X-Git-Url: http://git.shadowcat.co.uk/gitweb/gitweb.cgi?a=blobdiff_plain;f=pod%2Fperltoc.pod;h=80c463c479515b0f7e885dfaa6b8249260a580ab;hb=2975d2266cd5007c9c9ffad3ff137d0cd9a1bceb;hp=ba7cdf365a2d5c19b4cdf18ee5436a45614b8046;hpb=b38f6a391036f7db7d1fabe868dff4ea8261a014;p=p5sagit%2Fp5-mst-13.2.git diff --git a/pod/perltoc.pod b/pod/perltoc.pod index ba7cdf3..80c463c 100644 --- a/pod/perltoc.pod +++ b/pod/perltoc.pod @@ -13,22 +13,12 @@ through to locate the proper section you're looking for. =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -modularity and reusability using innumerable modules, embeddable and -extensible, roll-your-own magic variables (including multiple simultaneous -DBM implementations), subroutines can now be overridden, autoloaded, and -prototyped, arbitrarily nested data structures and anonymous functions, -object-oriented programming, compilability into C code or Perl bytecode, -support for light-weight processes (threads), support for -internationalization, localization, and Unicode, lexical scoping, regular -expression enhancements, enhanced debugger and interactive Perl -environment, with integrated editor support, POSIX 1003.1 compliant library - =item AVAILABILITY =item ENVIRONMENT @@ -50,3821 +40,6674 @@ environment, with integrated editor support, POSIX 1003.1 compliant library =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23 20:38:02 $) -=over - -=item DESCRIPTION - -perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ, L: General Questions -About Perl, What is Perl?, Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it -free?, Which version of Perl should I use?, What are perl4 and perl5?, What -is perl6?, How stable is Perl?, Is Perl difficult to learn?, How does Perl -compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, Scheme, or Tcl?, Can -I do [task] in Perl?, When shouldn't I program in Perl?, What's the -difference between "perl" and "Perl"?, Is it a Perl program or a Perl -script?, What is a JAPH?, Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?, -How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version -(5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language)?, L: Obtaining and -Learning about Perl, What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?, How -can I get a binary version of Perl?, I don't have a C compiler on my -system. How can I compile perl?, I copied the Perl binary from one machine -to another, but scripts don't work, I grabbed the sources and tried to -compile but gdbm/dynamic loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make -it work?, What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is -CPAN? What does CPAN/src/... mean?, Is there an ISO or ANSI certified -version of Perl?, Where can I get information on Perl?, What are the Perl -newsgroups on USENET? Where do I post questions?, Where should I post -source code?, Perl Books, Perl in Magazines, Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW -Access, What mailing lists are there for perl?, Archives of -comp.lang.perl.misc, Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?, Where -do I send bug reports?, What is perl.com?, L: Programming Tools, -How do I do (anything)?, How can I use Perl interactively?, Is there a Perl -shell?, How do I debug my Perl programs?, How do I profile my Perl -programs?, How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?, Is there a -pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?, Is there a ctags for Perl?, Is there -an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?, Where can I get Perl macros for vi?, Where -can I get perl-mode for emacs?, How can I use curses with Perl?, How can I -use X or Tk with Perl?, How can I generate simple menus without using CGI -or Tk?, What is undump?, How can I make my Perl program run faster?, How -can I make my Perl program take less memory?, Is it unsafe to return a -pointer to local data?, How can I free an array or hash so my program -shrinks?, How can I make my CGI script more efficient?, How can I hide the -source for my Perl program?, How can I compile my Perl program into byte -code or C?, How can I compile Perl into Java?, How can I get C<#!perl> to -work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?, Can I write useful perl programs on the command -line?, Why don't perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?, Where can -I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?, Where can I learn about -object-oriented Perl programming?, Where can I learn about linking C with -Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp], I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't -embed perl inmy C program, what am I doing wrong?, When I tried to run my -script, I got this message. What does itmean?, What's MakeMaker?, -L: Data Manipulation, Why am I getting long decimals (eg, -19.9499999999999) instead of the numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?, -Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?, Does Perl have a round() -function? What about ceil() and floor()? Trig functions?, How do I -convert bits into ints?, Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?, How do I -multiply matrices?, How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?, -How can I output Roman numerals?, Why aren't my random numbers random?, How -do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?, How do I find the current -century or millennium?, How can I compare two dates and find the -difference?, How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?, How -can I find the Julian Day?, How do I find yesterday's date?, Does Perl have -a year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?, How do I validate input?, How -do I unescape a string?, How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?, -How do I expand function calls in a string?, How do I find matching/nesting -anything?, How do I reverse a string?, How do I expand tabs in a string?, -How do I reformat a paragraph?, How can I access/change the first N letters -of a string?, How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?, How can I -count the number of occurrences of a substring within a string?, How do I -capitalize all the words on one line?, How can I split a [character] -delimited string except when inside[character]? (Comma-separated files), -How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?, How do I -pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?, How do I extract -selected columns from a string?, How do I find the soundex value of a -string?, How can I expand variables in text strings?, What's wrong with -always quoting "$vars"?, Why don't my <: Files and Formats, How do I flush/unbuffer an output -filehandle? Why must I do this?, How do I change one line in a file/delete -a line in a file/insert a line in the middle of a file/append to the -beginning of a file?, How do I count the number of lines in a file?, How do -I make a temporary file name?, How can I manipulate fixed-record-length -files?, How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass -filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?, -How can I use a filehandle indirectly?, How can I set up a footer format to -be used with write()?, How can I write() into a string?, How can I output -my numbers with commas added?, How can I translate tildes (~) in a -filename?, How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?, Why do -I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?, Is there a -leak/bug in glob()?, How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing -blanks?, How can I reliably rename a file?, How can I lock a file?, Why -can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?, I still don't get locking. I just -want to increment the number in the file. How can I do this?, How do I -randomly update a binary file?, How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?, -How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?, How do I print to more than one -file at once?, How can I read in an entire file all at once?, How can I -read in a file by paragraphs?, How can I read a single character from a -file? From the keyboard?, How can I tell whether there's a character -waiting on a filehandle?, How do I do a C in perl?, How do I dup() -a filehandle in Perl?, How do I close a file descriptor by number?, Why -can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't `C:\temp\foo.exe` -work?, Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?, Why does Perl let me -delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber protected files? Isn't -this a bug in Perl?, How do I select a random line from a file?, Why do I -get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?, L: Regexps, How -can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible and -unmaintainable code?, I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. -What's wrong?, How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are -themselves on different lines?, I put a regular expression into $/ but it -didn't work. What's wrong?, How do I substitute case insensitively on the -LHS, but preserving case on the RHS?, How can I make C<\w> match national -character sets?, How can I match a locale-smart version of C?, -How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?, What is C really for?, -How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a file?, -Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?, What does it -mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?, How do I process -each word on each line?, How can I print out a word-frequency or -line-frequency summary?, How can I do approximate matching?, How do I -efficiently match many regular expressions at once?, Why don't -word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?, Why does using $&, $`, or -$' slow my program down?, What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?, Are -Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?, What's wrong with -using grep or map in a void context?, How can I match strings with -multibyte characters?, How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the -user?, L: General Perl Language Issues, Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE -for the Perl language?, What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how -do I know when to use them?, Do I always/never have to quote my strings or -use semicolons and commas?, How do I skip some return values?, How do I -temporarily block warnings?, What's an extension?, Why do Perl operators -have different precedence than C operators?, How do I declare/create a -structure?, How do I create a module?, How do I create a class?, How can I -tell if a variable is tainted?, What's a closure?, What is variable suicide -and how can I prevent it?, How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, -Array, Hash, Method, Regex}?, How do I create a static variable?, What's -the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? Between -local() and my()?, How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly -named lexical is in scope?, What's the difference between deep and shallow -binding?, Why doesn't "my($foo) = ;" work right?, How do I redefine a -builtin function, operator, or method?, What's the difference between -calling a function as &foo and foo()?, How do I create a switch or case -statement?, How can I catch accesses to undefined -variables/functions/methods?, Why can't a method included in this same file -be found?, How can I find out my current package?, How can I comment out a -large block of perl code?, How do I clear a package?, How can I use a -variable as a variable name?, L: System Interaction, How do I -find out which operating system I'm running under?, How come exec() doesn't -return?, How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?, How do I -print something out in color?, How do I read just one key without waiting -for a return key?, How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?, -How do I clear the screen?, How do I get the screen size?, How do I ask the -user for a password?, How do I read and write the serial port?, How do I -decode encrypted password files?, How do I start a process in the -background?, How do I trap control characters/signals?, How do I modify the -shadow password file on a Unix system?, How do I set the time and date?, -How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?, How can I measure time -under a second?, How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception -handling), Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? -What does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?, How can I call -my system's unique C functions from Perl?, Where do I get the include files -to do ioctl() or syscall()?, Why do setuid perl scripts complain about -kernel problems?, How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?, Why -can't I get the output of a command with system()?, How can I capture -STDERR from an external command?, Why doesn't open() return an error when a -pipe open fails?, What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?, How -can I call backticks without shell processing?, Why can't my script read -from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, ^Z on MS-DOS)?, How can I -convert my shell script to perl?, Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp -session?, How can I write expect in Perl?, Is there a way to hide perl's -command line from programs such as "ps"?, I {changed directory, modified my -environment} in a perl script. How come the change disappeared when I -exited the script? How do I get my changes to be visible?, How do I close -a process's filehandle without waiting for it to complete?, How do I fork a -daemon process?, How do I make my program run with sh and csh?, How do I -find out if I'm running interactively or not?, How do I timeout a slow -event?, How do I set CPU limits?, How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?, -How do I use an SQL database?, How do I make a system() exit on control-C?, -How do I open a file without blocking?, How do I install a module from -CPAN?, What's the difference between require and use?, How do I keep my own -module/library directory?, How do I add the directory my program lives in -to the module/library search path?, How do I add a directory to my include -path at runtime?, What is socket.ph and where do I get it?, L: -Networking, My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. -(500 Server Error), How can I get better error messages from a CGI -program?, How do I remove HTML from a string?, How do I extract URLs?, How -do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a file on -another machine?, How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?, How do I fetch an -HTML file?, How do I automate an HTML form submission?, How do I decode or -create those %-encodings on the web?, How do I redirect to another page?, -How do I put a password on my web pages?, How do I edit my .htpasswd and -.htgroup files with Perl?, How do I make sure users can't enter values into -a form that cause my CGI script to do bad things?, How do I parse a mail -header?, How do I decode a CGI form?, How do I check a valid mail address?, -How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?, How do I return the user's mail -address?, How do I send mail?, How do I read mail?, How do I find out my -hostname/domainname/IP address?, How do I fetch a news article or the -active newsgroups?, How do I fetch/put an FTP file?, How can I do RPC in -Perl? - -=over - -=item Where to get this document - -=item How to contribute to this document - -=item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the -authors - -=back - -=item Credits - -=item Author and Copyright Information - -=over - -=item Bundled Distributions +=over 4 -=item Disclaimer +=item DESCRIPTION -=back +=over 4 -=item Changes +=item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ. -23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98, 24/April/97, 23/April/97, -25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version, Initial Release: 11/March/97 +=item L: General Questions About Perl -=back +=item L: Obtaining and Learning about Perl -=head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $, $Date: -1999/05/23 16:08:30 $) +=item L: Programming Tools -=over +=item L: Data Manipulation -=item DESCRIPTION +=item L: Files and Formats -=over +=item L: Regexps -=item What is Perl? +=item L: General Perl Language Issues -=item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free? +=item L: System Interaction -=item Which version of Perl should I use? +=item L: Networking -=item What are perl4 and perl5? +=back -=item What is perl6? +=item About the perlfaq documents -=item How stable is Perl? +=over 4 -=item Is Perl difficult to learn? +=item Where to get the perlfaq -=item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, -Scheme, or Tcl? +=item How to contribute to the perlfaq -=item Can I do [task] in Perl? +=item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the +authors -=item When shouldn't I program in Perl? +=back -=item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"? +=item Credits -=item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script? +=item Author and Copyright Information -=item What is a JAPH? +=over 4 -=item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms? +=item Bundled Distributions -=item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version -(5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language)? +=item Disclaimer =back -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item Changes + +1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98, +24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version, +Initial Release: 11/March/97 =back -=head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.32 $, -$Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09 $) +=head2 perlbook - Perl book information -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over - -=item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it? - -=item How can I get a binary version of Perl? - -=item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl? - -=item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts -don't work. - -=item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic -loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work? +=back -=item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN? -What does CPAN/src/... mean? +=head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax -=item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl? +=over 4 -=item Where can I get information on Perl? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions? +=over 4 -=item Where should I post source code? +=item Declarations -=item Perl Books +=item Simple statements -References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics +=item Compound statements -=item Perl in Magazines +=item Loop Control -=item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access +=item For Loops -=item What mailing lists are there for Perl? +=item Foreach Loops -=item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc +=item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements -=item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl? +=item Goto -=item Where do I send bug reports? +=item PODs: Embedded Documentation -=item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? +=item Plain Old Comments (Not!) =back -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT - =back -=head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 -16:08:30 $) +=head2 perldata - Perl data types -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 -=item How do I do (anything)? +=item Variable names -=item How can I use Perl interactively? +=item Context -=item Is there a Perl shell? +=item Scalar values -=item How do I debug my Perl programs? +=item Scalar value constructors -=item How do I profile my Perl programs? +=item List value constructors -=item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs? +=item Slices -=item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl? +=item Typeglobs and Filehandles -=item Is there a ctags for Perl? +=back -=item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor? +=item SEE ALSO -=item Where can I get Perl macros for vi? +=back -=item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs? +=head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence -=item How can I use curses with Perl? +=over 4 -=item How can I use X or Tk with Perl? +=item SYNOPSIS -=item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item What is undump? +=over 4 -=item How can I make my Perl program run faster? +=item Terms and List Operators (Leftward) -=item How can I make my Perl program take less memory? +=item The Arrow Operator -=item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data? +=item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement -=item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks? +=item Exponentiation -=item How can I make my CGI script more efficient? +=item Symbolic Unary Operators -=item How can I hide the source for my Perl program? +=item Binding Operators -=item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C? +=item Multiplicative Operators -=item How can I compile Perl into Java? +=item Additive Operators -=item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]? +=item Shift Operators -=item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line? +=item Named Unary Operators -=item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system? +=item Relational Operators -=item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl? +=item Equality Operators -=item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming? +=item Bitwise And -=item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp] +=item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or -=item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in -my C program, what am I doing wrong? +=item C-style Logical And -=item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it -mean? +=item C-style Logical Or -=item What's MakeMaker? +=item Range Operators -=back +=item Conditional Operator -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item Assignment Operators -=back +=item Comma Operator -=head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 -20:37:49 $) +=item List Operators (Rightward) -=over +=item Logical Not -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Logical And -=item Data: Numbers +=item Logical or and Exclusive Or -=over +=item C Operators Missing From Perl -=item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the -numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)? +unary &, unary *, (TYPE) -=item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly? +=item Quote and Quote-like Operators -=item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()? -Trig functions? +=item Regexp Quote-Like Operators -=item How do I convert bits into ints? +?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>, +qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/, +s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, +y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds -=item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to? +=item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs -=item How do I multiply matrices? +Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation, +C<<<'EOF'>, C, C, C, C, C<''>, C, C<"">, +C<``>, C, C, C<< >>, C, C, C, +C,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of +regular expressions -=item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers? +=item I/O Operators -=item How can I output Roman numerals? +=item Constant Folding -=item Why aren't my random numbers random? +=item Bitwise String Operators -=back +=item Integer Arithmetic -=item Data: Dates +=item Floating-point Arithmetic -=over +=item Bigger Numbers -=item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year? +=back -=item How do I find the current century or millennium? +=back -=item How can I compare two dates and find the difference? +=head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines -=item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds? +=over 4 -=item How can I find the Julian Day? +=item SYNOPSIS -=item How do I find yesterday's date? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant? +=over 4 -=back +=item Private Variables via my() -=item Data: Strings +=item Persistent Private Variables -=over +=item Temporary Values via local() -=item How do I validate input? +=item Lvalue subroutines -=item How do I unescape a string? +=item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs) -=item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters? +=item When to Still Use local() -=item How do I expand function calls in a string? +=item Pass by Reference -=item How do I find matching/nesting anything? +=item Prototypes -=item How do I reverse a string? +=item Constant Functions -=item How do I expand tabs in a string? +=item Overriding Built-in Functions -=item How do I reformat a paragraph? +=item Autoloading -=item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string? +=item Subroutine Attributes -=item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something? +=back -=item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a -string? +=item SEE ALSO -=item How do I capitalize all the words on one line? +=back -=item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside -[character]? (Comma-separated files) +=head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions -=item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string? +=over 4 -=item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item How do I extract selected columns from a string? +=over 4 -=item How do I find the soundex value of a string? +=item Perl Functions by Category -=item How can I expand variables in text strings? +Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching, +Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data, +Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed +length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories, +Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related +to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process +groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and +object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess +communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network +info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted +in perl5 -=item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"? +=item Portability -=item Why don't my < FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept +NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, +binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, +bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, +chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, +chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE, +connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, +dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete +EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump, +each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, +exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl +FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, +fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, +getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam +NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname +NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr +ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, +getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, +getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent +STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, +endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, +getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, +goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, +import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl +FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, +last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, +link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, +lock, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, +mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, +msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR : +ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open +FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, +open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR +: ATTRIBUTES, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, package, pipe +READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE +LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, +LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, +qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, +rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, +readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR, +recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename +OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset, +return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex +STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar +EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select +FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl +ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send +SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority +WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY, +shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, +shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep +EXPR, sleep, sockatmark SOCKET, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, +socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort +BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice +ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split +/PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf +FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat +EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, +substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr +EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen +FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread +FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek +FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite +FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, +syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie +VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate +FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, +ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack +TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST, +use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST, +values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn +LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y/// =back -=item Data: Arrays +=back -=over +=head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references -=item What is the difference between a list and an array? +=over 4 -=item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array? +=item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures? -a) If @in is sorted, and you want @out to be sorted:(this assumes all true -values in the array), b) If you don't know whether @in is sorted:, c) Like -(b), but @in contains only small integers:, d) A way to do (b) without any -loops or greps:, e) Like (d), but @in contains only small positive -integers: +=item The Solution -=item How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain element? +=item Syntax -=item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the -intersection of two arrays? +=over 4 -=item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal? +=item Making References -=item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true? +=item Using References -=item How do I handle linked lists? +=back -=item How do I handle circular lists? +=item An Example -=item How do I shuffle an array randomly? +=item Arrow Rule -=item How do I process/modify each element of an array? +=item Solution -=item How do I select a random element from an array? +=item The Rest -=item How do I permute N elements of a list? +=item Summary -=item How do I sort an array by (anything)? +=item Credits -=item How do I manipulate arrays of bits? +=over 4 -=item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes? +=item Distribution Conditions =back -=item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays) +=back -=over +=head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook -=item How do I process an entire hash? +=over 4 -=item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over -it? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item How do I look up a hash element by value? +arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes, +more elaborate constructs -=item How can I know how many entries are in a hash? +=item REFERENCES -=item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)? +=item COMMON MISTAKES -=item How can I always keep my hash sorted? +=item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE -=item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes? +=item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C -=item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction? +=item DEBUGGING -=item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through? +=item CODE EXAMPLES -=item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes? +=item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS -=item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file? +=over 4 -=item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it? +=item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS -=item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create -it? +=item Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS -=item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or -array of hashes or arrays? +=item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS -=item How can I use a reference as a hash key? +=back + +=item HASHES OF ARRAYS + +=over 4 + +=item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS + +=item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS + +=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS =back -=item Data: Misc +=item ARRAYS OF HASHES -=over +=over 4 -=item How do I handle binary data correctly? +=item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES -=item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float? +=item Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES -=item How do I keep persistent data across program calls? +=item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES -=item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure? +=back -=item How do I define methods for every class/object? +=item HASHES OF HASHES -=item How do I verify a credit card checksum? +=over 4 -=item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code? +=item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES + +=item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES + +=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES + +=back + +=item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS + +=over 4 + +=item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS + +=item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS + +=item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS + +=back + +=item Database Ties + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item The Guide + +=over 4 + +=item Simple word matching + +=item Using character classes + +=item Matching this or that + +=item Grouping things and hierarchical matching + +=item Extracting matches + +=item Matching repetitions + +=item More matching + +=item Search and replace + +=item The split operator =back +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=over 4 + +=item Acknowledgments + =back -=head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 -16:08:30 $) +=back + +=head2 perlpod - plain old documentation -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 -=item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this? +=item Verbatim Paragraph -=item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a -line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file? +=item Command Paragraph -=item How do I count the number of lines in a file? +=item Ordinary Block of Text -=item How do I make a temporary file name? +=item The Intent -=item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files? +=item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules -=item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass -filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles? +=item Common Pod Pitfalls -=item How can I use a filehandle indirectly? +=back -=item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()? +=item SEE ALSO -=item How can I write() into a string? +=item AUTHOR -=item How can I output my numbers with commas added? +=back -=item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename? +=head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide -=item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out? +=over 4 -=item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Is there a leak/bug in glob()? +=back + +=head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Awk Traps + +=item C Traps + +=item Sed Traps + +=item Shell Traps + +=item Perl Traps + +=item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps + +Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical +Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts, +Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc, +Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps + +=item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps + +Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, +Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, +Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance + +=item Parsing Traps + +Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing + +=item Numerical Traps + +Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops + +=item General data type traps + +(Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String), +(Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide) + +=item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts + +(list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin) + +=item Precedence Traps + +Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, +Precedence + +=item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc. + +Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular +Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, +Regular Expression + +=item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps + +(Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle + +=item OS Traps + +(SysV), (SysV) + +=item Interpolation Traps + +Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, +Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation + +=item DBM Traps + +DBM, DBM + +=item Unclassified Traps + +C/C trap using returned value, C on empty string with +LIMIT specified + +=back + +=back + +=head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems + +OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS + +=item Location of Perl + +=item Command Switches + +B<-0>[I], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I, +B<-D>I, B<-D>I, B<-e> I, B<-F>I, +B<-h>, B<-i>[I], B<-I>I, B<-l>[I], +B<-m>[B<->]I, B<-M>[B<->]I, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>, +B<-[mM]>[B<->]I, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>, +B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>, +B<-x> I + +=back + +=item ENVIRONMENT + +HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL +(specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, +PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port) + +=back + +=head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings + +=item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W> + +=item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line + +B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X> + +=item Backward Compatibility + +=item Category Hierarchy + +=item Fatal Warnings + +=item Reporting Warnings from a Module + +=back + +=item TODO + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item use strict + +=item Looking at data and -w and w + +=item help + +=item Stepping through code + +=item Placeholder for a, w, t, T + +=item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS + +=item OUTPUT TIPS + +=item CGI + +=item GUIs + +=item SUMMARY + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=item CONTRIBUTORS + +=back + +=head2 perldebug - Perl debugging + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item The Perl Debugger + +=over 4 + +=item Debugger Commands + +h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n +[expr], r, , c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, +-, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr, +b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname +[condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line] +command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O +option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >> +command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! +cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man [manpage] + +=item Configurable Options + +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C + +=item Debugger input/output + +Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame +listing + +=item Debugging compile-time statements + +=item Debugger Customization + +=item Readline Support + +=item Editor Support for Debugging + +=item The Perl Profiler + +=back + +=item Debugging regular expressions + +=item Debugging memory usage + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item BUGS + +=back + +=head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Predefined Names + +$ARG, $_, $a, $b, $>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $', +$LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, +input_line_number HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, +input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, +autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE +EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE +EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", +$SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE +EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR, +$FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR, +$FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, @-, C<$`> is the same as +C, C<$&> is the same as C, C<$'> is the same as C, C<$1> is the same +as C, C<$2> is the same as +C, C<$3> is the same as C, format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~, +format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^, +format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, +$:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, +$CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, +$EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, +$EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, +$EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, +$DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, +$OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, +0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, +$BASETIME, $^T, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, +${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @F, @INC, @_, +%INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr} + +=item Error Indicators + +=item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names + +=back + +=item BUGS + +=back + +=head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays + +=item Growing Your Own + +=item Access and Printing + +=item Slices + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Open E la shell + +=over 4 + +=item Simple Opens + +=item Pipe Opens + +=item The Minus File + +=item Mixing Reads and Writes + +=item Filters + +=back + +=item Open E la C + +=over 4 + +=item Permissions E la mode + +=back + +=item Obscure Open Tricks + +=over 4 + +=item Re-Opening Files (dups) + +=item Dispelling the Dweomer + +=item Paths as Opens + +=item Single Argument Open + +=item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT + +=back + +=item Other I/O Issues + +=over 4 + +=item Opening Non-File Files + +=item Binary Files + +=item File Locking + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT + +=item HISTORY + +=back + +=head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Part 1: The basics + +=over 4 + +=item Simple word matching + +=item Using character classes + +=item Matching this or that + +=item Grouping things and hierarchical matching + +=item Extracting matches + +=item Matching repetitions + +=item Building a regexp + +=item Using regular expressions in Perl + +=back + +=item Part 2: Power tools + +=over 4 + +=item More on characters, strings, and character classes + +=item Compiling and saving regular expressions + +=item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression + +=item Non-capturing groupings + +=item Looking ahead and looking behind + +=item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking + +=item Conditional expressions + +=item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression + +=item Pragmas and debugging + +=back + +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=over 4 + +=item Acknowledgments + +=back + +=back + +=head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +i, m, s, x + +=over 4 + +=item Regular Expressions + +cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit + +=item Extended Patterns + +C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>, +C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?, C<(?{ +code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>, +C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)> + +=item Backtracking + +=item Version 8 Regular Expressions + +=item Warning on \1 vs $1 + +=item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring + +=item Combining pieces together + +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>, +C<(?!S)>, C<(?, C<(??{ EXPR })>, +C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)> + +=item Creating custom RE engines + +=back + +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures + +=over 4 + +=item NOTE + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Making References + +=item Using References + +=item Symbolic references + +=item Not-so-symbolic references + +=item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash + +=item Function Templates + +=back + +=item WARNING + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlform - Perl formats + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Format Variables + +=back + +=item NOTES + +=over 4 + +=item Footers + +=item Accessing Formatting Internals + +=back + +=item WARNINGS + +=back + +=head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item If we could talk to the animals... + +=item Introducing the method invocation arrow + +=item Invoking a barnyard + +=item The extra parameter of method invocation + +=item Calling a second method to simplify things + +=item Inheriting the windpipes + +=item A few notes about @ISA + +=item Overriding the methods + +=item Starting the search from a different place + +=item The SUPER way of doing things + +=item Where we're at so far... + +=item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it? + +=item Invoking an instance method + +=item Accessing the instance data + +=item How to build a horse + +=item Inheriting the constructor + +=item Making a method work with either classes or instances + +=item Adding parameters to a method + +=item More interesting instances + +=item A horse of a different color + +=item Summary + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Creating a Class + +=over 4 + +=item Object Representation + +=item Class Interface + +=item Constructors and Instance Methods + +=item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors + +=item Destructors + +=item Other Object Methods + +=back + +=item Class Data + +=over 4 + +=item Accessing Class Data + +=item Debugging Methods + +=item Class Destructors + +=item Documenting the Interface + +=back + +=item Aggregation + +=item Inheritance + +=over 4 + +=item Overridden Methods + +=item Multiple Inheritance + +=item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects + +=back + +=item Alternate Object Representations + +=over 4 + +=item Arrays as Objects + +=item Closures as Objects + +=back + +=item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods + +=over 4 + +=item Autoloaded Data Methods + +=item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods + +=back + +=item Metaclassical Tools + +=over 4 + +=item Class::Struct + +=item Data Members as Variables + +=back + +=item NOTES + +=over 4 + +=item Object Terminology + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=over 4 + +=item Acknowledgments + +=back + +=back + +=head2 perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Class Data in a Can + +=item Class Data as Package Variables + +=over 4 + +=item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket + +=item Inheritance Concerns + +=item The Eponymous Meta-Object + +=item Indirect References to Class Data + +=item Monadic Classes + +=item Translucent Attributes + +=back + +=item Class Data as Lexical Variables + +=over 4 + +=item Privacy and Responsibility + +=item File-Scoped Lexicals + +=item More Inheritance Concerns + +=item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key + +=item Translucency Revisited + +=back + +=item NOTES + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS + +=item HISTORY + +=back + +=head2 perlobj - Perl objects + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item An Object is Simply a Reference + +=item A Class is Simply a Package + +=item A Method is Simply a Subroutine + +=item Method Invocation + +=item Indirect Object Syntax + +=item Default UNIVERSAL methods + +isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ) + +=item Destructors + +=item Summary + +=item Two-Phased Garbage Collection + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT) + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item OO SCALING TIPS + +=item INSTANCE VARIABLES + +=item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES + +=item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE + +=item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS + +=item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS + +=item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM + +=item THINKING OF CODE REUSE + +=item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT + +=item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR + +=item DELEGATION + +=back + +=head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Tying Scalars + +TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this, +DESTROY this + +=item Tying Arrays + +TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value, +FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this, +key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this, +UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY +this + +=item Tying Hashes + +USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE +this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY +this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this + +=item Tying FileHandles + +TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, +LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this, +DESTROY this + +=item UNTIE this + +=item The C Gotcha + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, +safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores) + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Signals + +=item Named Pipes + +=over 4 + +=item WARNING + +=back + +=item Using open() for IPC + +=over 4 + +=item Filehandles + +=item Background Processes + +=item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent + +=item Safe Pipe Opens + +=item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process + +=item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself + +=back + +=item Sockets: Client/Server Communication + +=over 4 + +=item Internet Line Terminators + +=item Internet TCP Clients and Servers + +=item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers + +=back + +=item TCP Clients with IO::Socket + +=over 4 + +=item A Simple Client + +C, C, C + +=item A Webget Client + +=item Interactive Client with IO::Socket + +=back + +=item TCP Servers with IO::Socket + +Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse + +=item UDP: Message Passing + +=item SysV IPC + +=item NOTES + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change) + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes + +$$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept +filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to +files, directories and network sockets + +=item Resource limits + +=item Killing the parent process + +=item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes + +=item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS + +BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented, +Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger +application, Thread-safety of extensions + +=back + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Storing numbers + +=item Numeric operators and numeric conversions + +=item Flavors of Perl numeric operations + +Arithmetic operators except, C, Arithmetic operators except, +C, Bitwise operators, C, Bitwise operators, C, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a +string + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item What Is A Thread Anyway? + +=item Threaded Program Models + +=over 4 + +=item Boss/Worker + +=item Work Crew + +=item Pipeline + +=back + +=item Native threads + +=item What kind of threads are perl threads? + +=item Threadsafe Modules + +=item Thread Basics + +=over 4 + +=item Basic Thread Support + +=item Creating Threads + +=item Giving up control + +=item Waiting For A Thread To Exit + +=item Errors In Threads + +=item Ignoring A Thread + +=back + +=item Threads And Data + +=over 4 + +=item Shared And Unshared Data + +=item Thread Pitfall: Races + +=item Controlling access: lock() + +=item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks + +=item Queues: Passing Data Around + +=back + +=item Threads And Code + +=over 4 + +=item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access + +Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores + +=item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines + +=item Subroutine Locks + +=item Methods + +=item Locking A Subroutine + +=back + +=item General Thread Utility Routines + +=over 4 + +=item What Thread Am I In? + +=item Thread IDs + +=item Are These Threads The Same? + +=item What Threads Are Running? + +=back + +=item A Complete Example + +=item Conclusion + +=item Bibliography + +=over 4 + +=item Introductory Texts + +=item OS-Related References + +=item Other References + +=back + +=item Acknowledgements + +=item AUTHOR + +=item Copyrights + +=back + +=head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I +portable + +=item ISSUES + +=over 4 + +=item Newlines + +=item Numbers endianness and Width + +=item Files and Filesystems + +=item System Interaction + +=item Interprocess Communication (IPC) + +=item External Subroutines (XS) + +=item Standard Modules + +=item Time and Date + +=item Character sets and character encoding + +=item Internationalisation + +=item System Resources + +=item Security + +=item Style + +=back + +=item CPAN Testers + +Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results: +http://testers.cpan.org/ + +=item PLATFORMS + +=over 4 + +=item Unix + +=item DOS and Derivatives + +=item S + +=item VMS + +=item VOS + +=item EBCDIC Platforms + +=item Acorn RISC OS + +=item Other perls + +=back + +=item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS + +=over 4 + +=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions + +-I FILEHANDLE, -I EXPR, -I, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode +FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt +PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec +LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, +getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, +getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr +ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, +getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, +setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, +setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, +endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, +ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, +lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, +msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, +open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, +select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget +KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP, +setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt +SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, +shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET, +socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat +EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen +FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate +FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST, +wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS + +=back + +=item CHANGES + +v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000, +v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 +May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February +1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September +1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, +v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998 + +=item Supported Platforms + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS + +=item VERSION + +=back + +=head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and +localization) + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES + +=item USING LOCALES + +=over 4 + +=item The use locale pragma + +=item The setlocale function + +=item Finding locales + +=item LOCALE PROBLEMS + +=item Temporarily fixing locale problems + +=item Permanently fixing locale problems + +=item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration + +=item Fixing system locale configuration + +=item The localeconv function + +=back + +=item LOCALE CATEGORIES + +=over 4 + +=item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation + +=item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types + +=item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting + +=item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts + +=item LC_TIME + +=item Other categories + +=back + +=item SECURITY + +=item ENVIRONMENT + +PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, +LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG + +=item NOTES + +=over 4 + +=item Backward compatibility + +=item I18N:Collate obsolete + +=item Sort speed and memory use impacts + +=item write() and LC_NUMERIC + +=item Freely available locale definitions + +=item I18n and l10n + +=item An imperfect standard + +=back + +=item BUGS + +=over 4 + +=item Broken systems + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item HISTORY + +=back + +=head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Important Caveats + +Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C still needed +to enable a few features + +=item Byte and Character semantics + +=item Effects of character semantics + +=item Character encodings for input and output + +=back + +=item CAVEATS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS + +=over 4 + +=item ASCII + +=item ISO 8859 + +=item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1) + +=item EBCDIC + +=item 13 variant characters + +=item 0037 + +=item 1047 + +=item POSIX-BC + +=item Unicode and UTF + +=back + +=item SINGLE OCTET TABLES + +recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6 + +=item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS + +=item CONVERSIONS + +=over 4 + +=item tr/// + +=item iconv + +=item C RTL + +=back + +=item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES + +=item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES + +chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack() + +=item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES + +=item SOCKETS + +=item SORTING + +=over 4 + +=item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences. + +=item MONO CASE then sort data. + +=item Convert, sort data, then re convert. + +=item Perform sorting on one type of machine only. + +=back + +=item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS + +=over 4 + +=item URL decoding and encoding + +=item uu encoding and decoding + +=item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding + +=item Caesarian ciphers + +=back + +=item Hashing order and checksums + +=item I18N AND L10N + +=item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS + +=item OS ISSUES + +=over 4 + +=item OS/400 + +IFS access + +=item OS/390, z/OS + +chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales + +=item VM/ESA? + +=item POSIX-BC? + +=back + +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item REFERENCES + +=item HISTORY + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 perlsec - Perl security + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data + +=item Switches On the "#!" Line + +=item Cleaning Up Your Path + +=item Security Bugs + +=item Protecting Your Programs + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables) + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Packages + +=item Symbol Tables + +=item Package Constructors and Destructors + +=item Perl Classes + +=item Perl Modules + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY + +=over 4 + +=item Pragmatic Modules + +attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, +diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, locale, open, ops, overload, +re, sigtrap, strict, subs, unicode::distinct, utf8, vars, warnings, +warnings::register + +=item Standard Modules + +AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, +B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug, +B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, +B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, +CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util, +CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA, +Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, DirHandle, +Dumpvalue, Encode, Encode::EncodeFormat, Encode::Tcl, English, Env, +Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Constant, +ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, +ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, +ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, +ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, +ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree, +File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path, +File::Spec, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, +File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, +File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, Filter::Simple, FindBin, +Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags, +I18N::LangTags::List, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Locale::Constants, +Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext, +Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, +Math::Trig, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent, +Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO, +Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, +Pod::Man, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, +Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, +Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, +Socket, Storable, Switch, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, +Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, +Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, +Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, +Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, +UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32 + +=item Extension Modules + +=back + +=item CPAN + +=over 4 + +=item Africa + +=item Asia + +=item Central America + +=item Europe + +=item North America + +=item Oceania + +=item South America + +=back + +=item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse + +=over 4 + +=item Guidelines for Module Creation + +Adding a Copyright Notice + +=item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules + +=item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code + +=back + +=item NOTE + +=back + +=head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item PREAMBLE + +B the file, B the file into a directory, B the +module (sometimes unnecessary), B the module + +=back + +=item PORTABILITY + +=item HEY + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Warning + +=item What should I make into a module? + +=item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground + +Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again + +=item Step-by-step: Making the module + +Start with F, Use L and L, Use +L, Use L - wisely!, Use L, Write tests, Write the README + +=item Step-by-step: Distributing your module + +Get a CPAN user ID, C, Upload the +tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs! + +=back + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $, $Date: +1999/05/23 16:08:30 $) + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item What is Perl? + +=item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free? + +=item Which version of Perl should I use? + +=item What are perl4 and perl5? + +=item What is perl6? + +=item How stable is Perl? + +=item Is Perl difficult to learn? + +=item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, +Scheme, or Tcl? + +=item Can I do [task] in Perl? + +=item When shouldn't I program in Perl? + +=item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"? + +=item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script? + +=item What is a JAPH? + +=item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms? + +=item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version +5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language? + +=back + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.32 $, +$Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09 $) + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it? + +=item How can I get a binary version of Perl? + +=item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl? + +=item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts +don't work. + +=item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic +loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work? + +=item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN? +What does CPAN/src/... mean? + +=item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl? + +=item Where can I get information on Perl? + +=item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions? + +=item Where should I post source code? + +=item Perl Books + +References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics + +=item Perl in Magazines + +=item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access + +=item What mailing lists are there for Perl? + +=item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc + +=item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl? + +=item Where do I send bug reports? + +=item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? + +=back + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 +16:08:30 $) + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item How do I do (anything)? + +=item How can I use Perl interactively? + +=item Is there a Perl shell? + +=item How do I debug my Perl programs? + +=item How do I profile my Perl programs? + +=item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs? + +=item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl? + +=item Is there a ctags for Perl? + +=item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor? + +Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, +CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright, +MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha + +=item Where can I get Perl macros for vi? + +=item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs? + +=item How can I use curses with Perl? + +=item How can I use X or Tk with Perl? + +=item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk? + +=item What is undump? + +=item How can I make my Perl program run faster? + +=item How can I make my Perl program take less memory? + +=item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data? + +=item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks? + +=item How can I make my CGI script more efficient? + +=item How can I hide the source for my Perl program? + +=item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C? + +=item How can I compile Perl into Java? + +=item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]? + +=item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line? + +=item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system? + +=item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl? + +=item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming? + +=item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp] + +=item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in +my C program; what am I doing wrong? + +=item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it +mean? + +=item What's MakeMaker? + +=back + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 +20:37:49 $) + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Data: Numbers + +=over 4 + +=item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the +numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)? + +=item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly? + +=item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()? +Trig functions? + +=item How do I convert bits into ints? + +=item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to? + +=item How do I multiply matrices? + +=item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers? + +=item How can I output Roman numerals? + +=item Why aren't my random numbers random? + +=back + +=item Data: Dates + +=over 4 + +=item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year? + +=item How do I find the current century or millennium? + +=item How can I compare two dates and find the difference? + +=item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds? + +=item How can I find the Julian Day? + +=item How do I find yesterday's date? + +=item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant? + +=back + +=item Data: Strings + +=over 4 + +=item How do I validate input? + +=item How do I unescape a string? + +=item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters? + +=item How do I expand function calls in a string? + +=item How do I find matching/nesting anything? + +=item How do I reverse a string? + +=item How do I expand tabs in a string? + +=item How do I reformat a paragraph? + +=item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string? + +=item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something? + +=item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a +string? + +=item How do I capitalize all the words on one line? + +=item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside +[character]? (Comma-separated files) + +=item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string? + +=item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes? + +=item How do I extract selected columns from a string? + +=item How do I find the soundex value of a string? + +=item How can I expand variables in text strings? + +=item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"? + +=item Why don't my <? + +=item Is there a leak/bug in glob()? + +=item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks? + +=item How can I reliably rename a file? + +=item How can I lock a file? + +=item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")? + +=item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in +the file. How can I do this? + +=item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a +file. Do I still have to use locking? + +=item How do I randomly update a binary file? + +=item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl? + +=item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl? + +=item How do I print to more than one file at once? + +=item How can I read in an entire file all at once? + +=item How can I read in a file by paragraphs? + +=item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard? + +=item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle? + +=item How do I do a C in perl? + +=item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl? + +=item How do I close a file descriptor by number? + +=item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't +`C:\temp\foo.exe` work? + +=item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files? + +=item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber +protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl? + +=item How do I select a random line from a file? + +=item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines? + +=back + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $) + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible +and unmaintainable code? + +Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters + +=item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong? + +=item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on +different lines? + +=item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong? + +=item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving +case on the RHS? + +=item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets? + +=item How can I match a locale-smart version of C? + +=item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex? + +=item What is C really for? + +=item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a +file? + +=item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text? + +=item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it? + +=item How do I process each word on each line? + +=item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary? + +=item How can I do approximate matching? + +=item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once? + +=item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me? + +=item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down? + +=item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression? + +=item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant? + +=item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context? + +=item How can I match strings with multibyte characters? + +=item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user? + +=back + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date: +1999/05/23 20:36:18 $) + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language? + +=item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to +use them? + +=item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and +commas? + +=item How do I skip some return values? + +=item How do I temporarily block warnings? + +=item What's an extension? + +=item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators? + +=item How do I declare/create a structure? + +=item How do I create a module? + +=item How do I create a class? + +=item How can I tell if a variable is tainted? + +=item What's a closure? + +=item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it? + +=item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method, +Regex}? + +Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes, +Passing Methods + +=item How do I create a static variable? + +=item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? +Between local() and my()? + +=item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical +is in scope? + +=item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding? + +=item Why doesn't "my($foo) = ;" work right? + +=item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method? + +=item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()? + +=item How do I create a switch or case statement? + +=item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods? + +=item Why can't a method included in this same file be found? + +=item How can I find out my current package? + +=item How can I comment out a large block of perl code? + +=item How do I clear a package? + +=item How can I use a variable as a variable name? + +=back + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.39 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 +18:37:57 $) + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under? + +=item How come exec() doesn't return? + +=item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse? + +Keyboard, Screen, Mouse + +=item How do I print something out in color? + +=item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key? + +=item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard? + +=item How do I clear the screen? + +=item How do I get the screen size? + +=item How do I ask the user for a password? + +=item How do I read and write the serial port? + +lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input + +=item How do I decode encrypted password files? + +=item How do I start a process in the background? + +STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies + +=item How do I trap control characters/signals? + +=item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system? + +=item How do I set the time and date? + +=item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second? + +=item How can I measure time under a second? + +=item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling) + +=item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What +does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean? + +=item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl? + +=item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()? + +=item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems? + +=item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command? + +=item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()? + +=item How can I capture STDERR from an external command? + +=item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails? + +=item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context? + +=item How can I call backticks without shell processing? + +=item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, +^Z on MS-DOS)? + +=item How can I convert my shell script to perl? + +=item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session? + +=item How can I write expect in Perl? + +=item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as +"ps"? + +=item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How +come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my +changes to be visible? + +Unix + +=item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to +complete? + +=item How do I fork a daemon process? + +=item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not? + +=item How do I timeout a slow event? + +=item How do I set CPU limits? + +=item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system? + +=item How do I use an SQL database? + +=item How do I make a system() exit on control-C? + +=item How do I open a file without blocking? + +=item How do I install a module from CPAN? + +=item What's the difference between require and use? + +=item How do I keep my own module/library directory? + +=item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library +search path? + +=item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime? + +=item What is socket.ph and where do I get it? + +=back + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.26 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 +$) + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500 +Server Error) + +=item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program? + +=item How do I remove HTML from a string? + +=item How do I extract URLs? + +=item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a +file on another machine? + +=item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML? + +=item How do I fetch an HTML file? + +=item How do I automate an HTML form submission? + +=item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web? + +=item How do I redirect to another page? + +=item How do I put a password on my web pages? + +=item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl? + +=item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my +CGI script to do bad things? + +=item How do I parse a mail header? + +=item How do I decode a CGI form? + +=item How do I check a valid mail address? + +=item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string? + +=item How do I return the user's mail address? + +=item How do I send mail? + +=item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message? + +=item How do I read mail? + +=item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address? + +=item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups? + +=item How do I fetch/put an FTP file? + +=item How can I do RPC in Perl? + +=back + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Layout + +B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref + +=back + +=item Using The Back Ends + +=over 4 + +=item The Cross Referencing Back End + +i, &, s, r + +=item The Decompiling Back End + +=item The Lint Back End + +=item The Simple C Back End + +=item The Bytecode Back End + +=item The Optimized C Back End + +B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, +B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, +B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref + +=back + +=item KNOWN PROBLEMS + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item PREAMBLE + +B, B, B, B, B + +=item ROADMAP + +=item Compiling your C program + +=item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program + +=item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program + +=item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program + +=item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program + +=item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program + +=item Maintaining a persistent interpreter + +=item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances + +=item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C +program + +=back + +=item Embedding Perl under Win32 + +=item MORAL + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Debugger Internals + +=over 4 + +=item Writing Your Own Debugger + +=back + +=item Frame Listing Output Examples + +=item Debugging regular expressions + +=over 4 + +=item Compile-time output + +C I C I, C I C +I, C, C, C +I, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C + +=item Types of nodes + +=item Run-time output + +=back + +=item Debugging Perl memory usage + +=over 4 + +=item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}> + +C, Free/Used, C, C, C, C, C + +=item Example of using B<-DL> switch + +C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704> + +=item B<-DL> details + +C, C, C + +=item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item SPECIAL NOTES + +=over 4 + +=item make + +=item Version caveat + +=item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading + +=back + +=item TUTORIAL + +=over 4 + +=item EXAMPLE 1 + +=item EXAMPLE 2 + +=item What has gone on? + +=item Writing good test scripts + +=item EXAMPLE 3 + +=item What's new here? + +=item Input and Output Parameters + +=item The XSUBPP Program + +=item The TYPEMAP file + +=item Warning about Output Arguments + +=item EXAMPLE 4 + +=item What has happened here? + +=item Anatomy of .xs file + +=item Getting the fat out of XSUBs + +=item More about XSUB arguments + +=item The Argument Stack + +=item Extending your Extension + +=item Documenting your Extension + +=item Installing your Extension + +=item EXAMPLE 5 + +=item New Things in this Example + +=item EXAMPLE 6 + +=item New Things in this Example + +=item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon) + +=item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon) + +=item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon) + +=item Troubleshooting these Examples + +=back + +=item See also + +=item Author + +=over 4 + +=item Last Changed + +=back + +=back + +=head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Introduction + +=item On The Road + +=item The Anatomy of an XSUB + +=item The Argument Stack + +=item The RETVAL Variable + +=item The MODULE Keyword + +=item The PACKAGE Keyword + +=item The PREFIX Keyword + +=item The OUTPUT: Keyword + +=item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword + +=item The CODE: Keyword + +=item The INIT: Keyword + +=item The NO_INIT Keyword + +=item Initializing Function Parameters + +=item Default Parameter Values + +=item The PREINIT: Keyword + +=item The SCOPE: Keyword + +=item The INPUT: Keyword + +=item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords + +=item Variable-length Parameter Lists + +=item The C_ARGS: Keyword + +=item The PPCODE: Keyword + +=item Returning Undef And Empty Lists + +=item The REQUIRE: Keyword + +=item The CLEANUP: Keyword + +=item The POST_CALL: Keyword + +=item The BOOT: Keyword + +=item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword + +=item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword + +=item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword + +=item The ALIAS: Keyword + +=item The INTERFACE: Keyword + +=item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword + +=item The INCLUDE: Keyword + +=item The CASE: Keyword + +=item The & Unary Operator + +=item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives + +=item Using XS With C++ + +=item Interface Strategy + +=item Perl Objects And C Structures + +=item The Typemap + +=back + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item XS VERSION + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Conventions + +C, C

, C, C + +=item File Operations + +=item File Input and Output + +=item File Positioning + +=item Memory Management and String Handling + +=item Character Class Tests + +=item F functions + +=item Miscellaneous functions + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Variables + +=over 4 + +=item Datatypes + +=item What is an "IV"? + +=item Working with SVs + +=item Offsets + +=item What's Really Stored in an SV? + +=item Working with AVs + +=item Working with HVs + +=item Hash API Extensions + +=item References + +=item Blessed References and Class Objects + +=item Creating New Variables + +=item Reference Counts and Mortality + +=item Stashes and Globs + +=item Double-Typed SVs + +=item Magic Variables + +=item Assigning Magic + +=item Magic Virtual Tables + +=item Finding Magic + +=item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays + +=item Localizing changes + +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, +C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, +C, C, C + +=back + +=item Subroutines + +=over 4 + +=item XSUBs and the Argument Stack + +=item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs + +=item Memory Allocation + +=item PerlIO + +=item Putting a C value on Perl stack + +=item Scratchpads + +=item Scratchpads and recursion + +=back + +=item Compiled code + +=over 4 + +=item Code tree + +=item Examining the tree + +=item Compile pass 1: check routines + +=item Compile pass 1a: constant folding + +=item Compile pass 2: context propagation + +=item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization + +=back + +=item Examining internal data structures with the C functions + +=item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported + +=over 4 -=item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks? +=item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT -=item How can I reliably rename a file? +=item So what happened to dTHR? -=item How can I lock a file? +=item How do I use all this in extensions? -=item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")? +=item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads? -=item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in -the file. How can I do this? +=item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS -=item How do I randomly update a binary file? +=back -=item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl? +=item Internal Functions -=item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl? +A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x -=item How do I print to more than one file at once? +=over 4 -=item How can I read in an entire file all at once? +=item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs -=item How can I read in a file by paragraphs? +=item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer -=item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard? +=item Source Documentation -=item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle? +=back -=item How do I do a C in perl? +=item Unicode Support -=item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl? +=over 4 -=item How do I close a file descriptor by number? +=item What B Unicode, anyway? -=item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't -`C:\temp\foo.exe` work? +=item How can I recognise a UTF8 string? -=item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files? +=item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters? -=item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber -protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl? +=item How does Perl store UTF8 strings? -=item How do I select a random line from a file? +=item How do I convert a string to UTF8? -=item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines? +=item Is there anything else I need to know? =back -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item AUTHORS + +=item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $) +=head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over +An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program -=item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible -and unmaintainable code? +=item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS -Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters +call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv -=item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong? +=item FLAG VALUES -=item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on -different lines? +=over 4 -=item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong? +=item G_VOID -=item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS, but preserving -case on the RHS? +=item G_SCALAR -=item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets? +=item G_ARRAY -=item How can I match a locale-smart version of C? +=item G_DISCARD -=item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex? +=item G_NOARGS -=item What is C really for? +=item G_EVAL -=item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a -file? +=item G_KEEPERR -=item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text? +=item Determining the Context -=item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it? +=back -=item How do I process each word on each line? +=item KNOWN PROBLEMS -=item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary? +=item EXAMPLES -=item How can I do approximate matching? +=over 4 -=item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once? +=item No Parameters, Nothing returned -=item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me? +=item Passing Parameters -=item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down? +=item Returning a Scalar -=item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression? +=item Returning a list of values -=item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant? +=item Returning a list in a scalar context -=item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context? +=item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list -=item How can I match strings with multibyte characters? +=item Using G_EVAL -=item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user? +=item Using G_KEEPERR -=back +=item Using call_sv -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item Using call_argv -=back +=item Using call_method -=head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date: -1999/05/23 20:36:18 $) +=item Using GIMME_V -=over +=item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information -=over +1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of +callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl +callback -=item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language? +=item Alternate Stack Manipulation -=item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to -use them? +=item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C -=item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and -commas? +=back -=item How do I skip some return values? +=item SEE ALSO -=item How do I temporarily block warnings? +=item AUTHOR -=item What's an extension? +=item DATE -=item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators? +=back -=item How do I declare/create a structure? +=head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution -=item How do I create a module? +=over 4 -=item How do I create a class? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item How can I tell if a variable is tainted? +=over 4 -=item What's a closure? +=item DOCUMENTATION -=item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it? +L, L and L, +L and L, L, +L, L, L, +L -=item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method, -Regex}? +=item CONVERTORS -Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes, -Passing Methods +L, L, L -=item How do I create a static variable? +=item Development -=item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? -Between local() and my()? +L, L, L and L, +L, L, L -=item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical -is in scope? +=item SEE ALSO -=item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding? +=back -=item Why doesn't "my($foo) = ;" work right? +=back -=item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method? +=head2 perlfilter - Source Filters -=item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()? +=over 4 -=item How do I create a switch or case statement? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods? +=item CONCEPTS -=item Why can't a method included in this same file be found? +=item USING FILTERS -=item How can I find out my current package? +=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER -=item How can I comment out a large block of perl code? +=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C -=item How do I clear a package? +B -=item How can I use a variable as a variable name? +=item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE -=back +=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER + +=item CONCLUSION + +=item REQUIREMENTS + +=item AUTHOR + +=item Copyrights =back -=head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.39 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 -18:37:57 $) +=head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters -=over +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +B, B, B, +B -=item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under? +=over 4 -=item How come exec() doesn't return? +=item The Filter -=item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse? +=item An Example -- the NULL termination problem. -Keyboard, Screen, Mouse +=item Another Example -- Key is a C int. -=item How do I print something out in color? +=back -=item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key? +=item SEE ALSO -=item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard? +=item AUTHOR -=item How do I clear the screen? +=back -=item How do I get the screen size? +=head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API -=item How do I ask the user for a password? +=over 4 -=item How do I read and write the serial port? +=item DESCRIPTION -lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input +AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill, +av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, +bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, +CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, cv_const_sv, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, +dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND, fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, +get_av, get_cv, get_hv, get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, +gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY, +G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, +HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, +hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, +hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, +hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, +isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, items, +ix, LEAVE, load_module, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, +mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, New, newAV, +Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv, +newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv, +newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK, +perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, +PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn, +POPp, POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, +PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, require_pv, RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn, +SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, +strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, +SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, +SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, +SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, +SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVX, SvPV_force, +SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, +SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, +SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, svtype, SvTYPE, SVt_IV, +SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE, +SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv, +sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, +sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, +sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_free, sv_getcwd, +sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_len, +sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_pvn_force, +sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_realpath, sv_reftype, sv_replace, +sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, +sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn, +sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, +sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg, +sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags, +sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, +sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_vcatpvfn, +sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, +utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, +utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, +XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, +XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, +XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, +Zero -=item How do I decode encrypted password files? +=item AUTHORS -=item How do I start a process in the background? +=item SEE ALSO -STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies +=back -=item How do I trap control characters/signals? +=head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B + Perl functions -=item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system? +=over 4 -=item How do I set the time and date? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second? +djSP, is_gv_magical, LVRET, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, +PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs, start_glob -=item How can I measure time under a second? +=item AUTHORS -=item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling) +=item SEE ALSO -=item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What -does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean? +=back -=item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl? +=head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers. -=item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()? +=over 4 -=item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems? +=item SYNOPSIS -=item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()? +=over 4 -=item How can I capture STDERR from an external command? +=item History and Background -=item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails? +=item Layers vs Disciplines -=item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context? +=item Data Structures -=item How can I call backticks without shell processing? +1. The functions and attributes of the "layer class", 2. The per-instance +data for a particular handle -=item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, -^Z on MS-DOS)? +=item Functions and Attributes -=item How can I convert my shell script to perl? +=item Per-instance Data -=item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session? +=item Layers in action. -=item How can I write expect in Perl? +=item Per-instance flag bits -=item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as -"ps"? +PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR, +PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8, +PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF, +PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS -=item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How -come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my -changes to be visible? +=item Methods in Detail -Unix + IV (*Pushed)(PerlIO *f,const char *mode, SV *arg);, IV + (*Popped)(PerlIO *f);, PerlIO * (*Open)(...);, SV * +(*Getarg)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Fileno)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t +(*Read)(PerlIO *f, void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Unread)(PerlIO +*f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Write)(PerlIO *f, const +void *vbuf, Size_t count);, IV (*Seek)(PerlIO *f, Off_t +offset, int whence);, Off_t (*Tell)(PerlIO *f);, IV + (*Close)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Flush)(PerlIO *f);, IV + (*Fill)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Eof)(PerlIO *f);, IV + (*Error)(PerlIO *f);, void (*Clearerr)(PerlIO *f);, void + (*Setlinebuf)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR * (*Get_base)(PerlIO *f);, +Size_t (*Get_bufsiz)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR * +(*Get_ptr)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t (*Get_cnt)(PerlIO *f);, void + (*Set_ptrcnt)(PerlIO *f,STDCHAR *ptr,SSize_t cnt); -=item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to -complete? +=item Core Layers -=item How do I fork a daemon process? +"unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8" -=item How do I make my program run with sh and csh? +=item Extension Layers -=item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not? +":encoding", ":Scalar", ":Object" or ":Perl" -=item How do I timeout a slow event? +=back -=item How do I set CPU limits? +=back -=item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system? +=head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface. -=item How do I use an SQL database? +=over 4 -=item How do I make a system() exit on control-C? +=item SYNOPSIS -=item How do I open a file without blocking? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item How do I install a module from CPAN? +1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, +B, B, +B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B + +=over 4 + +=item Co-existence with stdio -=item What's the difference between require and use? +B, B, +B, B -=item How do I keep my own module/library directory? +=item "Fast gets" Functions -=item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library -search path? +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B -=item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime? +=item Other Functions -=item What is socket.ph and where do I get it? +PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers), +'E' read, 'E' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...) =back -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT - =back -=head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.26 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 -$) +=head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over - -=item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500 -Server Error) +=item To do during 5.6.x -=item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program? +=over 4 -=item How do I remove HTML from a string? +=item Support for I/O disciplines -=item How do I extract URLs? +=item Eliminate need for "use utf8"; -=item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a -file on another machine? +=item Autoload byte.pm -=item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML? +=item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work -=item How do I fetch an HTML file? +=item Overloadable regex assertions -=item How do I automate an HTML form submission? +=item Unicode collation and normalization -=item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web? +=item Unicode case mappings -=item How do I redirect to another page? +=item Unicode regular expression character classes -=item How do I put a password on my web pages? +=item use Thread for iThreads -=item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl? +=item make perl_clone optionally clone ops -=item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my -CGI script to do bad things? +=item Work out exit/die semantics for threads -=item How do I parse a mail header? +=item Typed lexicals for compiler -=item How do I decode a CGI form? +=item Compiler workarounds for Win32 -=item How do I check a valid mail address? +=item AUTOLOADing in the compiler -=item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string? +=item Fixing comppadlist when compiling -=item How do I return the user's mail address? +=item Cleaning up exported namespace -=item How do I send mail? +=item Complete signal handling -=item How do I read mail? +=item Out-of-source builds -=item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address? +=item POSIX realtime support -=item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups? +=item UNIX98 support -=item How do I fetch/put an FTP file? +=item IPv6 Support -=item How can I do RPC in Perl? +=item Long double conversion -=back +=item Locales -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item Thread-safe regexes -=back +=item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals -=head2 perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0 +=item POSIX Unicode character classes -=over +=item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization) -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Security audit shipped utilities -=item Incompatible Changes +=item Custom opcodes -=over +=item spawnvp() on Win32 -=item Perl Source Incompatibilities +=item DLL Versioning -CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed +=item Introduce @( and @) -=item Perl's version numbering has changed +=item Floating point handling -Literals of the form C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed -pseudo-random number generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, -C fails on read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe -and socket handles, Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, -delete(), values() and C<\(%h)> operate on aliases to values, not copies, -vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS, Text of some diagnostic -output has changed, C<%@> has been removed, Parenthesized not() behaves -like a list operator, Semantics of bareword prototype C<(*)> have changed +=item IV/UV preservation -=item On 64-bit platforms the semantics of bit operators have changed +=item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser -=item C Source Incompatibilities +=item Automate module testing on CPAN -C, C, C +=item sendmsg and recvmsg -=item Compatible C Source API Changes +=item Rewrite perlre documentation -C is now C +=item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles -=item Binary Incompatibilities +=item Document Win32 choices -=back +=item Check new modules -=item Installation and Configuration Improvements +=item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself -=over +=back -=item -Dusethreads means something different +=item To do at some point -=item New Configure flags +=over 4 -=item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring +=item Remove regular expression recursion -=item Long Doubles +=item Memory leaks after failed eval -=item -Dusemorebits +=item pack "(stuff)*" -=item -Duselargefiles +=item bitfields in pack -=item installusrbinperl +=item Cross compilation -=item SOCKS support +=item Perl preprocessor / macros -=item C<-A> flag +=item Perl lexer in Perl -=item Enhanced Installation Directories +=item Using POSIX calls internally -=back +=item -i rename file when changed -=item Core Changes +=item All ARGV input should act like EE -=over +=item Support for rerunning debugger -=item Unicode and UTF-8 support +=item my sub foo { } -=item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency +=item One-pass global destruction -=item Lexically scoped warning categories +=item Rewrite regexp parser -=item Lvalue subroutines +=item Cache recently used regexps -=item "our" declarations +=item Re-entrant functions -=item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals +=item Cross-compilation support -=item Weak references +=item Bit-shifting bitvectors -=item File globbing implemented internally +=item debugger pragma -=item Binary numbers supported +=item use less pragma -=item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references +=item switch structures -=item exists() is supported on subroutine names +=item Cache eval tree -=item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements +=item rcatmaybe -=item syswrite() ease-of-use +=item Shrink opcode tables -=item File and directory handles can be autovivified +=item Optimize away @_ -=item open() with more than two arguments +=item Prototypes versus indirect objects -=item 64-bit support +=item Install HMTL -=item Large file support +=item Prototype method calls -=item Long doubles +=item Return context prototype declarations -=item "more bits" +=item magic_setisa -=item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines +=item Garbage collection -=item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators +=item IO tutorial -=item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported +=item pack/unpack tutorial -=item Improved C operator +=item Rewrite perldoc -=item pack() format 'Z' supported +=item Install .3p manpages -=item pack() format modifier '!' supported +=item Unicode tutorial -=item pack() and unpack() support counted strings +=item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2 -=item Comments in pack() templates +=item Retargetable installation -=item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character +=item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems -=item C implicit in subroutine attributes +=item Rename Win32 headers -=item Support for interpolating named characters +=item Finish off lvalue functions -=item C and C may be overridden +=item Update sprintf documentation -=item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch +=item Use fchown/fchmod internally -=item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string +=back -=item Optional Y2K warnings +=item Vague ideas -=back +=over 4 -=item Significant bug fixes +=item ref() in list context -=over +=item Make tr/// return histogram -=item on empty files +=item Compile to real threaded code -=item C improvements +=item Structured types -=item All compilation errors are true errors +=item Modifiable $1 et al. -=item Automatic flushing of output buffers +=item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc. -=item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations +=item RPC modules -=item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle +=item Attach/detach debugger from running program -=item eof() has the same old magic as <> +=item Alternative RE syntax module -=item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure +=item GUI::Native -=item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer +=item foreach(reverse ...) -=item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}> +=item Constant function cache -=item Pseudo-hashes work better +=item Approximate regular expression matching -=item C and AUTOLOAD +=back -=item C<-bareword> allowed under C +=item Ongoing -=item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues +=over 4 -=item C allowed +=item Update guts documentation -=item Failures in DESTROY() +=item Add more tests -=item Locale bugs fixed +=item Update auxiliary tools -=item Memory leaks +=back -=item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls +=item Recently done things -=item Taint failures under C<-U> +=over 4 -=item END blocks and the C<-c> switch +=item Safe signal handling -=item Potential to leak DATA filehandles +=item Tie Modules -=item Diagnostics follow STDERR +=item gettimeofday -=item Other fixes for better diagnostics +=item setitimer and getimiter -=back +=item Testing __DIE__ hook -=item Performance enhancements +=item CPP equivalent in Perl -=over +=item Explicit switch statements -=item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized +=item autocroak -=item Optimized assignments to lexical variables +=item UTF/EBCDIC -=item Faster subroutine calls +=item UTF Regexes -=back +=item perlcc to produce executable -=item Platform specific changes +=item END blocks saved in compiled output -=over +=item Secure temporary file module -=item Supported platforms +=item Integrate Time::HiRes -=item DOS +=item Turn Cwd into XS -=item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS) +=item Mmap for input -=item VMS +=item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion -=item Win32 +=item Add sockatmark support -=back +=item Mailing list archives -=item New tests +=item Bug tracking -=item Modules and Pragmata +=item Integrate MacPerl -=over +=item Web "nerve center" for Perl -=item Modules +=item Regular expression tutorial -attributes, B, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper, DB, DB_File, -Devel::DProf, Dumpvalue, Benchmark, Devel::Peek, English, Env, Fcntl, -File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions, -Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, -Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker, podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, -Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage, pod2usage, Pod::Text and -Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname, Term::ANSIColor, -Time::Local, Win32, DBM Filters +=item Debugging Tutorial -=item Pragmata +=item Integrate new modules -=back +=item Integrate profiler -=item Utility Changes +=item Y2K error detection -=over +=item Regular expression debugger -=item perlcc +=item POD checker -=item perldoc +=item "Dynamic" lexicals -=item The Perl Debugger +=item Cache precompiled modules =back -=item Documentation Changes +=item Deprecated Wishes -perlapi.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, -perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod, perlintern.pod, perlopentut.pod, -perlreftut.pod, perlboot.pod, perltootc.pod, perlunicode.pod +=over 4 -=item New or Changed Diagnostics +=item Loop control on do{} -"%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet -implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s, -/ cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed -by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape -\\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class -passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too -early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s -argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a -subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: -%s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad -evalled substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in -conditional, Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 -non-portable, Bit vector size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in -prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare -class for non-scalar %s in "%s", Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore -signal CHLD, forcing to default, Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, -Can't read CRTL environ, Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return -%s from lvalue subroutine, Can't weaken a nonreference, Character class -[:%s:] unknown, Character class syntax [%s] belongs inside character -classes, Constant is not %s reference, constant(%s): %%^H is not localized, -constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated, -defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, Did you mean -"local" instead of "our"?, Document contains no data, entering effective %s -failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for -output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires -explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable, -Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: -|%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal -number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute: -%s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid -separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in -subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs -returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing -%sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub", -No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our", -No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time -is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref, -panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing -around "%s" list, Possible Y2K bug: %s, Premature end of script headers, -Repeat count in pack overflows, Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() -of freed memory ignored, Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take -arguments, Strange *+?{} on zero-length expression, switching effective %s -is not implemented, This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This -Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s), Unknown open() mode '%s', -Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized escape -\\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list, -Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in subroutine -attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of CLI symbol -"%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number +=item Lexically scoped typeglobs -=item Obsolete Diagnostics +=item format BOTTOM -Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed -logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, Probable precedence problem on %s, -regexp too big, Use of "$$" to mean "${$}" is deprecated +=item report HANDLE -=item BUGS +=item Generalised want()/caller()) -=item SEE ALSO +=item Named prototypes -=item HISTORY +=item Built-in globbing -=back +=item Regression tests for suidperl -=head2 perldata - Perl data types +=item Cached hash values -=over +=item Add compression modules -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references -=over +=item Remove distinction between functions and operators -=item Variable names +=item Make XS easier to use -=item Context +=item Make embedding easier to use -=item Scalar values +=item man for perl -=item Scalar value constructors +=item my $Package::variable -=item List value constructors +=item "or" tests defined, not truth -=item Slices +=item "class"-based lexicals -=item Typeglobs and Filehandles +=item byteperl -=back +=item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal -=item SEE ALSO +=back =back -=head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax +=head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over +Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the +implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is +the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does +it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is +the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is there enough +documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much +work?, Patches speak louder than words -=item Declarations +=over 4 -=item Simple statements +=item Keeping in sync -=item Compound statements +rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the +NFS, rsync'ing the patches, It's easier, It's more recent, It's more +reliable, It's easier, It's a good reference, Finding a start point, +Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour -=item Loop Control +=item Submitting patches -=item For Loops +L, L and L, L, +F, The perl5-porters FAQ -=item Foreach Loops +=item Finding Your Way Around -=item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements +Core modules, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter -=item Goto +=item Elements of the interpreter -=item PODs: Embedded Documentation +Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running -=item Plain Old Comments (Not!) +=item Internal Variable Types -=back +=item Op Trees -=back +=item Stacks -=head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence +Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack -=over +=item Millions of Macros -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Poking at Perl -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Using a source-level debugger -=over +run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue, +finish, 'enter', print -=item Terms and List Operators (Leftward) +=item Dumping Perl Data Structures -=item The Arrow Operator +=item Patching -=item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement +=back -=item Exponentiation +=item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL -=item Symbolic Unary Operators +=over 4 -=item Binding Operators +=item Rational Software's Purify -=item Multiplicative Operators +=item Purify on Unix -=item Additive Operators +-Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity -=item Shift Operators +=item Purify on NT -=item Named Unary Operators +DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug -=item Relational Operators +=item Compaq's/Digital's Third Degree -=item Equality Operators +=item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL -=item Bitwise And +=item Gprof Profiling -=item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or +-a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z -=item C-style Logical And +=item Pixie Profiling -=item C-style Logical Or +-h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage, +-z[ero] -=item Range Operators +=item CONCLUSION -=item Conditional Operator +I -=item Assignment Operators +=back -=item Comma Operator +=item AUTHOR -=item List Operators (Rightward) +=back -=item Logical Not +=head2 perlhist - the Perl history records -=item Logical And +=over 4 -=item Logical or and Exclusive Or +=item DESCRIPTION -=item C Operators Missing From Perl +=item INTRODUCTION -unary &, unary *, (TYPE) +=item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN -=item Quote and Quote-like Operators +=over 4 -=item Regexp Quote-Like Operators +=item PUMPKIN? -?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>, -qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/, -s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cdsUC, -y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cdsUC +=back -=item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs +=item THE RECORDS + +=over 4 + +=item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES + +=item SELECTED PATCH SIZES + +=back -Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation, -C<<<'EOF'>, C, C, C, C, C<''>, C, C<"">, -C<``>, C, C, C<< >>, C, C, C, -C,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of -regular expressions +=item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS -=item I/O Operators +=back -=item Constant Folding +=head2 perldelta - what will be new for perl v5.8.0 -=item Bitwise String Operators +=over 4 -=item Integer Arithmetic +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Floating-point Arithmetic +=item Reporting Bugs -=item Bigger Numbers +=item SEE ALSO -=back +=item HISTORY =back -=head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions +=head2 perl572delta, perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2 -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -i, m, s, x +=item Security Vulnerability Closed -=over +=item Incompatible Changes -=item Regular Expressions +=item Future Deprecations -cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit +=item Core Enhancements -=item Extended Patterns +=item Modules and Pragmata -C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>, -C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?, C<(?{ -code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>, -C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)> +=over 4 -=item Backtracking +=item New Modules -=item Version 8 Regular Expressions +=item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata -=item Warning on \1 vs $1 +=back -=item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring +=item Performance Enhancements -=item Combining pieces together +=item Utility Changes -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>, -C<(?!S)>, C<(?, C<(??{ EXPR })>, -C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)> +=item New Documentation -=item Creating custom RE engines +=item Installation and Configuration Improvements -=back +=over 4 -=item BUGS +=item New Or Improved Platforms -=item SEE ALSO +=item Generic Improvements =back -=head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter +=item Selected Bug Fixes -=over +=over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes -=item DESCRIPTION +=back -=over +=item New or Changed Diagnostics -=item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems +=item Changed Internals -OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS +=over 4 -=item Location of Perl +=item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up -=item Command Switches +=back -B<-0>[I], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I, -B<-D>I, B<-D>I, B<-e> I, B<-F>I, -B<-h>, B<-i>[I], B<-I>I, B<-l>[I], -B<-m>[B<->]I, B<-M>[B<->]I, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>, -B<-[mM]>[B<->]I, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>, -B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>, -B<-x> I +=item New Tests -=back +=item Known Problems -=item ENVIRONMENT +=over 4 -HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL -(specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL +=item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl -=back +=item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure' -=head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions +=item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX -=over +=item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX -=item DESCRIPTION +=item lib/b test 19 -=over +=item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48 -=item Perl Functions by Category +=item sigaction test 13 in VMS -Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching, -Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data, -Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed -length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories, -Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related -to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process -groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and -object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess -communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network -info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted -in perl5 +=item sprintf tests 129 and 130 -=item Portability +=item Failure of Thread tests -=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions +=item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory -I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept -NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, -binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, -bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, -chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, -chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE, -connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, -dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete -EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump, -each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, -exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl -FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, -fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, -getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam -NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname -NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr -ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, -getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, -getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent -STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, -endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, -getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, -goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, -import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl -FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, -last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, -link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, -lock, log EXPR, log, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK -LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl -ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv -ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no -Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,LIST, open -FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, -our EXPR, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package, package NAMESPACE, pipe -READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE -LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, -LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, -qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, -rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, -readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR, -recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename -OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset, -return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex -STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar -EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select -FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl -ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send -SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority -WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY, -shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, -shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep -EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair -SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST, -sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, -splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split -/PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, -sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, -study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr -EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr -EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen -FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread -FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek -FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite -FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, -syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie -VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate -FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, -ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack -TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST, -use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST, -values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn -LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y/// +=item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden + +=item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles + +=item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental =back +=item Reporting Bugs + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item HISTORY + =back -=head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables +=head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1 -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=item Security Vulnerability Closed -=item Predefined Names +=item Incompatible Changes -$ARG, $_, $>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $', -$LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, input_line_number -HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, input_record_separator HANDLE -EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE EXPR, -$OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE EXPR, -$OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, -$OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", -$SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE -EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR, -$FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR, -$FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @-, C<$`> is the same as C), -C<$&> is the same as C), C<$'> is the -same as C), C<$1> is the same as C, C<$2> is the same as C, C<$3> is the same as C), -format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~, format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, -$FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^, format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, -$FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, -$FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, -$ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, -$$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, -$GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], -$COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, -$INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, -0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, -$EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, -$WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, -$^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr} +=item Core Enhancements -=item Error Indicators +=over 4 -=item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names +=item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable -=back +=item PerlIO is Now The Default -=item BUGS +=item Signals Are Now Safe =back -=head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines +=item Modules and Pragmata -=over +=over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item New Modules -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata -=over +=back -=item Private Variables via my() +=item Performance Enhancements -=item Persistent Private Variables +=item Utility Changes -=item Temporary Values via local() +=item New Documentation -=item Lvalue subroutines +=over 4 -=item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs) +=item perlclib -=item When to Still Use local() +=item perliol -1. You need to give a global variable a temporary value, especially $_, 2. -You need to create a local file or directory handle or a local function, 3. -You want to temporarily change just one element of an array or hash +=item README.aix -=item Pass by Reference +=item README.bs2000 -=item Prototypes +=item README.macos -=item Constant Functions +=item README.mpeix -=item Overriding Built-in Functions +=item README.solaris -=item Autoloading +=item README.vos -=item Subroutine Attributes +=item Porting/repository.pod =back -=item SEE ALSO +=item Installation and Configuration Improvements + +=over 4 + +=item New Or Improved Platforms + +=item Generic Improvements + +d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s, +need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark, +d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep =back -=head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables) +=item Selected Bug Fixes -=over +=over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes -=over +=back -=item Packages +=item New or Changed Diagnostics -=item Symbol Tables +=item Changed Internals -=item Package Constructors and Destructors +=item New Tests -=item Perl Classes +=item Known Problems -=item Perl Modules +=over 4 -=back +=item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl -=item SEE ALSO +=item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure' -=back +=item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX -=head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones +=item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX -=over +=item lib/b test 19 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48 -=item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY +=item sigaction test 13 in VMS -=over +=item sprintf tests 129 and 130 -=item Pragmatic Modules +=item Failure of Thread tests -attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, caller, charnames, constant, -diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, lib, locale, ops, overload, -re, sigtrap, strict, subs, utf8, vars, warnings +=item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory -=item Standard Modules +=item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden -AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, -B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, -B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, -CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, -CGI::Switch, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, -Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Data::Dumper, Devel::DProf, -Devel::Peek, Devel::SelfStubber, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English, -Env, Errno, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Embed, -ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, -ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, -ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, -ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, -ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree, -File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Glob, -File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, -File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, -File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin, GDBM_File, Getopt::Long, -Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IO, IO::Dir, IO::File, IO::Handle, IO::Pipe, -IO::Poll, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IO::Socket::INET, -IO::Socket::UNIX, IPC::Msg, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, IPC::Semaphore, -IPC::SysV, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, -Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, -Opcode, POSIX, Pod::Checker, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Man, -Pod::Parser, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Usage, -SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, -Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, -Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, Text::ParseWords, -Text::Soundex, Text::Wrap, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, -Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, -Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent +=item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles -=item Extension Modules +=item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental =back -=item CPAN +=item Reporting Bugs -Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating -System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess -Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces, -User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages, -File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String -Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option, -Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing, -Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption, -World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities, -Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, -and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and -exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities, -Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Central America, Europe, -North America, South America +=item SEE ALSO -=item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse +=item HISTORY -=over +=back -=item Guidelines for Module Creation +=head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0 -Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new -module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select -what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?, -README and other Additional Files, A description of the -module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites -- what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to -Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release, -especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in -the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a -version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take -care when changing a released module +=over 4 -=item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules +=item DESCRIPTION -There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications, -Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started, -Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from ' -to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes +=item Security Vulnerability Closed -=item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code +=item Incompatible Changes -Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many -applications contain some Perl code that could be reused, Break-out the -reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity -to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application' -can then be reduced to a small +=item Core Enhancements -=back +=item Modules and Pragmata -=item NOTE +=over 4 + +=item New Modules + +=item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata =back -=head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules +=item Utility Changes -=over +=item New Documentation -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Performance Enhancements -=over +=item Installation and Configuration Improvements -=item PREAMBLE +=over 4 -B the file, B the file into a directory, B the -module (sometimes unnecessary), B the module +=item Generic Improvements =back -=item HEY +=item Selected Bug Fixes -=item AUTHOR +=over 4 -=item COPYRIGHT +=item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes =back -=head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation +=item New or Changed Diagnostics -=over +=item Changed Internals -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Known Problems -=item DESCRIPTION +=over 4 -=over +=item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect -=item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes +=item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform -$$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept -filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to -files, directories and network sockets +=item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles -=item Resource limits +=item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure' -=item Killing the parent process +=item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX -=item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes +=item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris -=item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS +=item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48 -BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented, -Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger -application, Thread-safety of extensions +=item Storable tests fail in some platforms -=back +=item Threads Are Still Experimental -=item BUGS +=item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental -=item AUTHOR +=back + +=item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO +=item HISTORY + =back -=head2 perlform - Perl formats +=head2 perl56delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0 -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=item Core Enhancements -=item Format Variables +=over 4 -=back +=item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency -=item NOTES +=item Lexically scoped warning categories + +=item Unicode and UTF-8 support + +=item Support for interpolating named characters -=over +=item "our" declarations -=item Footers +=item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals -=item Accessing Formatting Internals +=item Improved Perl version numbering system -=back +=item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes -=item WARNINGS +=item File and directory handles can be autovivified -=back +=item open() with more than two arguments -=head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and -localization) +=item 64-bit support -=over +=item Large file support -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Long doubles -=item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES +=item "more bits" -=item USING LOCALES +=item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines -=over +=item C allowed -=item The use locale pragma +=item File globbing implemented internally -=item The setlocale function +=item Support for CHECK blocks -=item Finding locales +=item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported -=item LOCALE PROBLEMS +=item Better pseudo-random number generator -=item Temporarily fixing locale problems +=item Improved C operator -=item Permanently fixing locale problems +=item Better worst-case behavior of hashes -=item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration +=item pack() format 'Z' supported -=item Fixing system locale configuration +=item pack() format modifier '!' supported -=item The localeconv function +=item pack() and unpack() support counted strings -=back +=item Comments in pack() templates -=item LOCALE CATEGORIES +=item Weak references -=over +=item Binary numbers supported -=item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation +=item Lvalue subroutines -=item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types +=item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references -=item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting +=item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues -=item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts +=item exists() is supported on subroutine names -=item LC_TIME +=item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements -=item Other categories +=item Pseudo-hashes work better -=back +=item Automatic flushing of output buffers -=item SECURITY +=item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations -B (C, C, C, C and C):, -B (with C<\l>, C<\L>, C<\u> or C<\U>), -B (C):, B (C):, -B (printf() and write()):, B (lc(), lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, B (localeconv(), strcoll(),strftime(), strxfrm()):, B (isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(),isgraph(), -islower(), isprint(), ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(), -isxdigit()): +=item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle -=item ENVIRONMENT +=item eof() has the same old magic as <> -PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, -LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG +=item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes -=item NOTES +=item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text" -=over +=item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure -=item Backward compatibility +=item Improved diagnostics -=item I18N:Collate obsolete +=item Diagnostics follow STDERR -=item Sort speed and memory use impacts +=item More consistent close-on-exec behavior -=item write() and LC_NUMERIC +=item syswrite() ease-of-use -=item Freely available locale definitions +=item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators -=item I18n and l10n +=item Bit operators support full native integer width -=item An imperfect standard +=item Improved security features -=back +=item More functional bareword prototype (*) -=item BUGS +=item C and C may be overridden -=over +=item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character -=item Broken systems +=item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch -=back +=item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string -=item SEE ALSO +=item Optional Y2K warnings -=item HISTORY +=item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings =back -=head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures +=item Modules and Pragmata -=over +=over 4 -=item NOTE +=item Modules -=item DESCRIPTION +attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper, +DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English, +Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec, +File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt, +Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker, +podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage, +pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname, +Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters -=over +=item Pragmata -=item Making References +=back -=item Using References +=item Utility Changes -=item Symbolic references +=over 4 -=item Not-so-symbolic references +=item dprofpp -=item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash +=item find2perl -=item Function Templates +=item h2xs -=back +=item perlcc -=item WARNING +=item perldoc -=item SEE ALSO +=item The Perl Debugger =back -=head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references - -=over +=item Improved Documentation -=item DESCRIPTION +perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod, +perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod, +perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod, +perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod -=item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures? +=item Performance enhancements -=item The Solution +=over 4 -=item Syntax +=item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized -=over +=item Optimized assignments to lexical variables -=item Making References +=item Faster subroutine calls -=item Using References +=item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster =back -=item An Example +=item Installation and Configuration Improvements -=item Arrow Rule +=over 4 -=item Solution +=item -Dusethreads means something different -=item The Rest +=item New Configure flags -=item Summary +=item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring -=item Credits +=item Long Doubles -=over +=item -Dusemorebits -=item Distribution Conditions +=item -Duselargefiles -=back +=item installusrbinperl -=back +=item SOCKS support -=head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook +=item C<-A> flag -=over +=item Enhanced Installation Directories -=item DESCRIPTION +=back -arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes, -more elaborate constructs +=item Platform specific changes -=item REFERENCES +=over 4 -=item COMMON MISTAKES +=item Supported platforms -=item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE +=item DOS -=item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C +=item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS) -=item DEBUGGING +=item VMS -=item CODE EXAMPLES +=item Win32 -=item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS +=back -=over +=item Significant bug fixes -=item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS +=over 4 -=item Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS +=item on empty files -=item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS +=item C improvements -=back +=item All compilation errors are true errors -=item HASHES OF ARRAYS +=item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer -=over +=item Behavior of list slices is more consistent -=item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS +=item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}> -=item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS +=item C and AUTOLOAD -=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS +=item C<-bareword> allowed under C -=back +=item Failures in DESTROY() -=item ARRAYS OF HASHES +=item Locale bugs fixed -=over +=item Memory leaks -=item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES +=item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls -=item Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES +=item Taint failures under C<-U> -=item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES +=item END blocks and the C<-c> switch -=back +=item Potential to leak DATA filehandles -=item HASHES OF HASHES +=back -=over +=item New or Changed Diagnostics -=item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES +"%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet +implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s, +/ cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed +by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape +\\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class +passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too +early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s +argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a +subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: +%s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled +substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional, +Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector +size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check +filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s", +Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default, +Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't +remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't +weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class +syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference, +constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated, +defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean +"local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective +%s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for +output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires +explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable, +Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: +|%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal +number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute: +%s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid +separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in +subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs +returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing +%sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub", +No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our", +No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time +is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref, +panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing +around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string, +Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS" +instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows, +Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored, +Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on +zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This +Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL +environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode +'%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized +escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute +list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in +subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of +CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number -=item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES +=item New tests -=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES +=item Incompatible Changes -=back +=over 4 -=item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS +=item Perl Source Incompatibilities -=over +CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed, +Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form +C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number +generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C fails on +read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles, +Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(), +values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS, +Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed, +Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword +prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed +on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results -=item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS +=item C Source Incompatibilities -=item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS +C, C, C -=item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS +=item Compatible C Source API Changes -=back +C is now C -=item Database Ties +=item Binary Incompatibilities -=item SEE ALSO +=back -=item AUTHOR +=item Known Problems -=back +=over 4 -=head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl +=item Thread test failures -=over +=item EBCDIC platforms not supported -=item DESCRIPTION +=item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang -=item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays +=item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure -=item Growing Your Own +=item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with +gcc -=item Access and Printing +=item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run -=item Slices +=item Arrow operator and arrays -=item SEE ALSO +=item Experimental features -=item AUTHOR +Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The +pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file +globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs: =back -=head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial +=item Obsolete Diagnostics -=over +Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed +logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as +\@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$" +to mean "${$}" is deprecated -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Reporting Bugs -=over +=item SEE ALSO -=item If we could talk to the animals... +=item HISTORY -=item Introducing the method invocation arrow +=back -=item Invoking a barnyard +=head2 perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005 -=item The extra parameter of method invocation +=over 4 -=item Calling a second method to simplify things +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Inheriting the windpipes +=item About the new versioning system -=item A few notes about @ISA +=item Incompatible Changes -=item Overriding the methods +=over 4 -=item Starting the search from a different place +=item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004. -=item The SUPER way of doing things +=item Default installation structure has changed -=item Where we're at so far... +=item Perl Source Compatibility -=item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it? +=item C Source Compatibility -=item Invoking an instance method +=item Binary Compatibility -=item Accessing the instance data +=item Security fixes may affect compatibility -=item How to build a horse +=item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004 -=item Inheriting the constructor +=item Licensing -=item Making a method work with either classes or instances +=back -=item Adding parameters to a method +=item Core Changes -=item More interesting instances +=over 4 -=item A horse of a different color +=item Threads -=item Summary +=item Compiler -=back +=item Regular Expressions -=item SEE ALSO +Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression +constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other +improvements, Incompatible changes -=item COPYRIGHT +=item Improved malloc() -=back +=item Quicksort is internally implemented -=head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl +=item Reliable signals -=over +=item Reliable stack pointers -=item DESCRIPTION +=item More generous treatment of carriage returns -=item Creating a Class +=item Memory leaks -=over +=item Better support for multiple interpreters -=item Object Representation +=item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined -=item Class Interface +=item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L module -=item Constructors and Instance Methods +=item Pseudo-hashes are supported -=item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors +=item C is supported -=item Destructors +=item Keywords can be globally overridden -=item Other Object Methods +=item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32 -=back +=item C optimized -=item Class Data +=item C can be used as implicitly quoted package name -=over +=item C tests existence of a package -=item Accessing Class Data +=item Better locale support -=item Debugging Methods +=item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms -=item Class Destructors +=item prototype() returns useful results on builtins -=item Documenting the Interface +=item Extended support for exception handling -=back +=item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods -=item Aggregation +=item All C format conversions are handled internally -=item Inheritance +=item New C keyword -=over +=item New C keyword -=item Overridden Methods +=item New C operator -=item Multiple Inheritance +=item C is now a reserved word -=item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects +=item Tied arrays are now fully supported -=back +=item Tied handles support is better -=item Alternate Object Representations +=item 4th argument to substr -=over +=item Negative LENGTH argument to splice -=item Arrays as Objects +=item Magic lvalues are now more magical -=item Closures as Objects +=item <> now reads in records =back -=item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods +=item Supported Platforms -=over +=over 4 -=item Autoloaded Data Methods +=item New Platforms -=item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods +=item Changes in existing support =back -=item Metaclassical Tools +=item Modules and Pragmata -=over +=over 4 -=item Class::Struct +=item New Modules -=item Data Members as Variables +B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed, +ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, +Thread, attrs, fields, re -=item NOTES +=item Changes in existing modules -=item Object Terminology +Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File, +MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd =back -=item SEE ALSO +=item Utility Changes -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item Documentation Changes -=item COPYRIGHT +=item New Diagnostics + +Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index +while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent +package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check +filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't +goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element, +Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber +for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions, +Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character +class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in +insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s: +Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming +package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such +field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously +large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance +detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized +list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word +"%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed -=over +=item Obsolete Diagnostics -=item Acknowledgments +Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open +temporary file, regexp too big -=back +=item Configuration Changes + +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item HISTORY =back -=head2 perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl +=head2 perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004 -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=item Class Data as Package Variables +=item Supported Environments -=over +=item Core Changes -=item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket +=over 4 -=item Inheritance Concerns +=item List assignment to %ENV works -=item The Eponymous Meta-Object +=item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error -=item Indirect References to Class Data +=item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003 -=item Monadic Classes +=item $PERL5OPT environment variable -=item Translucent Attributes +=item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options -=back +=item More precise warnings -=item Class Data as Lexical Variables +=item Deprecated: Inherited C for non-methods -=over +=item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable -=item Privacy and Responsibility +=item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified -=item File-Scoped Lexicals +=item Group vector changeable with C<$)> -=item More Inheritance Concerns +=item Fixed parsing of $$, &$, etc. -=item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key +=item Fixed localization of $, $&, etc. -=item Translucency Revisited +=item No resetting of $. on implicit close -=back +=item C may return undef -=item NOTES +=item C determines value of EXPR in scalar context -=item SEE ALSO +=item Changes to tainting checks -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No +spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name -=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS +=item New Opcode module and revised Safe module -=item HISTORY +=item Embedding improvements -=back +=item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes -=head2 perlobj - Perl objects +=item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface -=over +=item New and changed syntax -=item DESCRIPTION +$coderef->(PARAMS) -=over +=item New and changed builtin constants -=item An Object is Simply a Reference +__PACKAGE__ -=item A Class is Simply a Package +=item New and changed builtin variables -=item A Method is Simply a Subroutine +$^E, $^H, $^M -=item Method Invocation +=item New and changed builtin functions -=item WARNING +delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in +Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module +VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C does not +reset search position on failure, C ignores whitespace before ?*+{}, +nested C closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals -=item Default UNIVERSAL methods +=item New builtin methods isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ) -=item Destructors +=item TIEHANDLE now supported -=item Summary +TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this +LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this -=item Two-Phased Garbage Collection +=item Malloc enhancements -=back +-DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE -=item SEE ALSO +=item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements =back -=head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable +=item Support for More Operating Systems -=over +=over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Win32 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Plan 9 -=over +=item QNX -=item Tying Scalars +=item AmigaOS -TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this +=back -=item Tying Arrays +=item Pragmata -TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value, -DESTROY this +use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use +constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish -=item Tying Hashes +=item Modules -USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE -this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY -this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this +=over 4 -=item Tying FileHandles +=item Required Updates -TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, -LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, DESTROY this +=item Installation directories -=item The C Gotcha +=item Module information summary -=back +=item Fcntl -=item SEE ALSO +=item IO -=item BUGS +=item Math::Complex -=item AUTHOR +=item Math::Trig + +=item DB_File + +=item Net::Ping + +=item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators =back -=head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT) +=item Utility Changes -=over +=over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item pod2html -=item OO SCALING TIPS +Sends converted HTML to standard output -=item INSTANCE VARIABLES +=item xsubpp -=item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES +C XSUBs now default to returning nothing -=item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE +=back -=item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS +=item C Language API Changes -=item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS +C and C, C, Extended API for +manipulating hashes -=item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM +=item Documentation Changes -=item THINKING OF CODE REUSE +L, L, L, L, L, +L, L, L + +=item New Diagnostics + +"my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is +not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too +large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free +nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr, +Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort +subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in +use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant +subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did +not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too +long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: +%s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number, +internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type +in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once: +possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of +memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible +attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words +with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found +while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>" +option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized +character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$" to mean +"${$}" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(), +Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared, +Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, +Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too +long, Process terminated by SIG%s -=item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT +=item BUGS -=item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR +=item SEE ALSO -=item DELEGATION +=item HISTORY =back -=head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, -safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores) +=head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=item Signals - -=item Named Pipes - -=over +=over 4 -=item WARNING +=item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX -=back +=item OS level -=item Using open() for IPC +=item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX -=over +=item The IBM ANSI C Compiler -=item Filehandles +=item Using GNU's gcc for building perl -=item Background Processes +=item Using Large Files with Perl -=item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent +=item Threaded Perl -=item Safe Pipe Opens +=item 64-bit Perl -=item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process +=item GDBM and Threads -=item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself +=item NFS filesystems and utime(2) =back -=item Sockets: Client/Server Communication - -=over +=item AUTHOR -=item Internet Line Terminators +=item DATE -=item Internet TCP Clients and Servers +=back -=item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers +=head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS -=back +=over 4 -=item TCP Clients with IO::Socket +=item DESCRIPTION -=over +=item AUTHOR -=item A Simple Client +=back -C, C, C +=head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS -=item A Webget Client +=over 4 -=item Interactive Client with IO::Socket +=item SYNOPSIS =back -=item TCP Servers with IO::Socket +=over 4 -Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse +=item DESCRIPTION -=item UDP: Message Passing +=over 4 -=item SysV IPC +=item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS -=item NOTES +B, B -=item BUGS +=item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS -=item AUTHOR +=item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS -=item SEE ALSO +fork(), some features of the UNIX filesystem regarding link count and file +dates, inplace operation (the -i switch) without backup file, umask() +works, but the correct permissions are only set when the file is +finally close()d =back -=head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters - -=over - -=item SYNOPSIS +=item INSTALLATION -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Accessing documentation -B, B, B, -B +=over 4 -=over +=item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS -=item The Filter +=item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS -=item An Example -- the NULL termination problem. +=item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS -=item Another Example -- Key is a C int. +=item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS =back -=item SEE ALSO +=item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS -=item AUTHOR +=over 4 -=back +=item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS -=head2 perldebug - Perl debugging +=item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS -=over +=item Making Perl on AmigaOS -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Testing Perl on AmigaOS -=item The Perl Debugger +=item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS -=over +=back -=item Debugger Commands +=item AUTHORS -h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n -[expr], r, , c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, --, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr, -b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname -[condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line] -command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O -option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >> -command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! -cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man [manpage] +=item SEE ALSO -=item Configurable Options +=back -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C +=head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS -=item Debugger input/output +=over 4 -Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame -listing +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Debugging compile-time statements +=over 4 -=item Debugger Customization +=item General Issues with Perl on BeOS -=item Readline Support +=item BeOS Release-specific Notes -=item Editor Support for Debugging +R4 x86, R4 PPC -=item The Perl Profiler +=item Contact Information =back -=item Debugging regular expressions +=back -=item Debugging memory usage +=head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000. -=item SEE ALSO +=over 4 -=item BUGS +=item SYNOPSIS -=back +=item DESCRIPTION -=head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl +=over 4 -=over +=item gzip on BS2000 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item bison on BS2000 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000 -=item Storing numbers +=item Compiling Perl on BS2000 -=item Numeric operators and numeric conversions +=item Testing Perl on BS2000 -=item Flavors of Perl numeric operations +=item Installing Perl on BS2000 -Arithmetic operators except, C, Arithmetic operators except, -C, Bitwise operators, C, Bitwise operators, C, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a -string +=item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000 -=item AUTHOR +=item Using Perl in "native" BS2000 -=item SEE ALSO +=item Floating point anomalies on BS2000 =back -=head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging +=item AUTHORS -=over +=item SEE ALSO -=item DESCRIPTION +=over 4 -=item Debugger Internals +=item Mailing list -=over +=back -=item Writing Your Own Debugger +=item HISTORY =back -=item Frame Listing Output Examples +=head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin -=item Debugging regular expressions +=over 4 -=over +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Compile-time output +=item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN -C I C I, C I C -I, C, C, C -I, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C +=over 4 -=item Types of nodes +=item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it) -=item Run-time output +=item Cygwin Configuration + +C, I, Permissions =back -=item Debugging Perl memory usage +=item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN -=over +=over 4 -=item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}> +=item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin -C, Free/Used, C, C, C, C, C +=item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin -=item Example of using B<-DL> switch +C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C), C<-ldb> (C), +C<-lcygipc> (C) -C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704> +=item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin -=item B<-DL> details +C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>, C<-Duseperlio>, +C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles> -C, C, C +=item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin -=item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics +I, Win9x and C, Compiler/Preprocessor defines =back -=item SEE ALSO - -=back +=item MAKE ON CYGWIN -=head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics +=over 4 -=over +=item Warnings on Cygwin -=item DESCRIPTION +=item ld2 on Cygwin =back -=head2 perlsec - Perl security +=item TEST ON CYGWIN -=over +=over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item File Permissions on Cygwin -=over +=item Hard Links on Cygwin -=item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data +=item Filetime Granularity on Cygwin -=item Switches On the "#!" Line +=item Tainting Checks on Cygwin -=item Cleaning Up Your Path +=item /etc/group on Cygwin -=item Security Bugs +=item Script Portability on Cygwin -=item Protecting Your Programs +Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous =back -=item SEE ALSO +=item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN -=back +=item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN -=head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary +Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl +Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts -=over +=item BUGS ON CYGWIN -=item DESCRIPTION +=item AUTHORS -=over +=item HISTORY -=item Awk Traps +=back -=item C Traps +=head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX. -=item Sed Traps +=over 4 -=item Shell Traps +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Perl Traps +=back -=item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps +=over 4 -Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical -Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts, -Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc, -Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps +=item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX -Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, -Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, -Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance +=over 4 -=item Parsing Traps +=item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX -Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing +=item Threaded Perl on DG/UX -=item Numerical Traps +=item Testing Perl on DG/UX -Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops +=item Installing the built perl on DG/UX -=item General data type traps +=back -(Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String), -(Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide) +=item AUTHOR -=item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts +=item SEE ALSO -(list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin) +=back -=item Precedence Traps +=head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC -Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, -Precedence +=over 4 -=item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc. +=item SYNOPSIS -Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular -Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, -Regular Expression +=item INTRODUCTION -=item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps +=item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC -(Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle +=item STARTING PERL ON EPOC -=item OS Traps +=item STOPPING PERL ON EPOC -(SysV), (SysV) +=item USING PERL ON EPOC -=item Interpolation Traps +=over 4 -Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, -Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation +=item I/O Redirection on Epoc -=item DBM Traps +=item PATH Names on Epoc -DBM, DBM +=item Editors on Epoc -=item Unclassified Traps +=item Features of Perl on Epoc -C/C trap using returned value, C on empty string with -LIMIT specified +=item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc + +=item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment =back +=item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC + +=item AUTHOR + +=item LAST UPDATE + =back -=head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl +=head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix +(HP-UX) systems -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I -portable +=over 4 -=item ISSUES +=item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX -=over +=item PA-RISC -=item Newlines +=item PA-RISC 1.0 -=item Numbers endianness and Width +=item PA-RISC 1.1 -=item Files and Filesystems +=item PA-RISC 2.0 -=item System Interaction +=item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions -=item Interprocess Communication (IPC) +=item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX -=item External Subroutines (XS) +=item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX -=item Standard Modules +=item The HP ANSI C Compiler -=item Time and Date +=item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX -=item Character sets and character encoding +=item Threaded Perl on HP-UX -=item Internationalisation +=item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX -=item System Resources +=item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX -=item Security +=item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX -=item Style +=item perl -P and // and HP-UX -=back +=item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl -=item CPAN Testers +=back -Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results: -C +=item AUTHOR -=item PLATFORMS +=item DATE -=over +=back -=item Unix +=head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd -=item DOS and Derivatives +=over 4 -The djgpp environment for DOS, C, The EMX -environment for DOS, OS/2, etc. -C,C or -C, Build instructions for Win32, -L, The ActiveState Pages, C, The -Cygwin environment for Win32; F (installed as -L), C, The U/WIN -environment for Win32,C +=item DESCRIPTION -=item S +=over 4 -The MacPerl Pages, C, The MacPerl mailing lists, -C, MacPerl Module Porters, -C +=item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd -=item VMS +=back -F (installed as L), L, vmsperl list, -C, vmsperl on the web, -C +=item AUTHOR -=item VOS +=back -F, VOS mailing list, VOS Perl on the web at -C +=head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen +systems -=item EBCDIC Platforms +=over 4 -F, F, F, perl-mvs list, AS/400 -Perl information at Cas well as on CPAN in -the F directory +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Acorn RISC OS +=over 4 -=item Other perls +=item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen -Amiga, F (installed as L), Atari, F -and Guido Flohr's web pageC, Be OS, -F, HP 300 MPE/iX, F and Mark Bixby's web -pageC, Novell Netware, Plan 9, -F +=item Failures during C on MachTen -=back +op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t -=item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS +=item Building external modules on MachTen -=over +=back -=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions +=item AUTHOR --I FILEHANDLE, -I EXPR, -I, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode -FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt -PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec -LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, -getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, -getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr -ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, -getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, -setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, -setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, -endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, -ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, -lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, -msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, -open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, -select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget -KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP, -setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt -SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, -shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, socketpair -SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, -symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen -FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate -FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST, -wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS +=item DATE =back -=item CHANGES +=head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic) -v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, -v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April -1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December -1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August -1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998 +=over 4 -=item Supported Platforms +=item SYNOPSIS -=item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS +=item DESCRIPTION -=item VERSION +=item AUTHOR + +=item DATE =back -=head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide +=head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION +=item Known problems with Perl on MiNT + +=item AUTHOR + =back -=head2 perlpod - plain old documentation +=head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE -=over +=over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item SYNOPSIS -=over +=item NOTE -=item Verbatim Paragraph +=item What's New in Perl ffor MPE/iX -=item Command Paragraph +=item Welcome to Perl/iX -=item Ordinary Block of Text +=item System Requirements for Perl/iX -=item The Intent +=item How to Obtain Perl/iX -=item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules +=item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights -=item Common Pod Pitfalls +README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/, +public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe -=back +=item How to Compile Perl/iX -=item SEE ALSO + 4, 6 + +=item Getting Started with Perl/iX + +=item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations + +=item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation + +=item Perl/iX To-Do List + +=item Perl/iX Change History =item AUTHOR =back -=head2 perlbook - Perl book information +=head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT. -=over +=over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item SYNOPSIS =back -=head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program - -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 -=item PREAMBLE +=item Target -B, B, B, B, B +=item Other OSes -=item ROADMAP +=item Prerequisites -=item Compiling your C program +EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh -=item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program +=item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...) -=item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program +=item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl -=item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program +=back -=item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program +=item Frequently asked questions -=item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program +=over 4 -=item Maintaining a persistent interpreter +=item "It does not work" -=item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances +=item I cannot run external programs -=item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C -program +=item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F from my +program. + +Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use +L? + +=item C<``> and pipe-C do not work under DOS. + +=item Cannot start C =back -=item Embedding Perl under Win32 +=item INSTALLATION -=item MORAL +=over 4 -=item AUTHOR +=item Automatic binary installation -=item COPYRIGHT +C, C, F + +=item Manual binary installation + +Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable +(statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library, +Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl +and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation, +Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh + +=item B =back -=head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface. +=item Accessing documentation -=over +=over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item OS/2 F<.INF> file -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Plain text -B, B, B, B, -B, B, -B, B, -B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B +=item Manpages -=over +=item HTML -=item Co-existence with stdio +=item GNU C files -B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B +=item F<.PDF> files -=back +=item C docs =back -=head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual +=item BUILD -=over +=over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item The short story -=over +=item Prerequisites -=item Introduction +=item Getting perl source -=item On The Road +=item Application of the patches + +=item Hand-editing + +=item Making + +=item Testing -=item The Anatomy of an XSUB +A lot of C, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F, +F -=item The Argument Stack +=item Installing the built perl -=item The RETVAL Variable +=item C-style build -=item The MODULE Keyword +=back -=item The PACKAGE Keyword +=item Build FAQ -=item The PREFIX Keyword +=over 4 -=item The OUTPUT: Keyword +=item Some C became C<\> in pdksh. -=item The CODE: Keyword +=item C<'errno'> - unresolved external -=item The INIT: Keyword +=item Problems with tr or sed -=item The NO_INIT Keyword +=item Some problem (forget which ;-) -=item Initializing Function Parameters +=item Library ... not found -=item Default Parameter Values +=item Segfault in make -=item The PREINIT: Keyword +=item op/sprintf test failure -=item The SCOPE: Keyword +=back -=item The INPUT: Keyword +=item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port -=item Variable-length Parameter Lists +=over 4 -=item The C_ARGS: Keyword +=item C, C -=item The PPCODE: Keyword +=item C -=item Returning Undef And Empty Lists +=item C on the first line -=item The REQUIRE: Keyword +=item Additional modules: -=item The CLEANUP: Keyword +=item Prebuilt methods: -=item The BOOT: Keyword +C, C, C, + C, C, +C, C, +C, C, +C, C, +C, +C, C, +OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C, +C, C, +C, C, +OS2::get_control87(), C -=item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword +=item Prebuilt variables: -=item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword +$OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver -=item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword +=item Misfeatures -=item The ALIAS: Keyword +=item Modifications -=item The INTERFACE: Keyword +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C -=item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword +=item Identifying DLLs -=item The INCLUDE: Keyword +=item Centralized management of resources -=item The CASE: Keyword +C, C -=item The & Unary Operator +=back -=item Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives +=item Perl flavors -=item Using XS With C++ +=over 4 -=item Interface Strategy +=item F -=item Perl Objects And C Structures +=item F -=item The Typemap +=item F -=back +=item F -=item EXAMPLES +=item Why strange names? -=item XS VERSION +=item Why dynamic linking? -=item AUTHOR +=item Why chimera build? =back -=head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs +=item ENVIRONMENT -=over +=over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item C -=item SPECIAL NOTES +=item C -=over +=item C -=item make +=item C -=item Version caveat +=item C -=item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading +=item C or C =back -=item TUTORIAL +=item Evolution -=over +=over 4 -=item EXAMPLE 1 +=item Priorities -=item EXAMPLE 2 +=item DLL name mangling -=item What has gone on? +=item Threading -=item Writing good test scripts +=item Calls to external programs -=item EXAMPLE 3 +=item Memory allocation -=item What's new here? +=item Threads -=item Input and Output Parameters +C, F -=item The XSUBPP Program +=back -=item The TYPEMAP file +=back -=item Warning about Output Arguments +=over 4 -=item EXAMPLE 4 +=item AUTHOR -=item What has happened here? +=item SEE ALSO -=item Anatomy of .xs file +=back -=item Getting the fat out of XSUBs +=head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390. -=item More about XSUB arguments +=over 4 -=item The Argument Stack +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Extending your Extension +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Documenting your Extension +=over 4 -=item Installing your Extension +=item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390 -=item EXAMPLE 5 +=item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390 -=item New Things in this Example +=item Configure Perl on OS/390 -=item EXAMPLE 6 (Coming Soon) +=item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390 -=item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon) +=item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390 -=item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon) +=item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390 -=item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon) +=item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390 -=item Troubleshooting these Examples +=item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390 + +=item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390 + +=item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390 =back -=item See also +=item AUTHORS -=item Author +=item SEE ALSO -=over +=over 4 -=item Last Changed +=item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390 =back +=item HISTORY + =back -=head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API +=head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX -=over +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=item Variables +=over 4 -=over +=item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX -=item Datatypes +/bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make -=item What is an "IV"? +=item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX -=item Working with SVs +=item QNX auxiliary files -=item What's Really Stored in an SV? +qnx/ar, qnx/cpp -=item Working with AVs +=back -=item Working with HVs +=item AUTHOR -=item Hash API Extensions +=back -=item References +=head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl -=item Blessed References and Class Objects +=over 4 -=item Creating New Variables +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Reference Counts and Mortality +=over 4 -=item Stashes and Globs +=item Invoking Perl -=item Double-Typed SVs +=item What's in Plan 9 Perl -=item Magic Variables +=item What's not in Plan 9 Perl -=item Assigning Magic +=item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl -=item Magic Virtual Tables +=item Signals in Plan 9 Perl -=item Finding Magic +=back -=item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays +=item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9 -=item Localizing changes +=over 4 -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C +=item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9 =back -=item Subroutines +=item BUGS -=over +=item Revision date -=item XSUBs and the Argument Stack +=item AUTHOR -=item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs +=back -=item Memory Allocation +=head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems -=item PerlIO +=over 4 -=item Putting a C value on Perl stack +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Scratchpads +=over 4 -=item Scratchpads and recursion +=item Solaris Version Numbers. =back -=item Compiled code - -=over +=item RESOURCES -=item Code tree +Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation -=item Examining the tree +=item SETTING UP -=item Compile pass 1: check routines +=over 4 -=item Compile pass 1a: constant folding +=item File Extraction Problems on Solaris. -=item Compile pass 2: context propagation +=item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris. -=item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization +=item Environment for Compiling Perl on Solaris =back -=item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported +=item RUN CONFIGURE. -=over +=over 4 -=item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT +=item 64-bit Issues with Perl on Solaris. -=item How do I use all this in extensions? +=item Threads in Perl on Solaris. -=item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS +=item Malloc Issues with Perl on Solaris. =back -=item AUTHORS +=item MAKE PROBLEMS. -=item SEE ALSO +Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal: +relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No +DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found -=back +=item MAKE TEST -=head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C +=over 4 -=over +=item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris -=item DESCRIPTION +=back -An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program +=item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS. -=item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS +=item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS. -call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv +=over 4 -=item FLAG VALUES +=item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris. -=over +=back -=item G_VOID +=item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES. -=item G_SCALAR +=item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES. -=item G_ARRAY +=over 4 -=item G_DISCARD +=item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris -=item G_NOARGS +=item BSD::Resource on Solairs -=item G_EVAL +=item Net::SSLeay on Soalris -=item G_KEEPERR +=back -=item Determining the Context +=item AUTHOR + +=item LAST MODIFIED =back -=item KNOWN PROBLEMS +=head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as +Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems -=item EXAMPLES +=over 4 -=over +=item DESCRIPTION -=item No Parameters, Nothing returned +=over 4 -=item Passing Parameters +=item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64 -=item Returning a Scalar +=item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64 -=item Returning a list of values +=item Threaded Perl on Tru64 -=item Returning a list in a scalar context +=item Long Doubles on Tru64 -=item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list +=item 64-bit Perl on Tru64 -=item Using G_EVAL +=item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64 -=item Using G_KEEPERR +=back -=item Using call_sv +=item Testing Perl on Tru64 -=item Using call_argv +=item AUTHOR -=item Using call_method +=back -=item Using GIMME_V +=head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA. -=item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries +=over 4 -=item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information +=item SYNOPSIS -1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of -callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl -callback +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Alternate Stack Manipulation +=over 4 -=item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C +=item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA + +=item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA + +=item Configure Perl on VM/ESA + +=item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA + +=item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA =back +=item AUTHORS + =item SEE ALSO -=item AUTHOR +=over 4 -=item DATE +=item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA =back -=head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator +=back -=over +=head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl -=item DESCRIPTION +=over 4 -=over +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Layout +=item Installation -B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref +=item Organization of Perl Images -=back +=over 4 -=item Using The Back Ends +=item Core Images -=over +=item Perl Extensions -=item The Cross Referencing Back End +=item Installing static extensions -i, &, s, r +=item Installing dynamic extensions -=item The Decompiling Back End +=back -=item The Lint Back End +=item File specifications -=item The Simple C Back End +=over 4 -=item The Bytecode Back End +=item Syntax -=item The Optimized C Back End +=item Wildcard expansion -B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, -B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, -B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref +=item Pipes =back -=item KNOWN PROBLEMS +=item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB -=item AUTHOR +=item Command line + +=over 4 + +=item I/O redirection and backgrounding + +=item Command line switches + +-i, -S, -u =back -=head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API +=item Perl functions -=over +File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump, +exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select +(system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime +LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Perl variables -AvFILL, av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, -av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, call_argv, call_method, call_pv, -call_sv, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, -dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND, fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, -get_av, get_cv, get_hv, get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, -gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY, -G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, -HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, -hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, -hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, -hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, -isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, looks_like_number, -MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, -mg_set, Move, New, newAV, Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, -NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVrv, newSVsv, -newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK, -perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, -PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_modglobal, PL_na, -PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, POPs, PUSHi, -PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, require_pv, -RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, -strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, -SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, -SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, -SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, -SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPV, SvPVX, SvPV_force, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, -SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, -SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, -SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, -SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUPGRADE, SvUV, SvUVX, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, -sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, -sv_catsv, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_cmp, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, -sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_len, sv_magic, -sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, -sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn, -sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, -sv_setref_pvn, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_unref, -sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, -toLOWER, toUPPER, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, -XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, -XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, -XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero +%ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $^S, $| -=item AUTHORS +=item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences -=item SEE ALSO +=over 4 + +=item SDBM_File =back -=head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B - Perl functions +=item Revision date -=over +=item AUTHOR -=item DESCRIPTION +=back -=item AUTHORS +=head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS -=item SEE ALSO +=over 4 -=back +=item SYNOPSIS -=head2 perlhist - the Perl history records +=over 4 -=over +=item Stratus POSIX Support -=item DESCRIPTION +=back -=item INTRODUCTION +=item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS -=item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN +=over 4 -=over +=item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS -=item PUMPKIN? +=item Installing Perl 5 on VOS =back -=item THE RECORDS +=item USING PERL IN VOS -=over +=over 4 -=item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES +=item Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS -=item SELECTED PATCH SIZES +=item Restrictions of Perl on VOS =back -=item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS +=item SUPPORT STATUS + +=item AUTHOR + +=item LAST UPDATE =back @@ -3872,7 +6715,7 @@ XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated) -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -3884,7 +6727,7 @@ method, locked =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -3894,13 +6737,13 @@ method, locked =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item Built-in Attributes @@ -3920,7 +6763,7 @@ FETCH_I_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I_ATTRIBUTES =item EXPORTS -=over +=over 4 =item Default exports @@ -3938,7 +6781,7 @@ FETCH_I_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I_ATTRIBUTES =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated) -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -3950,7 +6793,7 @@ method, locked =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -3966,7 +6809,7 @@ method, locked =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -3980,7 +6823,7 @@ method, locked =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -3995,7 +6838,7 @@ method, locked =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character semantics -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -4008,7 +6851,7 @@ semantics =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal escape. -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -4022,7 +6865,7 @@ escape. =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -4043,13 +6886,13 @@ escape. =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning diagnostics -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item The C Pragma @@ -4069,7 +6912,7 @@ diagnostics =head2 fields - compile-time class fields -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -4083,13 +6926,13 @@ new, phash =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item subpragma access @@ -4097,10 +6940,10 @@ new, phash =back -=head2 integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of -double +=head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating +point -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -4110,7 +6953,7 @@ double =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -4120,13 +6963,13 @@ double =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item Adding directories to @INC @@ -4145,7 +6988,7 @@ double =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -4155,13 +6998,15 @@ operations =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item UNIMPLEMENTED FUNCTIONALITY +=item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY + +=item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS =item SEE ALSO @@ -4169,7 +7014,7 @@ operations =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -4181,13 +7026,13 @@ operations =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item Declaration of overloaded functions @@ -4216,11 +7061,11 @@ is inherited by derived classes =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C -=over +=over 4 =item Last Resort -=item Fallback +=item Fallback C, TRUE, defined, but FALSE @@ -4255,7 +7100,7 @@ integer, float, binary, q, qr =item Cookbook -=over +=over 4 =item Two-face scalars @@ -4271,13 +7116,16 @@ integer, float, binary, q, qr =item DIAGNOSTICS +Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable +type, `%s' is not a code reference + =item BUGS =back =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -4287,7 +7135,7 @@ integer, float, binary, q, qr =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -4295,7 +7143,7 @@ integer, float, binary, q, qr =item OPTIONS -=over +=over 4 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS @@ -4317,7 +7165,7 @@ B, B, I, I =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -4329,29 +7177,52 @@ C, C, C =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names -=over +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 unicode::distinct - Perl pragma to strictly distinguish UTF8 data +and non-UTF data. + +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION +=item SEE ALSO + =back -=head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 in source code +=head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source +code -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION +=over 4 + +=item Utility functions + +$num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, CHECK]), +utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string) + +=back + =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete) -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -4361,28 +7232,33 @@ C, C, C =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -use warnings::register, warnings::enabled([$category]), -warnings::warn([$category,] $message) +use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category), +warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message), +warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message), +warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message), +warnings::warnif($object, $message) =back +=head2 warnings::register - warnings import function + =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item DBM Comparisons @@ -4394,15 +7270,55 @@ warnings::warn([$category,] $message) =back +=head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers + +=over 4 + +=item VERSION + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +[0], [1], [2], [3], [4] + +=over 4 + +=item Typed lexicals + +=item Type-specific attribute handlers + +=item Non-interpretive attribute handlers + +=item Attributes as C interfaces + +=back + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item DIAGNOSTICS + +C, C, C, C + +=item AUTHOR + +=item BUGS + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item Subroutine Stubs @@ -4412,6 +7328,8 @@ warnings::warn([$category,] $message) =item Package Lexicals +=item Not Using AutoLoader + =item B vs. B =back @@ -4424,7 +7342,7 @@ warnings::warn([$category,] $message) =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -4432,7 +7350,7 @@ warnings::warn([$category,] $message) $keep, $check, $modtime -=over +=over 4 =item Multiple packages @@ -4444,7 +7362,7 @@ $keep, $check, $modtime =head2 B - The Perl Compiler -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -4452,7 +7370,7 @@ $keep, $check, $modtime =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES -=over +=over 4 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES @@ -4462,7 +7380,7 @@ REFCNT, FLAGS =item B::IV METHODS -IV, IVX, needs64bits, packiv +IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv =item B::NV METHODS @@ -4474,7 +7392,7 @@ RV =item B::PV METHODS -PV +PV, PVX =item B::PVMG METHODS @@ -4494,8 +7412,8 @@ USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE =item B::GV METHODS -is_empty, NAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN, LINE, FILE, -FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS +is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN, +LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS =item B::IO METHODS @@ -4509,7 +7427,7 @@ FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS =item B::CV METHODS STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY, -CvFLAGS +CvFLAGS, const_sv =item B::HV METHODS @@ -4567,8 +7485,9 @@ label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG), -walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM), -hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names +walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX), svref_2object(SV), +ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ), +threadsv_names =item AUTHOR @@ -4577,7 +7496,7 @@ hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate bytecode -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -4589,19 +7508,19 @@ bytecode =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item AUTHOR +=item AUTHORS =back =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -4613,7 +7532,7 @@ bytecode =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -4622,20 +7541,20 @@ bytecode =item OPTIONS B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>, -B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-fstrip-syntax-tree>, -B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-m> +B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, +B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage> =item EXAMPLES =item BUGS -=item AUTHOR +=item AUTHORS =back =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -4656,7 +7575,7 @@ B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>, B<-llimit> =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -4674,7 +7593,7 @@ B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On> =item DIFFERENCES -=over +=over 4 =item Loops @@ -4690,9 +7609,50 @@ B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On> =back +=head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item OPTIONS + +B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>, +B<-main>, B<-base>I, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>, +B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env> + +=item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS + +B<(x(>IB<;>IB<)x)>, B<(*(>IB<)*)>, +B<(*(>IB<;>IB<)*)>, B<(?(>IB<#>IIB<)?)>, +B<#>I, B<#>II, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>, +B<#classym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>, +B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphenseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>, +B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>, +B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>, +B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum> + +=item ABBREVIATIONS + +=over 4 + +=item OP flags abbreviations + +=item OP class abbreviations + +=back + +=item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -4704,7 +7664,7 @@ B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On> =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -4712,12 +7672,12 @@ B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On> =item OPTIONS -B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-u>I, B<-s>I, B, BI, -B, BIB<.> +B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-f>I, B<-s>I, B, BI, +B, BIB<.>, B<-x>I =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE -=over +=over 4 =item Synopsis @@ -4725,6 +7685,10 @@ B, BIB<.> =item new +=item ambient_pragmas + +strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits + =item coderef2text =back @@ -4737,7 +7701,7 @@ B, BIB<.> =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -4749,7 +7713,7 @@ B, BIB<.> =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -4772,7 +7736,7 @@ B<-u Package> =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -4788,7 +7752,7 @@ B<-u Package> =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -4800,7 +7764,7 @@ B<-u Package> =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -4810,9 +7774,11 @@ B<-u Package> =back +=head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded + =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -4824,7 +7790,7 @@ B<-u Package> =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -4842,7 +7808,7 @@ C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]> =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -4854,13 +7820,13 @@ C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]> =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item Methods @@ -4898,7 +7864,7 @@ STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache ( =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -4912,7 +7878,7 @@ STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache ( =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -4921,20 +7887,20 @@ STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache ( =item OPTIONS B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>, -B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-fstrip-syntax-tree>, -B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-m> +B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, +B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage> =item EXAMPLES =item BUGS -=item AUTHOR +=item AUTHORS =back =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -4942,16 +7908,12 @@ B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-m> =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES -1. Use another name for the argument, if one is available. Forexample, --value is an alias for -values, 2. Change the capitalization, e.g. -Values, -3. Put quotes around the argument name, e.g. '-values' - =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE): =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE @@ -4987,7 +7949,8 @@ B<:standard>, B<:all> =item PRAGMAS --any, -compile, -nph, -newstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, +-any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph, +-newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug, -private_tempfiles =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS @@ -5000,7 +7963,7 @@ a tag) =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS -=over +=over 4 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER: @@ -5017,7 +7980,7 @@ B, 4, 5, 6.. =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query> -(B<-query_string>) +(B<-query_string>), B<-base> =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS @@ -5025,7 +7988,7 @@ B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query> =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS: -=over +=over 4 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS @@ -5035,13 +7998,18 @@ B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query> =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS +=item AUTOESCAPING HTML + +$escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset = +charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]); + =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML =back =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS: -=over +=over 4 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG @@ -5093,9 +8061,7 @@ B =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON -B, 3.The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment type, -and may be -TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE +B =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON @@ -5116,7 +8082,7 @@ the

tag =item DEBUGGING -=over +=over 4 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS @@ -5125,20 +8091,19 @@ the tag =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES B, B, B, B, -B, B, BReturn the script -name as a partial URL, for self-refering -scripts, B, B, B, B, B, B, B, +B, B, B, B, +B, B, B, B, +B, B, B, B, B, B, B =item USING NPH SCRIPTS In the B statement, By calling the B method:, By using B<-nph> -parameters in the B and B statements: +parameters =item Server Push -multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end() +multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final() =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks @@ -5174,7 +8139,7 @@ MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org), =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -5193,7 +8158,7 @@ MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org), =head2 CGI::Carp, B - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or other) error log -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -5203,12 +8168,14 @@ other) error log =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW -=over +=over 4 =item Changing the default message =back +=item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS + =item CHANGE LOG =item AUTHORS @@ -5219,7 +8186,7 @@ other) error log =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -5229,7 +8196,7 @@ other) error log B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag> -=over +=over 4 =item Creating New Cookies @@ -5253,7 +8220,7 @@ B, B, B, B, B =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -5279,13 +8246,13 @@ B, B, B, B, B =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item Tags that won't be formatted @@ -5303,7 +8270,7 @@ B, B, B, B, B =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -5311,9 +8278,9 @@ B, B, B, B, B =item USING CGI::Push --next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires +-next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph -=over +=over 4 =item Heterogeneous Pages @@ -5333,7 +8300,7 @@ B, B, B, B, B =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -5349,21 +8316,35 @@ B, B, B, B, B =back +=head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHOR INFORMATION + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item Interactive Mode Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test, install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or -distribution, Signals +distribution, ls author, Signals =item CPAN::Shell @@ -5373,11 +8354,38 @@ distribution, Signals =item The four C Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution -=item ProgrammerE<39>s interface - -expand($type,@things), Programming Examples - -=item Methods in the four Classes +=item Programmer's interface + +expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples + +=item Methods in the other Classes + +CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(), +CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(), +CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(), +CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(), +CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(), +CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(), +CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(), +CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(), +CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(), +CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(), +CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(), +CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(), +CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(), +CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(), +CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(), +CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(), +CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(), +CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(), +CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(), +CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(), +CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args), +CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(), +CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(), +CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(), +CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(), +CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid() =item Cache Manager @@ -5400,7 +8408,7 @@ EvalueE>, Clist optionE>, Clist optionE [shift|pop]>, Clist optionE [unshift|push|splice] ElistE> -=over +=over 4 =item Note on urllist parameter's format @@ -5416,19 +8424,33 @@ optionE [shift|pop]>, Clist optionE =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS +=over 4 + +=item Three basic types of firewalls + http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade +=item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall + +=back + +=item FAQ + +1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10) + =item BUGS =item AUTHOR +=item TRANSLATIONS + =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -5439,7 +8461,7 @@ http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS module -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -5451,13 +8473,13 @@ module =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller) -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item Forcing a Stack Trace @@ -5467,28 +8489,44 @@ module =back -=head2 Carp::Heavy - Carp guts +=head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside -=over +=head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree -=item SYNOPIS +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION +=item FUNCTIONS + +the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function +Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function +Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS) + +=item CAUTIONARY NOTES + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=item AUTHOR + =back =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item The C function +=item Class Creation at Compile Time + =item Element Types and Accessor Methods Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or @@ -5508,7 +8546,7 @@ Example 1, Example 2, Example 3 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -5522,7 +8560,7 @@ myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names) =item GLOSSARY -=over +=over 4 =item _ @@ -5530,9 +8568,10 @@ C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o> =item a -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C =item b @@ -5542,81 +8581,89 @@ C, C =item c C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C - -=item C - -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C =item d -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C =item e @@ -5630,38 +8677,39 @@ C, C, C, C, C, C =item g -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C =item h -C, C, C, C, C +C, C, C, C =item i C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C =item k @@ -5669,12 +8717,12 @@ C, C =item l -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C =item m @@ -5684,32 +8732,32 @@ C, C =item M -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C =item n -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C =item o C, C, C, C, -C, C, C +C, C, C, C =item p C, C, C, C, C, C, -C +C, C =item P C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C =item q @@ -5725,17 +8773,17 @@ C, C, C, C C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C =item t @@ -5752,18 +8800,22 @@ C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C +C, C =item v C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C +C, C, C, C, C =item x C, C +=item y + +C, C + =item z C, C @@ -5774,9 +8826,9 @@ C, C =back -=head2 Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory +=head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -5788,13 +8840,13 @@ C, C subject to change) -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item Global Variables @@ -5823,7 +8875,7 @@ CLIENT->output(LIST) =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -5831,7 +8883,7 @@ CLIENT->output(LIST) B, B, B -=over +=over 4 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or 3 @@ -5847,7 +8899,7 @@ B, B, B =item DB_HASH -=over +=over 4 =item A Simple Example @@ -5855,7 +8907,7 @@ B, B, B =item DB_BTREE -=over +=over 4 =item Changing the BTREE sort order @@ -5873,7 +8925,7 @@ B, B, B =item DB_RECNO -=over +=over 4 =item The 'bval' Option @@ -5882,7 +8934,8 @@ B, B, B =item Extra RECNO Methods B<$X-Epush(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-Epop ;>, B<$X-Eshift>, -B<$X-Eunshift(list) ;>, B<$X-Elength> +B<$X-Eunshift(list) ;>, B<$X-Elength>, B<$X-Esplice(offset, +length, elements);> =item Another Example @@ -5900,7 +8953,7 @@ $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-Esync([$flags]) ;> B, B, B, B -=over +=over 4 =item The Filter @@ -5912,7 +8965,7 @@ B =item HINTS AND TIPS -=over +=over 4 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd @@ -5928,7 +8981,7 @@ B, B, B =item COMMON QUESTIONS -=over +=over 4 =item Why is there Perl source in my database? @@ -5959,13 +9012,13 @@ B, B, B =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both printing and C -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item Methods @@ -6013,7 +9066,7 @@ Dumper =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6033,15 +9086,21 @@ Dumper =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION +=over 4 + +=item Memory footprint debugging + +=back + =item EXAMPLES -=over +=over 4 =item A simple scalar string @@ -6075,98 +9134,268 @@ Dumper =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module -=over +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +I, I, I + +=item OO INTERFACE + +$ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx = +Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...), +$ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm + +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION +=item FUNCTIONS + +md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...) + +=item METHODS + +$md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...), +$md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=item AUTHORS + =back =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles -=over +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data. + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Creation + +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit, +stopDbSignal + +=item Methods + +dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump, +veryCompact, set, get + +=back + +=back + +=head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +@dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs, +@dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(), +dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(), +dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(), +bootstrap() + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into +Perl code + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Encode - character encodings + +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION +=over 4 + +=item TERMINOLOGY + +=back + +=item ENCODINGS + +=over 4 + +=item Characteristics of an Encoding + +=item Types of Encodings + +Fixed length 8-bit (or less) encodings, Fixed length 16-bit encodings, +Fixed length 32-bit encodings, Multi-byte encodings, "Escape" encodings + +=item Specifying Encodings + +1. By name, 2. As an object + +=item Encoding Names + +The MIME name as defined in IETF RFC-XXXX, The name in the IANA registry, +The name used by the the organization that defined it + +=back + +=item PERL ENCODING API + +=over 4 + +=item Generic Encoding Interface + +=item Handling Malformed Data + +Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes + +=item UTF-8 / utf8 + +=item Other Encodings of Unicode + +=item Listing available encodings + +=item Defining Aliases + +As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code +reference, e.g.: + +=item Defining Encodings + =back -=head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data. +=item Encoding and IO -=over +=item Encoding How to ... -=item SYNOPSIS +IO with mixed content (faking iso-2020-*), MIME's Content-Length:, UTF-8 +strings in binary data, Perl/Encode wrappers on non-Unicode XS modules -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Messing with Perl's Internals -=over +is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), valid_utf8(STRING) -=item Creation +=item IMPLEMENTATION CLASSES -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit, -stopDbSignal +-Ename, -Enew_sequence, -Eencode($string,$check), +-Edecode($octets,$check) -=item Methods +=over 4 -dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump, -veryCompact, set, get +=item Compiled Encodings -=back +.enc, .ucm, .ucm, .c, .xs, ascii and iso-8859-*, IBM-1047 and two other +variants of EBCDIC, symbol and dingbats as used by Tk on X11 =back -=head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code +=item SEE ALSO -=over +=back -=item SYNOPSIS +=head2 Encode::EncodeFormat, EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables +of the Encode extension + +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -@dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs, -@dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(), -dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(), -dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(), -bootstrap() +[1] B, [2] B, [3] B, [4] B -=item AUTHOR +=item KEYWORDS + +=item COPYRIGHT =back -=head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into -Perl code +=head2 Encode::Tcl - Tcl encodings -=over +=head2 EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables of the Encode extension -=item SYNOPSIS +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=item AUTHOR +[1] B, [2] B, [3] B, [4] B + +=item KEYWORDS + +=item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation variables -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item BUGS +=item PERFORMANCE =back =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or arrays -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6180,7 +9409,7 @@ arrays =head2 Errno - System errno constants -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6196,13 +9425,13 @@ arrays =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item How to Export @@ -6224,7 +9453,7 @@ arrays =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPIS @@ -6235,7 +9464,7 @@ arrays =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc. -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6263,7 +9492,7 @@ mkpath directory.. test_f file -=over +=over 4 =item BUGS @@ -6273,9 +9502,52 @@ test_f file =back +=head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item USAGE + +IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN + +=item FUNCTIONS + +=back + +C_stringify NAME + +constant_types + +memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT + +assign INDENT, TYPE, VALUE.. + +return_clause VALUE, TYPE, INDENT, MACRO, DEFAULT + +params WHAT + +dump_names PACKAGE, SUBNAME, DEFAULT_TYPE, TYPES, INDENT, ITEM.. + +C_constant PACKAGE, SUBNAME, DEFAULT_TYPE, TYPES, INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEM.., +name, type, value, macro, default + +XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME + +autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER + +=over 4 + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6298,7 +9570,7 @@ ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules) =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6308,7 +9580,7 @@ ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules) =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6329,7 +9601,7 @@ packlist(), version() =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6337,7 +9609,7 @@ packlist(), version() For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions -=over +=over 4 =item EXTRALIBS @@ -6349,7 +9621,7 @@ For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions =item PORTABILITY -=over +=over 4 =item VMS implementation @@ -6364,7 +9636,7 @@ For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6377,17 +9649,21 @@ canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION +=item METHODS + =back +perl_archive_after + =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6395,7 +9671,7 @@ ExtUtils::MakeMaker =item METHODS -=over +=over 4 =item Preloaded methods @@ -6415,7 +9691,7 @@ rootdir updir -=over +=over 4 =item SelfLoaded methods @@ -6467,7 +9743,7 @@ file_name_is_absolute find_perl -=over +=over 4 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile @@ -6583,9 +9859,11 @@ xs_o (o) perl_archive +perl_archive_after + export_list -=over +=over 4 =item SEE ALSO @@ -6594,13 +9872,13 @@ export_list =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item Methods always loaded @@ -6612,7 +9890,7 @@ wraplist rootdir (override) -=over +=over 4 =item SelfLoaded methods @@ -6709,7 +9987,7 @@ nicetext (override) =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6755,13 +10033,13 @@ pasthru (o) =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL @@ -6785,21 +10063,21 @@ pasthru (o) =item Using Attributes and Parameters -AUTHOR, ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CAPI, CCFLAGS, CONFIG, +ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CAPI, CCFLAGS, CONFIG, CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS, HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR, INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, -INST_EXE, INST_LIB, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_MAN1DIR, -INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, PERL_MALLOC_OK, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, -LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, -NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, -PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, -PM, PMLIBDIRS, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC, PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, -PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, -XS_VERSION +INST_EXE, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, +INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE, +MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME, +NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC, +PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX, +PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC, +PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, +VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION =item Additional lowercase attributes @@ -6832,7 +10110,7 @@ PERL_MM_OPT =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6849,6 +10127,10 @@ PERL_MM_OPT C I, C I, C I<$!>, C I +=item ENVIRONMENT + +B + =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR @@ -6857,7 +10139,7 @@ C I =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6869,7 +10151,7 @@ C I =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6880,7 +10162,7 @@ C I =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic extension -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6896,7 +10178,7 @@ DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6916,7 +10198,7 @@ new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file() =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6926,7 +10208,7 @@ new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file() =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6938,7 +10220,7 @@ new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file() =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6952,7 +10234,7 @@ new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file() =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6968,7 +10250,7 @@ C, C =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6978,7 +10260,7 @@ C, C =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -6992,13 +10274,13 @@ C, C =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item Special behaviour if C is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32) @@ -7014,7 +10296,7 @@ rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag]) =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7034,14 +10316,15 @@ rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag]) =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C =item CAVEAT @@ -7049,14 +10332,15 @@ C, C, C, C =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C =item DIAGNOSTICS @@ -7070,7 +10354,7 @@ C, C =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7082,7 +10366,7 @@ C, C =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7094,15 +10378,49 @@ C, C =back +=head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +devnull + +=back + +tmpdir + +path + +canonpath + +splitpath + +splitdir + +catpath + +abs2rel + +rel2abs + +=over 4 + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +=over 4 =item Exports @@ -7114,7 +10432,7 @@ C, C =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7154,7 +10472,7 @@ abs2rel rel2abs -=over +=over 4 =item SEE ALSO @@ -7162,7 +10480,7 @@ rel2abs =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7172,7 +10490,7 @@ rel2abs =head2 File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7218,7 +10536,7 @@ abs2rel rel2abs -=over +=over 4 =item SEE ALSO @@ -7226,7 +10544,7 @@ rel2abs =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7238,7 +10556,7 @@ eliminate_macros fixpath -=over +=over 4 =item Methods always loaded @@ -7272,7 +10590,11 @@ splitdir (override) catpath (override) -=over +abs2rel (override) + +rel2abs (override) + +=over 4 =item SEE ALSO @@ -7280,7 +10602,7 @@ catpath (override) =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7302,19 +10624,105 @@ splitdir catpath -abs2rel +=over 4 -rel2abs +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely + +=over 4 + +=item PORTABILITY + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item FUNCTIONS + +B + +=back + +B + +=over 4 + +=item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS + +B + +=back -=over +B + +B + +B + +=over 4 + +=item POSIX FUNCTIONS + +B + +=back + +B + +=over 4 + +=item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS + +B + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item UTILITY FUNCTIONS + +B + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item PACKAGE VARIABLES + +B, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH + +=back + +TopSystemUID + +=over 4 + +=item WARNING + +=over 4 + +=item Temporary files and NFS + +=back + +=item HISTORY =item SEE ALSO +=item AUTHOR + =back =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7328,7 +10736,7 @@ rel2abs =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7340,7 +10748,7 @@ rel2abs =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7352,9 +10760,79 @@ $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines =back +=head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item The Problem + +=item A Solution + +=item Disabling or changing behaviour + +=item All-in-one interface + +=item How it works + +=back + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item B + +=item B + +=item B + +B<$_>, B<$status>, B and B, B + +=back + +=item EXAMPLES + +=over 4 + +=item Example 1: A simple filter. + +=item Example 2: Using the context + +=item Example 3: Using the context within the filter + +=item Example 4: Using filter_del + +=back + +=item Filter::Simple + +=item AUTHOR + +=item DATE + +=back + =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7372,7 +10850,7 @@ $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library. -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7388,7 +10866,7 @@ $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7398,7 +10876,7 @@ $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long -=over +=over 4 =item Simple options @@ -7426,7 +10904,9 @@ $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines =item Advanced Possibilities -=over +=over 4 + +=item Object oriented interface =item Documentation and help texts @@ -7442,16 +10922,17 @@ $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines =item Configuring Getopt::Long -default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, require_order, permute, bundling -(default: reset), bundling_override (default: reset), ignore_case -(default: set), ignore_case_always (default: reset), pass_through (default: -reset), prefix, prefix_pattern, debug (default: reset) +default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt, +require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override +(default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always +(default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix, +prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled) =item Return values and Errors =item Legacy -=over +=over 4 =item Default destinations @@ -7461,6 +10942,17 @@ reset), prefix, prefix_pattern, debug (default: reset) =back +=item Trouble Shooting + +=over 4 + +=item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option + +=item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not +supplied + +=back + =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER @@ -7470,28 +10962,231 @@ reset), prefix, prefix_pattern, debug (default: reset) =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch clustering -=over +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current +locale + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language +tags + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +the function is_language_tag($lang1) + +the function extract_language_tags($whatever) + +the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2) + +the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2) + +the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2) + +the function super_languages($lang1) + +the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier) + +the function encode_language_tag($lang1) + +the function alternate_language_tags($lang1) + +=over 4 + +=item ABOUT LOWERCASING + +=item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS + +=item SEE ALSO -=item SYNOPSIS +=item COPYRIGHT -=item DESCRIPTION +=item AUTHOR =back -=head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current -locale +=head2 I18N::LangTags::List, I18n::LangTags::List -- list of tags for human +languages + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS + +=item LIST OF LANGUAGES + +I<{ab}> : Abkhazian, I<{ace}> : Achinese, I<{ach}> : Acoli, I<{ada}> : +Adangme, I<{aa}> : Afar, I<{afh}> : Afrihili, I<{af}> : Afrikaans, +[I<{afa}> : Afro-Asiatic (Other)], I<{aka}> : Akan, I<{akk}> : Akkadian, +I<{sq}> : Albanian, I<{ale}> : Aleut, [I<{alg}> : Algonquian languages], +[I<{tut}> : Altaic (Other)], I<{am}> : Amharic, I<{i-ami}> : Ami, [I<{apa}> +: Apache languages], I<{ar}> : Arabic, I<{arc}> : Aramaic, I<{arp}> : +Arapaho, I<{arn}> : Araucanian, I<{arw}> : Arawak, I<{hy}> : Armenian, +[I<{art}> : Artificial (Other)], I<{as}> : Assamese, [I<{ath}> : Athapascan +languages], [I<{aus}> : Australian languages], [I<{map}> : Austronesian +(Other)], I<{ava}> : Avaric, I<{ae}> : Avestan, I<{awa}> : Awadhi, I<{ay}> +: Aymara, I<{az}> : Azerbaijani, I<{ban}> : Balinese, [I<{bat}> : Baltic +(Other)], I<{bal}> : Baluchi, I<{bam}> : Bambara, [I<{bai}> : Bamileke +languages], I<{bad}> : Banda, [I<{bnt}> : Bantu (Other)], I<{bas}> : Basa, +I<{ba}> : Bashkir, I<{eu}> : Basque, I<{btk}> : Batak (Indonesia), I<{bej}> +: Beja, I<{be}> : Belarusian, I<{bem}> : Bemba, I<{bn}> : Bengali, +[I<{ber}> : Berber (Other)], I<{bho}> : Bhojpuri, I<{bh}> : Bihari, +I<{bik}> : Bikol, I<{bin}> : Bini, I<{bi}> : Bislama, I<{bs}> : Bosnian, +I<{bra}> : Braj, I<{br}> : Breton, I<{bug}> : Buginese, I<{bg}> : +Bulgarian, I<{i-bnn}> : Bunun, I<{bua}> : Buriat, I<{my}> : Burmese, +I<{cad}> : Caddo, I<{car}> : Carib, I<{ca}> : Catalan, [I<{cau}> : +Caucasian (Other)], I<{ceb}> : Cebuano, [I<{cel}> : Celtic (Other)], +[I<{cai}> : Central American Indian (Other)], I<{chg}> : Chagatai, +[I<{cmc}> : Chamic languages], I<{ch}> : Chamorro, I<{ce}> : Chechen, +I<{chr}> : Cherokee, I<{chy}> : Cheyenne, I<{chb}> : Chibcha, I<{ny}> : +Chichewa, I<{zh}> : Chinese, I<{chn}> : Chinook Jargon, I<{chp}> : +Chipewyan, I<{cho}> : Choctaw, I<{cu}> : Church Slavic, I<{chk}> : +Chuukese, I<{cv}> : Chuvash, I<{cop}> : Coptic, I<{kw}> : Cornish, I<{co}> +: Corsican, I<{cre}> : Cree, I<{mus}> : Creek, [I<{cpe}> : English-based +Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [I<{cpf}> : French-based Creoles and pidgins +(Other)], [I<{cpp}> : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], +[I<{crp}> : Creoles and pidgins (Other)], I<{hr}> : Croatian, [I<{cus}> : +Cushitic (Other)], I<{cs}> : Czech, I<{dak}> : Dakota, I<{da}> : Danish, +I<{day}> : Dayak, I<{i-default}> : Default (Fallthru) Language, I<{del}> : +Delaware, I<{din}> : Dinka, I<{div}> : Divehi, I<{doi}> : Dogri, I<{dgr}> : +Dogrib, [I<{dra}> : Dravidian (Other)], I<{dua}> : Duala, I<{nl}> : Dutch, +I<{dum}> : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), I<{dyu}> : Dyula, I<{dz}> : +Dzongkha, I<{efi}> : Efik, I<{egy}> : Ancient Egyptian, I<{eka}> : Ekajuk, +I<{elx}> : Elamite, I<{en}> : English, I<{enm}> : Old English (1100-1500), +I<{ang}> : Old English (ca.450-1100), I<{eo}> : Esperanto, I<{et}> : +Estonian, I<{ewe}> : Ewe, I<{ewo}> : Ewondo, I<{fan}> : Fang, I<{fat}> : +Fanti, I<{fo}> : Faroese, I<{fj}> : Fijian, I<{fi}> : Finnish, [I<{fiu}> : +Finno-Ugrian (Other)], I<{fon}> : Fon, I<{fr}> : French, I<{frm}> : Middle +French (ca.1400-1600), I<{fro}> : Old French (842-ca.1400), I<{fy}> : +Frisian, I<{fur}> : Friulian, I<{ful}> : Fulah, I<{gaa}> : Ga, I<{gd}> : +Scots Gaelic, I<{gl}> : Gallegan, I<{lug}> : Ganda, I<{gay}> : Gayo, +I<{gba}> : Gbaya, I<{gez}> : Geez, I<{ka}> : Georgian, I<{de}> : German, +I<{gmh}> : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500), I<{goh}> : Old High German +(ca.750-1050), [I<{gem}> : Germanic (Other)], I<{gil}> : Gilbertese, +I<{gon}> : Gondi, I<{gor}> : Gorontalo, I<{got}> : Gothic, I<{grb}> : +Grebo, I<{grc}> : Ancient Greek (to 1453), I<{el}> : Modern Greek (1453-), +I<{gn}> : Guarani, I<{gu}> : Gujarati, I<{gwi}> : Gwich'in, I<{hai}> : +Haida, I<{ha}> : Hausa, I<{haw}> : Hawaiian, I<{he}> : Hebrew, I<{hz}> : +Herero, I<{hil}> : Hiligaynon, I<{him}> : Himachali, I<{hi}> : Hindi, +I<{ho}> : Hiri Motu, I<{hit}> : Hittite, I<{hmn}> : Hmong, I<{hu}> : +Hungarian, I<{hup}> : Hupa, I<{iba}> : Iban, I<{is}> : Icelandic, I<{ibo}> +: Igbo, I<{ijo}> : Ijo, I<{ilo}> : Iloko, [I<{inc}> : Indic (Other)], +[I<{ine}> : Indo-European (Other)], I<{id}> : Indonesian, I<{ia}> : +Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association), I<{ie}> : +Interlingue, I<{iu}> : Inuktitut, I<{ik}> : Inupiaq, [I<{ira}> : Iranian +(Other)], I<{ga}> : Irish, I<{mga}> : Middle Irish (900-1200), I<{sga}> : +Old Irish (to 900), [I<{iro}> : Iroquoian languages], I<{it}> : Italian, +I<{ja}> : Japanese, I<{jw}> : Javanese, I<{jrb}> : Judeo-Arabic, I<{jpr}> : +Judeo-Persian, I<{kab}> : Kabyle, I<{kac}> : Kachin, I<{kl}> : Kalaallisut, +I<{kam}> : Kamba, I<{kn}> : Kannada, I<{kau}> : Kanuri, I<{kaa}> : +Kara-Kalpak, I<{kar}> : Karen, I<{ks}> : Kashmiri, I<{kaw}> : Kawi, I<{kk}> +: Kazakh, I<{kha}> : Khasi, I<{km}> : Khmer, [I<{khi}> : Khoisan (Other)], +I<{kho}> : Khotanese, I<{ki}> : Kikuyu, I<{kmb}> : Kimbundu, I<{rw}> : +Kinyarwanda, I<{ky}> : Kirghiz, I<{i-klingon}> : Klingon, I<{kv}> : Komi, +I<{kon}> : Kongo, I<{kok}> : Konkani, I<{ko}> : Korean, I<{kos}> : +Kosraean, I<{kpe}> : Kpelle, I<{kro}> : Kru, I<{kj}> : Kuanyama, I<{kum}> : +Kumyk, I<{ku}> : Kurdish, I<{kru}> : Kurukh, I<{kut}> : Kutenai, I<{lad}> : +Ladino, I<{lah}> : Lahnda, I<{lam}> : Lamba, I<{lo}> : Lao, I<{la}> : +Latin, I<{lv}> : Latvian, I<{lb}> : Letzeburgesch, I<{lez}> : Lezghian, +I<{ln}> : Lingala, I<{lt}> : Lithuanian, I<{nds}> : Low German, I<{loz}> : +Lozi, I<{lub}> : Luba-Katanga, I<{lua}> : Luba-Lulua, I<{lui}> : Luiseno, +I<{lun}> : Lunda, I<{luo}> : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), I<{lus}> : Lushai, +I<{mk}> : Macedonian, I<{mad}> : Madurese, I<{mag}> : Magahi, I<{mai}> : +Maithili, I<{mak}> : Makasar, I<{mg}> : Malagasy, I<{ms}> : Malay, I<{ml}> +: Malayalam, I<{mt}> : Maltese, I<{mnc}> : Manchu, I<{mdr}> : Mandar, +I<{man}> : Mandingo, I<{mni}> : Manipuri, [I<{mno}> : Manobo languages], +I<{gv}> : Manx, I<{mi}> : Maori, I<{mr}> : Marathi, I<{chm}> : Mari, +I<{mh}> : Marshall, I<{mwr}> : Marwari, I<{mas}> : Masai, [I<{myn}> : Mayan +languages], I<{men}> : Mende, I<{mic}> : Micmac, I<{min}> : Minangkabau, +I<{i-mingo}> : Mingo, [I<{mis}> : Miscellaneous languages], I<{moh}> : +Mohawk, I<{mo}> : Moldavian, [I<{mkh}> : Mon-Khmer (Other)], I<{lol}> : +Mongo, I<{mn}> : Mongolian, I<{mos}> : Mossi, [I<{mul}> : Multiple +languages], [I<{mun}> : Munda languages], I<{nah}> : Nahuatl, I<{na}> : +Nauru, I<{nv}> : Navajo, I<{nd}> : North Ndebele, I<{nr}> : South Ndebele, +I<{ng}> : Ndonga, I<{ne}> : Nepali, I<{new}> : Newari, I<{nia}> : Nias, +[I<{nic}> : Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [I<{ssa}> : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], +I<{niu}> : Niuean, I<{non}> : Old Norse, [I<{nai}> : North American +Indian], I<{se}> : Northern Sami, I<{no}> : Norwegian, I<{nb}> : Norwegian +BokmEl, I<{nn}> : Norwegian Nynorsk, [I<{nub}> : Nubian languages], +I<{nym}> : Nyamwezi, I<{nyn}> : Nyankole, I<{nyo}> : Nyoro, I<{nzi}> : +Nzima, I<{oc}> : Occitan (post 1500), I<{oji}> : Ojibwa, I<{or}> : Oriya, +I<{om}> : Oromo, I<{osa}> : Osage, I<{os}> : Ossetian; Ossetic, [I<{oto}> : +Otomian languages], I<{pal}> : Pahlavi, I<{i-pwn}> : Paiwan, I<{pau}> : +Palauan, I<{pi}> : Pali, I<{pam}> : Pampanga, I<{pag}> : Pangasinan, +I<{pa}> : Panjabi, I<{pap}> : Papiamento, [I<{paa}> : Papuan (Other)], +I<{fa}> : Persian, I<{peo}> : Old Persian (ca.600-400 B.C.), [I<{phi}> : +Philippine (Other)], I<{phn}> : Phoenician, I<{pon}> : Pohnpeian, I<{pl}> : +Polish, I<{pt}> : Portuguese, [I<{pra}> : Prakrit languages], I<{pro}> : +Old ProvenEal (to 1500), I<{ps}> : Pushto, I<{qu}> : Quechua, +I<{rm}> : Raeto-Romance, I<{raj}> : Rajasthani, I<{rap}> : Rapanui, +I<{rar}> : Rarotongan, [I<{qaa}>-I : Reserved for local use.], +[I<{roa}> : Romance (Other)], I<{ro}> : Romanian, I<{rom}> : Romany, +I<{rn}> : Rundi, I<{ru}> : Russian, [I<{sal}> : Salishan languages], +I<{sam}> : Samaritan Aramaic, [I<{smi}> : Sami languages (Other)], I<{sm}> +: Samoan, I<{sad}> : Sandawe, I<{sg}> : Sango, I<{sa}> : Sanskrit, I<{sat}> +: Santali, I<{sc}> : Sardinian, I<{sas}> : Sasak, I<{sco}> : Scots, +I<{sel}> : Selkup, [I<{sem}> : Semitic (Other)], I<{sr}> : Serbian, +I<{srr}> : Serer, I<{shn}> : Shan, I<{sn}> : Shona, I<{sid}> : Sidamo, +I<{sgn-...}> : Sign Languages, I<{bla}> : Siksika, I<{sd}> : Sindhi, +I<{si}> : Sinhalese, [I<{sit}> : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [I<{sio}> : Siouan +languages], I<{den}> : Slave (Athapascan), [I<{sla}> : Slavic (Other)], +I<{sk}> : Slovak, I<{sl}> : Slovenian, I<{sog}> : Sogdian, I<{so}> : +Somali, I<{son}> : Songhai, I<{snk}> : Soninke, I<{wen}> : Sorbian +languages, I<{nso}> : Northern Sotho, I<{st}> : Southern Sotho, [I<{sai}> : +South American Indian (Other)], I<{es}> : Spanish, I<{suk}> : Sukuma, +I<{sux}> : Sumerian, I<{su}> : Sundanese, I<{sus}> : Susu, I<{sw}> : +Swahili, I<{ss}> : Swati, I<{sv}> : Swedish, I<{syr}> : Syriac, I<{tl}> : +Tagalog, I<{ty}> : Tahitian, [I<{tai}> : Tai (Other)], I<{tg}> : Tajik, +I<{tmh}> : Tamashek, I<{ta}> : Tamil, I<{i-tao}> : Tao, I<{tt}> : Tatar, +I<{i-tay}> : Tayal, I<{te}> : Telugu, I<{ter}> : Tereno, I<{tet}> : Tetum, +I<{th}> : Thai, I<{bo}> : Tibetan, I<{tig}> : Tigre, I<{ti}> : Tigrinya, +I<{tem}> : Timne, I<{tiv}> : Tiv, I<{tli}> : Tlingit, I<{tpi}> : Tok Pisin, +I<{tkl}> : Tokelau, I<{tog}> : Tonga (Nyasa), I<{to}> : Tonga (Tonga +Islands), I<{tsi}> : Tsimshian, I<{ts}> : Tsonga, I<{i-tsu}> : Tsou, +I<{tn}> : Tswana, I<{tum}> : Tumbuka, I<{tr}> : Turkish, I<{ota}> : Ottoman +Turkish (1500-1928), I<{tk}> : Turkmen, I<{tvl}> : Tuvalu, I<{tyv}> : +Tuvinian, I<{tw}> : Twi, I<{uga}> : Ugaritic, I<{ug}> : Uighur, I<{uk}> : +Ukrainian, I<{umb}> : Umbundu, I<{und}> : Undetermined, I<{ur}> : Urdu, +I<{uz}> : Uzbek, I<{vai}> : Vai, I<{ven}> : Venda, I<{vi}> : Vietnamese, +I<{vo}> : VolapEk, I<{vot}> : Votic, [I<{wak}> : Wakashan languages], +I<{wal}> : Walamo, I<{war}> : Waray, I<{was}> : Washo, I<{cy}> : Welsh, +I<{wo}> : Wolof, I<{x-...}> : Unregistered (Private Use), I<{xh}> : Xhosa, +I<{sah}> : Yakut, I<{yao}> : Yao, I<{yap}> : Yapese, I<{yi}> : Yiddish, +I<{yo}> : Yoruba, [I<{ypk}> : Yupik languages], I<{znd}> : Zande, [I<{zap}> +: Zapotec], I<{zen}> : Zenaga, I<{za}> : Zhuang, I<{zu}> : Zulu, I<{zun}> : +Zuni -=over +=item SEE ALSO -=item SYNOPSIS +=item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER -=item DESCRIPTION +=item AUTHOR =back =head2 IO - load various IO modules -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7501,7 +11196,7 @@ locale =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7520,7 +11215,7 @@ rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ] =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7542,7 +11237,7 @@ open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ) =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7571,7 +11266,7 @@ $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7595,7 +11290,7 @@ reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles () =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7616,12 +11311,16 @@ IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] ) =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION +$io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET), +WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ), +$io->tell + =item SEE ALSO =item HISTORY @@ -7630,7 +11329,7 @@ IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] ) =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7656,7 +11355,7 @@ count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] ) =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7668,8 +11367,8 @@ new ( [ARGS] ) =item METHODS -accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), timeout([VAL]), -sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol, connected +accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected, +protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL]) =item SEE ALSO @@ -7681,7 +11380,7 @@ sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol, connected =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7691,7 +11390,7 @@ sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol, connected new ( [ARGS] ) -=over +=over 4 =item METHODS @@ -7710,7 +11409,7 @@ sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7735,7 +11434,7 @@ hostpath(), peerpath() =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7754,7 +11453,7 @@ rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ] =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7777,7 +11476,7 @@ open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ) =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7806,7 +11505,7 @@ $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7830,7 +11529,7 @@ reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles () =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7852,12 +11551,16 @@ IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] ) =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION +$io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET), +WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ), +$io->tell + =item SEE ALSO =item HISTORY @@ -7867,7 +11570,7 @@ I/O objects =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7894,7 +11597,7 @@ count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] ) =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7906,8 +11609,8 @@ new ( [ARGS] ) =item METHODS -accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), timeout([VAL]), -sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol, connected +accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected, +protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL]) =item SEE ALSO @@ -7920,7 +11623,7 @@ sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol, connected =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7930,7 +11633,7 @@ AF_INET domain sockets new ( [ARGS] ) -=over +=over 4 =item METHODS @@ -7950,7 +11653,7 @@ sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7974,7 +11677,7 @@ hostpath(), peerpath() =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -7996,7 +11699,7 @@ FLAGS ] ), stat =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -8011,7 +11714,7 @@ FLAGS ] ), stat =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error handling -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -8023,7 +11726,7 @@ handling =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -8046,7 +11749,7 @@ set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -8064,7 +11767,7 @@ ftok( PATH, ID ) =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -8084,71 +11787,408 @@ FLAGS ] ), stat =back -=head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object -class +=head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object +class + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item METHODS + +new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ), +getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ), +set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N +, VALUE ), stat + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce +BLOCK LIST, sum LIST + +=item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of +general-utility list subroutines + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce +BLOCK LIST, sum LIST + +=item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of +general-utility scalar subroutines + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype +EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=item BLATANT PLUG + +=back + +=head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS + +=item SEE ALSO + +Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166) + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +B, B, B + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item CONVERSION ROUTINES + +code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ), +country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET ) + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item QUERY ROUTINES + +C, C + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item CODE ALIASING + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item DOMAIN NAMES + +=item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS + +=item SEE ALSO + +Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, ISO 3166, +http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/, +http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html, +http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency +identification (ISO 4217) + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +XTS, XXX + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item CONVERSION ROUTINES + +code2currency(), currency2code() + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item QUERY ROUTINES + +C, C + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS + +=item SEE ALSO + +Locale::Country, ISO 4217:1995, http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification +(ISO 639) + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item CONVERSION ROUTINES + +code2language(), language2code() + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item QUERY ROUTINES + +C, C + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS + +=item SEE ALSO + +Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F), +http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item QUICK OVERVIEW + +=item METHODS + +=over 4 + +=item Construction Methods + +$lh = YourProjClass->get_handle( ...langtags... ) || die "lg-handle?";, $lh += YourProjClass->get_handleB<()> || die "lg-handle?";, $lh = +YourProjClass::langname->new();, $lh->init();, +YourProjClass->fallback_languages(), +YourProjClass->fallback_language_classes() + +=item The "maketext" Method + +$lh->fail_with I $lh->fail_with(I), $lh->failure_handler_auto + +=item Utility Methods + +$language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular, +$plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative), +$language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items), +$language->language_tag(), $language->encoding() + +=item Language Handle Attributes and Internals + +=back + +=item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES + +=item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON + +=item BRACKET NOTATION + +=item AUTO LEXICONS + +=item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE + +=item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes + +=over 4 + +=item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You + +=item The Linguistic View + +=item Breaking gettext + +=item Replacing gettext + +=item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation + +=item Buzzword: Isomorphism + +=item Buzzword: Inheritance + +=item Buzzword: Concision + +=item The Devil in the Details + +=item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites + +=item References + +=back + +=back + +=head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item METHODS +encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str) -new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ), -getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ), -set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N -, VALUE ), stat +=item DIAGNOSTICS -=item SEE ALSO +Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data -=item AUTHOR +=item EXAMPLES =item COPYRIGHT =back -=head2 MD5-1.7::MD5, MD5 - Perl interface to the RSA Data Security Inc. MD5 -Message-Digest Algorithm +=head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding +of quoted-printable strings -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item EXAMPLES - -=item NOTE - -=item AUTHOR +encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str); -=item SEE ALSO +=item COPYRIGHT =back -=head2 MD5-1.7::blib::MD5, MD5 - Perl interface to the RSA Data Security -Inc. MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm +=head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable +strings -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item EXAMPLES - -=item NOTE - -=item AUTHOR +encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str); -=item SEE ALSO +=item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -8165,7 +12205,7 @@ performed =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -8183,9 +12223,42 @@ Canonical notation, Input, Output =back +=head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical +functions + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item OPERATIONS + +=item CREATION + +=item STRINGIFICATION + +=over 4 + +=item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6 + +=back + +=item USAGE + +=item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO + +=item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHORS + +=back + =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -8195,7 +12268,7 @@ Canonical notation, Input, Output B -=over +=over 4 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO @@ -8207,7 +12280,7 @@ B =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS -=over +=over 4 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS @@ -8218,10 +12291,16 @@ cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical =back -=item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES +=item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS =item EXAMPLES +=over 4 + +=item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS + +=back + =item BUGS =item AUTHORS @@ -8230,33 +12309,61 @@ cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files -=over +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +C, C, C + +=item DIAGNOSTICS + +=over 4 + +=item C + +=back + +=item BUGS AND WARNINGS + +=back + +=head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch + +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION +=item AUTHOR + +=item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS + +=item COPYRIGHT + =back =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=over +icmp, udp, tcp, stream, external + +=over 4 =item Functions Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [, -$timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]); +$timeout]);, $p->open($host);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]); =back -=item WARNING - =item NOTES =back @@ -8264,7 +12371,7 @@ $timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]); =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -8281,7 +12388,7 @@ functions =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -8298,7 +12405,7 @@ functions =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() functions -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -8313,7 +12420,7 @@ functions =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -8329,7 +12436,7 @@ functions =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -8345,17 +12452,29 @@ functions =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION +C, C, C + +=item DIAGNOSTICS + +=over 4 + +=item C + +=back + +=item BUGS AND WARNINGS + =back =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -8383,7 +12502,7 @@ opdump (PAT) =back -=over +=over 4 =item Predefined Opcode Tags @@ -8401,7 +12520,7 @@ opdump (PAT) =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -8411,7 +12530,7 @@ a new namespace, an operator mask =item WARNING -=over +=over 4 =item RECENT CHANGES @@ -8435,7 +12554,7 @@ Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -8447,7 +12566,7 @@ compiling =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1 -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -8479,16 +12598,16 @@ rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid, setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp, sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat, strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen, -strncat, strncmp, strncpy, stroul, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, -strtod, strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, -tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, -tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, -ungetc, unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, -wcstombs, wctomb, write +strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod, +strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain, +tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile, +tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc, +unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs, +wctomb, write =item CLASSES -=over +=over 4 =item POSIX::SigAction @@ -8572,19 +12691,68 @@ Constants Constants, Macros -=item CREATION +=back + +=head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::* +name space + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, raw + +=over 4 + +=item Defaults and how to override them + +=back + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 PerlIO::Scalar - support module for in-memory IO. + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 PerlIO::Via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +$class->PUSHED([$mode][,$fh]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]), +$class->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $class->FDOPEN($fd), +$class->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,$fh), $obj->FILENO($fh), +$obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh), +$obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh), +$obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh), +$obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh) =back =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS -=over +=over 4 =item podchecker() @@ -8596,7 +12764,7 @@ B<-warnings> =E I =item DIAGNOSTICS -=over +=over 4 =item Errors @@ -8613,12 +12781,16 @@ after =back =item Warnings multiple occurence of link target I, line containing nothing but -whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, No numeric -argument for =over, previous =item has no contents, preceding non-item -paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I vs. I), I unescaped -CE> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No items in =over, No argument -for =item, empty section in previous paragraph, Verbatim paragraph in NAME -section, Hyperlinks +whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has +no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I +vs. I), I unescaped CE> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No +items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph, +Verbatim paragraph in NAME section + +=item Hyperlinks + +ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page' +deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or / =back @@ -8630,6 +12802,8 @@ section, Hyperlinks =back +Cnew( %options )> + C<$checker-Epoderror( @args )>, C<$checker-Epoderror( {%opts}, @args )> @@ -8643,7 +12817,7 @@ C<$checker-Eidx()> C<$checker-Ehyperlink()> -=over +=over 4 =item AUTHOR @@ -8651,15 +12825,45 @@ C<$checker-Ehyperlink()> =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION -=item OPTIONS +=back + +=over 4 + +=item C + +C<-verbose =E 1>, C<-perl =E 1>, C<-script =E 1>, C<-inc =E +1> -B<-verbose>, B<-perl>, B<-script>, B<-inc> +=back + +=over 4 + +=item C + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item C + +C<-inc =E 1>, C<-dirs =E [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E +1> + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item C + +=back + +=over 4 =item AUTHOR @@ -8669,7 +12873,7 @@ B<-verbose>, B<-perl>, B<-script>, B<-inc> =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -8677,9 +12881,9 @@ B<-verbose>, B<-perl>, B<-script>, B<-inc> =item ARGUMENTS -backlink, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index, infile, -libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse, title, -verbose +backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index, +infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse, +title, verbose =item EXAMPLE @@ -8696,7 +12900,7 @@ verbose =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs, commands, etc. -=over +=over 4 =item SYNOPSIS @@ -8706,216 +12910,216 @@ commands, etc. =item DESCRIPTION -B, B, B, -B +package B, package B, package +B, package B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item Pod::Paragraph-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_para-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_para-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_para-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_para-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_para-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_para-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_para-EB =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item Pod::InteriorSequence-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_seq-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_seq-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_seq-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_seq-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_seq-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_seq-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_seq-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_seq-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $pod_seq-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item Pod::InteriorSequence::B =back -=over +=over 4 =item B =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item Pod::ParseTree-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $ptree-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $ptree-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $ptree-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $ptree-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item $ptree-EB =back -=over +=over 4 -=item B +=item Pod::ParseTree::B =back -=over +=over 4 =item SEE ALSO @@ -8923,21 +13127,141 @@ B =back +=head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item OBJECT METHODS + +C + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item Data Accessors + +B + +=back + +B + +B + +B