X-Git-Url: http://git.shadowcat.co.uk/gitweb/gitweb.cgi?a=blobdiff_plain;f=pod%2Fperltoc.pod;h=97975b3a0abe9e4d0ff04513ce194371ef7877df;hb=b1866b2db57c4aa1ee77325f2658722f6a7befa2;hp=2f8f3a27afd2892ff74794256a57bbcb8eeb6c67;hpb=cb50131aab68ac6dda048612c6e853b8cb08701e;p=p5sagit%2Fp5-mst-13.2.git diff --git a/pod/perltoc.pod b/pod/perltoc.pod index 2f8f3a2..97975b3 100644 --- a/pod/perltoc.pod +++ b/pod/perltoc.pod @@ -95,8 +95,8 @@ line?, Why don't perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?, Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?, Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?, Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp], I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't -embed perl inmy C program, what am I doing wrong?, When I tried to run my -script, I got this message. What does itmean?, What's MakeMaker?, +embed perl in my C program, what am I doing wrong?, When I tried to run my +script, I got this message. What does it mean?, What's MakeMaker?, L: Data Manipulation, Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?, Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?, Does Perl have a round() @@ -116,15 +116,15 @@ How do I reformat a paragraph?, How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?, How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?, How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a string?, How do I capitalize all the words on one line?, How can I split a [character] -delimited string except when inside[character]? (Comma-separated files), +delimited string except when inside [character]? (Comma-separated files), How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?, How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?, How do I extract selected columns from a string?, How do I find the soundex value of a string?, How can I expand variables in text strings?, What's wrong with -always quoting "$vars"?, Why don't my EEHERE documents work?, What -is the difference between a list and an array?, What is the difference -between $array[1] and @array[1]?, How can I remove duplicate elements from -a list or array?, How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain +always quoting "$vars"?, Why don't my <*E?, Is -there a leak/bug in glob()?, How can I open a file with a leading "E" -or trailing blanks?, How can I reliably rename a file?, How can I lock a -file?, Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?, I still don't get locking. - I just want to increment the number in the file. How can I do this?, How -do I randomly update a binary file?, How do I get a file's timestamp in -perl?, How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?, How do I print to more -than one file at once?, How can I read in an entire file all at once?, How -can I read in a file by paragraphs?, How can I read a single character from -a file? From the keyboard?, How can I tell whether there's a character +I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?, Is there a +leak/bug in glob()?, How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing +blanks?, How can I reliably rename a file?, How can I lock a file?, Why +can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?, I still don't get locking. I just +want to increment the number in the file. How can I do this?, How do I +randomly update a binary file?, How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?, +How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?, How do I print to more than one +file at once?, How can I read in an entire file all at once?, How can I +read in a file by paragraphs?, How can I read a single character from a +file? From the keyboard?, How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?, How do I do a C in perl?, How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?, How do I close a file descriptor by number?, Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't `C:\temp\foo.exe` @@ -210,10 +210,10 @@ Array, Hash, Method, Regex}?, How do I create a static variable?, What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? Between local() and my()?, How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical is in scope?, What's the difference between deep and shallow -binding?, Why doesn't "my($foo) = EFILEE;" work right?, How do I -redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?, What's the difference -between calling a function as &foo and foo()?, How do I create a switch or -case statement?, How can I catch accesses to undefined +binding?, Why doesn't "my($foo) = ;" work right?, How do I redefine a +builtin function, operator, or method?, What's the difference between +calling a function as &foo and foo()?, How do I create a switch or case +statement?, How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?, Why can't a method included in this same file be found?, How can I find out my current package?, How can I comment out a large block of perl code?, How do I clear a package?, How can I use a @@ -301,6 +301,2323 @@ authors =back +=head2 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item BASIC DOCUMENTATION + +=over + +=item perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language + +SYNOPSIS, DESCRIPTION, AVAILABILITY, ENVIRONMENT, AUTHOR, FILES, SEE ALSO, +DIAGNOSTICS, BUGS, NOTES + +=item perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23 +20:38:02 $) + +DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=back + +=head2 perlbook - Perl book information + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Declarations + +=item Simple statements + +=item Compound statements + +=item Loop Control + +=item For Loops + +=item Foreach Loops + +=item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements + +=item Goto + +=item PODs: Embedded Documentation + +=item Plain Old Comments (Not!) + +=back + +=back + +=head2 perldata - Perl data types + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Variable names + +=item Context + +=item Scalar values + +=item Scalar value constructors + +=item List value constructors + +=item Slices + +=item Typeglobs and Filehandles + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Terms and List Operators (Leftward) + +=item The Arrow Operator + +=item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement + +=item Exponentiation + +=item Symbolic Unary Operators + +=item Binding Operators + +=item Multiplicative Operators + +=item Additive Operators + +=item Shift Operators + +=item Named Unary Operators + +=item Relational Operators + +=item Equality Operators + +=item Bitwise And + +=item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or + +=item C-style Logical And + +=item C-style Logical Or + +=item Range Operators + +=item Conditional Operator + +=item Assignment Operators + +=item Comma Operator + +=item List Operators (Rightward) + +=item Logical Not + +=item Logical And + +=item Logical or and Exclusive Or + +=item C Operators Missing From Perl + +unary &, unary *, (TYPE) + +=item Quote and Quote-like Operators + +=item Regexp Quote-Like Operators + +?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>, +qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/, +s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, +y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds + +=item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs + +Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation, +C<<<'EOF'>, C, C, C, C, C<''>, C, C<"">, +C<``>, C, C, C<< >>, C, C, C, +C,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of +regular expressions + +=item I/O Operators + +=item Constant Folding + +=item Bitwise String Operators + +=item Integer Arithmetic + +=item Floating-point Arithmetic + +=item Bigger Numbers + +=back + +=back + +=head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Private Variables via my() + +=item Persistent Private Variables + +=item Temporary Values via local() + +=item Lvalue subroutines + +=item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs) + +=item When to Still Use local() + +1. You need to give a global variable a temporary value, especially $_, 2. +You need to create a local file or directory handle or a local function, 3. +You want to temporarily change just one element of an array or hash + +=item Pass by Reference + +=item Prototypes + +=item Constant Functions + +=item Overriding Built-in Functions + +=item Autoloading + +=item Subroutine Attributes + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Perl Functions by Category + +Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching, +Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data, +Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed +length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories, +Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related +to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process +groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and +object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess +communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network +info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted +in perl5 + +=item Portability + +=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions + +I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept +NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, +binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, +bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, +chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, +chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE, +connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, +dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete +EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump, +each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, +exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl +FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, +fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, +getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam +NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname +NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr +ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, +getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, +getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent +STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, +endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, +getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, +goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, +import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl +FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, +last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, +link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, +lock, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, +mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, +msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR : +ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open +FILEHANDLE,MODE,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir +DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package +NAMESPACE, package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos +SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE +FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, +q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, +quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read +FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, +readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, +ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, +require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir +DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, +rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir +DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, +semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send +SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority +WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY, +shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, +shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep +EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair +SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST, +sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, +splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split +/PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, +sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, +study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr +EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr +EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen +FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread +FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek +FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite +FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, +syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie +VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate +FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, +ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack +TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST, +use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST, +values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn +LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y/// + +=back + +=back + +=head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures? + +=item The Solution + +=item Syntax + +=over + +=item Making References + +=item Using References + +=back + +=item An Example + +=item Arrow Rule + +=item Solution + +=item The Rest + +=item Summary + +=item Credits + +=over + +=item Distribution Conditions + +=back + +=back + +=head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes, +more elaborate constructs + +=item REFERENCES + +=item COMMON MISTAKES + +=item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE + +=item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C + +=item DEBUGGING + +=item CODE EXAMPLES + +=item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS + +=over + +=item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS + +=item Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS + +=item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS + +=back + +=item HASHES OF ARRAYS + +=over + +=item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS + +=item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS + +=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS + +=back + +=item ARRAYS OF HASHES + +=over + +=item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES + +=item Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES + +=item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES + +=back + +=item HASHES OF HASHES + +=over + +=item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES + +=item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES + +=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES + +=back + +=item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS + +=over + +=item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS + +=item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS + +=item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS + +=back + +=item Database Ties + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item The Guide + +=over + +=item Simple word matching + +=item Using character classes + +\d is a digit and represents [0-9], \s is a whitespace character and +represents [\ \t\r\n\f], \w is a word character (alphanumeric or _) and +represents [0-9a-zA-Z_], \D is a negated \d; it represents any character +but a digit [^0-9], \S is a negated \s; it represents any non-whitespace +character [^\s], \W is a negated \w; it represents any non-word character +[^\w], The period '.' matches any character but "\n" + +=item Matching this or that + +=item Grouping things and hierarchical matching + +=item Extracting matches + +=item Matching repetitions + +C = match 'a' 1 or 0 times, C = match 'a' 0 or more times, i.e., +any number of times, C = match 'a' 1 or more times, i.e., at least +once, C = match at least C times, but not more than C times, +C = match at least C or more times, C = match exactly C +times + +=item More matching + +=item Search and replace + +=item The split operator + +=back + +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=over + +=item Acknowledgments + +=back + +=back + +=head2 perlpod - plain old documentation + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Verbatim Paragraph + +=item Command Paragraph + +=item Ordinary Block of Text + +=item The Intent + +=item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules + +=item Common Pod Pitfalls + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Awk Traps + +=item C Traps + +=item Sed Traps + +=item Shell Traps + +=item Perl Traps + +=item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps + +Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical +Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts, +Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc, +Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps + +=item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps + +Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, +Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, +Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance + +=item Parsing Traps + +Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing + +=item Numerical Traps + +Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops + +=item General data type traps + +(Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String), +(Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide) + +=item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts + +(list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin) + +=item Precedence Traps + +Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, +Precedence + +=item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc. + +Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular +Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, +Regular Expression + +=item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps + +(Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle + +=item OS Traps + +(SysV), (SysV) + +=item Interpolation Traps + +Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, +Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation + +=item DBM Traps + +DBM, DBM + +=item Unclassified Traps + +C/C trap using returned value, C on empty string with +LIMIT specified + +=back + +=back + +=head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems + +OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS + +=item Location of Perl + +=item Command Switches + +B<-0>[I], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I, +B<-D>I, B<-D>I, B<-e> I, B<-F>I, +B<-h>, B<-i>[I], B<-I>I, B<-l>[I], +B<-m>[B<->]I, B<-M>[B<->]I, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>, +B<-[mM]>[B<->]I, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>, +B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>, +B<-x> I + +=back + +=item ENVIRONMENT + +HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL +(specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, +PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port) + +=back + +=head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings + +=item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W> + +=item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line + +B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X> + +=item Backward Compatibility + +=item Category Hierarchy + +=item Fatal Warnings + +=item Reporting Warnings from a Module + +=back + +=item TODO + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item use strict + +=item Looking at data and -w and w + +=item help + +=item Stepping through code + +=item Placeholder for a, w, t, T + +=item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS + +=item OUTPUT TIPS + +=item CGI + +=item GUIs + +=item SUMMARY + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=item CONTRIBUTORS + +=back + +=head2 perldebug - Perl debugging + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item The Perl Debugger + +=over + +=item Debugger Commands + +h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n +[expr], r, , c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, +-, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr, +b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname +[condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line] +command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O +option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >> +command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! +cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man [manpage] + +=item Configurable Options + +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C + +=item Debugger input/output + +Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame +listing + +=item Debugging compile-time statements + +=item Debugger Customization + +=item Readline Support + +=item Editor Support for Debugging + +=item The Perl Profiler + +=back + +=item Debugging regular expressions + +=item Debugging memory usage + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item BUGS + +=back + +=head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Predefined Names + +$ARG, $_, $>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $', +$LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, +input_line_number HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, +input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, +autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE +EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE +EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", +$SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE +EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR, +$FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR, +$FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, @-, C<$`> is the same as +C, C<$&> is the same as C, C<$'> is the same as C, C<$1> is the same +as C, C<$2> is the same as +C, C<$3> is the same as C, format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~, +format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^, +format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, +$:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, +$CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, +$EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, +$EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, +$EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, +$DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, +$OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, +0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, +$BASETIME, $^T, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, +${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC, +%ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr} + +=item Error Indicators + +=item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names + +=back + +=item BUGS + +=back + +=head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays + +=item Growing Your Own + +=item Access and Printing + +=item Slices + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Open E la shell + +=over + +=item Simple Opens + +=item Pipe Opens + +=item The Minus File + +=item Mixing Reads and Writes + +=item Filters + +=back + +=item Open E la C + +=over + +=item Permissions E la mode + +=back + +=item Obscure Open Tricks + +=over + +=item Re-Opening Files (dups) + +=item Dispelling the Dweomer + +=item Paths as Opens + +=item Single Argument Open + +=item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT + +=back + +=item Other I/O Issues + +=over + +=item Opening Non-File Files + +=item Binary Files + +=item File Locking + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT + +=item HISTORY + +=back + +=head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Part 1: The basics + +=over + +=item Simple word matching + +=item Using character classes + +\d is a digit and represents [0-9], \s is a whitespace character and +represents [\ \t\r\n\f], \w is a word character (alphanumeric or _) and +represents [0-9a-zA-Z_], \D is a negated \d; it represents any character +but a digit [^0-9], \S is a negated \s; it represents any non-whitespace +character [^\s], \W is a negated \w; it represents any non-word character +[^\w], The period '.' matches any character but "\n", no modifiers (//): +Default behavior. C<'.'> matches any character except C<"\n">. C<^> +matches only at the beginning of the string and C<$> matches only at the +end or before a newline at the end, s modifier (//s): Treat string as a +single long line. C<'.'> matches any character, even C<"\n">. C<^> +matches only at the beginning of the string and C<$> matches only at the +end or before a newline at the end, m modifier (//m): Treat string as a set +of multiple lines. C<'.'> matches any character except C<"\n">. C<^> and +C<$> are able to match at the start or end of I line within the +string, both s and m modifiers (//sm): Treat string as a single long line, +but detect multiple lines. C<'.'> matches any character, even C<"\n">. +C<^> and C<$>, however, are able to match at the start or end of I +line within the string + +=item Matching this or that + +=item Grouping things and hierarchical matching + +0 Start with the first letter in the string 'a', 1 Try the first +alternative in the first group 'abd', 2 Match 'a' followed by 'b'. So far +so good, 3 'd' in the regexp doesn't match 'c' in the string - a dead end. +So backtrack two characters and pick the second alternative in the first +group 'abc', 4 Match 'a' followed by 'b' followed by 'c'. We are on a roll +and have satisfied the first group. Set $1 to 'abc', 5 Move on to the +second group and pick the first alternative 'df', 6 Match the 'd', 7 'f' in +the regexp doesn't match 'e' in the string, so a dead end. Backtrack one +character and pick the second alternative in the second group 'd', 8 'd' +matches. The second grouping is satisfied, so set $2 to 'd', 9 We are at +the end of the regexp, so we are done! We have matched 'abcd' out of the +string "abcde" + +=item Extracting matches + +=item Matching repetitions + +C = match 'a' 1 or 0 times, C = match 'a' 0 or more times, i.e., +any number of times, C = match 'a' 1 or more times, i.e., at least +once, C = match at least C times, but not more than C times, +C = match at least C or more times, C = match exactly C +times, Principle 0: Taken as a whole, any regexp will be matched at the +earliest possible position in the string, Principle 1: In an alternation +C, the leftmost alternative that allows a match for the whole +regexp will be the one used, Principle 2: The maximal matching quantifiers +C, C<*>, C<+> and C<{n,m}> will in general match as much of the string +as possible while still allowing the whole regexp to match, Principle 3: If +there are two or more elements in a regexp, the leftmost greedy quantifier, +if any, will match as much of the string as possible while still allowing +the whole regexp to match. The next leftmost greedy quantifier, if any, +will try to match as much of the string remaining available to it as +possible, while still allowing the whole regexp to match. And so on, until +all the regexp elements are satisfied, C = match 'a' 0 or 1 times. Try +0 first, then 1, C = match 'a' 0 or more times, i.e., any number of +times, but as few times as possible, C = match 'a' 1 or more times, +i.e., at least once, but as few times as possible, C = match at +least C times, not more than C times, as few times as possible, +C = match at least C times, but as few times as possible, +C = match exactly C times. Because we match exactly C times, +C is equivalent to C and is just there for notational +consistency, Principle 3: If there are two or more elements in a regexp, +the leftmost greedy (non-greedy) quantifier, if any, will match as much +(little) of the string as possible while still allowing the whole regexp to +match. The next leftmost greedy (non-greedy) quantifier, if any, will try +to match as much (little) of the string remaining available to it as +possible, while still allowing the whole regexp to match. And so on, until +all the regexp elements are satisfied, 0 Start with the first letter in the +string 't', 1 The first quantifier '.*' starts out by matching the whole +string 'the cat in the hat', 2 'a' in the regexp element 'at' doesn't match +the end of the string. Backtrack one character, 3 'a' in the regexp +element 'at' still doesn't match the last letter of the string 't', so +backtrack one more character, 4 Now we can match the 'a' and the 't', 5 +Move on to the third element '.*'. Since we are at the end of the string +and '.*' can match 0 times, assign it the empty string, 6 We are done! + +=item Building a regexp + +specifying the task in detail,, breaking down the problem into smaller +parts,, translating the small parts into regexps,, combining the regexps,, +and optimizing the final combined regexp + +=item Using regular expressions in Perl + +=back + +=item Part 2: Power tools + +=over + +=item More on characters, strings, and character classes + +=item Compiling and saving regular expressions + +=item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression + +=item Non-capturing groupings + +=item Looking ahead and looking behind + +=item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking + +=item Conditional expressions + +=item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression + +=item Pragmas and debugging + +=back + +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=over + +=item Acknowledgments + +=back + +=back + +=head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +i, m, s, x + +=over + +=item Regular Expressions + +cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit + +=item Extended Patterns + +C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>, +C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?, C<(?{ +code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>, +C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)> + +=item Backtracking + +=item Version 8 Regular Expressions + +=item Warning on \1 vs $1 + +=item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring + +=item Combining pieces together + +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>, +C<(?!S)>, C<(?, C<(??{ EXPR })>, +C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)> + +=item Creating custom RE engines + +=back + +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures + +=over + +=item NOTE + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Making References + +=item Using References + +=item Symbolic references + +=item Not-so-symbolic references + +=item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash + +=item Function Templates + +=back + +=item WARNING + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlform - Perl formats + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Format Variables + +=back + +=item NOTES + +=over + +=item Footers + +=item Accessing Formatting Internals + +=back + +=item WARNINGS + +=back + +=head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item If we could talk to the animals... + +=item Introducing the method invocation arrow + +=item Invoking a barnyard + +=item The extra parameter of method invocation + +=item Calling a second method to simplify things + +=item Inheriting the windpipes + +=item A few notes about @ISA + +=item Overriding the methods + +=item Starting the search from a different place + +=item The SUPER way of doing things + +=item Where we're at so far... + +=item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it? + +=item Invoking an instance method + +=item Accessing the instance data + +=item How to build a horse + +=item Inheriting the constructor + +=item Making a method work with either classes or instances + +=item Adding parameters to a method + +=item More interesting instances + +=item A horse of a different color + +=item Summary + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Creating a Class + +=over + +=item Object Representation + +=item Class Interface + +=item Constructors and Instance Methods + +=item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors + +=item Destructors + +=item Other Object Methods + +=back + +=item Class Data + +=over + +=item Accessing Class Data + +=item Debugging Methods + +=item Class Destructors + +=item Documenting the Interface + +=back + +=item Aggregation + +=item Inheritance + +=over + +=item Overridden Methods + +=item Multiple Inheritance + +=item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects + +=back + +=item Alternate Object Representations + +=over + +=item Arrays as Objects + +=item Closures as Objects + +=back + +=item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods + +=over + +=item Autoloaded Data Methods + +=item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods + +=back + +=item Metaclassical Tools + +=over + +=item Class::Struct + +=item Data Members as Variables + +=item NOTES + +=item Object Terminology + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=over + +=item Acknowledgments + +=back + +=back + +=head2 perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Class Data as Package Variables + +=over + +=item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket + +=item Inheritance Concerns + +=item The Eponymous Meta-Object + +=item Indirect References to Class Data + +=item Monadic Classes + +=item Translucent Attributes + +=back + +=item Class Data as Lexical Variables + +=over + +=item Privacy and Responsibility + +=item File-Scoped Lexicals + +=item More Inheritance Concerns + +=item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key + +=item Translucency Revisited + +=back + +=item NOTES + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS + +=item HISTORY + +=back + +=head2 perlobj - Perl objects + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item An Object is Simply a Reference + +=item A Class is Simply a Package + +=item A Method is Simply a Subroutine + +=item Method Invocation + +=item WARNING + +=item Default UNIVERSAL methods + +isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ) + +=item Destructors + +=item Summary + +=item Two-Phased Garbage Collection + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT) + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item OO SCALING TIPS + +=item INSTANCE VARIABLES + +=item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES + +=item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE + +=item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS + +=item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS + +=item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM + +=item THINKING OF CODE REUSE + +=item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT + +=item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR + +=item DELEGATION + +=back + +=head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Tying Scalars + +TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this + +=item Tying Arrays + +TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value, +DESTROY this + +=item Tying Hashes + +USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE +this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY +this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this + +=item Tying FileHandles + +TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, +LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, DESTROY this + +=item The C Gotcha + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, +safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores) + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Signals + +=item Named Pipes + +=over + +=item WARNING + +=back + +=item Using open() for IPC + +=over + +=item Filehandles + +=item Background Processes + +=item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent + +=item Safe Pipe Opens + +=item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process + +=item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself + +=back + +=item Sockets: Client/Server Communication + +=over + +=item Internet Line Terminators + +=item Internet TCP Clients and Servers + +=item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers + +=back + +=item TCP Clients with IO::Socket + +=over + +=item A Simple Client + +C, C, C + +=item A Webget Client + +=item Interactive Client with IO::Socket + +=back + +=item TCP Servers with IO::Socket + +Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse + +=item UDP: Message Passing + +=item SysV IPC + +=item NOTES + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes + +$$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept +filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to +files, directories and network sockets + +=item Resource limits + +=item Killing the parent process + +=item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes + +=item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS + +BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented, +Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger +application, Thread-safety of extensions + +=back + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Storing numbers + +=item Numeric operators and numeric conversions + +=item Flavors of Perl numeric operations + +Arithmetic operators except, C, Arithmetic operators except, +C, Bitwise operators, C, Bitwise operators, C, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a +string + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item What Is A Thread Anyway? + +=item Threaded Program Models + +=over + +=item Boss/Worker + +=item Work Crew + +=item Pipeline + +=back + +=item Native threads + +=item What kind of threads are perl threads? + +=item Threadsafe Modules + +=item Thread Basics + +=over + +=item Basic Thread Support + +=item Creating Threads + +=item Giving up control + +=item Waiting For A Thread To Exit + +=item Errors In Threads + +=item Ignoring A Thread + +=back + +=item Threads And Data + +=over + +=item Shared And Unshared Data + +=item Thread Pitfall: Races + +=item Controlling access: lock() + +=item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks + +=item Queues: Passing Data Around + +=back + +=item Threads And Code + +=over + +=item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access + +Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores + +=item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines + +=item Subroutine Locks + +=item Methods + +=item Locking A Subroutine + +=back + +=item General Thread Utility Routines + +=over + +=item What Thread Am I In? + +=item Thread IDs + +=item Are These Threads The Same? + +=item What Threads Are Running? + +=back + +=item A Complete Example + +=item Conclusion + +=item Bibliography + +=over + +=item Introductory Texts + +=item OS-Related References + +=item Other References + +=back + +=item Acknowledgements + +=item AUTHOR + +=item Copyrights + +=back + +=head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I +portable + +=item ISSUES + +=over + +=item Newlines + +=item Numbers endianness and Width + +=item Files and Filesystems + +=item System Interaction + +=item Interprocess Communication (IPC) + +=item External Subroutines (XS) + +=item Standard Modules + +=item Time and Date + +=item Character sets and character encoding + +=item Internationalisation + +=item System Resources + +=item Security + +=item Style + +=back + +=item CPAN Testers + +Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results: +http://testers.cpan.org/ + +=item PLATFORMS + +=over + +=item Unix + +=item DOS and Derivatives + +Build instructions for OS/2, L + +=item S + +=item VMS + +=item VOS + +=item EBCDIC Platforms + +=item Acorn RISC OS + +=item Other perls + +=back + +=item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS + +=over + +=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions + +-I FILEHANDLE, -I EXPR, -I, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode +FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt +PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec +LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, +getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, +getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr +ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, +getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, +setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, +setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, +endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, +ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, +lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, +msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, +open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, +select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget +KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP, +setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt +SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, +shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, socketpair +SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, +symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen +FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate +FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST, +wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS + +=back + +=item CHANGES + +v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999, +v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May +1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December +1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August +1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, +v1.23, 10 July 1998 + +=item Supported Platforms + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS + +=item VERSION + +=back + +=head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and +localization) + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES + +=item USING LOCALES + +=over + +=item The use locale pragma + +=item The setlocale function + +=item Finding locales + +=item LOCALE PROBLEMS + +=item Temporarily fixing locale problems + +=item Permanently fixing locale problems + +=item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration + +=item Fixing system locale configuration + +=item The localeconv function + +=back + +=item LOCALE CATEGORIES + +=over + +=item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation + +=item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types + +=item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting + +=item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts + +=item LC_TIME + +=item Other categories + +=back + +=item SECURITY + +B (C, C, C, C and C):, +B (with C<\l>, C<\L>, C<\u> or C<\U>), +B (C):, B (C):, +B (printf() and write()):, B (lc(), lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, B (localeconv(), strcoll(), strftime(), strxfrm()):, B (isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(), isgraph(), +islower(), isprint(), ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(), isxdigit()): + +=item ENVIRONMENT + +PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, +LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG + +=item NOTES + +=over + +=item Backward compatibility + +=item I18N:Collate obsolete + +=item Sort speed and memory use impacts + +=item write() and LC_NUMERIC + +=item Freely available locale definitions + +=item I18n and l10n + +=item An imperfect standard + +=back + +=item BUGS + +=over + +=item Broken systems + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item HISTORY + +=back + +=head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Important Caveat + +Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C still needed +to enable a few features + +=item Byte and Character semantics + +=item Effects of character semantics + +=item Character encodings for input and output + +=back + +=item CAVEATS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS + +=over + +=item ASCII + +=item ISO 8859 + +=item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1) + +=item EBCDIC + +=item 13 variant characters + +=item 0037 + +=item 1047 + +=item POSIX-BC + +=back + +=item SINGLE OCTET TABLES + +recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4 + +=item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS + +=item CONVERSIONS + +=item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES + +=item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES + +chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack() + +=item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES + +=item SOCKETS + +=item SORTING + +=over + +=item Ignore ASCII vs EBCDIC sort differences. + +=item MONOCASE then sort data. + +=item Convert, sort data, then reconvert. + +=item Perform sorting on one type of machine only. + +=back + +=item URL ENCODING and DECODING + +=item I18N AND L10N + +=item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS + +=item OS ISSUES + +=over + +=item OS/400 + +IFS access + +=item OS/390 + +dataset access, locales + +=item VM/ESA? + +=item POSIX-BC? + +=back + +=item REFERENCES + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 perlsec - Perl security + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data + +=item Switches On the "#!" Line + +=item Cleaning Up Your Path + +=item Security Bugs + +=item Protecting Your Programs + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables) + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Packages + +=item Symbol Tables + +=item Package Constructors and Destructors + +=item Perl Classes + +=item Perl Modules + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY + +=over + +=item Pragmatic Modules + +attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, +diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, lib, locale, open, ops, +overload, re, sigtrap, strict, subs, utf8, vars, warnings + +=item Standard Modules + +AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, +B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, +B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, +CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, +CGI::Switch, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, +Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, +English, Env, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, +ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, +ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, +ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, +ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, +ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree, +File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path, +File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, +File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, +File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, +I18N::Collate, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, +Math::Complex, Math::Trig, NDBM_File, Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent, +Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, +Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, +Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Termcap, +Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, +Socket, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, +Test, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, +Text::Wrap, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, +Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, +UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent + +=item Extension Modules + +=back + +=item CPAN + +Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating +System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess +Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces, +User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages, +File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String +Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option, +Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing, +Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption, +World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities, +Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, +and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and +exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities, +Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Central America, Europe, +North America, South America + +=item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse + +=over + +=item Guidelines for Module Creation + +Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new +module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select +what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?, +README and other Additional Files, A description of the +module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites +- what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to +Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release, +especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in +the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a +version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take +care when changing a released module + +=item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules + +There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications, +Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started, +Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from ' +to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes + +=item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code + +Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many +applications contain some Perl code that could be reused, Break-out the +reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity +to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application' +can then be reduced to a small + +=back + +=item NOTE + +=back + +=head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item PREAMBLE + +B the file, B the file into a directory, B the +module (sometimes unnecessary), B the module + +=back + +=item PORTABILITY + +=item HEY + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Warning + +=item What should I make into a module? + +=item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground + +Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again + +=item Step-by-step: Making the module + +Start with F, Use L and L, Use +L, Use L - wisely!, Use L, Write tests, Write the README + +=item Step-by-step: Distributing your module + +Get a CPAN user ID, C, Upload the +tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs! + +=back + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $) @@ -382,10 +2699,7 @@ What does CPAN/src/... mean? =item Perl Books -References, Tutorials - *Learning Perl [2nd edition] - by Randal L. Schwartz and Tom Christiansen - with foreword by Larry Wall, Task-Oriented, Special Topics +References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics =item Perl in Magazines @@ -585,7 +2899,7 @@ string? =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"? -=item Why don't my EEHERE documents work? +=item Why don't my <*E? +=item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>? =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()? -=item How can I open a file with a leading "E" or trailing blanks? +=item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks? =item How can I reliably rename a file? @@ -911,7 +3224,7 @@ is in scope? =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding? -=item Why doesn't "my($foo) = EFILEE;" work right? +=item Why doesn't "my($foo) = ;" work right? =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method? @@ -1032,8 +3345,6 @@ complete? =item How do I fork a daemon process? -=item How do I make my program run with sh and csh? - =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not? =item How do I timeout a slow event? @@ -1125,577 +3436,580 @@ CGI script to do bad things? =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file? -=item How can I do RPC in Perl? +=item How can I do RPC in Perl? + +=back + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator + +=over + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Layout + +B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref + +=back + +=item Using The Back Ends + +=over + +=item The Cross Referencing Back End + +i, &, s, r + +=item The Decompiling Back End + +=item The Lint Back End + +=item The Simple C Back End + +=item The Bytecode Back End + +=item The Optimized C Back End + +B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, +B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, +B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref =back -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item KNOWN PROBLEMS + +=item AUTHOR =back -=head2 perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6 (as of v5.005_64) +=head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program =over =item DESCRIPTION -=item Incompatible Changes - =over -=item Perl Source Incompatibilities +=item PREAMBLE -CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed, -Possibly changed pseudo-random number generator, Hashing function for hash -keys has changed, C fails on read only values, Close-on-exec bit may -be set on pipe() handles, Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is -unsupported, delete(), values() and C<\(%h)> operate on aliases to values, -not copies, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS, Text of some -diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed, Parenthesized not() -behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword prototype C<(*)> have -changed +B, B, B, B, B -=item C Source Incompatibilities +=item ROADMAP -C, C, C +=item Compiling your C program -=item Compatible C Source API Changes +=item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program + +=item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program -C is now C, Support for C++ exceptions +=item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program -=item Binary Incompatibilities +=item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program + +=item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program + +=item Maintaining a persistent interpreter + +=item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances + +=item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C +program =back -=item Installation and Configuration Improvements +=item Embedding Perl under Windows -=over +=item MORAL -=item New Configure flags +=item AUTHOR -=item -Dusethreads and -Duse64bits now more daring +=item COPYRIGHT -=item Long Doubles +=back -=item -Dusemorebits +=head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging -=item -Duselargefiles +=over -=item installusrbinperl +=item DESCRIPTION -=item SOCKS support +=item Debugger Internals -=item C<-A> flag +=over -=item Enhanced Installation Directories +=item Writing Your Own Debugger =back -=item Core Changes +=item Frame Listing Output Examples + +=item Debugging regular expressions =over -=item Unicode and UTF-8 support +=item Compile-time output -=item Interpreter threads +C I C I, C I C +I, C, C, C +I, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C -=item Lexically scoped warning categories +=item Types of nodes -=item Lvalue subroutines +=item Run-time output -=item "our" declarations +=back -=item Weak references +=item Debugging Perl memory usage -=item File globbing implemented internally +=over -=item Binary numbers supported +=item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}> -=item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references +C, Free/Used, C, C, C, C, C -=item exists() is supported on subroutine names +=item Example of using B<-DL> switch -=item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements +C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704> -=item syswrite() ease-of-use +=item B<-DL> details -=item File and directory handles can be autovivified +C, C, C -=item 64-bit support +=item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics -=item Large file support +=back -=item Long doubles +=item SEE ALSO -=item "more bits" +=back -=item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines +=head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs -=item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators +=over -=item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Improved C operator +=item SPECIAL NOTES -=item pack() format 'Z' supported +=over -=item pack() format modifier '!' supported +=item make -=item pack() and unpack() support counted strings +=item Version caveat -=item Comments in pack() templates +=item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading -=item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character +=back -=item C implicit in subroutine attributes +=item TUTORIAL -=item Regular expression improvements +=over -=item Overloading improvements +=item EXAMPLE 1 -=item open() with more than two arguments +=item EXAMPLE 2 -=item Support for interpolating named characters +=item What has gone on? -=item Experimental support for user-hooks in @INC +=item Writing good test scripts -=item C and C may be overridden +=item EXAMPLE 3 -=item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch +=item What's new here? -=item Optional Y2K warnings +=item Input and Output Parameters -=back +=item The XSUBPP Program -=item Significant bug fixes +=item The TYPEMAP file -=over +=item Warning about Output Arguments -=item EHANDLEE on empty files +=item EXAMPLE 4 -=item C improvements +=item What has happened here? -=item All compilation errors are true errors +=item Anatomy of .xs file -=item Automatic flushing of output buffers +=item Getting the fat out of XSUBs -=item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations +=item More about XSUB arguments -=item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle +=item The Argument Stack -=item eof() has the same old magic as <> +=item Extending your Extension -=item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure +=item Documenting your Extension -=item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer +=item Installing your Extension -=item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}> +=item EXAMPLE 5 -=item Pseudo-hashes work better +=item New Things in this Example -=item C and AUTOLOAD +=item EXAMPLE 6 -=item C<-bareword> allowed under C +=item New Things in this Example -=item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues +=item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon) -=item C allowed +=item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon) -=item Failures in DESTROY() +=item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon) -=item Locale bugs fixed +=item Troubleshooting these Examples -=item Memory leaks +=back -=item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls +=item See also -=item Consistent numeric conversions +=item Author -=item Taint failures under C<-U> +=over -=item END blocks and the C<-c> switch +=item Last Changed -=item Potential to leak DATA filehandles +=back -=item Diagnostics follow STDERR +=back -=item Other fixes for better diagnostics +=head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual -=back +=over -=item Performance enhancements +=item DESCRIPTION =over -=item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized +=item Introduction -=item Optimized assignments to lexical variables +=item On The Road -=item Method lookups optimized +=item The Anatomy of an XSUB -=item Faster mechanism to invoke XSUBs +=item The Argument Stack -=item Perl_malloc() improvements +=item The RETVAL Variable -=item Faster subroutine calls +=item The MODULE Keyword -=back +=item The PACKAGE Keyword -=item Platform specific changes +=item The PREFIX Keyword -=over +=item The OUTPUT: Keyword -=item Additional supported platforms +=item The CODE: Keyword -=item DOS +=item The INIT: Keyword -=item OS/2 +=item The NO_INIT Keyword -=item VMS +=item Initializing Function Parameters -=item Win32 +=item Default Parameter Values -=back +=item The PREINIT: Keyword -=item New tests +=item The SCOPE: Keyword -=item Modules and Pragmata +=item The INPUT: Keyword -=over +=item Variable-length Parameter Lists -=item Modules +=item The C_ARGS: Keyword -attributes, B, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper, DB, DB_File, -Devel::DProf, Dumpvalue, Benchmark, Devel::Peek, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, -Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec, -File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt, -Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, -Time::Local, Win32, DBM Filters +=item The PPCODE: Keyword -=item Pragmata +=item Returning Undef And Empty Lists -=back +=item The REQUIRE: Keyword -=item Utility Changes +=item The CLEANUP: Keyword -=over +=item The BOOT: Keyword -=item h2ph +=item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword -=item perlcc +=item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword -=item h2xs +=item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword -=back +=item The ALIAS: Keyword -=item Documentation Changes +=item The INTERFACE: Keyword -perlapi.pod, perlcompile.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod, perlintern.pod, -perlopentut.pod, perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod +=item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword -=item New or Changed Diagnostics +=item The INCLUDE: Keyword -"%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet -implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s, -/ cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed -by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape -\\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class -passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too -early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s -argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a -subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: -%s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad -evalled substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Binary number > -0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector size > 32 -non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check filesystem -of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s", Can't -declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default, Can't -modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't remove -%s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't weaken -a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class syntax [%s] -belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference, -constant(%s): %%^H is not localized, constant(%s): %s, defined(@array) is -deprecated, defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, -Did you mean "local" instead of "our"?, Document contains no data, entering -effective %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened -only for output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" -requires explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff -non-portable, Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in -prime_env_iter: |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s -ignored, Illegal number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, -Invalid %s attribute: %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" -in regexp, Invalid separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid -separator character %s in subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s -failed, Lvalue subs returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not -permitted, Missing %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, -Missing name in "my sub", No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed -for variable %s in "our", No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset -information; assuming local time is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 -non-portable, panic: del_backref, panic: kid popen errno read, panic: -magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing around "%s" list, Possible Y2K bug: -%s, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows, Repeat -count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored, Reference is -already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on zero-length -expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This Perl can't -reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements -(%s=%s), Unknown open() mode '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to -prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated -attribute parameter in attribute list, Unterminated attribute list, -Unterminated attribute parameter in subroutine attribute list, Unterminated -subroutine attribute list, Value of CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version -number must be a constant number +=item The CASE: Keyword + +=item The & Unary Operator + +=item Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives + +=item Using XS With C++ + +=item Interface Strategy -=item Obsolete Diagnostics +=item Perl Objects And C Structures -Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed -logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, regexp too big, Use of "$$" to -mean "${$}" is deprecated +=item The Typemap -=item BUGS +=back -=item SEE ALSO +=item EXAMPLES -=item HISTORY +=item XS VERSION + +=item AUTHOR =back -=head2 perldata - Perl data types +=head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API =over =item DESCRIPTION +=item Variables + =over -=item Variable names +=item Datatypes -=item Context +=item What is an "IV"? -=item Scalar values +=item Working with SVs -=item Scalar value constructors +=item What's Really Stored in an SV? -=item List value constructors +=item Working with AVs -=item Slices +=item Working with HVs -=item Typeglobs and Filehandles +=item Hash API Extensions -=back +=item References -=item SEE ALSO +=item Blessed References and Class Objects -=back +=item Creating New Variables -=head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax +=item Reference Counts and Mortality -=over +=item Stashes and Globs -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Double-Typed SVs -=over +=item Magic Variables -=item Declarations +=item Assigning Magic -=item Simple statements +=item Magic Virtual Tables -=item Compound statements +=item Finding Magic -=item Loop Control +=item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays -=item For Loops +=item Localizing changes -=item Foreach Loops +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C -=item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements +=back -=item Goto +=item Subroutines -=item PODs: Embedded Documentation +=over -=item Plain Old Comments (Not!) +=item XSUBs and the Argument Stack -=back +=item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs -=back +=item Memory Allocation -=head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence +=item PerlIO -=over +=item Putting a C value on Perl stack -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Scratchpads -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Scratchpads and recursion -=over +=back -=item Terms and List Operators (Leftward) +=item Compiled code -=item The Arrow Operator +=over -=item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement +=item Code tree -=item Exponentiation +=item Examining the tree -=item Symbolic Unary Operators +=item Compile pass 1: check routines -=item Binding Operators +=item Compile pass 1a: constant folding -=item Multiplicative Operators +=item Compile pass 2: context propagation -=item Additive Operators +=item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization -=item Shift Operators +=back -=item Named Unary Operators +=item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported -=item Relational Operators +=over -=item Equality Operators +=item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT -=item Bitwise And +=item How do I use all this in extensions? -=item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or +=item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS -=item C-style Logical And +=back -=item C-style Logical Or +=item Internal Functions -=item Range Operators +A, p, d, s, n, r, f, m, o, j, x -=item Conditional Operator +=over -=item Assignment Operators +=item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs -=item Comma Operator +=item Source Documentation -=item List Operators (Rightward) +=back -=item Logical Not +=item Unicode Support -=item Logical And +=over -=item Logical or and Exclusive Or +=item What B Unicode, anyway? -=item C Operators Missing From Perl +=item How can I recognise a UTF8 string? -unary &, unary *, (TYPE) +=item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters? -=item Quote and Quote-like Operators +=item How does Perl store UTF8 strings? -=item Regexp Quote-Like Operators +=item How do I convert a string to UTF8? -?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>, -qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/, -s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cdsUC, -y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cdsUC +=item Is there anything else I need to know? -=item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs +=back -Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation, -C<<<'EOF'>, C, C, C, C, C<''>, C, C<"">, -C<``>, C, C, C<>, C, C, C, -C,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of -regular expressions +=item AUTHORS -=item I/O Operators +=item SEE ALSO -=item Constant Folding +=back -=item Bitwise String Operators +=head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C -=item Integer Arithmetic +=over -=item Floating-point Arithmetic +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Bigger Numbers +An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program -=back +=item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS -=back +call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv -=head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions +=item FLAG VALUES =over -=item DESCRIPTION +=item G_VOID -i, m, s, x +=item G_SCALAR -=over +=item G_ARRAY -=item Regular Expressions +=item G_DISCARD -cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit +=item G_NOARGS -=item Extended Patterns +=item G_EVAL -C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>, -C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?E=pattern)>, C<(?, C<(?{ -code })>, C<(?p{ code })>, C<(?Epattern)>, -C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)> +=item G_KEEPERR -=item Backtracking +=item Determining the Context -=item Version 8 Regular Expressions +=back -=item Warning on \1 vs $1 +=item KNOWN PROBLEMS -=item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring +=item EXAMPLES -=item Combining pieces together +=over -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C<(?ES)>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>, -C<(?!S)>, C<(?, C<(?p{ EXPR })>, -C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)> +=item No Parameters, Nothing returned -=item Creating custom RE engines +=item Passing Parameters -=back +=item Returning a Scalar -=item BUGS +=item Returning a list of values -=item SEE ALSO +=item Returning a list in a scalar context -=back +=item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list -=head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter +=item Using G_EVAL -=over +=item Using G_KEEPERR -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Using call_sv -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Using call_argv -=over +=item Using call_method -=item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems +=item Using GIMME_V -OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS +=item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries -=item Location of Perl +=item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information -=item Command Switches +1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of +callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl +callback -B<-0>[I], B<-a>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I, B<-D>I, -B<-D>I, B<-e> I, B<-F>I, B<-h>, -B<-i>[I], B<-I>I, B<-l>[I], -B<-m>[B<->]I, B<-M>[B<->]I, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>, -B<-[mM]>[B<->]I, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>, -B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>, -B<-x> I +=item Alternate Stack Manipulation + +=item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C =back -=item ENVIRONMENT +=item SEE ALSO -HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL -(specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL +=item AUTHOR + +=item DATE =back -=head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions +=head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution =over @@ -1703,144 +4017,61 @@ HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL =over -=item Perl Functions by Category - -Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching, -Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data, -Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed -length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories, -Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related -to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process -groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and -object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess -communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network -info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted -in perl5 +=item DOCUMENTATION -=item Portability +L, L and L, +L and L, L, +L, L, L, +L -=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions +=item CONVERTORS -I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept -NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, -binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, -chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, -chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, -close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue -BLOCK, cos EXPR, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen -HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, -do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, -eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists -EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno -FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline -PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp -PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, -gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, -getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, -getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport -PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, -getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, -setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, -endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt -SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, -goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index -STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl -FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, -last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, -link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, -lock, log EXPR, log, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK -LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget -KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, my EXPR, my -EXPR : ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open -FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir -DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package, -package NAMESPACE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, -pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, -LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, -qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, -rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read -FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, -readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, -ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, -reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex -STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar -EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select -FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl -ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send -SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority -WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY, -shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, -shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep -EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair -SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST, -sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, -splice ARRAY,OFFSET, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, -split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, -srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, -sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr -EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall -LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen -FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, -sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, -system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, -syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell -FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied -VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate -EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef -EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, -unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module LIST, use Module, use Module VERSION LIST, -use VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid -PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y/// +L, L, L + +=item Development + +L, L, L and L, +L, L, L + +=item SEE ALSO =back =back -=head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables +=head2 perlfilter - Source Filters =over =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=item CONCEPTS -=item Predefined Names +=item USING FILTERS -$ARG, $_, $EIE, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $', -$LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, input_line_number -HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, input_record_separator HANDLE -EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE EXPR, -$OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE EXPR, -$OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, -$OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", -$SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE -EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR, -$FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR, -$FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @-, format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~, -format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^, -format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, -$:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, -$CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, -$EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, -$EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, -$EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $PERL_VERSION, $], -$COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, -$INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, -0x08, 0x10, 0x20, $^R, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, -$EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, -%SIG, $SIG{expr} +=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER -=item Error Indicators +=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C -=item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names +B -=back +=item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE -=item BUGS +=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL + +=item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER + +=item CONCLUSION + +=item REQUIREMENTS + +=item AUTHOR + +=item Copyrights =back -=head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines +=head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters =over @@ -1848,1909 +4079,2035 @@ $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, =item DESCRIPTION -=over - -=item Private Variables via my() +B, B, B, +B -=item Persistent Private Variables +=over -=item Temporary Values via local() +=item The Filter -=item Lvalue subroutines +=item An Example -- the NULL termination problem. -=item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs) +=item Another Example -- Key is a C int. -=item When to Still Use local() +=back -1. You need to give a global variable a temporary value, especially $_, 2. -You need to create a local file or directory handle or a local function, 3. -You want to temporarily change just one element of an array or hash +=item SEE ALSO -=item Pass by Reference +=item AUTHOR -=item Prototypes +=back -=item Constant Functions +=head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API -=item Overriding Built-in Functions +=over -=item Autoloading +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Subroutine Attributes +AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill, +av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, +bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, CLASS, Copy, +croak, CvSTASH, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, +eval_sv, EXTEND, fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, get_av, get_cv, get_hv, +get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, +gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, +G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, +HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, +hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, +hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, +hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, +isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, looks_like_number, +MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, +mg_set, Move, New, newAV, Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, +NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVrv, newSVsv, +newSVuv, newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, +ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, +perl_run, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_modglobal, +PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, POPs, +PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, +require_pv, RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, +strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy, +SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_off, +SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, +SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, +SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPV, SvPVX, SvPV_force, +SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, +SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, +SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, svtype, SvTYPE, SVt_IV, +SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUPGRADE, SvUV, +SvUVX, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, +sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, +sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_free, sv_gets, +sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, +sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvutf8n_force, +sv_reftype, sv_replace, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, +sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, +sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, +sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, +sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, +sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_vcatpvfn, +sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, U8 *s, utf8_to_bytes, warn, XPUSHi, +XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, +XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, +XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, +XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero -=back +=item AUTHORS =item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables) +=head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B + Perl functions =over =item DESCRIPTION +is_gv_magical + +=item AUTHORS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface. + =over -=item Packages +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Symbol Tables +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Package Constructors and Destructors +B, B, B, B, +B, B, +B, B, +B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B -=item Perl Classes +=over -=item Perl Modules +=item Co-existence with stdio -=back +B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B -=item SEE ALSO +=back =back -=head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones +=head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List =over =item DESCRIPTION -=item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY +=item Infrastructure =over -=item Pragmatic Modules - -attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, caller, charnames, constant, -diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, lib, locale, ops, overload, -re, sigtrap, strict, subs, utf8, vars, warnings +=item Mailing list archives -=item Standard Modules +=item Bug tracking system -AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, -B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, -B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, -CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, -CGI::Switch, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, -Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Data::Dumper, Devel::DProf, -Devel::Peek, Devel::SelfStubber, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English, -Env, Errno, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Embed, -ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, -ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, -ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, -ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, -ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree, -File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Glob, -File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, -File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, -File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin, GDBM_File, Getopt::Long, -Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IO, IO::Dir, IO::File, IO::Handle, IO::Pipe, -IO::Poll, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IO::Socket::INET, -IO::Socket::UNIX, IPC::Msg, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, IPC::Semaphore, -IPC::SysV, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, -Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, -Opcode, POSIX, Pod::Checker, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Man, -Pod::Parser, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Usage, -SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, -Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, -Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, Text::ParseWords, -Text::Soundex, Text::Wrap, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, -Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, -Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent +=item Regression Tests -=item Extension Modules +Coverage, Regression, __DIE__, suidperl, The 25% slowdown from perl4 to +perl5 =back -=item CPAN - -Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating -System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess -Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces, -User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages, -File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String -Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option, -Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing, -Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption, -World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities, -Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, -and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and -exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities, -Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Central America, Europe, -North America, South America - -=item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse +=item Configure =over -=item Guidelines for Module Creation +=item Install HTML -Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new -module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select -what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?, -README and other Additional Files, A description of the -module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites -- what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to -Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release, -especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in -the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a -version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take -care when changing a released module +=back -=item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules +=item Perl Language -There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications, -Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started, -Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from ' -to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes +=over -=item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code +=item our ($var) -Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many -applications contain some Perl code that could be reused, Break-out the -reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity -to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application' -can then be reduced to a small +=item 64-bit Perl -=back +=item Prototypes -=item NOTE +Named prototypes, Indirect objects, Method calls, Context, Scoped subs =back -=head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules +=item Perl Internals =over -=item DESCRIPTION +=item magic_setisa -=over +=item Garbage Collection -=item PREAMBLE +=item Reliable signals -B the file, B the file into a directory, B the -module (sometimes unnecessary), B the module +Alternate runops() for signal despatch, Figure out how to die() in delayed +sighandler, Add tests for Thread::Signal, Automatic tests against CPAN -=back +=item Interpolated regex performance bugs -=item HEY +=item Memory leaks from failed eval/regcomp -=item AUTHOR +=item Make XS easier to use -=item COPYRIGHT +=item Make embedded Perl easier to use -=back +=item Namespace cleanup -=head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation +=item MULTIPLICITY -=over +=item MacPerl -=item SYNOPSIS +=back -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Documentation =over -=item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes +=item A clear division into tutorial and reference -$$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept -filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to -files, directories and network sockets +=item Remove the artificial distinction between operators and functions -=item Resource limits +=item More tutorials -=item Killing the parent process +Regular expressions, I/O, pack/unpack, Debugging -=item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes +=item Include a search tool -=item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS +=item Include a locate tool -BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented, -Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger -application, Thread-safety of extensions +=item Separate function manpages by default -=back +=item Users can't find the manpages -=item BUGS +=item Install ALL Documentation -=item AUTHOR +=item Outstanding issues to be documented -=item SEE ALSO +=item Adapt www.linuxhq.com for Perl + +=item Replace man with a perl program + +=item Unicode tutorial =back -=head2 perlform - Perl formats +=item Modules =over -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Update the POSIX extension to conform with the POSIX 1003.1 Edition 2 -=over +=item Module versions -=item Format Variables +=item New modules -=back +=item Profiler -=item NOTES +=item Tie Modules -=over +VecArray, SubstrArray, VirtualArray, ShiftSplice -=item Footers +=item Procedural options -=item Accessing Formatting Internals +=item RPC -=back +=item y2k localtime/gmtime -=item WARNINGS +=item Export File::Find variables -=back +=item Ioctl -=head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and -localization) +=item Debugger attach/detach -=over +=item Regular Expression debugger -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Alternative RE Syntax -=item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES +=item Bundled modules -=item USING LOCALES +=item Expect -=over +=item GUI::Native -=item The use locale pragma +=item Update semibroken auxiliary tools; h2ph, a2p, etc. -=item The setlocale function +=item POD Converters -=item Finding locales +=item pod2html -=item LOCALE PROBLEMS +=item Podchecker -=item Temporarily fixing locale problems +=back -=item Permanently fixing locale problems +=item Tom's Wishes + +=over -=item Permanently fixing your locale configuration +=item Webperl -=item Fixing system locale configuration +=item Mobile agents -=item The localeconv function +=item POSIX on non-POSIX + +=item Portable installations =back -=item LOCALE CATEGORIES +=item Win32 Stuff =over -=item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation +=item Rename new headers to be consistent with the rest -=item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types +=item Sort out the spawnvp() mess -=item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting +=item Work out DLL versioning -=item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts +=item Style-check -=item LC_TIME +=back -=item Other categories +=item Would be nice to have -=back +C, Contiguous bitfields in pack/unpack, lexperl, Bundled +perl preprocessor, Use posix calls internally where possible, format +BOTTOM, -i rename file only when successfully changed, All ARGV input +should act like <>, report HANDLE [formats], support in perlmain to rerun +debugger, lvalue functions -=item SECURITY +=item Possible pragmas -B (C, C, C, C and C):, -B (with C<\l>, C<\L>, C<\u> or C<\U>), -B (C):, B (C):, -B (printf() and write()):, B (lc(), lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, B (localeconv(), strcoll(),strftime(), strxfrm()):, B (isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(),isgraph(), -islower(), isprint(), ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(), -isxdigit()): +=over -=item ENVIRONMENT +=item 'less' -PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, -LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG +=back -=item NOTES +=item Optimizations =over -=item Backward compatibility +=item constant function cache + +=item foreach(reverse...) + +=item Cache eval tree -=item I18N:Collate obsolete +=item rcatmaybe -=item Sort speed and memory use impacts +=item Shrink opcode tables -=item write() and LC_NUMERIC +=item Cache hash value -=item Freely available locale definitions +=item Optimize away @_ where possible -=item I18n and l10n +=item Optimize sort by { $a <=> $b } -=item An imperfect standard +=item Rewrite regexp parser for better integrated optimization =back -=item BUGS +=item Vague possibilities + +ref function in list context, make tr/// return histogram in list context?, +Loop control on do{} et al, Explicit switch statements, compile to real +threaded code, structured types, Modifiable $1 et al + +=item To Do Or Not To Do =over -=item Broken systems +=item Making my() work on "package" variables -=back +=item "or" testing defined not truth -=item SEE ALSO +=item "dynamic" lexicals -=item HISTORY +=item "class"-based, rather than package-based "lexicals" =back -=head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures +=item Threading =over -=item NOTE - -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Modules -=over +=item Testing -=item Making References +=item $AUTOLOAD -=item Using References +=item exit/die -=item Symbolic references +=item External threads -=item Not-so-symbolic references +=item Thread::Pool -=item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash +=item thread-safety -=item Function Templates +=item Per-thread GVs =back -=item WARNING +=item Compiler -=item SEE ALSO +=over -=back +=item Optimization -=head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references +=item Byteperl -=over +=item Precompiled modules -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Executables -=item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures? +=item Typed lexicals -=item The Solution +=item Win32 -=item Syntax +=item END blocks -=over +=item _AUTOLOAD -=item Making References +=item comppadlist -=item Using References +=item Cached compilation =back -=item An Example +=item Recently Finished Tasks -=item Arrow Rule +=over -=item Solution +=item Figure a way out of $^(capital letter) -=item The Rest +=item Filenames -=item Summary +=item Foreign lines -=item Credits +=item Namespace cleanup -=over +=item ISA.pm -=item Distribution Conditions +=item gettimeofday + +=item autocroak? =back =back -=head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook +=head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals =over =item DESCRIPTION -arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes, -more elaborate constructs +Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the +implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is +the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does +it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is +the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is there enough +documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much +work?, Patches speak louder than words, L, L and +L, L, F, The perl5-porters FAQ -=item REFERENCES +=over -=item COMMON MISTAKES +=item Finding Your Way Around -=item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE +Core modules, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter -=item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C +=item Elements of the interpreter -=item DEBUGGING +Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running -=item CODE EXAMPLES +=item Internal Variable Types -=item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS +=item Op Trees -=over +=item Stacks -=item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS +Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack -=item Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS +=item Millions of Macros -=item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS +=item Poking at Perl -=back +=item Using a source-level debugger -=item HASHES OF ARRAYS +run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue, +finish, print -=over +=item Dumping Perl Data Structures -=item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS +=item Patching -=item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS +=item CONCLUSION -=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS +I =back -=item ARRAYS OF HASHES +=item AUTHOR -=over +=back -=item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES +=head2 perlhist - the Perl history records -=item Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES +=over -=item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES +=item DESCRIPTION -=back +=item INTRODUCTION -=item HASHES OF HASHES +=item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN =over -=item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES - -=item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES - -=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES +=item PUMPKIN? =back -=item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS +=item THE RECORDS =over -=item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS - -=item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS +=item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES -=item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS +=item SELECTED PATCH SIZES =back -=item Database Ties - -=item SEE ALSO - -=item AUTHOR +=item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS =back -=head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl +=head2 perldelta - what's new for perl v5.7.0 =over =item DESCRIPTION -=item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays +=item Security Vulnerability Closed -=item Growing Your Own +=item Incompatible Changes -=item Access and Printing +=item Core Enhancements -=item Slices +=item Modules and Pragmata -=item SEE ALSO +=over -=item AUTHOR +=item New Modules + +=item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata =back -=head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl +=item Utility Changes -=over +=item New Documentation -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Performance Enhancements -=item Creating a Class +=item Installation and Configuration Improvements =over -=item Object Representation +=item Generic Improvements -=item Class Interface +=back -=item Constructors and Instance Methods +=item Selected Bug Fixes -=item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors +sort() arguments are now compiled in the right wantarray context (they were +accidentally using the context of the sort() itself) -=item Destructors +=over -=item Other Object Methods +=item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes =back -=item Class Data +=item New or Changed Diagnostics + +=item Changed Internals + +=item Known Problems =over -=item Accessing Class Data +=item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect -=item Debugging Methods +=item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform -=item Class Destructors +=item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles -=item Documenting the Interface +In string, @%s now must be written as \@%s =back -=item Aggregation +=item Reporting Bugs -=item Inheritance +=item SEE ALSO -=over +=item HISTORY -=item Overridden Methods +=back -=item Multiple Inheritance +=head2 perl56delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0 -=item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects +=over -=back +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Alternate Object Representations +=item Core Enhancements =over -=item Arrays as Objects +=item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency -=item Closures as Objects +=item Lexically scoped warning categories -=back +=item Unicode and UTF-8 support -=item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods +=item Support for interpolating named characters -=over +=item "our" declarations -=item Autoloaded Data Methods +=item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals -=item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods +=item Improved Perl version numbering system -=back +=item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes -=item Metaclassical Tools +=item File and directory handles can be autovivified -=over +=item open() with more than two arguments -=item Class::Struct +=item 64-bit support -=item Data Members as Variables +=item Large file support -=item NOTES +=item Long doubles -=item Object Terminology +=item "more bits" -=back +=item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines -=item SEE ALSO +=item C allowed -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item File globbing implemented internally -=item COPYRIGHT +=item Support for CHECK blocks -=over +=item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported -=item Acknowledgments +=item Better pseudo-random number generator -=back +=item Improved C operator -=back +=item Better worst-case behavior of hashes -=head2 perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl +=item pack() format 'Z' supported -=over +=item pack() format modifier '!' supported -=item DESCRIPTION +=item pack() and unpack() support counted strings -=item Class Data as Package Variables +=item Comments in pack() templates -=over +=item Weak references -=item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket +=item Binary numbers supported -=item Inheritance Concerns +=item Lvalue subroutines -=item The Eponymous Meta-Object +=item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references -=item Indirect References to Class Data +=item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues -=item Monadic Classes +=item exists() is supported on subroutine names -=item Translucent Attributes +=item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements -=back +=item Pseudo-hashes work better -=item Class Data as Lexical Variables +=item Automatic flushing of output buffers -=over +=item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations -=item Privacy and Responsibility +=item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle -=item File-Scoped Lexicals +=item eof() has the same old magic as <> -=item More Inheritance Concerns +=item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes -=item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key +=item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text" -=item Translucency Revisited +=item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure -=back +=item Improved diagnostics -=item NOTES +=item Diagnostics follow STDERR -=item SEE ALSO +=item More consistent close-on-exec behavior -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item syswrite() ease-of-use -=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS +=item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators -=item HISTORY +=item Bit operators support full native integer width + +=item Improved security features + +=item More functional bareword prototype (*) + +=item C and C may be overridden + +=item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character + +=item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch + +=item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string + +=item Optional Y2K warnings + +=item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings =back -=head2 perlobj - Perl objects +=item Modules and Pragmata =over -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Modules -=over +attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper, +DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English, +Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec, +File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt, +Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker, +podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage, +pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname, +Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters -=item An Object is Simply a Reference +=item Pragmata -=item A Class is Simply a Package +=back -=item A Method is Simply a Subroutine +=item Utility Changes -=item Method Invocation +=over -=item WARNING +=item dprofpp -=item Default UNIVERSAL methods +=item find2perl -isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ) +=item h2xs -=item Destructors +=item perlcc -=item Summary +=item perldoc -=item Two-Phased Garbage Collection +=item The Perl Debugger =back -=item SEE ALSO +=item Improved Documentation -=back +perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod, +perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod, +perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod, +perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod -=head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable +=item Performance enhancements =over -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Optimized assignments to lexical variables -=over +=item Faster subroutine calls -=item Tying Scalars +=item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster -TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this +=back -=item Tying Arrays +=item Installation and Configuration Improvements -TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value, -DESTROY this +=over -=item Tying Hashes +=item -Dusethreads means something different -USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE -this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY -this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this +=item New Configure flags -=item Tying FileHandles +=item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring -TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, -LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, DESTROY this +=item Long Doubles -=item The C Gotcha +=item -Dusemorebits -=back +=item -Duselargefiles -=item SEE ALSO +=item installusrbinperl -=item BUGS +=item SOCKS support -=item AUTHOR +=item C<-A> flag + +=item Enhanced Installation Directories =back -=head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT) +=item Platform specific changes =over -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Supported platforms -=item OO SCALING TIPS +=item DOS -=item INSTANCE VARIABLES +=item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS) -=item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES +=item VMS -=item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE +=item Win32 -=item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS +=back -=item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS +=item Significant bug fixes -=item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM +=over -=item THINKING OF CODE REUSE +=item on empty files -=item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT +=item C improvements -=item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR +=item All compilation errors are true errors -=item DELEGATION +=item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer -=back +=item Behavior of list slices is more consistent -=head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, -safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores) +=item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}> -=over +=item C and AUTOLOAD -=item DESCRIPTION +=item C<-bareword> allowed under C -=item Signals +=item Failures in DESTROY() -=item Named Pipes +=item Locale bugs fixed -=over +=item Memory leaks -=item WARNING +=item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls -=back +=item Taint failures under C<-U> -=item Using open() for IPC +=item END blocks and the C<-c> switch -=over +=item Potential to leak DATA filehandles -=item Filehandles +=back -=item Background Processes +=item New or Changed Diagnostics -=item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent +"%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet +implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s, +/ cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed +by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape +\\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class +passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too +early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s +argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a +subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: +%s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled +substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional, +Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector +size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check +filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s", +Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default, +Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't +remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't +weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class +syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference, +constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated, +defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean +"local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective +%s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for +output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires +explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable, +Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: +|%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal +number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute: +%s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid +separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in +subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs +returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing +%sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub", +No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our", +No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time +is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref, +panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing +around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string, +Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS" +instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows, +Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored, +Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on +zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This +Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL +environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode +'%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized +escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute +list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in +subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of +CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number -=item Safe Pipe Opens +=item New tests -=item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process +=item Incompatible Changes -=item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself +=over -=back +=item Perl Source Incompatibilities -=item Sockets: Client/Server Communication +CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed, +Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form +C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number +generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C fails on +read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles, +Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), values() and +C<\(%h)> operate on aliases to values, not copies, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) +enforces powers-of-two BITS, Text of some diagnostic output has changed, +C<%@> has been removed, Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, +Semantics of bareword prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit +operators may have changed on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their +results -=over +=item C Source Incompatibilities -=item Internet Line Terminators +C, C, C -=item Internet TCP Clients and Servers +=item Compatible C Source API Changes -=item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers +C is now C + +=item Binary Incompatibilities =back -=item TCP Clients with IO::Socket +=item Known Problems =over -=item A Simple Client +=item Thread test failures -C, C, C +=item EBCDIC platforms not supported -=item A Webget Client +=item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang -=item Interactive Client with IO::Socket +=item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure -=back +=item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with +gcc -=item TCP Servers with IO::Socket +=item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run -Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse +=item Arrow operator and arrays -=item UDP: Message Passing +=item Experimental features -=item SysV IPC +Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The +pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file +globbing, The DB module, The regular expression constructs C<(?{ code })> +and C<(??{ code })> -=item NOTES +=back -=item BUGS +=item Obsolete Diagnostics -=item AUTHOR +Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed +logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as +\@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$" +to mean "${$}" is deprecated + +=item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO +=item HISTORY + =back -=head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters +=head2 perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005 =over -=item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION -B, B, B, -B +=item About the new versioning system + +=item Incompatible Changes =over -=item The Filter +=item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004. -=item An Example -- the NULL termination problem. +=item Default installation structure has changed -=item Another Example -- Key is a C int. +=item Perl Source Compatibility -=back +=item C Source Compatibility -=item SEE ALSO +Core sources now require ANSI C compiler, All Perl global variables must +now be referenced with an explicit prefix, Enabling threads has source +compatibility issues -=item AUTHOR +=item Binary Compatibility + +=item Security fixes may affect compatibility + +=item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004 + +=item Licensing =back -=head2 perldebug - Perl debugging +=item Core Changes =over -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Threads -=item The Perl Debugger +=item Compiler -=over +=item Regular Expressions -=item Debugger Commands +Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression +constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other +improvements, Incompatible changes -h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n -[expr], ECRE, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l -subname, -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]pattern], -t, t expr, b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname -[condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line] -command, A, W [expr], W, O [opt[=val]] [opt"val"] [opt?].., -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, E [ command ], -EE command, E command, EE command, { [ command ], {{ -command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, -|dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, m package +=item Improved malloc() -=item Debugger input/output +=item Quicksort is internally implemented -Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Listing, Frame listing +=item Reliable signals -=item Debugging compile-time statements +=item Reliable stack pointers -=item Debugger Customization +=item More generous treatment of carriage returns -=item Readline Support +=item Memory leaks -=item Editor Support for Debugging +=item Better support for multiple interpreters -=item The Perl Profiler +=item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined -=item Debugger support in perl +=item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L module -=item Debugger Internals +=item Pseudo-hashes are supported -=item Other resources +=item C is supported -=item BUGS +=item Keywords can be globally overridden -=back +=item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32 -=item Debugging Perl memory usage +=item C optimized -=over +=item C can be used as implicitly quoted package name -=item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}> +=item C tests existence of a package -C, Free/Used, C, C, C, C, C +=item Better locale support -=item Example of using B<-DL> switch +=item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms -C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704> +=item prototype() returns useful results on builtins -=item B<-DL> details +=item Extended support for exception handling -C, C, C +=item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods -=item Limitations of B<-DL> statistic +=item All C format conversions are handled internally -=back +=item New C keyword -=item Debugging regular expressions +=item New C keyword -=over +=item New C operator -=item Compile-time output +=item C is now a reserved word -C I C I, C I C -I, C, C, C -I, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C +=item Tied arrays are now fully supported -=item Types of nodes +=item Tied handles support is better -=item Run-time output +=item 4th argument to substr -=back +=item Negative LENGTH argument to splice + +=item Magic lvalues are now more magical + +=item <> now reads in records =back -=head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics +=item Supported Platforms =over -=item DESCRIPTION +=item New Platforms + +=item Changes in existing support =back -=head2 perlsec - Perl security +=item Modules and Pragmata =over -=item DESCRIPTION +=item New Modules -=over +B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed, +ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, +Thread, attrs, fields, re -=item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data +=item Changes in existing modules -=item Switches On the "#!" Line +Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File, +MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd, Benchmark -=item Cleaning Up Your Path +=back -=item Security Bugs +=item Utility Changes -=item Protecting Your Programs +=item Documentation Changes -=back +=item New Diagnostics + +Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index +while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent +package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check +filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't +goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element, +Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber +for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions, +Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character +class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in +insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s: +Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming +package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such +field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously +large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance +detected while looking for method '%s' in package '%s', Reference found +where even-sized list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use +of reserved word "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed + +=item Obsolete Diagnostics + +Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open +temporary file, regexp too big + +=item Configuration Changes + +=item BUGS =item SEE ALSO +=item HISTORY + =back -=head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary +=head2 perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004 =over =item DESCRIPTION +=item Supported Environments + +=item Core Changes + =over -=item Awk Traps +=item List assignment to %ENV works -=item C Traps +=item "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error now lists @INC -=item Sed Traps +=item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003 -=item Shell Traps +=item $PERL5OPT environment variable -=item Perl Traps +=item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options -=item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps +=item More precise warnings -Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical -Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts, -Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc, -Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps +=item Deprecated: Inherited C for non-methods -=item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps +=item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable -Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, -Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, -Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance +=item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified + +=item Group vector changeable with C<$)> + +=item Fixed parsing of $$, &$, etc. + +=item Fixed localization of $, $&, etc. + +=item No resetting of $. on implicit close -=item Parsing Traps +=item C may return undef -Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing +=item C determines value of EXPR in scalar context -=item Numerical Traps +=item Changes to tainting checks -Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops +No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No +spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name -=item General data type traps +=item New Opcode module and revised Safe module -(Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String), -(Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide) +=item Embedding improvements -=item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts +=item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes -(list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin) +=item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface -=item Precedence Traps +=item New and changed syntax -Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, -Precedence +$coderef->(PARAMS) -=item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc. +=item New and changed builtin constants -Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular -Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, -Regular Expression +__PACKAGE__ -=item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps +=item New and changed builtin variables -(Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle +$^E, $^H, $^M -=item OS Traps +=item New and changed builtin functions -(SysV), (SysV) +delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in +Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module +VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C does not +reset search position on failure, C ignores whitespace before ?*+{}, +nested C closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals -=item Interpolation Traps +=item New builtin methods -Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, -Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation +isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ) -=item DBM Traps +=item TIEHANDLE now supported -DBM, DBM +TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this +LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this -=item Unclassified Traps +=item Malloc enhancements -C/C trap using returned value, C on empty string with -LIMIT specified +-DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE -=back +=item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements =back -=head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl +=item Support for More Operating Systems =over -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Win32 -Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I -portable +=item Plan 9 -=item ISSUES +=item QNX -=over +=item AmigaOS -=item Newlines +=back -=item Numbers endianness and Width +=item Pragmata -=item Files and Filesystems +use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use +constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish -=item System Interaction +=item Modules -=item Interprocess Communication (IPC) +=over -=item External Subroutines (XS) +=item Required Updates -=item Standard Modules +=item Installation directories -=item Time and Date +=item Module information summary -=item Character sets and character encoding +=item Fcntl -=item Internationalisation +=item IO -=item System Resources +=item Math::Complex -=item Security +=item Math::Trig -=item Style +=item DB_File -=back +=item Net::Ping -=item CPAN Testers +=item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators -Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results: -C +=back -=item PLATFORMS +=item Utility Changes =over -=item Unix - -=item DOS and Derivatives - -The djgpp environment for DOS, C, The EMX -environment for DOS, OS/2, etc. -C,C or -C, Build instructions for Win32, -L, The ActiveState Pages, C, The -Cygwin environment for Win32; -L,C, The U/WIN -environment for Win32,C +=item pod2html -=item S +Sends converted HTML to standard output -The MacPerl Pages, C, The MacPerl mailing lists, -C, MacPerl Module Porters, -C +=item xsubpp -=item VMS +C XSUBs now default to returning nothing -L, L, vmsperl list, C, vmsperl -on the web, C +=back -=item VOS +=item C Language API Changes -L, VOS mailing list, VOS Perl on the web at -C +C and C, C, Extended API for +manipulating hashes -=item EBCDIC Platforms +=item Documentation Changes -L, L, L, perl-mvs list, AS/400 -Perl information at Cas well as on CPAN in -the F directory +L, L, L, L, L, +L, L, L + +=item New Diagnostics + +"my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is +not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too +large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free +nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr, +Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort +subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in +use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant +subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did +not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too +long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: +%s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number, +internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type +in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once: +possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of +memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible +attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words +with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found +while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Too late for +"B<-T>" option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, +Unrecognized character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$" to +mean "${$}" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with +defined(), Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay +shared, Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in +prime_env_iter, Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, +PERL_SH_DIR too long, Process terminated by SIG%s -=item Acorn RISC OS +=item BUGS -=item Other perls +=item SEE ALSO -Amiga, L, Atari, L and Guido Flohr's web -pageC, Be OS, L, HP 300 -MPE/iX, L and Mark Bixby's web -pageC, Novell Netware, Plan 9, -L +=item HISTORY =back -=item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS +=head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS (possibly very outdated information) =over -=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions - --I FILEHANDLE, -I EXPR, -I, binmode FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown -LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen -HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, -flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, -getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, -getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber -NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, -getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent -STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, -endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, -getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl -FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat -FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd -ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open -FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select -RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget -KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority -WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl -ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite -ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat -FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen -FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate -FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST, -wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS +=item SYNOPSIS =back -=item CHANGES +=over -v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 -May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February -1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September -1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, -v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998 +=item DESCRIPTION -=item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS +=over -=item VERSION +=item Prerequisites -=back +B, B -=head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide +=item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS -=over +=item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS -=item DESCRIPTION +fork(), some features of the UNIX filesystem regarding link count and file +dates, inplace operation (the -i switch) without backup file, umask() +works, but the correct permissions are only set when the file is +finally close()d =back -=head2 perlpod - plain old documentation +=item INSTALLATION + +=item Accessing documentation =over -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Manpages -=over +=item B -=item Verbatim Paragraph +=item B C files -=item Command Paragraph +=item C docs -=item Ordinary Block of Text +=back -=item The Intent +=item BUILD -=item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules +=over -=item Common Pod Pitfalls +=item Prerequisites -=back +=item Getting the perl source -=item SEE ALSO +=item Making -=item AUTHOR +=item Testing -=back +=item Installing the built perl -=head2 perlbook - Perl book information +=back -=over +=item AUTHOR -=item DESCRIPTION +=item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program +=head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin =over -=item DESCRIPTION +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item PREREQUISITES =over -=item PREAMBLE +=item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it) -B, B, B, B, B +=item Cygwin Configuration -=item ROADMAP +C, I, Permissions -=item Compiling your C program +=back -=item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program +=item CONFIGURE -=item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program +=over -=item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program +=item Strip Binaries -=item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program +=item Optional Libraries -=item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program +C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C), C<-ldb> (C), +C<-lcygipc> (C) -=item Maintaining a persistent interpreter +=item Configure-time Options -=item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances +C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>, C<-Duseperlio>, +C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles> -=item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C -program +=item Suspicious Warnings + +I, Win9x and C, Checking how std your stdio is.., +Compiler/Preprocessor defines =back -=item Embedding Perl under Win32 +=item MAKE -=item MORAL +=over -=item AUTHOR +=item Warnings -=item COPYRIGHT +=item ld2 =back -=head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface. +=item TEST =over -=item SYNOPSIS +=item File Permissions -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Hard Links -B, B, B, B, -B, B, -B, B, -B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B +=item Filetime Granularity -=over +=item Tainting Checks -=item Co-existence with stdio +=item /etc/group -B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B +=item Script Portability + +Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous =back +=item INSTALL + +=item MANIFEST + +Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl +Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHORS + +=item HISTORY + =back -=head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual +=head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95. =over +=item SYNOPSIS + =item DESCRIPTION =over -=item Introduction +=item Prerequisites -=item On The Road +DJGPP, Pthreads -=item The Anatomy of an XSUB +=item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS -=item The Argument Stack +=item Building -=item The RETVAL Variable +=item Testing -=item The MODULE Keyword +=item Installation -=item The PACKAGE Keyword +=back -=item The PREFIX Keyword +=item AUTHOR -=item The OUTPUT: Keyword +=item SEE ALSO -=item The CODE: Keyword +=back -=item The INIT: Keyword +=head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix +(HP-UX) systems -=item The NO_INIT Keyword +=over -=item Initializing Function Parameters +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Default Parameter Values +=over -=item The PREINIT: Keyword +=item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX -=item The SCOPE: Keyword +=item PA-RISC -=item The INPUT: Keyword +=item PA-RISC 1.0 -=item Variable-length Parameter Lists +=item PA-RISC 1.1 -=item The C_ARGS: Keyword +=item PA-RISC 2.0 -=item The PPCODE: Keyword +=item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions -=item Returning Undef And Empty Lists +=item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX -=item The REQUIRE: Keyword +=item The HP ANSI C Compiler -=item The CLEANUP: Keyword +=item Using Large Files with Perl -=item The BOOT: Keyword +=item Threaded Perl -=item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword +=item 64-bit Perl -=item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword +=item GDBM and Threads -=item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword +=item NFS filesystems and utime(2) -=item The ALIAS: Keyword +=item perl -P and // -=item The INTERFACE: Keyword +=back -=item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword +=item AUTHOR -=item The INCLUDE: Keyword +=item DATE -=item The CASE: Keyword +=back -=item The & Unary Operator +=head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen +systems -=item Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives +=over -=item Using XS With C++ +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Interface Strategy +=over -=item Perl Objects And C Structures +=item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen -=item The Typemap +=item Failures during C -=back +op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t -=item EXAMPLES +=item Building external modules -=item XS VERSION +=back =item AUTHOR +=item DATE + =back -=head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs +=head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT. =over -=item DESCRIPTION +=item SYNOPSIS -=item SPECIAL NOTES +=back =over -=item make +=item Target -=item Version caveat +=item Other OSes -=item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading +=item Prerequisites -=back +EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh -=item TUTORIAL +=item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...) -=over +=item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl -=item EXAMPLE 1 +=back -=item EXAMPLE 2 +=over -=item What has gone on? +=item Frequently asked questions -=item Writing good test scripts +=over + +=item I cannot run external programs -=item EXAMPLE 3 +=item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F from my +program. -=item What's new here? +Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use +L? -=item Input and Output Parameters +=item C<``> and pipe-C do not work under DOS. -=item The XSUBPP Program +=item Cannot start C -=item The TYPEMAP file +=back -=item Warning about Output Arguments +=item INSTALLATION -=item EXAMPLE 4 +=over -=item What has happened here? +=item Automatic binary installation -=item Anatomy of .xs file +C, C, F -=item Getting the fat out of XSUBs +=item Manual binary installation -=item More about XSUB arguments +Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable +(statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library, +Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl +and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation, +Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh -=item The Argument Stack +=item B -=item Extending your Extension +=back -=item Documenting your Extension +=item Accessing documentation -=item Installing your Extension +=over -=item EXAMPLE 5 +=item OS/2 F<.INF> file -=item New Things in this Example +=item Plain text -=item EXAMPLE 6 (Coming Soon) +=item Manpages -=item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon) +=item HTML -=item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon) +=item GNU C files -=item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon) +=item F<.PDF> files -=item Troubleshooting these Examples +=item C docs =back -=item See also - -=item Author +=item BUILD =over -=item Last Changed +=item Prerequisites -=back +=item Getting perl source -=back +=item Application of the patches -=head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API +=item Hand-editing -=over +=item Making -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Testing -=item Variables +A lot of C, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F, +F, F, F, F -=over +=item Installing the built perl -=item Datatypes +=item C-style build -=item What is an "IV"? +=back -=item Working with SVs +=item Build FAQ -=item What's Really Stored in an SV? +=over -=item Working with AVs +=item Some C became C<\> in pdksh. -=item Working with HVs +=item C<'errno'> - unresolved external -=item Hash API Extensions +=item Problems with tr or sed -=item References +=item Some problem (forget which ;-) -=item Blessed References and Class Objects +=item Library ... not found -=item Creating New Variables +=item Segfault in make -=item Reference Counts and Mortality +=item op/sprintf test failure -=item Stashes and Globs +=back -=item Double-Typed SVs +=item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port -=item Magic Variables +=over -=item Assigning Magic +=item C, C -=item Magic Virtual Tables +=item C -=item Finding Magic +=item C on the first line -=item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays +=item Additional modules: -=item Localizing changes +=item Prebuilt methods: -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C +C, C, C, + C, C, +C, C, +C, C, +C, C, +C + +=item Misfeatures + +=item Modifications + +C, C, C, C, C, C =back -=item Subroutines +=item Perl flavors =over -=item XSUBs and the Argument Stack +=item F -=item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs +=item F -=item Memory Allocation +=item F -=item PerlIO +=item F -=item Putting a C value on Perl stack +=item Why strange names? -=item Scratchpads +=item Why dynamic linking? -=item Scratchpads and recursion +=item Why chimera build? + +explicit fork(), open FH, "|-", open FH, "-|" =back -=item Compiled code +=item ENVIRONMENT =over -=item Code tree +=item C -=item Examining the tree +=item C -=item Compile pass 1: check routines +=item C -=item Compile pass 1a: constant folding +=item C -=item Compile pass 2: context propagation +=item C -=item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization +=item C or C =back -=item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported +=item Evolution =over -=item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT +=item Priorities -=item How do I use all this in extensions? +=item DLL name mangling -=item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS +=item Threading -=back +=item Calls to external programs -=item AUTHORS +=item Memory allocation -=item SEE ALSO +=item Threads + +C, F =back -=head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C +=back =over -=item DESCRIPTION - -An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program +=item AUTHOR -=item THE PERL_CALL FUNCTIONS +=item SEE ALSO -perl_call_sv, perl_call_pv, perl_call_method, perl_call_argv +=back -=item FLAG VALUES +=head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390. =over -=item G_VOID +=item SYNOPSIS -=item G_SCALAR +=item DESCRIPTION -=item G_ARRAY +=over -=item G_DISCARD +=item Unpacking -=item G_NOARGS +=item Setup and utilities -=item G_EVAL +=item Configure -=item G_KEEPERR +=item Build, test, install -=item Determining the Context +=item Usage Hints + +=item Extensions =back -=item KNOWN PROBLEMS +=item AUTHORS -=item EXAMPLES +=item SEE ALSO =over -=item No Parameters, Nothing returned - -=item Passing Parameters +=item Mailing list -=item Returning a Scalar +=back -=item Returning a list of values +=item HISTORY -=item Returning a list in a scalar context +=back -=item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list +=head2 perlposix-bc, README.posix-bc - building and installing Perl for +BS2000 POSIX. -=item Using G_EVAL +=over -=item Using G_KEEPERR +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Using perl_call_sv +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Using perl_call_argv +=over -=item Using perl_call_method +=item gzip -=item Using GIMME_V +=item bison -=item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries +=item Unpacking -=item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information +=item Compiling -1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of -callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl -callback +=item Testing -=item Alternate Stack Manipulation +=item Install -=item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C +=item Using Perl =back +=item AUTHORS + =item SEE ALSO -=item AUTHOR +=over -=item DATE +=item Mailing list =back -=head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator +=item HISTORY + +=back + +=head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl =over =item DESCRIPTION +=item Installation + +=item Organization of Perl Images + =over -=item Layout +=item Core Images -B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref +=item Perl Extensions + +=item Installing static extensions + +=item Installing dynamic extensions =back -=item Using The Back Ends +=item File specifications =over -=item The Cross Referencing Back End (B::Xref) - -i, &, s, r +=item Syntax -=item The Decompiling Back End +=item Wildcard expansion -=item The Lint Back End (B::Lint) +=item Pipes -=item The Simple C Back End +=back -=item The Bytecode Back End +=item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB -=item The Optimized C Back End +=item Command line -B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, -B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, -B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref +=over -=back +=item I/O redirection and backgrounding -=item KNOWN PROBLEMS +=item Command line switches -=item AUTHOR +-i, -S, -u =back -=head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API +=item Perl functions -=over +File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump, +exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select +(system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime +LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Perl variables -AvFILL, av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, -av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, call_argv, call_method, call_pv, -call_sv, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, -dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND, fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, -get_av, get_cv, get_hv, get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, -gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY, -G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, -HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, -hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, -hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, -hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, -isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, looks_like_number, -MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, -mg_set, Move, New, newAV, Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, -NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVrv, newSVsv, -newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK, -perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, -PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_modglobal, PL_na, -PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, POPs, PUSHi, -PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, require_pv, -RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, -strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, -SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, -SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, -SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, -SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPV, SvPVX, SvPV_force, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, -SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, -SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, -SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, -SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUPGRADE, SvUV, SvUVX, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, -sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, -sv_catsv, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_cmp, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, -sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_len, sv_magic, -sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, -sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn, -sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, -sv_setref_pvn, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_unref, -sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, -toLOWER, toUPPER, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, -XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, -XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, -XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero +%ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $^S, $| -=item AUTHORS +=item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences -=item SEE ALSO +=over + +=item SDBM_File =back -=head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B - Perl functions +=item Revision date -=over +=item AUTHOR -=item DESCRIPTION +=back -=item AUTHORS +=head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Win32 -=item SEE ALSO +=over -=back +=item SYNOPSIS -=head2 perlhist - the Perl history records +=item DESCRIPTION =over -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Setting Up -=item INTRODUCTION +Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Mingw32 with GCC -=item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN +=item Building -=over +=item Testing -=item PUMPKIN? +=item Installation -=back +=item Usage Hints -=item THE RECORDS +Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line, +Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific +Extensions, Running Perl Scripts, Miscellaneous Things -=over +=back -=item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES +=item BUGS AND CAVEATS -=item SELECTED PATCH SIZES +=item AUTHORS -=back +=item SEE ALSO -=item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS +=item HISTORY =back @@ -3790,7 +6147,7 @@ method, locked =item Built-in Attributes -locked, method +locked, method, lvalue =item Available Subroutines @@ -3878,18 +6235,8 @@ method, locked =back -=head2 byte - Perl pragma to turn force treating strings as bytes not -UNICODE - -=over - -=item SYNOPSIS - -=item DESCRIPTION - -=back - -=head2 caller - inherit pragmatic attributes from the context of the caller +=head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character +semantics =over @@ -3897,7 +6244,7 @@ UNICODE =item DESCRIPTION -encoding +=item SEE ALSO =back @@ -3971,6 +6318,8 @@ diagnostics =item DESCRIPTION +new, phash + =item SEE ALSO =back @@ -3981,13 +6330,6 @@ diagnostics =item SYNOPSIS - $can_perhaps_read = -r "file"; # use the mode bits - { - use filetest 'access'; # intuit harder - $can_really_read = -r "file"; - } - $can_perhaps_read = -r "file"; # use the mode bits again - =item DESCRIPTION =over @@ -4054,6 +6396,20 @@ operations =back +=head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item UNIMPLEMENTED FUNCTIONALITY + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling =over @@ -4224,7 +6580,7 @@ C, C, C =back -=head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to turn on UTF-8 and Unicode support +=head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 in source code =over @@ -4232,7 +6588,7 @@ C, C, C =item DESCRIPTION -=item CAVEATS +=item SEE ALSO =back @@ -4254,8 +6610,16 @@ C, C, C =item DESCRIPTION +use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category), +warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message), +warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message), +warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message), +warnings::warnif($object, $message) + =back +=head2 warnings::register - warnings import function + =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs @@ -4296,6 +6660,8 @@ C, C, C =item Package Lexicals +=item Not Using AutoLoader + =item B vs. B =back @@ -4378,8 +6744,8 @@ USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE =item B::GV METHODS -NAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN, LINE, FILE, FILEGV, -GvREFCNT, FLAGS +is_empty, NAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN, LINE, FILE, +FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS =item B::IO METHODS @@ -4479,7 +6845,7 @@ bytecode =item DESCRIPTION -=item AUTHOR +=item AUTHORS =back @@ -4506,14 +6872,15 @@ bytecode =item OPTIONS B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>, -B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-fstrip-syntax-tree>, -B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-m> +B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, +B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-Ppackage> Stores package in the +output. =back =item EXAMPLES =item BUGS -=item AUTHOR +=item AUTHORS =back @@ -4528,7 +6895,7 @@ B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-m> =item OPTIONS B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>, -B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On> +B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>, B<-llimit> =item EXAMPLES @@ -4694,6 +7061,8 @@ B<-u Package> =back +=head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded + =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops =over @@ -4805,14 +7174,15 @@ STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache ( =item OPTIONS B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>, -B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-fstrip-syntax-tree>, -B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-m> +B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, +B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-Ppackage> Stores package in the +output. =back =item EXAMPLES =item BUGS -=item AUTHOR +=item AUTHORS =back @@ -4832,7 +7202,7 @@ B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-m> =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES -1. Use another name for the argument, if one is available. Forexample, +1. Use another name for the argument, if one is available. For example, -value is an alias for -values, 2. Change the capitalization, e.g. -Values, 3. Put quotes around the argument name, e.g. '-values' @@ -4871,8 +7241,8 @@ B<:standard>, B<:all> =item PRAGMAS --any, -compile, -nph, -newstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, --private_tempfiles +-any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_xhtml, -nph, -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, +-autoload, -no_debug, -debug, -private_tempfiles =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS @@ -4919,6 +7289,11 @@ B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query> =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS +=item AUTOESCAPING HTML + +$escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset = +charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]); + =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML =back @@ -4977,9 +7352,8 @@ B =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON -B, 3.The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment type, -and may be -TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE +B, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment +type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON @@ -5009,11 +7383,11 @@ the
tag =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES B, B, B, B, -B, B, BReturn the script -name as a partial URL, for self-refering -scripts, B, B, B, B, B, B, B, -B, B, B, B +B, B, B Return the script +name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, B, B, B, B, B, +B, B, B, B, +B, B =item USING NPH SCRIPTS @@ -5022,8 +7396,7 @@ parameters in the B and B statements: =item Server Push -multipart_init() - multipart_init(-boundary=>$boundary);, multipart_start(), multipart_end() +multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end() =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks @@ -5094,6 +7467,8 @@ other) error log =back +=item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS + =item CHANGE LOG =item AUTHORS @@ -5247,7 +7622,7 @@ B, B, B, B, B =item Interactive Mode Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test, -install, clean modules or distributions, readme, look module or +install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or distribution, Signals =item CPAN::Shell @@ -5258,7 +7633,7 @@ distribution, Signals =item The four C Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution -=item ProgrammerE<39>s interface +=item Programmer's interface expand($type,@things), Programming Examples @@ -5280,10 +7655,10 @@ expand($type,@things), Programming Examples =item CONFIGURATION -o conf Escalar optionE, o conf Escalar optionE -EvalueE, o conf Elist optionE, o conf Elist optionE -[shift|pop], o conf Elist optionE [unshift|push|splice] -ElistE +Cscalar optionE>, Cscalar optionE +EvalueE>, Clist optionE>, Clist +optionE [shift|pop]>, Clist optionE +[unshift|push|splice] ElistE> =over @@ -5301,8 +7676,23 @@ ElistE =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS +=over + +=item Three basic types of firewalls + http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade +=item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through the firewall + +=back + +=item FAQ + +I installed a new version of module X but CPAN keeps saying, I have +the old version installed, So why is UNINST=1 not the default?, When I +install bundles or multiple modules with one command there is too +much output to keep track of + =item BUGS =item AUTHOR @@ -5427,8 +7817,9 @@ C, C =item c C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C =item C @@ -5446,59 +7837,63 @@ C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C =item e @@ -5512,8 +7907,8 @@ C, C, C, C, C, C =item g -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C =item h @@ -5524,24 +7919,26 @@ C, C, C, C, C C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C =item k @@ -5549,11 +7946,12 @@ C, C =item l -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C =item m @@ -5563,30 +7961,33 @@ C, C =item M -C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C =item n C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C =item o C, C, C, C, -C, C, C +C, C, C, C =item p -C, C, C, C, C, C +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C =item P C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C =item q @@ -5594,8 +7995,8 @@ C, C =item r -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C =item s @@ -5604,15 +8005,15 @@ C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C =item t @@ -5623,21 +8024,23 @@ C, C, C, C C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C =item v -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C =item x -C +C, C =item z @@ -5845,14 +8248,13 @@ printing and C =item Methods I->new(I, I), I<$OBJ>->Dump I -I->Dump(I, I), I<$OBJ>->Dumpxs I -I->Dumpxs(I, I), -I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), -I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Reset +I->Dump(I, I), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>), +I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>), +I<$OBJ>->Reset =item Functions -Dumper(I), DumperX(I) +Dumper(I) =item Configuration Variables or Methods @@ -6005,7 +8407,7 @@ veryCompact, set, get @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs, @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(), -dl_load_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(), +dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(), dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(), bootstrap() @@ -6035,9 +8437,12 @@ variables =item DESCRIPTION +=item PERFORMANCE + =back -=head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables +=head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or +arrays =over @@ -6045,6 +8450,8 @@ variables =item DESCRIPTION +=item LIMITATIONS + =item AUTHOR =back @@ -6057,6 +8464,8 @@ variables =item DESCRIPTION +=item CAVEATS + =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT @@ -6909,8 +9318,9 @@ rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag]) =item DESCRIPTION -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C =item CAVEAT @@ -7013,6 +9423,16 @@ file_name_is_absolute path +splitpath + +splitdir + +catpath + +abs2rel + +rel2abs + =over =item SEE ALSO @@ -7059,6 +9479,8 @@ updir no_upwards +case_tolerant + file_name_is_absolute path @@ -7099,10 +9521,12 @@ fixpath =item Methods always loaded -catdir +canonpath (override) =back +catdir + catfile curdir (override) @@ -7115,10 +9539,22 @@ tmpdir (override) updir (override) +case_tolerant (override) + path (override) file_name_is_absolute (override) +splitpath (override) + +splitdir (override) + +catpath (override) + +abs2rel (override) + +rel2abs (override) + =over =item SEE ALSO @@ -7149,14 +9585,94 @@ splitdir catpath -abs2rel +=over -rel2abs +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely + +=over + +=item PORTABILITY + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=over + +=item FUNCTIONS + +B + +=back + +B + +=over + +=item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS + +B + +=back + +B + +B + +B + +=over + +=item POSIX FUNCTIONS + +B + +=back + +B + +=over + +=item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS + +B + +=back + +=over + +=item UTILITY FUNCTIONS + +B + +=back + +=over + +=item PACKAGE VARIABLES + +B, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH + +=back + +TopSystemUID =over +=item WARNING + +=item HISTORY + =item SEE ALSO +=item AUTHOR + =back =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions @@ -7233,8 +9749,7 @@ $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines =back -=head2 Getopt::Long, GetOptions - extended processing of command line -options +=head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options =over @@ -7242,36 +9757,86 @@ options =item DESCRIPTION -!, +, :s, :i, :f +=item Command Line Options, an Introduction + +=item Getting Started with Getopt::Long =over -=item Linkage specification +=item Simple options -=item Aliases and abbreviations +=item A little bit less simple options -=item Non-option call-back routine +=item Mixing command line option with other arguments -=item Option starters +=item Options with values -=item Return values and Errors +=item Options with multiple values + +=item Options with hash values + +=item User-defined subroutines to handle options + +=item Options with multiple names + +=item Case and abbreviations + +=item Summary of Option Specifications + +!, +, s, i, f, : I [ I ] =back -=item COMPATIBILITY +=item Advanced Possibilities -=item EXAMPLES +=over + +=item Object oriented interface + +=item Documentation and help texts + +=item Storing options in a hash + +=item Bundling + +=item The lonesome dash + +=item Argument call-back + +=back + +=item Configuring Getopt::Long + +default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, require_order, permute, +bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override (default: disabled), +ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always (default: disabled), +pass_through (default: disabled), prefix, prefix_pattern, debug (default: +disabled) + +=item Return values and Errors + +=item Legacy + +=over -=item CONFIGURATION OPTIONS +=item Default destinations -default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, require_order, permute, bundling -(default: reset), bundling_override (default: reset), ignore_case -(default: set), ignore_case_always (default: reset), pass_through (default: -reset), prefix, prefix_pattern, debug (default: reset) +=item Alternative option starters -=item OTHER USEFUL VARIABLES +=item Configuration variables -$Getopt::Long::VERSION, $Getopt::Long::error +=back + +=item Trouble Shooting + +=over + +=item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option + +=item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not +supplied + +=back =item AUTHOR @@ -7972,6 +10537,12 @@ functions =item STRINGIFICATION +=over + +=item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6 + +=back + =item USAGE =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO @@ -8035,7 +10606,17 @@ cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical =item SYNOPSIS -=item DESCRIPTION +C, C, C + +=item DIAGNOSTICS + +=over + +=item C + +=back + +=item BUGS AND WARNINGS =back @@ -8150,7 +10731,17 @@ functions =item SYNOPSIS -=item DESCRIPTION +C, C, C + +=item DIAGNOSTICS + +=over + +=item C + +=back + +=item BUGS AND WARNINGS =back @@ -8280,12 +10871,12 @@ rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid, setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp, sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat, strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen, -strncat, strncmp, strncpy, stroul, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, -strtod, strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, -tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, -tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, -ungetc, unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, -wcstombs, wctomb, write +strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod, +strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain, +tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile, +tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc, +unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs, +wctomb, write =item CLASSES @@ -8373,8 +10964,6 @@ Constants Constants, Macros -=item CREATION - =back =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors @@ -8387,7 +10976,7 @@ Constants, Macros =over -=item Options +=item podchecker() B<-warnings> =E I @@ -8395,24 +10984,70 @@ B<-warnings> =E I =item DESCRIPTION +=item DIAGNOSTICS + =over +=item Errors + +empty =headn, =over on line I without closing =back, =item without +previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end +without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification, +unresolved internal link I, Unknown command "I", Unknown +interior-sequence "I", nested commands +IE...IE...E...E, garbled entity I, Entity +number out of range, malformed link LEE, nonempty ZEE, +empty XEE, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s) +after =back + =item Warnings -=back +multiple occurrence of link target I, line containing nothing but +whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, No numeric +argument for =over, previous =item has no contents, preceding non-item +paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I vs. I), I unescaped +CE> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No items in =over, No argument +for =item, empty section in previous paragraph, Verbatim paragraph in NAME +section -=item DIAGNOSTICS +=item Hyperlinks + +collapsing newlines to blanks, ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in +link, (section) in '$page' deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains +non-escaped | or / + +=back =item RETURN VALUE =item EXAMPLES +=item INTERFACE + +=back + +Cnew( %options )> + +C<$checker-Epoderror( @args )>, C<$checker-Epoderror( {%opts}, +@args )> + +C<$checker-Enum_errors()> + +C<$checker-Ename()> + +C<$checker-Enode()> + +C<$checker-Eidx()> + +C<$checker-Ehyperlink()> + +=over + =item AUTHOR =back -=head2 Pod::Checker, Pod::Hyperlink - class for manipulation of POD -hyperlinks +=head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees =over @@ -8420,13 +11055,44 @@ hyperlinks =item DESCRIPTION -=item METHODS +=back + +=over + +=item C + +C<-verbose =E 1>, C<-perl =E 1>, C<-script =E 1>, C<-inc =E +1> + +=back + +=over + +=item C + +=back + +=over + +=item C + +C<-inc =E 1>, C<-dirs =E [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E +1> -new(), parse(), markup($on,$off,$pageon,$pageoff), text(), warning(), -page(), node(), type(), alttext(), line(), file() +=back + +=over + +=item C + +=back + +=over =item AUTHOR +=item SEE ALSO + =back =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML @@ -8439,9 +11105,9 @@ page(), node(), type(), alttext(), line(), file() =item ARGUMENTS -help, htmldir, htmlroot, infile, outfile, podroot, podpath, libpods, -netscape, nonetscape, index, noindex, recurse, norecurse, title, css, -verbose, quiet +backlink, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index, infile, +libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse, title, +verbose =item EXAMPLE @@ -8468,220 +11134,338 @@ commands, etc. =item DESCRIPTION -B, B, B, -B +package B, package B, package +B, package B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item Pod::Paragraph-EB + +=back + +=over + +=item $pod_para-EB =back =over -=item B +=item $pod_para-EB =back =over -=item B +=item $pod_para-EB =back =over -=item B +=item $pod_para-EB =back =over -=item B +=item $pod_para-EB =back =over -=item B +=item $pod_para-EB =back =over -=item B +=item $pod_para-EB =back =over -=item B +=item B =back =over -=item B +=item Pod::InteriorSequence-EB =back =over -=item B +=item $pod_seq-EB =back =over -=item B +=item $pod_seq-EB =back =over -=item B +=item $pod_seq-EB =back =over -=item B +=item $pod_seq-EB =back =over -=item B +=item $pod_seq-EB =back =over -=item B +=item $pod_seq-EB =back =over -=item B +=item $pod_seq-EB =back =over -=item B +=item $pod_seq-EB =back =over -=item B +=item $pod_seq-EB =back =over -=item B +=item Pod::InteriorSequence::B =back =over -=item B +=item B =back =over -=item B +=item Pod::ParseTree-EB =back =over -=item B +=item $ptree-EB =back =over -=item B +=item $ptree-EB =back =over -=item B +=item $ptree-EB =back =over -=item B +=item $ptree-EB =back =over -=item B +=item $ptree-EB =back =over -=item B +=item Pod::ParseTree::B =back =over -=item B +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR =back +=head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex + =over -=item B +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION =back =over -=item B +=item OBJECT METHODS + +C =back =over -=item B +=item Data Accessors + +B =back +B + +B + +B