X-Git-Url: http://git.shadowcat.co.uk/gitweb/gitweb.cgi?a=blobdiff_plain;f=pod%2Fperltoc.pod;h=0a7987bb367b41db87912586113b98a4446d329a;hb=9b5c3821be1f2a9a84772171c8bbadbf9cfc4a53;hp=8a23663a08abafbaf99069847521fad28f853d03;hpb=a44e0ddd16baf7a4d0ee3570e7e93cd59c783c1a;p=p5sagit%2Fp5-mst-13.2.git diff --git a/pod/perltoc.pod b/pod/perltoc.pod index 8a23663..0a7987b 100644 --- a/pod/perltoc.pod +++ b/pod/perltoc.pod @@ -1,4 +1,8 @@ +# !!!!!!! DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE !!!!!!! +# This file is autogenerated by buildtoc from all the other pods. +# Edit those files and run buildtoc --build-toc to effect changes. + =head1 NAME perltoc - perl documentation table of contents @@ -103,111 +107,136 @@ Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features =back -=head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2002/03/11 -21:32:23 $) +=head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION +=item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures? + +=item The Solution + +=item Syntax + =over 4 -=item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ. +=item Making References -=item L: General Questions About Perl +=item Using References -=item L: Obtaining and Learning about Perl +=item An Example -=item L: Programming Tools +=item Arrow Rule -=item L: Data Manipulation +=back -=item L: Files and Formats +=item Solution -=item L: Regular Expressions +=item The Rest -=item L: General Perl Language Issues +=item Summary -=item L: System Interaction +=item Credits -=item L: Networking +=over 4 + +=item Distribution Conditions + +=back =back -=item About the perlfaq documents +=head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook =over 4 -=item Where to get the perlfaq +=item DESCRIPTION -=item How to contribute to the perlfaq +arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes, +more elaborate constructs -=item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the -authors +=item REFERENCES -=back +=item COMMON MISTAKES -=item Credits +=item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE -=item Author and Copyright Information +=item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C + +=item DEBUGGING + +=item CODE EXAMPLES + +=item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS =over 4 -=item Bundled Distributions +=item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS -=item Disclaimer +=item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS + +=item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS =back -=item Changes +=item HASHES OF ARRAYS + +=over 4 + +=item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS -1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98, -24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version, -Initial Release: 11/March/97 +=item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS + +=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS =back -=head2 perlbook - Perl book information +=item ARRAYS OF HASHES =over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES + +=item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES + +=item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES =back -=head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax +=item HASHES OF HASHES =over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES -=over 4 +=item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES -=item Declarations +=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES -=item Simple statements +=back -=item Compound statements +=item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS -=item Loop Control +=over 4 -=item For Loops +=item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS -=item Foreach Loops +=item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS -=item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements +=item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS -=item Goto +=back -=item PODs: Embedded Documentation +=item Database Ties -=item Plain Old Comments (Not!) +=item SEE ALSO -=back +=item AUTHOR =back -=head2 perldata - Perl data types +=head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl =over 4 @@ -215,529 +244,405 @@ Initial Release: 11/March/97 =over 4 -=item Variable names - -=item Context - -=item Scalar values +=item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays -=item Scalar value constructors +=item Growing Your Own -=item List value constructors +=item Access and Printing =item Slices -=item Typeglobs and Filehandles - =back =item SEE ALSO +=item AUTHOR + =back -=head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence +=head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION +=item The Guide + =over 4 -=item Terms and List Operators (Leftward) +=item Simple word matching -=item The Arrow Operator +=item Using character classes -=item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement +=item Matching this or that -=item Exponentiation +=item Grouping things and hierarchical matching -=item Symbolic Unary Operators +=item Extracting matches -=item Binding Operators +=item Matching repetitions -=item Multiplicative Operators +=item More matching -=item Additive Operators +=item Search and replace -=item Shift Operators +=item The split operator -=item Named Unary Operators +=back -=item Relational Operators +=item BUGS -=item Equality Operators +=item SEE ALSO -=item Bitwise And +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or +=over 4 -=item C-style Logical And +=item Acknowledgments -=item C-style Logical Or +=back -=item Range Operators +=back -=item Conditional Operator +=head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial -=item Assignment Operators +=over 4 -=item Comma Operator +=item DESCRIPTION -=item List Operators (Rightward) +=item Part 1: The basics -=item Logical Not +=over 4 -=item Logical And +=item Simple word matching -=item Logical or and Exclusive Or +=item Using character classes -=item C Operators Missing From Perl +=item Matching this or that -unary &, unary *, (TYPE) +=item Grouping things and hierarchical matching -=item Quote and Quote-like Operators +=item Extracting matches -=item Regexp Quote-Like Operators +=item Matching repetitions -?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>, -qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/, -s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, -y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <, C, C, C, C, C<''>, C, C<"">, -C<``>, C, C, C<< >>, C, C, C, -C,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of -regular expressions +=back -=item I/O Operators +=item Part 2: Power tools -=item Constant Folding +=over 4 -=item Bitwise String Operators +=item More on characters, strings, and character classes -=item Integer Arithmetic +=item Compiling and saving regular expressions -=item Floating-point Arithmetic +=item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression -=item Bigger Numbers +=item Non-capturing groupings -=back +=item Looking ahead and looking behind -=back +=item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking -=head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines +=item Conditional expressions -=over 4 +=item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Pragmas and debugging -=item DESCRIPTION +=back -=over 4 +=item BUGS -=item Private Variables via my() +=item SEE ALSO -=item Persistent Private Variables +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=item Temporary Values via local() +=over 4 -=item Lvalue subroutines +=item Acknowledgments -Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL +=back -=item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs) +=back -=item When to Still Use local() +=head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial -=item Pass by Reference +=over 4 -=item Prototypes +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Constant Functions +=over 4 -=item Overriding Built-in Functions +=item If we could talk to the animals... -=item Autoloading +=item Introducing the method invocation arrow -=item Subroutine Attributes +=item Invoking a barnyard -=back +=item The extra parameter of method invocation -=item SEE ALSO +=item Calling a second method to simplify things -=back +=item Inheriting the windpipes -=head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions +=item A few notes about @ISA -=over 4 +=item Overriding the methods -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Starting the search from a different place -=over 4 +=item The SUPER way of doing things -=item Perl Functions by Category +=item Where we're at so far... -Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching, -Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data, -Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed -length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories, -Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related -to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process -groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and -object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess -communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network -info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted -in perl5 +=item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it? -=item Portability +=item Invoking an instance method -=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions +=item Accessing the instance data -I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept -NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, -binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless -REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp( -LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, -chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE, -connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, -dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete -EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump, -each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, -exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl -FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, -fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, -getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam -NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname -NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr -ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, -getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, -getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent -STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, -endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, -getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, -goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, -import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl -FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, -last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, -link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, -lock THING, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map -EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget -KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my -TYPE EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRS, my TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, next LABEL, next, no -Module VERSION LIST, no Module VERSION, no Module LIST, no Module, oct -EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open -FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE, -opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR TYPE, our EXPR : -ATTRS, our TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, -package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, -print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, -printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, -qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, -rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read -FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, -readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, -ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, -require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir -DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, -rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir -DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, -semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send -SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority -WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY, -shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, -shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep -EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair -SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST, -sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, -splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split -/PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, format -parameter index, flags, vector flag, (minimum) width, precision, or maximum -width, size, order of arguments, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat -FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub NAME BLOCK, sub NAME -(PROTO) BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK, -substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr -EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen -FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread -FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek -FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite -FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, -syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie -VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate -FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, -ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack -TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST, -use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST, -values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn -LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y/// +=item How to build a horse -=back +=item Inheriting the constructor -=back +=item Making a method work with either classes or instances -=head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references +=item Adding parameters to a method -=over 4 +=item More interesting instances -=item DESCRIPTION +=item A horse of a different color -=item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures? +=item Summary -=item The Solution +=back -=item Syntax +=item SEE ALSO -=over 4 +=item COPYRIGHT -=item Making References +=back -=item Using References +=head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl -=back +=over 4 -=item An Example +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Arrow Rule +=item Creating a Class -=item Solution +=over 4 -=item The Rest +=item Object Representation -=item Summary +=item Class Interface -=item Credits +=item Constructors and Instance Methods -=over 4 +=item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors -=item Distribution Conditions +=item Destructors -=back +=item Other Object Methods =back -=head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook +=item Class Data =over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION - -arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes, -more elaborate constructs - -=item REFERENCES +=item Accessing Class Data -=item COMMON MISTAKES +=item Debugging Methods -=item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE +=item Class Destructors -=item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C +=item Documenting the Interface -=item DEBUGGING +=back -=item CODE EXAMPLES +=item Aggregation -=item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS +=item Inheritance =over 4 -=item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS +=item Overridden Methods -=item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS +=item Multiple Inheritance -=item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS +=item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects =back -=item HASHES OF ARRAYS +=item Alternate Object Representations =over 4 -=item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS - -=item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS +=item Arrays as Objects -=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS +=item Closures as Objects =back -=item ARRAYS OF HASHES +=item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods =over 4 -=item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES - -=item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES +=item Autoloaded Data Methods -=item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES +=item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods =back -=item HASHES OF HASHES +=item Metaclassical Tools =over 4 -=item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES - -=item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES +=item Class::Struct -=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES +=item Data Members as Variables =back -=item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS +=item NOTES =over 4 -=item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS +=item Object Terminology -=item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS +=back -=item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS +=item SEE ALSO -=back +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=item Database Ties +=item COPYRIGHT -=item SEE ALSO +=over 4 -=item AUTHOR +=item Acknowledgments =back -=head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start +=back + +=head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=item The Guide +=item Class Data in a Can + +=item Class Data as Package Variables =over 4 -=item Simple word matching +=item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket -=item Using character classes +=item Inheritance Concerns -=item Matching this or that +=item The Eponymous Meta-Object -=item Grouping things and hierarchical matching +=item Indirect References to Class Data -=item Extracting matches +=item Monadic Classes -=item Matching repetitions +=item Translucent Attributes -=item More matching +=back -=item Search and replace +=item Class Data as Lexical Variables -=item The split operator +=over 4 + +=item Privacy and Responsibility + +=item File-Scoped Lexicals + +=item More Inheritance Concerns + +=item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key + +=item Translucency Revisited =back -=item BUGS +=item NOTES =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=over 4 - -=item Acknowledgments +=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -=back +=item HISTORY =back -=head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format +=head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT) =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over 4 +=item OO SCALING TIPS -=item Ordinary Paragraph +=item INSTANCE VARIABLES -=item Verbatim Paragraph +=item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES -=item Command Paragraph +=item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE -C<=head1 I>, C<=head2 I>, C<=head3 I>, C<=head4 I>, C<=over I>, C<=item -I>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I>, C<=end -I>, C<=for I I> +=item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS -=item Formatting Codes +=item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS -CtextE> -- italic text, CtextE> -- bold text, -CcodeE> -- code text, CnameE> -- a hyperlink, -CescapeE> -- a character escape, CfilenameE> -- used -for filenames, CtextE> -- text contains non-breaking spaces, -Ctopic nameE> -- an index entry, CE> -- a null -(zero-effect) formatting code +=item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM -=item The Intent +=item THINKING OF CODE REUSE -=item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules +=item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT -=item Hints for Writing Pod +=item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR -=back +=item DELEGATION =item SEE ALSO -=item AUTHOR - =back -=head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and -notes +=head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=item Pod Definitions - -=item Pod Commands - -"=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item", -"=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text..." - -=item Pod Formatting Codes - -CtextE> -- italic text, CtextE> -- bold text, -CcodeE> -- code text, CfilenameE> -- style for -filenames, Ctopic nameE> -- an index entry, CE> -- a -null (zero-effect) formatting code, CnameE> -- a hyperlink, -CescapeE> -- a character escape, CtextE> -- text -contains non-breaking spaces - -=item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors - -=item About LE...E Codes +=back -First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth: +=head2 perlcheat - Perl 5 Cheat Sheet -=item About =over...=back Regions +=over 4 -=item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions +=item DESCRIPTION -=item SEE ALSO +=over 4 -=item AUTHOR +=item The sheet =back -=head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide +=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -=over 4 +=item AUTHOR -=item DESCRIPTION +=item SEE ALSO =back @@ -751,7 +656,7 @@ First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth: =item Awk Traps -=item C Traps +=item C/C++ Traps =item Sed Traps @@ -798,7 +703,7 @@ Precedence Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, -Regular Expression +Regular Expression, Regular Expression =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps @@ -826,53 +731,42 @@ LIMIT specified =back -=head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter +=head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION -=over 4 +=item use strict -=item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems +=item Looking at data and -w and v -OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS +=item help -=item Location of Perl +=item Stepping through code -=item Command Switches +=item Placeholder for a, w, t, T -B<-0>[I], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I, -B<-D>I, B<-D>I, B<-e> I, B<-F>I, -B<-h>, B<-i>[I], B<-I>I, B<-l>[I], -B<-m>[B<->]I, B<-M>[B<->]I, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>, -B<-[mM]>[B<->]I, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>, -B<-t>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I, B<-w>, B<-W>, -B<-X>, B<-x> I +=item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS -=back +=item OUTPUT TIPS -=item ENVIRONMENT +=item CGI -HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLIO, :bytes, :crlf, :mmap, -:perlio, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PERLIO_DEBUG, PERLLIB, -PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, -PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_ENCODING, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), -SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port) +=item GUIs -=back +=item SUMMARY -=head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics +=item SEE ALSO -=over 4 +=item AUTHOR -=item DESCRIPTION +=item CONTRIBUTORS =back -=head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings +=head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2004/10/05 +22:15:44 $) =over 4 @@ -880,127 +774,112 @@ SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port) =over 4 -=item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings - -=item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W> - -=item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line - -B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X> - -=item Backward Compatibility - -=item Category Hierarchy +=item Where to get the perlfaq -=item Fatal Warnings +=item How to contribute to the perlfaq -=item Reporting Warnings from a Module +=item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the +authors =back -=item TODO +=item Credits -=item SEE ALSO +=item Author and Copyright Information -=item AUTHOR +=over 4 -=back +=item Bundled Distributions -=head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial +=item Disclaimer -=over 4 +=back -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Table of Contents -=item use strict +perlfaq - this document, perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl, perlfaq2 +- Obtaining and Learning about Perl, perlfaq3 - Programming Tools, perlfaq4 +- Data Manipulation, perlfaq5 - Files and Formats, perlfaq6 - Regular +Expressions, perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues, perlfaq8 - System +Interaction, perlfaq9 - Networking -=item Looking at data and -w and v +=item The Questions -=item help +=over 4 -=item Stepping through code +=item L: General Questions About Perl -=item Placeholder for a, w, t, T +=item L: Obtaining and Learning about Perl -=item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS +=item L: Programming Tools -=item OUTPUT TIPS +=item L: Data Manipulation -=item CGI +=item L: Files and Formats -=item GUIs +=item L: Regular Expressions -=item SUMMARY +=item L: General Perl Language Issues -=item SEE ALSO +=item L: System Interaction -=item AUTHOR +=item L: Networking -=item CONTRIBUTORS +=back =back -=head2 perldebug - Perl debugging +=head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date: +2004/10/11 05:06:29 $) =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=item The Perl Debugger - =over 4 -=item Debugger Commands +=item What is Perl? -h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], y -[level [vars]], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, , c [line|sub], l, l -min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, v [line], f filename, /pattern/, -?pattern?, L [abw], S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b, b [line] [condition], b -subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b -compile subname, B line, B *, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W -expr, W *, o, o booloption .., o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [ -command ], << command, > ?, > command, >> command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ -command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, source file, H -number, q -or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man [manpage] +=item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free? -=item Configurable Options +=item Which version of Perl should I use? -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C +=item What are perl4 and perl5? -=item Debugger input/output +=item What is Ponie? -Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame -listing +=item What is perl6? -=item Debugging compile-time statements +=item How stable is Perl? -=item Debugger Customization +=item Is Perl difficult to learn? -=item Readline Support +=item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, +Scheme, or Tcl? -=item Editor Support for Debugging +=item Can I do [task] in Perl? -=item The Perl Profiler +=item When shouldn't I program in Perl? -=back +=item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"? -=item Debugging regular expressions +=item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script? -=item Debugging memory usage +=item What is a JAPH? -=item SEE ALSO +=item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms? -=item BUGS +=item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version +5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language? =back -=head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.29 $, +$Date: 2004/10/25 18:37:23 $) =over 4 @@ -1008,1601 +887,2430 @@ listing =over 4 -=item Predefined Names +=item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it? -$ARG, $_, $a, $b, $>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $', -$LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, -HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, -IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, -HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, -IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, -IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, -$\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, -HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, -HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, -HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, -@-, C<$`> is the same as C, C<$&> is the same as -C, C<$'> is the same as C, C<$1> is the same as C, C<$2> -is the same as C, C<$3> is the same as -C, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR), -$FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^, -IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR, -$FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR, -$FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING}, -$OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@, -$PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, -$>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), -$PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D, -$SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O, -${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, -0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, -$BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, -${^WARNING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, ARGV, -$ARGV, @ARGV, ARGVOUT, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, -$SIG{expr} +=item How can I get a binary version of Perl? -=item Error Indicators +=item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl? -=item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names +=item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts +don't work. -=back +=item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic +loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work? -=item BUGS +=item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN? +What does CPAN/src/... mean? -=back +=item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl? -=head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl +=item Where can I get information on Perl? -=over 4 +=item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Where should I post source code? -=over 4 +=item Perl Books -=item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays +References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics -=item Growing Your Own +=item Perl in Magazines -=item Access and Printing +=item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access -=item Slices +=item What mailing lists are there for Perl? -=back +=item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc -=item SEE ALSO +=item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl? -=item AUTHOR +=item Where do I send bug reports? + +=item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org? =back -=head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.41 $, $Date: 2004/11/03 +22:45:32 $) =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=item Open E la shell - =over 4 -=item Simple Opens +=item How do I do (anything)? -=item Pipe Opens +=item How can I use Perl interactively? -=item The Minus File +=item Is there a Perl shell? -=item Mixing Reads and Writes +=item How do I find which modules are installed on my system? -=item Filters +=item How do I debug my Perl programs? -=back +=item How do I profile my Perl programs? -=item Open E la C +=item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs? -=over 4 +=item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl? -=item Permissions E la mode +=item Is there a ctags for Perl? -=back +=item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor? -=item Obscure Open Tricks +Eclipse, Komodo, Open Perl IDE, OptiPerl, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, Visual +Perl, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Jed, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright, +MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, Affrus, Alpha, BBEdit and +BBEdit Lite -=over 4 +=item Where can I get Perl macros for vi? -=item Re-Opening Files (dups) +=item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs? -=item Dispelling the Dweomer +=item How can I use curses with Perl? -=item Paths as Opens +=item How can I use X or Tk with Perl? -=item Single Argument Open +=item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk? -=item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT +=item How can I make my Perl program run faster? -=back +=item How can I make my Perl program take less memory? -=item Other I/O Issues +Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and +stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk -=over 4 +=item Is it safe to return a reference to local or lexical data? -=item Opening Non-File Files +=item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks? -=item Binary Files +=item How can I make my CGI script more efficient? -=item File Locking +=item How can I hide the source for my Perl program? -=item IO Layers +=item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C? -=back +=item How can I compile Perl into Java? -=item SEE ALSO +=item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]? -=item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT +=item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line? -=item HISTORY +=item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system? + +=item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl? + +=item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming? + +=item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp] + +=item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in +my C program; what am I doing wrong? + +=item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean? + +=item What's MakeMaker? =back -=head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C and C +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=over 4 +=back -=item DESCRIPTION +=head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.56 $, $Date: 2004/11/03 +22:47:56 $) -=item The Basic Principle +=over 4 -=item Packing Text +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Packing Numbers +=item Data: Numbers =over 4 -=item Integers +=item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the +numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)? -=item Unpacking a Stack Frame +=item Why is int() broken? -=item How to Eat an Egg on a Net +=item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly? -=item Floating point Numbers +=item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()? +Trig functions? -=back +=item How do I convert between numeric representations/bases/radixes? -=item Exotic Templates +How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to +hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from +decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert +from decimal to binary -=over 4 +=item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to? -=item Bit Strings +=item How do I multiply matrices? -=item Uuencoding +=item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers? -=item Doing Sums +=item How can I output Roman numerals? -=item Unicode +=item Why aren't my random numbers random? -=item Another Portable Binary Encoding +=item How do I get a random number between X and Y? =back -=item Lengths and Widths +=item Data: Dates =over 4 -=item String Lengths +=item How do I find the day or week of the year? -=item Dynamic Templates +=item How do I find the current century or millennium? + +=item How can I compare two dates and find the difference? + +=item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds? + +=item How can I find the Julian Day? + +=item How do I find yesterday's date? + +=item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant? =back -=item Packing and Unpacking C Structures +=item Data: Strings =over 4 -=item The Alignment Pit - -=item Alignment, Take 2 +=item How do I validate input? -=item Alignment, Take 3 +=item How do I unescape a string? -=item Pointers for How to Use Them +=item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters? -=back +=item How do I expand function calls in a string? -=item Pack Recipes +=item How do I find matching/nesting anything? -=item Funnies Section +=item How do I reverse a string? -=item Authors +=item How do I expand tabs in a string? -=back +=item How do I reformat a paragraph? -=head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial +=item How can I access or change N characters of a string? -=over 4 +=item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a +string? -=item Part 1: The basics +=item How do I capitalize all the words on one line? -=over 4 +=item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside +[character]? -=item Simple word matching +=item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string? -=item Using character classes +=item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes? -=item Matching this or that +=item How do I extract selected columns from a string? -=item Grouping things and hierarchical matching +=item How do I find the soundex value of a string? -=item Extracting matches +=item How can I expand variables in text strings? -=item Matching repetitions +=item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"? -=item Building a regexp +=item Why don't my EEHERE documents work? -=item Using regular expressions in Perl +There must be no space after the EE part, There (probably) should +be a semicolon at the end, You can't (easily) have any space in front of +the tag =back -=item Part 2: Power tools +=item Data: Arrays =over 4 -=item More on characters, strings, and character classes +=item What is the difference between a list and an array? -=item Compiling and saving regular expressions +=item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]? -=item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression +=item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array? -=item Non-capturing groupings +a), b), c), d), e) -=item Looking ahead and looking behind +=item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or +array? -=item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking +=item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the +intersection of two arrays? -=item Conditional expressions +=item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal? -=item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression +=item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true? -=item Pragmas and debugging +=item How do I handle linked lists? -=back +=item How do I handle circular lists? -=item BUGS +=item How do I shuffle an array randomly? -=item SEE ALSO +=item How do I process/modify each element of an array? -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item How do I select a random element from an array? -=over 4 +=item How do I permute N elements of a list? -=item Acknowledgments +=item How do I sort an array by (anything)? -=back +=item How do I manipulate arrays of bits? + +=item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes? =back -=head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions +=item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays) =over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How do I process an entire hash? -i, m, s, x +=item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over +it? -=over 4 +=item How do I look up a hash element by value? -=item Regular Expressions +=item How can I know how many entries are in a hash? -[1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit +=item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)? -=item Extended Patterns +=item How can I always keep my hash sorted? -C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>, -C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?, C<(?{ -code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>, -C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)> +=item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes? -=item Backtracking +=item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction? -=item Version 8 Regular Expressions +=item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through? -=item Warning on \1 vs $1 +=item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes? -=item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring +=item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file? -=item Combining pieces together +=item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it? -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>, -C<(?!S)>, C<(?, C<(??{ EXPR })>, -C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)> +=item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create +it? -=item Creating custom RE engines +=item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or +array of hashes or arrays? + +=item How can I use a reference as a hash key? + +=back + +=item Data: Misc + +=over 4 + +=item How do I handle binary data correctly? + +=item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float? + +=item How do I keep persistent data across program calls? + +=item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure? + +=item How do I define methods for every class/object? + +=item How do I verify a credit card checksum? + +=item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code? + +=back + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.31 $, $Date: 2004/02/07 +04:29:50 $) + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this? + +=item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a +line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file? + +=item How do I count the number of lines in a file? + +=item How can I use Perl's C<-i> option from within a program? + +=item How do I make a temporary file name? + +=item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files? + +=item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass +filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles? + +=item How can I use a filehandle indirectly? + +=item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()? + +=item How can I write() into a string? + +=item How can I output my numbers with commas added? + +=item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename? + +=item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out? + +=item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use +E*E? + +=item Is there a leak/bug in glob()? + +=item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks? + +=item How can I reliably rename a file? + +=item How can I lock a file? + +=item Why can't I just open(FH, "Efile.lock")? + +=item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in +the file. How can I do this? + +=item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a +file. Do I still have to use locking? + +=item How do I randomly update a binary file? + +=item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl? + +=item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl? + +=item How do I print to more than one file at once? + +=item How can I read in an entire file all at once? + +=item How can I read in a file by paragraphs? + +=item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard? + +=item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle? + +=item How do I do a C in perl? + +=item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl? + +=item How do I close a file descriptor by number? + +=item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't +`C:\temp\foo.exe` work? + +=item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files? + +=item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber +protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl? + +=item How do I select a random line from a file? + +=item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines? + +=back + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 2004/11/03 +22:52:16 $) + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible +and unmaintainable code? + +Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters + +=item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong? + +=item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on +different lines? + +=item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong? + +=item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving +case on the RHS? + +=item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets? + +=item How can I match a locale-smart version of C? + +=item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex? + +=item What is C really for? + +=item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a +file? + +=item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text? + +=item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it? + +=item How do I process each word on each line? + +=item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary? + +=item How can I do approximate matching? + +=item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once? + +=item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me? + +=item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down? + +=item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression? + +=item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant? + +=item What's wrong with using grep in a void context? + +=item How can I match strings with multibyte characters? + +=item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user? + +=back + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.18 $, $Date: +2004/11/03 22:54:08 $) + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language? + +=item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to +use them? + +=item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and +commas? + +=item How do I skip some return values? + +=item How do I temporarily block warnings? + +=item What's an extension? + +=item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators? + +=item How do I declare/create a structure? + +=item How do I create a module? + +=item How do I create a class? + +=item How can I tell if a variable is tainted? + +=item What's a closure? + +=item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it? + +=item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method, +Regex}? + +Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes, +Passing Methods + +=item How do I create a static variable? + +=item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? +Between local() and my()? + +=item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical +is in scope? + +=item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding? + +=item Why doesn't "my($foo) = EFILEE;" work right? + +=item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method? + +=item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()? + +=item How do I create a switch or case statement? + +=item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables, functions, or +methods? + +=item Why can't a method included in this same file be found? + +=item How can I find out my current package? + +=item How can I comment out a large block of perl code? + +=item How do I clear a package? + +=item How can I use a variable as a variable name? + +=item What does "bad interpreter" mean? + +=back + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 2004/10/05 +22:13:49 $) + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under? + +=item How come exec() doesn't return? + +=item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse? + +Keyboard, Screen, Mouse + +=item How do I print something out in color? + +=item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key? + +=item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard? + +=item How do I clear the screen? + +=item How do I get the screen size? + +=item How do I ask the user for a password? + +=item How do I read and write the serial port? + +lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input + +=item How do I decode encrypted password files? + +=item How do I start a process in the background? + +STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies + +=item How do I trap control characters/signals? + +=item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system? + +=item How do I set the time and date? + +=item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second? + +=item How can I measure time under a second? + +=item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling) + +=item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What +does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean? + +=item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl? + +=item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()? + +=item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems? + +=item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command? + +=item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()? + +=item How can I capture STDERR from an external command? + +=item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails? + +=item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context? + +=item How can I call backticks without shell processing? + +=item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, +^Z on MS-DOS)? + +=item How can I convert my shell script to perl? + +=item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session? + +=item How can I write expect in Perl? + +=item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as +"ps"? + +=item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How +come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my +changes to be visible? + +Unix + +=item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to +complete? + +=item How do I fork a daemon process? + +=item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not? + +=item How do I timeout a slow event? + +=item How do I set CPU limits? + +=item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system? + +=item How do I use an SQL database? + +=item How do I make a system() exit on control-C? + +=item How do I open a file without blocking? + +=item How do I tell the difference between errors from the shell and perl? + +=item How do I install a module from CPAN? + +=item What's the difference between require and use? + +=item How do I keep my own module/library directory? + +=item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library +search path? + +=item How do I add a directory to my include path (@INC) at runtime? + +=item What is socket.ph and where do I get it? + +=back + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.16 $, $Date: 2004/10/30 12:20:59 +$) + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script? + +=item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500 +Server Error) + +=item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program? + +=item How do I remove HTML from a string? + +=item How do I extract URLs? + +=item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a +file on another machine? + +=item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML? + +=item How do I fetch an HTML file? + +=item How do I automate an HTML form submission? + +=item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web? + +=item How do I redirect to another page? + +=item How do I put a password on my web pages? + +=item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl? + +=item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my +CGI script to do bad things? + +=item How do I parse a mail header? + +=item How do I decode a CGI form? + +=item How do I check a valid mail address? + +=item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string? + +=item How do I return the user's mail address? + +=item How do I send mail? + +=item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message? + +=item How do I read mail? + +=item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address? + +=item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups? + +=item How do I fetch/put an FTP file? + +=item How can I do RPC in Perl? + +=back + +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Declarations + +=item Comments + +=item Simple Statements + +=item Truth and Falsehood + +=item Statement Modifiers + +=item Compound Statements + +=item Loop Control + +=item For Loops + +=item Foreach Loops + +=item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements + +=item Goto + +=item PODs: Embedded Documentation + +=item Plain Old Comments (Not!) + +=back + +=back + +=head2 perldata - Perl data types + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Variable names + +=item Context + +=item Scalar values + +=item Scalar value constructors + +=item List value constructors + +=item Subscripts + +=item Slices + +=item Typeglobs and Filehandles + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Operator Precedence and Associativity + +=item Terms and List Operators (Leftward) + +=item The Arrow Operator + +=item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement + +=item Exponentiation + +=item Symbolic Unary Operators + +=item Binding Operators + +=item Multiplicative Operators + +=item Additive Operators + +=item Shift Operators + +=item Named Unary Operators + +=item Relational Operators + +=item Equality Operators + +=item Bitwise And + +=item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or + +=item C-style Logical And + +=item C-style Logical Or + +=item C-style Logical Defined-Or + +=item Range Operators + +=item Conditional Operator + +=item Assignment Operators + +=item Comma Operator + +=item List Operators (Rightward) + +=item Logical Not + +=item Logical And + +=item Logical or, Defined or, and Exclusive Or + +=item C Operators Missing From Perl + +unary &, unary *, (TYPE) + +=item Quote and Quote-like Operators + +=item Regexp Quote-Like Operators + +?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>, +qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/, +s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, +y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <, C, C, C, C, C<''>, C, C<"">, +C<``>, C, C, C<< >>, C, C, C, +C,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of +regular expressions + +=item I/O Operators + +=item Constant Folding + +=item No-ops + +=item Bitwise String Operators + +=item Integer Arithmetic + +=item Floating-point Arithmetic + +=item Bigger Numbers + +=back + +=back + +=head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Private Variables via my() + +=item Persistent Private Variables + +=item Temporary Values via local() + +=item Lvalue subroutines + +Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL + +=item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs) + +=item When to Still Use local() + +=item Pass by Reference + +=item Prototypes + +=item Constant Functions + +=item Overriding Built-in Functions + +=item Autoloading + +=item Subroutine Attributes + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Perl Functions by Category + +Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching, +Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data, +Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed +length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories, +Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related +to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process +groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and +object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess +communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network +info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted +in perl5 + +=item Portability + +=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions + +-I FILEHANDLE, -I EXPR, -I, abs VALUE, abs, accept +NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, +binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless +REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp( +LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, +chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE, +connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, +dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete +EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump, +each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, +exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl +FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, +fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, +getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam +NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname +NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr +ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, +getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, +getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent +STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, +endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, +getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, +goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, +import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl +FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, +last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, +link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, +lock THING, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map +EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget +KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my +TYPE EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRS, my TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, next LABEL, next, no +Module VERSION LIST, no Module VERSION, no Module LIST, no Module, oct +EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open +FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE, +opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR TYPE, our EXPR : +ATTRS, our TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, +package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, +print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, +printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, +qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, +rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read +FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, +readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, +ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, +require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir +DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, +rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir +DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, +semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send +SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority +WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY, +shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, +shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep +EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair +SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST, +sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, +splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split +/PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, format +parameter index, flags, vector flag, (minimum) width, precision, or maximum +width, size, order of arguments, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat +FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub NAME BLOCK, sub NAME +(PROTO) BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK, +substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr +EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall NUMBER, LIST, sysopen +FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread +FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek +FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite +FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, +syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie +VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate +FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, +ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack +TEMPLATE,EXPR, unpack TEMPLATE, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use +Module VERSION LIST, use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use +VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid +PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y/// =back -=item BUGS - -=item SEE ALSO - =back -=head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures +=head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl =over 4 -=item NOTE - =item DESCRIPTION -=over 4 - -=item Making References - -=item Using References +=item Open E la shell -=item Symbolic references +=over 4 -=item Not-so-symbolic references +=item Simple Opens -=item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash +=item Indirect Filehandles -=item Function Templates +=item Pipe Opens -=back +=item The Minus File -=item WARNING +=item Mixing Reads and Writes -=item SEE ALSO +=item Filters =back -=head2 perlform - Perl formats - -=over 4 - -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Open E la C =over 4 -=item Format Variables +=item Permissions E la mode =back -=item NOTES +=item Obscure Open Tricks =over 4 -=item Footers - -=item Accessing Formatting Internals +=item Re-Opening Files (dups) -=back +=item Dispelling the Dweomer -=item WARNINGS +=item Paths as Opens -=back +=item Single Argument Open -=head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial +=item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT -=over 4 +=back -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Other I/O Issues =over 4 -=item If we could talk to the animals... - -=item Introducing the method invocation arrow - -=item Invoking a barnyard - -=item The extra parameter of method invocation - -=item Calling a second method to simplify things - -=item Inheriting the windpipes - -=item A few notes about @ISA - -=item Overriding the methods - -=item Starting the search from a different place - -=item The SUPER way of doing things - -=item Where we're at so far... - -=item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it? - -=item Invoking an instance method - -=item Accessing the instance data - -=item How to build a horse - -=item Inheriting the constructor +=item Opening Non-File Files -=item Making a method work with either classes or instances +=item Opening Named Pipes -=item Adding parameters to a method +=item Opening Sockets -=item More interesting instances +=item Binary Files -=item A horse of a different color +=item File Locking -=item Summary +=item IO Layers =back -=item SEE ALSO +=item SEE ALSO -=item COPYRIGHT +=item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT + +=item HISTORY =back -=head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl +=head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C and C =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=item Creating a Class +=item The Basic Principle -=over 4 +=item Packing Text -=item Object Representation +=item Packing Numbers -=item Class Interface +=over 4 -=item Constructors and Instance Methods +=item Integers -=item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors +=item Unpacking a Stack Frame -=item Destructors +=item How to Eat an Egg on a Net -=item Other Object Methods +=item Byte-order modifiers + +=item Floating point Numbers =back -=item Class Data +=item Exotic Templates =over 4 -=item Accessing Class Data +=item Bit Strings -=item Debugging Methods +=item Uuencoding -=item Class Destructors +=item Doing Sums -=item Documenting the Interface +=item Unicode + +=item Another Portable Binary Encoding =back -=item Aggregation +=item Template Grouping -=item Inheritance +=item Lengths and Widths =over 4 -=item Overridden Methods +=item String Lengths -=item Multiple Inheritance +=item Dynamic Templates -=item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects +=item Counting Repetitions =back -=item Alternate Object Representations +=item Packing and Unpacking C Structures =over 4 -=item Arrays as Objects - -=item Closures as Objects - -=back +=item The Alignment Pit -=item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods +=item Dealing with Endian-ness -=over 4 +=item Alignment, Take 2 -=item Autoloaded Data Methods +=item Alignment, Take 3 -=item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods +=item Pointers for How to Use Them =back -=item Metaclassical Tools - -=over 4 +=item Pack Recipes -=item Class::Struct +=item Funnies Section -=item Data Members as Variables +=item Authors =back -=item NOTES +=head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format =over 4 -=item Object Terminology - -=back - -=item SEE ALSO - -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT - -=item COPYRIGHT +=item DESCRIPTION =over 4 -=item Acknowledgments - -=back - -=back - -=head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl +=item Ordinary Paragraph -=over 4 +=item Verbatim Paragraph -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Command Paragraph -=item Class Data in a Can +C<=head1 I>, C<=head2 I>, C<=head3 I>, C<=head4 I>, C<=over I>, C<=item +I>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I>, C<=end +I>, C<=for I I>, C<=encoding +I> -=item Class Data as Package Variables +=item Formatting Codes -=over 4 +CtextE> -- italic text, CtextE> -- bold text, +CcodeE> -- code text, CnameE> -- a hyperlink, +CescapeE> -- a character escape, CfilenameE> -- used +for filenames, CtextE> -- text contains non-breaking spaces, +Ctopic nameE> -- an index entry, CE> -- a null +(zero-effect) formatting code -=item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket +=item The Intent -=item Inheritance Concerns +=item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules -=item The Eponymous Meta-Object +=item Hints for Writing Pod -=item Indirect References to Class Data +=back -=item Monadic Classes +=item SEE ALSO -=item Translucent Attributes +=item AUTHOR =back -=item Class Data as Lexical Variables +=head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and +notes =over 4 -=item Privacy and Responsibility +=item DESCRIPTION -=item File-Scoped Lexicals +=item Pod Definitions -=item More Inheritance Concerns +=item Pod Commands -=item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key +"=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item", +"=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text...", +"=encoding encodingname" -=item Translucency Revisited +=item Pod Formatting Codes + +CtextE> -- italic text, CtextE> -- bold text, +CcodeE> -- code text, CfilenameE> -- style for +filenames, Ctopic nameE> -- an index entry, CE> -- a +null (zero-effect) formatting code, CnameE> -- a hyperlink, +CescapeE> -- a character escape, CtextE> -- text +contains non-breaking spaces + +=item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors -=back +=item About LE...E Codes -=item NOTES +First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth: -=item SEE ALSO +=item About =over...=back Regions -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions -=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS +=item SEE ALSO -=item HISTORY +=item AUTHOR =back -=head2 perlobj - Perl objects +=head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter =over 4 +=item SYNOPSIS + =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 -=item An Object is Simply a Reference +=item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems -=item A Class is Simply a Package +OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS -=item A Method is Simply a Subroutine +=item Location of Perl -=item Method Invocation +=item Command Switches -=item Indirect Object Syntax +B<-0>[I], B<-A [I]>, B<-a>, B<-C +[I]>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-dt>, B<-d:>I, +B<-dt:>I, B<-D>I, B<-D>I, B<-e> +I, B<-F>I, B<-h>, B<-i>[I], +B<-I>I, B<-l>[I], B<-m>[B<->]I, +B<-M>[B<->]I, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>, +B<-[mM]>[B<->]I, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>, +B<-t>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I, B<-w>, B<-W>, +B<-X>, B<-x>, B<-x> I -=item Default UNIVERSAL methods +=back -isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ) +=item ENVIRONMENT -=item Destructors +HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLIO, :bytes, :crlf, :mmap, +:perlio, :pop, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PERLIO_DEBUG, PERLLIB, +PERL5DB, PERL5DB_THREADED, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), +PERL_ALLOW_NON_IFS_LSP (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, +PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_DL_NONLAZY, PERL_ENCODING, PERL_HASH_SEED, +PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), PERL_SIGNALS, +PERL_UNICODE, SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port) -=item Summary +=back -=item Two-Phased Garbage Collection +=head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics -=back +=over 4 -=item SEE ALSO +=item DESCRIPTION =back -=head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT) +=head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=item OO SCALING TIPS +=over 4 -=item INSTANCE VARIABLES +=item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings -=item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES +=item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W> -=item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE +=item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line -=item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS +B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X> -=item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS +=item Backward Compatibility -=item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM +=item Category Hierarchy -=item THINKING OF CODE REUSE +=item Fatal Warnings -=item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT +=item Reporting Warnings from a Module -=item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR +=back -=item DELEGATION +=item TODO + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR =back -=head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable +=head2 perldebug - Perl debugging =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION +=item The Perl Debugger + =over 4 -=item Tying Scalars +=item Debugger Commands -TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this, -DESTROY this +h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], y +[level [vars]], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, , c [line|sub], l, l +min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, v [line], f filename, /pattern/, +?pattern?, L [abw], S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b, b [line] [condition], b +subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b +compile subname, B line, B *, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W +expr, W *, o, o booloption .., o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [ +command ], < *, << command, > ?, > command, > *, >> command, { ?, { [ +command ], { *, {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, source +file, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man +[manpage] -=item Tying Arrays +=item Configurable Options -TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value, -FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this, -key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this, -UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY -this +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C -=item Tying Hashes +=item Debugger input/output -USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE -this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY -this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this +Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame +listing -=item Tying FileHandles +=item Debugging compile-time statements -TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, -LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this, -DESTROY this +=item Debugger Customization -=item UNTIE this +=item Readline Support -=item The C Gotcha +=item Editor Support for Debugging + +=item The Perl Profiler =back +=item Debugging regular expressions + +=item Debugging memory usage + =item SEE ALSO =item BUGS -=item AUTHOR - =back -=head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, -safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores) +=head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=item Signals - =over 4 -=item Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons - -=back - -=item Named Pipes +=item Predefined Names -=over 4 +$ARG, $_, $a, $b, $>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $', +$LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, +HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, +IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, +HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, +IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, +IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, +$\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $#, +HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, +HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, +HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, +@-, C<$`> is the same as C, C<$&> is the same as +C, C<$'> is the same as C, C<$1> is the same as C, C<$2> +is the same as C, C<$3> is the same as +C, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR), +$FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^, +IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR, +$FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR, +$FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING}, +$OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@, +$PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, +$>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), +$PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D, +$SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O, +${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, +0x100, 0x200, 0x400, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, +$EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, ${^UNICODE}, +$PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, +ARGV, $ARGV, @ARGV, ARGVOUT, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, +$SIG{expr} -=item Deferred Signals +=item Error Indicators -Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Signals as "faults", Signals -triggered by operating system state +=item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names =back -=item Using open() for IPC - -=over 4 - -=item Filehandles - -=item Background Processes - -=item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent - -=item Safe Pipe Opens - -=item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process - -=item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself +=item BUGS =back -=item Sockets: Client/Server Communication +=head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions =over 4 -=item Internet Line Terminators - -=item Internet TCP Clients and Servers +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers +i, m, s, x -=back +=over 4 -=item TCP Clients with IO::Socket +=item Regular Expressions -=over 4 +[1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit -=item A Simple Client +=item Extended Patterns -C, C, C +C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>, +C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?, C<(?{ +code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>, +C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)> -=item A Webget Client +=item Backtracking -=item Interactive Client with IO::Socket +=item Version 8 Regular Expressions -=back +=item Warning on \1 vs $1 -=item TCP Servers with IO::Socket +=item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring -Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse +=item Combining pieces together -=item UDP: Message Passing +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>, +C<(?!S)>, C<(?, C<(??{ EXPR })>, +C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)> -=item SysV IPC +=item Creating custom RE engines -=item NOTES +=back =item BUGS -=item AUTHOR - =item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation +=head2 perlreref - Perl Regular Expressions Reference =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 -=item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes +=item OPERATORS -$$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept -filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to -files, directories and network sockets +=item SYNTAX -=item Resource limits +=item ESCAPE SEQUENCES -=item Killing the parent process +=item CHARACTER CLASSES -=item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes +=item ANCHORS -=item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS +=item QUANTIFIERS -BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented, -Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger -application, Thread-safety of extensions +=item EXTENDED CONSTRUCTS -=back +=item VARIABLES -=item BUGS +=item FUNCTIONS + +=item TERMINOLOGY + +=back =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO +=item THANKS + =back -=head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl +=head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item NOTE =item DESCRIPTION -=item Storing numbers +=over 4 + +=item Making References + +=item Using References + +=item Symbolic references + +=item Not-so-symbolic references -=item Numeric operators and numeric conversions +=item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash -=item Flavors of Perl numeric operations +=item Function Templates -Arithmetic operators, ++, Arithmetic operators during C, Other -mathematical operators, Bitwise operators, Bitwise operators during C, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a -string +=back -=item AUTHOR +=item WARNING =item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl +=head2 perlform - Perl formats =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=item Status - -=item What Is A Thread Anyway? +=over 4 -=item Threaded Program Models +=item Text Fields -=over 4 +=item Numeric Fields -=item Boss/Worker +=item The Field @* for Variable Width Multi-Line Text -=item Work Crew +=item The Field ^* for Variable Width One-line-at-a-time Text -=item Pipeline +=item Specifying Values -=back +=item Using Fill Mode -=item Native threads +=item Suppressing Lines Where All Fields Are Void -=item What kind of threads are Perl threads? +=item Repeating Format Lines -=item Thread-Safe Modules +=item Top of Form Processing -=item Thread Basics +=item Format Variables -=over 4 +=back -=item Basic Thread Support +=item NOTES -=item A Note about the Examples +=over 4 -=item Creating Threads +=item Footers -=item Giving up control +=item Accessing Formatting Internals -=item Waiting For A Thread To Exit +=back -=item Ignoring A Thread +=item WARNINGS =back -=item Threads And Data +=head2 perlobj - Perl objects =over 4 -=item Shared And Unshared Data +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Thread Pitfalls: Races +=over 4 -=back +=item An Object is Simply a Reference -=item Synchronization and control +=item A Class is Simply a Package -=over 4 +=item A Method is Simply a Subroutine -=item Controlling access: lock() +=item Method Invocation -=item A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks +=item Indirect Object Syntax -=item Queues: Passing Data Around +=item Default UNIVERSAL methods -=item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access +isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ) -=item Basic semaphores +=item Destructors -=item Advanced Semaphores +=item Summary -=item cond_wait() and cond_signal() +=item Two-Phased Garbage Collection =back -=item General Thread Utility Routines +=item SEE ALSO -=over 4 +=back -=item What Thread Am I In? +=head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable -=item Thread IDs +=over 4 -=item Are These Threads The Same? +=item SYNOPSIS -=item What Threads Are Running? +=item DESCRIPTION -=back +=over 4 -=item A Complete Example +=item Tying Scalars -=item Performance considerations +TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this, +DESTROY this -=item Process-scope Changes +=item Tying Arrays -=item Thread-Safety of System Libraries +TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value, +FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this, +key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this, +UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY +this -=item Conclusion +=item Tying Hashes -=item Bibliography +USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE +this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY +this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, SCALAR this, UNTIE this, DESTROY this -=over 4 +=item Tying FileHandles -=item Introductory Texts +TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, +LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this, +DESTROY this -=item OS-Related References +=item UNTIE this -=item Other References +=item The C Gotcha =back -=item Acknowledgements +=item SEE ALSO -=item AUTHOR +=item BUGS -=item Copyrights +=item AUTHOR =back -=head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl +=head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters =over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item SYNOPSIS -=item What Is A Thread Anyway? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Threaded Program Models +B, B, B, +B =over 4 -=item Boss/Worker +=item The Filter -=item Work Crew +=item An Example -- the NULL termination problem. -=item Pipeline +=item Another Example -- Key is a C int. =back -=item Native threads +=item SEE ALSO -=item What kind of threads are perl threads? +=item AUTHOR -=item Threadsafe Modules +=back -=item Thread Basics +=head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, +safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores) =over 4 -=item Basic Thread Support - -=item Creating Threads - -=item Giving up control +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Waiting For A Thread To Exit +=item Signals -=item Errors In Threads +=over 4 -=item Ignoring A Thread +=item Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons =back -=item Threads And Data +=item Named Pipes =over 4 -=item Shared And Unshared Data - -=item Thread Pitfall: Races - -=item Controlling access: lock() - -=item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks +=item Deferred Signals (Safe Signals) -=item Queues: Passing Data Around +Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Restartable system calls, Signals as +"faults", Signals triggered by operating system state =back -=item Threads And Code +=item Using open() for IPC =over 4 -=item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access +=item Filehandles -Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores +=item Background Processes -=item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines +=item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent -=item Subroutine Locks +=item Safe Pipe Opens -=item Methods +=item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process -=item Locking A Subroutine +=item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself =back -=item General Thread Utility Routines +=item Sockets: Client/Server Communication =over 4 -=item What Thread Am I In? - -=item Thread IDs +=item Internet Line Terminators -=item Are These Threads The Same? +=item Internet TCP Clients and Servers -=item What Threads Are Running? +=item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers =back -=item A Complete Example - -=item Conclusion - -=item Bibliography +=item TCP Clients with IO::Socket =over 4 -=item Introductory Texts +=item A Simple Client -=item OS-Related References +C, C, C -=item Other References +=item A Webget Client -=back +=item Interactive Client with IO::Socket -=item Acknowledgements +=back -=item AUTHOR +=item TCP Servers with IO::Socket -=item Copyrights +Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse -=back +=item UDP: Message Passing -=head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl +=item SysV IPC -=over 4 +=item NOTES -=item DESCRIPTION +=item BUGS -Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I -portable +=item AUTHOR -=item ISSUES +=item SEE ALSO -=over 4 +=back -=item Newlines +=head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation -=item Numbers endianness and Width +=over 4 -=item Files and Filesystems +=item SYNOPSIS -=item System Interaction +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Command names versus file pathnames +=over 4 -=item Interprocess Communication (IPC) +=item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes -=item External Subroutines (XS) +$$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept +filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to +files, directories and network sockets -=item Standard Modules +=item Resource limits -=item Time and Date +=item Killing the parent process -=item Character sets and character encoding +=item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes -=item Internationalisation +=item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS -=item System Resources +BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented, +Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger +application, Thread-safety of extensions -=item Security +=back -=item Style +=item BUGS -=back +=item AUTHOR -=item CPAN Testers +=item SEE ALSO -Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results: -http://testers.cpan.org/ +=back -=item PLATFORMS +=head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl =over 4 -=item Unix +=item SYNOPSIS -=item DOS and Derivatives +=item DESCRIPTION -=item S +=item Storing numbers -=item VMS +=item Numeric operators and numeric conversions -=item VOS +=item Flavors of Perl numeric operations -=item EBCDIC Platforms +Arithmetic operators, ++, Arithmetic operators during C, Other +mathematical operators, Bitwise operators, Bitwise operators during C, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a +string -=item Acorn RISC OS +=item AUTHOR -=item Other perls +=item SEE ALSO =back -=item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS +=head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl =over 4 -=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions +=item DESCRIPTION --I FILEHANDLE, -I EXPR, -I, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode -FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt -PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec -LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock -FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority -WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, -getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, -getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, -getprotoent, getservent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, -setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, -endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob -EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link -OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, -msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open -FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink -EXPR, readlink, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, -semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP, -setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt -SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, -shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET, -socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat -EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen -FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate -FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST, -wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS +=item Status -=back +=item What Is A Thread Anyway? -=item CHANGES +=item Threaded Program Models -v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000, -v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 -May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February -1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September -1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, -v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998 +=over 4 -=item Supported Platforms +=item Boss/Worker -=item SEE ALSO +=item Work Crew -=item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS +=item Pipeline =back -=head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and -localization) - -=over 4 - -=item DESCRIPTION +=item What kind of threads are Perl threads? -=item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES +=item Thread-Safe Modules -=item USING LOCALES +=item Thread Basics =over 4 -=item The use locale pragma +=item Basic Thread Support -=item The setlocale function +=item A Note about the Examples -=item Finding locales +=item Creating Threads -=item LOCALE PROBLEMS +=item Waiting For A Thread To Exit -=item Temporarily fixing locale problems +=item Ignoring A Thread -=item Permanently fixing locale problems +=back -=item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration +=item Threads And Data -=item Fixing system locale configuration +=over 4 -=item The localeconv function +=item Shared And Unshared Data -=item I18N::Langinfo +=item Thread Pitfalls: Races =back -=item LOCALE CATEGORIES +=item Synchronization and control =over 4 -=item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation - -=item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types +=item Controlling access: lock() -=item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting +=item A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks -=item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts +=item Queues: Passing Data Around -=item LC_TIME +=item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access -=item Other categories +=item Basic semaphores -=back +=item Advanced Semaphores -=item SECURITY +=item cond_wait() and cond_signal() -=item ENVIRONMENT +=item Giving up control -PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, -LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG +=back -=item NOTES +=item General Thread Utility Routines =over 4 -=item Backward compatibility +=item What Thread Am I In? -=item I18N:Collate obsolete +=item Thread IDs -=item Sort speed and memory use impacts +=item Are These Threads The Same? -=item write() and LC_NUMERIC +=item What Threads Are Running? -=item Freely available locale definitions +=back -=item I18n and l10n +=item A Complete Example -=item An imperfect standard +=item Different implementations of threads -=back +=item Performance considerations -=item Unicode and UTF-8 +=item Process-scope Changes -=item BUGS +=item Thread-Safety of System Libraries + +=item Conclusion + +=item Bibliography =over 4 -=item Broken systems +=item Introductory Texts + +=item OS-Related References + +=item Other References =back -=item SEE ALSO +=item Acknowledgements -=item HISTORY +=item AUTHOR + +=item Copyrights =back -=head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction +=head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION +=item What Is A Thread Anyway? + +=item Threaded Program Models + =over 4 -=item Unicode +=item Boss/Worker -=item Perl's Unicode Support +=item Work Crew -=item Perl's Unicode Model +=item Pipeline -=item Unicode and EBCDIC +=back -=item Creating Unicode +=item Native threads -=item Handling Unicode +=item What kind of threads are perl threads? -=item Legacy Encodings +=item Threadsafe Modules -=item Unicode I/O +=item Thread Basics -=item Displaying Unicode As Text +=over 4 -=item Special Cases +=item Basic Thread Support -=item Advanced Topics +=item Creating Threads -=item Miscellaneous +=item Giving up control -=item Questions With Answers +=item Waiting For A Thread To Exit -=item Hexadecimal Notation +=item Errors In Threads -=item Further Resources +=item Ignoring A Thread =back -=item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS +=item Threads And Data -=item SEE ALSO +=over 4 -=item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS +=item Shared And Unshared Data -=item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE +=item Thread Pitfall: Races -=back +=item Controlling access: lock() -=head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl +=item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks -=over 4 +=item Queues: Passing Data Around -=item DESCRIPTION +=back -=over 4 +=item Threads And Code -=item Important Caveats +=over 4 -Input and Output Layers, Regular Expressions, C still needed to -enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts +=item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access -=item Byte and Character Semantics +Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores -=item Effects of Character Semantics +=item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines -=item Scripts +=item Subroutine Locks -=item Blocks +=item Methods -=item User-Defined Character Properties +=item Locking A Subroutine -=item Character Encodings for Input and Output +=back -=item Unicode Regular Expression Support Level +=item General Thread Utility Routines -=item Unicode Encodings +=over 4 -=item Security Implications of Unicode +=item What Thread Am I In? -=item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC +=item Thread IDs -=item Locales +=item Are These Threads The Same? -=item Using Unicode in XS +=item What Threads Are Running? =back -=item BUGS +=item A Complete Example -=over 4 +=item Conclusion -=item Interaction with Locales +=item Bibliography -=item Interaction with Extensions +=over 4 -=item Speed +=item Introductory Texts -=back +=item OS-Related References -=item SEE ALSO +=item Other References =back -=head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms - -=over 4 +=item Acknowledgements -=item DESCRIPTION +=item AUTHOR -=item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS +=item Copyrights -=over 4 +=back -=item ASCII +=head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl -=item ISO 8859 +=over 4 -=item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1) +=item DESCRIPTION -=item EBCDIC +Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I +portable -=item 13 variant characters +=item ISSUES -=item 0037 +=over 4 -=item 1047 +=item Newlines -=item POSIX-BC +=item Numbers endianness and Width -=item Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points +=item Files and Filesystems -=item Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC +=item System Interaction -=item Unicode and UTF +=item Command names versus file pathnames -=item Using Encode +=item Networking -=back +=item Interprocess Communication (IPC) -=item SINGLE OCTET TABLES +=item External Subroutines (XS) -recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6 +=item Standard Modules -=item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS +=item Time and Date -=item CONVERSIONS +=item Character sets and character encoding -=over 4 +=item Internationalisation -=item tr/// +=item System Resources -=item iconv +=item Security -=item C RTL +=item Style =back -=item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES +=item CPAN Testers -=item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES +Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results: +http://testers.cpan.org/ -chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack() +=item PLATFORMS -=item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES +=over 4 -=item SOCKETS +=item Unix -=item SORTING +=item DOS and Derivatives -=over 4 +=item S -=item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences. +=item VMS -=item MONO CASE then sort data. +=item VOS -=item Convert, sort data, then re convert. +=item EBCDIC Platforms -=item Perform sorting on one type of machine only. +=item Acorn RISC OS + +=item Other perls =back -=item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS +=item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS =over 4 -=item URL decoding and encoding +=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions -=item uu encoding and decoding +-I FILEHANDLE, -I EXPR, -I, binmode FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown +LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen +HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl +FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, +getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, +getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, +getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, +gethostbyname, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, sethostent +STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, +endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, +getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl +FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat +FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd +ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open +FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select +RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget +KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP, +setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt +SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, +shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET, +socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat +EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen +FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate +FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST, +wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS -=item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding +=back -=item Caesarian ciphers +=item CHANGES -=back +v1.49, 12 August 2002, v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, +v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, +v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April +1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December +1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August +1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998 -=item Hashing order and checksums +=item Supported Platforms -=item I18N AND L10N +=item SEE ALSO -=item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS +=item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS -=item OS ISSUES +=back + +=head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and +localization) =over 4 -=item OS/400 +=item DESCRIPTION -IFS access +=item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES -=item OS/390, z/OS +=item USING LOCALES -chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales +=over 4 -=item VM/ESA? +=item The use locale pragma -=item POSIX-BC? +=item The setlocale function -=back +=item Finding locales -=item BUGS +=item LOCALE PROBLEMS -=item SEE ALSO +=item Temporarily fixing locale problems -=item REFERENCES +=item Permanently fixing locale problems -=item HISTORY +=item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration -=item AUTHOR +=item Fixing system locale configuration -=back +=item The localeconv function -=head2 perlsec - Perl security +=item I18N::Langinfo -=over 4 +=back -=item DESCRIPTION +=item LOCALE CATEGORIES =over 4 -=item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data +=item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation -=item Switches On the "#!" Line +=item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types -=item Cleaning Up Your Path +=item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting -=item Security Bugs +=item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts -=item Protecting Your Programs +=item LC_TIME -=item Unicode +=item Other categories =back -=item SEE ALSO +=item SECURITY -=back +=item ENVIRONMENT -=head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables) +PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, +LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG + +=item NOTES =over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Backward compatibility -=over 4 +=item I18N:Collate obsolete -=item Packages +=item Sort speed and memory use impacts -=item Symbol Tables +=item write() and LC_NUMERIC -=item Package Constructors and Destructors +=item Freely available locale definitions -=item Perl Classes +=item I18n and l10n -=item Perl Modules +=item An imperfect standard -=item Making your module threadsafe +=back + +=item Unicode and UTF-8 + +=item BUGS + +=over 4 + +=item Broken systems =back =item SEE ALSO +=item HISTORY + =back -=head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules +=head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction =over 4 @@ -2610,295 +3318,239 @@ chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales =over 4 -=item PREAMBLE +=item Unicode -B the file, B the file into a directory, B the -module (sometimes unnecessary), B the module +=item Perl's Unicode Support -=back +=item Perl's Unicode Model -=item PORTABILITY +=item Unicode and EBCDIC -=item HEY +=item Creating Unicode -=item AUTHOR +=item Handling Unicode -=item COPYRIGHT +=item Legacy Encodings -=back +=item Unicode I/O -=head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones +=item Displaying Unicode As Text -=over 4 +=item Special Cases -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Advanced Topics -=item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY +=item Miscellaneous -=over 4 +=item Questions With Answers -=item Pragmatic Modules +=item Hexadecimal Notation -attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint, bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes, -charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding, fields, filetest, if, integer, -less, locale, open, ops, overload, re, sigtrap, sort, strict, subs, -threads, utf8, vars, vmsish, warnings, warnings::register +=item Further Resources -=item Standard Modules +=back -AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, -B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug, -B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, -B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, -CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util, -CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA, -Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, -DirHandle, Dumpvalue, Encode, English, Env, Errno, Exporter, -Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM, -ExtUtils::Constant, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, -ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_Any, -ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_DOS, -ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_UWIN, -ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32, -ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, -ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, -ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree, -File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path, -File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions, -File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, -File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, -Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util, -I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, IO, IPC::Open2, -IPC::Open3, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, -Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, -Locale::Script, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::BigInt::Calc, -Math::BigRat, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File, -Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest, -Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT, -Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, -Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, -Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, -PerlIO, PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, -Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, -Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, -Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, -SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, -Storable, Switch, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, -Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Builder, Test::Harness, Test::Harness::Assert, -Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Straps, Test::More, Test::Simple, -Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords, -Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread, Thread::Queue, -Thread::Semaphore, Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, -Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, -Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, -Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32 +=item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS -=item Extension Modules +=item SEE ALSO + +=item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS + +=item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE =back -=item CPAN +=head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl =over 4 -=item Africa +=item DESCRIPTION -South Africa +=over 4 -=item Asia +=item Important Caveats -China, India, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Korea, Philippines, Russian -Federation, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand +Input and Output Layers, Regular Expressions, C still needed to +enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts, BOM-marked scripts and UTF-16 scripts +autodetected, C needed to upgrade non-Latin-1 byte strings -=item Central America +=item Byte and Character Semantics -Costa Rica +=item Effects of Character Semantics -=item Europe +=item Scripts -Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, -Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, -Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, -Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United -Kingdom +=item Blocks -=item North America +=item User-Defined Character Properties -Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec, Mexico +=item Character Encodings for Input and Output -=item United States +=item Unicode Regular Expression Support Level -Alabama, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, -Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, -North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, -Utah, Virginia, ashington, Wisconsin +=item Unicode Encodings -=item Oceania +=item Security Implications of Unicode -Australia, New Zealand +=item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC -=item South America +=item Locales -Argentina, Brazil, Chile +=item When Unicode Does Not Happen -=item RSYNC Mirrors +=item Forcing Unicode in Perl (Or Unforcing Unicode in Perl) + +=item Using Unicode in XS =back -=item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse +=item BUGS =over 4 -=item Guidelines for Module Creation +=item Interaction with Locales -=item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules +=item Interaction with Extensions + +=item Speed -=item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code +=item Porting code from perl-5.6.X =back -=item NOTE +=item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide +=head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms =over 4 -=item INTRODUCTION +=item DESCRIPTION -=item QUICK CHECKLIST +=item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS =over 4 -=item Before you start +=item ASCII -=item The API +=item ISO 8859 -=item Stability +=item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1) -=item Documentation +=item EBCDIC -=item Release considerations +=item 13 variant characters -=back +=item 0037 -=item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE +=item 1047 -=over 4 +=item POSIX-BC -=item Has it been done before? +=item Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points -=item Do one thing and do it well +=item Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC -=item What's in a name? +=item Unicode and UTF + +=item Using Encode =back -=item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE +=item SINGLE OCTET TABLES -=over 4 +recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6 -=item To OO or not to OO? +=item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS -=item Designing your API +=item CONVERSIONS -Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from -output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions, -Parameter passing +=over 4 -=item Strictness and warnings +=item tr/// -=item Backwards compatibility +=item iconv -=item Error handling and messages +=item C RTL =back -=item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE +=item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES -=over 4 +=item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES -=item POD +chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack() -=item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs +=item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES -=back +=item SOCKETS -=item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS +=item SORTING =over 4 -=item Version numbering - -=item Pre-requisites +=item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences. -=item Testing +=item MONO CASE then sort data. -=item Packaging +=item Convert, sort data, then re convert. -=item Licensing +=item Perform sorting on one type of machine only. =back -=item COMMON PITFALLS +=item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS =over 4 -=item Reinventing the wheel +=item URL decoding and encoding -=item Trying to do too much +=item uu encoding and decoding -=item Inappropriate documentation +=item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding -=back +=item Caesarian ciphers -=item SEE ALSO +=back -L, L, L, L, Testing tools, -http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software engineering +=item Hashing order and checksums -=item AUTHOR +=item I18N AND L10N -=back +=item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS -=head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution +=item OS ISSUES =over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item OS/400 -=over 4 +PASE, IFS access -=item Warning +=item OS/390, z/OS -=item What should I make into a module? +chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales -=item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground +=item VM/ESA? -Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again +=item POSIX-BC? -=item Step-by-step: Making the module +=back -Start with F, Use L and L, Use -L, Use L - wisely!, Use L, Write tests, Write the README +=item BUGS -=item Step-by-step: Distributing your module +=item SEE ALSO -Get a CPAN user ID, C, Upload the -tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs! +=item REFERENCES -=back +=item HISTORY =item AUTHOR -=item SEE ALSO - =back -=head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date: -2002/04/07 18:46:13 $) +=head2 perlsec - Perl security =over 4 @@ -2906,46 +3558,29 @@ tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs! =over 4 -=item What is Perl? - -=item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free? - -=item Which version of Perl should I use? - -=item What are perl4 and perl5? - -=item What is perl6? - -=item How stable is Perl? - -=item Is Perl difficult to learn? - -=item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, -Scheme, or Tcl? +=item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data -=item Can I do [task] in Perl? +=item Switches On the "#!" Line -=item When shouldn't I program in Perl? +=item Taint mode and @INC -=item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"? +=item Cleaning Up Your Path -=item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script? +=item Security Bugs -=item What is a JAPH? +=item Protecting Your Programs -=item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms? +=item Unicode -=item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version -5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language? +=item Algorithmic Complexity Attacks =back -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.13 $, -$Date: 2002/04/26 16:56:35 $) +=head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables) =over 4 @@ -2953,596 +3588,655 @@ $Date: 2002/04/26 16:56:35 $) =over 4 -=item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it? - -=item How can I get a binary version of Perl? - -=item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl? - -=item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts -don't work. - -=item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic -loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work? - -=item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN? -What does CPAN/src/... mean? - -=item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl? - -=item Where can I get information on Perl? - -=item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions? - -=item Where should I post source code? - -=item Perl Books - -References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics - -=item Perl in Magazines - -=item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access +=item Packages -=item What mailing lists are there for Perl? +=item Symbol Tables -=item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc +=item BEGIN, CHECK, INIT and END -=item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl? +=item Perl Classes -=item Where do I send bug reports? +=item Perl Modules -=item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org? +=item Making your module threadsafe =back -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 2002/05/06 -13:11:13 $) +=head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones =over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY =over 4 -=item How do I do (anything)? - -=item How can I use Perl interactively? - -=item Is there a Perl shell? - -=item How do I debug my Perl programs? - -=item How do I profile my Perl programs? +=item Pragmatic Modules -=item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs? +assertions, assertions::activate, attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint, +bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding, +fields, filetest, if, integer, less, lib, locale, open, ops, overload, re, +sigtrap, sort, strict, subs, threads, threads::shared, utf8, vars, version, +vmsish, warnings, warnings::register -=item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl? +=item Standard Modules -=item Is there a ctags for Perl? +AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, +B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug, +B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, +B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, +CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util, +CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA, +Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DBM_Filter, DB_File, Data::Dumper, +Devel::DProf, Devel::PPPort, Devel::Peek, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, +Digest::MD5, Digest::base, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, Encode, +Encode::Alias, Encode::Byte, Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CN, +Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::Config, Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Encoder, +Encode::Encoding, Encode::Guess, Encode::JP, Encode::JP::H2Z, +Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::MIME::Header, +Encode::PerlIO, Encode::Supported, Encode::Symbol, Encode::TW, +Encode::Unicode, Encode::Unicode::UTF7, English, Env, Errno, Exporter, +Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM, +ExtUtils::Constant, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, +ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_Any, +ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_DOS, +ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_UWIN, +ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32, +ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, +ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial, +ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish, +ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, +ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, +File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, +File::Glob, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc, +File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, +File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, +FileHandle, Filter::Simple, Filter::Util::Call, FindBin, GDBM_File, +Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util, I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags, +I18N::LangTags::List, I18N::Langinfo, IO, IO::Dir, IO::File, IO::Handle, +IO::Pipe, IO::Poll, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IO::Socket::INET, +IO::Socket::UNIX, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, IPC::SysV, IPC::SysV::Msg, +IPC::SysV::Semaphore, List::Util, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, +Locale::Currency, Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext, +Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Locale::Script, MIME::Base64, +MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, +Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::BigInt::CalcEmu, Math::BigRat, Math::Complex, +Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire, +Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File, +Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Cmd, +Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3, +Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent, +Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO, +PerlIO::encoding, PerlIO::scalar, PerlIO::via, PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint, +Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, +Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, +Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker, Pod::Perldoc::ToMan, Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff, +Pod::Perldoc::ToPod, Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf, Pod::Perldoc::ToText, +Pod::Perldoc::ToTk, Pod::Perldoc::ToXml, Pod::PlainText, Pod::Plainer, +Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike, +Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Scalar::Util, +Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch, +Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, +Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Builder, Test::Harness, +Test::Harness::Assert, Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Straps, +Test::More, Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, +Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread, +Thread::Queue, Thread::Semaphore, Thread::Signal, Thread::Specific, +Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash, +Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::HiRes, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, +Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, +Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32, XS::APItest, XS::Typemap, +XSLoader -=item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor? +=item Extension Modules -Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, OptiPerl, -CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright, -MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha +=back -=item Where can I get Perl macros for vi? +=item CPAN -=item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs? +=over 4 -=item How can I use curses with Perl? +=item Africa -=item How can I use X or Tk with Perl? +South Africa -=item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk? +=item Asia -=item How can I make my Perl program run faster? +China, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Russian Federation, Saudi +Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand -=item How can I make my Perl program take less memory? +=item Central America -Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and -stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk +Costa Rica -=item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data? +=item Europe -=item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks? +Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech +Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, +Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, +Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, +Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom -=item How can I make my CGI script more efficient? +=item North America -=item How can I hide the source for my Perl program? +Canada, Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Mexico, United States, +Alabama, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, +Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, +North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, +Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin -=item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C? +=item Oceania -=item How can I compile Perl into Java? +Australia, New Zealand, United States -=item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]? +=item South America -=item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line? +Argentina, Brazil, Chile -=item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system? +=item RSYNC Mirrors -=item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl? +=back -=item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming? +=item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse -=item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp] +=over 4 -=item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in -my C program; what am I doing wrong? +=item Guidelines for Module Creation -=item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean? +=item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules -=item What's MakeMaker? +=item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code =back -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item NOTE =back -=head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.25 $, $Date: 2002/05/30 -07:04:25 $) +=head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide =over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item INTRODUCTION -=item Data: Numbers +=item QUICK CHECKLIST =over 4 -=item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the -numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)? +=item Before you start -=item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly? +=item The API -=item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()? -Trig functions? +=item Stability -=item How do I convert between numeric representations? +=item Documentation -How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to -hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from -decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert -from decimal to binary +=item Release considerations -=item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to? +=back -=item How do I multiply matrices? +=item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE -=item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers? +=over 4 -=item How can I output Roman numerals? +=item Has it been done before? -=item Why aren't my random numbers random? +=item Do one thing and do it well -=item How do I get a random number between X and Y? +=item What's in a name? =back -=item Data: Dates +=item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE =over 4 -=item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year? - -=item How do I find the current century or millennium? +=item To OO or not to OO? -=item How can I compare two dates and find the difference? +=item Designing your API -=item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds? +Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from +output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions, +Parameter passing -=item How can I find the Julian Day? +=item Strictness and warnings -=item How do I find yesterday's date? +=item Backwards compatibility -=item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant? +=item Error handling and messages =back -=item Data: Strings +=item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE =over 4 -=item How do I validate input? +=item POD -=item How do I unescape a string? +=item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs -=item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters? +perl Makefile.PL, make, make test, make install, perl Build.PL, perl Build, +perl Build test, perl Build install -=item How do I expand function calls in a string? +=back -=item How do I find matching/nesting anything? +=item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS -=item How do I reverse a string? +=over 4 -=item How do I expand tabs in a string? +=item Version numbering -=item How do I reformat a paragraph? +=item Pre-requisites -=item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string? +=item Testing -=item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something? +=item Packaging -=item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a -string? +=item Licensing -=item How do I capitalize all the words on one line? +=back -=item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside -[character]? (Comma-separated files) +=item COMMON PITFALLS -=item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string? +=over 4 -=item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes? +=item Reinventing the wheel -=item How do I extract selected columns from a string? +=item Trying to do too much -=item How do I find the soundex value of a string? +=item Inappropriate documentation -=item How can I expand variables in text strings? +=back -=item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"? +=item SEE ALSO -=item Why don't my <, L, L, L, Packaging Tools, +Testing tools, http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software +engineering -1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be -a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of -the tag +=item AUTHOR =back -=item Data: Arrays +=head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules =over 4 -=item What is the difference between a list and an array? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]? +=over 4 -=item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array? +=item PREAMBLE -a), b), c), d), e) +B the file, B the file into a directory, B the +module (sometimes unnecessary), B the module -=item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or -array? +=back -=item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the -intersection of two arrays? +=item PORTABILITY -=item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal? +=item HEY -=item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true? +=item AUTHOR -=item How do I handle linked lists? +=item COPYRIGHT -=item How do I handle circular lists? +=back -=item How do I shuffle an array randomly? +=head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution -=item How do I process/modify each element of an array? +=over 4 -=item How do I select a random element from an array? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item How do I permute N elements of a list? +=over 4 -=item How do I sort an array by (anything)? +=item Warning -=item How do I manipulate arrays of bits? +=item What should I make into a module? -=item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes? +=item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground + +Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again + +=item Step-by-step: Making the module + +Start with F or F, Use L and +L, Use L, Use L - wisely!, +Use L, Write tests, Write the README + +=item Step-by-step: Distributing your module + +Get a CPAN user ID, C, Upload the +tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs! =back -=item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays) +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution =over 4 -=item How do I process an entire hash? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over -it? +=over 4 -=item How do I look up a hash element by value? +=item DOCUMENTATION -=item How can I know how many entries are in a hash? +L, L and L, +L and L, L, +L, L, L, +L -=item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)? +=item CONVERTORS -=item How can I always keep my hash sorted? +L, L, L -=item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes? +=item Administration -=item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction? +L -=item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through? +=item Development -=item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes? +L, L, L and L, +L, L, L -=item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file? +=item SEE ALSO -=item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it? +=back -=item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create -it? +=back -=item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or -array of hashes or arrays? +=head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator -=item How can I use a reference as a hash key? +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Layout + +B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref =back -=item Data: Misc +=item Using The Back Ends =over 4 -=item How do I handle binary data correctly? +=item The Cross Referencing Back End -=item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float? +i, &, s, r -=item How do I keep persistent data across program calls? +=item The Decompiling Back End -=item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure? +=item The Lint Back End -=item How do I define methods for every class/object? +=item The Simple C Back End -=item How do I verify a credit card checksum? +=item The Bytecode Back End -=item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code? +=item The Optimized C Back End =back -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item Module List for the Compiler Suite + +B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, +B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, +B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref + +=item KNOWN PROBLEMS + +=item AUTHOR =back -=head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.18 $, $Date: 2002/05/30 -07:04:25 $) +=head2 perlfilter - Source Filters =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over 4 - -=item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this? +=item CONCEPTS -=item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a -line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file? +=item USING FILTERS -=item How do I count the number of lines in a file? +=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER -=item How do I make a temporary file name? +=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C -=item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files? +B -=item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass -filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles? +=item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE -=item How can I use a filehandle indirectly? +=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL -=item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()? +=item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER -=item How can I write() into a string? +=item CONCLUSION -=item How can I output my numbers with commas added? +=item THINGS TO LOOK OUT FOR -=item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename? +Some Filters Clobber the C Handle -=item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out? +=item REQUIREMENTS -=item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>? +=item AUTHOR -=item Is there a leak/bug in glob()? +=item Copyrights -=item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks? +=back -=item How can I reliably rename a file? +=head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program -=item How can I lock a file? +=over 4 -=item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in -the file. How can I do this? +=over 4 -=item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a -file. Do I still have to use locking? +=item PREAMBLE -=item How do I randomly update a binary file? +B, B, B, B, B -=item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl? +=item ROADMAP -=item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl? +=item Compiling your C program -=item How do I print to more than one file at once? +=item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program -=item How can I read in an entire file all at once? +=item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program -=item How can I read in a file by paragraphs? +=item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program -=item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard? +=item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program -=item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle? +=item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program -=item How do I do a C in perl? +=item Maintaining a persistent interpreter -=item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl? +=item Execution of END blocks -=item How do I close a file descriptor by number? +=item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances -=item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't -`C:\temp\foo.exe` work? +=item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C +program -=item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files? +=back -=item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber -protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl? +=item Embedding Perl under Win32 -=item How do I select a random line from a file? +=item Hiding Perl_ -=item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines? +=item MORAL -=back +=item AUTHOR -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item COPYRIGHT =back -=head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.12 $, $Date: 2002/06/01 -22:31:09 $) +=head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION +=item Debugger Internals + =over 4 -=item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible -and unmaintainable code? +=item Writing Your Own Debugger -Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters +=back -=item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong? +=item Frame Listing Output Examples -=item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on -different lines? +=item Debugging regular expressions -=item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong? +=over 4 -=item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving -case on the RHS? +=item Compile-time output -=item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets? +C I C I, C I C +I, C, C, C +I, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C -=item How can I match a locale-smart version of C? +=item Types of nodes -=item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex? +=item Run-time output -=item What is C really for? +=back -=item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a -file? +=item Debugging Perl memory usage -=item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text? +=over 4 -=item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it? +=item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}> -=item How do I process each word on each line? +C, Free/Used, C, C, C, C, C -=item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary? +=item Example of using B<-DL> switch -=item How can I do approximate matching? +C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704> -=item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once? +=item B<-DL> details -=item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me? +C, C, C -=item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down? +=item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics -=item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression? +=back -=item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant? +=item SEE ALSO -=item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context? +=back -=item How can I match strings with multibyte characters? +=head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs -=item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user? +=over 4 -=back +=item DESCRIPTION -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item SPECIAL NOTES + +=over 4 + +=item make + +=item Version caveat + +=item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading =back -=head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date: -2002/03/26 15:48:32 $) +=item TUTORIAL =over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item EXAMPLE 1 -=over 4 +=item EXAMPLE 2 -=item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language? +=item What has gone on? -=item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to -use them? +=item Writing good test scripts -=item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and -commas? +=item EXAMPLE 3 -=item How do I skip some return values? +=item What's new here? -=item How do I temporarily block warnings? +=item Input and Output Parameters -=item What's an extension? +=item The XSUBPP Program -=item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators? +=item The TYPEMAP file -=item How do I declare/create a structure? +=item Warning about Output Arguments -=item How do I create a module? +=item EXAMPLE 4 -=item How do I create a class? +=item What has happened here? -=item How can I tell if a variable is tainted? +=item Anatomy of .xs file -=item What's a closure? +=item Getting the fat out of XSUBs -=item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it? +=item More about XSUB arguments -=item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method, -Regex}? +=item The Argument Stack -Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes, -Passing Methods +=item Extending your Extension -=item How do I create a static variable? +=item Documenting your Extension -=item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? -Between local() and my()? +=item Installing your Extension -=item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical -is in scope? +=item EXAMPLE 5 -=item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding? +=item New Things in this Example -=item Why doesn't "my($foo) = ;" work right? +=item EXAMPLE 6 -=item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method? +=item New Things in this Example -=item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()? +=item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon) -=item How do I create a switch or case statement? +=item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon) -=item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods? +=item EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes -=item Why can't a method included in this same file be found? +=item Troubleshooting these Examples -=item How can I find out my current package? +=back -=item How can I comment out a large block of perl code? +=item See also -=item How do I clear a package? +=item Author -=item How can I use a variable as a variable name? +=over 4 -=back +=item Last Changed -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=back =back -=head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date: 2002/05/16 -12:41:42 $) +=head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual =over 4 @@ -3550,894 +4244,1037 @@ is in scope? =over 4 -=item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under? +=item Introduction -=item How come exec() doesn't return? +=item On The Road -=item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse? +=item The Anatomy of an XSUB -Keyboard, Screen, Mouse +=item The Argument Stack -=item How do I print something out in color? +=item The RETVAL Variable -=item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key? +=item Returning SVs, AVs and HVs through RETVAL -=item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard? +=item The MODULE Keyword -=item How do I clear the screen? +=item The PACKAGE Keyword -=item How do I get the screen size? +=item The PREFIX Keyword -=item How do I ask the user for a password? +=item The OUTPUT: Keyword -=item How do I read and write the serial port? +=item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword -lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input +=item The CODE: Keyword -=item How do I decode encrypted password files? +=item The INIT: Keyword -=item How do I start a process in the background? +=item The NO_INIT Keyword -STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies +=item Initializing Function Parameters -=item How do I trap control characters/signals? +=item Default Parameter Values -=item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system? +=item The PREINIT: Keyword -=item How do I set the time and date? +=item The SCOPE: Keyword + +=item The INPUT: Keyword + +=item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords + +=item The C Keyword + +=item Variable-length Parameter Lists + +=item The C_ARGS: Keyword + +=item The PPCODE: Keyword + +=item Returning Undef And Empty Lists + +=item The REQUIRE: Keyword + +=item The CLEANUP: Keyword + +=item The POSTCALL: Keyword + +=item The BOOT: Keyword + +=item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword -=item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second? +=item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword -=item How can I measure time under a second? +=item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword -=item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling) +=item The ALIAS: Keyword -=item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What -does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean? +=item The OVERLOAD: Keyword -=item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl? +=item The FALLBACK: Keyword -=item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()? +=item The INTERFACE: Keyword -=item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems? +=item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword -=item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command? +=item The INCLUDE: Keyword -=item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()? +=item The CASE: Keyword -=item How can I capture STDERR from an external command? +=item The & Unary Operator -=item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails? +=item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives -=item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context? +=item Using XS With C++ -=item How can I call backticks without shell processing? +=item Interface Strategy -=item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, -^Z on MS-DOS)? +=item Perl Objects And C Structures -=item How can I convert my shell script to perl? +=item The Typemap -=item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session? +=item Safely Storing Static Data in XS -=item How can I write expect in Perl? +MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT -=item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as -"ps"? +=back -=item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How -come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my -changes to be visible? +=item EXAMPLES -Unix +=item XS VERSION -=item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to -complete? +=item AUTHOR -=item How do I fork a daemon process? +=back -=item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not? +=head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions -=item How do I timeout a slow event? +=over 4 -=item How do I set CPU limits? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system? +=over 4 -=item How do I use an SQL database? +=item Conventions -=item How do I make a system() exit on control-C? +C, C

, C, C -=item How do I open a file without blocking? +=item File Operations -=item How do I install a module from CPAN? +=item File Input and Output -=item What's the difference between require and use? +=item File Positioning -=item How do I keep my own module/library directory? +=item Memory Management and String Handling -=item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library -search path? +=item Character Class Tests -=item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime? +=item F functions -=item What is socket.ph and where do I get it? +=item Miscellaneous functions =back -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.9 $, $Date: 2002/04/07 18:46:13 -$) +=head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION +=item Variables + =over 4 -=item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script? +=item Datatypes -=item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500 -Server Error) +=item What is an "IV"? -=item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program? +=item Working with SVs -=item How do I remove HTML from a string? +=item Offsets -=item How do I extract URLs? +=item What's Really Stored in an SV? -=item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a -file on another machine? +=item Working with AVs -=item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML? +=item Working with HVs -=item How do I fetch an HTML file? +=item Hash API Extensions -=item How do I automate an HTML form submission? +=item AVs, HVs and undefined values -=item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web? +=item References -=item How do I redirect to another page? +=item Blessed References and Class Objects -=item How do I put a password on my web pages? +=item Creating New Variables -=item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl? +GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN -=item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my -CGI script to do bad things? +=item Reference Counts and Mortality -=item How do I parse a mail header? +=item Stashes and Globs -=item How do I decode a CGI form? +=item Double-Typed SVs -=item How do I check a valid mail address? +=item Magic Variables -=item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string? +=item Assigning Magic -=item How do I return the user's mail address? +=item Magic Virtual Tables -=item How do I send mail? +=item Finding Magic -=item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message? +=item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays -=item How do I read mail? +=item Localizing changes -=item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address? +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, +C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, +C, C, C -=item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups? +=back -=item How do I fetch/put an FTP file? +=item Subroutines -=item How can I do RPC in Perl? +=over 4 -=back +=item XSUBs and the Argument Stack -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs + +=item Memory Allocation + +=item PerlIO + +=item Putting a C value on Perl stack + +=item Scratchpads + +=item Scratchpads and recursion =back -=head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator +=item Compiled code =over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Code tree -=over 4 +=item Examining the tree -=item Layout +=item Compile pass 1: check routines -B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref +=item Compile pass 1a: constant folding + +=item Compile pass 2: context propagation + +=item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization + +=item Pluggable runops =back -=item Using The Back Ends +=item Examining internal data structures with the C functions + +=item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported =over 4 -=item The Cross Referencing Back End +=item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT -i, &, s, r +=item So what happened to dTHR? -=item The Decompiling Back End +=item How do I use all this in extensions? -=item The Lint Back End +=item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads? -=item The Simple C Back End +=item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS -=item The Bytecode Back End +=back -=item The Optimized C Back End +=item Internal Functions -=back +A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, x, m, X, E, b -=item Module List for the Compiler Suite +=over 4 -B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, -B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, -B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref +=item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs -=item KNOWN PROBLEMS +=item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer -=item AUTHOR +=item Source Documentation + +=item Backwards compatibility =back -=head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program +=item Unicode Support =over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item What B Unicode, anyway? -=over 4 +=item How can I recognise a UTF-8 string? -=item PREAMBLE +=item How does UTF-8 represent Unicode characters? -B, B, B, B, B +=item How does Perl store UTF-8 strings? -=item ROADMAP +=item How do I convert a string to UTF-8? -=item Compiling your C program +=item Is there anything else I need to know? -=item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program +=back -=item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program +=item Custom Operators -=item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program +=item AUTHORS -=item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program +=item SEE ALSO -=item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program +=back -=item Maintaining a persistent interpreter +=head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C -=item Execution of END blocks +=over 4 -=item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C -program +An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program -=back +=item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS -=item Embedding Perl under Win32 +call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv -=item MORAL +=item FLAG VALUES -=item AUTHOR +=over 4 -=item COPYRIGHT +=item G_VOID -=back +=item G_SCALAR -=head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging +=item G_ARRAY -=over 4 +=item G_DISCARD -=item DESCRIPTION +=item G_NOARGS -=item Debugger Internals +=item G_EVAL -=over 4 +=item G_KEEPERR -=item Writing Your Own Debugger +=item Determining the Context =back -=item Frame Listing Output Examples +=item KNOWN PROBLEMS -=item Debugging regular expressions +=item EXAMPLES =over 4 -=item Compile-time output +=item No Parameters, Nothing returned -C I C I, C I C -I, C, C, C -I, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C +=item Passing Parameters -=item Types of nodes +=item Returning a Scalar -=item Run-time output +=item Returning a list of values -=back +=item Returning a list in a scalar context -=item Debugging Perl memory usage +=item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list -=over 4 +=item Using G_EVAL -=item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}> +=item Using G_KEEPERR -C, Free/Used, C, C, C, C, C +=item Using call_sv -=item Example of using B<-DL> switch +=item Using call_argv -C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704> +=item Using call_method -=item B<-DL> details +=item Using GIMME_V -C, C, C +=item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries -=item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics +=item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information + +1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of +callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl +callback + +=item Alternate Stack Manipulation + +=item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C =back =item SEE ALSO +=item AUTHOR + +=item DATE + =back -=head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs +=head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=item SPECIAL NOTES +=item "Gimme" Values -=over 4 +GIMME, GIMME_V, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID -=item make +=item Array Manipulation Functions -=item Version caveat +AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill, +av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, +get_av, newAV, sortsv -=item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading +=item Callback Functions -=back +call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, +FREETMPS, LEAVE, SAVETMPS -=item TUTORIAL +=item Character classes -=over 4 +isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, toLOWER, toUPPER -=item EXAMPLE 1 +=item Cloning an interpreter -=item EXAMPLE 2 +perl_clone -=item What has gone on? +=item CV Manipulation Functions -=item Writing good test scripts +CvSTASH, get_cv -=item EXAMPLE 3 +=item Embedding Functions -=item What's new here? +cv_undef, load_module, nothreadhook, perl_alloc, perl_construct, +perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, require_pv -=item Input and Output Parameters +=item Functions in file pp_pack.c -=item The XSUBPP Program +packlist, pack_cat, unpackstring, unpack_str -=item The TYPEMAP file +=item Global Variables -=item Warning about Output Arguments +PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes -=item EXAMPLE 4 +=item GV Functions -=item What has happened here? +GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, +gv_fetchmeth_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashpvn, gv_stashsv -=item Anatomy of .xs file +=item Handy Values -=item Getting the fat out of XSUBs +Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv -=item More about XSUB arguments +=item Hash Manipulation Functions -=item The Argument Stack +get_hv, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, +HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_assert, hv_clear, hv_clear_placeholders, +hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, +hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, +hv_iternext_flags, hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_scalar, hv_store, hv_store_ent, +hv_undef, newHV -=item Extending your Extension +=item Magical Functions -=item Documenting your Extension +mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, +SvGETMAGIC, SvLOCK, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal, +SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSHARE, SvUNLOCK -=item Installing your Extension +=item Memory Management -=item EXAMPLE 5 +Copy, CopyD, Move, MoveD, New, Newc, Newz, Poison, Renew, Renewc, Safefree, +savepv, savepvn, savesharedpv, savesvpv, StructCopy, Zero, ZeroD -=item New Things in this Example +=item Miscellaneous Functions -=item EXAMPLE 6 +fbm_compile, fbm_instr, form, getcwd_sv, new_version, scan_version, strEQ, +strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_nolocking, +sv_nosharing, sv_nounlocking, upg_version, vcmp, vnormal, vnumify, +vstringify -=item New Things in this Example +=item Numeric functions -=item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon) +grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, scan_bin, +scan_hex, scan_oct -=item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon) +=item Optree Manipulation Functions -=item EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes +cv_const_sv, newCONSTSUB, newXS -=item Troubleshooting these Examples +=item Pad Data Structures -=back +pad_sv -=item See also +=item Stack Manipulation Macros -=item Author +dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, EXTEND, MARK, mPUSHi, mPUSHn, mPUSHp, mPUSHu, +mXPUSHi, mXPUSHn, mXPUSHp, mXPUSHu, ORIGMARK, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, +POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHmortal, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, +PUSHu, PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHmortal, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, +XPUSHu, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, +XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_UV, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, +XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES -=over 4 +=item SV Flags -=item Last Changed +svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG -=back +=item SV Manipulation Functions -=back +get_sv, looks_like_number, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, NEWSV, newSViv, +newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, +newSVuv, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, +SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIsCOW, +SvIsCOW_shared_hash, SvIV, SvIVX, SvIVx, SvIV_nomg, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, +SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVx, +SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, +SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte, SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, +SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8, SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, +SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVX, SvPVx, SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, +SvPV_nolen, SvPV_nomg, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, +SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, +SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, +SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVx, SvUVX, SvUV_nomg, SvVOK, sv_2bool, sv_2cv, sv_2io, +sv_2iv_flags, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen, sv_2pvutf8, +sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv_flags, sv_backoff, +sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_flags, +sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpvn_nomg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags, +sv_catsv_mg, sv_catsv_nomg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, +sv_collxfrm, sv_copypv, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal, +sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, +sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_magicext, +sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nv, sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, +sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force, sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, +sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, +sv_replace, sv_report_used, sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, +sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, +sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, +sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, +sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setsv_nomg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, +sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags, +sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode, +sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, +sv_uv, sv_vcatpvf, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vcatpvf_mg, sv_vsetpvf, sv_vsetpvfn, +sv_vsetpvf_mg -=head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual +=item Unicode Support -=over 4 +bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, ibcmp_utf8, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, +is_utf8_string_loc, pv_uni_display, sv_cat_decode, sv_recode_to_utf8, +sv_uni_display, to_utf8_case, to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title, +to_utf8_upper, utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, +utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, +uvuni_to_utf8_flags -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Variables created by C and C internal functions -=over 4 +ax, CLASS, dAX, dITEMS, dUNDERBAR, dXSARGS, dXSI32, items, ix, newXSproto, +RETVAL, ST, THIS, UNDERBAR, XS, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK -=item Introduction +=item Warning and Dieing -=item On The Road +croak, warn -=item The Anatomy of an XSUB +=item AUTHORS -=item The Argument Stack +=item SEE ALSO -=item The RETVAL Variable +=back -=item The MODULE Keyword +=head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B + Perl functions -=item The PACKAGE Keyword +=over 4 -=item The PREFIX Keyword +=item DESCRIPTION -=item The OUTPUT: Keyword +=item CV reference counts and CvOUTSIDE -=item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword +CvWEAKOUTSIDE -=item The CODE: Keyword +=item Functions in file pad.h -=item The INIT: Keyword +CX_CURPAD_SAVE, CX_CURPAD_SV, PAD_BASE_SV, PAD_CLONE_VARS, +PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS, PAD_COMPNAME_GEN, PAD_COMPNAME_OURSTASH, +PAD_COMPNAME_PV, PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE, PAD_DUP, PAD_RESTORE_LOCAL, +PAD_SAVE_LOCAL, PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD, PAD_SETSV, PAD_SET_CUR, +PAD_SET_CUR_NOSAVE, PAD_SV, PAD_SVl, SAVECLEARSV, SAVECOMPPAD, SAVEPADSV -=item The NO_INIT Keyword +=item Functions in file pp_ctl.c -=item Initializing Function Parameters +find_runcv -=item Default Parameter Values +=item Global Variables -=item The PREINIT: Keyword +PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, +PL_rs -=item The SCOPE: Keyword +=item GV Functions -=item The INPUT: Keyword +is_gv_magical -=item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords +=item IO Functions -=item The C Keyword +start_glob -=item Variable-length Parameter Lists +=item Pad Data Structures -=item The C_ARGS: Keyword +CvPADLIST, cv_clone, cv_dump, do_dump_pad, intro_my, pad_add_anon, +pad_add_name, pad_alloc, pad_block_start, pad_check_dup, pad_findlex, +pad_findmy, pad_fixup_inner_anons, pad_free, pad_leavemy, pad_new, +pad_push, pad_reset, pad_setsv, pad_swipe, pad_tidy, pad_undef -=item The PPCODE: Keyword +=item Stack Manipulation Macros -=item Returning Undef And Empty Lists +djSP, LVRET -=item The REQUIRE: Keyword +=item SV Manipulation Functions -=item The CLEANUP: Keyword +find_uninit_var, report_uninit, sv_add_arena, sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, +sv_free_arenas -=item The POSTCALL: Keyword +=item AUTHORS -=item The BOOT: Keyword +=item SEE ALSO -=item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword +=back -=item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword +=head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers. -=item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword +=over 4 -=item The ALIAS: Keyword +=item SYNOPSIS -=item The OVERLOAD: Keyword +=item DESCRIPTION -=item The INTERFACE: Keyword +=over 4 -=item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword +=item History and Background -=item The INCLUDE: Keyword +=item Basic Structure -=item The CASE: Keyword +=item Layers vs Disciplines -=item The & Unary Operator +=item Data Structures -=item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives +=item Functions and Attributes -=item Using XS With C++ +=item Per-instance Data -=item Interface Strategy +=item Layers in action. -=item Perl Objects And C Structures +=item Per-instance flag bits -=item The Typemap +PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR, +PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8, +PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF, +PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS -=item Safely Storing Static Data in XS +=item Methods in Detail -MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT +fsize, name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_RAW, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF, +PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, Pushed, Popped, Open, Binmode, +Getarg, Fileno, Dup, Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof, +Error, Clearerr, Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt, +Set_ptrcnt -=back +=item Utilities -=item EXAMPLES +=item Implementing PerlIO Layers -=item XS VERSION +C implementations, Perl implementations -=item AUTHOR +=item Core Layers + +"unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8" + +=item Extension Layers + +":encoding", ":scalar", ":via" =back -=head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions +=item TODO -=over 4 +=back -=item DESCRIPTION +=head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface. =over 4 -=item Conventions +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION -C, C

, C, C +1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, +B, B, +B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B -=item File Operations +=over 4 -=item File Input and Output +=item Co-existence with stdio -=item File Positioning +B, B, +B, B -=item Memory Management and String Handling +=item "Fast gets" Functions -=item Character Class Tests +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B -=item F functions +=item Other Functions -=item Miscellaneous functions +PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers), +'E' read, 'E' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...) =back -=item SEE ALSO - =back -=head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API +=head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=item Variables +Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the +implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is +the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does +it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is +the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation +tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, +Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words =over 4 -=item Datatypes +=item Keeping in sync -=item What is an "IV"? +rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the +NFS, rsync'ing the patches -=item Working with SVs +=item Why rsync the source tree -=item Offsets +It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more reliable -=item What's Really Stored in an SV? +=item Why rsync the patches -=item Working with AVs +It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start +point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour -=item Working with HVs +=item Working with the source -=item Hash API Extensions +=item Perlbug administration -=item References +=item Submitting patches -=item Blessed References and Class Objects +L, L and L, L, +F, The perl5-porters FAQ -=item Creating New Variables +=item Finding Your Way Around -GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN +Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter -=item Reference Counts and Mortality +=item Elements of the interpreter -=item Stashes and Globs +Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running -=item Double-Typed SVs +=item Internal Variable Types -=item Magic Variables +=item Op Trees -=item Assigning Magic +=item Stacks -=item Magic Virtual Tables +Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack -=item Finding Magic +=item Millions of Macros -=item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays +=item The .i Targets -=item Localizing changes +=item Poking at Perl -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, -C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, -C, C, C +=item Using a source-level debugger -=back +run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue, +finish, 'enter', print -=item Subroutines +=item gdb macro support -=over 4 +=item Dumping Perl Data Structures -=item XSUBs and the Argument Stack +=item Patching -=item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs +=item Patching a core module -=item Memory Allocation +=item Adding a new function to the core -=item PerlIO +=item Writing a test -=item Putting a C value on Perl stack +F, F, F, F, F, F, +F, F, F, F, F, t/base t/comp, +t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib -=item Scratchpads +=item Special Make Test Targets -=item Scratchpads and recursion +coretest, test.deparse, test.taintwarn, minitest, test.valgrind +check.valgrind utest.valgrind ucheck.valgrind, test.third check.third +utest.third ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8 +check.utf8, minitest.utf16 test.utf16, test_harness + +=item Running tests by hand + +PERL_CORE=1, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL=2, PERL, PERL_SKIP_TTY_TEST =back -=item Compiled code +=item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL =over 4 -=item Code tree +=item Rational Software's Purify -=item Examining the tree +=item Purify on Unix -=item Compile pass 1: check routines +-Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity -=item Compile pass 1a: constant folding +=item Purify on NT -=item Compile pass 2: context propagation +DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug -=item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization +=item valgrind -=item Pluggable runops +=item Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree -=back +=item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL -=item Examining internal data structures with the C functions +=item Profiling -=item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported +=item Gprof Profiling -=over 4 +-a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z -=item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT +=item GCC gcov Profiling -=item So what happened to dTHR? +=item Pixie Profiling -=item How do I use all this in extensions? +-h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage, +-z[ero] -=item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads? +=item Miscellaneous tricks -=item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS +=item CONCLUSION -=back +I -=item Internal Functions +=back -A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x +=item AUTHOR -=over 4 +=back -=item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs +=head2 perlbook - Perl book information -=item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer +=over 4 -=item Source Documentation +=item DESCRIPTION =back -=item Unicode Support +=head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List =over 4 -=item What B Unicode, anyway? - -=item How can I recognise a UTF8 string? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters? +=item assertions -=item How does Perl store UTF8 strings? +=item iCOW -=item How do I convert a string to UTF8? +=item (?{...}) closures in regexps -=item Is there anything else I need to know? +=item A re-entrant regexp engine -=back +=item pragmata -=item Custom Operators +=over 4 -=item AUTHORS +=item lexical pragmas -=item SEE ALSO +=item use less 'memory' =back -=head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C +=item prototypes and functions =over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item _ prototype character -An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program +=item inlining autoloaded constants -=item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS +=item Finish off lvalue functions -call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv +=back -=item FLAG VALUES +=item Unicode and UTF8 =over 4 -=item G_VOID +=item Implicit Latin 1 => Unicode translation -=item G_SCALAR +=item UTF8 caching code -=item G_ARRAY +=item Unicode in Filenames -=item G_DISCARD +=item Unicode in %ENV -=item G_NOARGS +=back -=item G_EVAL +=item Regexps -=item G_KEEPERR +=over 4 -=item Determining the Context +=item regexp optimiser optional -=back +=item common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization) -=item KNOWN PROBLEMS +=back -=item EXAMPLES +=item POD =over 4 -=item No Parameters, Nothing returned +=item POD -> HTML conversion still sucks -=item Passing Parameters +=back -=item Returning a Scalar +=item Misc medium sized projects -=item Returning a list of values +=over 4 -=item Returning a list in a scalar context +=item UNITCHECK -=item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list +=item optional optimizer -=item Using G_EVAL +=item You WANT *how* many -=item Using G_KEEPERR +=item lexical aliases -=item Using call_sv +=item no 6 -=item Using call_argv +=item IPv6 -=item Using call_method +=item entersub XS vs Perl -=item Using GIMME_V +=item @INC source filter to Filter::Simple -=item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries +=item bincompat functions -=item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information +=item Use fchown/fchmod internally -1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of -callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl -callback +=item Constant folding -=item Alternate Stack Manipulation +=back -=item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C +=item Tests -=back +=over 4 -=item SEE ALSO +=item Make Schwern poorer -=item AUTHOR +=item test B -=item DATE +=item common test code for timed bailout =back -=head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution +=item Installation =over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item compressed man pages -=over 4 +=item Make Config.pm cope with differences between build and installed perl -=item DOCUMENTATION +=item Relocatable perl -L, L and L, -L and L, L, -L, L, L, -L +=item make HTML install work -=item CONVERTORS +=item put patchlevel in -v -L, L, L +=back -=item Administration +=item Incremental things -L +=over 4 -=item Development +=item autovivification -L, L, L and L, -L, L, L +=item fix tainting bugs -=item SEE ALSO +=item Make tainting consistent -=back +=item Dual life everything =back -=head2 perlfilter - Source Filters - -=over 4 - -=item DESCRIPTION - -=item CONCEPTS - -=item USING FILTERS +=item Vague things -=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER +=over 4 -=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C +=item threads -B +=item POSIX memory footprint -=item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE +=item Optimize away @_ -=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL +=item switch ops -=item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER +=item Attach/detach debugger from running program -=item CONCLUSION +=item A decent benchmark -=item REQUIREMENTS +=item readpipe(LIST) -=item AUTHOR +=item Self ties -=item Copyrights +=back =back -=head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters +=head2 perldoc - Look up Perl documentation in Pod format. =over 4 @@ -4445,831 +5282,756 @@ B =item DESCRIPTION -B, B, B, -B - -=over 4 - -=item The Filter - -=item An Example -- the NULL termination problem. +=item OPTIONS -=item Another Example -- Key is a C int. +B<-h>, B<-v>, B<-t>, B<-u>, B<-m> I, B<-l>, B<-F>, B<-f> +I, B<-q> I, B<-T>, B<-d> +I, B<-o> I, B<-M> I, +B<-w> I or B<-w> I

tag =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES B, B, B, B, -B, B, B, B, -B, B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B, B +B, B, B Return the script +name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, B, B, B, B, B, +B, B, B, B, B, B, B, B =item USING NPH SCRIPTS @@ -10144,7 +11236,7 @@ other) error log =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS -=item CHANGE LOG +=item OVERRIDING THE NAME OF THE PROGRAM =item AUTHORS @@ -10308,6 +11400,8 @@ FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE =item SYNOPSIS +=item STATUS + =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 @@ -10457,11 +11551,35 @@ module =back +=back + +=over 4 + +=item GLOBAL VARIABLES + +=over 4 + +=item $Carp::CarpLevel + +=item $Carp::MaxEvalLen + +=item $Carp::MaxArgLen + +=item $Carp::MaxArgNums + +=item $Carp::Verbose + +=back + +=back + +=over 4 + =item BUGS =back -=head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside +=head2 Carp::Heavy - heavy machinery, no user serviceable parts inside =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree @@ -10524,7 +11642,7 @@ Example 1, Example 2, Example 3 =item DESCRIPTION -myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names) +myconfig(), config_sh(), config_re($regex), config_vars(@names) =item EXAMPLE @@ -10561,82 +11679,84 @@ C, C, C =item d -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, -C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, -C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, @@ -10645,12 +11765,13 @@ C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C =item e @@ -10667,20 +11788,21 @@ C =item g -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, -C, C, C, -C, C, C, -C, C, C, -C, C, C, -C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C =item h -C, C, C, C +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C =item i @@ -10702,12 +11824,16 @@ C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C =item k @@ -10731,8 +11857,9 @@ C, C =item M -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C =item n @@ -10756,8 +11883,8 @@ C, C C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C =item q @@ -10778,16 +11905,19 @@ C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C =item t @@ -10800,23 +11930,27 @@ C C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C =item v C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C =item x -C, C +C =item y @@ -10824,15 +11958,94 @@ C, C =item z -C, C +C, C + +=back + +=item NOTE + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +dynamic, nonxs, static + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item getcwd and friends + +getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd, getdcwd + +=item abs_path and friends + +abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path + +=item $ENV{PWD} + +=back + +=item NOTES + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft, +subject to +change) + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Global Variables + + $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args, +@DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname, +$DB::lineno + +=item API Methods + +CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'), +CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done() + +=item Client Callback Methods + +CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(), +CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(), +CLIENT->output(LIST) =back -=item NOTE +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR =back -=head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory +=head2 DBM_Filter -- Filter DBM keys/values =over 4 @@ -10840,58 +12053,61 @@ C, C =item DESCRIPTION +=item What is a DBM Filter? + =over 4 -=item getcwd and friends +=item So what's new? -getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd +=back -=item abs_path and friends +=item METHODS -abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path +=over 4 -=item $ENV{PWD} +=item $db->Filter_Push() -=back +=item $db->Filter_Key_Push() -=item NOTES +=item $db->Filter_Value_Push() -=item SEE ALSO +Filter_Push, Filter_Key_Push, Filter_Value_Push + +=item $db->Filter_Pop() + +=item $db->Filtered() =back -=head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft, -subject to -change) +=item Writing a Filter =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Immediate Filters -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Canned Filters -=over 4 +"name", params -=item Global Variables +=back - $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args, -@DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname, -$DB::lineno +=item Filters Included -=item API Methods +utf8, encode, compress, int32, null -CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'), -CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done() +=item NOTES -=item Client Callback Methods +=over 4 -CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(), -CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(), -CLIENT->output(LIST) +=item Maintain Round Trip Integrity + +=item Don't mix filtered & non-filtered data in the same database file. =back -=item BUGS +=item EXAMPLE + +=item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR @@ -11057,22 +12273,6 @@ Dumper(I) =item Configuration Variables or Methods -$Data::Dumper::Indent I I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Purity I I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Pad I I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Varname I I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Useqq I I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Terse I I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Freezer I $I->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Toaster I $I->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I $I->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I $I->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Bless I $I->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I $I->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Useperl I $I->Useperl(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Sortkeys I $I->Sortkeys(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Deparse I $I->Deparse(I<[NEWVAL]>) - =item Exports Dumper @@ -11083,6 +12283,12 @@ Dumper =item BUGS +=over 4 + +=item NOTE + +=back + =item AUTHOR =item VERSION @@ -11111,7 +12317,7 @@ Dumper =back -=head2 Devel::PPPort, Perl/Pollution/Portability +=head2 Devel::PPPort - Perl/Pollution/Portability =over 4 @@ -11121,13 +12327,45 @@ Dumper =over 4 +=item Why use ppport.h? + +You should use F in modern code so that your code will work +with the widest range of Perl interpreters possible, without significant +additional work. + +=item How to use ppport.h + +=item Running ppport.h + +=back + +=item FUNCTIONS + +=over 4 + =item WriteFile =back -=item ppport.h +=item COMPATIBILITY -=item AUTHOR +=over 4 + +=item Provided Perl compatibility API + +=item Perl API not supported by ppport.h + +perl 5.9.2, perl 5.9.1, perl 5.9.0, perl 5.8.3, perl 5.8.1, perl 5.8.0, +perl 5.7.3, perl 5.7.2, perl 5.7.1, perl 5.6.1, perl 5.6.0, perl 5.005_03, +perl 5.005, perl 5.004_05, perl 5.004_04, perl 5.004 + +=back + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHORS + +=item COPYRIGHT =item SEE ALSO @@ -11193,7 +12431,7 @@ Dumper =back -=head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests +=head2 Digest - Modules that calculate message digests =over 4 @@ -11206,8 +12444,12 @@ I, I, I =item OO INTERFACE $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx = -Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...), -$ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest +Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $other_ctx = $ctx->clone, $ctx->reset, +$ctx->add( $data, ... ), $ctx->addfile( $io_handle ), $ctx->add_bits( +$data, $nbits ), $ctx->add_bits( $bitstring ), $ctx->digest, +$ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest + +=item Digest speed =item SEE ALSO @@ -11229,8 +12471,9 @@ md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...) =item METHODS -$md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...), -$md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest +$md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->clone, $md5->add($data,...), +$md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->add_bits($data, $nbits), +$md5->add_bits($bitstring), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest =item EXAMPLES @@ -11242,6 +12485,18 @@ $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest =back +=head2 Digest::base - Digest base class + +=over 4 + +=item SYNPOSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles =over 4 @@ -11289,10 +12544,10 @@ compactDump, veryCompact, set, get =item DESCRIPTION @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs, -@dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(), -dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(), -dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(), -bootstrap() +@dl_modules, @dl_shared_objects, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), +dl_expandspec(), dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_load_flags(), +dl_find_symbol(), dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), +dl_install_xsub(), bootstrap() =item AUTHOR @@ -11307,6 +12562,24 @@ Perl code =item DESCRIPTION +=over 4 + +=item Migration from C + +=item Backward compatible boilerplate + +=back + +=item Order of initialization: early load() + +=over 4 + +=item The most hairy case + +=back + +=item LIMITATIONS + =item AUTHOR =back @@ -11350,11 +12623,11 @@ CHECK]); =item Handling Malformed Data -I = Encode::FB_DEFAULT ( == 0), I = Encode::FB_CROAK ( == 1), -I = Encode::FB_QUIET, I = Encode::FB_WARN, perlqq mode -(I = Encode::FB_PERLQQ), HTML charref mode (I = -Encode::FB_HTMLCREF), XML charref mode (I = Encode::FB_XMLCREF), The -bitmask +B Not all encoding suppport this feature, I = +Encode::FB_DEFAULT ( == 0), I = Encode::FB_CROAK ( == 1), I = +Encode::FB_QUIET, I = Encode::FB_WARN, perlqq mode (I = +Encode::FB_PERLQQ), HTML charref mode (I = Encode::FB_HTMLCREF), XML +charref mode (I = Encode::FB_XMLCREF), The bitmask =over 4 @@ -11417,7 +12690,7 @@ reference, e.g.: =back -=head2 Encode::CJKConstants -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_* +=head2 Encode::CJKConstants -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_* =head2 Encode::CN - China-based Chinese Encodings @@ -11465,11 +12738,13 @@ reference, e.g.: =item Methods you should implement --Eencode($string [,$check]), -Edecode($octets [,$check]) +-Eencode($string [,$check]), -Edecode($octets [,$check]), +-Ecat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check]) =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings --Ename, -Enew_sequence, -Eperlio_ok(), -Eneeds_lines() +-Ename, -Erenew, -Erenewed, -Eperlio_ok(), +-Eneeds_lines() =item Example: Encode::ROT13 @@ -11573,12 +12848,10 @@ guess_encoding($data, [, I]) =item How does it work? -=item BUGS +=item Line Buffering =over 4 -=item Workaround - =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ? =back @@ -11725,6 +12998,22 @@ BOM as integer when fetched in network byte order =item Surrogate Pairs +=item Error Checking + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 Encode::Unicode::UTF7 -- UTF-7 encoding + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item ABSTRACT + +=item In Practice + =item SEE ALSO =back @@ -11751,7 +13040,7 @@ reference, e.g.: =back -=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CJKConstants.pm -- +=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CJKConstants.pm -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_* =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by @@ -11773,11 +13062,13 @@ Implementation Base Class =item Methods you should implement --Eencode($string [,$check]), -Edecode($octets [,$check]) +-Eencode($string [,$check]), -Edecode($octets [,$check]), +-Ecat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check]) =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings --Ename, -Enew_sequence, -Eperlio_ok(), -Eneeds_lines() +-Ename, -Erenew, -Erenewed, -Eperlio_ok(), +-Eneeds_lines() =item Example: Encode::ROT13 @@ -11855,12 +13146,10 @@ on Encode and PerlIO =item How does it work? -=item BUGS +=item Line Buffering =over 4 -=item Workaround - =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ? =back @@ -11954,26 +13243,26 @@ C by Ken Lunde =back -=head2 Encode::lib::Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder +=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Unicode::UTF7, Encode::Unicode::UTF7 -- UTF-7 +encoding =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS - use Encode::Encoder; - # Encode::encode("ISO-8859-1", $data); - Encode::Encoder->new($data)->iso_8859_1; # OOP way - # shortcut - use Encode::Encoder qw(encoder); - encoder($data)->iso_8859_1; - # you can stack them! - encoder($data)->iso_8859_1->base64; # provided base64() is defined - # you can use it as a decoder as well - encoder($base64)->bytes('base64')->latin1; - # stringified - print encoder($data)->utf8->latin1; # prints the string in latin1 - # numified - encoder("\x{abcd}\x{ef}g")->utf8 == 6; # true. bytes::length($data) +=item ABSTRACT + +=item In Practice + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 Encode::lib::Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS =item ABSTRACT @@ -12006,10 +13295,32 @@ non-ascii or non-utf8 =item ABSTRACT +=over 4 + +=item Literal Conversions + +=item PerlIO layers for C + +=item Implicit upgrading for byte strings + +=back + +=item FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1 + +"NON-EUC" doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle + =item USAGE use encoding [I] ;, use encoding I [ STDIN =E -I ...] ;, no encoding; +I ...] ;, use encoding I Filter=E1;, no encoding; + +=item The Filter Option + +=over 4 + +=item Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87 + +=back =item CAVEATS @@ -12019,16 +13330,26 @@ I ...] ;, no encoding; =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS -=back +=item tr/// with ranges -=item Non-ASCII Identifiers and Filter option +Legend of characters above -use encoding I Filter=E1; +=back =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl =item KNOWN PROBLEMS +literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format + +=over 4 + +=item The Logic of :locale + +=back + +=item HISTORY + =item SEE ALSO =back @@ -12039,21 +13360,6 @@ use encoding I Filter=E1; =item SYNOPSIS - use Encode::Encoder; - # Encode::encode("ISO-8859-1", $data); - Encode::Encoder->new($data)->iso_8859_1; # OOP way - # shortcut - use Encode::Encoder qw(encoder); - encoder($data)->iso_8859_1; - # you can stack them! - encoder($data)->iso_8859_1->base64; # provided base64() is defined - # you can use it as a decoder as well - encoder($base64)->bytes('base64')->latin1; - # stringified - print encoder($data)->utf8->latin1; # prints the string in latin1 - # numified - encoder("\x{abcd}\x{ef}g")->utf8 == 6; # true. bytes::length($data) - =item ABSTRACT =item Description @@ -12148,6 +13454,8 @@ C, C, C =item Exporting without using Exporter's import method +=item Exporting without inheriting from Exporter + =item Module Version Checking =item Managing Unknown Symbols @@ -12203,6 +13511,8 @@ mkpath directory.. test_f file +dos2unix + =over 4 =item BUGS @@ -12225,6 +13535,14 @@ B =back +B + +B + +B + +B + =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants =over 4 @@ -12310,6 +13628,34 @@ ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules) =item DESCRIPTION +=over 4 + +=item Functions + +B + +=back + +=back + +B I + +B + +B + +_autosplit + +=over 4 + +=item ENVIRONMENT + +B + +=item AUTHOR + +=item LICENSE + =back =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules @@ -12378,7 +13724,7 @@ dynamic extensions at load time =back -=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform agnostic MM methods +=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform-agnostic MM methods =over 4 @@ -12388,39 +13734,77 @@ dynamic extensions at load time =item Inherently Cross-Platform Methods +installvars + +=back + +os_flavor_is + +dir_target B + +blibdirs_target (o) + =over 4 -=item File::Spec wrappers B +=item File::Spec wrappers -canonpath +catfile =back +=over 4 + +=item Thought To Be Cross-Platform Methods + +B + =back -catdir +B -catfile +init_VERSION -curdir +wraplist -file_name_is_absolute +manifypods -path +manifypods_target -rootdir +makemakerdflt_target -updir +special_targets + +POD2MAN_macro + +test_via_harness + +test_via_script + +libscan + +tool_autosplit + +all_target + +metafile_target + +signature_target + +metafile_addtomanifest_target + +signature_addtomanifest_target =over 4 -=item Thought To Be Cross-Platform Methods +=item Abstract methods -test_via_harness +oneliner, B, B, max_exec_len, +B, init_DIRFILESEP, init_linker, init_platform, +platform_constants =back -test_via_script +os_flavor =over 4 @@ -12439,7 +13823,9 @@ ExtUtils::MakeMaker =back -perl_archive +os_flavor (o) + +init_linker =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker @@ -12450,38 +13836,17 @@ ExtUtils::MakeMaker =item DESCRIPTION -canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive - -=back - -=head2 ExtUtils::MM_DOS - DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix - -=over 4 - -=item SYNOPSIS - -=item DESCRIPTION - -=over 4 - -=item Overridden methods - -B - -=back +os_flavor (o) =back -=over 4 - -=item AUTHOR +cflags (o) -=item SEE ALSO +replace_manpage_separator (o) -=back +init_linker -=head2 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in -ExtUtils::MakeMaker +=head2 ExtUtils::MM_DOS - DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix =over 4 @@ -12489,39 +13854,35 @@ ExtUtils::MakeMaker =item DESCRIPTION -=back - -maybe_command - -guess_name +=over 4 -macify +=item Overridden methods -patternify +os_flavor -init_main +=back -init_others +=back -init_dirscan +B -libscan (o) +=over 4 -constants (o) +=item AUTHOR -static (o) +=item SEE ALSO -dlsyms (o) +=back -dynamic (o) +=head2 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS - once produced Makefiles for MacOS Classic -clean (o) +=over 4 -realclean (o) +=item SYNOPSIS -rulez (o) +=item DESCRIPTION -processPL (o) +=back =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker @@ -12534,7 +13895,11 @@ ExtUtils::MakeMaker =back -constants (o) +os_flavor + +init_platform (o), platform_constants + +const_cccmd (o) static_lib (o) @@ -12551,9 +13916,13 @@ ExtUtils::MakeMaker =item METHODS +init_dist (o) + =back -perl_archive_after +init_linker + +os_flavor =head2 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN - U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix @@ -12567,12 +13936,14 @@ perl_archive_after =item Overridden methods -B +os_flavor =back =back +B + =over 4 =item AUTHOR @@ -12595,16 +13966,20 @@ B =over 4 -=item SelfLoaded methods +=item Methods -c_o (o) +os_flavor (o) =back +c_o (o) + cflags (o) clean (o) +clean_subdirs_target + const_cccmd (o) const_config (o) @@ -12615,7 +13990,9 @@ constants (o) depend (o) -dir_target (o) +init_DEST + +init_dist dist (o) @@ -12625,7 +14002,21 @@ dist_ci (o) dist_core (o) -dist_dir +B + +B + +B + +B + +zipfile_target + +uutardist_target + +shdist_target + +distdir dist_test @@ -12661,6 +14052,8 @@ has_link_code init_dirscan +init_DIRFILESEP + init_main init_others @@ -12669,18 +14062,22 @@ init_INST init_INSTALL +init_linker + init_lib2arch init_PERL +init_platform (o), platform_constants (o) + init_PERM +init_xs + install (o) installbin (o) -libscan (o) - linkext (o) lsdir @@ -12691,12 +14088,8 @@ makeaperl (o) makefile (o) -manifypods (o) - maybe_command -maybe_command_in_dirs - needs_linking (o) nicetext @@ -12733,8 +14126,18 @@ quote_paren realclean (o) +realclean_subdirs_target + replace_manpage_separator +oneliner (o) + +quote_literal + +escape_newlines + +max_exec_len + static (o) static_lib (o) @@ -12751,12 +14154,12 @@ test_via_harness (override) test_via_script (override) -tool_autosplit (o) - tools_other (o) tool_xsubpp (o) +all_target + top_targets (o) writedoc @@ -12767,12 +14170,6 @@ xs_cpp (o) xs_o (o) -perl_archive - -perl_archive_after - -export_list - =over 4 =item SEE ALSO @@ -12810,33 +14207,37 @@ find_perl (override) maybe_command (override) -maybe_command_in_dirs (override) - perl_script (override) replace_manpage_separator +init_DEST + +init_DIRFILESEP + init_main (override) init_others (override) +init_platform (override) + +platform_constants + +init_VERSION (override) + constants (override) +special_targets + cflags (override) const_cccmd (override) -pm_to_blib (override) - -tool_autosplit (override) - tool_sxubpp (override) -xsubpp_version (override) - tools_other (override) -dist (override) +init_dist (override) c_o (override) @@ -12844,8 +14245,6 @@ xs_c (override) xs_o (override) -top_targets (override) - dlsyms (override) dynamic_lib (override) @@ -12854,8 +14253,6 @@ dynamic_bs (override) static_lib (override) -manifypods (override) - processPL (override) installbin (override) @@ -12864,9 +14261,11 @@ subdir_x (override) clean (override) +clean_subdirs_target + realclean (override) -dist_core (override) +zipfile_target (o), tarfile_target (o), shdist_target (o) dist_test (override) @@ -12886,6 +14285,24 @@ nicetext (override) prefixify (override) +oneliner (o) + +B (o) + +quote_literal + +escape_newlines + +max_exec_len + +init_linker (o) + +eliminate_macros + +fixpath + +os_flavor + =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker @@ -12897,34 +14314,48 @@ ExtUtils::MakeMaker =back -constants (o) +=over 4 -static_lib (o) +=item Overridden methods -dynamic_bs (o) +B -dynamic_lib (o) +=back -perl_script +replace_manpage_separator -pm_to_blib +B -tool_autosplit (override) +B -tools_other (o) +B -xs_o (o) +B -top_targets (o) +init_platform (o), platform_constants (o) -manifypods (o) +special_targets (o) -dist_ci (o) +static_lib (o) -dist_core (o) +dynamic_lib (o) + +clean + +init_linker + +perl_script + +xs_o (o) pasthru (o) +oneliner (o) + +max_exec_len + +os_flavor + =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win95 - method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X =over 4 @@ -12933,6 +14364,36 @@ pasthru (o) =item DESCRIPTION +=over 4 + +=item Overriden methods + +dist_test + +=back + +=back + +subdir_x + +xs_c + +xs_cpp + +xs_o + +clean_subdirs_target + +realclean_subdirs_target + +max_exec_len + +os_flavor + +=over 4 + +=item AUTHOR + =back =head2 ExtUtils::MY - ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization @@ -12945,7 +14406,7 @@ pasthru (o) =back -=head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile +=head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - Create a module Makefile =over 4 @@ -12978,27 +14439,28 @@ pasthru (o) =item Using Attributes and Parameters ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG, -CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT, -EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN, FULLPERLRUNINST, -FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, -INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT, -INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN, INSTALLSITELIB, INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR, -INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR, INSTALLVENDORARCH, INSTALLVENDORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB, -INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR, INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, -INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDDLFLAGS, LDFROM, LIB, -LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, -MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, +CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DESTDIR, DIR, DISTNAME, DISTVNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, +EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN, +FULLPERLRUNINST, FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, +INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, +INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN, INSTALLSITELIB, +INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR, INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR, INSTALLVENDORARCH, +INSTALLVENDORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB, INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR, +INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, +INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LD, LDDLFLAGS, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, +LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE_OLD, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, +MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_META, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, -PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX, -PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC, +PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLPREFIX, PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, +PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC, PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_PRINT, -PRINT_PREREQ, SITEPREFIX, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VENDORPREFIX, VERBINST, VERSION, -VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION +PRINT_PREREQ, SITEPREFIX, SIGN, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VENDORPREFIX, VERBINST, +VERSION, VERSION_FROM, VERSION_SYM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION =item Additional lowercase attributes -clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test, -tool_autosplit +clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, postamble, realclean, +test, tool_autosplit =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods @@ -13014,8 +14476,14 @@ C< ' '>> make distdir, make disttest, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci +=item Module Meta-Data + =item Disabling an extension +=item Other Handy Functions + +prompt + =back =item ENVIRONMENT @@ -13026,6 +14494,92 @@ PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT =item AUTHORS +=item LICENSE + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions About +MakeMaker + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Module Installation + +How do I keep from installing man pages?, How do I use a module without +installing it? + +=item Philosophy and History + +Why not just use ?, What is +Module::Build and how does it relate to MakeMaker?, pure perl. no make, no +shell commands, easier to customize, cleaner internals, less cruft + +=item Module Writing + +How do I keep my $VERSION up to date without resetting it manually?, What's +this F thing and how did it get in my F?! + +=item XS + +How to I prevent "object version X.XX does not match bootstrap parameter +Y.YY" errors?, How do I make two or more XS files coexist in the same +directory? + +=back + +=item PATCHING + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial - Writing a module with MakeMaker + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item The Mantra + +=item The Layout + +Makefile.PL, MANIFEST, lib/, t/, Changes, README, INSTALL, MANIFEST.SKIP, +bin/ + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes - Version-agnostic bytes.pm + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish - Platform-agnostic vmsish.pm + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + =back =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file @@ -13036,12 +14590,46 @@ PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT =item DESCRIPTION +=over 4 + +=item Functions + +mkmanifest + +=back + +=back + +manifind + +manicheck + +filecheck + +fullcheck + +skipcheck + +maniread + +manicopy + +maniadd + +=over 4 + +=item MANIFEST + =item MANIFEST.SKIP =item EXPORT_OK =item GLOBAL VARIABLES +=back + +=over 4 + =item DIAGNOSTICS C I, C I, C I, @@ -13276,6 +14864,8 @@ $dont_use_nlink, symlinks =item NOTES +=item BUGS AND CAVEATS + =item HISTORY =back @@ -13310,6 +14900,8 @@ C, C =item DESCRIPTION +=item DIAGNOSTICS + =item AUTHORS =back @@ -13330,7 +14922,7 @@ splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs() =item SEE ALSO -=item AUTHORS +=item AUTHOR =back @@ -13344,6 +14936,12 @@ splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs() =back +canonpath + +file_name_is_absolute + +tmpdir (override) + =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs =over 4 @@ -13352,10 +14950,12 @@ splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs() =item DESCRIPTION -canonpath() +=item AUTHORS =back +canonpath() + =over 4 =item SEE ALSO @@ -13430,14 +15030,6 @@ rel2abs =back -canonpath - -splitpath - -splitdir - -catpath - =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs =over 4 @@ -13446,6 +15038,8 @@ catpath =item DESCRIPTION +tmpdir, splitpath + =back =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec @@ -13603,12 +15197,24 @@ catpath =item PORTABILITY -=item SYNOPSIS +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item OO INTERFACE -=item DESCRIPTION +B =back +B + +B + =over 4 =item FUNCTIONS @@ -13659,6 +15265,10 @@ B =back +B + +B + =over 4 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES @@ -13920,9 +15530,14 @@ B<$_>, B<$status>, B and B, B default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt, require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always -(default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix, +(default: disabled), auto_version (default:disabled), auto_help +(default:disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix, prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled) +=item Exportable Methods + +VersionMessage, C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-output>, HelpMessage + =item Return values and Errors =item Legacy @@ -13941,13 +15556,13 @@ prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled) =over 4 -=item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option - =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not supplied =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly +=item Undefined subroutine &main::GetOptions called + =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long? =back @@ -13958,8 +15573,8 @@ supplied =back -=head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch -clustering +=head2 Getopt::Std, getopt, getopts - Process single-character switches +with switch clustering =over 4 @@ -13967,6 +15582,8 @@ clustering =item DESCRIPTION +=item C<--help> and C<--version> + =back =head2 Hash::Util - A selection of general-utility hash subroutines @@ -13991,8 +15608,12 @@ lock_value, unlock_value B, B +B + =over 4 +=item CAVEATS + =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO @@ -14041,6 +15662,9 @@ the function alternate_language_tags($lang1) the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages) +the function implicate_supers( ...languages... ), the function +implicate_supers_strictly( ...languages... ) + =over 4 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING @@ -14055,6 +15679,26 @@ the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages) =back +=head2 I18N::LangTags::Detect - detect the user's language preferences + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item FUNCTIONS + +=item ENVIRONMENT + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages =over 4 @@ -14067,88 +15711,93 @@ the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages) =item LIST OF LANGUAGES -{ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {aa} : -Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)], -{aka} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} : -Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} : -Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} : -Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, [{art} : -Artificial (Other)], {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages], -[{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {ava} : -Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani, -{ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bam} : -Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu -(Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak -(Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} : -Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} : -Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} : -Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} : -Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan, -[{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)], -[{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} : -Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy} -: Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} : -Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic, -{chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} : -Corsican, {cre} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and -pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], -[{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles -and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} : -Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default -(Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {div} : Divehi, {doi} -: Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} : -Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha, -{efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite, -{en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English -(ca.450-1100), {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ewe} : Ewe, {ewo} : -Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} : -Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm} -: Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} : -Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ful} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic, -{gl} : Gallegan, {lug} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez, -{ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500), -{goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} : -Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} : -Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} : -Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian, +{ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {ady} : +Adyghe, {aa} : Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : +Afro-Asiatic (Other)], {ak} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, +{ale} : Aleut, [{alg} : Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], +{am} : Amharic, {i-ami} : Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, +{arc} : Aramaic, {arp} : Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} +: Armenian, {an} : Aragonese, [{art} : Artificial (Other)], {ast} : +Asturian, {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages], [{aus} : +Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {av} : Avaric, {ae} +: Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani, {ban} : +Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bm} : Bambara, [{bai} +: Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu (Other)], {bas} : +Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak (Indonesia), {bej} : +Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} : Bengali, [{ber} : Berber +(Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} : Bikol, {bin} : Bini, +{bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} : Breton, {bug} : +Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} : Buriat, {my} : +Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan, [{cau} : Caucasian +(Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)], [{cai} : Central +American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} : Chamic languages], +{ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy} : Cheyenne, {chb} +: Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} : Chinook Jargon, {chp} : +Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic, {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : +Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} : Corsican, {cr} : Cree, +{mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} +: French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpp} : Portuguese-based +Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : +Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} : Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : +Danish, {dar} : Dargwa, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default (Fallthru) +Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {dv} : Divehi, {doi} : Dogri, +{dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} : Dutch, +{dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha, {efi} +: Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite, {en} : +English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English +(ca.450-1100), {i-enochian} : Enochian (Artificial), {myv} : Erzya, {eo} : +Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ee} : Ewe, {ewo} : Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} +: Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} : Finnish, [{fiu} : +Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm} : Middle French +(ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} : Frisian, {fur} : +Friulian, {ff} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic, {gl} : Gallegan, +{lg} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez, {ka} : Georgian, +{de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500), {goh} : Old High +German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} : Gilbertese, {gon} +: Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} : Grebo, {grc} : Ancient +Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} : Gujarati, {gwi} : +Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ht} : Haitian, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian, {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} : Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian, -{hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {ibo} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo, -{ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)], -{id} : Indonesian, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language -Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira} -: Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} : -Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} : -Japanese, {jw} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian, -{kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} : -Kannada, {kau} : Kanuri, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} : -Kashmiri, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi} -: Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu, -{rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi, -{kon} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} : -Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru} -: Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba, -{lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} : -Lezghian, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {loz} : -Lozi, {lub} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} : -Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian, -{mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} : -Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu, -{mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo -languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} : -Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men} -: Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} : -Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} : -Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul} -: Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {na} : -Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} : -Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} : +{hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {io} : Ido, {ig} : Igbo, +{ijo} : Ijo, {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European +(Other)], {id} : Indonesian, {inh} : Ingush, {ia} : Interlingua +(International Auxiliary Language Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : +Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira} : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : +Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} : Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian +languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} : Japanese, {jv} : Javanese, {jrb} : +Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian, {kbd} : Kabardian, {kab} : Kabyle, +{kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {xal} : Kalmyk, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} : +Kannada, {kr} : Kanuri, {krc} : Karachay-Balkar, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} +: Karen, {ks} : Kashmiri, {csb} : Kashubian, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, +{kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi} : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, +{ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu, {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, +{i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi, {kg} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : +Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} : Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, +{kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru} : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : +Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba, {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : +Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} : Lezghian, {li} : Limburgish, {ln} : +Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {art-lojban} : Lojban +(Artificial), {loz} : Lozi, {lu} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} +: Luiseno, {lun} : Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, +{mk} : Macedonian, {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, +{mak} : Makasar, {mg} : Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : +Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu, {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : +Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : +Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} : Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, +[{myn} : Mayan languages], {men} : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : +Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} : Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : +Mohawk, {mdf} : Moksha, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} : Mon-Khmer (Other)], +{lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul} : Multiple +languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {nap} : Neapolitan, +{na} : Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, +{ng} : Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} : Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean, -{non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {se} : Northern Sami, -{no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub} -: Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro, -{nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oji} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya, -{om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian +{nog} : Nogai, {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {no} : +Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub} : +Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro, {nzi} +: Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oj} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya, {om} : +Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} : Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} : Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian @@ -14158,34 +15807,37 @@ Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan, [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} : Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan -languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)], -{sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} : -Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup, -[{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan, -{sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika, -{sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} : -Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)], -{sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} : -Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern -Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es} -: Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} : -Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} : -Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} : -Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te} -: Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig} -: Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit, -{tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga -(Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} : -Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish -(1500-1928), {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi, -{uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} : -Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ven} : Venda, {vi} : -Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages], -{wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof, -{x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut, -{yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik -languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} : -Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni +languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, {se} : Northern Sami, {sma} : +Southern Sami, {smn} : Inari Sami, {smj} : Lule Sami, {sms} : Skolt Sami, +[{smi} : Sami languages (Other)], {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : +Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} : Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, +{sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup, [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, +{srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan, {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign +Languages, {bla} : Siksika, {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : +Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} : Siouan languages], {den} : Slave +(Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)], {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, +{sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} : Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : +Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : +South American Indian (Other)], {es} : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : +Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} : Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, +{sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} : Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : +Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} : Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, +{tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te} : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : +Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig} : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : +Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit, {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, +{tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, +{ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} : Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, [{tup} : +Tupi languages], {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928), {crh} +: Crimean Turkish, {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : +Twi, {udm} : Udmurt, {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, +{umb} : Umbundu, {und} : Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : +Vai, {ve} : Venda, {vi} : Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} +: Wakashan languages], {wa} : Walloon, {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} +: Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof, {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private +Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut, {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {ii} : +Sichuan Yi, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik languages], {znd} +: Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} : Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, +{zun} : Zuni =item SEE ALSO @@ -14225,6 +15877,8 @@ Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni =item DESCRIPTION +=item DEPRECATED + =back =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles @@ -14236,7 +15890,7 @@ Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni =item DESCRIPTION new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (), -rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ] +rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ] =item SEE ALSO @@ -14260,7 +15914,8 @@ new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile =item METHODS -open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ) +open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS ), binmode( +[LAYER] ) =item SEE ALSO @@ -14376,7 +16031,7 @@ new ( [ HANDLES ] ) add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), -count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] ) +count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] ) =item EXAMPLE @@ -14474,7 +16129,7 @@ handles =item DESCRIPTION new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (), -rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ] +rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ] =item SEE ALSO @@ -14498,7 +16153,8 @@ new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile =item METHODS -open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ) +open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS ), binmode( +[LAYER] ) =item SEE ALSO @@ -14617,7 +16273,7 @@ new ( [ HANDLES ] ) add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), -count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] ) +count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] ) =item EXAMPLE @@ -14892,8 +16548,9 @@ general-utility scalar subroutines =item DESCRIPTION -blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, openhandle FH, reftype -EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF +blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR, +looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR, +set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF =item KNOWN BUGS @@ -15037,7 +16694,7 @@ http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html =back -=head2 Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization +=head2 Locale::Maketext - framework for localization =over 4 @@ -15174,7 +16831,7 @@ http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/ =item DESCRIPTION -encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str) +encode_base64($str), encode_base64($str, $eol);, decode_base64($str) =item DIAGNOSTICS @@ -15184,6 +16841,8 @@ Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data =item COPYRIGHT +=item SEE ALSO + =back =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding @@ -15195,10 +16854,13 @@ of quoted-printable strings =item DESCRIPTION -encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str); +encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), encode_qp($str, $eol, $binmode), +decode_qp($str); =item COPYRIGHT +=item SEE ALSO + =back =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable @@ -15210,10 +16872,13 @@ strings =item DESCRIPTION -encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str); +encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), encode_qp($str, $eol, $binmode), +decode_qp($str); =item COPYRIGHT +=item SEE ALSO + =back =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package @@ -15257,10 +16922,12 @@ ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale =item BUGS -=item CAVEAT +=item CAVEATS stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow +=item SEE ALSO + =item LICENSE =item AUTHORS @@ -15275,7 +16942,7 @@ stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow =item DESCRIPTION -Canonical notation, Input, Output +Input, Output =item METHODS @@ -15285,6 +16952,8 @@ Canonical notation, Input, Output =item accuracy +=item precision + =item brsft =item new @@ -15299,10 +16968,10 @@ Canonical notation, Input, Output =item is_one()/is_zero()/is_nan()/is_inf() -=item is_positive()/is_negative() +=item is_pos()/is_neg() - $x->is_positive(); # true if >= 0 - $x->is_negative(); # true if < 0 + $x->is_pos(); # true if > 0 + $x->is_neg(); # true if < 0 =item is_odd()/is_even()/is_int() @@ -15312,7 +16981,7 @@ Canonical notation, Input, Output =item sign -=item bcmp +=item digit =item bneg @@ -15380,7 +17049,7 @@ Canonical notation, Input, Output =item copy -=item as_number +=item as_int =item bsstr @@ -15409,6 +17078,10 @@ Remarks =back +=item Infinity and Not a Number + +oct()/hex(), log(-inf), exp(), cos(), sin(), atan2() + =item INTERNALS =over 4 @@ -15451,13 +17124,14 @@ bsqrt(), div(), blog() =item BUGS -Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior 5.6.0 +broot() does not work, Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior +5.6.0 =item CAVEATS -stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity -handling, Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object -types, bsqrt(), brsft() +bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity handling, +Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object types, +bsqrt(), brsft() =item LICENSE @@ -15475,7 +17149,9 @@ types, bsqrt(), brsft() =item DESCRIPTION -=item EXPORT +=item STORAGE + +=item METHODS =item WRAP YOUR OWN @@ -15491,7 +17167,39 @@ the same terms as Perl itself. =back -=head2 Math::BigRat - arbitrarily big rationals +=head2 Math::BigInt::CalcEmu - Emulate low-level math with BigInt code + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item METHODS + +=over 4 + +=item __emu_bxor + +=item __emu_band + +=item __emu_bior + +=back + +=item LICENSE + +This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it +under +the same terms as Perl itself. + +=item AUTHORS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 Math::BigRat - Arbitrary big rational numbers =over 4 @@ -15519,7 +17227,11 @@ the same terms as Perl itself. =item parts() -=item as_number() +=item as_int() + +=item as_hex() + +=item as_bin() =item bfac() @@ -15527,10 +17239,42 @@ the same terms as Perl itself. =item bround()/round()/bfround() +=item bmod() + +=item is_one() + +=item is_zero() + +=item is_pos() + +=item is_neg() + +=item is_int() + +=item is_odd() + +=item is_even() + +=item bceil() + +=item bfloor() + + $x->bfloor(); + +=item bsqrt() + + $x->bsqrt(); + +=item config + =back =item BUGS +inf handling (partial), NaN handling (partial), rounding (not implemented +except for bceil/bfloor), $x ** $y where $y is not an integer, bmod(), +blog(), bmodinv() and bmodpow() (partial) + =item LICENSE =item SEE ALSO @@ -15771,7 +17515,8 @@ C, C, C =back -=head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch +=head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT (et al) that allows method +redispatch =over 4 @@ -15785,6 +17530,10 @@ C, C, C =item Avoiding repetitions +=item Invoking all versions of a method with a single call + +=item Using C methods + =back =item AUTHOR @@ -15812,7 +17561,7 @@ dataend () debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ... ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (), -ungetline ( TEXT ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh () +ungetline ( TEXT ), rawdatasend ( DATA ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh () =item EXPORTS @@ -15871,23 +17620,23 @@ hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain () =item CONSTRUCTOR -new (HOST [,OPTIONS]) +new ([ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ]) =item METHODS login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]), -site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS]) -ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME -), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR ), -mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get ( -REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] -), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [, -REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported ( -CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR -] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe ( -FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, -DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), -pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit () +site (ARGS), ascii, binary, rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME +), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR [, +RECURSE ]), mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), alloc ( SIZE [, RECORD_SIZE] ), ls ( +[ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get ( REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), +put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE +] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), +size ( FILE ), supported ( CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ +BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), +stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe ( FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (), +pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique ( +SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ), +abort (), quit () =over 4 @@ -15904,7 +17653,7 @@ bytes_read (), abort (), close () =item UNIMPLEMENTED -B, B, B, B, B, B, B, B +B, B, B, B, B, B, B =item REPORTING BUGS @@ -15914,7 +17663,7 @@ B, B, B, B, B, B, B, B =item USE EXAMPLES -http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/autoftp-2.0.tar.gz +http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/ =item CREDITS @@ -15978,18 +17727,17 @@ MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C =item DESCRIPTION -=item EXAMPLES - =item CONSTRUCTOR -new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] ) +new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ] 0 =item METHODS -user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [, -PASS ]] ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM -[, FH ] ), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [ -MSGNUM ] ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit () +auth ( USERNAME, PASSWORD ), user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER +[, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), banner (), capa (), capabilities +(), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM [, FH ] +), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [ MSGNUM ] +), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit () =item NOTES @@ -16013,19 +17761,21 @@ MSGNUM ] ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit () =item Functions -Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [, -$timeout]);, $p->source_verify( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->hires( { 0 | 1 } );, -$p->bind($local_addr);, $p->open($host);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, -$timeout]); +Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes [, $device [, $tos +]]]]]);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);, $p->source_verify( { 0 | 1 } );, +$p->service_check( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->tcp_service_check( { 0 | 1 } );, +$p->hires( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->open($host);, $p->ack( +[ $host ] );, $p->nack( $failed_ack_host );, $p->close();, pingecho($host +[, $timeout]); =back -=item WARNING - =item NOTES =item INSTALL +=item BUGS + =item AUTHORS =item COPYRIGHT @@ -16044,17 +17794,17 @@ $timeout]); =item CONSTRUCTOR -new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] +new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ] ) =item METHODS -banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth ( USERNAME, -PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail ( -ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [, -ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc ( -ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [ -DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ), -quit () +banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), host (), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth ( +USERNAME, PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), +send_or_mail ( ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( +ADDRESS [, ADDRESS, [...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] +), cc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), +data ( [ DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ +$subject ] ), quit () =item ADDRESSES @@ -16432,17 +18182,17 @@ cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv, execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror, fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf, fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos, -fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid, -getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid, -getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty, -iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper, -isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10, -longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, -memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open, -opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts, -qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind, -rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid, -setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp, +fstat, fsync, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, +geteuid, getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, +getppid, getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, +isatty, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, +isupper, isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, +log, log10, longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, +memcmp, memcpy, memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, +offsetof, open, opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, +putchar, puts, qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, +rewind, rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, +setsid, setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp, sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat, strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen, strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod, @@ -16458,7 +18208,7 @@ wctomb, write =item POSIX::SigAction -new +new, handler, mask, flags, safe =item POSIX::SigSet @@ -16550,14 +18300,20 @@ name space =item DESCRIPTION -unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, bytes, raw, pop +:unix, :stdio, :perlio, :crlf, :mmap, :utf8, :bytes, :raw, :pop, :win32 =over 4 +=item Custom Layers + +:encoding, :via + =item Alternatives to raw =item Defaults and how to override them +=item Querying the layers of filehandles + =back =item AUTHOR @@ -16578,7 +18334,7 @@ unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, bytes, raw, pop =back -=head2 PerlIO::scalar - support module for in-memory IO. +=head2 PerlIO::scalar - in-memory IO, scalar IO =over 4 @@ -16586,6 +18342,8 @@ unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, bytes, raw, pop =item DESCRIPTION +=item IMPLEMENTATION NOTE + =back =head2 PerlIO::via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl @@ -16599,13 +18357,13 @@ unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, bytes, raw, pop =item EXPECTED METHODS $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]), -$obj->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $obj->BINMODE([,$fh]), -$obj->FDOPEN($fd[,$fh]), $obj->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,[,$fh]), -$obj->FILENO($fh), $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), -$obj->FILL($fh), $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), -$obj->TELL($fh), $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), -$obj->SETLINEBUF($fh), $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), -$obj->EOF($fh) +$obj->UTF8($bellowFlag,[$fh]), $obj->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), +$obj->BINMODE([,$fh]), $obj->FDOPEN($fd[,$fh]), +$obj->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,[,$fh]), $obj->FILENO($fh), +$obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh), +$obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh), +$obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh), +$obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh) =item EXAMPLES @@ -16625,8 +18383,12 @@ $obj->EOF($fh) =item DESCRIPTION +=item REQUIRED MODULES + =item SEE ALSO +=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS + =item COPYRIGHT =back @@ -16672,7 +18434,8 @@ whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I vs. I), I unescaped CE> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph, -Verbatim paragraph in NAME section +Verbatim paragraph in NAME section, =headI without preceding higher +level =item Hyperlinks @@ -16696,6 +18459,8 @@ C<$checker-Epoderror( @args )>, C<$checker-Epoderror( {%opts}, C<$checker-Enum_errors()> +C<$checker-Enum_warnings()> + C<$checker-Ename()> C<$checker-Enode()> @@ -16768,9 +18533,9 @@ C<-inc =E 1>, C<-dirs =E [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E =item ARGUMENTS -backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index, -infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse, -title, verbose +backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, hiddendirs, htmldir, +htmlroot, index, infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, +quiet, recurse, title, verbose =item EXAMPLE @@ -17497,27 +19262,184 @@ I|I =back -=over 4 +=over 4 + +=item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item B<_push_input_stream()> + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item B<_pop_input_stream()> + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item TREE-BASED PARSING + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker - let Perldoc check Pod for errors + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToMan - let Perldoc render Pod as man pages + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item CAVEAT + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff - let Perldoc convert Pod to nroff + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item CAVEAT + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToPod - let Perldoc render Pod as ... Pod! + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf - let Perldoc render Pod as RTF + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToText - let Perldoc render Pod as plaintext + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item CAVEAT + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToTk - let Perldoc use Tk::Pod to render Pod + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToXml - let Perldoc render Pod as XML + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS -=item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA +=item AUTHOR =back +=head2 Pod::PlainText - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text + =over 4 -=item B<_push_input_stream()> +=item SYNOPSIS -=back +=item DESCRIPTION -=over 4 +alt, indent, loose, sentence, width -=item B<_pop_input_stream()> +=item DIAGNOSTICS -=back +Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Unknown escape: %s, +Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back -=over 4 +=item RESTRICTIONS -=item TREE-BASED PARSING +=item NOTES =item SEE ALSO @@ -17660,7 +19582,7 @@ B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges> =item DESCRIPTION -alt, code, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width +alt, code, indent, loose, margin, quotes, sentence, width =item DIAGNOSTICS @@ -17767,83 +19689,6 @@ C<-pathlist> =back -=head2 Pod::t::basic, basic.pod - Test of various basic POD features in -translators. - -=over 4 - -=item HEADINGS - -=item This C a "level 1" heading - -=over 4 - -=item ``Level'' "2 I - -=back - -=item This C a "level 1" heading - -=over 4 - -=item ``Level'' 2 I - -=back - -=item LINKS - -=item OVER AND ITEMS - -This is a test, a, b, a, b, c, d, "foo", B, C, Some longer item -text - -=item FORMATTING CODES - -E, E, E, E, E, E - -=item VERBATIM - -=item CONCLUSION - -=back - -=head2 Pod::t::htmlescp, Escape Sequences Test - -=over 4 - -=item DESCRIPTION - -=back - -=head2 Pod::t::htmlview, Test HTML Rendering - -=over 4 - -=item SYNOPSIS - -=item DESCRIPTION - -=item METHODS =E OTHER STUFF - -=over 4 - -=item new() - -foo, bar, baz, C Cat, Sat S the>, MatE!E, 1 Cat, 2 -Sat, 3 Mat - -=item old() - -=back - -=item TESTING FOR AND BEGIN - -=item TESTING URLs hyperlinking - -=item SEE ALSO - -=back - =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files =over 4 @@ -17907,8 +19752,9 @@ Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes =item DESCRIPTION -blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, openhandle FH, reftype -EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF +blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR, +looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR, +set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF =item KNOWN BUGS @@ -17976,10 +19822,16 @@ EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF =over 4 -=item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX +=item Caveats + +=item Escaping Magic Characters + +=item Configuration =back +=item BUGS + =item AUTHOR =back @@ -18017,6 +19869,8 @@ SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION +=item CODE REFERENCES + =item FORWARD COMPATIBILITY utf8 data, restricted hashes, files from future versions of Storable @@ -18095,7 +19949,7 @@ C =item BUGS -=item LIMITATION +=item LIMITATIONS =item COPYRIGHT @@ -18109,6 +19963,8 @@ C =item DESCRIPTION +=item BUGS + =back =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname @@ -18251,8 +20107,8 @@ EtabE, ^D, ^U, EdelE, EbsE =back -=head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C packages. If -no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions. +=head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C packages. +If no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions. =over 4 @@ -18262,8 +20118,8 @@ no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions. =item Minimal set of supported functions -C, C, C, C, C, $C, -C, C, Attribs, C +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, Attribs, C =item Additional supported functions @@ -18285,11 +20141,14 @@ C, C, C =item DESCRIPTION +=item QUICK START GUIDE + =over 4 =item Functions -B +C, C I>, C [I<1,5,14>]>, +C sub { ... }>, C \&some_sub> =back @@ -18297,7 +20156,9 @@ B B<_to_value> -B +C + +C, I)> =over 4 @@ -18309,6 +20170,8 @@ NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS =item BUGS and CAVEATS +=item ENVIRONMENT + =item NOTE =item SEE ALSO @@ -18335,6 +20198,8 @@ B =back +B + =over 4 =item Setting up tests @@ -18349,6 +20214,8 @@ B B +B + B =over 4 @@ -18399,6 +20266,8 @@ B B<_print> +B<_print_diag> + B, B, B =over 4 @@ -18411,7 +20280,9 @@ B B -B
I, B +B
+ +B B @@ -18423,6 +20294,8 @@ B<_my_exit> =over 4 +=item EXIT CODES + =item THREADS =item EXAMPLES @@ -18435,7 +20308,13 @@ B<_my_exit> =back -=head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics +=head2 Test::Harness - Run Perl standard test scripts with statistics + +=over 4 + +=item VERSION + +=back =over 4 @@ -18455,7 +20334,7 @@ else> =item Configuration variables. -B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches> +B<$Test::Harness::Verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches> =item Failure @@ -18494,7 +20373,8 @@ C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C =item EXAMPLE @@ -18503,10 +20383,16 @@ C, C =item AUTHORS +=item LICENSE + =item TODO =item BUGS +=item AUTHORS + +=item COPYRIGHT + =back =head2 Test::Harness::Assert - simple assert @@ -18517,11 +20403,11 @@ C, C =item DESCRIPTION -=over 4 +=item FUNCTIONS -=item Functions +=over 4 -B +=item C =back @@ -18543,6 +20429,14 @@ B =item DESCRIPTION +=over 4 + +=item new() + +=item next() + +=back + =back =head2 Test::Harness::Straps - detailed analysis of test results @@ -18553,59 +20447,133 @@ B =item DESCRIPTION -=over 4 - =item Construction -B +=over 4 + +=item C =back =back -B<_init> +=over 4 + +=item C<_init> + +=back =over 4 =item Analysis -B +=over 4 + +=item C + +=back + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item C + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item C + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item C<_command_line( $file )> + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item C<_command> + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item C<_switches> + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item C<_cleaned_switches> + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item C<_INC2PERL5LIB> =back -B +=over 4 -B +=item C<_filtered_INC> -B<_switches> +=back -B<_INC2PERL5LIB> +=over 4 -B<_filtered_INC> +=item C<_restore_PERL5LIB> -B<_restore_PERL5LIB> +=back =over 4 =item Parsing -B<_is_comment> +=over 4 + +=item C<_is_comment> + +=back + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item C<_is_header> =back -B<_is_header> +=over 4 + +=item C<_is_test> + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item C<_is_bail_out> + +=back -B<_is_test> +=over 4 -B<_is_bail_out> +=item C<_reset_file_state> -B<_reset_file_state> +=back =over 4 =item Results -B<_detailize> +=over 4 + +=item C<_detailize> + +=back =back @@ -18713,12 +20681,11 @@ B =over 4 -=item NOTES +=item EXIT CODES -=item BUGS and CAVEATS +=item CAVEATS and NOTES -Making your own ok(), The eq_* family has some caveats, Test::Harness -upgrades +Backwards compatibility, Overloaded objects, Threads, Test::Harness upgrade =item HISTORY @@ -18726,6 +20693,8 @@ upgrades =item AUTHORS +=item BUGS + =item COPYRIGHT =back @@ -18835,6 +20804,10 @@ L =item C +=item C + +[0], [1], [2] + =item C C $listref>, C $listref>, C $str>, @@ -19079,6 +21052,8 @@ SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST =item C, C, C, and C +=item C + =back =item Tying to an already-opened filehandle @@ -19091,6 +21066,8 @@ SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST =back +=item CONCURRENT ACCESS TO FILES + =item CAVEATS =item SUBCLASSING @@ -19139,13 +21116,14 @@ tied hashes =item DESCRIPTION TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY -this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this +this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR +this, SCALAR this =item Inheriting from B =item Inheriting from B -=item C and C +=item C, C and C =item MORE INFORMATION @@ -19225,20 +21203,29 @@ timers gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [, $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ), -alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer, -getitimer ( $which ) +alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer ( +$which, $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), getitimer ( +$which ) =item EXAMPLES =item C API +=item DIAGNOSTICS + +=over 4 + +=item negative time not invented yet + +=item internal error: useconds < 0 (unsigned ... signed ...) + +=back + =item CAVEATS =item AUTHORS -=item REVISION - -=item COPYRIGHT +=item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back @@ -19250,10 +21237,24 @@ getitimer ( $which ) =item DESCRIPTION +=over 4 + +=item Ambiguous Local Times (DST) + +=item Non-Existent Local Times (DST) + +=item Negative Epoch Values + +=back + =item IMPLEMENTATION =item BUGS +=item SUPPORT + +=item AUTHOR + =back =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime() @@ -19306,8 +21307,11 @@ function =item DESCRIPTION -$obj->isa( TYPE ), CLASS->isa( TYPE ), isa( VAL, TYPE ), $obj->can( METHOD -), CLASS->can( METHOD ), can( VAL, METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ) +C<< $obj->isa( TYPE ) >>, C<< CLASS->isa( TYPE ) >>, C, +C, C<$obj>, C, C, C<< $obj->can( METHOD ) >>, C<< +CLASS->can( METHOD ) >>, C, C + +=item EXPORTS =back @@ -19323,9 +21327,10 @@ $obj->isa( TYPE ), CLASS->isa( TYPE ), isa( VAL, TYPE ), $obj->can( METHOD =item Constructor and Tailoring -alternate, backwards, entry, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level, normalization, -overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table, undefName, -undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower +UCA_Version, backwards, entry, hangul_terminator, ignoreName, ignoreChar, +level, normalization, overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, +table, undefName, undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower, +variable, alternate =item Methods for Collation @@ -19335,21 +21340,28 @@ C<$result = $Collator-Ene($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-Elt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-Ele($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-Egt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-Ege($a, $b)>, C<$sortKey = $Collator-EgetSortKey($string)>, C<$sortKeyForm = -$Collator-EviewSortKey($string)>, C<$position = -$Collator-Eindex($string, $substring)>, C<($position, $length) = -$Collator-Eindex($string, $substring)> +$Collator-EviewSortKey($string)> + +=item Methods for Searching + +C<$position = $Collator-Eindex($string, $substring[, $position])>, +C<($position, $length) = $Collator-Eindex($string, $substring[, +$position])>, C<$match_ref = $Collator-Ematch($string, $substring)>, +C<($match) = $Collator-Ematch($string, $substring)>, C<@match = +$Collator-Egmatch($string, $substring)>, C<$count = +$Collator-Esubst($string, $substring, $replacement)>, C<$count = +$Collator-Egsubst($string, $substring, $replacement)> =item Other Methods -UCA_Version, Base_Unicode_Version +C<%old_tailoring = $Collator-Echange(%new_tailoring)>, C<$version = +$Collator-Eversion()>, C, C =item EXPORT -=item TODO - =item CAVEAT -=item BUGS +=item Conformance Test =back @@ -19357,10 +21369,9 @@ UCA_Version, Base_Unicode_Version =item SEE ALSO -http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr10/, -http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr10/allkeys.txt, -http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/, -http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr18, L +Unicode Collation Algorithm - UTS #10, The Default Unicode Collation +Element Table (DUCET), The conformance test for the UCA, Hangul Syllable +Type, Unicode Normalization Forms - UAX #15, L =back @@ -19378,6 +21389,7 @@ http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr18, L C<$NFD_string = NFD($string)>, C<$NFC_string = NFC($string)>, C<$NFKD_string = NFKD($string)>, C<$NFKC_string = NFKC($string)>, +C<$FCD_string = FCD($string)>, C<$FCC_string = FCC($string)>, C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $string)> =item Decomposition and Composition @@ -19390,6 +21402,7 @@ reorder($string)>, C<$composed_string = compose($string)> C<$result = checkNFD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFC($string)>, C<$result = checkNFKD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFKC($string)>, C<$result = +checkFCD($string)>, C<$result = checkFCC($string)>, C<$result = check($form_name, $string)> =item Character Data @@ -19399,7 +21412,7 @@ C<$compatibility_decomposed = getCompat($codepoint)>, C<$codepoint_composite = getComposite($codepoint_here, $codepoint_next)>, C<$combining_class = getCombinClass($codepoint)>, C<$is_exclusion = isExclusion($codepoint)>, C<$is_singleton = isSingleton($codepoint)>, -C<$is_non_startar_decomposition = isNonStDecomp($codepoint)>, +C<$is_non_starter_decomposition = isNonStDecomp($codepoint)>, C<$may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($codepoint)> =item EXPORT @@ -19410,8 +21423,9 @@ C<$may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($codepoint)> =item SEE ALSO -http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/, -http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt +http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/, +http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt, +http://www.unicode.org/notes/tn5/ =back @@ -19545,45 +21559,31 @@ March 18th, 2000 =back -=head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions +=head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code =over 4 +=item SYNOPSIS + =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 -=item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions +=item Migration from C -Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(), -Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(), -Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE), -Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(), -Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME), -Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME), -Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(), Win32::GetOSName(), -Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE, -PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown, -Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME), -Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID, -SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE), -Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(), -Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetChildShowWindow(SHOWWINDOW), -Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY), Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), -Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS, PID), -Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME) +=item Backward compatible boilerplate =back -=back - -=head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code +=item Order of initialization: early load() =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item The most hairy case -=item DESCRIPTION +=back + +=item LIMITATIONS =item AUTHOR @@ -19598,21 +21598,29 @@ don't all have manual pages yet: =item a2p -=item s2p +=item c2ph -=item find2perl +=item dprofpp =item h2ph -=item c2ph - =item h2xs -=item xsubpp +=item perlbug + +=item perldoc + +=item pl2pm + +=item pod2html =item pod2man -=item wrapsuid +=item s2p + +=item splain + +=item xsubpp =back