @@ -7550,7 +7726,7 @@ other) error log =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7560,7 +7736,7 @@ other) error log B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag> -=over +=over 4 =item Creating New Cookies @@ -7584,7 +7760,7 @@ B, B, B, B, B =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7610,13 +7786,13 @@ B, B, B, B, B =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item Tags that won't be formatted @@ -7634,7 +7810,7 @@ B, B, B, B, B =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7642,9 +7818,9 @@ B, B, B, B, B =item USING CGI::Push --next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires +-next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph -=over +=over 4 =item Heterogeneous Pages @@ -7664,7 +7840,7 @@ B, B, B, B, B =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7680,23 +7856,35 @@ B, B, B, B, B =back -=head2 CGI::Util - various utilities +=head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHOR INFORMATION + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item Interactive Mode Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test, install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or -distribution, Signals +distribution, ls author, Signals =item CPAN::Shell @@ -7706,11 +7894,38 @@ distribution, Signals =item The four C Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution -=item ProgrammerE<39>s interface - -expand($type,@things), Programming Examples - -=item Methods in the four Classes +=item Programmer's interface + +expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples + +=item Methods in the other Classes + +CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(), +CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(), +CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(), +CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(), +CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(), +CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(), +CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(), +CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(), +CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(), +CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(), +CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(), +CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(), +CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(), +CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(), +CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(), +CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(), +CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(), +CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(), +CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(), +CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(), +CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args), +CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(), +CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(), +CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(), +CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(), +CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid() =item Cache Manager @@ -7733,7 +7948,7 @@ EvalueE>, Clist optionE>, Clist optionE [shift|pop]>, Clist optionE [unshift|push|splice] ElistE> -=over +=over 4 =item Note on urllist parameter's format @@ -7749,19 +7964,33 @@ optionE [shift|pop]>, Clist optionE =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS +=over 4 + +=item Three basic types of firewalls + http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade +=item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall + +=back + +=item FAQ + +1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10) + =item BUGS =item AUTHOR +=item TRANSLATIONS + =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7772,7 +8001,7 @@ http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS module -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7784,13 +8013,13 @@ module =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller) -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item Forcing a Stack Trace @@ -7800,28 +8029,44 @@ module =back -=head2 Carp::Heavy - Carp guts +=head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside -=over +=head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree -=item SYNOPIS +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION +=item FUNCTIONS + +the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function +Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function +Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS) + +=item CAUTIONARY NOTES + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=item AUTHOR + =back =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item The C function +=item Class Creation at Compile Time + =item Element Types and Accessor Methods Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or @@ -7841,7 +8086,7 @@ Example 1, Example 2, Example 3 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7855,7 +8100,7 @@ myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names) =item GLOSSARY -=over +=over 4 =item _ @@ -7875,8 +8120,9 @@ C, C =item c C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C =item C @@ -7886,25 +8132,26 @@ C, C, C, C, C =item d -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, @@ -7916,41 +8163,47 @@ C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C =item e @@ -7964,38 +8217,39 @@ C, C, C, C, C, C =item g -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C =item h -C, C, C, C, C +C, C, C, C =item i C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C =item k @@ -8003,12 +8257,12 @@ C, C =item l -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C =item m @@ -8018,15 +8272,15 @@ C, C =item M -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C =item n -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C =item o @@ -8041,9 +8295,9 @@ C =item P C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C =item q @@ -8059,14 +8313,14 @@ C, C, C, C C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C @@ -8086,18 +8340,22 @@ C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C +C, C =item v C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C +C, C, C, C, C =item x C, C +=item y + +C, C + =item z C, C @@ -8108,9 +8366,9 @@ C, C =back -=head2 Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory +=head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -8122,13 +8380,13 @@ C, C subject to change) -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item Global Variables @@ -8157,7 +8415,7 @@ CLIENT->output(LIST) =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -8165,7 +8423,7 @@ CLIENT->output(LIST) B, B, B -=over +=over 4 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or 3 @@ -8181,7 +8439,7 @@ B, B, B =item DB_HASH -=over +=over 4 =item A Simple Example @@ -8189,7 +8447,7 @@ B, B, B =item DB_BTREE -=over +=over 4 =item Changing the BTREE sort order @@ -8207,7 +8465,7 @@ B, B, B =item DB_RECNO -=over +=over 4 =item The 'bval' Option @@ -8234,7 +8492,7 @@ $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-Esync([$flags]) ;> B, B, B, B -=over +=over 4 =item The Filter @@ -8246,7 +8504,7 @@ B =item HINTS AND TIPS -=over +=over 4 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd @@ -8262,7 +8520,7 @@ B, B, B =item COMMON QUESTIONS -=over +=over 4 =item Why is there Perl source in my database? @@ -8293,13 +8551,13 @@ B, B, B =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both printing and C -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item Methods @@ -8347,7 +8605,7 @@ Dumper =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -8367,15 +8625,21 @@ Dumper =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION +=over 4 + +=item Memory footprint debugging + +=back + =item EXAMPLES -=over +=over 4 =item A simple scalar string @@ -8409,17 +8673,66 @@ Dumper =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module -=over +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +I, I, I + +=item OO INTERFACE + +$ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx = +Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...), +$ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm + +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION +=item FUNCTIONS + +md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...) + +=item METHODS + +$md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...), +$md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=item AUTHORS + =back =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -8429,13 +8742,13 @@ Dumper =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data. -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item Creation @@ -8455,7 +8768,7 @@ veryCompact, set, get =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -8474,7 +8787,7 @@ bootstrap() =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -8484,10 +8797,131 @@ Perl code =back +=head2 Encode - character encodings + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item TERMINOLOGY + +=back + +=item ENCODINGS + +=over 4 + +=item Characteristics of an Encoding + +=item Types of Encodings + +Fixed length 8-bit (or less) encodings, Fixed length 16-bit encodings, +Fixed length 32-bit encodings, Multi-byte encodings, "Escape" encodings + +=item Specifying Encodings + +1. By name, 2. As an object + +=item Encoding Names + +The MIME name as defined in IETF RFC-XXXX, The name in the IANA registry, +The name used by the the organization that defined it + +=back + +=item PERL ENCODING API + +=over 4 + +=item Generic Encoding Interface + +=item Handling Malformed Data + +Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes + +=item UTF-8 / utf8 + +=item Other Encodings of Unicode + +=item Listing available encodings + +=item Defining Aliases + +As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code +reference, e.g.: + +=item Defining Encodings + +=back + +=item Encoding and IO + +=item Encoding How to ... + +IO with mixed content (faking iso-2020-*), MIME's Content-Length:, UTF-8 +strings in binary data, perl/Encode wrappers on non-Unicode XS modules + +=item Messing with Perl's Internals + +is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), valid_utf8(STRING) + +=item IMPLEMENTATION CLASSES + +-Ename, -Enew_sequence, -Eencode($string,$check), +-Edecode($octets,$check) + +=over 4 + +=item Compiled Encodings + +.enc, .ucm, .ucm, .c, .xs, ascii and iso-8859-*, IBM-1047 and two other +variants of EBCDIC, symbol and dingbats as used by Tk on X11 + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 Encode::EncodeFormat, EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables +of the Encode extension + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +[1] B, [2] B, [3] B, [4] B + +=item KEYWORDS + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 Encode::Tcl - Tcl encodings + +=head2 EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables of the Encode extension + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +[1] B, [2] B, [3] B, [4] B + +=item KEYWORDS + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation variables -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -8500,7 +8934,7 @@ variables =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or arrays -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -8514,7 +8948,7 @@ arrays =head2 Errno - System errno constants -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -8530,13 +8964,13 @@ arrays =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item How to Export @@ -8544,8 +8978,6 @@ arrays =item Specialised Import Lists -=item Constants can be inlined - =item Exporting without using Export's import method =item Module Version Checking @@ -8560,7 +8992,7 @@ arrays =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPIS @@ -8571,7 +9003,7 @@ arrays =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc. -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -8599,7 +9031,7 @@ mkpath directory.. test_f file -=over +=over 4 =item BUGS @@ -8611,7 +9043,7 @@ test_f file =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -8634,7 +9066,7 @@ ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules) =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -8644,7 +9076,7 @@ ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules) =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -8665,7 +9097,7 @@ packlist(), version() =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -8673,7 +9105,7 @@ packlist(), version() For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions -=over +=over 4 =item EXTRALIBS @@ -8685,7 +9117,7 @@ For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions =item PORTABILITY -=over +=over 4 =item VMS implementation @@ -8700,7 +9132,7 @@ For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -8713,17 +9145,21 @@ canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION +=item METHODS + =back +perl_archive_after + =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -8731,7 +9167,7 @@ ExtUtils::MakeMaker =item METHODS -=over +=over 4 =item Preloaded methods @@ -8751,7 +9187,7 @@ rootdir updir -=over +=over 4 =item SelfLoaded methods @@ -8803,7 +9239,7 @@ file_name_is_absolute find_perl -=over +=over 4 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile @@ -8919,9 +9355,11 @@ xs_o (o) perl_archive +perl_archive_after + export_list -=over +=over 4 =item SEE ALSO @@ -8930,13 +9368,13 @@ export_list =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item Methods always loaded @@ -8948,7 +9386,7 @@ wraplist rootdir (override) -=over +=over 4 =item SelfLoaded methods @@ -9045,7 +9483,7 @@ nicetext (override) =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -9091,13 +9529,13 @@ pasthru (o) =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL @@ -9121,21 +9559,21 @@ pasthru (o) =item Using Attributes and Parameters -AUTHOR, ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CAPI, CCFLAGS, CONFIG, +ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CAPI, CCFLAGS, CONFIG, CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS, HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR, INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, -INST_EXE, INST_LIB, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_MAN1DIR, -INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, PERL_MALLOC_OK, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, -LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, -NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, -PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, -PM, PMLIBDIRS, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC, PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, -PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, -XS_VERSION +INST_EXE, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, +INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE, +MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME, +NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC, +PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX, +PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC, +PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, +VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION =item Additional lowercase attributes @@ -9168,7 +9606,7 @@ PERL_MM_OPT =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -9185,6 +9623,10 @@ PERL_MM_OPT C I, C I, C I<$!>, C I +=item ENVIRONMENT + +B + =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR @@ -9193,7 +9635,7 @@ C I =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -9205,7 +9647,7 @@ C I =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -9216,7 +9658,7 @@ C I =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic extension -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -9232,7 +9674,7 @@ DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -9252,7 +9694,7 @@ new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file() =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -9262,7 +9704,7 @@ new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file() =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -9274,7 +9716,7 @@ new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file() =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -9288,7 +9730,7 @@ new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file() =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -9304,7 +9746,7 @@ C, C =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -9314,7 +9756,7 @@ C, C =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -9328,13 +9770,13 @@ C, C =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item Special behaviour if C is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32) @@ -9350,7 +9792,7 @@ rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag]) =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -9370,14 +9812,15 @@ rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag]) =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C =item CAVEAT @@ -9385,60 +9828,95 @@ C, C, C, C =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C +C, C, C, C, C, +C =item DIAGNOSTICS C, C -=item NOTES +=item NOTES + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHORS + +=back + +=head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item SEE ALSO -=item AUTHOR +=item AUTHORS =back -=head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees +=head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item AUTHORS +devnull =back -=head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names +tmpdir -=over +path -=item SYNOPSIS +canonpath -=item DESCRIPTION +splitpath -=item SEE ALSO +splitdir -=item AUTHORS +catpath + +abs2rel + +rel2abs + +=over 4 + +=item SEE ALSO =back =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item Exports @@ -9450,7 +9928,7 @@ C, C =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -9490,7 +9968,7 @@ abs2rel rel2abs -=over +=over 4 =item SEE ALSO @@ -9498,7 +9976,7 @@ rel2abs =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -9508,7 +9986,7 @@ rel2abs =head2 File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -9554,7 +10032,7 @@ abs2rel rel2abs -=over +=over 4 =item SEE ALSO @@ -9562,7 +10040,7 @@ rel2abs =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -9574,7 +10052,7 @@ eliminate_macros fixpath -=over +=over 4 =item Methods always loaded @@ -9612,7 +10090,7 @@ abs2rel (override) rel2abs (override) -=over +=over 4 =item SEE ALSO @@ -9620,7 +10098,7 @@ rel2abs (override) =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -9642,7 +10120,7 @@ splitdir catpath -=over +=over 4 =item SEE ALSO @@ -9650,7 +10128,9 @@ catpath =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely -=over +=over 4 + +=item PORTABILITY =item SYNOPSIS @@ -9658,7 +10138,7 @@ catpath =back -=over +=over 4 =item FUNCTIONS @@ -9668,7 +10148,7 @@ B B -=over +=over 4 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS @@ -9682,7 +10162,7 @@ B B -=over +=over 4 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS @@ -9692,7 +10172,7 @@ B B -=over +=over 4 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS @@ -9700,7 +10180,7 @@ B =back -=over +=over 4 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS @@ -9708,7 +10188,7 @@ B =back -=over +=over 4 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES @@ -9718,10 +10198,16 @@ B, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH TopSystemUID -=over +=over 4 =item WARNING +=over 4 + +=item Temporary files and NFS + +=back + =item HISTORY =item SEE ALSO @@ -9732,7 +10218,7 @@ TopSystemUID =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -9746,7 +10232,7 @@ TopSystemUID =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -9758,7 +10244,7 @@ TopSystemUID =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -9770,9 +10256,75 @@ $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines =back +=head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item The Problem + +=item A Solution + +=item How it works + +=back + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item B + +=item B + +=item B + +B<$_>, B<$status>, B and B, B + +=back + +=item EXAMPLES + +=over 4 + +=item Example 1: A simple filter. + +=item Example 2: Using the context + +=item Example 3: Using the context within the filter + +=item Example 4: Using filter_del + +=back + +=item Filter::Simple + +=item AUTHOR + +=item DATE + +=back + =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -9790,7 +10342,7 @@ $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library. -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -9806,7 +10358,7 @@ $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -9816,7 +10368,7 @@ $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long -=over +=over 4 =item Simple options @@ -9844,7 +10396,9 @@ $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines =item Advanced Possibilities -=over +=over 4 + +=item Object oriented interface =item Documentation and help texts @@ -9860,16 +10414,17 @@ $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines =item Configuring Getopt::Long -default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, require_order, permute, bundling -(default: reset), bundling_override (default: reset), ignore_case -(default: set), ignore_case_always (default: reset), pass_through (default: -reset), prefix, prefix_pattern, debug (default: reset) +default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt, +require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override +(default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always +(default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix, +prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled) =item Return values and Errors =item Legacy -=over +=over 4 =item Default destinations @@ -9879,6 +10434,17 @@ reset), prefix, prefix_pattern, debug (default: reset) =back +=item Trouble Shooting + +=over 4 + +=item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option + +=item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not +supplied + +=back + =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER @@ -9888,7 +10454,7 @@ reset), prefix, prefix_pattern, debug (default: reset) =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch clustering -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -9899,7 +10465,7 @@ clustering =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current locale -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -9909,7 +10475,7 @@ locale =head2 IO - load various IO modules -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -9919,7 +10485,7 @@ locale =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -9938,7 +10504,7 @@ rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ] =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -9960,7 +10526,7 @@ open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ) =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -9989,7 +10555,7 @@ $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -10013,7 +10579,7 @@ reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles () =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -10034,12 +10600,16 @@ IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] ) =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION +$io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->setpos ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET), +WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ), +$io->tell + =item SEE ALSO =item HISTORY @@ -10048,7 +10618,7 @@ IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] ) =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -10074,7 +10644,7 @@ count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] ) =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -10086,8 +10656,8 @@ new ( [ARGS] ) =item METHODS -accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), timeout([VAL]), -sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol, connected +accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected, +protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL]) =item SEE ALSO @@ -10099,7 +10669,7 @@ sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol, connected =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -10109,7 +10679,7 @@ sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol, connected new ( [ARGS] ) -=over +=over 4 =item METHODS @@ -10128,7 +10698,7 @@ sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -10153,7 +10723,7 @@ hostpath(), peerpath() =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -10172,7 +10742,7 @@ rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ] =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -10195,7 +10765,7 @@ open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ) =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -10224,7 +10794,7 @@ $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -10248,7 +10818,7 @@ reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles () =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -10270,12 +10840,16 @@ IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] ) =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION +$io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->setpos ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET), +WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ), +$io->tell + =item SEE ALSO =item HISTORY @@ -10285,7 +10859,7 @@ I/O objects =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -10312,7 +10886,7 @@ count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] ) =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -10324,8 +10898,8 @@ new ( [ARGS] ) =item METHODS -accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), timeout([VAL]), -sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol, connected +accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected, +protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL]) =item SEE ALSO @@ -10338,7 +10912,7 @@ sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol, connected =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -10348,7 +10922,7 @@ AF_INET domain sockets new ( [ARGS] ) -=over +=over 4 =item METHODS @@ -10368,7 +10942,7 @@ sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -10392,7 +10966,7 @@ hostpath(), peerpath() =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -10414,7 +10988,7 @@ FLAGS ] ), stat =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -10429,7 +11003,7 @@ FLAGS ] ), stat =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error handling -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -10441,7 +11015,7 @@ handling =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -10464,7 +11038,7 @@ set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -10480,47 +11054,274 @@ ftok( PATH, ID ) =back -=head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class +=head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item METHODS + +new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set +( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [, +FLAGS ] ), stat + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object +class + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item METHODS + +new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ), +getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ), +set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N +, VALUE ), stat + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS + +=item SEE ALSO + +Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166) + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +B, B, B + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item CONVERSION ROUTINES + +code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ), +country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET ) + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item QUERY ROUTINES + +C, C + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item CODE ALIASING + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item DOMAIN NAMES + +=item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS + +=item SEE ALSO + +Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, ISO 3166, +http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/, +http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html, +http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency +identification (ISO 4217) + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +XTS, XXX + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item CONVERSION ROUTINES + +code2currency(), currency2code() + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item QUERY ROUTINES + +C, C + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS + +=item SEE ALSO + +Locale::Country, ISO 4217:1995, http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification +(ISO 639) + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item CONVERSION ROUTINES + +code2language(), language2code() + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item QUERY ROUTINES + +C, C + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS + +=item SEE ALSO + +Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F), +http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item METHODS +encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str) -new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set -( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [, -FLAGS ] ), stat +=item DIAGNOSTICS -=item SEE ALSO +Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data -=item AUTHOR +=item EXAMPLES =item COPYRIGHT =back -=head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object -class +=head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding +of quoted-printable strings -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item METHODS +encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str); -new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ), -getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ), -set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N -, VALUE ), stat +=item COPYRIGHT -=item SEE ALSO +=back -=item AUTHOR +=head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable +strings + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str); =item COPYRIGHT @@ -10528,7 +11329,7 @@ set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -10545,7 +11346,7 @@ performed =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -10566,7 +11367,7 @@ Canonical notation, Input, Output =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical functions -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -10578,7 +11379,7 @@ functions =item STRINGIFICATION -=over +=over 4 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6 @@ -10598,7 +11399,7 @@ functions =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -10608,7 +11409,7 @@ functions B -=over +=over 4 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO @@ -10620,7 +11421,7 @@ B =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS -=over +=over 4 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS @@ -10631,10 +11432,16 @@ cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical =back -=item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES +=item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS =item EXAMPLES +=over 4 + +=item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS + +=back + =item BUGS =item AUTHORS @@ -10643,23 +11450,35 @@ cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION +C, C, C + +=item DIAGNOSTICS + +=over 4 + +=item C + +=back + +=item BUGS AND WARNINGS + =back =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item Functions @@ -10668,8 +11487,6 @@ $timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]); =back -=item WARNING - =item NOTES =back @@ -10677,7 +11494,7 @@ $timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]); =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -10694,7 +11511,7 @@ functions =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -10711,7 +11528,7 @@ functions =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() functions -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -10726,7 +11543,7 @@ functions =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -10742,7 +11559,7 @@ functions =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -10758,17 +11575,29 @@ functions =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION +C, C, C + +=item DIAGNOSTICS + +=over 4 + +=item C + +=back + +=item BUGS AND WARNINGS + =back =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -10796,7 +11625,7 @@ opdump (PAT) =back -=over +=over 4 =item Predefined Opcode Tags @@ -10814,7 +11643,7 @@ opdump (PAT) =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -10824,7 +11653,7 @@ a new namespace, an operator mask =item WARNING -=over +=over 4 =item RECENT CHANGES @@ -10848,7 +11677,7 @@ Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -10860,7 +11689,7 @@ compiling =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1 -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -10901,7 +11730,7 @@ wctomb, write =item CLASSES -=over +=over 4 =item POSIX::SigAction @@ -10987,15 +11816,66 @@ Constants, Macros =back +=head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::* +name space + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, raw + +=over 4 + +=item Defaults and how to override them + +=back + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 PerlIO::Scalar - support module for in-memory IO. + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 PerlIO::Via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +$class->PUSHED([$mode][,$fh]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]), +$class->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $class->FDOPEN($fd), +$class->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,$fh), $obj->FILENO($fh), +$obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh), +$obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh), +$obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh), +$obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh) + +=back + =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS -=over +=over 4 =item podchecker() @@ -11007,7 +11887,7 @@ B<-warnings> =E I =item DIAGNOSTICS -=over +=over 4 =item Errors @@ -11024,12 +11904,16 @@ after =back =item Warnings multiple occurence of link target I, line containing nothing but -whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, No numeric -argument for =over, previous =item has no contents, preceding non-item -paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I vs. I), I unescaped -CE> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No items in =over, No argument -for =item, empty section in previous paragraph, Verbatim paragraph in NAME -section, Hyperlinks +whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has +no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I +vs. I), I unescaped CE> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No +items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph, +Verbatim paragraph in NAME section + +=item Hyperlinks + +ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page' +deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or / =back @@ -11041,6 +11925,8 @@ section, Hyperlinks =back +Cnew( %options )> + C<$checker-Epoderror( @args )>, C<$checker-Epoderror( {%opts}, @args )> @@ -11054,7 +11940,7 @@ C<$checker-Eidx()> C<$checker-Ehyperlink()> -=over +=over 4 =item AUTHOR @@ -11062,15 +11948,45 @@ C<$checker-Ehyperlink()> =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item OPTIONS +=back + +=over 4 + +=item C + +C<-verbose =E 1>, C<-perl =E 1>, C<-script =E 1>, C<-inc =E +1> + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item C + +=back -B<-verbose>, B<-perl>, B<-script>, B<-inc> +=over 4 + +=item C + +C<-inc =E 1>, C<-dirs =E [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E +1> + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item C + +=back + +=over 4 =item AUTHOR @@ -11080,7 +11996,7 @@ B<-verbose>, B<-perl>, B<-script>, B<-inc> =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -11107,7 +12023,7 @@ verbose =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs, commands, etc. -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -11117,216 +12033,216 @@ commands, etc. =item DESCRIPTION -B, B, B, -B +package B, package B, package +B, package B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item Pod::Paragraph-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_para-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_para-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_para-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_para-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_para-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_para-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_para-EB =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item Pod::InteriorSequence-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_seq-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_seq-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_seq-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_seq-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_seq-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_seq-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_seq-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_seq-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_seq-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item Pod::InteriorSequence::B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item Pod::ParseTree-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $ptree-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $ptree-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $ptree-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $ptree-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $ptree-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item Pod::ParseTree::B =back -=over +=over 4 =item SEE ALSO @@ -11336,7 +12252,7 @@ B =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -11344,7 +12260,7 @@ B =back -=over +=over 4 =item OBJECT METHODS @@ -11352,7 +12268,7 @@ C =back -=over +=over 4 =item Data Accessors @@ -11384,7 +12300,7 @@ B B -=over +=over 4 =item Subclassed methods @@ -11402,7 +12318,7 @@ B B -=over +=over 4 =item List Methods @@ -11414,7 +12330,7 @@ B B -=over +=over 4 =item Methods for headings @@ -11422,7 +12338,7 @@ B =back -=over +=over 4 =item Internal methods @@ -11438,7 +12354,7 @@ B<_create_index> B<_clean_latex_commands> -=over +=over 4 =item NOTES @@ -11454,19 +12370,21 @@ B<_clean_latex_commands> =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, release, -section +center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, quotes, +release, section =item DIAGNOSTICS -roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not `%s', Invalid link %s, Unknown escape -EE%sE, Unknown sequence %s, Unmatched =back +roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote +specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape +EE%sE, Unknown sequence %s, %s: Unknown command paragraph "%s" on +line %d, Unmatched =back =item BUGS @@ -11478,7 +12396,7 @@ EE%sE, Unknown sequence %s, Unmatched =back =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -11486,93 +12404,93 @@ EE%sE, Unknown sequence %s, Unmatched =back =back -=over +=over 4 =item Pod::List -new() +Pod::List-Enew() =back -file() +$list-Efile() -start() +$list-Estart() -indent() +$list-Eindent() -type() +$list-Etype() -rx() +$list-Erx() -item() +$list-Eitem() -parent() +$list-Eparent() -tag() +$list-Etag() -=over +=over 4 =item Pod::Hyperlink -new() +Pod::Hyperlink-Enew() =back -parse($string) +$link-Eparse($string) -markup($string) +$link-Emarkup($string) -text() +$link-Etext() -warning() +$link-Ewarning() -line(), file() +$link-Efile(), $link-Eline() -page() +$link-Epage() -node() +$link-Enode() -alttext() +$link-Ealttext() -type() +$link-Etype() -link() +$link-Elink() -=over +=over 4 =item Pod::Cache -new() +Pod::Cache-Enew() =back -item() +$cache-Eitem() -find_page($name) +$cache-Efind_page($name) -=over +=over 4 =item Pod::Cache::Item -new() +Pod::Cache::Item-Enew() =back -page() +$cacheitem-Epage() -description() +$cacheitem-Edescription() -path() +$cacheitem-Epath() -file() +$cacheitem-Efile() -nodes() +$cacheitem-Enodes() -find_node($name) +$cacheitem-Efind_node($name) -idx() +$cacheitem-Eidx() -=over +=over 4 =item AUTHOR @@ -11582,7 +12500,7 @@ idx() =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -11601,13 +12519,13 @@ B<-warnings> (default: unset) =back -=over +=over 4 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES =back -=over +=over 4 =item B @@ -11615,7 +12533,7 @@ C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para> =back -=over +=over 4 =item B @@ -11623,7 +12541,7 @@ C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para> =back -=over +=over 4 =item B @@ -11631,73 +12549,73 @@ C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para> =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING =back -=over +=over 4 =item B @@ -11707,109 +12625,109 @@ I|I =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item ACCESSOR METHODS =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA =back -=over +=over 4 =item B<_push_input_stream()> =back -=over +=over 4 =item B<_pop_input_stream()> =back -=over +=over 4 =item TREE-BASED PARSING @@ -11821,13 +12739,13 @@ I|I =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod. -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item EXPORT @@ -11842,7 +12760,7 @@ I|I =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from input -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -11858,55 +12776,55 @@ input =back -=over +=over 4 =item OBJECT METHODS =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS =back -=over +=over 4 =item B @@ -11914,31 +12832,31 @@ B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges> =back -=over +=over 4 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA =back -=over +=over 4 =item B<_compile_section_spec()> =back -=over +=over 4 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS} =back -=over +=over 4 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS} =back -=over +=over 4 =item SEE ALSO @@ -11948,18 +12866,19 @@ B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges> =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -alt, indent, loose, sentence, width +alt, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width =item DIAGNOSTICS -Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Unknown escape: %s, -Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back +Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Invalid quote +specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape: +%s, Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back =item RESTRICTIONS @@ -11973,7 +12892,24 @@ Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text -=over +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike +text + +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -11990,7 +12926,7 @@ Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII text with format escapes -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -12005,7 +12941,7 @@ text with format escapes =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod documentation -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -12018,7 +12954,7 @@ C<-pathlist> =item EXAMPLES -=over +=over 4 =item Recommended Use @@ -12034,17 +12970,29 @@ C<-pathlist> =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION +C, C, C + +=item DIAGNOSTICS + +=over 4 + +=item C + +=back + +=item BUGS AND WARNINGS + =back =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -12054,7 +13002,7 @@ a new namespace, an operator mask =item WARNING -=over +=over 4 =item RECENT CHANGES @@ -12077,7 +13025,7 @@ Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -12087,7 +13035,7 @@ Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -12097,13 +13045,13 @@ Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item The __DATA__ token @@ -12125,12 +13073,18 @@ Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION +=over 4 + +=item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX + +=back + =item AUTHOR =back @@ -12138,7 +13092,7 @@ Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -12152,9 +13106,95 @@ pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN =back +=head2 Storable - persistency for perl data structures + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item MEMORY STORE + +=item ADVISORY LOCKING + +=item SPEED + +=item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION + +=item ERROR REPORTING + +=item WIZARDS ONLY + +=over 4 + +=item Hooks + +C I, I, C I, I, +I, .. + +=item Predicates + +C, C, +C + +=item Recursion + +=item Deep Cloning + +=back + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item WARNING + +=item BUGS + +=item CREDITS + +=item TRANSLATIONS + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl + +=over 4 + +=item VERSION + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item BACKGROUND + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Allowing fall-through + +=item Automating fall-through + +=item Higher-order Operations + +=back + +=item DEPENDENCIES + +=item AUTHOR + +=item BUGS + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -12164,7 +13204,7 @@ pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -12177,7 +13217,7 @@ pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -12198,7 +13238,7 @@ closelog =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -12218,7 +13258,7 @@ closelog =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -12226,19 +13266,21 @@ closelog =item DIAGNOSTICS -Invalid attribute name %s, Identifier %s used only once: possible typo, No -comma allowed after filehandle, Bareword %s not allowed while "strict subs" -in use +Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No +comma allowed after filehandle, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict +subs" in use =item RESTRICTIONS +=item NOTES + =item AUTHORS =back =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -12250,7 +13292,7 @@ in use =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -12269,7 +13311,7 @@ EtabE, ^D, ^U, EdelE, EbsE =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C packages. If no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions. -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -12288,11 +13330,13 @@ C, C, C =item ENVIRONMENT +=item CAVEATS + =back -=head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts +=head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -12314,16 +13358,20 @@ NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item The test script output +B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B, +B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>, B, +B, B, B + =back =item EXPORT @@ -12333,10 +13381,14 @@ NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS C, C, C, C, C +%s>, C =item ENVIRONMENT +C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C + =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS @@ -12347,7 +13399,7 @@ C, C, C + +=item C + +=item C + +C $listref>, C $listref>, C $str>, +[0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5] + +=item C + +=item C + +[0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10] + +=item C and "here documents" + +[0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10] + +=item C + +=item C + +=item C + +=back + +=item DIAGNOSTICS + + C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C + +=item AUTHOR + +=item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -12368,12 +13489,6 @@ arrays =item EXAMPLES -0 a simple word, 1 multiple spaces are skipped because of our $delim, 2 use -of quotes to include a space in a word, 3 use of a backslash to include a -space in a word, 4 use of a backslash to remove the special meaning of a -double-quote, 5 another simple word (note the lack of effect of the -backslashed double-quote) - =item AUTHORS =back @@ -12381,7 +13496,7 @@ backslashed double-quote) =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described by Knuth -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -12398,7 +13513,7 @@ by Knuth =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and unexpand(1) -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -12412,7 +13527,7 @@ unexpand(1) =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -12427,7 +13542,7 @@ unexpand(1) =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change) -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -12441,7 +13556,7 @@ cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield =item METHODS -join, eval, detach, equal, tid +join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done =item LIMITATIONS @@ -12451,7 +13566,7 @@ join, eval, detach, equal, tid =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -12467,7 +13582,7 @@ new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -12481,7 +13596,7 @@ new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -12493,7 +13608,7 @@ new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -12503,11 +13618,11 @@ new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays -=over +=over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item SYNOPSIS -=item DESCRIPTION +=item DESCRIPTION TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index, FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this, @@ -12516,14 +13631,14 @@ SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST =item CAVEATS -=item AUTHOR +=item AUTHOR =back =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied handles -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -12536,11 +13651,13 @@ EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this =item MORE INFORMATION +=item COMPATIBILITY + =back =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -12557,7 +13674,7 @@ this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -12576,7 +13693,7 @@ this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied scalars -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -12590,7 +13707,7 @@ TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -12602,7 +13719,7 @@ TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -12617,7 +13734,7 @@ TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime() function -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -12632,7 +13749,7 @@ function =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime() function -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -12646,7 +13763,7 @@ function =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -12658,7 +13775,7 @@ function =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references) -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -12672,7 +13789,7 @@ VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL, METHOD ) =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -12687,13 +13804,13 @@ functions =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item System Specifics @@ -12711,11 +13828,11 @@ March 18th, 2000 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions @@ -12727,11 +13844,10 @@ Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME), Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(), Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE, -PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown(MACHINE, -MESSAGE, TIMEOUT, FORCECLOSE, REBOOT), Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), -Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME), Win32::LoginName(), -Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID, SIDTYPE), -Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE), +PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown, +Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME), +Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID, +SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE), Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(), Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY), Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS, @@ -12741,9 +13857,27 @@ PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME) =back +=head2 XS::Typemap - module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item NOTES + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -12758,7 +13892,7 @@ PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME) Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they don't all have manual pages yet: -=over +=over 4 =item a2p