X-Git-Url: http://git.shadowcat.co.uk/gitweb/gitweb.cgi?a=blobdiff_plain;f=pod%2Fperltoc.pod;h=5768081c905ea353efce8cbe0e51718279eb88b4;hb=72503137b2e9ea029110e27e896f6f1ccd8c0e8a;hp=8cac0fa7afa63d21de0d55c0a4f1b42bba40fe04;hpb=a60067777be62ee91d1318f9ae26d9ed713245de;p=p5sagit%2Fp5-mst-13.2.git diff --git a/pod/perltoc.pod b/pod/perltoc.pod index 8cac0fa..5768081 100644 --- a/pod/perltoc.pod +++ b/pod/perltoc.pod @@ -11,3154 +11,10082 @@ through to locate the proper section you're looking for. =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION - - - =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language -=item SYNOPSIS +=over +=item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION +modularity and reusability using innumerable modules, embeddable and +extensible, roll-your-own magic variables (including multiple simultaneous +DBM implementations), subroutines can now be overridden, autoloaded, and +prototyped, arbitrarily nested data structures and anonymous functions, +object-oriented programming, compilability into C code or Perl bytecode, +support for light-weight processes (threads), support for +internationalization, localization, and Unicode, lexical scoping, regular +expression enhancements, enhanced debugger and interactive Perl +environment, with integrated editor support, POSIX 1003.1 compliant library -Many usability enhancements, Simplified grammar, Lexical scoping, -Arbitrarily nested data structures, Modularity and reusability, -Object-oriented programming, Embeddable and Extensible, POSIX -compliant, Package constructors and destructors, Multiple simultaneous -DBM implementations, Subroutine definitions may now be autoloaded, -Regular expression enhancements +=item AVAILABILITY =item ENVIRONMENT - -HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5DB, PERLLIB - =item AUTHOR - =item FILES - =item SEE ALSO - =item DIAGNOSTICS - =item BUGS - =item NOTES +=back +=head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23 +20:38:02 $) - - -=head2 perldata - Perl data types +=over =item DESCRIPTION +perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ, L: General Questions +About Perl, What is Perl?, Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it +free?, Which version of Perl should I use?, What are perl4 and perl5?, What +is perl6?, How stable is Perl?, Is Perl difficult to learn?, How does Perl +compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, Scheme, or Tcl?, Can +I do [task] in Perl?, When shouldn't I program in Perl?, What's the +difference between "perl" and "Perl"?, Is it a Perl program or a Perl +script?, What is a JAPH?, Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?, +How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version +(5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language)?, L: Obtaining and +Learning about Perl, What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?, How +can I get a binary version of Perl?, I don't have a C compiler on my +system. How can I compile perl?, I copied the Perl binary from one machine +to another, but scripts don't work, I grabbed the sources and tried to +compile but gdbm/dynamic loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make +it work?, What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is +CPAN? What does CPAN/src/... mean?, Is there an ISO or ANSI certified +version of Perl?, Where can I get information on Perl?, What are the Perl +newsgroups on USENET? Where do I post questions?, Where should I post +source code?, Perl Books, Perl in Magazines, Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW +Access, What mailing lists are there for perl?, Archives of +comp.lang.perl.misc, Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?, Where +do I send bug reports?, What is perl.com?, L: Programming Tools, +How do I do (anything)?, How can I use Perl interactively?, Is there a Perl +shell?, How do I debug my Perl programs?, How do I profile my Perl +programs?, How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?, Is there a +pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?, Is there a ctags for Perl?, Is there +an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?, Where can I get Perl macros for vi?, Where +can I get perl-mode for emacs?, How can I use curses with Perl?, How can I +use X or Tk with Perl?, How can I generate simple menus without using CGI +or Tk?, What is undump?, How can I make my Perl program run faster?, How +can I make my Perl program take less memory?, Is it unsafe to return a +pointer to local data?, How can I free an array or hash so my program +shrinks?, How can I make my CGI script more efficient?, How can I hide the +source for my Perl program?, How can I compile my Perl program into byte +code or C?, How can I compile Perl into Java?, How can I get C<#!perl> to +work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?, Can I write useful perl programs on the command +line?, Why don't perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?, Where can +I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?, Where can I learn about +object-oriented Perl programming?, Where can I learn about linking C with +Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp], I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't +embed perl in my C program, what am I doing wrong?, When I tried to run my +script, I got this message. What does it mean?, What's MakeMaker?, +L: Data Manipulation, Why am I getting long decimals (eg, +19.9499999999999) instead of the numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?, +Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?, Does Perl have a round() +function? What about ceil() and floor()? Trig functions?, How do I +convert bits into ints?, Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?, How do I +multiply matrices?, How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?, +How can I output Roman numerals?, Why aren't my random numbers random?, How +do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?, How do I find the current +century or millennium?, How can I compare two dates and find the +difference?, How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?, How +can I find the Julian Day?, How do I find yesterday's date?, Does Perl have +a year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?, How do I validate input?, How +do I unescape a string?, How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?, +How do I expand function calls in a string?, How do I find matching/nesting +anything?, How do I reverse a string?, How do I expand tabs in a string?, +How do I reformat a paragraph?, How can I access/change the first N letters +of a string?, How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?, How can I +count the number of occurrences of a substring within a string?, How do I +capitalize all the words on one line?, How can I split a [character] +delimited string except when inside [character]? (Comma-separated files), +How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?, How do I +pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?, How do I extract +selected columns from a string?, How do I find the soundex value of a +string?, How can I expand variables in text strings?, What's wrong with +always quoting "$vars"?, Why don't my <: Files and Formats, How do I flush/unbuffer an output +filehandle? Why must I do this?, How do I change one line in a file/delete +a line in a file/insert a line in the middle of a file/append to the +beginning of a file?, How do I count the number of lines in a file?, How do +I make a temporary file name?, How can I manipulate fixed-record-length +files?, How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass +filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?, +How can I use a filehandle indirectly?, How can I set up a footer format to +be used with write()?, How can I write() into a string?, How can I output +my numbers with commas added?, How can I translate tildes (~) in a +filename?, How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?, Why do +I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?, Is there a +leak/bug in glob()?, How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing +blanks?, How can I reliably rename a file?, How can I lock a file?, Why +can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?, I still don't get locking. I just +want to increment the number in the file. How can I do this?, How do I +randomly update a binary file?, How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?, +How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?, How do I print to more than one +file at once?, How can I read in an entire file all at once?, How can I +read in a file by paragraphs?, How can I read a single character from a +file? From the keyboard?, How can I tell whether there's a character +waiting on a filehandle?, How do I do a C in perl?, How do I dup() +a filehandle in Perl?, How do I close a file descriptor by number?, Why +can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't `C:\temp\foo.exe` +work?, Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?, Why does Perl let me +delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber protected files? Isn't +this a bug in Perl?, How do I select a random line from a file?, Why do I +get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?, L: Regexps, How +can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible and +unmaintainable code?, I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. +What's wrong?, How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are +themselves on different lines?, I put a regular expression into $/ but it +didn't work. What's wrong?, How do I substitute case insensitively on the +LHS, but preserving case on the RHS?, How can I make C<\w> match national +character sets?, How can I match a locale-smart version of C?, +How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?, What is C really for?, +How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a file?, +Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?, What does it +mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?, How do I process +each word on each line?, How can I print out a word-frequency or +line-frequency summary?, How can I do approximate matching?, How do I +efficiently match many regular expressions at once?, Why don't +word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?, Why does using $&, $`, or +$' slow my program down?, What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?, Are +Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?, What's wrong with +using grep or map in a void context?, How can I match strings with +multibyte characters?, How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the +user?, L: General Perl Language Issues, Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE +for the Perl language?, What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how +do I know when to use them?, Do I always/never have to quote my strings or +use semicolons and commas?, How do I skip some return values?, How do I +temporarily block warnings?, What's an extension?, Why do Perl operators +have different precedence than C operators?, How do I declare/create a +structure?, How do I create a module?, How do I create a class?, How can I +tell if a variable is tainted?, What's a closure?, What is variable suicide +and how can I prevent it?, How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, +Array, Hash, Method, Regex}?, How do I create a static variable?, What's +the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? Between +local() and my()?, How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly +named lexical is in scope?, What's the difference between deep and shallow +binding?, Why doesn't "my($foo) = ;" work right?, How do I redefine a +builtin function, operator, or method?, What's the difference between +calling a function as &foo and foo()?, How do I create a switch or case +statement?, How can I catch accesses to undefined +variables/functions/methods?, Why can't a method included in this same file +be found?, How can I find out my current package?, How can I comment out a +large block of perl code?, How do I clear a package?, How can I use a +variable as a variable name?, L: System Interaction, How do I +find out which operating system I'm running under?, How come exec() doesn't +return?, How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?, How do I +print something out in color?, How do I read just one key without waiting +for a return key?, How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?, +How do I clear the screen?, How do I get the screen size?, How do I ask the +user for a password?, How do I read and write the serial port?, How do I +decode encrypted password files?, How do I start a process in the +background?, How do I trap control characters/signals?, How do I modify the +shadow password file on a Unix system?, How do I set the time and date?, +How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?, How can I measure time +under a second?, How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception +handling), Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? +What does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?, How can I call +my system's unique C functions from Perl?, Where do I get the include files +to do ioctl() or syscall()?, Why do setuid perl scripts complain about +kernel problems?, How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?, Why +can't I get the output of a command with system()?, How can I capture +STDERR from an external command?, Why doesn't open() return an error when a +pipe open fails?, What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?, How +can I call backticks without shell processing?, Why can't my script read +from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, ^Z on MS-DOS)?, How can I +convert my shell script to perl?, Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp +session?, How can I write expect in Perl?, Is there a way to hide perl's +command line from programs such as "ps"?, I {changed directory, modified my +environment} in a perl script. How come the change disappeared when I +exited the script? How do I get my changes to be visible?, How do I close +a process's filehandle without waiting for it to complete?, How do I fork a +daemon process?, How do I make my program run with sh and csh?, How do I +find out if I'm running interactively or not?, How do I timeout a slow +event?, How do I set CPU limits?, How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?, +How do I use an SQL database?, How do I make a system() exit on control-C?, +How do I open a file without blocking?, How do I install a module from +CPAN?, What's the difference between require and use?, How do I keep my own +module/library directory?, How do I add the directory my program lives in +to the module/library search path?, How do I add a directory to my include +path at runtime?, What is socket.ph and where do I get it?, L: +Networking, My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. +(500 Server Error), How can I get better error messages from a CGI +program?, How do I remove HTML from a string?, How do I extract URLs?, How +do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a file on +another machine?, How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?, How do I fetch an +HTML file?, How do I automate an HTML form submission?, How do I decode or +create those %-encodings on the web?, How do I redirect to another page?, +How do I put a password on my web pages?, How do I edit my .htpasswd and +.htgroup files with Perl?, How do I make sure users can't enter values into +a form that cause my CGI script to do bad things?, How do I parse a mail +header?, How do I decode a CGI form?, How do I check a valid mail address?, +How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?, How do I return the user's mail +address?, How do I send mail?, How do I read mail?, How do I find out my +hostname/domainname/IP address?, How do I fetch a news article or the +active newsgroups?, How do I fetch/put an FTP file?, How can I do RPC in +Perl? =over -=item Variable names - - -=item Context +=item Where to get this document +=item How to contribute to this document -=item Scalar values +=item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the +authors +=back -=item Scalar value constructors +=item Credits +=item Author and Copyright Information -=item List value constructors +=over +=item Bundled Distributions -=item Typeglobs and FileHandles +=item Disclaimer +=back +=item Changes +23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98, 24/April/97, 23/April/97, +25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version, Initial Release: 11/March/97 =back +=head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $, $Date: +1999/05/23 16:08:30 $) +=over +=item DESCRIPTION -=head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax +=over -=item DESCRIPTION +=item What is Perl? +=item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free? -=over +=item Which version of Perl should I use? -=item Declarations +=item What are perl4 and perl5? +=item What is perl6? -=item Simple statements +=item How stable is Perl? +=item Is Perl difficult to learn? -=item Compound statements +=item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, +Scheme, or Tcl? +=item Can I do [task] in Perl? -=item Loop Control +=item When shouldn't I program in Perl? +=item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"? -=item For Loops +=item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script? +=item What is a JAPH? -=item Foreach Loops +=item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms? +=item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version +(5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language)? -=item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements +=back +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=item Goto +=back +=head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.32 $, +$Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09 $) -=item PODs: Embedded Documentation +=over +=item DESCRIPTION +=over +=item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it? -=back +=item How can I get a binary version of Perl? +=item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl? +=item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts +don't work. +=item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic +loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work? -=head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence +=item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN? +What does CPAN/src/... mean? -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl? +=item Where can I get information on Perl? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions? +=item Where should I post source code? -=over +=item Perl Books -=item Terms and List Operators (Leftward) +References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics +=item Perl in Magazines -=item The Arrow Operator +=item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access +=item What mailing lists are there for Perl? -=item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement +=item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc +=item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl? -=item Exponentiation +=item Where do I send bug reports? +=item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? -=item Symbolic Unary Operators +=back +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=item Binding Operators +=back +=head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 +16:08:30 $) -=item Multiplicative Operators +=over +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Additive Operators +=over +=item How do I do (anything)? -=item Shift Operators +=item How can I use Perl interactively? +=item Is there a Perl shell? -=item Named Unary Operators +=item How do I debug my Perl programs? +=item How do I profile my Perl programs? -=item Relational Operators +=item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs? +=item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl? -=item Equality Operators +=item Is there a ctags for Perl? +=item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor? -=item Bitwise And +=item Where can I get Perl macros for vi? +=item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs? -=item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or +=item How can I use curses with Perl? +=item How can I use X or Tk with Perl? -=item C-style Logical And +=item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk? +=item What is undump? -=item C-style Logical Or +=item How can I make my Perl program run faster? +=item How can I make my Perl program take less memory? -=item Range Operator +=item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data? +=item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks? -=item Conditional Operator +=item How can I make my CGI script more efficient? +=item How can I hide the source for my Perl program? -=item Assignment Operators +=item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C? +=item How can I compile Perl into Java? -=item Comma Operator +=item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]? +=item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line? -=item List Operators (Rightward) +=item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system? +=item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl? -=item Logical Not +=item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming? +=item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp] -=item Logical And +=item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in +my C program, what am I doing wrong? +=item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it +mean? -=item Logical or and Exclusive Or +=item What's MakeMaker? +=back -=item C Operators Missing From Perl +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=back -unary &, unary *, (TYPE) +=head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 +20:37:49 $) -=item Quote and Quote-like Operators +=over +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Regexp Quote-like Operators +=item Data: Numbers +=over -?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/gimosx, /PATTERN/gimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>, -qq/STRING/, "STRING", qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/, -s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, -y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds +=item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the +numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)? -=item I/O Operators +=item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly? +=item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()? +Trig functions? -=item Constant Folding +=item How do I convert bits into ints? +=item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to? -=item Integer Arithmetic +=item How do I multiply matrices? +=item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers? +=item How can I output Roman numerals? +=item Why aren't my random numbers random? =back +=item Data: Dates +=over +=item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year? -=head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions - -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How do I find the current century or millennium? +=item How can I compare two dates and find the difference? -i, m, s, x +=item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds? -=over +=item How can I find the Julian Day? -=item Regular Expressions +=item How do I find yesterday's date? +=item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant? -(?#text), (?:regexp), (?=regexp), (?!regexp), (?imsx) +=back -=item Backtracking +=item Data: Strings +=over -=item Version 8 Regular Expressions +=item How do I validate input? +=item How do I unescape a string? -=item WARNING on \1 vs $1 +=item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters? +=item How do I expand function calls in a string? +=item How do I find matching/nesting anything? +=item How do I reverse a string? -=back +=item How do I expand tabs in a string? +=item How do I reformat a paragraph? +=item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string? +=item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something? -=head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter +=item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a +string? -=item SYNOPSIS +=item How do I capitalize all the words on one line? +=item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside +[character]? (Comma-separated files) -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string? +=item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes? -=over +=item How do I extract selected columns from a string? -=item Switches +=item How do I find the soundex value of a string? +=item How can I expand variables in text strings? -B<-0>I, B<-a>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:foo>, B<-D>I, -B<-D>I, B<-e> I, B<-F>I, B<-i>I, -B<-I>I, B<-l>I, B<-m>I, B<-M>I, -B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, -B<-V:name>, B<-w>, B<-x> I +=item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"? +=item Why don't my < FILEHANDLE, -I EXPR, -I, abs VALUE, accept NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, -alarm SECONDS, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless -REF,CLASSNAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, -chomp VARIABLE, chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, -chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chroot FILENAME, close FILEHANDLE, closedir -DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, crypt -PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose ASSOC_ARRAY, dbmopen ASSOC,DBNAME,MODE, -defined EXPR, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do -EXPR, dump LABEL, each ASSOC_ARRAY, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval -EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, fcntl -FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock -FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE, LIST, getc -FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, -getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname -NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid -GID, getservb +=item How do I sort an array by (anything)? +=item How do I manipulate arrays of bits? +=item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes? =back +=item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays) +=over +=item How do I process an entire hash? -=head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables +=item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over +it? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How do I look up a hash element by value? +=item How can I know how many entries are in a hash? -=over +=item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)? -=item Predefined Names +=item How can I always keep my hash sorted? +=item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes? -$ARG, $_, $>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $', -$LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, input_line_number -HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, input_record_separator HANDLE -EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE EXPR, -$OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE EXPR, -$OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, -$OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", -$SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE -EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR, -$FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR, -$FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~, -format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^, -format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, -$FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, -$FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, -$ERRNO, $!, $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, -$UID, $<, +=item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction? + +=item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through? + +=item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes? + +=item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file? +=item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it? +=item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create +it? + +=item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or +array of hashes or arrays? + +=item How can I use a reference as a hash key? =back +=item Data: Misc +=over +=item How do I handle binary data correctly? -=head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines +=item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float? -=item SYNOPSIS +=item How do I keep persistent data across program calls? +=item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How do I define methods for every class/object? +=item How do I verify a credit card checksum? -=over +=item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code? -=item Private Variables via my() +=back +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=item Temporary Values via local() +=back +=head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 +16:08:30 $) -=item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs) +=over +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Pass by Reference +=over +=item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this? -=item Prototypes +=item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a +line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file? +=item How do I count the number of lines in a file? -=item Overriding Builtin Functions +=item How do I make a temporary file name? +=item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files? -=item Autoloading +=item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass +filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles? +=item How can I use a filehandle indirectly? +=item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()? +=item How can I write() into a string? -=back +=item How can I output my numbers with commas added? -=item SEE ALSO +=item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename? +=item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out? +=item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>? +=item Is there a leak/bug in glob()? +=item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks? -=head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages) +=item How can I reliably rename a file? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How can I lock a file? +=item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")? -=over +=item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in +the file. How can I do this? -=item Packages +=item How do I randomly update a binary file? +=item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl? -=item Symbol Tables +=item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl? +=item How do I print to more than one file at once? -=item Package Constructors and Destructors +=item How can I read in an entire file all at once? +=item How can I read in a file by paragraphs? -=item Perl Classes +=item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard? +=item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle? -=item Perl Modules +=item How do I do a C in perl? +=item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl? +=item How do I close a file descriptor by number? +=item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't +`C:\temp\foo.exe` work? -=back +=item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files? -=item NOTE +=item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber +protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl? +=item How do I select a random line from a file? -=item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY +=item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines? +=back -=over +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=item Pragmatic Modules +=back +=head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $) -diagnostics, integer, less, overload, sigtrap, strict, subs +=over -=item Standard Modules +=item DESCRIPTION +=over -AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, Benchmark, Carp, Config, Cwd, -DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, DynaLoader, English, Env, Exporter, -ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, -ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Miniperl, Fcntl, File::Basename, -File::CheckTree, File::Find, FileHandle, File::Path, Getopt::Long, -Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Net::Ping, POSIX, -SelfLoader, Safe, Socket, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev +=item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible +and unmaintainable code? -=item Extension Modules +Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters +=item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong? +=item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on +different lines? +=item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong? -=back +=item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS, but preserving +case on the RHS? -=item CPAN +=item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets? +=item How can I match a locale-smart version of C? -Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, -Operating System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and -InterProcess Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, -Database Interfaces, User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of -Other Programming Languages, File Names, File Systems and File Locking -(see also File Handles), String Processing, Language Text Processing, -Parsing and Searching, Option, Argument, Parameter and Configuration -File Processing, Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, -Security and Encryption, World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server -and Daemon Utilities, Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and -Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, -Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc), File Handle and -Input/Output Stream Utilities, Miscellaneous Modules +=item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex? -=item Modules: Creation, Use and Abuse +=item What is C really for? +=item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a +file? -=over +=item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text? -=item Guidelines for Module Creation +=item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it? +=item How do I process each word on each line? -Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new -module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, -Select what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it -right?, README and other Additional Files, A description of the -module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, -Prerequisites - what else you may need to have, How to build it - -possible changes to Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes -in this release, especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements -you plan to make in the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the -module a version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a -module, Take care when changing a released module +=item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary? -=item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules +=item How can I do approximate matching? +=item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once? -There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications, -Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you -started, Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package -specifiers from ' to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other -minor changes +=item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me? -=item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code +=item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down? +=item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression? -Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many -applications contain some perl code which could be reused, Break-out -the reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the -opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases -the 'application' can then be reduced to a small +=item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant? +=item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context? +=item How can I match strings with multibyte characters? + +=item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user? =back +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=back +=head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date: +1999/05/23 20:36:18 $) -=head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures +=over =item DESCRIPTION - =over -=item Symbolic references +=item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language? +=item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to +use them? -=item Not-so-symbolic references +=item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and +commas? +=item How do I skip some return values? +=item How do I temporarily block warnings? +=item What's an extension? -=back +=item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators? -=item WARNING +=item How do I declare/create a structure? +=item How do I create a module? -=item SEE ALSO +=item How do I create a class? +=item How can I tell if a variable is tainted? +=item What's a closure? +=item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it? +=item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method, +Regex}? -=head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook +Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes, +Passing Methods -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How do I create a static variable? +=item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? +Between local() and my()? -arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes, -more elaborate constructs, recursive and self-referential data -structures, objects +=item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical +is in scope? -=item REFERENCES +=item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding? +=item Why doesn't "my($foo) = ;" work right? -=item COMMON MISTAKES +=item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method? +=item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()? -=item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE +=item How do I create a switch or case statement? +=item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods? -=item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C +=item Why can't a method included in this same file be found? +=item How can I find out my current package? -=item DEBUGGING +=item How can I comment out a large block of perl code? +=item How do I clear a package? -=item CODE EXAMPLES +=item How can I use a variable as a variable name? + +=back +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=item LISTS OF LISTS +=back +=head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.39 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 +18:37:57 $) =over -=item Declaration of a LIST OF LISTS +=item DESCRIPTION +=over -=item Generation of a LIST OF LISTS +=item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under? +=item How come exec() doesn't return? -=item Access and Printing of a LIST OF LISTS +=item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse? +Keyboard, Screen, Mouse +=item How do I print something out in color? +=item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key? -=back +=item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard? -=item HASHES OF LISTS +=item How do I clear the screen? +=item How do I get the screen size? -=over +=item How do I ask the user for a password? -=item Declaration of a HASH OF LISTS +=item How do I read and write the serial port? +lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input -=item Generation of a HASH OF LISTS +=item How do I decode encrypted password files? +=item How do I start a process in the background? -=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF LISTS +STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies +=item How do I trap control characters/signals? +=item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system? +=item How do I set the time and date? -=back +=item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second? -=item LISTS OF HASHES +=item How can I measure time under a second? +=item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling) -=over +=item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What +does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean? -=item Declaration of a LIST OF HASHES +=item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl? +=item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()? -=item Generation of a LIST OF HASHES +=item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems? +=item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command? -=item Access and Printing of a LIST OF HASHES +=item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()? +=item How can I capture STDERR from an external command? +=item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails? +=item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context? -=back +=item How can I call backticks without shell processing? -=item HASHES OF HASHES +=item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, +^Z on MS-DOS)? +=item How can I convert my shell script to perl? -=over +=item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session? -=item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES +=item How can I write expect in Perl? +=item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as +"ps"? -=item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES +=item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How +come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my +changes to be visible? +Unix -=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES +=item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to +complete? +=item How do I fork a daemon process? +=item How do I make my program run with sh and csh? +=item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not? -=back +=item How do I timeout a slow event? -=item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS +=item How do I set CPU limits? +=item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system? -=over +=item How do I use an SQL database? -=item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS +=item How do I make a system() exit on control-C? +=item How do I open a file without blocking? -=item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS +=item How do I install a module from CPAN? +=item What's the difference between require and use? -=item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS +=item How do I keep my own module/library directory? +=item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library +search path? +=item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime? +=item What is socket.ph and where do I get it? =back -=item Database Ties +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=back -=item SEE ALSO +=head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.26 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 +$) +=over -=item AUTHOR +=item DESCRIPTION +=over +=item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500 +Server Error) +=item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program? +=item How do I remove HTML from a string? -=head2 perllol, perlLoL - Manipulating Lists of Lists in Perl +=item How do I extract URLs? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a +file on another machine? +=item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML? -=item Declaration and Access of Lists of Lists +=item How do I fetch an HTML file? +=item How do I automate an HTML form submission? -=item Growing Your Own +=item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web? +=item How do I redirect to another page? -=item Access and Printing +=item How do I put a password on my web pages? +=item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl? -=item Slices +=item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my +CGI script to do bad things? +=item How do I parse a mail header? -=item SEE ALSO +=item How do I decode a CGI form? +=item How do I check a valid mail address? -=item AUTHOR +=item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string? +=item How do I return the user's mail address? +=item How do I send mail? +=item How do I read mail? +=item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address? -=head2 perlobj - Perl objects +=item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How do I fetch/put an FTP file? +=item How can I do RPC in Perl? -=over +=back -=item An Object is Simply a Reference +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=back -=item A Class is Simply a Package +=head2 perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0 +=over -=item A Method is Simply a Subroutine +=item DESCRIPTION +=item Core Enhancements -=item Method Invocation +=over +=item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency -=item Default UNIVERSAL methods +=item Lexically scoped warning categories -isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION([VERSION]), class(), is_instance() +=item Unicode and UTF-8 support +=item Support for interpolating named characters -=item Destructors +=item "our" declarations +=item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals -=item WARNING +=item Improved Perl version numbering system +=item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes -=item Summary +=item File and directory handles can be autovivified +=item open() with more than two arguments -=item Two-Phased Garbage Collection +=item 64-bit support +=item Large file support +=item Long doubles +=item "more bits" -=back +=item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines -=item SEE ALSO +=item C allowed +=item File globbing implemented internally +Support for CHECK blocks +=item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported +Better pseudo-random number generator -=head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable +=item Improved C operator -=item SYNOPSIS +Better worst-case behavior of hashes +=item pack() format 'Z' supported -=item DESCRIPTION +=item pack() format modifier '!' supported +=item pack() and unpack() support counted strings -=over +=item Comments in pack() templates -=item Tying Scalars - - -TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this +=item Weak references -=item Tying Arrays +=item Binary numbers supported +=item Lvalue subroutines -TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value, -DESTROY this +=item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references -=item Tying Hashes +=item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues +=item exists() is supported on subroutine names -USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, -STORE this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, -FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this +=item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements -=item Tying FileHandles +=item Pseudo-hashes work better +=item Automatic flushing of output buffers +=item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations +=item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle -=back +=item eof() has the same old magic as <> -=item SEE ALSO +=item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes +=item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text" -=item BUGS +=item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure +=item Improved diagnostics -=item AUTHOR +=item Diagnostics follow STDERR +More consistent close-on-exec behavior +=item syswrite() ease-of-use +=item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators +=item Bit operators support full native integer width -=head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT) +=item Improved security features -=item DESCRIPTION +More functional bareword prototype (*) +=item C and C may be overridden -=item OO SCALING TIPS +=item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character +=item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch -=item INSTANCE VARIABLES +=item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string +=item Optional Y2K warnings -=item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES +=back +=item Modules and Pragmata -=item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE +=over +=item Modules -=item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS +attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper, +DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English, +Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec, +File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt, +Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker, +podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage, +pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname, +Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters +=item Pragmata -=item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS +=back +=item Utility Changes -=item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM +=over +=item dprofpp -=item THINKING OF CODE REUSE +=item find2perl +=item h2xs -=item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT +=item perlcc +=item perldoc -=item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR +=item The Perl Debugger +=back -=item DELEGATION +=item Improved Documentation +perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod, +perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod, +perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod, +perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod +=item Performance enhancements +=over +=item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized -=head2 perldebug - Perl debugging +=item Optimized assignments to lexical variables -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Faster subroutine calls +delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster -=item The Perl Debugger +=back +=item Installation and Configuration Improvements =over -=item Debugger Commands - +=item -Dusethreads means something different -h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n, -ECRE, c [line], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, --, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]pattern], t, t -expr, b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], d [line], D, a -[line] command, A, O [opt[=val]] [opt"val"] [opt?].., recallCommand, -ShellBang, pager, arrayDepth, hashDepth, compactDump, veryCompact, -globPrint, DumpDBFiles, DumpPackages, quote, HighBit, undefPrint, -tkRunning, signalLevel, warnLevel. dieLevel, E command, E -command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, H -number, q or ^D, -R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, = [alias value], command, p expr +=item New Configure flags +=item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring -=item Debugger Customization +=item Long Doubles +=item -Dusemorebits -=item Readline Support +=item -Duselargefiles +=item installusrbinperl -=item Editor Support for Debugging +=item SOCKS support +=item C<-A> flag -=item The Perl Profiler +=item Enhanced Installation Directories +=back -=item Debugger Internals +=item Platform specific changes -TTY, noTTY, ReadLine, NonStop, LineInfo +=over +=item Supported platforms -=item Other resources +=item DOS +=item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS) +=item VMS +=item Win32 =back -=item BUGS +=item Significant bug fixes +=over +=item on empty files +=item C improvements +=item All compilation errors are true errors -=head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics +=item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Behavior of list slices is more consistent +=item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}> +=item C and AUTOLOAD +=item C<-bareword> allowed under C +=item Failures in DESTROY() -=head2 perlform - Perl formats +=item Locale bugs fixed -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Memory leaks +=item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls -=over +=item Taint failures under C<-U> -=item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data +=item END blocks and the C<-c> switch +=item Potential to leak DATA filehandles -=item Cleaning Up Your Path +=back +=item New or Changed Diagnostics + +"%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet +implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s, +/ cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed +by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape +\\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class +passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too +early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s +argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a +subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: +%s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled +substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional, +Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector +size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check +filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s", +Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default, +Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't +remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't +weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class +syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference, +constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated, +defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean +"local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective +%s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for +output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires +explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable, +Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: +|%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal +number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute: +%s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid +separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in +subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs +returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing +%sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub", +No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our", +No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time +is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref, +panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing +around "%s" list, Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use +"sub NAME : ATTRS" instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count +in pack overflows, Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed +memory ignored, Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, +Strange *+?{} on zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not +implemented, This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl +can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown +open() mode '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, +Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter +in attribute list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute +parameter in subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute +list, Value of CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant +number + +=item New tests + +=item Incompatible Changes -=item Security Bugs +=over +=item Perl Source Incompatibilities -=back +CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed -=item NOTES +=item Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different +Literals of the form C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed +pseudo-random number generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, +C fails on read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe +and socket handles, Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, +delete(), values() and C<\(%h)> operate on aliases to values, not copies, +vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS, Text of some diagnostic +output has changed, C<%@> has been removed, Parenthesized not() behaves +like a list operator, Semantics of bareword prototype C<(*)> have changed -=over +=item Semantics of bit operators may have changed on 64-bit platforms -=item Footers +=item More builtins taint their results +=item C Source Incompatibilities -=item Accessing Formatting Internals +C, C, C +=item Compatible C Source API Changes +C is now C +=item Binary Incompatibilities =back -=item WARNING - - - +=item Known Problems +=over -=head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, -pipes, safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores) +=item Thread test failures -=item DESCRIPTION +=item EBCDIC platforms not supported +=item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang -=item Signals +=item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure +=item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with +gcc -=item Named Pipes +=item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run +=item Arrow operator and arrays -=item Using open() for IPC +=item Windows 2000 +=item Experimental features -=over +Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The +pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file +globbing, The DB module, The regular expression constructs C<(?{ code })> +and C<(??{ code })> -=item Safe Pipe Opens +=back +=item Obsolete Diagnostics -=item Bidirectional Communication +Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed +logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, Probable precedence problem on %s, +regexp too big, Use of "$$" to mean "${$}" is deprecated +=item Reporting Bugs +=item SEE ALSO +=item HISTORY =back -=item Sockets: Client/Server Communication - +=head2 perldata - Perl data types =over -=item Internet TCP Clients and Servers +=item DESCRIPTION +=over -=item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers +=item Variable names +=item Context -=item UDP: Message Passing +=item Scalar values + +=item Scalar value constructors +=item List value constructors +=item Slices +=item Typeglobs and Filehandles =back -=item SysV IPC - +=item SEE ALSO -=item WARNING +=back +=head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax -=item NOTES +=over +=item DESCRIPTION -=item BUGS +=over +=item Declarations -=item AUTHOR +=item Simple statements +=item Compound statements -=item SEE ALSO +=item Loop Control +=item For Loops +=item Foreach Loops +=item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements +=item Goto -=head2 perlsec - Perl security +=item PODs: Embedded Documentation -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Plain Old Comments (Not!) +=back +=back +=head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence +=over -=head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary +=item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION - =over -=item Awk Traps +=item Terms and List Operators (Leftward) +=item The Arrow Operator -=item C Traps +=item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement +=item Exponentiation -=item Sed Traps +=item Symbolic Unary Operators +=item Binding Operators -=item Shell Traps +=item Multiplicative Operators +=item Additive Operators -=item Perl Traps +=item Shift Operators +=item Named Unary Operators -=item Perl4 Traps +=item Relational Operators +=item Equality Operators +=item Bitwise And +=item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or -=back +=item C-style Logical And +=item C-style Logical Or +=item Range Operators +=item Conditional Operator -=head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide +=item Assignment Operators -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Comma Operator +=item List Operators (Rightward) +=item Logical Not +=item Logical And +=item Logical or and Exclusive Or -=head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual +=item C Operators Missing From Perl -=item DESCRIPTION +unary &, unary *, (TYPE) +=item Quote and Quote-like Operators -=over +=item Regexp Quote-Like Operators -=item Introduction +?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>, +qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/, +s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, +y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds +=item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs -=item On The Road +Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation, +C<<<'EOF'>, C, C, C, C, C<''>, C, C<"">, +C<``>, C, C, C<< >>, C, C, C, +C,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of +regular expressions +=item I/O Operators -=item The Anatomy of an XSUB +=item Constant Folding +=item Bitwise String Operators -=item The Argument Stack +=item Integer Arithmetic +=item Floating-point Arithmetic -=item The RETVAL Variable +=item Bigger Numbers +=back -=item The MODULE Keyword +=back +=head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions -=item The PACKAGE Keyword +=over +=item DESCRIPTION -=item The PREFIX Keyword +i, m, s, x +=over -=item The OUTPUT: Keyword +=item Regular Expressions +cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit -=item The CODE: Keyword +=item Extended Patterns +C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>, +C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?, C<(?{ +code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>, +C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)> -=item The INIT: Keyword +=item Backtracking +=item Version 8 Regular Expressions -=item The NO_INIT Keyword +=item Warning on \1 vs $1 +=item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring -=item Initializing Function Parameters +=item Combining pieces together +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>, +C<(?!S)>, C<(?, C<(??{ EXPR })>, +C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)> -=item Default Parameter Values +=item Creating custom RE engines +=back -=item The PREINIT: Keyword +=item BUGS +=item SEE ALSO -=item The INPUT: Keyword +=back +=head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter -=item Variable-length Parameter Lists +=over +=item SYNOPSIS -=item The PPCODE: Keyword +=item DESCRIPTION +=over -=item Returning Undef And Empty Lists +=item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems +OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS -=item The REQUIRE: Keyword +=item Location of Perl +=item Command Switches -=item The CLEANUP: Keyword +B<-0>[I], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I, +B<-D>I, B<-D>I, B<-e> I, B<-F>I, +B<-h>, B<-i>[I], B<-I>I, B<-l>[I], +B<-m>[B<->]I, B<-M>[B<->]I, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>, +B<-[mM]>[B<->]I, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>, +B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>, +B<-x> I +=back -=item The BOOT: Keyword +=item ENVIRONMENT +HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL +(specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, +PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port) -=item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword +=back +=head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions -=item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword +=over +=item DESCRIPTION -=item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword +=over +=item Perl Functions by Category -=item The ALIAS: Keyword +Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching, +Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data, +Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed +length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories, +Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related +to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process +groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and +object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess +communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network +info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted +in perl5 +=item Portability -=item The INCLUDE: Keyword +=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions +I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept +NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, +binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, +bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, +chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, +chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE, +connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, +dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete +EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump, +each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, +exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl +FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, +fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, +getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam +NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname +NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr +ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, +getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, +getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent +STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, +endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, +getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, +goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, +import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl +FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, +last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, +link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, +lock, log EXPR, log, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK +LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl +ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd +ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module +LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open +FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, pack +TEMPLATE,LIST, package, package NAMESPACE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop +ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, +printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, +push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, +quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read +FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir +DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv +SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename +OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset, +return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex +STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar +EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select +FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl +ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send +SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority +WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY, +shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, +shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep +EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair +SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST, +sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, +splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split +/PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, +sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, +study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr +EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr +EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen +FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread +FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek +FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite +FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, +syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie +VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate +FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, +ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack +TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST, +use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST, +values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn +LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y/// -=item The CASE: Keyword +=back +=back -=item The & Unary Operator +=head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables +=over -=item Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives +=item DESCRIPTION +=over -=item Using XS With C++ +=item Predefined Names +$ARG, $_, $>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $', +$LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, +input_line_number HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, +input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, +autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE +EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE +EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", +$SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE +EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR, +$FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR, +$FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, @-, C<$`> is the same as +C, C<$&> is the same as C, C<$'> is the same as C, C<$1> is the same +as C, C<$2> is the same as +C, C<$3> is the same as C, format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~, +format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^, +format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, +$:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, +$CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, +$EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, +$EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, +$EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, +$DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, +$OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, +0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, +$BASETIME, $^T, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, +${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC, +%ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr} + +=item Error Indicators + +=item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names -=item Interface Strategy +=back +=item BUGS -=item Perl Objects And C Structures +=back +=head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines -=item The Typemap +=over +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION +=over -=back +=item Private Variables via my() -=item EXAMPLES +=item Persistent Private Variables +=item Temporary Values via local() -=item XS VERSION +=item Lvalue subroutines +=item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs) -=item AUTHOR +=item When to Still Use local() +1. You need to give a global variable a temporary value, especially $_, 2. +You need to create a local file or directory handle or a local function, 3. +You want to temporarily change just one element of an array or hash +=item Pass by Reference +=item Prototypes +=item Constant Functions -=head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for XSUB's +=item Overriding Built-in Functions -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Autoloading +=item Subroutine Attributes -=over +=back -=item VERSION CAVEAT +=item SEE ALSO +=back -=item DYNAMIC VERSUS STATIC +=head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables) +=over -=item EXAMPLE 1 +=item DESCRIPTION +=over -=item EXAMPLE 2 +=item Packages +=item Symbol Tables -=item WHAT HAS GONE ON? +=item Package Constructors and Destructors +=item Perl Classes -=item EXAMPLE 3 +=item Perl Modules + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back +=head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones -=item WHAT'S NEW HERE? +=over +=item DESCRIPTION -=item INPUT AND OUTPUT PARAMETERS +=item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY +=over -=item THE XSUBPP COMPILER +=item Pragmatic Modules +attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, +diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, lib, locale, open, ops, +overload, re, sigtrap, strict, subs, utf8, vars, warnings -=item THE TYPEMAP FILE +=item Standard Modules +AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, +B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, +B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, +CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, +CGI::Switch, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, +Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, +English, Env, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, +ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, +ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, +ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, +ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, +ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree, +File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path, +File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, +File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, +File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, +I18N::Collate, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, +Math::Complex, Math::Trig, NDBM_File, Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent, +Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, +Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, +Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Termcap, +Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, +Socket, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, +Test, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, +Text::Wrap, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, +Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, +UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent -=item WARNING +=item Extension Modules +=back -=item SPECIFYING ARGUMENTS TO XSUBPP +=item CPAN +Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating +System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess +Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces, +User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages, +File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String +Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option, +Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing, +Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption, +World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities, +Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, +and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and +exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities, +Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Central America, Europe, +North America, South America + +=item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse -=item THE ARGUMENT STACK +=over +=item Guidelines for Module Creation -=item EXTENDING YOUR EXTENSION +Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new +module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select +what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?, +README and other Additional Files, A description of the +module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites +- what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to +Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release, +especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in +the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a +version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take +care when changing a released module +=item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules -=item DOCUMENTING YOUR EXTENSION +There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications, +Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started, +Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from ' +to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes +=item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code -=item INSTALLING YOUR EXTENSION +Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many +applications contain some Perl code that could be reused, Break-out the +reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity +to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application' +can then be reduced to a small +=back -=item SEE ALSO +=item NOTE +=back -=item Author +=head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules +=over -=item Last Changed +=item DESCRIPTION +=over +=item PREAMBLE +B the file, B the file into a directory, B the +module (sometimes unnecessary), B the module =back +=item HEY +=item AUTHOR +=item COPYRIGHT -=head2 perlguts - Perl's Internal Functions +=back -=item DESCRIPTION +=head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation +=over -=item Datatypes +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION =over -=item What is an "IV"? +=item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes +$$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept +filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to +files, directories and network sockets -=item Working with SV's +=item Resource limits +=item Killing the parent process -=item What's Really Stored in an SV? +=item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes +=item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS -=item Working with AV's +BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented, +Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger +application, Thread-safety of extensions +=back -=item Working with HV's +=item BUGS +=item AUTHOR -=item References +=item SEE ALSO +=back -=item Blessed References and Class Objects +=head2 perlform - Perl formats + +=over +=item DESCRIPTION +=over +=item Format Variables =back -=item Creating New Variables +=item NOTES + +=over + +=item Footers +=item Accessing Formatting Internals -=item XSUB's and the Argument Stack +=back +=item WARNINGS -=item Mortality +=back +=head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and +localization) -=item Stashes +=over +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Magic +=item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES +=item USING LOCALES =over -=item Assigning Magic +=item The use locale pragma +=item The setlocale function -=item Magic Virtual Tables +=item Finding locales +=item LOCALE PROBLEMS -=item Finding Magic +=item Temporarily fixing locale problems +=item Permanently fixing locale problems +=item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration +=item Fixing system locale configuration -=back +=item The localeconv function -=item Double-Typed SV's +=back +=item LOCALE CATEGORIES -=item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs +=over +=item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation -=item Memory Allocation +=item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types +=item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting -=item API LISTING +=item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts +=item LC_TIME -AvFILL, av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, av_len, av_make, av_pop, -av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, CLASS, Copy, croak, -CvSTASH, DBsingle, DBsub, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, ENTER, -EXTEND, FREETMPS, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, GIMME, G_NOARGS, -G_SCALAR, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, GvSV, he_free, hv_clear, hv_delete, -hv_exists, hv_fetch, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iternext, -hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, HvNAME, hv_store, hv_undef, -isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, items, LEAVE, -MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_len, mg_magical, -mg_set, Move, na, New, Newc, Newz, newAV, newHV, newRV, newSV, newSViv, -newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVrv, newSVsv, newXS, newXSproto, Nullav, Nullch, -Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_call_argv, -perl_call_method, perl_call_pv, perl_call_sv, perl_construct, -perl_destruct, perl_eval_sv, perl_free, perl_get_av, perl_get_cv, -perl_get_hv, perl_get_sv, perl_parse, perl_require_pv, perl_run, POPi, -POPl, POPp, POPn, POPs, +=item Other categories -=item AUTHOR +=back +=item SECURITY -=item DATE +B (C, C, C, C and C):, +B (with C<\l>, C<\L>, C<\u> or C<\U>), +B (C):, B (C):, +B (printf() and write()):, B (lc(), lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, B (localeconv(), strcoll(), strftime(), strxfrm()):, B (isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(), isgraph(), +islower(), isprint(), ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(), isxdigit()): +=item ENVIRONMENT +PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, +LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG +=item NOTES +=over -=head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C +=item Backward compatibility -=item DESCRIPTION +=item I18N:Collate obsolete +=item Sort speed and memory use impacts -An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program +=item write() and LC_NUMERIC -=item THE PERL_CALL FUNCTIONS +=item Freely available locale definitions +=item I18n and l10n -B, B, B, -B +=item An imperfect standard -=item FLAG VALUES +=back +=item BUGS =over -=item G_SCALAR +=item Broken systems +=back -=item G_ARRAY +=item SEE ALSO +=item HISTORY -=item G_DISCARD +=back +=head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures -=item G_NOARGS +=over +=item NOTE -=item G_EVAL +=item DESCRIPTION +=over -=item G_KEEPERR +=item Making References +=item Using References -=item Determining the Context +=item Symbolic references +=item Not-so-symbolic references +=item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash +=item Function Templates =back -=item KNOWN PROBLEMS +=item WARNING +=item SEE ALSO -=item EXAMPLES +=back +=head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references =over -=item No Parameters, Nothing returned +=item DESCRIPTION +=item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures? -=item Passing Parameters +=item The Solution +=item Syntax -=item Returning a Scalar +=over +=item Making References -=item Returning a list of values +=item Using References +=back -=item Returning a list in a scalar context +=item An Example +=item Arrow Rule -=item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list +=item Solution +=item The Rest -=item Using G_EVAL +=item Summary +=item Credits -=item Using G_KEEPERR +=over +=item Distribution Conditions -=item Using perl_call_sv +=back +=back -=item Using perl_call_argv +=head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook +=over -=item Using perl_call_method +=item DESCRIPTION +arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes, +more elaborate constructs -=item Using GIMME +=item REFERENCES +=item COMMON MISTAKES -=item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries +=item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE +=item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C -=item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information +=item DEBUGGING +=item CODE EXAMPLES -1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of -callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl -callback +=item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS -=item Alternate Stack Manipulation +=over +=item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS +=item Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS +=item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS =back -=item SEE ALSO - - -=item AUTHOR - - -=item DATE - +=item HASHES OF ARRAYS +=over +=item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS +=item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS -=head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program +=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS -=item DESCRIPTION +=back +=item ARRAYS OF HASHES =over -=item PREAMBLE - +=item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES -B, B, B, B, B - -=item ROADMAP +=item Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES +=item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES -=item Compiling your C program +=back +=item HASHES OF HASHES -=item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program +=over +=item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES -=item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program +=item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES +=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES -=item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program +=back +=item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS -=item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C -program +=over +=item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS +=item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS +=item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS =back -=item MORAL +=item Database Ties +=item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR +=back +=head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl - - -=head2 perlpod - plain old documentation +=over =item DESCRIPTION +=item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays -=item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules +=item Growing Your Own +=item Access and Printing -=item SEE ALSO +=item Slices +=item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR +=back +=head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial +=over +=item DESCRIPTION -=head2 perlbook - Perl book information +=over -=item DESCRIPTION +=item If we could talk to the animals... +=item Introducing the method invocation arrow +=item Invoking a barnyard +=item The extra parameter of method invocation +=item Calling a second method to simplify things -=head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION +=item Inheriting the windpipes +=item A few notes about @ISA +=item Overriding the methods +=item Starting the search from a different place -=head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning -diagnostics +=item The SUPER way of doing things -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Where we're at so far... +=item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Invoking an instance method +=item Accessing the instance data -=over +=item How to build a horse -=item The C Pragma +=item Inheriting the constructor +=item Making a method work with either classes or instances -=item The I Program +=item Adding parameters to a method +=item More interesting instances +=item A horse of a different color +=item Summary =back -=item EXAMPLES +=item SEE ALSO +=item COPYRIGHT -=item INTERNALS +=back +=head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl -=item BUGS +=over +=item DESCRIPTION -=item AUTHOR +=item Creating a Class +=over +=item Object Representation +=item Class Interface +=item Constructors and Instance Methods -=head2 integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead -of double +=item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Destructors +=item Other Object Methods -=item DESCRIPTION +=back +=item Class Data +=over +=item Accessing Class Data +=item Debugging Methods -=head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the -compiler +=item Class Destructors -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Documenting the Interface +=back -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Aggregation +=item Inheritance +=over +=item Overridden Methods +=item Multiple Inheritance -=head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time +=item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects -=item SYNOPSIS +=back +=item Alternate Object Representations -=item DESCRIPTION +=over + +=item Arrays as Objects + +=item Closures as Objects + +=back +=item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods =over -=item ADDING DIRECTORIES TO @INC +=item Autoloaded Data Methods +=item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods -=item DELETING DIRECTORIES FROM @INC +=back + +=item Metaclassical Tools +=over -=item RESTORING ORIGINAL @INC +=item Class::Struct +=item Data Members as Variables +=item NOTES +=item Object Terminology =back =item SEE ALSO +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=item AUTHOR +=item COPYRIGHT +=over +=item Acknowledgments +=back +=back -=head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations - -=item SYNOPSIS - - -=item CAVEAT SCRIPTOR +=head2 perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl +=over =item DESCRIPTION +=item Class Data as Package Variables =over -=item Declaration of overloaded functions - - -=item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations - - -FALSE, TRUE, C - -=item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations - +=item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket -=item Overloadable Operations +=item Inheritance Concerns +=item The Eponymous Meta-Object -I, I, I, -I, I, I, I +=item Indirect References to Class Data +=item Monadic Classes +=item Translucent Attributes =back -=item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C - +=item Class Data as Lexical Variables =over -=item Last Resort +=item Privacy and Responsibility +=item File-Scoped Lexicals -=item Fallback +=item More Inheritance Concerns +=item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key -C, TRUE, defined, but FALSE - -=item Copy Constructor - +=item Translucency Revisited -B +=back +=item NOTES +=item SEE ALSO -=back +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION +=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS +=item HISTORY -I, I, -I, C, I, -I, I, I +=back -=item WARNING +=head2 perlobj - Perl objects +=over -=item Run-time Overloading +=item DESCRIPTION +=over -=item Public functions +=item An Object is Simply a Reference +=item A Class is Simply a Package -overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), -C +=item A Method is Simply a Subroutine -=item IMPLEMENTATION +=item Method Invocation +=item WARNING -=item AUTHOR +=item Default UNIVERSAL methods +isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ) -=item DIAGNOSTICS +=item Destructors +=item Summary -=item BUGS +=item Two-Phased Garbage Collection +=back +=item SEE ALSO +=back +=head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable -=head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable stack back-trace on unexpected -signals +=over =item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION +=over +=item Tying Scalars +TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this +=item Tying Arrays -=head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs +TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value, +DESTROY this -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Tying Hashes +USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE +this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY +this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Tying FileHandles +TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, +LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, DESTROY this -C, C, C +=item The C Gotcha +=back +=item SEE ALSO +=item BUGS -=head2 subs - Perl pragma to pre-declare sub names +=item AUTHOR -=item SYNOPSIS +=back +=head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT) -=item DESCRIPTION +=over +=item DESCRIPTION +=item OO SCALING TIPS +=item INSTANCE VARIABLES +=item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE -=head2 vars - Perl pragma to pre-declare global variable names +=item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS -=item SYNOPSIS +=item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS +=item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM -=item DESCRIPTION +=item THINKING OF CODE REUSE +=item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT +=item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR +=item DELEGATION +=back -=head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION +=head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, +safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores) +=over +=item DESCRIPTION +=item Signals -=head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs +=item Named Pipes -=item SYNOPSIS +=over +=item WARNING -=item DESCRIPTION +=back +=item Using open() for IPC =over -=item DBM Comparisons +=item Filehandles +=item Background Processes -[0], [1], [2], [3] +=item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent +=item Safe Pipe Opens + +=item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process +=item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself =back -=item SEE ALSO +=item Sockets: Client/Server Communication +=over + +=item Internet Line Terminators +=item Internet TCP Clients and Servers +=item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers +=back -=head2 AutoLoader - load functions only on demand +=item TCP Clients with IO::Socket -=item SYNOPSIS +=over +=item A Simple Client -=item DESCRIPTION +C, C, C +=item A Webget Client +=item Interactive Client with IO::Socket +=back +=item TCP Servers with IO::Socket -=head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading +Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse -=item SYNOPSIS +=item UDP: Message Passing +=item SysV IPC -=item DESCRIPTION +=item NOTES + +=item BUGS +=item AUTHOR +=item SEE ALSO +=back +=head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters -=head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of code +=over =item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION +B, B, B, +B =over -=item Methods - +=item The Filter -new, debug - -=item Standard Exports +=item An Example -- the NULL termination problem. +=item Another Example -- Key is a C int. -C, timethis, timethese, timediff, timestr +=back -=item Optional Exports +=item SEE ALSO +=item AUTHOR +=back +=head2 perldebug - Perl debugging -=back +=over -=item NOTES +=item DESCRIPTION +=item The Perl Debugger -=item INHERITANCE +=over +=item Debugger Commands -=item CAVEATS +h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n +[expr], r, , c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, +-, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr, +b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname +[condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line] +command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O +option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >> +command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! +cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man [manpage] +=item Configurable Options -=item AUTHORS +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C +=item Debugger input/output -=item MODIFICATION HISTORY +Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame +listing +=item Debugging compile-time statements +=item Debugger Customization +=item Readline Support +=item Editor Support for Debugging -=head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller) +=item The Perl Profiler -=item SYNOPSIS +=back +=item Debugging regular expressions -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Debugging memory usage +=item SEE ALSO +=item BUGS +=back +=head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl -=head2 Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory +=over =item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION +=item Storing numbers +=item Numeric operators and numeric conversions +=item Flavors of Perl numeric operations +Arithmetic operators except, C, Arithmetic operators except, +C, Bitwise operators, C, Bitwise operators, C, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a +string -=head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB - -=item SYNOPSIS - +=item AUTHOR -=item DESCRIPTION +=item SEE ALSO +=back -DB_HASH, DB_BTREE, DB_RECNO +=head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging =over -=item How does DB_File interface to Berkeley DB? - +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Differences with Berkeley DB +=item Debugger Internals +=over -=item RECNO +=item Writing Your Own Debugger +=back -=item In Memory Databases +=item Frame Listing Output Examples +=item Debugging regular expressions -=item Using the Berkeley DB Interface Directly +=over +=item Compile-time output -get, put, del, fd, seq, sync +C I C I, C I C +I, C, C, C +I, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C +=item Types of nodes +=item Run-time output =back -=item EXAMPLES - +=item Debugging Perl memory usage =over -=item Using HASH +=item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}> +C, Free/Used, C, C, C, C, C -=item Using BTREE +=item Example of using B<-DL> switch +C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704> -=item Using RECNO +=item B<-DL> details +C, C, C -=item Locking Databases - +=item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics +=back +=item SEE ALSO =back -=item HISTORY +=head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics +=over -=item WARNINGS +=item DESCRIPTION +=back -=item BUGS +=head2 perlsec - Perl security +=over -=item AVAILABILITY +=item DESCRIPTION +=over -=item SEE ALSO +=item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data +=item Switches On the "#!" Line -=item AUTHOR +=item Cleaning Up Your Path +=item Security Bugs +=item Protecting Your Programs +=back +=item SEE ALSO -=head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module +=back -=item SYNOPSIS +=head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary +=over =item DESCRIPTION +=over +=item Awk Traps +=item C Traps +=item Sed Traps -=head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles +=item Shell Traps -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Perl Traps +=item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps -=item DESCRIPTION +Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical +Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts, +Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc, +Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps +=item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps +Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, +Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, +Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance +=item Parsing Traps +Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing -=head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code +=item Numerical Traps -=item SYNOPSIS +Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops +=item General data type traps -=item DESCRIPTION +(Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String), +(Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide) +=item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts -@dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, dl_error(), -$dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(), dl_load_file(), -dl_find_symbol(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(), bootstrap() +(list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin) -=item AUTHOR +=item Precedence Traps +Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, +Precedence +=item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc. +Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular +Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, +Regular Expression +=item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps -=head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation -variables +(Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle -=item SYNOPSIS +=item OS Traps +(SysV), (SysV) -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Interpolation Traps +Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, +Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation +=item DBM Traps +DBM, DBM +=item Unclassified Traps -=head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables +C/C trap using returned value, C on empty string with +LIMIT specified -=item SYNOPSIS +=back + +=back +=head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl + +=over =item DESCRIPTION +Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I +portable -=item AUTHOR +=item ISSUES +=over +=item Newlines +=item Numbers endianness and Width +=item Files and Filesystems -=head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules +=item System Interaction -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Interprocess Communication (IPC) +=item External Subroutines (XS) -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Standard Modules +=item Time and Date -=over +=item Character sets and character encoding -=item Selecting What To Export +=item Internationalisation +=item System Resources -=item Specialised Import Lists +=item Security +=item Style -=item Module Version Checking +=back +=item CPAN Testers -=item Managing Unknown Symbols +Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results: +http://testers.cpan.org/ +=item PLATFORMS -=item Tag Handling Utility Functions +=over +=item Unix +=item DOS and Derivatives +Build instructions for OS/2, L -=back +=item S +=item VMS +=item VOS +=item EBCDIC Platforms -=head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there +=item Acorn RISC OS -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Other perls +=back -=item DESCRIPTION +=item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS +=over +=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions +-I FILEHANDLE, -I EXPR, -I, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode +FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt +PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec +LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, +getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, +getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr +ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, +getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, +setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, +setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, +endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, +ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, +lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, +msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, +open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, +select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget +KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP, +setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt +SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, +shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, socketpair +SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, +symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen +FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate +FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST, +wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS +=back -=head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use -them - -=item SYNOPSIS +=item CHANGES +v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999, +v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May +1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December +1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August +1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, +v1.23, 10 July 1998 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Supported Platforms +=item SEE ALSO -For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions +=item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS -=over +=item VERSION -=item EXTRALIBS +=back +=head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide -=item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH +=over +=item DESCRIPTION -=item BSLOADLIBS +=back +=head2 perlpod - plain old documentation +=over +=item DESCRIPTION -=back +=over -=item PORTABILITY +=item Verbatim Paragraph +=item Command Paragraph -=item SEE ALSO +=item Ordinary Block of Text +=item The Intent +=item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules +=item Common Pod Pitfalls +=back -=head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in -ExtUtils::MakeMaker +=item SEE ALSO -=item DESCRIPTION +=item AUTHOR +=back +=head2 perlbook - Perl book information +=over +=item DESCRIPTION -=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker +=back -=item SYNOPSIS +=head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program +=over =item DESCRIPTION +=over -=item METHODS +=item PREAMBLE +B, B, B, B, B -=over +=item ROADMAP -=item Preloaded methods +=item Compiling your C program +=item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program -catdir, catfile, nicetext, libscan, exescan, lsdir, path, -replace_manpage_separator, file_name_is_absolute, prefixify, -maybe_command_in_dirs, maybe_command, perl_script +=item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program -=item SelfLoaded methods +=item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program +=item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program -guess_name, init_main, init_dirscan, init_others, find_perl +=item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program -=item Methods to produce chunks of text for the Makefile +=item Maintaining a persistent interpreter +=item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances -post_initialize, const_config, constants, const_loadlibs, const_cccmd, -tool_autosplit, tool_xsubpp, tools_other, dist, macro, depend, -post_constants, pasthru, c_o, xs_c, xs_o, top_targets, linkext, dlsyms, -dynamic, dynamic_bs, dynamic_lib, static, static_lib, installpm, -installpm_x, manifypods, processPL, installbin, subdirs, subdir_x, -clean, realclean, dist_basics, dist_core, dist_dir, dist_test, dist_ci, -install, force, perldepend, makefile, staticmake, test, -test_via_harness, test_via_script, postamble, makeaperl, extliblist, -dir_target, needs_linking, has_link_code, writedoc +=item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C +program +=back +=item Embedding Perl under Win32 -=back +=item MORAL -=item SEE ALSO +=item AUTHOR +=item COPYRIGHT +=back +=head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface. +=over -=head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in -ExtUtils::MakeMaker +=item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION +B, B, B, B, +B, B, +B, B, +B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B +=over +=item Co-existence with stdio +B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B -=head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile +=back -=item SYNOPSIS +=back +=head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual -=item DESCRIPTION +=over +=item DESCRIPTION =over -=item Hintsfile support +=item Introduction +=item On The Road -=item What's new in version 5 of MakeMaker +=item The Anatomy of an XSUB +=item The Argument Stack -=item Incompatibilities between MakeMaker 5.00 and 4.23 +=item The RETVAL Variable +=item The MODULE Keyword -=item Default Makefile Behaviour +=item The PACKAGE Keyword +=item The PREFIX Keyword -=item make test +=item The OUTPUT: Keyword +=item The CODE: Keyword -=item make install +=item The INIT: Keyword +=item The NO_INIT Keyword -=item PREFIX attribute +=item Initializing Function Parameters +=item Default Parameter Values -=item AFS users +=item The PREINIT: Keyword +=item The SCOPE: Keyword -=item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary +=item The INPUT: Keyword +=item Variable-length Parameter Lists -=item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations +=item The C_ARGS: Keyword +=item The PPCODE: Keyword -=item Useful Default Makefile Macros +=item Returning Undef And Empty Lists +=item The REQUIRE: Keyword -=item Using Attributes and Parameters +=item The CLEANUP: Keyword +=item The BOOT: Keyword -C, CONFIG, CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, -EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, H, INC, INSTALLARCHLIB, -INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, -INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSITELIB, INSTALLSITEARCH, INST_ARCHLIB, -INST_EXE, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, INST_MAN3DIR, LDFROM, LIBPERL_A, -LIBS, LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, -MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, OBJECT, PERL, -PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_SRC, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, -PREFIX, PREREQ, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, -XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION +=item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword -=item Additional lowercase attributes +=item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword +=item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword -clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, installpm, linkext, macro, realclean, -tool_autosplit +=item The ALIAS: Keyword -=item Overriding MakeMaker Methods +=item The INTERFACE: Keyword +=item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword -=item Distribution Support +=item The INCLUDE: Keyword +=item The CASE: Keyword - make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make - manifest, make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make - uutardist, make shdist, make ci +=item The & Unary Operator +=item Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives +=item Using XS With C++ -=back +=item Interface Strategy -=item AUTHORS +=item Perl Objects And C Structures +=item The Typemap -=item MODIFICATION HISTORY +=back +=item EXAMPLES -=item TODO +=item XS VERSION +=item AUTHOR +=back +=head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs +=over -=head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST -file +=item DESCRIPTION -=item SYNOPSIS +=item SPECIAL NOTES +=over -=item DESCRIPTION +=item make +=item Version caveat -=item MANIFEST.SKIP +=item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading +=back -=item EXPORT_OK +=item TUTORIAL +=over -=item GLOBAL VARIABLES +=item EXAMPLE 1 +=item EXAMPLE 2 -=item DIAGNOSTICS +=item What has gone on? +=item Writing good test scripts -C I, C I, C -I<$!>, C I +=item EXAMPLE 3 -=item SEE ALSO +=item What's new here? +=item Input and Output Parameters -=item AUTHOR +=item The XSUBPP Program +=item The TYPEMAP file +=item Warning about Output Arguments +=item EXAMPLE 4 +=item What has happened here? -=head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by -DynaLoader +=item Anatomy of .xs file -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Getting the fat out of XSUBs +=item More about XSUB arguments -=item DESCRIPTION +=item The Argument Stack +=item Extending your Extension +=item Documenting your Extension +=item Installing your Extension +=item EXAMPLE 5 -=head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic -extension +=item New Things in this Example -=item SYNOPSIS +=item EXAMPLE 6 +=item New Things in this Example -=item DESCRIPTION +=item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon) +=item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon) -NAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, DLBASE +=item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon) -=item AUTHOR +=item Troubleshooting these Examples +=back -=item REVISION +=item See also +=item Author +=over +=item Last Changed +=back -=head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines +=back -=item SYNOPSIS +=head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API +=over =item DESCRIPTION +=item Variables -=item NOTE +=over +=item Datatypes +=item What is an "IV"? +=item Working with SVs +=item What's Really Stored in an SV? -=head2 File::Basename, Basename - parse file specifications +=item Working with AVs -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Working with HVs +=item Hash API Extensions -=item DESCRIPTION +=item References +=item Blessed References and Class Objects -fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse +=item Creating New Variables -=item EXAMPLES +=item Reference Counts and Mortality +=item Stashes and Globs -C, C +=item Double-Typed SVs +=item Magic Variables +=item Assigning Magic +=item Magic Virtual Tables -=head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree +=item Finding Magic -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays +=item Localizing changes -=item DESCRIPTION +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C +=back +=item Subroutines +=over +=item XSUBs and the Argument Stack -=head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree +=item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Memory Allocation +=item PerlIO -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Putting a C value on Perl stack +=item Scratchpads +=item Scratchpads and recursion +=back +=item Compiled code -=head2 File::Path - create or remove a series of directories +=over -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Code tree +=item Examining the tree -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Compile pass 1: check routines +=item Compile pass 1a: constant folding -=item AUTHORS +=item Compile pass 2: context propagation +=item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization -=item REVISION +=back +=item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported +=over +=item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT +=item How do I use all this in extensions? -=head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits +=item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS -=item SYNOPSIS +=back +=item AUTHORS -=item DESCRIPTION +=item SEE ALSO +=back -=item BUGS +=head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C +=over +=item DESCRIPTION +An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program +=item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS -=head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles +call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv -=item SYNOPSIS +=item FLAG VALUES +=over -=item DESCRIPTION +=item G_VOID +=item G_SCALAR - $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines +=item G_ARRAY -=item SEE ALSO +=item G_DISCARD +=item G_NOARGS -=item BUGS +=item G_EVAL +=item G_KEEPERR +=item Determining the Context +=back +=item KNOWN PROBLEMS -=head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library. +=item EXAMPLES -=item SYNOPSIS +=over +=item No Parameters, Nothing returned -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Passing Parameters +=item Returning a Scalar -=item AVAILABILITY +=item Returning a list of values +=item Returning a list in a scalar context -=item BUGS +=item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list +=item Using G_EVAL -=item SEE ALSO +=item Using G_KEEPERR +=item Using call_sv +=item Using call_argv +=item Using call_method +=item Using GIMME_V -=head2 Getopt::Long, GetOptions - extended processing of command line -options +=item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information +1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of +callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl +callback -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Alternate Stack Manipulation +=item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C -, !, =s, :s, =i, :i, =f, :f +=back -=over +=item SEE ALSO -=item Linkage specification +=item AUTHOR +=item DATE -=item Aliases and abbreviations +=back +=head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator -=item Non-option call-back routine +=over +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Option starters +=over +=item Layout -=item Return value +B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref +=back +=item Using The Back Ends +=over -=back +=item The Cross Referencing Back End -=item COMPATIBILITY +i, &, s, r +=item The Decompiling Back End -=item EXAMPLES +=item The Lint Back End +=item The Simple C Back End -=item CONFIGURATION VARIABLES +=item The Bytecode Back End +=item The Optimized C Back End -$Getopt::Long::autoabbrev, $Getopt::Long::getopt_compat, -$Getopt::Long::order, $Getopt::Long::ignorecase, -$Getopt::Long::VERSION, $Getopt::Long::error, $Getopt::Long::debug +B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, +B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, +B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref +=back +=item KNOWN PROBLEMS +=item AUTHOR -=head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with -switch clustering +=back -=item SYNOPSIS +=head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API +=over =item DESCRIPTION +AvFILL, av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, +av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, call_argv, call_method, call_pv, +call_sv, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, +dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND, fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, +get_av, get_cv, get_hv, get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, +gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY, +G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, +HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, +hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, +hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, +hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, +isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, looks_like_number, +MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, +mg_set, Move, New, newAV, Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, +NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVrv, newSVsv, +newSVuv, newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, +ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, +perl_run, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_modglobal, +PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, POPs, +PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, +require_pv, RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, +strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy, +SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_off, +SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvLOCK, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, +SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, +SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPV, SvPVX, +SvPV_force, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, +SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, +SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, svtype, +SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUNLOCK, +SvUPGRADE, SvUV, SvUVX, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, +sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_mg, +sv_chop, sv_cmp, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_grow, sv_inc, +sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_len, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, +sv_newmortal, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, +sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn, +sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, +sv_setref_pvn, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_unref, +sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, +toLOWER, toUPPER, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, +XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, +XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, +XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero + +=item AUTHORS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back +=head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B + Perl functions +=over +=item DESCRIPTION -=head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the -current locale +is_gv_magical -=item SYNOPSIS +=item AUTHORS +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlhist - the Perl history records + +=over =item DESCRIPTION +=item INTRODUCTION +=item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN +=over +=item PUMPKIN? -=head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing +=back -=item SYNOPSIS +=item THE RECORDS +=over -=item DESCRIPTION +=item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES +=item SELECTED PATCH SIZES -=item WARNING +=back +=item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS -=item SEE ALSO +=back +=head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION + +=head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated) + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION +method, locked +=back +=head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour -=head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and -error handling +=over =item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION +=over +=item Built-in Attributes +locked, method, lvalue +=item Available Subroutines -=head2 Net::Ping, pingecho - check a host for upness +get, reftype -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Package-specific Attribute Handling +FETCH_I_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I_ATTRIBUTES -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Syntax of Attribute Lists + +=back +=item EXPORTS =over -=item Parameters +=item Default exports +=item Available exports -hostname, timeout +=item Export tags defined +=back + +=item EXAMPLES +=item SEE ALSO =back +=head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + =item WARNING +=item AUTHOR +=item SEE ALSO +=back +=head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time -=head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1 +=over =item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item HISTORY + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION +=item BUGS -=item NOTE +=item AUTHOR +=back -=item CAVEATS +=head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character +semantics +=over -=item FUNCTIONS +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION -_exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, -atan2, atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, -chown, clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, -ctime, cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, -execv, execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, -ferror, fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, -fork, fpathconf, fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, -fscanf, fseek, fsetpos, fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, -getegid, getenv, geteuid, getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, -getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid, getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, -gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, -isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper, isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, -link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10, longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, -mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memmove, memset, mkdir, -mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open, opendir, pat +=item SEE ALSO -=item CLASSES +=back +=head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal +escape. =over -=item POSIX::SigAction +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION -new +=item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS -=item POSIX::SigSet +=item BUGS +=back -new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember +=head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants -=item POSIX::Termios +=over +=item SYNOPSIS -new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag, -getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag, -setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc -field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field -values, c_oflag field values +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item NOTES + +=item TECHNICAL NOTE +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR +=item COPYRIGHT =back -=item PATHNAME CONSTANTS +=head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning +diagnostics +=over -Constants +=item SYNOPSIS -=item POSIX CONSTANTS +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over +=item The C Pragma -Constants +=item The I Program -=item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION +=back +=item EXAMPLES -Constants +=item INTERNALS -=item ERRNO +=item BUGS +=item AUTHOR -Constants +=back -=item FCNTL +=head2 fields - compile-time class fields +=over -Constants +=item SYNOPSIS -=item FLOAT +=item DESCRIPTION +new, phash -Constants +=item SEE ALSO -=item LIMITS +=back +=head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators -Constants +=over -=item LOCALE +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION -Constants +=over -=item MATH +=item subpragma access +=back -Constants +=back -=item SIGNAL +=head2 integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of +double +=over -Constants +=item SYNOPSIS -=item STAT +=item DESCRIPTION +=back -Constants, Macros +=head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler -=item STDLIB +=over +=item SYNOPSIS -Constants +=item DESCRIPTION -=item STDIO +=back +=head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time -Constants +=over -=item TIME +=item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION -Constants +=over -=item UNISTD +=item Adding directories to @INC +=item Deleting directories from @INC -Constants +=item Restoring original @INC -=item WAIT +=back +=item SEE ALSO -Constants, Macros +=item AUTHOR -=item CREATION +=back + +=head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in +operations + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION +=item UNIMPLEMENTED FUNCTIONALITY +=item SEE ALSO +=back +=head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations -=head2 Pod::Text - convert POD data to formatted ASCII text +=over =item SYNOPSIS +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Declaration of overloaded functions + +=item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations + +FALSE, TRUE, C + +=item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations + +=item Calling Conventions for Mutators + +C<++> and C<-->, C and other assignment versions + +=item Overloadable Operations + +I, I, I, +I, I, I, I, I, I + +=item Inheritance and overloading + +Strings as values of C directive, Overloading of an operation +is inherited by derived classes + +=back + +=item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C + +=over + +=item Last Resort + +=item Fallback + +C, TRUE, defined, but FALSE + +=item Copy Constructor + +B + +=back + +=item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION + +I, I, +I, C, I, I, +I, I, I, I, +I + +=item Losing overloading + +=item Run-time Overloading + +=item Public functions + +overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op) + +=item Overloading constants + +integer, float, binary, q, qr + +=item IMPLEMENTATION + +=item Metaphor clash + +=item Cookbook + +=over + +=item Two-face scalars + +=item Two-face references + +=item Symbolic calculator + +=item I symbolic calculator + +=back + +=item AUTHOR + +=item DIAGNOSTICS + +=item BUGS + +=back + +=head2 pwent - Perl pragma to control the pwent functions + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item subpragma shadow_password + +=back + +=back + +=head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item OPTIONS + +=over + +=item SIGNAL HANDLERS + +B, B, B I + +=item SIGNAL LISTS + +B, B, B + +=item OTHER + +B, B, I, I + +=back + +=item EXAMPLES + +=back + +=head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +C, C, C + +=back + +=head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 in source code + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete) + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +use warnings::register, warnings::enabled([$category]), +warnings::warn([$category,] $message) + +=back + +=head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION + +=head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item DBM Comparisons + +[0], [1], [2], [3] + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Subroutine Stubs + +=item Using B's AUTOLOAD Subroutine + +=item Overriding B's AUTOLOAD Subroutine + +=item Package Lexicals + +=item B vs. B + +=back + +=item CAVEATS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +$keep, $check, $modtime + +=over + +=item Multiple packages + +=back + +=item DIAGNOSTICS + +=back + +=head2 B - The Perl Compiler + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES + +=over + +=item SV-RELATED CLASSES + +=item B::SV METHODS + +REFCNT, FLAGS + +=item B::IV METHODS + +IV, IVX, needs64bits, packiv + +=item B::NV METHODS + +NV, NVX + +=item B::RV METHODS + +RV + +=item B::PV METHODS + +PV + +=item B::PVMG METHODS + +MAGIC, SvSTASH + +=item B::MAGIC METHODS + +MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR + +=item B::PVLV METHODS + +TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG + +=item B::BM METHODS + +USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE + +=item B::GV METHODS + +is_empty, NAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN, LINE, FILE, +FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS + +=item B::IO METHODS + +LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV, +BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS + +=item B::AV METHODS + +FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS + +=item B::CV METHODS + +STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY, +CvFLAGS + +=item B::HV METHODS + +FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY + +=item OP-RELATED CLASSES + +=item B::OP METHODS + +next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private + +=item B::UNOP METHOD + +first + +=item B::BINOP METHOD + +last + +=item B::LOGOP METHOD + +other + +=item B::LISTOP METHOD + +children + +=item B::PMOP METHODS + +pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp + +=item B::SVOP METHOD + +sv, gv + +=item B::PADOP METHOD + +padix + +=item B::PVOP METHOD + +pv + +=item B::LOOP METHODS + +redoop, nextop, lastop + +=item B::COP METHODS + +label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line + +=back + +=item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C + +main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes, +sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG), +walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM), +hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate +bytecode + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHORS + +=back + +=head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item OPTIONS + +B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>, +B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, +B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-Ppackage> Stores package in the +output. =back + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHORS + +=back + +=head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item OPTIONS + +B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>, +B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>, B<-llimit> + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item OPTIONS + +B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>, +B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>, +B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On> + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item BUGS + +=item DIFFERENCES + +=over + +=item Loops + +=item Context of ".." + +=item Arithmetic + +=item Deprecated features + +=back + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item OPTIONS + +B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-u>I, B<-s>I, B, BI, +B, BIB<.> + +=item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE + +=over + +=item Synopsis + +=item Description + +=item new + +=item coderef2text + +=back + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 B::Lint - Perl lint + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS + +B, B and B, B, +B, B, B, B, B + +=item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS + +B<-u Package> + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item CONVENTIONS + +=item IMPLEMENTATION + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item OPTIONS + +C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]> + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Methods + +new, debug, iters + +=item Standard Exports + +timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ), +timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr ( +TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] ) + +=item Optional Exports + +clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [ +STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache ( +), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 ) + +=back + +=item NOTES + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item INHERITANCE + +=item CAVEATS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHORS + +=item MODIFICATION HISTORY + +=back + +=head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item OPTIONS + +B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>, +B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, +B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-Ppackage> Stores package in the +output. =back + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHORS + +=back + +=head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item ABSTRACT + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item PROGRAMMING STYLE + +=item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES + +1. Use another name for the argument, if one is available. For example, +-value is an alias for -values, 2. Change the capitalization, e.g. -Values, +3. Put quotes around the argument name, e.g. '-values' + +=item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE): + +=item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE + +=item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY: + +=item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT: + +=item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER: + +=item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER: + +=item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER: + +=item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE: + +=item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY: + +=item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS: + +=item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST: + +=item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH: + +=item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE: + +=item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS + +=item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE + +B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>, +B<:standard>, B<:all> + +=item PRAGMAS + +-any, -compile, -nosticky, -nph, -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, +-no_debug, -debug, -private_tempfiles + +=item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS + +1. start_table() (generates a tag), 2. end_table() (generates a +
tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a
    tag), 4. end_ul() (generates +a
tag) + +=back + +=item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS + +=over + +=item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER: + +=item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER + +=item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER + +B, 4, 5, 6.. + +=item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT: + +=item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION: + +=item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL + +B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query> +(B<-query_string>) + +=item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS + +=back + +=item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS: + +=over + +=item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS + +=item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS + +=item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION + +=item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS + +=item AUTOESCAPING HTML + +$escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset = +charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]); + +=item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML + +=back + +=item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS: + +=over + +=item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG + +=item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM + +B, B + +=item CREATING A TEXT FIELD + +B + +=item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD + +=item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD + +=item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD + +B + +=item CREATING A POPUP MENU + +=item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST + +B + +=item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES + +B + +=item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX + +B + +=item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP + +B + +=item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON + +B + +=item CREATING A RESET BUTTON + +=item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON + +=item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD + +B + +=item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON + +B, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment +type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE + +=item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON + +=back + +=item HTTP COOKIES + +1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag, +B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure> + +=item WORKING WITH FRAMES + +1. Create a document, 2. Specify the destination for the +document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in +the
tag + +=item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS + +=item DEBUGGING + +=over + +=item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS + +=back + +=item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES + +B, B, B, B, +B, B, B Return the script +name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, B, B, B, B, B, +B, B, B, B, +B, B + +=item USING NPH SCRIPTS + +In the B statement, By calling the B method:, By using B<-nph> +parameters in the B and B statements: + +=item Server Push + +multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end() + +=item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks + +B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script +basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts> + +=item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL + +=item AUTHOR INFORMATION + +=item CREDITS + +Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor +(james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish , Mike Jewell +(mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg +(jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick +(applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis +(tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen +(tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim +MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks +(kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed +Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug +MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org), +...and many many more.. + +=item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT + +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item ABSTRACT + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHOR INFORMATION + +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 CGI::Carp, B - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or +other) error log + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES + +=item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW + +=over + +=item Changing the default message + +=back + +=item CHANGE LOG + +=item AUTHORS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item USING CGI::Cookie + +B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag> + +=over + +=item Creating New Cookies + +=item Sending the Cookie to the Browser + +=item Recovering Previous Cookies + +=item Manipulating Cookies + +B, B, B, B, B + +=back + +=item AUTHOR INFORMATION + +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE + +=item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS + +=item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS + +=item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS + +=item CAVEATS + +=item AUTHOR INFORMATION + +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Tags that won't be formatted + +=item Customizing the Indenting + +=back + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item USING CGI::Push + +-next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires + +=over + +=item Heterogeneous Pages + +=item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly + +=back + +=item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS + +=item AUTHOR INFORMATION + +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item ABSTRACT + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHOR INFORMATION + +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Interactive Mode + +Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test, +install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or +distribution, Signals + +=item CPAN::Shell + +=item autobundle + +=item recompile + +=item The four C Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution + +=item ProgrammerE<39>s interface + +expand($type,@things), Programming Examples + +=item Methods in the four Classes + +=item Cache Manager + +=item Bundles + +=item Prerequisites + +=item Finding packages and VERSION + +=item Debugging + +=item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode + +=back + +=item CONFIGURATION + +Cscalar optionE>, Cscalar optionE +EvalueE>, Clist optionE>, Clist +optionE [shift|pop]>, Clist optionE +[unshift|push|splice] ElistE> + +=over + +=item Note on urllist parameter's format + +=item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support + +=back + +=item SECURITY + +=item EXPORT + +=item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES + +=item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS + +http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS +module + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller) + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Forcing a Stack Trace + +=back + +=item BUGS + +=back + +=head2 Carp::Heavy - Carp guts + +=over + +=item SYNOPIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item The C function + +=item Element Types and Accessor Methods + +Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or +C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>) + +=item Initializing with C + +=back + +=item EXAMPLES + +Example 1, Example 2, Example 3 + +=item Author and Modification History + +=back + +=head2 Config - access Perl configuration information + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names) + +=item EXAMPLE + +=item WARNING + +=item GLOSSARY + +=over + +=item _ + +C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o> + +=item a + +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C + +=item b + +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C + +=item c + +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C + +=item C + +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C + +=item d + +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C + +=item e + +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C + +=item f + +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C + +=item g + +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C + +=item h + +C, C, C, C, C + +=item i + +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C + +=item k + +C, C + +=item l + +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C + +=item m + +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C + +=item M + +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C + +=item n + +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C + +=item o + +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C + +=item p + +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C + +=item P + +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C + +=item q + +C, C + +=item r + +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C + +=item s + +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C + +=item t + +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C + +=item u + +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C + +=item v + +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C + +=item x + +C, C + +=item z + +C, C + +=back + +=item NOTE + +=back + +=head2 Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft, +subject to +change) + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Global Variables + + $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args, +@DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname, +$DB::lineno + +=item API Methods + +CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'), +CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done() + +=item Client Callback Methods + +CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(), +CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(), +CLIENT->output(LIST) + +=back + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +B, B, B + +=over + +=item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or 3 + +=item Interface to Berkeley DB + +=item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File + +=item Default Parameters + +=item In Memory Databases + +=back + +=item DB_HASH + +=over + +=item A Simple Example + +=back + +=item DB_BTREE + +=over + +=item Changing the BTREE sort order + +=item Handling Duplicate Keys + +=item The get_dup() Method + +=item The find_dup() Method + +=item The del_dup() Method + +=item Matching Partial Keys + +=back + +=item DB_RECNO + +=over + +=item The 'bval' Option + +=item A Simple Example + +=item Extra RECNO Methods + +B<$X-Epush(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-Epop ;>, B<$X-Eshift>, +B<$X-Eunshift(list) ;>, B<$X-Elength> + +=item Another Example + +=back + +=item THE API INTERFACE + +B<$status = $X-Eget($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = +$X-Eput($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-Edel($key [, +$flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-Efd ;>, B<$status = $X-Eseq($key, +$value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-Esync([$flags]) ;> + +=item DBM FILTERS + +B, B, B, +B + +=over + +=item The Filter + +=item An Example -- the NULL termination problem. + +=item Another Example -- Key is a C int. + +=back + +=item HINTS AND TIPS + +=over + +=item Locking: The Trouble with fd + +=item Safe ways to lock a database + +B, B, B + +=item Sharing Databases With C Applications + +=item The untie() Gotcha + +=back + +=item COMMON QUESTIONS + +=over + +=item Why is there Perl source in my database? + +=item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File? + +=item What does "Invalid Argument" mean? + +=item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean? + +=back + +=item REFERENCES + +=item HISTORY + +=item BUGS + +=item AVAILABILITY + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both +printing and C + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Methods + +I->new(I, I), I<$OBJ>->Dump I +I->Dump(I, I), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>), +I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>), +I<$OBJ>->Reset + +=item Functions + +Dumper(I) + +=item Configuration Variables or Methods + +$Data::Dumper::Indent I I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>), +$Data::Dumper::Purity I I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>), +$Data::Dumper::Pad I I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>), +$Data::Dumper::Varname I I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>), +$Data::Dumper::Useqq I I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>), +$Data::Dumper::Terse I I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>), +$Data::Dumper::Freezer I $I->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>), +$Data::Dumper::Toaster I $I->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>), +$Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I $I->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>), +$Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I $I->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>), +$Data::Dumper::Bless I $I->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>), +$Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I $I->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>) + +=item Exports + +Dumper + +=back + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=item VERSION + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item PROFILE FORMAT + +=item AUTOLOAD + +=item ENVIRONMENT + +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item EXAMPLES + +=over + +=item A simple scalar string + +=item A simple scalar number + +=item A simple scalar with an extra reference + +=item A reference to a simple scalar + +=item A reference to an array + +=item A reference to a hash + +=item Dumping a large array or hash + +=item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer + +=item A reference to a subroutine + +=back + +=item EXPORTS + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data. + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Creation + +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit, +stopDbSignal + +=item Methods + +dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump, +veryCompact, set, get + +=back + +=back + +=head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +@dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs, +@dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(), +dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(), +dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(), +bootstrap() + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into +Perl code + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation +variables + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item PERFORMANCE + +=back + +=head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or +arrays + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item LIMITATIONS + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item How to Export + +=item Selecting What To Export + +=item Specialised Import Lists + +=item Exporting without using Export's import method + +=item Module Version Checking + +=item Managing Unknown Symbols + +=item Tag Handling Utility Functions + +=back + +=back + +=head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts + +=over + +=item SYNOPIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in +Makefiles etc. + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +cat + +eqtime src dst + +rm_f files... + +rm_f files... + +touch files .. + +mv source... destination + +cp source... destination + +chmod mode files.. + +mkpath directory.. + +test_f file + +=over + +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item @EXPORT + +=item FUNCTIONS + +xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(), +ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules) + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item USAGE + +=item FUNCTIONS + +new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(), +packlist(), version() + +=item EXAMPLE + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions + +=over + +=item EXTRALIBS + +=item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH + +=item BSLOADLIBS + +=back + +=item PORTABILITY + +=over + +=item VMS implementation + +=item Win32 implementation + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in +ExtUtils::MakeMaker + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in +ExtUtils::MakeMaker + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item METHODS + +=over + +=item Preloaded methods + +canonpath + +=back + +=back + +catdir + +catfile + +curdir + +rootdir + +updir + +=over + +=item SelfLoaded methods + +c_o (o) + +=back + +cflags (o) + +clean (o) + +const_cccmd (o) + +const_config (o) + +const_loadlibs (o) + +constants (o) + +depend (o) + +dir_target (o) + +dist (o) + +dist_basics (o) + +dist_ci (o) + +dist_core (o) + +dist_dir (o) + +dist_test (o) + +dlsyms (o) + +dynamic (o) + +dynamic_bs (o) + +dynamic_lib (o) + +exescan + +extliblist + +file_name_is_absolute + +find_perl + +=over + +=item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile + +fixin + +=back + +force (o) + +guess_name + +has_link_code + +htmlifypods (o) + +init_dirscan + +init_main + +init_others + +install (o) + +installbin (o) + +libscan (o) + +linkext (o) + +lsdir + +macro (o) + +makeaperl (o) + +makefile (o) + +manifypods (o) + +maybe_command + +maybe_command_in_dirs + +needs_linking (o) + +nicetext + +parse_version + +parse_abstract + +pasthru (o) + +path + +perl_script + +perldepend (o) + +ppd + +perm_rw (o) + +perm_rwx (o) + +pm_to_blib + +post_constants (o) + +post_initialize (o) + +postamble (o) + +prefixify + +processPL (o) + +realclean (o) + +replace_manpage_separator + +static (o) + +static_lib (o) + +staticmake (o) + +subdir_x (o) + +subdirs (o) + +test (o) + +test_via_harness (o) + +test_via_script (o) + +tool_autosplit (o) + +tools_other (o) + +tool_xsubpp (o) + +top_targets (o) + +writedoc + +xs_c (o) + +xs_cpp (o) + +xs_o (o) + +perl_archive + +export_list + +=over + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in +ExtUtils::MakeMaker + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Methods always loaded + +wraplist + +=back + +=back + +rootdir (override) + +=over + +=item SelfLoaded methods + +guess_name (override) + +=back + +find_perl (override) + +path (override) + +maybe_command (override) + +maybe_command_in_dirs (override) + +perl_script (override) + +file_name_is_absolute (override) + +replace_manpage_separator + +init_others (override) + +constants (override) + +cflags (override) + +const_cccmd (override) + +pm_to_blib (override) + +tool_autosplit (override) + +tool_sxubpp (override) + +xsubpp_version (override) + +tools_other (override) + +dist (override) + +c_o (override) + +xs_c (override) + +xs_o (override) + +top_targets (override) + +dlsyms (override) + +dynamic_lib (override) + +dynamic_bs (override) + +static_lib (override) + +manifypods (override) + +processPL (override) + +installbin (override) + +subdir_x (override) + +clean (override) + +realclean (override) + +dist_basics (override) + +dist_core (override) + +dist_dir (override) + +dist_test (override) + +install (override) + +perldepend (override) + +makefile (override) + +test (override) + +test_via_harness (override) + +test_via_script (override) + +makeaperl (override) + +nicetext (override) + +=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in +ExtUtils::MakeMaker + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +catfile + +constants (o) + +static_lib (o) + +dynamic_bs (o) + +dynamic_lib (o) + +canonpath + +perl_script + +pm_to_blib + +test_via_harness (o) + +tool_autosplit (override) + +tools_other (o) + +xs_o (o) + +top_targets (o) + +htmlifypods (o) + +manifypods (o) + +dist_ci (o) + +dist_core (o) + +pasthru (o) + +=head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item How To Write A Makefile.PL + +=item Default Makefile Behaviour + +=item make test + +=item make testdb + +=item make install + +=item PREFIX and LIB attribute + +=item AFS users + +=item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary + +=item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations + +=item Which architecture dependent directory? + +=item Using Attributes and Parameters + +AUTHOR, ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CAPI, CCFLAGS, CONFIG, +CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT, +EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS, +HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, +INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR, +INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, +INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, +INST_EXE, INST_LIB, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_MAN1DIR, +INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, PERL_MALLOC_OK, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, +LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, +NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, +PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, +PM, PMLIBDIRS, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC, PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, +PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, +XS_VERSION + +=item Additional lowercase attributes + +clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test, +tool_autosplit + +=item Overriding MakeMaker Methods + +=item Hintsfile support + +=item Distribution Support + + make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest, + make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make +shdist, make zipdist, make ci + +=item Disabling an extension + +=back + +=item ENVIRONMENT + +PERL_MM_OPT + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHORS + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item MANIFEST.SKIP + +=item EXPORT_OK + +=item GLOBAL VARIABLES + +=item DIAGNOSTICS + +C I, C I, C I<$!>, +C I + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic +extension + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME + +=item AUTHOR + +=item REVISION + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item USAGE + +=item FUNCTIONS + +new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file() + +=item EXAMPLE + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item NOTE + +=item EXPORTED SYMBOLS + +=back + +=head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse + +=item EXAMPLES + +C, C + +=back + +=head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item RETURN + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Special behaviour if C is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32) + +rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag]) + +=back + +=item RETURN + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item EXPORTS (by request only) + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=item HISTORY + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C + +=item CAVEAT + +=back + +=head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C + +=item DIAGNOSTICS + +C, C + +=item NOTES + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHORS + +=back + +=head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHORS + +=back + +=head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Exports + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item METHODS + +canonpath + +=back + +catdir + +catfile + +curdir + +devnull + +rootdir + +tmpdir + +updir + +file_name_is_absolute + +path + +splitpath + +splitdir + +catpath + +abs2rel + +rel2abs + +=over + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item METHODS + +canonpath + +=back + +catdir + +catfile + +curdir + +devnull + +rootdir + +tmpdir + +updir + +no_upwards + +case_tolerant + +file_name_is_absolute + +path + +join + +splitpath + +splitdir + +catpath + +abs2rel + +rel2abs + +=over + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +eliminate_macros + +=back + +fixpath + +=over + +=item Methods always loaded + +canonpath (override) + +=back + +catdir + +catfile + +curdir (override) + +devnull (override) + +rootdir (override) + +tmpdir (override) + +updir (override) + +case_tolerant (override) + +path (override) + +file_name_is_absolute (override) + +splitpath (override) + +splitdir (override) + +catpath (override) + +abs2rel (override) + +rel2abs (override) + +=over + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +devnull + +=back + +tmpdir + +catfile + +canonpath + +splitpath + +splitdir + +catpath + +abs2rel + +rel2abs + +=over + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=over + +=item FUNCTIONS + +B + +=back + +B + +=over + +=item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS + +B + +=back + +B + +B + +B + +=over + +=item POSIX FUNCTIONS + +B + +=back + +B + +=over + +=item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS + +B + +=back + +=over + +=item UTILITY FUNCTIONS + +B + +=back + +=over + +=item PACKAGE VARIABLES + +B, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH + +=back + +TopSystemUID + +=over + +=item WARNING + +=item HISTORY + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item NOTE + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item BUGS + +=back + +=head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +$fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES + +=item KNOWN BUGS + +=item AUTHORS + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library. + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AVAILABILITY + +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Command Line Options, an Introduction + +=item Getting Started with Getopt::Long + +=over + +=item Simple options + +=item A little bit less simple options + +=item Mixing command line option with other arguments + +=item Options with values + +=item Options with multiple values + +=item Options with hash values + +=item User-defined subroutines to handle options + +=item Options with multiple names + +=item Case and abbreviations + +=item Summary of Option Specifications + +!, +, s, i, f, : I [ I ] + +=back + +=item Advanced Possibilities + +=over + +=item Documentation and help texts + +=item Storing options in a hash + +=item Bundling + +=item The lonesome dash + +=item Argument call-back + +=back + +=item Configuring Getopt::Long + +default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, require_order, permute, bundling +(default: reset), bundling_override (default: reset), ignore_case +(default: set), ignore_case_always (default: reset), pass_through (default: +reset), prefix, prefix_pattern, debug (default: reset) + +=item Return values and Errors + +=item Legacy + +=over + +=item Default destinations + +=item Alternative option starters + +=item Configuration variables + +=back + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER + +=back + +=head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch +clustering + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current +locale + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 IO - load various IO modules + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory +handles + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (), +rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ] + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item CONSTRUCTOR + +new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile + +=item METHODS + +open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ) + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item HISTORY + +=back + +=head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O +handles + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item CONSTRUCTOR + +new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE ) + +=item METHODS + +$io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines, +$io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error, +$io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ), +$io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint + +=item NOTE + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item BUGS + +=item HISTORY + +=back + +=head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item CONSTRUCTOR + +new ( [READER, WRITER] ) + +=item METHODS + +reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles () + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item METHODS + +mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove ( +IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] ) + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for +I/O objects + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item HISTORY + +=back + +=head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system +call + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item CONSTRUCTOR + +new ( [ HANDLES ] ) + +=item METHODS + +add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read ( +[ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), +count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] ) + +=item EXAMPLE + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket +communications + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item CONSTRUCTOR + +new ( [ARGS] ) + +=item METHODS + +accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), timeout([VAL]), +sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol, connected + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for +AF_INET domain sockets + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item CONSTRUCTOR + +new ( [ARGS] ) + +=over + +=item METHODS + +sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost +() + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for +AF_UNIX domain sockets + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item CONSTRUCTOR + +new ( [ARGS] ) + +=item METHODS + +hostpath(), peerpath() + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item WARNING + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error +handling + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item WARNING + +=back + +=head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +ftok( PATH, ID ) + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHORS + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item METHODS + +new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set +( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [, +FLAGS ] ), stat + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object +class + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item METHODS + +new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ), +getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ), +set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N +, VALUE ), stat + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to, Rounding is +performed + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +Canonical notation, Input, Output + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item Autocreating constants + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical +functions + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item OPERATIONS + +=item CREATION + +=item STRINGIFICATION + +=over + +=item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6 + +=back + +=item USAGE + +=item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO + +=item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHORS + +=back + +=head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS + +B + +=over + +=item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO + +=item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS + +=back + +=item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS + +=item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS + +=over + +=item COORDINATE SYSTEMS + +=item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS + +cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian, +cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical + +=back + +=item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHORS + +=back + +=head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over + +=item Functions + +Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [, +$timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]); + +=back + +=item WARNING + +=item NOTES + +=back + +=head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() +functions + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item NOTE + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() +functions + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item NOTE + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() +functions + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item NOTE + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() +functions + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item NOTE + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item CONVENTIONS + +=item IMPLEMENTATION + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item NOTE + +=item WARNING + +=item Operator Names and Operator Lists + +an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname +or optag, an operator set (opset) + +=item Opcode Functions + +opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET), +full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...), +define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...), +opdump (PAT) + +=item Manipulating Opsets + +=item TO DO (maybe) + +=back + +=over + +=item Predefined Opcode Tags + +:base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math, +:base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open, +:filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided, +:dangerous + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHORS + +=back + +=head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted +compartments + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +a new namespace, an operator mask + +=item WARNING + +=over + +=item RECENT CHANGES + +=item Methods in class Safe + +permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP, +...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from +(PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME), +root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK) + +=item Some Safety Issues + +Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=back + +=head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when +compiling + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1 + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item NOTE + +=item CAVEATS + +=item FUNCTIONS + +_exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2, +atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown, +clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime, +cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv, +execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror, +fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf, +fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos, +fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid, +getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid, +getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty, +iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper, +isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10, +longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, +memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open, +opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts, +qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind, +rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid, +setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp, +sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat, +strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen, +strncat, strncmp, strncpy, stroul, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, +strtod, strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, +tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, +tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, +ungetc, unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, +wcstombs, wctomb, write + +=item CLASSES + +=over + +=item POSIX::SigAction + +new + +=item POSIX::SigSet + +new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember + +=item POSIX::Termios + +new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag, +getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag, +setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc +field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field +values, c_oflag field values + +=back + +=item PATHNAME CONSTANTS + +Constants + +=item POSIX CONSTANTS + +Constants + +=item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION + +Constants + +=item ERRNO + +Constants + +=item FCNTL + +Constants + +=item FLOAT + +Constants + +=item LIMITS + +Constants + +=item LOCALE + +Constants + +=item MATH + +Constants + +=item SIGNAL + +Constants + +=item STAT + +Constants, Macros + +=item STDLIB + +Constants + +=item STDIO + +Constants + +=item TIME + +Constants + +=item UNISTD + +Constants + +=item WAIT + +Constants, Macros + +=item CREATION + +=back + +=head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS + +=over + +=item podchecker() + +B<-warnings> =E I + +=back + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item DIAGNOSTICS + +=over + +=item Errors + +empty =headn, =over on line I without closing =back, =item without +previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end +without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification, +unresolved internal link I, Unknown command "I", Unknown +interior-sequence "I", nested commands +IE...IE...E...E, garbled entity I, Entity +number out of range, malformed link LEE, nonempty ZEE, +empty XEE, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s) +after =back + +=item Warnings + +multiple occurence of link target I, line containing nothing but +whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, No numeric +argument for =over, previous =item has no contents, preceding non-item +paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I vs. I), I unescaped +CE> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No items in =over, No argument +for =item, empty section in previous paragraph, Verbatim paragraph in NAME +section, Hyperlinks + +=back + +=item RETURN VALUE + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item INTERFACE + +=back + +C<$checker-Epoderror( @args )>, C<$checker-Epoderror( {%opts}, +@args )> + +C<$checker-Enum_errors()> + +C<$checker-Ename()> + +C<$checker-Enode()> + +C<$checker-Eidx()> + +C<$checker-Ehyperlink()> + +=over + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item OPTIONS + +B<-verbose>, B<-perl>, B<-script>, B<-inc> + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item ARGUMENTS + +backlink, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index, infile, +libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse, title, +verbose + +=item EXAMPLE + +=item ENVIRONMENT + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs, +commands, etc. + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item REQUIRES + +=item EXPORTS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +B, B, B, +B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item B + +=back + +=over + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex + +=over + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=over + +=item OBJECT METHODS + +C + +=back + +=over + +=item Data Accessors + +B + +=back + +B + +B + +B