X-Git-Url: http://git.shadowcat.co.uk/gitweb/gitweb.cgi?a=blobdiff_plain;f=pod%2Fperltoc.pod;h=0a7987bb367b41db87912586113b98a4446d329a;hb=53273a086103cdbbf7ebdd5f1a18b2c0777cbc1b;hp=604e7f10e8ee894afe974f50692d1e09a0214082;hpb=940adb212947ed440b591a12472a779ec902ee6e;p=p5sagit%2Fp5-mst-13.2.git diff --git a/pod/perltoc.pod b/pod/perltoc.pod index 604e7f1..0a7987b 100644 --- a/pod/perltoc.pod +++ b/pod/perltoc.pod @@ -1,4 +1,8 @@ +# !!!!!!! DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE !!!!!!! +# This file is autogenerated by buildtoc from all the other pods. +# Edit those files and run buildtoc --build-toc to effect changes. + =head1 NAME perltoc - perl documentation table of contents @@ -29,6 +33,8 @@ through to locate the proper section you're looking for. =item Miscellaneous +=item Language-Specific + =item Platform-Specific =back @@ -101,274 +107,270 @@ Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features =back -=head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2002/01/31 -04:27:54 $) +=head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over 4 +=item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures? -=item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ. +=item The Solution -=item L: General Questions About Perl +=item Syntax -=item L: Obtaining and Learning about Perl +=over 4 -=item L: Programming Tools +=item Making References -=item L: Data Manipulation +=item Using References -=item L: Files and Formats +=item An Example -=item L: Regular Expressions +=item Arrow Rule -=item L: General Perl Language Issues +=back -=item L: System Interaction +=item Solution -=item L: Networking +=item The Rest -=back +=item Summary -=item About the perlfaq documents +=item Credits =over 4 -=item Where to get the perlfaq - -=item How to contribute to the perlfaq - -=item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the -authors +=item Distribution Conditions =back -=item Credits +=back -=item Author and Copyright Information +=head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook =over 4 -=item Bundled Distributions +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Disclaimer +arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes, +more elaborate constructs -=back +=item REFERENCES -=item Changes +=item COMMON MISTAKES -1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98, -24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version, -Initial Release: 11/March/97 +=item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE -=back +=item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C -=head2 perlbook - Perl book information +=item DEBUGGING -=over 4 +=item CODE EXAMPLES -=item DESCRIPTION +=item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS -=back +=over 4 -=head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax +=item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS -=over 4 +=item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS -=over 4 +=back -=item Declarations +=item HASHES OF ARRAYS -=item Simple statements +=over 4 -=item Compound statements +=item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS -=item Loop Control +=item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS -=item For Loops +=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS -=item Foreach Loops +=back -=item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements +=item ARRAYS OF HASHES -=item Goto +=over 4 -=item PODs: Embedded Documentation +=item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES -=item Plain Old Comments (Not!) +=item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES -=back +=item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES =back -=head2 perldata - Perl data types +=item HASHES OF HASHES =over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES -=over 4 +=item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES -=item Variable names +=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES -=item Context +=back -=item Scalar values +=item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS -=item Scalar value constructors +=over 4 -=item List value constructors +=item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS -=item Slices +=item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS -=item Typeglobs and Filehandles +=item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS =back +=item Database Ties + =item SEE ALSO +=item AUTHOR + =back -=head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence +=head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 -=item Terms and List Operators (Leftward) +=item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays -=item The Arrow Operator +=item Growing Your Own -=item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement +=item Access and Printing -=item Exponentiation +=item Slices -=item Symbolic Unary Operators +=back -=item Binding Operators +=item SEE ALSO -=item Multiplicative Operators +=item AUTHOR -=item Additive Operators +=back -=item Shift Operators +=head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start -=item Named Unary Operators +=over 4 -=item Relational Operators +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Equality Operators +=item The Guide -=item Bitwise And +=over 4 -=item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or +=item Simple word matching -=item C-style Logical And +=item Using character classes -=item C-style Logical Or +=item Matching this or that -=item Range Operators +=item Grouping things and hierarchical matching -=item Conditional Operator +=item Extracting matches -=item Assignment Operators +=item Matching repetitions -=item Comma Operator +=item More matching -=item List Operators (Rightward) +=item Search and replace -=item Logical Not +=item The split operator -=item Logical And +=back -=item Logical or and Exclusive Or +=item BUGS -=item C Operators Missing From Perl +=item SEE ALSO -unary &, unary *, (TYPE) +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=item Quote and Quote-like Operators +=over 4 -=item Regexp Quote-Like Operators +=item Acknowledgments -?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>, -qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/, -s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, -y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <, C, C, C, C, C<''>, C, C<"">, -C<``>, C, C, C<< >>, C, C, C, -C,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of -regular expressions +=head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial -=item I/O Operators +=over 4 -=item Constant Folding +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Bitwise String Operators +=item Part 1: The basics -=item Integer Arithmetic +=over 4 -=item Floating-point Arithmetic +=item Simple word matching -=item Bigger Numbers +=item Using character classes -=back +=item Matching this or that + +=item Grouping things and hierarchical matching + +=item Extracting matches + +=item Matching repetitions + +=item Building a regexp + +=item Using regular expressions in Perl =back -=head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines +=item Part 2: Power tools =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item More on characters, strings, and character classes -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Compiling and saving regular expressions -=over 4 +=item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression -=item Private Variables via my() +=item Non-capturing groupings -=item Persistent Private Variables +=item Looking ahead and looking behind -=item Temporary Values via local() +=item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking -=item Lvalue subroutines +=item Conditional expressions -=item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs) +=item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression -=item When to Still Use local() +=item Pragmas and debugging -=item Pass by Reference +=back -=item Prototypes +=item BUGS -=item Constant Functions +=item SEE ALSO -=item Overriding Built-in Functions +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=item Autoloading +=over 4 -=item Subroutine Attributes +=item Acknowledgments =back -=item SEE ALSO - =back -=head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions +=head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial =over 4 @@ -376,353 +378,243 @@ regular expressions =over 4 -=item Perl Functions by Category +=item If we could talk to the animals... -Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching, -Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data, -Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed -length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories, -Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related -to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process -groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and -object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess -communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network -info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted -in perl5 +=item Introducing the method invocation arrow -=item Portability - -=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions +=item Invoking a barnyard -I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept -NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, -binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, -bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, -chomp( LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr -NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir -DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt -PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, -defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, -dump LABEL, dump, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval -BLOCK, exec LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, -fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock -FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, -getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority -WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname -NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname -NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, -getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, -gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, -sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent -STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, -endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, -glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep -EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index -STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join -EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, -lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen -SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, lock THING, log EXPR, log, -lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, -mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv -ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRIBUTES, -next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open -FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open -FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord -EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR : ATTRIBUTES, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package -NAMESPACE, package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos -SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE -FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, -q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, -quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read -FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, -readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, -ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, -require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir -DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, -rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir -DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, -semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send -SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority -WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY, -shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, -shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep -EXPR, sleep, sockatmark SOCKET, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, -socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort -BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice -ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split -/PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf -FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat -EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, -substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr -EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen -FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread -FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek -FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite -FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, -syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie -VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate -FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, -ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack -TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST, -use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST, -values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn -LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y/// +=item The extra parameter of method invocation -=back +=item Calling a second method to simplify things -=back +=item Inheriting the windpipes -=head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references +=item A few notes about @ISA -=over 4 +=item Overriding the methods -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Starting the search from a different place -=item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures? +=item The SUPER way of doing things -=item The Solution +=item Where we're at so far... -=item Syntax +=item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it? -=over 4 +=item Invoking an instance method -=item Making References +=item Accessing the instance data -=item Using References +=item How to build a horse -=back +=item Inheriting the constructor -=item An Example +=item Making a method work with either classes or instances -=item Arrow Rule +=item Adding parameters to a method -=item Solution +=item More interesting instances -=item The Rest +=item A horse of a different color =item Summary -=item Credits - -=over 4 +=back -=item Distribution Conditions +=item SEE ALSO -=back +=item COPYRIGHT =back -=head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook +=head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes, -more elaborate constructs +=item Creating a Class -=item REFERENCES +=over 4 -=item COMMON MISTAKES +=item Object Representation -=item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE +=item Class Interface -=item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C +=item Constructors and Instance Methods -=item DEBUGGING +=item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors -=item CODE EXAMPLES +=item Destructors -=item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS +=item Other Object Methods + +=back + +=item Class Data =over 4 -=item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS +=item Accessing Class Data -=item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS +=item Debugging Methods -=item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS +=item Class Destructors + +=item Documenting the Interface =back -=item HASHES OF ARRAYS +=item Aggregation + +=item Inheritance =over 4 -=item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS +=item Overridden Methods -=item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS +=item Multiple Inheritance -=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS +=item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects =back -=item ARRAYS OF HASHES +=item Alternate Object Representations =over 4 -=item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES - -=item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES +=item Arrays as Objects -=item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES +=item Closures as Objects =back -=item HASHES OF HASHES +=item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods =over 4 -=item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES - -=item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES +=item Autoloaded Data Methods -=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES +=item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods =back -=item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS +=item Metaclassical Tools =over 4 -=item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS - -=item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS +=item Class::Struct -=item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS +=item Data Members as Variables =back -=item Database Ties +=item NOTES -=item SEE ALSO +=over 4 -=item AUTHOR +=item Object Terminology =back -=head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start - -=over 4 +=item SEE ALSO -=item DESCRIPTION +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=item The Guide +=item COPYRIGHT =over 4 -=item Simple word matching - -=item Using character classes +=item Acknowledgments -=item Matching this or that +=back -=item Grouping things and hierarchical matching +=back -=item Extracting matches +=head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl -=item Matching repetitions +=over 4 -=item More matching +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Search and replace +=item Class Data in a Can -=item The split operator +=item Class Data as Package Variables -=back +=over 4 -=item BUGS +=item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket -=item SEE ALSO +=item Inheritance Concerns -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item The Eponymous Meta-Object -=over 4 +=item Indirect References to Class Data -=item Acknowledgments +=item Monadic Classes -=back +=item Translucent Attributes =back -=head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format - -=over 4 - -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Class Data as Lexical Variables =over 4 -=item Ordinary Paragraph - -=item Verbatim Paragraph +=item Privacy and Responsibility -=item Command Paragraph +=item File-Scoped Lexicals -C<=head1 I>, C<=head2 I>, C<=head3 I>, C<=head4 I>, C<=over I>, C<=item -I>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I>, C<=end -I>, C<=for I I> +=item More Inheritance Concerns -=item Formatting Codes +=item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key -CtextE> -- italic text, CtextE> -- bold text, -CcodeE> -- code text, CnameE> -- a hyperlink, -CescapeE> -- a character escape, CfilenameE> -- used -for filenames, CtextE> -- text contains non-breaking spaces, -Ctopic nameE> -- an index entry, CE> -- a null -(zero-effect) formatting code +=item Translucency Revisited -=item The Intent +=back -=item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules +=item NOTES -=item Hints for Writing Pod +=item SEE ALSO -=back +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=item SEE ALSO +=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -=item AUTHOR +=item HISTORY =back -=head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and -notes +=head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT) =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=item Pod Definitions +=item OO SCALING TIPS -=item Pod Commands +=item INSTANCE VARIABLES -"=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item", -"=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text..." +=item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES -=item Pod Formatting Codes +=item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE -CtextE> -- italic text, CtextE> -- bold text, -CcodeE> -- code text, CfilenameE> -- style for -filenames, Ctopic nameE> -- an index entry, CE> -- a -null (zero-effect) formatting code, CnameE> -- a hyperlink, -CescapeE> -- a character escape, CtextE> -- text -contains non-breaking spaces +=item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS -=item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors +=item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS -=item About LE...E Codes +=item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM -First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth: +=item THINKING OF CODE REUSE -=item About =over...=back Regions +=item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT -=item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions +=item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR -=item SEE ALSO +=item DELEGATION -=item AUTHOR +=item SEE ALSO =back @@ -734,7 +626,7 @@ First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth: =back -=head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary +=head2 perlcheat - Perl 5 Cheat Sheet =over 4 @@ -742,15 +634,35 @@ First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth: =over 4 -=item Awk Traps +=item The sheet -=item C Traps +=back -=item Sed Traps +=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -=item Shell Traps +=item AUTHOR -=item Perl Traps +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Awk Traps + +=item C/C++ Traps + +=item Sed Traps + +=item Shell Traps + +=item Perl Traps =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps @@ -791,7 +703,7 @@ Precedence Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, -Regular Expression +Regular Expression, Regular Expression =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps @@ -819,381 +731,6 @@ LIMIT specified =back -=head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter - -=over 4 - -=item SYNOPSIS - -=item DESCRIPTION - -=over 4 - -=item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems - -OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS - -=item Location of Perl - -=item Command Switches - -B<-0>[I], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I, -B<-D>I, B<-D>I, B<-e> I, B<-F>I, -B<-h>, B<-i>[I], B<-I>I, B<-l>[I], -B<-m>[B<->]I, B<-M>[B<->]I, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>, -B<-[mM]>[B<->]I, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>, -B<-t>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I, B<-w>, B<-W>, -B<-X>, B<-x> I - -=back - -=item ENVIRONMENT - -HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL -(specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, -PERL_ENCODING, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to -the VMS port) - -=item DESCRIPTION - -accept() on closed socket %s, Allocation too large: %lx, '!' allowed only -after types %s, Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or -use &, Ambiguous range in transliteration operator, Ambiguous use of %s -resolved as %s, '|' and '<' may not both be specified on command line, '|' -and '>' may not both be specified on command line, Applying %s to %s will -act on scalar(%s), Args must match #! line, Arg too short for msgsnd, %s -argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY -element or slice, %s argument is not a subroutine name, Argument "%s" isn't -numeric%s, Array @%s missing the @ in argument %d of %s(), assertion -botched: %s, Assertion failed: file "%s", Assignment to both a list and a -scalar, Attempt to access key '%_' in fixed hash, Attempt to bless into a -reference, Attempt to free non-arena SV: 0x%lx, Attempt to free nonexistent -shared string, Attempt to free temp prematurely, Attempt to free -unreferenced glob pointers, Attempt to free unreferenced scalar, Attempt to -join self, Attempt to pack pointer to temporary value, Attempt to use -reference as lvalue in substr, Bad arg length for %s, is %d, should be %s, -Bad evalled substitution pattern, Bad filehandle: %s, Bad free() ignored, -Bad hash, Bad index while coercing array into hash, Badly placed ()'s, Bad -name after %s::, Bad realloc() ignored, Bad symbol for array, Bad symbol -for filehandle, Bad symbol for hash, Bareword found in conditional, -Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in use, Bareword "%s" refers -to nonexistent package, BEGIN failed--compilation aborted, BEGIN not safe -after errors--compilation aborted, \1 better written as $1, Binary number > -0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, bind() on closed socket -%s, binmode() on closed filehandle %s, Bit vector size > 32 non-portable, -Bizarre copy of %s in %s, B<-P> not allowed for setuid/setgid script, -Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Callback called exit, %s() called -too early to check prototype, / cannot take a count, Can't bless -non-reference value, Can't call method "%s" in empty package "%s", Can't -call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't call method "%s" on unblessed -reference, Can't call method "%s" without a package or object reference, -Can't chdir to %s, Can't check filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't -coerce array into hash, Can't coerce %s to integer in %s, Can't coerce %s -to number in %s, Can't coerce %s to string in %s, Can't create pipe -mailbox, Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s", Can't declare %s in -"%s", Can't do inplace edit: %s is not a regular file, Can't do inplace -edit on %s: %s, Can't do inplace edit without backup, Can't do inplace -edit: %s would not be unique, Can't do {n,m} with n > m in regex; marked by -<-- HERE in m/%s/, Can't do setegid!, Can't do seteuid!, Can't do setuid, -Can't do waitpid with flags, Can't emulate -%s on #! line, Can't exec "%s": -%s, Can't exec %s, Can't execute %s, Can't find an opnumber for "%s", Can't -find %s character property "%s", Can't find label %s, Can't find %s on -PATH, Can't find %s on PATH, '.' not in PATH, Can't find string terminator -%s anywhere before EOF, Can't find %s property definition %s, Can't fork, -Can't get filespec - stale stat buffer?, Can't get pipe mailbox device -name, Can't get SYSGEN parameter value for MAXBUF, Can't "goto" into the -middle of a foreach loop, Can't "goto" out of a pseudo block, Can't goto -subroutine from an eval-string, Can't goto subroutine outside a subroutine, -Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default, Can't "last" outside a loop -block, Can't localize lexical variable %s, Can't localize pseudo-hash -element, Can't localize through a reference, Can't locate %s, Can't locate -auto/%s.al in @INC, Can't locate object method "%s" via package "%s", -(perhaps you forgot to load "%s"?), Can't locate package %s for @%s::ISA, -Can't make list assignment to \%ENV on this system, Can't modify %s in %s, -Can't modify nonexistent substring, Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine -call, Can't msgrcv to read-only var, Can't "next" outside a loop block, -Can't open %s: %s, Can't open bidirectional pipe, Can't open error file %s -as stderr, Can't open input file %s as stdin, Can't open output file %s as -stdout, Can't open output pipe (name: %s), Can't open perl script%s: %s, -Can't read CRTL environ, Can't redefine active sort subroutine %s, Can't -"redo" outside a loop block, Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't -rename %s to %s: %s, skipping file, Can't reopen input pipe (name: %s) in -binary mode, Can't resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', -Can't reswap uid and euid, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't -return %s to lvalue scalar context, Can't return outside a subroutine, -Can't stat script "%s", Can't swap uid and euid, Can't take log of %g, -Can't take sqrt of %g, Can't undef active subroutine, Can't unshift, Can't -upgrade that kind of scalar, Can't upgrade to undef, Can't use an undefined -value as %s reference, Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup, -Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use, Can't use -%! because Errno.pm is not available, Can't use %s for loop variable, Can't -use global %s in "my", Can't use "my %s" in sort comparison, Can't use %s -ref as %s ref, Can't use string ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in -use, Can't use subscript on %s, Can't use \%c to mean $%c in expression, -Can't weaken a nonreference, Can't x= to read-only value, Character in "C" -format wrapped, Character in "c" format wrapped, close() on unopened -filehandle %s, %s: Command not found, Compilation failed in require, -Complex regular subexpression recursion limit (%d) exceeded, connect() on -closed socket %s, Constant(%s)%s: %s, Constant is not %s reference, -Constant subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy -method did not return a reference, CORE::%s is not a keyword, corrupted -regexp pointers, corrupted regexp program, Corrupt malloc ptr 0x%lx at -0x%lx, C<-p> destination: %s, C<-T> and C<-B> not implemented on -filehandles, Deep recursion on subroutine "%s", defined(@array) is -deprecated, defined(%hash) is deprecated, %s defines neither package nor -VERSION--version check failed, Delimiter for here document is too long, Did -not produce a valid header, %s did not return a true value, (Did you mean -&%s instead?), (Did you mean "local" instead of "our"?), (Did you mean $ or -@ instead of %?), Died, Document contains no data, %s does not define -%s::VERSION--version check failed, Don't know how to handle magic of type -'%s', do_study: out of memory, (Do you need to predeclare %s?), dump() -better written as CORE::dump(), Duplicate free() ignored, elseif should be -elsif, Empty %s, entering effective %s failed, Error converting file -specification %s, %s: Eval-group in insecure regular expression, %s: -Eval-group not allowed at run time, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re -'eval', Excessively long <> operator, exec? I'm not *that* kind of -operating system, Execution of %s aborted due to compilation errors, -Exiting eval via %s, Exiting format via %s, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, -Exiting subroutine via %s, Exiting substitution via %s, Explicit blessing -to '' (assuming package main), %s: Expression syntax, %s failed--call queue -aborted, False [] range "%s" in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/, Fatal -VMS error at %s, line %d, fcntl is not implemented, Filehandle %s opened -only for input, Filehandle %s opened only for output, Final $ should be \$ -or $name, Final @ should be \@ or @name, flock() on closed filehandle %s, -Quantifier follows nothing in regex;, Format not terminated, Format %s -redefined, Found = in conditional, should be ==, %s found where operator -expected, gdbm store returned %d, errno %d, key "%s", gethostent not -implemented, get%sname() on closed socket %s, getpwnam returned invalid UIC -%#o for user "%s", getsockopt() on closed socket %s, Global symbol "%s" -requires explicit package name, glob failed (%s), Glob not terminated, Got -an error from DosAllocMem, goto must have label, %s-group starts with a -count, %s had compilation errors, Had to create %s unexpectedly, Hash %%s -missing the % in argument %d of %s(), %s has too many errors, Hexadecimal -number > 0xffffffff non-portable, Identifier too long, Illegal binary digit -%s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal character %s (carriage -return), Illegal character in prototype for %s : %s, Illegal division by -zero, Illegal hexadecimal digit %s ignored, Illegal modulus zero, Illegal -number of bits in vec, Illegal octal digit %s, Illegal octal digit %s -ignored, Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: %s, Ill-formed CRTL environ value -"%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s|, (in cleanup) %s, In -EBCDIC the v-string components cannot exceed 2147483647, Insecure -dependency in %s, Insecure directory in %s, Insecure $ENV{%s} while running -%s, Integer overflow in %s number, Internal disaster in regex; marked by -<-- HERE in m/%s/, Internal inconsistency in tracking vforks, Internal urp -in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/, %s (...) interpreted as function, -Invalid %s attribute: %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, Invalid conversion in -%s: "%s", Invalid [] range "%s" in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/, -Invalid [] range "%s" in transliteration operator, Invalid separator -character %s in attribute list, Invalid type in pack: '%s', Invalid type in -unpack: '%s', ioctl is not implemented, ioctl() on unopened %s, -IO::Socket::atmark not implemented on this architecture, `%s' is not a code -reference, `%s' is not an overloadable type, junk on end of regexp, Label -not found for "last %s", Label not found for "next %s", Label not found for -"redo %s", leaving effective %s failed, listen() on closed socket %s, -lstat() on filehandle %s, Lvalue subs returning %s not implemented yet, -Lookbehind longer than %d not implemented in regex;, Malformed -PERLLIB_PREFIX, Malformed prototype for %s: %s, Malformed UTF-8 character -(%s), Malformed UTF-16 surrogate, %s matches null string many times in -regex;, "%s" may clash with future reserved word, % may only be used in -unpack, Method for operation %s not found in package %s during blessing, -Method %s not permitted, Might be a runaway multi-line %s string starting -on line %d, Misplaced _ in number, Missing %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing comma -after first argument to %s function, Missing command in piped open, Missing -name in "my sub", Missing $ on loop variable, (Missing operator before -%s?), Missing right brace on %s, Missing right curly or square bracket, -(Missing semicolon on previous line?), Modification of a read-only value -attempted, Modification of non-creatable array value attempted, %s, -Modification of non-creatable hash value attempted, %s, Module name must be -constant, Module name required with -%c option, More than one argument to -open, msg%s not implemented, Multidimensional syntax %s not supported, / -must be followed by a*, A* or Z*, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must -follow a numeric type, "my sub" not yet implemented, "my" variable %s can't -be in a package, Name "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo, Negative -length, Negative offset to vec in lvalue context, Nested quantifiers in -regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/, %s never introduced, No %s allowed -while running setuid, No B<-e> allowed in setuid scripts, No comma allowed -after %s, No command into which to pipe on command line, No DB::DB routine -defined, No dbm on this machine, No DBsub routine, No error file after 2> -or 2>> on command line, No input file after < on command line, No #! line, -"no" not allowed in expression, No output file after > on command line, No -output file after > or >> on command line, No package name allowed for -variable %s in "our", No Perl script found in input, No setregid available, -No setreuid available, No space allowed after -%c, No %s specified for -%c, -No such class %s, No such pipe open, No such pseudo-hash field "%s", No -such pseudo-hash field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, No such signal: -SIG%s, Not a CODE reference, Not a format reference, Not a GLOB reference, -Not a HASH reference, Not an ARRAY reference, Not a perl script, Not a -SCALAR reference, Not a subroutine reference, Not a subroutine reference in -overload table, Not enough arguments for %s, Not enough format arguments, -%s: not found, %s not allowed in length fields, no UTC offset information; -assuming local time is UTC, Null filename used, NULL OP IN RUN, Null -picture in formline, Null realloc, NULL regexp argument, NULL regexp -parameter, Number too long, Octal number in vector unsupported, Octal -number > 037777777777 non-portable, Odd number of arguments for -overload::constant, Odd number of elements in anonymous hash, Odd number of -elements in hash assignment, Offset outside string, -%s on unopened -filehandle %s, %s() on unopened %s, oops: oopsAV, oops: oopsHV, Operation -`%s': no method found, %s, Operator or semicolon missing before %s, "our" -variable %s redeclared, Out of memory!, Out of memory during "large" -request for %s, Out of memory during request for %s, Out of memory during -ridiculously large request, Out of memory for yacc stack, @ outside of -string, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s, page -overflow, panic: %s, panic: ck_grep, panic: ck_split, panic: corrupt saved -stack index, panic: del_backref, panic: die %s, panic: pp_match%s, panic: -do_subst, panic: do_trans_%s, panic: frexp, panic: goto, panic: -INTERPCASEMOD, panic: INTERPCONCAT, panic: kid popen errno read, panic: -last, panic: leave_scope clearsv, panic: leave_scope inconsistency, panic: -magic_killbackrefs, panic: malloc, panic: mapstart, panic: null array, -panic: pad_alloc, panic: pad_free curpad, panic: pad_free po, panic: -pad_reset curpad, panic: pad_sv po, panic: pad_swipe curpad, panic: -pad_swipe po, panic: pp_iter, panic: pp_split, panic: realloc, panic: -restartop, panic: return, panic: scan_num, panic: sv_insert, panic: -top_env, panic: yylex, panic: utf16_to_utf8: odd bytelen, Parentheses -missing around "%s" list, Perl %s required--this is only version %s, -stopped, PERL_SH_DIR too long, perl: warning: Setting locale failed, -perlio: argument list not closed for layer "%s", perlio: invalid separator -character %s in attribute list, perlio: unknown layer "%s", Permission -denied, pid %x not a child, P must have an explicit size, POSIX syntax [%s] -belongs inside character classes in regex;, POSIX syntax [. .] is reserved -for future extensions in regex;, POSIX syntax [= =] is reserved for future -extensions in regex;, POSIX class [:%s:] unknown in regex;, POSIX getpgrp -can't take an argument, Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list, -Possible attempt to separate words with commas, Possible memory corruption: -%s overflowed 3rd argument, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in -string, Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : -ATTRS" instead, Precedence problem: open %s should be open(%s), Premature -end of script headers, printf() on closed filehandle %s, print() on closed -filehandle %s, Process terminated by SIG%s, Prototype mismatch: %s vs %s, -Prototype not terminated, Quantifier in {,} bigger than %d in regex;, -Quantifier unexpected on zero-length expression;, Range iterator outside -integer range, readline() on closed filehandle %s, Reallocation too large: -%lx, realloc() of freed memory ignored, Recompile perl with B<-D>DEBUGGING -to use B<-D> switch, Recursive inheritance detected in package '%s', -Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method %s, Reference found -where even-sized list expected, Reference is already weak, Reference -miscount in sv_replace(), Reference to nonexistent group in regex;, regexp -memory corruption, Regexp out of space, Repeat count in pack overflows, -Repeat count in unpack overflows, Reversed %s= operator, Runaway format, -Scalar value @%s[%s] better written as $%s[%s], Scalar value @%s{%s} better -written as $%s{%s}, Scalars leaked: %d, Script is not setuid/setgid in -suidperl, Search pattern not terminated, %sseek() on unopened filehandle, -select not implemented, Self-ties of arrays and hashes are not supported, -Semicolon seems to be missing, semi-panic: attempt to dup freed string, -sem%s not implemented, send() on closed socket %s, Sequence (? incomplete -in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/, Sequence (?{...}) not terminated or -not {}-balanced in regex;, Sequence (?%s...) not implemented in regex;, -Sequence (?%s...) not recognized in regex;, Sequence (?#... not terminated -in regex;, 500 Server error, Server error, setegid() not implemented, -seteuid() not implemented, setpgrp can't take arguments, setrgid() not -implemented, setruid() not implemented, setsockopt() on closed socket %s, -Setuid/gid script is writable by world, shm%s not implemented, <> should be -quotes, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", shutdown() on closed -socket %s, SIG%s handler "%s" not defined, sort is now a reserved word, -Sort subroutine didn't return a numeric value, Sort subroutine didn't -return single value, splice() offset past end of array, Split loop, -Statement unlikely to be reached, stat() on unopened filehandle %s, Stub -found while resolving method `%s' overloading %s, Subroutine %s redefined, -Substitution loop, Substitution pattern not terminated, Substitution -replacement not terminated, substr outside of string, suidperl is no longer -needed since %s, Switch (?(condition)... contains too many branches in -regex;, Switch condition not recognized in regex;, switching effective %s -is not implemented, syntax error, syntax error at line %d: `%s' unexpected, -syntax error in file %s at line %d, next 2 tokens "%s", %s syntax OK, -System V %s is not implemented on this machine, syswrite() on closed -filehandle %s, Target of goto is too deeply nested, tell() on unopened -filehandle, That use of $[ is unsupported, The crypt() function is -unimplemented due to excessive paranoia, The %s function is unimplemented, -The stat preceding %s wasn't an lstat, This Perl can't reset CRTL environ -elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s), times not -implemented, Too few args to syscall, Too late for "B<-T>" option, Too late -for "-%s" option, Too late to run %s block, Too many args to syscall, Too -many arguments for %s, Too many )'s, Too many ('s, Trailing \ in regex -m/%s/, Transliteration pattern not terminated, Transliteration replacement -not terminated, truncate not implemented, Type of arg %d to %s must be %s -(not %s), umask not implemented, Unable to create sub named "%s", -Unbalanced context: %d more PUSHes than POPs, Unbalanced saves: %d more -saves than restores, Unbalanced scopes: %d more ENTERs than LEAVEs, -Unbalanced tmps: %d more allocs than frees, Undefined format "%s" called, -Undefined sort subroutine "%s" called, Undefined subroutine &%s called, -Undefined subroutine called, Undefined subroutine in sort, Undefined top -format "%s" called, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, %s: Undefined -variable, unexec of %s into %s failed!, Unicode character %s is illegal, -Unknown BYTEORDER, Unknown "re" subpragma '%s' (known ones are: %s), -Unknown switch condition (?(%.2s in regex;, Unknown open() mode '%s', -Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unknown warnings -category '%s', unmatched [ in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/, unmatched -( in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/, Unmatched right %s bracket, -Unquoted string "%s" may clash with future reserved word, Unrecognized -character %s, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class passed -through, Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through in regex;, Unrecognized -escape \\%c passed through, Unrecognized signal name "%s", Unrecognized -switch: -%s (-h will show valid options), Unsuccessful %s on filename -containing newline, Unsupported directory function "%s" called, Unsupported -function %s, Unsupported function fork, Unsupported script encoding, -Unsupported socket function "%s" called, Unterminated attribute list, -Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list, Unterminated compressed -integer, Unterminated <> operator, untie attempted while %d inner -references still exist, Useless (?%s) - use /%s modifier in regex;, Useless -(?-%s) - don't use /%s modifier in regex;, Useless use of %s in void -context, Useless use of "re" pragma, Useless use of sort in scalar context, -Useless use of %s with no values, "use" not allowed in expression, Use of -bare << to mean <<"" is deprecated, Use of *glob{FILEHANDLE} is deprecated, -Use of chdir('') or chdir(undef) as chdir() deprecated, Use of implicit -split to @_ is deprecated, Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s() is -deprecated, Use of -l on filehandle %s, Use of "package" with no arguments -is deprecated, Use of %s in printf format not supported, Use of $* is -deprecated, Use of %s is deprecated, Use of $# is deprecated, Use of -reference "%s" as array index, Use of reserved word "%s" is deprecated, Use -of tainted arguments in %s is deprecated, Use of uninitialized value%s, -Using a hash as a reference is deprecated, Using an array as a reference is -deprecated, UTF-16 surrogate %s, Value of %s can be "0"; test with -defined(), Value of CLI symbol "%s" too long, Variable "%s" is not -imported%s, "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, Variable -"%s" may be unavailable, Variable syntax, Variable "%s" will not stay -shared, Variable length lookbehind not implemented in regex;, Version -number must be a constant number, v-string in use/require is non-portable, -Warning: something's wrong, Warning: unable to close filehandle %s -properly, Warning: Use of "%s" without parentheses is ambiguous, Wide -character in %s, write() on closed filehandle %s, X outside of string, x -outside of string, Xsub "%s" called in sort, Xsub called in sort, YOU -HAVEN'T DISABLED SET-ID SCRIPTS IN THE KERNEL YET!, You need to quote "%s" - -=back - -=head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings - -=over 4 - -=item DESCRIPTION - -=over 4 - -=item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings - -=item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W> - -=item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line - -B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X> - -=item Backward Compatibility - -=item Category Hierarchy - -=item Fatal Warnings - -=item Reporting Warnings from a Module - -=back - -=item TODO - -=item SEE ALSO - -=item AUTHOR - -=back - =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial =over 4 @@ -1228,118 +765,72 @@ B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X> =back -=head2 perldebug - Perl debugging +=head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2004/10/05 +22:15:44 $) =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=item The Perl Debugger - =over 4 -=item Debugger Commands - -h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], -T, s [expr], n [expr], r, , c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l -line, l subname, -, v [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L [abw], S -[[!]regex], t, t expr, b, b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b -postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, B line, B -*, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W expr, W *, o, o booloption .., -o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > -command, >> command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! -pattern, !! cmd, @ file, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m -expr, M, man [manpage] - -=item Configurable Options +=item Where to get the perlfaq -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C +=item How to contribute to the perlfaq -=item Debugger input/output +=item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the +authors -Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame -listing +=back -=item Debugging compile-time statements +=item Credits -=item Debugger Customization +=item Author and Copyright Information -=item Readline Support +=over 4 -=item Editor Support for Debugging +=item Bundled Distributions -=item The Perl Profiler +=item Disclaimer =back -=item Debugging regular expressions +=item Table of Contents -=item Debugging memory usage +perlfaq - this document, perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl, perlfaq2 +- Obtaining and Learning about Perl, perlfaq3 - Programming Tools, perlfaq4 +- Data Manipulation, perlfaq5 - Files and Formats, perlfaq6 - Regular +Expressions, perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues, perlfaq8 - System +Interaction, perlfaq9 - Networking -=item SEE ALSO +=item The Questions -=item BUGS +=over 4 -=back +=item L: General Questions About Perl -=head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables +=item L: Obtaining and Learning about Perl -=over 4 +=item L: Programming Tools -=item DESCRIPTION +=item L: Data Manipulation -=over 4 +=item L: Files and Formats -=item Predefined Names +=item L: Regular Expressions -$ARG, $_, $a, $b, $>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $', -$LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, -HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, -IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, -HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, -IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, -IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, -$\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, -HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, -HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, -HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, -@-, C<$`> is the same as C, C<$&> is the same as -C, C<$'> is the same as C, C<$1> is the same as C, C<$2> -is the same as C, C<$3> is the same as -C, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR), -$FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^, -IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR, -$FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR, -$FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING}, -$OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@, -$PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, -$>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), -$PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D, -$SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O, -${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, -0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, -$BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, -${^WARNING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, ARGV, -$ARGV, @ARGV, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr} +=item L: General Perl Language Issues -=item Error Indicators +=item L: System Interaction -=item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names +=item L: Networking =back -=item BUGS - =back -=head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl +=head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date: +2004/10/11 05:06:29 $) =over 4 @@ -1347,545 +838,574 @@ $ARGV, @ARGV, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr} =over 4 -=item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays +=item What is Perl? -=item Growing Your Own +=item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free? -=item Access and Printing +=item Which version of Perl should I use? -=item Slices +=item What are perl4 and perl5? -=back +=item What is Ponie? -=item SEE ALSO +=item What is perl6? -=item AUTHOR +=item How stable is Perl? -=back +=item Is Perl difficult to learn? -=head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl +=item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, +Scheme, or Tcl? -=over 4 +=item Can I do [task] in Perl? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item When shouldn't I program in Perl? -=item Open E la shell +=item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"? -=over 4 +=item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script? -=item Simple Opens +=item What is a JAPH? -=item Pipe Opens +=item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms? -=item The Minus File +=item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version +5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language? -=item Mixing Reads and Writes +=back -=item Filters +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =back -=item Open E la C +=head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.29 $, +$Date: 2004/10/25 18:37:23 $) =over 4 -=item Permissions E la mode +=item DESCRIPTION -=back +=over 4 -=item Obscure Open Tricks +=item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it? -=over 4 +=item How can I get a binary version of Perl? -=item Re-Opening Files (dups) +=item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl? -=item Dispelling the Dweomer +=item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts +don't work. -=item Paths as Opens +=item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic +loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work? -=item Single Argument Open +=item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN? +What does CPAN/src/... mean? -=item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT +=item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl? -=back +=item Where can I get information on Perl? -=item Other I/O Issues +=item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions? -=over 4 +=item Where should I post source code? -=item Opening Non-File Files +=item Perl Books -=item Binary Files +References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics -=item File Locking +=item Perl in Magazines -=back +=item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access -=item SEE ALSO +=item What mailing lists are there for Perl? -=item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT +=item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc -=item HISTORY +=item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl? + +=item Where do I send bug reports? + +=item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org? =back -=head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C and C +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.41 $, $Date: 2004/11/03 +22:45:32 $) =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=item The Basic Principle +=over 4 -=item Packing Text +=item How do I do (anything)? -=item Packing Numbers +=item How can I use Perl interactively? -=over 4 +=item Is there a Perl shell? -=item Integers +=item How do I find which modules are installed on my system? -=item Unpacking a Stack Frame +=item How do I debug my Perl programs? -=item How to Eat an Egg on a Net +=item How do I profile my Perl programs? -=item Floating point Numbers +=item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs? -=back +=item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl? -=item Exotic Templates +=item Is there a ctags for Perl? -=over 4 +=item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor? -=item Bit Strings +Eclipse, Komodo, Open Perl IDE, OptiPerl, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, Visual +Perl, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Jed, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright, +MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, Affrus, Alpha, BBEdit and +BBEdit Lite -=item Uuencoding +=item Where can I get Perl macros for vi? -=item Doing Sums +=item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs? -=item Unicode +=item How can I use curses with Perl? -=item Another Portable Binary Encoding +=item How can I use X or Tk with Perl? -=back +=item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk? -=item Lengths and Widths +=item How can I make my Perl program run faster? -=over 4 +=item How can I make my Perl program take less memory? -=item String Lengths +Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and +stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk -=item Dynamic Templates +=item Is it safe to return a reference to local or lexical data? -=back +=item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks? -=item Packing and Unpacking C Structures +=item How can I make my CGI script more efficient? -=over 4 +=item How can I hide the source for my Perl program? -=item The Alignment Pit +=item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C? -=item Alignment, Take 2 +=item How can I compile Perl into Java? -=item Alignment, Take 3 +=item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]? -=item Pointers for How to Use Them +=item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line? -=back +=item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system? -=item Pack Recipes +=item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl? -=item Funnies Section +=item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming? -=item Authors +=item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp] + +=item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in +my C program; what am I doing wrong? + +=item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean? + +=item What's MakeMaker? =back -=head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.56 $, $Date: 2004/11/03 +22:47:56 $) =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=item Part 1: The basics +=item Data: Numbers =over 4 -=item Simple word matching +=item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the +numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)? -=item Using character classes +=item Why is int() broken? -=item Matching this or that +=item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly? -=item Grouping things and hierarchical matching +=item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()? +Trig functions? -=item Extracting matches +=item How do I convert between numeric representations/bases/radixes? -=item Matching repetitions +How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to +hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from +decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert +from decimal to binary -=item Building a regexp +=item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to? -=item Using regular expressions in Perl +=item How do I multiply matrices? -=back +=item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers? -=item Part 2: Power tools +=item How can I output Roman numerals? -=over 4 +=item Why aren't my random numbers random? -=item More on characters, strings, and character classes +=item How do I get a random number between X and Y? -=item Compiling and saving regular expressions +=back -=item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression +=item Data: Dates -=item Non-capturing groupings +=over 4 -=item Looking ahead and looking behind +=item How do I find the day or week of the year? -=item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking +=item How do I find the current century or millennium? -=item Conditional expressions +=item How can I compare two dates and find the difference? -=item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression +=item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds? -=item Pragmas and debugging +=item How can I find the Julian Day? -=back +=item How do I find yesterday's date? -=item BUGS +=item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant? -=item SEE ALSO +=back -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item Data: Strings =over 4 -=item Acknowledgments - -=back +=item How do I validate input? -=back +=item How do I unescape a string? -=head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions +=item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters? -=over 4 +=item How do I expand function calls in a string? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How do I find matching/nesting anything? -i, m, s, x +=item How do I reverse a string? -=over 4 +=item How do I expand tabs in a string? -=item Regular Expressions +=item How do I reformat a paragraph? -[1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit +=item How can I access or change N characters of a string? -=item Extended Patterns +=item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something? -C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>, -C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?, C<(?{ -code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>, -C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)> +=item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a +string? -=item Backtracking +=item How do I capitalize all the words on one line? -=item Version 8 Regular Expressions +=item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside +[character]? -=item Warning on \1 vs $1 +=item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string? -=item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring +=item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes? -=item Combining pieces together +=item How do I extract selected columns from a string? -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>, -C<(?!S)>, C<(?, C<(??{ EXPR })>, -C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)> +=item How do I find the soundex value of a string? -=item Creating custom RE engines +=item How can I expand variables in text strings? -=back +=item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"? -=item BUGS +=item Why don't my EEHERE documents work? -=item SEE ALSO +There must be no space after the EE part, There (probably) should +be a semicolon at the end, You can't (easily) have any space in front of +the tag =back -=head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures +=item Data: Arrays =over 4 -=item NOTE - -=item DESCRIPTION +=item What is the difference between a list and an array? -=over 4 +=item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]? -=item Making References +=item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array? -=item Using References +a), b), c), d), e) -=item Symbolic references +=item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or +array? -=item Not-so-symbolic references +=item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the +intersection of two arrays? -=item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash +=item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal? -=item Function Templates +=item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true? -=back +=item How do I handle linked lists? -=item WARNING +=item How do I handle circular lists? -=item SEE ALSO +=item How do I shuffle an array randomly? -=back +=item How do I process/modify each element of an array? -=head2 perlform - Perl formats +=item How do I select a random element from an array? -=over 4 +=item How do I permute N elements of a list? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How do I sort an array by (anything)? -=over 4 +=item How do I manipulate arrays of bits? -=item Format Variables +=item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes? =back -=item NOTES +=item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays) =over 4 -=item Footers +=item How do I process an entire hash? -=item Accessing Formatting Internals +=item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over +it? -=back +=item How do I look up a hash element by value? -=item WARNINGS +=item How can I know how many entries are in a hash? -=back +=item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)? -=head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial +=item How can I always keep my hash sorted? -=over 4 +=item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction? -=over 4 +=item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through? -=item If we could talk to the animals... +=item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes? -=item Introducing the method invocation arrow +=item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file? -=item Invoking a barnyard +=item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it? -=item The extra parameter of method invocation +=item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create +it? -=item Calling a second method to simplify things +=item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or +array of hashes or arrays? -=item Inheriting the windpipes +=item How can I use a reference as a hash key? -=item A few notes about @ISA +=back -=item Overriding the methods +=item Data: Misc -=item Starting the search from a different place +=over 4 -=item The SUPER way of doing things +=item How do I handle binary data correctly? -=item Where we're at so far... +=item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float? -=item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it? +=item How do I keep persistent data across program calls? -=item Invoking an instance method +=item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure? -=item Accessing the instance data +=item How do I define methods for every class/object? -=item How to build a horse +=item How do I verify a credit card checksum? -=item Inheriting the constructor - -=item Making a method work with either classes or instances - -=item Adding parameters to a method - -=item More interesting instances - -=item A horse of a different color - -=item Summary +=item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code? =back -=item SEE ALSO - -=item COPYRIGHT +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =back -=head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl +=head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.31 $, $Date: 2004/02/07 +04:29:50 $) =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=item Creating a Class - =over 4 -=item Object Representation +=item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this? -=item Class Interface +=item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a +line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file? -=item Constructors and Instance Methods +=item How do I count the number of lines in a file? -=item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors +=item How can I use Perl's C<-i> option from within a program? -=item Destructors +=item How do I make a temporary file name? -=item Other Object Methods +=item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files? -=back +=item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass +filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles? -=item Class Data +=item How can I use a filehandle indirectly? -=over 4 +=item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()? -=item Accessing Class Data +=item How can I write() into a string? -=item Debugging Methods +=item How can I output my numbers with commas added? -=item Class Destructors +=item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename? -=item Documenting the Interface +=item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out? -=back +=item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use +E*E? -=item Aggregation +=item Is there a leak/bug in glob()? -=item Inheritance +=item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks? -=over 4 +=item How can I reliably rename a file? -=item Overridden Methods +=item How can I lock a file? -=item Multiple Inheritance +=item Why can't I just open(FH, "Efile.lock")? -=item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects +=item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in +the file. How can I do this? -=back +=item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a +file. Do I still have to use locking? -=item Alternate Object Representations +=item How do I randomly update a binary file? -=over 4 +=item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl? -=item Arrays as Objects +=item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl? -=item Closures as Objects +=item How do I print to more than one file at once? -=back +=item How can I read in an entire file all at once? -=item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods +=item How can I read in a file by paragraphs? -=over 4 +=item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard? -=item Autoloaded Data Methods +=item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle? -=item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods +=item How do I do a C in perl? -=back +=item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl? -=item Metaclassical Tools +=item How do I close a file descriptor by number? -=over 4 +=item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't +`C:\temp\foo.exe` work? -=item Class::Struct +=item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files? -=item Data Members as Variables +=item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber +protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl? -=back +=item How do I select a random line from a file? -=item NOTES +=item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines? -=over 4 +=back -=item Object Terminology +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =back -=item SEE ALSO +=head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 2004/11/03 +22:52:16 $) -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=over 4 -=item COPYRIGHT +=item DESCRIPTION =over 4 -=item Acknowledgments - -=back +=item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible +and unmaintainable code? -=back +Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters -=head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl +=item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong? -=over 4 +=item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on +different lines? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong? -=item Class Data in a Can +=item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving +case on the RHS? -=item Class Data as Package Variables +=item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets? -=over 4 +=item How can I match a locale-smart version of C? -=item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket +=item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex? -=item Inheritance Concerns +=item What is C really for? -=item The Eponymous Meta-Object +=item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a +file? -=item Indirect References to Class Data +=item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text? -=item Monadic Classes +=item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it? -=item Translucent Attributes +=item How do I process each word on each line? -=back +=item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary? -=item Class Data as Lexical Variables +=item How can I do approximate matching? -=over 4 +=item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once? -=item Privacy and Responsibility +=item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me? -=item File-Scoped Lexicals +=item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down? -=item More Inheritance Concerns +=item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression? -=item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key +=item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant? -=item Translucency Revisited +=item What's wrong with using grep in a void context? -=back +=item How can I match strings with multibyte characters? -=item NOTES +=item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user? -=item SEE ALSO +=back =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS - -=item HISTORY - =back -=head2 perlobj - Perl objects +=head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.18 $, $Date: +2004/11/03 22:54:08 $) =over 4 @@ -1893,837 +1413,978 @@ C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)> =over 4 -=item An Object is Simply a Reference +=item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language? -=item A Class is Simply a Package +=item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to +use them? -=item A Method is Simply a Subroutine +=item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and +commas? -=item Method Invocation +=item How do I skip some return values? -=item Indirect Object Syntax +=item How do I temporarily block warnings? -=item Default UNIVERSAL methods +=item What's an extension? -isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ) +=item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators? -=item Destructors +=item How do I declare/create a structure? -=item Summary +=item How do I create a module? -=item Two-Phased Garbage Collection +=item How do I create a class? -=back +=item How can I tell if a variable is tainted? -=item SEE ALSO +=item What's a closure? -=back +=item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it? -=head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT) +=item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method, +Regex}? -=over 4 +Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes, +Passing Methods -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How do I create a static variable? -=item OO SCALING TIPS +=item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? +Between local() and my()? -=item INSTANCE VARIABLES +=item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical +is in scope? -=item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES +=item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding? -=item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE +=item Why doesn't "my($foo) = EFILEE;" work right? -=item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS +=item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method? -=item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS +=item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()? -=item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM +=item How do I create a switch or case statement? -=item THINKING OF CODE REUSE +=item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables, functions, or +methods? -=item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT +=item Why can't a method included in this same file be found? -=item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR +=item How can I find out my current package? -=item DELEGATION +=item How can I comment out a large block of perl code? + +=item How do I clear a package? + +=item How can I use a variable as a variable name? + +=item What does "bad interpreter" mean? =back -=head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=over 4 +=back -=item SYNOPSIS +=head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 2004/10/05 +22:13:49 $) + +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 -=item Tying Scalars +=item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under? -TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this, -DESTROY this +=item How come exec() doesn't return? -=item Tying Arrays +=item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse? -TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value, -FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this, -key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this, -UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY -this +Keyboard, Screen, Mouse -=item Tying Hashes +=item How do I print something out in color? -USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE -this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY -this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this +=item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key? -=item Tying FileHandles +=item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard? -TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, -LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this, -DESTROY this +=item How do I clear the screen? -=item UNTIE this +=item How do I get the screen size? -=item The C Gotcha +=item How do I ask the user for a password? -=back +=item How do I read and write the serial port? -=item SEE ALSO +lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input -=item BUGS +=item How do I decode encrypted password files? -=item AUTHOR +=item How do I start a process in the background? -=back +STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies -=head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, -safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores) +=item How do I trap control characters/signals? -=over 4 +=item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How do I set the time and date? -=item Signals +=item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second? -=item Named Pipes +=item How can I measure time under a second? -=over 4 +=item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling) -=item WARNING +=item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What +does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean? -=back +=item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl? -=item Using open() for IPC +=item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()? -=over 4 +=item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems? -=item Filehandles +=item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command? -=item Background Processes +=item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()? -=item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent +=item How can I capture STDERR from an external command? -=item Safe Pipe Opens +=item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails? -=item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process +=item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context? -=item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself +=item How can I call backticks without shell processing? -=back +=item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, +^Z on MS-DOS)? -=item Sockets: Client/Server Communication +=item How can I convert my shell script to perl? -=over 4 +=item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session? -=item Internet Line Terminators +=item How can I write expect in Perl? -=item Internet TCP Clients and Servers +=item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as +"ps"? -=item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers +=item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How +come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my +changes to be visible? -=back +Unix -=item TCP Clients with IO::Socket +=item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to +complete? -=over 4 +=item How do I fork a daemon process? -=item A Simple Client +=item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not? -C, C, C +=item How do I timeout a slow event? -=item A Webget Client +=item How do I set CPU limits? -=item Interactive Client with IO::Socket +=item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system? -=back +=item How do I use an SQL database? -=item TCP Servers with IO::Socket +=item How do I make a system() exit on control-C? -Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse +=item How do I open a file without blocking? -=item UDP: Message Passing +=item How do I tell the difference between errors from the shell and perl? -=item SysV IPC +=item How do I install a module from CPAN? -=item NOTES +=item What's the difference between require and use? -=item BUGS +=item How do I keep my own module/library directory? -=item AUTHOR +=item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library +search path? -=item SEE ALSO +=item How do I add a directory to my include path (@INC) at runtime? + +=item What is socket.ph and where do I get it? =back -=head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change) +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=over 4 +=back -=item SYNOPSIS +=head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.16 $, $Date: 2004/10/30 12:20:59 +$) + +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 -=item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes +=item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script? -$$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept -filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to -files, directories and network sockets +=item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500 +Server Error) -=item Resource limits +=item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program? -=item Killing the parent process +=item How do I remove HTML from a string? -=item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes +=item How do I extract URLs? -=item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS +=item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a +file on another machine? -BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented, -Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger -application, Thread-safety of extensions +=item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML? -=back +=item How do I fetch an HTML file? -=item BUGS +=item How do I automate an HTML form submission? -=item AUTHOR +=item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web? -=item SEE ALSO +=item How do I redirect to another page? -=back +=item How do I put a password on my web pages? -=head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl +=item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl? -=over 4 +=item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my +CGI script to do bad things? -=item SYNOPSIS +=item How do I parse a mail header? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How do I decode a CGI form? -=item Storing numbers +=item How do I check a valid mail address? -=item Numeric operators and numeric conversions +=item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string? -=item Flavors of Perl numeric operations +=item How do I return the user's mail address? -Arithmetic operators except, C, Arithmetic operators except, -C, Bitwise operators, C, Bitwise operators, C, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a -string +=item How do I send mail? -=item AUTHOR +=item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message? -=item SEE ALSO +=item How do I read mail? -=back +=item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address? -=head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl +=item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups? -=over 4 +=item How do I fetch/put an FTP file? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How can I do RPC in Perl? =back -=head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=over 4 +=back -=item DESCRIPTION +=head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax -=item What Is A Thread Anyway? +=over 4 -=item Threaded Program Models +=item DESCRIPTION =over 4 -=item Boss/Worker - -=item Work Crew +=item Declarations -=item Pipeline +=item Comments -=back +=item Simple Statements -=item Native threads +=item Truth and Falsehood -=item What kind of threads are perl threads? +=item Statement Modifiers -=item Threadsafe Modules +=item Compound Statements -=item Thread Basics +=item Loop Control -=over 4 +=item For Loops -=item Basic Thread Support +=item Foreach Loops -=item Creating Threads +=item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements -=item Giving up control +=item Goto -=item Waiting For A Thread To Exit +=item PODs: Embedded Documentation -=item Errors In Threads +=item Plain Old Comments (Not!) -=item Ignoring A Thread +=back =back -=item Threads And Data +=head2 perldata - Perl data types =over 4 -=item Shared And Unshared Data - -=item Thread Pitfall: Races - -=item Controlling access: lock() +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks +=over 4 -=item Queues: Passing Data Around +=item Variable names -=back +=item Context -=item Threads And Code +=item Scalar values -=over 4 +=item Scalar value constructors -=item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access +=item List value constructors -Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores +=item Subscripts -=item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines +=item Slices -=item Subroutine Locks +=item Typeglobs and Filehandles -=item Methods +=back -=item Locking A Subroutine +=item SEE ALSO =back -=item General Thread Utility Routines +=head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence =over 4 -=item What Thread Am I In? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Thread IDs +=over 4 -=item Are These Threads The Same? +=item Operator Precedence and Associativity -=item What Threads Are Running? +=item Terms and List Operators (Leftward) -=back +=item The Arrow Operator -=item A Complete Example +=item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement -=item Conclusion +=item Exponentiation -=item Bibliography +=item Symbolic Unary Operators -=over 4 +=item Binding Operators -=item Introductory Texts +=item Multiplicative Operators -=item OS-Related References +=item Additive Operators -=item Other References +=item Shift Operators -=back +=item Named Unary Operators -=item Acknowledgements +=item Relational Operators -=item AUTHOR +=item Equality Operators -=item Copyrights +=item Bitwise And -=back +=item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or -=head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl +=item C-style Logical And -=over 4 +=item C-style Logical Or -=item DESCRIPTION +=item C-style Logical Defined-Or -Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I -portable +=item Range Operators -=item ISSUES +=item Conditional Operator -=over 4 +=item Assignment Operators -=item Newlines +=item Comma Operator -=item Numbers endianness and Width +=item List Operators (Rightward) -=item Files and Filesystems +=item Logical Not -=item System Interaction +=item Logical And -=item Interprocess Communication (IPC) +=item Logical or, Defined or, and Exclusive Or -=item External Subroutines (XS) +=item C Operators Missing From Perl -=item Standard Modules +unary &, unary *, (TYPE) -=item Time and Date +=item Quote and Quote-like Operators -=item Character sets and character encoding +=item Regexp Quote-Like Operators -=item Internationalisation +?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>, +qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/, +s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, +y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <, C, C, C, C, C<''>, C, C<"">, +C<``>, C, C, C<< >>, C, C, C, +C,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of +regular expressions -=item Style +=item I/O Operators -=back +=item Constant Folding -=item CPAN Testers +=item No-ops -Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results: -http://testers.cpan.org/ +=item Bitwise String Operators -=item PLATFORMS +=item Integer Arithmetic -=over 4 +=item Floating-point Arithmetic -=item Unix +=item Bigger Numbers -=item DOS and Derivatives +=back -=item S +=back -=item VMS +=head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines -=item VOS +=over 4 -=item EBCDIC Platforms +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Acorn RISC OS +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Other perls +=over 4 -=back +=item Private Variables via my() -=item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS +=item Persistent Private Variables -=over 4 +=item Temporary Values via local() -=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions +=item Lvalue subroutines --I FILEHANDLE, -I EXPR, -I, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode -FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt -PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec -LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock -FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority -WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, -getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, -getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, -getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent -STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, -endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt -SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, -kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, -lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv -ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe -READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select -RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget -KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP, -setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt -SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, -shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET, -socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat -EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen -FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate -FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST, -wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS +Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL -=back +=item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs) -=item CHANGES +=item When to Still Use local() -v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000, -v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 -May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February -1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September -1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, -v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998 +=item Pass by Reference -=item Supported Platforms +=item Prototypes -=item SEE ALSO +=item Constant Functions -=item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS +=item Overriding Built-in Functions -=item VERSION +=item Autoloading + +=item Subroutine Attributes =back -=head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and -localization) +=item SEE ALSO -=over 4 +=back -=item DESCRIPTION +=head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions -=item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES +=over 4 -=item USING LOCALES +=item DESCRIPTION =over 4 -=item The use locale pragma - -=item The setlocale function +=item Perl Functions by Category -=item Finding locales +Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching, +Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data, +Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed +length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories, +Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related +to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process +groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and +object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess +communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network +info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted +in perl5 -=item LOCALE PROBLEMS +=item Portability -=item Temporarily fixing locale problems +=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions -=item Permanently fixing locale problems +-I FILEHANDLE, -I EXPR, -I, abs VALUE, abs, accept +NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, +binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless +REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp( +LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, +chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE, +connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, +dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete +EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump, +each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, +exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl +FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, +fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, +getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam +NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname +NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr +ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, +getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, +getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent +STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, +endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, +getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, +goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, +import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl +FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, +last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, +link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, +lock THING, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map +EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget +KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my +TYPE EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRS, my TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, next LABEL, next, no +Module VERSION LIST, no Module VERSION, no Module LIST, no Module, oct +EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open +FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE, +opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR TYPE, our EXPR : +ATTRS, our TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, +package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, +print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, +printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, +qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, +rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read +FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, +readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, +ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, +require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir +DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, +rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir +DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, +semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send +SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority +WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY, +shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, +shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep +EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair +SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST, +sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, +splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split +/PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, format +parameter index, flags, vector flag, (minimum) width, precision, or maximum +width, size, order of arguments, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat +FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub NAME BLOCK, sub NAME +(PROTO) BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK, +substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr +EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall NUMBER, LIST, sysopen +FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread +FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek +FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite +FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, +syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie +VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate +FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, +ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack +TEMPLATE,EXPR, unpack TEMPLATE, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use +Module VERSION LIST, use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use +VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid +PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y/// -=item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration +=back -=item Fixing system locale configuration +=back -=item The localeconv function +=head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl -=item I18N::Langinfo +=over 4 -=back +=item DESCRIPTION -=item LOCALE CATEGORIES +=item Open E la shell =over 4 -=item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation +=item Simple Opens -=item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types +=item Indirect Filehandles -=item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting +=item Pipe Opens -=item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts +=item The Minus File -=item LC_TIME +=item Mixing Reads and Writes -=item Other categories +=item Filters =back -=item SECURITY - -=item ENVIRONMENT +=item Open E la C -PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, -LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG +=over 4 -=item NOTES +=item Permissions E la mode -=over 4 +=back -=item Backward compatibility +=item Obscure Open Tricks -=item I18N:Collate obsolete +=over 4 -=item Sort speed and memory use impacts +=item Re-Opening Files (dups) -=item write() and LC_NUMERIC +=item Dispelling the Dweomer -=item Freely available locale definitions +=item Paths as Opens -=item I18n and l10n +=item Single Argument Open -=item An imperfect standard +=item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT =back -=item BUGS +=item Other I/O Issues =over 4 -=item Broken systems +=item Opening Non-File Files + +=item Opening Named Pipes + +=item Opening Sockets + +=item Binary Files + +=item File Locking + +=item IO Layers =back -=item SEE ALSO +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT =item HISTORY =back -=head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction +=head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C and C =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over 4 +=item The Basic Principle -=item Unicode +=item Packing Text -=item Perl's Unicode Support +=item Packing Numbers -=item Perl's Unicode Model +=over 4 -=item Creating Unicode +=item Integers -=item Handling Unicode +=item Unpacking a Stack Frame -=item Legacy Encodings +=item How to Eat an Egg on a Net -=item Unicode I/O +=item Byte-order modifiers -=item Displaying Unicode As Text +=item Floating point Numbers -=item Special Cases +=back -=item Advanced Topics +=item Exotic Templates -=item Miscellaneous +=over 4 -=item Questions With Answers +=item Bit Strings + +=item Uuencoding -, , , , , , +=item Doing Sums -=item Hexadecimal Notation +=item Unicode -=item Further Resources +=item Another Portable Binary Encoding =back -=item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS +=item Template Grouping -=item SEE ALSO +=item Lengths and Widths -=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS +=over 4 -=item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE +=item String Lengths + +=item Dynamic Templates + +=item Counting Repetitions =back -=head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl +=item Packing and Unpacking C Structures =over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item The Alignment Pit -=over 4 +=item Dealing with Endian-ness -=item Important Caveats +=item Alignment, Take 2 -Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C still needed -to enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts +=item Alignment, Take 3 -=item Byte and Character semantics +=item Pointers for How to Use Them -=item Effects of character semantics +=back -=item Scripts +=item Pack Recipes -=item Blocks +=item Funnies Section -=item Character encodings for input and output +=item Authors =back -=item CAVEATS +=head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format + +=over 4 -=item UNICODE REGULAR EXPRESSION SUPPORT LEVEL +=item DESCRIPTION =over 4 -=item Unicode Encodings +=item Ordinary Paragraph -=item Security Implications of Malformed UTF-8 +=item Verbatim Paragraph -=item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC +=item Command Paragraph -=item Using Unicode in XS +C<=head1 I>, C<=head2 I>, C<=head3 I>, C<=head4 I>, C<=over I>, C<=item +I>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I>, C<=end +I>, C<=for I I>, C<=encoding +I> + +=item Formatting Codes + +CtextE> -- italic text, CtextE> -- bold text, +CcodeE> -- code text, CnameE> -- a hyperlink, +CescapeE> -- a character escape, CfilenameE> -- used +for filenames, CtextE> -- text contains non-breaking spaces, +Ctopic nameE> -- an index entry, CE> -- a null +(zero-effect) formatting code + +=item The Intent + +=item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules + +=item Hints for Writing Pod =back =item SEE ALSO +=item AUTHOR + =back -=head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms +=head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and +notes =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS +=item Pod Definitions -=over 4 +=item Pod Commands -=item ASCII +"=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item", +"=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text...", +"=encoding encodingname" -=item ISO 8859 +=item Pod Formatting Codes -=item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1) +CtextE> -- italic text, CtextE> -- bold text, +CcodeE> -- code text, CfilenameE> -- style for +filenames, Ctopic nameE> -- an index entry, CE> -- a +null (zero-effect) formatting code, CnameE> -- a hyperlink, +CescapeE> -- a character escape, CtextE> -- text +contains non-breaking spaces -=item EBCDIC +=item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors -=item 13 variant characters +=item About LE...E Codes -=item 0037 +First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth: -=item 1047 +=item About =over...=back Regions -=item POSIX-BC +=item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions -=item Unicode and UTF +=item SEE ALSO -=item Using Encode +=item AUTHOR =back -=item SINGLE OCTET TABLES +=head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter -recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6 +=over 4 -=item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS +=item SYNOPSIS -=item CONVERSIONS +=item DESCRIPTION =over 4 -=item tr/// +=item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems -=item iconv +OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS -=item C RTL +=item Location of Perl -=back +=item Command Switches -=item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES +B<-0>[I], B<-A [I]>, B<-a>, B<-C +[I]>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-dt>, B<-d:>I, +B<-dt:>I, B<-D>I, B<-D>I, B<-e> +I, B<-F>I, B<-h>, B<-i>[I], +B<-I>I, B<-l>[I], B<-m>[B<->]I, +B<-M>[B<->]I, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>, +B<-[mM]>[B<->]I, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>, +B<-t>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I, B<-w>, B<-W>, +B<-X>, B<-x>, B<-x> I -=item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES +=back -chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack() +=item ENVIRONMENT -=item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES +HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLIO, :bytes, :crlf, :mmap, +:perlio, :pop, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PERLIO_DEBUG, PERLLIB, +PERL5DB, PERL5DB_THREADED, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), +PERL_ALLOW_NON_IFS_LSP (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, +PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_DL_NONLAZY, PERL_ENCODING, PERL_HASH_SEED, +PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), PERL_SIGNALS, +PERL_UNICODE, SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port) -=item SOCKETS +=back -=item SORTING +=head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics =over 4 -=item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences. - -=item MONO CASE then sort data. - -=item Convert, sort data, then re convert. - -=item Perform sorting on one type of machine only. +=item DESCRIPTION =back -=item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS +=head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings =over 4 -=item URL decoding and encoding - -=item uu encoding and decoding - -=item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding - -=item Caesarian ciphers - -=back - -=item Hashing order and checksums - -=item I18N AND L10N +=item DESCRIPTION -=item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS +=over 4 -=item OS ISSUES +=item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings -=over 4 +=item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W> -=item OS/400 +=item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line -IFS access +B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X> -=item OS/390, z/OS +=item Backward Compatibility -chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales +=item Category Hierarchy -=item VM/ESA? +=item Fatal Warnings -=item POSIX-BC? +=item Reporting Warnings from a Module =back -=item BUGS +=item TODO =item SEE ALSO -=item REFERENCES - -=item HISTORY - =item AUTHOR =back -=head2 perlsec - Perl security +=head2 perldebug - Perl debugging =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION +=item The Perl Debugger + =over 4 -=item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data +=item Debugger Commands -=item Switches On the "#!" Line +h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], y +[level [vars]], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, , c [line|sub], l, l +min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, v [line], f filename, /pattern/, +?pattern?, L [abw], S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b, b [line] [condition], b +subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b +compile subname, B line, B *, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W +expr, W *, o, o booloption .., o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [ +command ], < *, << command, > ?, > command, > *, >> command, { ?, { [ +command ], { *, {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, source +file, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man +[manpage] -=item Cleaning Up Your Path +=item Configurable Options -=item Security Bugs +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C -=item Protecting Your Programs +=item Debugger input/output + +Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame +listing + +=item Debugging compile-time statements + +=item Debugger Customization + +=item Readline Support + +=item Editor Support for Debugging + +=item The Perl Profiler =back +=item Debugging regular expressions + +=item Debugging memory usage + =item SEE ALSO +=item BUGS + =back -=head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables) +=head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables =over 4 @@ -2731,925 +2392,925 @@ chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales =over 4 -=item Packages - -=item Symbol Tables - -=item Package Constructors and Destructors +=item Predefined Names -=item Perl Classes +$ARG, $_, $a, $b, $>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $', +$LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, +HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, +IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, +HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, +IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, +IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, +$\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $#, +HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, +HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, +HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, +@-, C<$`> is the same as C, C<$&> is the same as +C, C<$'> is the same as C, C<$1> is the same as C, C<$2> +is the same as C, C<$3> is the same as +C, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR), +$FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^, +IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR, +$FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR, +$FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING}, +$OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@, +$PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, +$>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), +$PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D, +$SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O, +${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, +0x100, 0x200, 0x400, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, +$EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, ${^UNICODE}, +$PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, +ARGV, $ARGV, @ARGV, ARGVOUT, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, +$SIG{expr} -=item Perl Modules +=item Error Indicators -=item Making your module threadsafe +=item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names =back -=item SEE ALSO +=item BUGS =back -=head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules +=head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION +i, m, s, x + =over 4 -=item PREAMBLE +=item Regular Expressions -B the file, B the file into a directory, B the -module (sometimes unnecessary), B the module +[1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit -=back +=item Extended Patterns -=item PORTABILITY +C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>, +C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?, C<(?{ +code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>, +C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)> -=item HEY +=item Backtracking -=item AUTHOR +=item Version 8 Regular Expressions -=item COPYRIGHT +=item Warning on \1 vs $1 -=back +=item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring -=head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones +=item Combining pieces together -=over 4 +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>, +C<(?!S)>, C<(?, C<(??{ EXPR })>, +C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)> -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Creating custom RE engines -=item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY +=back -=over 4 +=item BUGS -=item Pragmatic Modules +=item SEE ALSO -attributes, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, diagnostics, -encoding, fields, filetest, integer, less, locale, open, overload, sigtrap, -sort, strict, subs, utf8, vars, vmsish, warnings, warnings::register +=back -=item Standard Modules +=head2 perlreref - Perl Regular Expressions Reference -AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, Benchmark, CGI, -CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, -CGI::Switch, CGI::Util, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, -Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA, Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, Devel::SelfStubber, -Digest, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, English, Env, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, -ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Constant, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, -ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, -ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, -ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, -ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, -ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, -File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path, File::Spec, -File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions, -File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, -File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, -Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, -I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, -Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, Locale::Language, -Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, -Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, -Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile, -Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File, -Memoize::Storable, NEXT, Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, -Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, -Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, -PerlIO, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html, -Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils, -Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, -Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, Pod::t::basic, -Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Switch, Symbol, -Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, -Test::Builder, Test::Harness, Test::More, Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial, -Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, -Text::Wrap, Thread, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, -Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, -Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::UCD, User::grent, -User::pwent, Win32 +=over 4 -=item Extension Modules +=item DESCRIPTION -=back +=over 4 -=item CPAN +=item OPERATORS -=over 4 +=item SYNTAX -=item Africa +=item ESCAPE SEQUENCES -=item Asia +=item CHARACTER CLASSES -=item Central America +=item ANCHORS -=item Europe +=item QUANTIFIERS -=item North America +=item EXTENDED CONSTRUCTS -=item Oceania +=item VARIABLES -=item South America +=item FUNCTIONS + +=item TERMINOLOGY =back -=item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse +=item AUTHOR -=over 4 +=item SEE ALSO -=item Guidelines for Module Creation +=item THANKS -=item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules +=back -=item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code +=head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures -=back +=over 4 =item NOTE -=back - -=head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide +=item DESCRIPTION =over 4 -=item INTRODUCTION +=item Making References -=item QUICK CHECKLIST +=item Using References -=over 4 +=item Symbolic references -=item Before you start +=item Not-so-symbolic references -=item The API +=item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash -=item Stability +=item Function Templates -=item Documentation +=back -=item Release considerations +=item WARNING + +=item SEE ALSO =back -=item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE +=head2 perlform - Perl formats =over 4 -=item Has it been done before? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Do one thing and do it well +=over 4 -=item What's in a name? +=item Text Fields -=back +=item Numeric Fields -=item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE +=item The Field @* for Variable Width Multi-Line Text -=over 4 +=item The Field ^* for Variable Width One-line-at-a-time Text -=item To OO or not to OO? +=item Specifying Values -=item Designing your API +=item Using Fill Mode -Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from -output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions, -Parameter passing +=item Suppressing Lines Where All Fields Are Void -=item Strictness and warnings +=item Repeating Format Lines -=item Backwards compatibility +=item Top of Form Processing -=item Error handling and messages +=item Format Variables =back -=item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE +=item NOTES =over 4 -=item POD +=item Footers -=item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs +=item Accessing Formatting Internals =back -=item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS +=item WARNINGS + +=back + +=head2 perlobj - Perl objects =over 4 -=item Version numbering +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Pre-requisites +=over 4 -=item Testing +=item An Object is Simply a Reference -=item Packaging +=item A Class is Simply a Package -=item Licensing +=item A Method is Simply a Subroutine -=back +=item Method Invocation -=item COMMON PITFALLS +=item Indirect Object Syntax -=over 4 +=item Default UNIVERSAL methods -=item Reinventing the wheel +isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ) -=item Trying to do too much +=item Destructors -=item Inappropriate documentation +=item Summary + +=item Two-Phased Garbage Collection =back =item SEE ALSO -L, L, L, L, Testing tools, -http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software engineering - -=item AUTHOR - =back -=head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution +=head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable =over 4 +=item SYNOPSIS + =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 -=item Warning +=item Tying Scalars -=item What should I make into a module? +TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this, +DESTROY this -=item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground +=item Tying Arrays -Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again +TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value, +FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this, +key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this, +UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY +this -=item Step-by-step: Making the module +=item Tying Hashes -Start with F, Use L and L, Use -L, Use L - wisely!, Use L, Write tests, Write the README +USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE +this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY +this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, SCALAR this, UNTIE this, DESTROY this -=item Step-by-step: Distributing your module +=item Tying FileHandles -Get a CPAN user ID, C, Upload the -tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs! +TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, +LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this, +DESTROY this -=back +=item UNTIE this -=item AUTHOR +=item The C Gotcha + +=back =item SEE ALSO +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + =back -=head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.6 $, $Date: -2002/01/31 01:46:23 $) +=head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters =over 4 +=item SYNOPSIS + =item DESCRIPTION +B, B, B, +B + =over 4 -=item What is Perl? +=item The Filter -=item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free? +=item An Example -- the NULL termination problem. -=item Which version of Perl should I use? +=item Another Example -- Key is a C int. -=item What are perl4 and perl5? +=back -=item What is perl6? +=item SEE ALSO -=item How stable is Perl? +=item AUTHOR -=item Is Perl difficult to learn? +=back -=item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, -Scheme, or Tcl? +=head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, +safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores) -=item Can I do [task] in Perl? +=over 4 -=item When shouldn't I program in Perl? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"? +=item Signals -=item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script? +=over 4 -=item What is a JAPH? +=item Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons -=item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms? +=back -=item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version -5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language? +=item Named Pipes -=back +=over 4 -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item Deferred Signals (Safe Signals) + +Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Restartable system calls, Signals as +"faults", Signals triggered by operating system state =back -=head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.8 $, -$Date: 2002/02/08 22:31:57 $) +=item Using open() for IPC =over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Filehandles -=over 4 +=item Background Processes -=item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it? +=item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent -=item How can I get a binary version of Perl? +=item Safe Pipe Opens -=item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl? +=item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process -=item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts -don't work. +=item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself -=item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic -loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work? +=back -=item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN? -What does CPAN/src/... mean? +=item Sockets: Client/Server Communication -=item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl? +=over 4 -=item Where can I get information on Perl? +=item Internet Line Terminators -=item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions? +=item Internet TCP Clients and Servers -=item Where should I post source code? +=item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers -=item Perl Books +=back -References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics +=item TCP Clients with IO::Socket -=item Perl in Magazines +=over 4 -=item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access +=item A Simple Client -=item What mailing lists are there for Perl? +C, C, C -=item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc +=item A Webget Client -=item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl? +=item Interactive Client with IO::Socket -=item Where do I send bug reports? +=back -=item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org? +=item TCP Servers with IO::Socket -=back +Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item UDP: Message Passing + +=item SysV IPC + +=item NOTES + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date: 2002/02/11 -19:29:52 $) +=head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation =over 4 +=item SYNOPSIS + =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 -=item How do I do (anything)? - -=item How can I use Perl interactively? - -=item Is there a Perl shell? +=item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes -=item How do I debug my Perl programs? +$$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept +filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to +files, directories and network sockets -=item How do I profile my Perl programs? +=item Resource limits -=item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs? +=item Killing the parent process -=item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl? +=item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes -=item Is there a ctags for Perl? +=item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS -=item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor? +BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented, +Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger +application, Thread-safety of extensions -Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, -CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright, -MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha +=back -=item Where can I get Perl macros for vi? +=item BUGS -=item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs? +=item AUTHOR -=item How can I use curses with Perl? +=item SEE ALSO -=item How can I use X or Tk with Perl? +=back -=item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk? +=head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl -=item How can I make my Perl program run faster? +=over 4 -=item How can I make my Perl program take less memory? +=item SYNOPSIS -Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and -stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data? +=item Storing numbers -=item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks? +=item Numeric operators and numeric conversions -=item How can I make my CGI script more efficient? +=item Flavors of Perl numeric operations -=item How can I hide the source for my Perl program? +Arithmetic operators, ++, Arithmetic operators during C, Other +mathematical operators, Bitwise operators, Bitwise operators during C, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a +string -=item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C? +=item AUTHOR -=item How can I compile Perl into Java? +=item SEE ALSO -=item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]? +=back -=item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line? +=head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl -=item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system? +=over 4 -=item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming? +=item Status -=item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp] +=item What Is A Thread Anyway? -=item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in -my C program; what am I doing wrong? +=item Threaded Program Models -=item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean? +=over 4 -=item What's MakeMaker? +=item Boss/Worker -=back +=item Work Crew -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item Pipeline =back -=head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.14 $, $Date: 2002/02/08 -22:30:23 $) - -=over 4 +=item What kind of threads are Perl threads? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Thread-Safe Modules -=item Data: Numbers +=item Thread Basics =over 4 -=item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the -numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)? +=item Basic Thread Support -=item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly? +=item A Note about the Examples -=item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()? -Trig functions? +=item Creating Threads -=item How do I convert between numeric representations? +=item Waiting For A Thread To Exit -B, B, B, B, B, B +=item Ignoring A Thread -=item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to? +=back -=item How do I multiply matrices? +=item Threads And Data -=item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers? +=over 4 -=item How can I output Roman numerals? +=item Shared And Unshared Data -=item Why aren't my random numbers random? +=item Thread Pitfalls: Races =back -=item Data: Dates +=item Synchronization and control =over 4 -=item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year? +=item Controlling access: lock() + +=item A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks -=item How do I find the current century or millennium? +=item Queues: Passing Data Around -=item How can I compare two dates and find the difference? +=item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access -=item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds? +=item Basic semaphores -=item How can I find the Julian Day? +=item Advanced Semaphores -=item How do I find yesterday's date? +=item cond_wait() and cond_signal() -=item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant? +=item Giving up control =back -=item Data: Strings +=item General Thread Utility Routines =over 4 -=item How do I validate input? - -=item How do I unescape a string? +=item What Thread Am I In? -=item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters? +=item Thread IDs -=item How do I expand function calls in a string? +=item Are These Threads The Same? -=item How do I find matching/nesting anything? +=item What Threads Are Running? -=item How do I reverse a string? +=back -=item How do I expand tabs in a string? +=item A Complete Example -=item How do I reformat a paragraph? +=item Different implementations of threads -=item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string? +=item Performance considerations -=item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something? +=item Process-scope Changes -=item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a -string? +=item Thread-Safety of System Libraries -=item How do I capitalize all the words on one line? +=item Conclusion -=item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside -[character]? (Comma-separated files) +=item Bibliography -=item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string? +=over 4 -=item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes? +=item Introductory Texts -=item How do I extract selected columns from a string? +=item OS-Related References -=item How do I find the soundex value of a string? +=item Other References -=item How can I expand variables in text strings? +=back -=item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"? +=item Acknowledgements -=item Why don't my < +portable -=item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename? +=item ISSUES -=item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out? +=over 4 -=item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>? +=item Newlines -=item Is there a leak/bug in glob()? +=item Numbers endianness and Width -=item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks? +=item Files and Filesystems -=item How can I reliably rename a file? +=item System Interaction -=item How can I lock a file? +=item Command names versus file pathnames -=item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")? +=item Networking -=item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in -the file. How can I do this? +=item Interprocess Communication (IPC) -=item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a -file. Do I still have to use locking? +=item External Subroutines (XS) -=item How do I randomly update a binary file? +=item Standard Modules -=item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl? +=item Time and Date -=item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl? +=item Character sets and character encoding -=item How do I print to more than one file at once? +=item Internationalisation -=item How can I read in an entire file all at once? +=item System Resources -=item How can I read in a file by paragraphs? +=item Security -=item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard? +=item Style -=item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle? +=back -=item How do I do a C in perl? +=item CPAN Testers -=item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl? +Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results: +http://testers.cpan.org/ -=item How do I close a file descriptor by number? +=item PLATFORMS -=item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't -`C:\temp\foo.exe` work? +=over 4 -=item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files? +=item Unix -=item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber -protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl? +=item DOS and Derivatives -=item How do I select a random line from a file? +=item S -=item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines? +=item VMS -=back +=item VOS -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item EBCDIC Platforms -=back +=item Acorn RISC OS -=head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date: 2002/01/31 -04:27:55 $) +=item Other perls -=over 4 +=back -=item DESCRIPTION +=item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS =over 4 -=item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible -and unmaintainable code? - -Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters +=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions -=item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong? +-I FILEHANDLE, -I EXPR, -I, binmode FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown +LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen +HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl +FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, +getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, +getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, +getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, +gethostbyname, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, sethostent +STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, +endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, +getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl +FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat +FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd +ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open +FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select +RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget +KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP, +setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt +SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, +shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET, +socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat +EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen +FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate +FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST, +wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS -=item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on -different lines? +=back -=item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong? +=item CHANGES -=item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving -case on the RHS? +v1.49, 12 August 2002, v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, +v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, +v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April +1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December +1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August +1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998 -=item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets? +=item Supported Platforms -=item How can I match a locale-smart version of C? +=item SEE ALSO -=item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex? +=item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS -=item What is C really for? +=back -=item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a -file? +=head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and +localization) -=item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text? +=over 4 -=item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item How do I process each word on each line? +=item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES -=item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary? +=item USING LOCALES -=item How can I do approximate matching? +=over 4 -=item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once? +=item The use locale pragma -=item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me? +=item The setlocale function -=item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down? +=item Finding locales -=item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression? +=item LOCALE PROBLEMS -=item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant? +=item Temporarily fixing locale problems -=item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context? +=item Permanently fixing locale problems -=item How can I match strings with multibyte characters? +=item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration -=item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user? +=item Fixing system locale configuration -=back +=item The localeconv function -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item I18N::Langinfo =back -=head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.7 $, $Date: -2002/01/31 04:27:55 $) - -=over 4 - -=item DESCRIPTION +=item LOCALE CATEGORIES =over 4 -=item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language? - -=item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to -use them? - -=item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and -commas? - -=item How do I skip some return values? - -=item How do I temporarily block warnings? - -=item What's an extension? +=item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation -=item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators? +=item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types -=item How do I declare/create a structure? +=item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting -=item How do I create a module? +=item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts -=item How do I create a class? +=item LC_TIME -=item How can I tell if a variable is tainted? +=item Other categories -=item What's a closure? +=back -=item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it? +=item SECURITY -=item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method, -Regex}? +=item ENVIRONMENT -Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes, -Passing Methods +PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, +LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG -=item How do I create a static variable? +=item NOTES -=item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? -Between local() and my()? +=over 4 -=item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical -is in scope? +=item Backward compatibility -=item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding? +=item I18N:Collate obsolete -=item Why doesn't "my($foo) = ;" work right? +=item Sort speed and memory use impacts -=item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method? +=item write() and LC_NUMERIC -=item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()? +=item Freely available locale definitions -=item How do I create a switch or case statement? +=item I18n and l10n -=item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods? +=item An imperfect standard -=item Why can't a method included in this same file be found? +=back -=item How can I find out my current package? +=item Unicode and UTF-8 -=item How can I comment out a large block of perl code? +=item BUGS -=item How do I clear a package? +=over 4 -=item How can I use a variable as a variable name? +=item Broken systems =back -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item SEE ALSO + +=item HISTORY =back -=head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.6 $, $Date: 2002/01/28 -04:17:27 $) +=head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction =over 4 @@ -3657,240 +3318,239 @@ is in scope? =over 4 -=item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under? +=item Unicode -=item How come exec() doesn't return? +=item Perl's Unicode Support -=item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse? +=item Perl's Unicode Model -Keyboard, Screen, Mouse +=item Unicode and EBCDIC -=item How do I print something out in color? +=item Creating Unicode -=item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key? - -=item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard? - -=item How do I clear the screen? - -=item How do I get the screen size? - -=item How do I ask the user for a password? - -=item How do I read and write the serial port? +=item Handling Unicode -lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input +=item Legacy Encodings -=item How do I decode encrypted password files? +=item Unicode I/O -=item How do I start a process in the background? +=item Displaying Unicode As Text -STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies +=item Special Cases -=item How do I trap control characters/signals? +=item Advanced Topics -=item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system? +=item Miscellaneous -=item How do I set the time and date? +=item Questions With Answers -=item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second? +=item Hexadecimal Notation -=item How can I measure time under a second? +=item Further Resources -=item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling) +=back -=item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What -does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean? +=item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS -=item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl? +=item SEE ALSO -=item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()? +=item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -=item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems? +=item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE -=item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command? +=back -=item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()? +=head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl -=item How can I capture STDERR from an external command? +=over 4 -=item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context? +=over 4 -=item How can I call backticks without shell processing? +=item Important Caveats -=item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, -^Z on MS-DOS)? +Input and Output Layers, Regular Expressions, C still needed to +enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts, BOM-marked scripts and UTF-16 scripts +autodetected, C needed to upgrade non-Latin-1 byte strings -=item How can I convert my shell script to perl? +=item Byte and Character Semantics -=item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session? +=item Effects of Character Semantics -=item How can I write expect in Perl? +=item Scripts -=item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as -"ps"? +=item Blocks -=item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How -come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my -changes to be visible? +=item User-Defined Character Properties -Unix +=item Character Encodings for Input and Output -=item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to -complete? +=item Unicode Regular Expression Support Level -=item How do I fork a daemon process? +=item Unicode Encodings -=item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not? +=item Security Implications of Unicode -=item How do I timeout a slow event? +=item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC -=item How do I set CPU limits? +=item Locales -=item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system? +=item When Unicode Does Not Happen -=item How do I use an SQL database? +=item Forcing Unicode in Perl (Or Unforcing Unicode in Perl) -=item How do I make a system() exit on control-C? +=item Using Unicode in XS -=item How do I open a file without blocking? +=back -=item How do I install a module from CPAN? +=item BUGS -=item What's the difference between require and use? +=over 4 -=item How do I keep my own module/library directory? +=item Interaction with Locales -=item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library -search path? +=item Interaction with Extensions -=item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime? +=item Speed -=item What is socket.ph and where do I get it? +=item Porting code from perl-5.6.X =back -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.7 $, $Date: 2002/01/28 04:17:27 -$) +=head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION +=item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS + =over 4 -=item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script? +=item ASCII -=item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500 -Server Error) +=item ISO 8859 -=item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program? +=item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1) -=item How do I remove HTML from a string? +=item EBCDIC -=item How do I extract URLs? +=item 13 variant characters -=item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a -file on another machine? +=item 0037 -=item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML? +=item 1047 -=item How do I fetch an HTML file? +=item POSIX-BC -=item How do I automate an HTML form submission? +=item Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points -=item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web? +=item Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC -=item How do I redirect to another page? +=item Unicode and UTF -=item How do I put a password on my web pages? +=item Using Encode -=item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl? +=back -=item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my -CGI script to do bad things? +=item SINGLE OCTET TABLES -=item How do I parse a mail header? +recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6 -=item How do I decode a CGI form? +=item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS -=item How do I check a valid mail address? +=item CONVERSIONS -=item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string? +=over 4 -=item How do I return the user's mail address? +=item tr/// -=item How do I send mail? +=item iconv -=item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message? +=item C RTL -=item How do I read mail? +=back -=item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address? +=item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES -=item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups? +=item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES -=item How do I fetch/put an FTP file? +chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack() -=item How can I do RPC in Perl? +=item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES -=back +=item SOCKETS -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item SORTING + +=over 4 + +=item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences. + +=item MONO CASE then sort data. + +=item Convert, sort data, then re convert. + +=item Perform sorting on one type of machine only. =back -=head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator +=item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS =over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item URL decoding and encoding -=over 4 +=item uu encoding and decoding -=item Layout +=item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding -B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref +=item Caesarian ciphers =back -=item Using The Back Ends +=item Hashing order and checksums -=over 4 +=item I18N AND L10N -=item The Cross Referencing Back End +=item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS -i, &, s, r +=item OS ISSUES -=item The Decompiling Back End +=over 4 -=item The Lint Back End +=item OS/400 -=item The Simple C Back End +PASE, IFS access -=item The Bytecode Back End +=item OS/390, z/OS -=item The Optimized C Back End +chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales -B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, -B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, -B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref +=item VM/ESA? + +=item POSIX-BC? =back -=item KNOWN PROBLEMS +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item REFERENCES + +=item HISTORY =item AUTHOR =back -=head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program +=head2 perlsec - Perl security =over 4 @@ -3898,304 +3558,370 @@ B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref =over 4 -=item PREAMBLE - -B, B, B, B, B - -=item ROADMAP - -=item Compiling your C program +=item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data -=item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program +=item Switches On the "#!" Line -=item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program +=item Taint mode and @INC -=item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program +=item Cleaning Up Your Path -=item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program +=item Security Bugs -=item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program +=item Protecting Your Programs -=item Maintaining a persistent interpreter +=item Unicode -=item Execution of END blocks +=item Algorithmic Complexity Attacks -=item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances +=back -=item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C -program +=item SEE ALSO =back -=item Embedding Perl under Win32 - -=item MORAL +=head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables) -=item AUTHOR +=over 4 -=item COPYRIGHT +=item DESCRIPTION -=back +=over 4 -=head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging +=item Packages -=over 4 +=item Symbol Tables -=item DESCRIPTION +=item BEGIN, CHECK, INIT and END -=item Debugger Internals +=item Perl Classes -=over 4 +=item Perl Modules -=item Writing Your Own Debugger +=item Making your module threadsafe =back -=item Frame Listing Output Examples +=item SEE ALSO -=item Debugging regular expressions +=back + +=head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones =over 4 -=item Compile-time output +=item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY -C I C I, C I C -I, C, C, C -I, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C +=over 4 -=item Types of nodes +=item Pragmatic Modules -=item Run-time output +assertions, assertions::activate, attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint, +bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding, +fields, filetest, if, integer, less, lib, locale, open, ops, overload, re, +sigtrap, sort, strict, subs, threads, threads::shared, utf8, vars, version, +vmsish, warnings, warnings::register -=back +=item Standard Modules -=item Debugging Perl memory usage +AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, +B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug, +B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, +B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, +CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util, +CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA, +Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DBM_Filter, DB_File, Data::Dumper, +Devel::DProf, Devel::PPPort, Devel::Peek, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, +Digest::MD5, Digest::base, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, Encode, +Encode::Alias, Encode::Byte, Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CN, +Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::Config, Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Encoder, +Encode::Encoding, Encode::Guess, Encode::JP, Encode::JP::H2Z, +Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::MIME::Header, +Encode::PerlIO, Encode::Supported, Encode::Symbol, Encode::TW, +Encode::Unicode, Encode::Unicode::UTF7, English, Env, Errno, Exporter, +Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM, +ExtUtils::Constant, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, +ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_Any, +ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_DOS, +ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_UWIN, +ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32, +ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, +ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial, +ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish, +ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, +ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, +File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, +File::Glob, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc, +File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, +File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, +FileHandle, Filter::Simple, Filter::Util::Call, FindBin, GDBM_File, +Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util, I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags, +I18N::LangTags::List, I18N::Langinfo, IO, IO::Dir, IO::File, IO::Handle, +IO::Pipe, IO::Poll, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IO::Socket::INET, +IO::Socket::UNIX, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, IPC::SysV, IPC::SysV::Msg, +IPC::SysV::Semaphore, List::Util, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, +Locale::Currency, Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext, +Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Locale::Script, MIME::Base64, +MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, +Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::BigInt::CalcEmu, Math::BigRat, Math::Complex, +Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire, +Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File, +Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Cmd, +Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3, +Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent, +Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO, +PerlIO::encoding, PerlIO::scalar, PerlIO::via, PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint, +Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, +Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, +Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker, Pod::Perldoc::ToMan, Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff, +Pod::Perldoc::ToPod, Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf, Pod::Perldoc::ToText, +Pod::Perldoc::ToTk, Pod::Perldoc::ToXml, Pod::PlainText, Pod::Plainer, +Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike, +Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Scalar::Util, +Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch, +Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, +Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Builder, Test::Harness, +Test::Harness::Assert, Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Straps, +Test::More, Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, +Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread, +Thread::Queue, Thread::Semaphore, Thread::Signal, Thread::Specific, +Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash, +Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::HiRes, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, +Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, +Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32, XS::APItest, XS::Typemap, +XSLoader -=over 4 +=item Extension Modules -=item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}> +=back -C, Free/Used, C, C, C, C, C +=item CPAN -=item Example of using B<-DL> switch +=over 4 -C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704> +=item Africa -=item B<-DL> details +South Africa -C, C, C +=item Asia -=item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics +China, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Russian Federation, Saudi +Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand -=back +=item Central America -=item SEE ALSO +Costa Rica -=back +=item Europe -=head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs +Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech +Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, +Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, +Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, +Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom -=over 4 +=item North America -=item DESCRIPTION +Canada, Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Mexico, United States, +Alabama, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, +Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, +North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, +Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin -=item SPECIAL NOTES +=item Oceania -=over 4 +Australia, New Zealand, United States -=item make +=item South America -=item Version caveat +Argentina, Brazil, Chile -=item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading +=item RSYNC Mirrors =back -=item TUTORIAL +=item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse =over 4 -=item EXAMPLE 1 - -=item EXAMPLE 2 - -=item What has gone on? +=item Guidelines for Module Creation -=item Writing good test scripts +=item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules -=item EXAMPLE 3 +=item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code -=item What's new here? +=back -=item Input and Output Parameters +=item NOTE -=item The XSUBPP Program +=back -=item The TYPEMAP file +=head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide -=item Warning about Output Arguments +=over 4 -=item EXAMPLE 4 +=item INTRODUCTION -=item What has happened here? +=item QUICK CHECKLIST -=item Anatomy of .xs file +=over 4 -=item Getting the fat out of XSUBs +=item Before you start -=item More about XSUB arguments +=item The API -=item The Argument Stack +=item Stability -=item Extending your Extension +=item Documentation -=item Documenting your Extension +=item Release considerations -=item Installing your Extension +=back -=item EXAMPLE 5 +=item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE -=item New Things in this Example +=over 4 -=item EXAMPLE 6 +=item Has it been done before? -=item New Things in this Example +=item Do one thing and do it well -=item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon) +=item What's in a name? -=item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon) +=back -=item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon) +=item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE -=item Troubleshooting these Examples +=over 4 -=back +=item To OO or not to OO? -=item See also +=item Designing your API -=item Author +Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from +output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions, +Parameter passing -=over 4 +=item Strictness and warnings -=item Last Changed +=item Backwards compatibility -=back +=item Error handling and messages =back -=head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual +=item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE =over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION - -=over 4 +=item POD -=item Introduction +=item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs -=item On The Road +perl Makefile.PL, make, make test, make install, perl Build.PL, perl Build, +perl Build test, perl Build install -=item The Anatomy of an XSUB +=back -=item The Argument Stack +=item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS -=item The RETVAL Variable +=over 4 -=item The MODULE Keyword +=item Version numbering -=item The PACKAGE Keyword +=item Pre-requisites -=item The PREFIX Keyword +=item Testing -=item The OUTPUT: Keyword +=item Packaging -=item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword +=item Licensing -=item The CODE: Keyword +=back -=item The INIT: Keyword +=item COMMON PITFALLS -=item The NO_INIT Keyword +=over 4 -=item Initializing Function Parameters +=item Reinventing the wheel -=item Default Parameter Values +=item Trying to do too much -=item The PREINIT: Keyword +=item Inappropriate documentation -=item The SCOPE: Keyword +=back -=item The INPUT: Keyword +=item SEE ALSO -=item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords +L, L, L, L, Packaging Tools, +Testing tools, http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software +engineering -=item The C Keyword +=item AUTHOR -=item Variable-length Parameter Lists +=back -=item The C_ARGS: Keyword +=head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules -=item The PPCODE: Keyword +=over 4 -=item Returning Undef And Empty Lists +=item DESCRIPTION -=item The REQUIRE: Keyword +=over 4 -=item The CLEANUP: Keyword +=item PREAMBLE -=item The POSTCALL: Keyword +B the file, B the file into a directory, B the +module (sometimes unnecessary), B the module -=item The BOOT: Keyword +=back -=item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword +=item PORTABILITY -=item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword +=item HEY -=item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword +=item AUTHOR -=item The ALIAS: Keyword +=item COPYRIGHT -=item The OVERLOAD: Keyword +=back -=item The INTERFACE: Keyword +=head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution -=item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword +=over 4 -=item The INCLUDE: Keyword +=item DESCRIPTION -=item The CASE: Keyword +=over 4 -=item The & Unary Operator +=item Warning -=item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives +=item What should I make into a module? -=item Using XS With C++ +=item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground -=item Interface Strategy +Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again -=item Perl Objects And C Structures +=item Step-by-step: Making the module -=item The Typemap +Start with F or F, Use L and +L, Use L, Use L - wisely!, +Use L, Write tests, Write the README -=item Safely Storing Static Data in XS +=item Step-by-step: Distributing your module -MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT +Get a CPAN user ID, C, Upload the +tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs! =back -=item EXAMPLES - -=item XS VERSION - =item AUTHOR +=item SEE ALSO + =back -=head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions +=head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution =over 4 @@ -4203,1007 +3929,1036 @@ MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT =over 4 -=item Conventions +=item DOCUMENTATION -C, C

, C, C +L, L and L, +L and L, L, +L, L, L, +L -=item File Operations +=item CONVERTORS -=item File Input and Output +L, L, L -=item File Positioning +=item Administration -=item Memory Management and String Handling +L -=item Character Class Tests +=item Development -=item F functions +L, L, L and L, +L, L, L -=item Miscellaneous functions +=item SEE ALSO =back -=item SEE ALSO - =back -=head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API +=head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=item Variables - =over 4 -=item Datatypes +=item Layout -=item What is an "IV"? +B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref -=item Working with SVs +=back -=item Offsets +=item Using The Back Ends -=item What's Really Stored in an SV? +=over 4 -=item Working with AVs +=item The Cross Referencing Back End -=item Working with HVs +i, &, s, r -=item Hash API Extensions +=item The Decompiling Back End -=item References +=item The Lint Back End -=item Blessed References and Class Objects +=item The Simple C Back End -=item Creating New Variables +=item The Bytecode Back End -=item Reference Counts and Mortality +=item The Optimized C Back End -=item Stashes and Globs +=back -=item Double-Typed SVs +=item Module List for the Compiler Suite -=item Magic Variables +B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, +B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, +B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref -=item Assigning Magic +=item KNOWN PROBLEMS -=item Magic Virtual Tables +=item AUTHOR -=item Finding Magic +=back -=item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays +=head2 perlfilter - Source Filters -=item Localizing changes +=over 4 -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, -C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, -C, C, C +=item DESCRIPTION -=back +=item CONCEPTS -=item Subroutines +=item USING FILTERS -=over 4 +=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER -=item XSUBs and the Argument Stack +=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C -=item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs +B -=item Memory Allocation +=item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE -=item PerlIO +=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL -=item Putting a C value on Perl stack +=item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER -=item Scratchpads +=item CONCLUSION -=item Scratchpads and recursion +=item THINGS TO LOOK OUT FOR + +Some Filters Clobber the C Handle + +=item REQUIREMENTS + +=item AUTHOR + +=item Copyrights =back -=item Compiled code +=head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program =over 4 -=item Code tree - -=item Examining the tree +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Compile pass 1: check routines +=over 4 -=item Compile pass 1a: constant folding +=item PREAMBLE -=item Compile pass 2: context propagation +B, B, B, B, B -=item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization +=item ROADMAP -=item Pluggable runops +=item Compiling your C program -=back +=item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program -=item Examining internal data structures with the C functions +=item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program -=item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported +=item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program -=over 4 +=item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program -=item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT +=item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program -=item So what happened to dTHR? +=item Maintaining a persistent interpreter -=item How do I use all this in extensions? +=item Execution of END blocks -=item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads? +=item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances -=item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS +=item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C +program =back -=item Internal Functions - -A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x +=item Embedding Perl under Win32 -=over 4 +=item Hiding Perl_ -=item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs +=item MORAL -=item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer +=item AUTHOR -=item Source Documentation +=item COPYRIGHT =back -=item Unicode Support +=head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging =over 4 -=item What B Unicode, anyway? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item How can I recognise a UTF8 string? +=item Debugger Internals -=item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters? +=over 4 -=item How does Perl store UTF8 strings? +=item Writing Your Own Debugger -=item How do I convert a string to UTF8? +=back -=item Is there anything else I need to know? +=item Frame Listing Output Examples -=back +=item Debugging regular expressions -=item Custom Operators +=over 4 -=item AUTHORS +=item Compile-time output -=item SEE ALSO +C I C I, C I C +I, C, C, C +I, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C + +=item Types of nodes + +=item Run-time output =back -=head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C +=item Debugging Perl memory usage =over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}> -An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program +C, Free/Used, C, C, C, C, C -=item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS +=item Example of using B<-DL> switch -call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv +C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704> -=item FLAG VALUES +=item B<-DL> details -=over 4 +C, C, C -=item G_VOID +=item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics -=item G_SCALAR +=back -=item G_ARRAY +=item SEE ALSO -=item G_DISCARD +=back -=item G_NOARGS +=head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs -=item G_EVAL +=over 4 -=item G_KEEPERR +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Determining the Context +=item SPECIAL NOTES -=back +=over 4 -=item KNOWN PROBLEMS +=item make -=item EXAMPLES +=item Version caveat -=over 4 +=item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading -=item No Parameters, Nothing returned +=back -=item Passing Parameters +=item TUTORIAL -=item Returning a Scalar +=over 4 -=item Returning a list of values +=item EXAMPLE 1 -=item Returning a list in a scalar context +=item EXAMPLE 2 -=item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list +=item What has gone on? -=item Using G_EVAL +=item Writing good test scripts -=item Using G_KEEPERR +=item EXAMPLE 3 -=item Using call_sv +=item What's new here? -=item Using call_argv +=item Input and Output Parameters -=item Using call_method +=item The XSUBPP Program -=item Using GIMME_V +=item The TYPEMAP file -=item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries +=item Warning about Output Arguments -=item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information +=item EXAMPLE 4 -1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of -callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl -callback +=item What has happened here? -=item Alternate Stack Manipulation +=item Anatomy of .xs file -=item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C +=item Getting the fat out of XSUBs -=back +=item More about XSUB arguments -=item SEE ALSO +=item The Argument Stack -=item AUTHOR +=item Extending your Extension -=item DATE +=item Documenting your Extension -=back +=item Installing your Extension -=head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution +=item EXAMPLE 5 -=over 4 +=item New Things in this Example -=item DESCRIPTION +=item EXAMPLE 6 -=over 4 +=item New Things in this Example -=item DOCUMENTATION +=item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon) -L, L and L, -L and L, L, -L, L, L, -L +=item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon) -=item CONVERTORS +=item EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes -L, L, L +=item Troubleshooting these Examples -=item Administration +=back -L +=item See also -=item Development +=item Author -L, L, L and L, -L, L, L +=over 4 -=item SEE ALSO +=item Last Changed =back =back -=head2 perlfilter - Source Filters +=head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=item CONCEPTS +=over 4 -=item USING FILTERS +=item Introduction -=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER +=item On The Road -=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C +=item The Anatomy of an XSUB -B +=item The Argument Stack -=item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE +=item The RETVAL Variable -=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL +=item Returning SVs, AVs and HVs through RETVAL -=item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER +=item The MODULE Keyword -=item CONCLUSION +=item The PACKAGE Keyword -=item REQUIREMENTS +=item The PREFIX Keyword -=item AUTHOR +=item The OUTPUT: Keyword -=item Copyrights +=item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword -=back +=item The CODE: Keyword -=head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters +=item The INIT: Keyword -=over 4 +=item The NO_INIT Keyword -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Initializing Function Parameters -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Default Parameter Values -B, B, B, -B +=item The PREINIT: Keyword -=over 4 +=item The SCOPE: Keyword -=item The Filter +=item The INPUT: Keyword -=item An Example -- the NULL termination problem. +=item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords -=item Another Example -- Key is a C int. +=item The C Keyword -=back +=item Variable-length Parameter Lists -=item SEE ALSO +=item The C_ARGS: Keyword -=item AUTHOR +=item The PPCODE: Keyword -=back +=item Returning Undef And Empty Lists -=head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API +=item The REQUIRE: Keyword -=over 4 +=item The CLEANUP: Keyword -=item DESCRIPTION +=item The POSTCALL: Keyword -=item "Gimme" Values +=item The BOOT: Keyword -GIMME, GIMME_V, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID +=item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword -=item Array Manipulation Functions +=item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword -AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill, -av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, -get_av, newAV, Nullav, sortsv +=item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword -=item Callback Functions +=item The ALIAS: Keyword -call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, -FREETMPS, LEAVE, SAVETMPS +=item The OVERLOAD: Keyword -=item Character classes +=item The FALLBACK: Keyword -isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, toLOWER, toUPPER +=item The INTERFACE: Keyword -=item Cloning an interpreter +=item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword -perl_clone +=item The INCLUDE: Keyword -=item CV Manipulation Functions +=item The CASE: Keyword -CvSTASH, get_cv, Nullcv +=item The & Unary Operator -=item Embedding Functions +=item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives -load_module, perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free, -perl_parse, perl_run, require_pv +=item Using XS With C++ -=item Functions in file pp_pack.c +=item Interface Strategy -pack_cat, unpack_str +=item Perl Objects And C Structures -=item Global Variables +=item The Typemap -PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes +=item Safely Storing Static Data in XS -=item GV Functions +MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT -GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, -gv_stashsv +=back -=item Handy Values +=item EXAMPLES -HEf_SVKEY, Nullch, Nullsv +=item XS VERSION -=item Hash Manipulation Functions +=item AUTHOR -get_hv, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, -HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, -hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, -hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, -hv_store_ent, hv_undef, newHV, Nullhv +=back -=item Magical Functions +=head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions -mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, -SvGETMAGIC, SvLOCK, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal, -SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSHARE +=over 4 -=item Memory Management +=item DESCRIPTION -Copy, Move, New, Newc, NEWSV, Newz, Renew, Renewc, Safefree, savepv, -savepvn, savesharedpv, StructCopy, Zero +=over 4 -=item Miscellaneous Functions +=item Conventions -fbm_compile, fbm_instr, form, getcwd_sv, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, -strNE, strnEQ, strnNE +C, C

, C, C -=item Numeric functions +=item File Operations -grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, scan_bin, -scan_hex, scan_oct +=item File Input and Output -=item Optree Manipulation Functions +=item File Positioning -cv_const_sv, newCONSTSUB, newXS +=item Memory Management and String Handling -=item Stack Manipulation Macros +=item Character Class Tests -dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, EXTEND, MARK, ORIGMARK, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, -POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, -PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XSRETURN, -XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, -XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES +=item F functions -=item SV Flags +=item Miscellaneous functions -svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG +=back -=item SV Manipulation Functions +=item SEE ALSO -get_sv, looks_like_number, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv, -newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv, -new_vstring, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, -SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVX, -SvIVx, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, -SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVx, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, -SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte, -SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8, -SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVx, SvPVX, -SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, -SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, -SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, SvUNLOCK, SvUOK, -SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, SvUVx, sv_2bool, -sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen, -sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv, -sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, -sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags, -sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm, -sv_copypv, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal, -sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, -sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_magicext, -sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nolocking, sv_nosharing, -sv_nounlocking, sv_nv, sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, -sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force, sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags, -sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace, -sv_report_used, sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, -sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, -sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, -sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, -sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, -sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, -sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, -sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn +=back -=item Unicode Support +=head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API -bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, ibcmp_utf8, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, -pv_uni_display, sv_recode_to_utf8, sv_uni_display, to_utf8_case, -to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title, to_utf8_upper, utf8n_to_uvchr, -utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, -utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8_flags +=over 4 -=item Variables created by C and C internal functions +=item DESCRIPTION -ax, CLASS, dAX, dITEMS, dXSARGS, dXSI32, items, ix, newXSproto, RETVAL, ST, -THIS, XS, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK +=item Variables -=item Warning and Dieing +=over 4 -croak, warn +=item Datatypes -=item AUTHORS +=item What is an "IV"? -=item SEE ALSO +=item Working with SVs -=back +=item Offsets -=head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B - Perl functions +=item What's Really Stored in an SV? -=over 4 +=item Working with AVs -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Working with HVs -=item Global Variables +=item Hash API Extensions -PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, -PL_rs +=item AVs, HVs and undefined values -=item GV Functions +=item References -is_gv_magical +=item Blessed References and Class Objects -=item IO Functions +=item Creating New Variables -start_glob +GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN -=item Pad Data Structures +=item Reference Counts and Mortality -CvPADLIST +=item Stashes and Globs -=item Stack Manipulation Macros +=item Double-Typed SVs -djSP, LVRET +=item Magic Variables -=item SV Manipulation Functions +=item Assigning Magic -report_uninit, sv_add_arena, sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas +=item Magic Virtual Tables -=item AUTHORS +=item Finding Magic -=item SEE ALSO +=item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays + +=item Localizing changes + +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, +C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, +C, C, C =back -=head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers. +=item Subroutines =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item XSUBs and the Argument Stack -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs -=over 4 +=item Memory Allocation -=item History and Background +=item PerlIO -=item Layers vs Disciplines +=item Putting a C value on Perl stack -=item Data Structures +=item Scratchpads -=item Functions and Attributes +=item Scratchpads and recursion -=item Per-instance Data +=back -=item Layers in action. +=item Compiled code -=item Per-instance flag bits +=over 4 -PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR, -PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8, -PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF, -PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS +=item Code tree -=item Methods in Detail +=item Examining the tree -name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF, PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, -PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, PERLIO_K_RAW, Pushed, Popped, Open, Getarg, Fileno, Dup, -Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof, Error, Clearerr, -Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt, Set_ptrcnt +=item Compile pass 1: check routines -=item Core Layers +=item Compile pass 1a: constant folding -"unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8" +=item Compile pass 2: context propagation -=item Extension Layers +=item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization -":encoding", ":Scalar", ":Object" or ":Perl" +=item Pluggable runops =back -=item TODO - -=back +=item Examining internal data structures with the C functions -=head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface. +=item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT -=item DESCRIPTION +=item So what happened to dTHR? -1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, -B, B, -B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B +=item How do I use all this in extensions? -=over 4 +=item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads? -=item Co-existence with stdio +=item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS -B, B, -B, B +=back -=item "Fast gets" Functions +=item Internal Functions -B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B - -=item Other Functions +A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, x, m, X, E, b -PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers), -'E' read, 'E' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...) +=over 4 -=back +=item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs -=back +=item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer -=head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List +=item Source Documentation -=over 4 +=item Backwards compatibility -=item DESCRIPTION +=back -=item To do during 5.6.x +=item Unicode Support =over 4 -=item Support for I/O disciplines +=item What B Unicode, anyway? -=item Autoload bytes.pm +=item How can I recognise a UTF-8 string? -=item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work +=item How does UTF-8 represent Unicode characters? -=item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags) +=item How does Perl store UTF-8 strings? -=item Overloadable regex assertions +=item How do I convert a string to UTF-8? -=item Unicode +=item Is there anything else I need to know? -=item use Thread for iThreads +=back -=item make perl_clone optionally clone ops +=item Custom Operators -=item Work out exit/die semantics for threads +=item AUTHORS -=item Typed lexicals for compiler +=item SEE ALSO -=item Compiler workarounds for Win32 +=back -=item AUTOLOADing in the compiler +=head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C -=item Fixing comppadlist when compiling +=over 4 -=item Cleaning up exported namespace +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Complete signal handling +An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program -=item Out-of-source builds +=item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS -=item POSIX realtime support +call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv -=item UNIX98 support +=item FLAG VALUES -=item IPv6 Support +=over 4 -=item Long double conversion +=item G_VOID -=item Locales +=item G_SCALAR -=item Thread-safe regexes +=item G_ARRAY -=item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals +=item G_DISCARD -=item POSIX Unicode character classes +=item G_NOARGS -=item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization) +=item G_EVAL -=item Security audit shipped utilities +=item G_KEEPERR -=item Sort out the uid-setting mess +=item Determining the Context -=item DLL Versioning +=back -=item Introduce @( and @) +=item KNOWN PROBLEMS -=item Floating point handling +=item EXAMPLES -=item IV/UV preservation +=over 4 -=item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser +=item No Parameters, Nothing returned -=item Automate module testing on CPAN +=item Passing Parameters -=item sendmsg and recvmsg +=item Returning a Scalar -=item Rewrite perlre documentation +=item Returning a list of values -=item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles +=item Returning a list in a scalar context -=item Document Win32 choices +=item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list -=item Check new modules +=item Using G_EVAL -=item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself +=item Using G_KEEPERR -=back +=item Using call_sv -=item To do at some point +=item Using call_argv -=over 4 +=item Using call_method -=item Remove regular expression recursion +=item Using GIMME_V -=item Memory leaks after failed eval +=item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries -=item bitfields in pack +=item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information -=item Cross compilation +1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of +callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl +callback -=item Perl preprocessor / macros +=item Alternate Stack Manipulation -=item Perl lexer in Perl +=item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C -=item Using POSIX calls internally +=back -=item -i rename file when changed +=item SEE ALSO -=item All ARGV input should act like EE +=item AUTHOR -=item Support for rerunning debugger +=item DATE -=item Test Suite for the Debugger +=back -=item my sub foo { } +=head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API -=item One-pass global destruction +=over 4 -=item Rewrite regexp parser +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Cache recently used regexps +=item "Gimme" Values -=item Re-entrant functions +GIMME, GIMME_V, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID -=item Cross-compilation support +=item Array Manipulation Functions -=item Bit-shifting bitvectors +AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill, +av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, +get_av, newAV, sortsv -=item debugger pragma +=item Callback Functions -=item use less pragma +call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, +FREETMPS, LEAVE, SAVETMPS -=item switch structures +=item Character classes -=item Cache eval tree +isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, toLOWER, toUPPER -=item rcatmaybe +=item Cloning an interpreter -=item Shrink opcode tables +perl_clone -=item Optimize away @_ +=item CV Manipulation Functions -=item Prototypes versus indirect objects +CvSTASH, get_cv -=item Install HTML +=item Embedding Functions -=item Prototype method calls +cv_undef, load_module, nothreadhook, perl_alloc, perl_construct, +perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, require_pv -=item Return context prototype declarations +=item Functions in file pp_pack.c -=item magic_setisa +packlist, pack_cat, unpackstring, unpack_str -=item Garbage collection +=item Global Variables -=item IO tutorial +PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes -=item Rewrite perldoc +=item GV Functions -=item Install .3p manpages +GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, +gv_fetchmeth_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashpvn, gv_stashsv -=item Unicode tutorial +=item Handy Values -=item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2 +Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv -=item Retargetable installation +=item Hash Manipulation Functions -=item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems +get_hv, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, +HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_assert, hv_clear, hv_clear_placeholders, +hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, +hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, +hv_iternext_flags, hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_scalar, hv_store, hv_store_ent, +hv_undef, newHV -=item Rename Win32 headers +=item Magical Functions -=item Finish off lvalue functions +mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, +SvGETMAGIC, SvLOCK, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal, +SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSHARE, SvUNLOCK -=item Update sprintf documentation +=item Memory Management -=item Use fchown/fchmod internally +Copy, CopyD, Move, MoveD, New, Newc, Newz, Poison, Renew, Renewc, Safefree, +savepv, savepvn, savesharedpv, savesvpv, StructCopy, Zero, ZeroD -=item Make v-strings overloaded objects +=item Miscellaneous Functions -=back +fbm_compile, fbm_instr, form, getcwd_sv, new_version, scan_version, strEQ, +strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_nolocking, +sv_nosharing, sv_nounlocking, upg_version, vcmp, vnormal, vnumify, +vstringify -=item Vague ideas +=item Numeric functions -=over 4 +grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, scan_bin, +scan_hex, scan_oct -=item ref() in list context +=item Optree Manipulation Functions -=item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context +cv_const_sv, newCONSTSUB, newXS -=item Compile to real threaded code +=item Pad Data Structures -=item Structured types +pad_sv -=item Modifiable $1 et al. +=item Stack Manipulation Macros -=item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc. +dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, EXTEND, MARK, mPUSHi, mPUSHn, mPUSHp, mPUSHu, +mXPUSHi, mXPUSHn, mXPUSHp, mXPUSHu, ORIGMARK, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, +POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHmortal, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, +PUSHu, PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHmortal, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, +XPUSHu, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, +XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_UV, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, +XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES -=item RPC modules +=item SV Flags -=item Attach/detach debugger from running program +svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG -=item GUI::Native +=item SV Manipulation Functions -=item foreach(reverse ...) +get_sv, looks_like_number, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, NEWSV, newSViv, +newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, +newSVuv, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, +SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIsCOW, +SvIsCOW_shared_hash, SvIV, SvIVX, SvIVx, SvIV_nomg, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, +SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVx, +SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, +SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte, SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, +SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8, SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, +SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVX, SvPVx, SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, +SvPV_nolen, SvPV_nomg, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, +SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, +SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, +SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVx, SvUVX, SvUV_nomg, SvVOK, sv_2bool, sv_2cv, sv_2io, +sv_2iv_flags, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen, sv_2pvutf8, +sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv_flags, sv_backoff, +sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_flags, +sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpvn_nomg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags, +sv_catsv_mg, sv_catsv_nomg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, +sv_collxfrm, sv_copypv, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal, +sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, +sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_magicext, +sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nv, sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, +sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force, sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, +sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, +sv_replace, sv_report_used, sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, +sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, +sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, +sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, +sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setsv_nomg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, +sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags, +sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode, +sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, +sv_uv, sv_vcatpvf, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vcatpvf_mg, sv_vsetpvf, sv_vsetpvfn, +sv_vsetpvf_mg -=item Constant function cache +=item Unicode Support -=item Approximate regular expression matching +bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, ibcmp_utf8, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, +is_utf8_string_loc, pv_uni_display, sv_cat_decode, sv_recode_to_utf8, +sv_uni_display, to_utf8_case, to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title, +to_utf8_upper, utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, +utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, +uvuni_to_utf8_flags -=back +=item Variables created by C and C internal functions -=item Ongoing +ax, CLASS, dAX, dITEMS, dUNDERBAR, dXSARGS, dXSI32, items, ix, newXSproto, +RETVAL, ST, THIS, UNDERBAR, XS, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK -=over 4 +=item Warning and Dieing -=item Update guts documentation +croak, warn -=item Add more tests +=item AUTHORS -=item Update auxiliary tools +=item SEE ALSO =back -=item Recently done things +=head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B + Perl functions =over 4 -=item Alternative RE syntax module +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Safe signal handling +=item CV reference counts and CvOUTSIDE -=item Tie Modules +CvWEAKOUTSIDE -=item gettimeofday +=item Functions in file pad.h -=item setitimer and getimiter +CX_CURPAD_SAVE, CX_CURPAD_SV, PAD_BASE_SV, PAD_CLONE_VARS, +PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS, PAD_COMPNAME_GEN, PAD_COMPNAME_OURSTASH, +PAD_COMPNAME_PV, PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE, PAD_DUP, PAD_RESTORE_LOCAL, +PAD_SAVE_LOCAL, PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD, PAD_SETSV, PAD_SET_CUR, +PAD_SET_CUR_NOSAVE, PAD_SV, PAD_SVl, SAVECLEARSV, SAVECOMPPAD, SAVEPADSV -=item Testing __DIE__ hook +=item Functions in file pp_ctl.c -=item CPP equivalent in Perl +find_runcv -=item Explicit switch statements +=item Global Variables -=item autocroak +PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, +PL_rs -=item UTF/EBCDIC +=item GV Functions -=item UTF Regexes +is_gv_magical -=item perlcc to produce executable +=item IO Functions -=item END blocks saved in compiled output +start_glob -=item Secure temporary file module +=item Pad Data Structures -=item Integrate Time::HiRes +CvPADLIST, cv_clone, cv_dump, do_dump_pad, intro_my, pad_add_anon, +pad_add_name, pad_alloc, pad_block_start, pad_check_dup, pad_findlex, +pad_findmy, pad_fixup_inner_anons, pad_free, pad_leavemy, pad_new, +pad_push, pad_reset, pad_setsv, pad_swipe, pad_tidy, pad_undef -=item Turn Cwd into XS +=item Stack Manipulation Macros -=item Mmap for input +djSP, LVRET -=item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion +=item SV Manipulation Functions -=item Add sockatmark support +find_uninit_var, report_uninit, sv_add_arena, sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, +sv_free_arenas -=item Mailing list archives +=item AUTHORS -=item Bug tracking +=item SEE ALSO -=item Integrate MacPerl +=back -=item Web "nerve center" for Perl +=head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers. -=item Regular expression tutorial +=over 4 -=item Debugging Tutorial +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Integrate new modules +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Integrate profiler +=over 4 -=item Y2K error detection +=item History and Background -=item Regular expression debugger +=item Basic Structure -=item POD checker +=item Layers vs Disciplines -=item "Dynamic" lexicals +=item Data Structures -=item Cache precompiled modules +=item Functions and Attributes -=back +=item Per-instance Data -=item Deprecated Wishes +=item Layers in action. -=over 4 +=item Per-instance flag bits -=item Loop control on do{} +PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR, +PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8, +PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF, +PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS -=item Lexically scoped typeglobs +=item Methods in Detail -=item format BOTTOM +fsize, name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_RAW, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF, +PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, Pushed, Popped, Open, Binmode, +Getarg, Fileno, Dup, Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof, +Error, Clearerr, Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt, +Set_ptrcnt -=item report HANDLE +=item Utilities -=item Generalised want()/caller()) +=item Implementing PerlIO Layers -=item Named prototypes +C implementations, Perl implementations -=item Built-in globbing +=item Core Layers -=item Regression tests for suidperl +"unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8" -=item Cached hash values +=item Extension Layers -=item Add compression modules +":encoding", ":scalar", ":via" -=item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references +=back -=item Remove distinction between functions and operators +=item TODO -=item Make XS easier to use +=back -=item Make embedding easier to use +=head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface. -=item man for perl +=over 4 -=item my $Package::variable +=item SYNOPSIS -=item "or" tests defined, not truth +=item DESCRIPTION -=item "class"-based lexicals +1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, +B, B, +B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B -=item byteperl +=over 4 -=item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal +=item Co-existence with stdio -=item Make "use utf8" the default +B, B, +B, B -=item Unicode collation and normalization +=item "Fast gets" Functions -=item Create debugging macros +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B -=item truncate to the people +=item Other Functions -=item pack/unpack tutorial +PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers), +'E' read, 'E' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...) =back @@ -5232,17 +4987,16 @@ NFS, rsync'ing the patches =item Why rsync the source tree -It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more recent, It's more reliable +It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more reliable =item Why rsync the patches It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour -=item Perlbug remote interface +=item Working with the source -1 http://bugs.perl.org, 2 bugdb@perl.org, 3 -commands_and_bugdids@bugs.perl.org, notes, patches, tests +=item Perlbug administration =item Submitting patches @@ -5267,6 +5021,8 @@ Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack =item Millions of Macros +=item The .i Targets + =item Poking at Perl =item Using a source-level debugger @@ -5274,6 +5030,8 @@ Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue, finish, 'enter', print +=item gdb macro support + =item Dumping Perl Data Structures =item Patching @@ -5285,7 +5043,19 @@ finish, 'enter', print =item Writing a test F, F, F, F, F, F, -F, F, t/base t/comp, t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib +F, F, F, F, F, t/base t/comp, +t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib + +=item Special Make Test Targets + +coretest, test.deparse, test.taintwarn, minitest, test.valgrind +check.valgrind utest.valgrind ucheck.valgrind, test.third check.third +utest.third ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8 +check.utf8, minitest.utf16 test.utf16, test_harness + +=item Running tests by hand + +PERL_CORE=1, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL=2, PERL, PERL_SKIP_TTY_TEST =back @@ -5303,7 +5073,9 @@ F, F, t/base t/comp, t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug -=item Compaq's/Digital's Third Degree +=item valgrind + +=item Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL @@ -5320,6 +5092,8 @@ DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage, -z[ero] +=item Miscellaneous tricks + =item CONCLUSION I @@ -5330,311 +5104,302 @@ I =back -=head2 perlhist - the Perl history records +=head2 perlbook - Perl book information =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=item INTRODUCTION - -=item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN - -=over 4 - -=item PUMPKIN? - =back -=item THE RECORDS +=head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List =over 4 -=item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES +=item DESCRIPTION -=item SELECTED PATCH SIZES +=item assertions -=back +=item iCOW -=item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS +=item (?{...}) closures in regexps -=back +=item A re-entrant regexp engine -=head2 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.0 +=item pragmata =over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item lexical pragmas -=item Highlights In 5.8.0 +=item use less 'memory' -=item Incompatible Changes +=back + +=item prototypes and functions =over 4 -=item 64-bit platforms and malloc +=item _ prototype character -=item AIX Dynaloading +=item inlining autoloaded constants -=item Attributes for C variables now handled at run-time. +=item Finish off lvalue functions -=item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS +=back -=item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha +=item Unicode and UTF8 -=item New Unicode Properties +=over 4 -=item Perl Parser Stress Tested +=item Implicit Latin 1 => Unicode translation -=item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...) +=item UTF8 caching code -=item pack/unpack D/F recycled +=item Unicode in Filenames -=item Deprecations +=item Unicode in %ENV =back -=item Core Enhancements +=item Regexps =over 4 -=item PerlIO is Now The Default +=item regexp optimiser optional -=item Safe Signals +=item common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization) -=item Unicode Overhaul +=back -=item Understanding of Numbers +=item POD -=item Miscellaneous Changes +=over 4 + +=item POD -> HTML conversion still sucks =back -=item Modules and Pragmata +=item Misc medium sized projects =over 4 -=item New Modules and Pragmata +=item UNITCHECK -=item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata +=item optional optimizer -=back +=item You WANT *how* many -=item Utility Changes +=item lexical aliases -=item New Documentation +=item no 6 -=item Performance Enhancements +=item IPv6 -=item Installation and Configuration Improvements +=item entersub XS vs Perl -=over 4 +=item @INC source filter to Filter::Simple -=item Generic Improvements +=item bincompat functions -=item New Or Improved Platforms +=item Use fchown/fchmod internally + +=item Constant folding =back -=item Selected Bug Fixes +=item Tests =over 4 -=item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes - -=back - -=item New or Changed Diagnostics +=item Make Schwern poorer -=item Changed Internals +=item test B -=item Security Vulnerability Closed +=item common test code for timed bailout -=item New Tests +=back -=item Known Problems +=item Installation =over 4 -=item AIX - -=item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery - -=item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure' +=item compressed man pages -=item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12 +=item Make Config.pm cope with differences between build and installed perl -=item FreeBSD 4.5 fails lib/File/Spec/t/rel2abs2rel.t +=item Relocatable perl -=item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured +=item make HTML install work -=item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured +=item put patchlevel in -v -=item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48 +=back -=item Mac OS X +=item Incremental things -=item OS/390 +=over 4 -=item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130 +=item autovivification -=item Failure of Thread tests +=item fix tainting bugs -=item UNICOS +=item Make tainting consistent -=item UNICOS and UNICOS/mk +=item Dual life everything -=item UTS +=back -=item VMS +=item Vague things -=item Win32 +=over 4 -=item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory +=item threads -=item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken +=item POSIX memory footprint -=item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden +=item Optimize away @_ -=item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles +=item switch ops -=item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty +=item Attach/detach debugger from running program -=item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental +=item A decent benchmark -=item The Long Double Support Is Still Experimental +=item readpipe(LIST) -=item Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now +=item Self ties =back -=item Reporting Bugs - -=item SEE ALSO - -=item HISTORY - =back -=head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2 +=head2 perldoc - Look up Perl documentation in Pod format. =over 4 +=item SYNOPSIS + =item DESCRIPTION -=item Security Vulnerability Closed +=item OPTIONS -=item Incompatible Changes +B<-h>, B<-v>, B<-t>, B<-u>, B<-m> I, B<-l>, B<-F>, B<-f> +I, B<-q> I, B<-T>, B<-d> +I, B<-o> I, B<-M> I, +B<-w> I or B<-w> I

    tag), 4. end_ul() (generates +a
tag) + +=back -=item DESCRIPTION +=item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS =over 4 -=item Subroutine Stubs +=item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER: -=item Using B's AUTOLOAD Subroutine +=item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER -=item Overriding B's AUTOLOAD Subroutine +=item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER -=item Package Lexicals +B, 4, 5, 6.. -=item Not Using AutoLoader +=item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT: -=item B vs. B +=item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION: -=back +=item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL -=item CAVEATS +B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query> +(B<-query_string>), B<-base> -=item SEE ALSO +=item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS =back -=head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading +=item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS: =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS -=item DESCRIPTION +=item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS -$keep, $check, $modtime +=item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION -=over 4 +=item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS -=item Multiple packages +=item AUTOESCAPING HTML -=back +$escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset = +charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]); -=item DIAGNOSTICS +=item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML =back -=head2 B - The Perl Compiler +=item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS: =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG -=item DESCRIPTION +=item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM -=item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES +B, B -=over 4 +=item CREATING A TEXT FIELD -=item SV-RELATED CLASSES +B -=item B::SV METHODS +=item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD -REFCNT, FLAGS +=item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD -=item B::IV METHODS +=item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD -IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv +B -=item B::NV METHODS +=item CREATING A POPUP MENU -NV, NVX +=item CREATING AN OPTION GROUP -=item B::RV METHODS +=item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST -RV +B -=item B::PV METHODS +=item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES -PV, RV, PVX +B -=item B::PVMG METHODS +=item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX -MAGIC, SvSTASH +B -=item B::MAGIC METHODS +=item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP -MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX +B -=item B::PVLV METHODS +=item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON -TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG +B -=item B::BM METHODS +=item CREATING A RESET BUTTON -USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE +=item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON -=item B::GV METHODS +=item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD -is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN, -LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS +B -=item B::IO METHODS +=item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON -LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV, -BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS, IsSTD +B, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment +type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE -=item B::AV METHODS +=item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON -FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS +=back -=item B::CV METHODS +=item HTTP COOKIES -STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY, -CvFLAGS, const_sv +1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag, +B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure> -=item B::HV METHODS +=item WORKING WITH FRAMES -FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY +1. Create a document, 2. Specify the destination for the +document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in +the
tag -=item OP-RELATED CLASSES +=item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS -=item B::OP METHODS +=item DEBUGGING -next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private +=over 4 -=item B::UNOP METHOD +=item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS -first +=back -=item B::BINOP METHOD +=item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES -last +B, B, B, B, +B, B, B Return the script +name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, B, B, B, B, B, +B, B, B, B, B, B, B, B -=item B::LOGOP METHOD +=item USING NPH SCRIPTS -other +In the B statement, By calling the B method:, By using B<-nph> +parameters -=item B::LISTOP METHOD +=item Server Push -children +multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final() -=item B::PMOP METHODS +=item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks -pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmdynflags, -pmpermflags, precomp, pmoffet +B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script +basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts> -=item B::SVOP METHOD +=item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL -sv, gv +=item AUTHOR INFORMATION -=item B::PADOP METHOD +=item CREDITS -padix +Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor +(james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish , Mike Jewell +(mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg +(jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick +(applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis +(tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen +(tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim +MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks +(kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed +Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug +MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org), +...and many many more.. -=item B::PVOP METHOD +=item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT -pv +=item BUGS -=item B::LOOP METHODS +=item SEE ALSO -redoop, nextop, lastop +=back + +=head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm -=item B::COP METHODS +=over 4 -label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line +=item SYNOPSIS -=back +=item ABSTRACT -=item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C +=item DESCRIPTION -main_cv, init_av, begin_av, end_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, -regex_padav, sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, -METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG), walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, -PREFIX), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, -cstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names +=item AUTHOR INFORMATION -=item AUTHOR +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate -bytecode +=head2 CGI::Carp, B - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or +other) error log =over 4 @@ -9276,25 +11224,27 @@ bytecode =item DESCRIPTION -%insn_data, @insn_name, @optype, @specialsv_name +=item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES -=item AUTHOR +=item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW -=back +=over 4 -=head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode +=item Changing the default message -=over 4 +=back -=item SYNOPSIS +=item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS -=item DESCRIPTION +=item OVERRIDING THE NAME OF THE PROGRAM =item AUTHORS +=item SEE ALSO + =back -=head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks +=head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies =over 4 @@ -9302,19 +11252,33 @@ bytecode =item DESCRIPTION +=item USING CGI::Cookie + +B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag> + =over 4 -=item Functions +=item Creating New Cookies -B +=item Sending the Cookie to the Browser + +=item Recovering Previous Cookies + +=item Manipulating Cookies + +B, B, B, B, B =back -=item AUTHOR +=item AUTHOR INFORMATION + +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend +=head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI =over 4 @@ -9322,21 +11286,29 @@ B =item DESCRIPTION -=item OPTIONS +=item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE -B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>, -B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, -B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage> +=item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS -=item EXAMPLES +=item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS + +=item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS + +=item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION + +FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE + +=item CAVEATS + +=item AUTHOR INFORMATION =item BUGS -=item AUTHORS +=item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend +=head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code =over 4 @@ -9344,22 +11316,23 @@ B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage> =item DESCRIPTION -=item OPTIONS +=over 4 -B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>, -B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fsave-data>, B<-fppaddr>, B<-fwarn-sv>, -B<-fuse-script-name>, B<-fsave-sig-hash>, B<-On>, B<-O0>, B<-O1>, B<-O2>, -B<-llimit> +=item Tags that won't be formatted -=item EXAMPLES +=item Customizing the Indenting + +=back =item BUGS =item AUTHOR +=item SEE ALSO + =back -=head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend +=head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push =over 4 @@ -9367,162 +11340,181 @@ B<-llimit> =item DESCRIPTION -=item OPTIONS - -B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>, -B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>, -B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On> - -=item EXAMPLES - -=item BUGS +=item USING CGI::Push -=item DIFFERENCES +-next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph =over 4 -=item Loops +=item Heterogeneous Pages -=item Context of ".." +=item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly -=item Arithmetic +=back -=item Deprecated features +=item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS -=back +=item AUTHOR INFORMATION + +=item BUGS -=item AUTHOR +=item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops +=head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS -=item DESCRIPTION +=item ABSTRACT -=item EXAMPLE +=item DESCRIPTION -=item OPTIONS +=item AUTHOR INFORMATION -B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>, -B<-main>, B<-base>I, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>, -B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env> +=item BUGS -=item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS +=item SEE ALSO -B<(x(>IB<;>IB<)x)>, B<(*(>IB<)*)>, -B<(*(>IB<;>IB<)*)>, B<(?(>IB<#>IIB<)?)>, -B<#>I, B<#>II, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>, -B<#classsym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>, -B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>, -B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>, -B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>, -B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum> +=back -=item ABBREVIATIONS +=head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module =over 4 -=item OP flags abbreviations - -=item OP class abbreviations +=item SYNOPSIS -=back +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework +=item AUTHOR INFORMATION -=item AUTHOR +=item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops +=head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS +=item STATUS + =item DESCRIPTION -=item AUTHOR +=over 4 -=back +=item Interactive Mode -=head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code +Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test, +install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or +distribution, ls author, Signals -=over 4 +=item CPAN::Shell -=item SYNOPSIS +=item autobundle -=item DESCRIPTION +=item recompile -=item OPTIONS +=item The four C Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution -B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-q>, B<-f>I, B<-s>I, B, -BI, B, BIB<.>, B<-x>I +=item Programmer's interface -=item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE +expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples -=over 4 +=item Methods in the other Classes -=item Synopsis +CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(), +CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(), +CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(), +CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(), +CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(), +CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(), +CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(), +CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(), +CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(), +CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(), +CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(), +CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(), +CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(), +CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(), +CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(), +CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(), +CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(), +CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(), +CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(), +CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(), +CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args), +CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(), +CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(), +CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(), +CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(), +CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid() -=item Description +=item Cache Manager -=item new +=item Bundles -=item ambient_pragmas +=item Prerequisites -strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits +=item Finding packages and VERSION -=item coderef2text +=item Debugging + +=item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode =back -=item BUGS +=item CONFIGURATION -=item AUTHOR +Cscalar optionE>, Cscalar optionE +EvalueE>, Clist optionE>, Clist +optionE [shift|pop]>, Clist optionE +[unshift|push|splice] ElistE> -=back +=over 4 -=head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode +=item Note on urllist parameter's format -=over 4 +=item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support -=item SYNOPSIS +=back -=item DESCRIPTION +=item SECURITY -=item AUTHOR +=item EXPORT -=back +=item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES -=head2 B::Lint - Perl lint +=item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Three basic types of firewalls -=item DESCRIPTION +http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade -=item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS +=item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall -B, B and B, B, -B, B, B, B, B +=back -=item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS +=item FAQ -B<-u Package> +1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10) =item BUGS =item AUTHOR +=item TRANSLATIONS + +=item SEE ALSO + =back -=head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends +=head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization =over 4 @@ -9530,15 +11522,10 @@ B<-u Package> =item DESCRIPTION -=item CONVENTIONS - -=item IMPLEMENTATION - -=item AUTHOR - =back -=head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files +=head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS +module =over 4 @@ -9546,11 +11533,11 @@ B<-u Package> =item DESCRIPTION -=item AUTHOR +=item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend +=head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller) =over 4 @@ -9558,25 +11545,43 @@ B<-u Package> =item DESCRIPTION -=item AUTHOR +=over 4 + +=item Forcing a Stack Trace =back -=head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded +=back -=head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops +=over 4 + +=item GLOBAL VARIABLES =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item $Carp::CarpLevel -=item DESCRIPTION +=item $Carp::MaxEvalLen -=item AUTHOR +=item $Carp::MaxArgLen + +=item $Carp::MaxArgNums + +=item $Carp::Verbose =back -=head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs +=back + +=over 4 + +=item BUGS + +=back + +=head2 Carp::Heavy - heavy machinery, no user serviceable parts inside + +=head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree =over 4 @@ -9584,17 +11589,21 @@ B<-u Package> =item DESCRIPTION -=item OPTIONS +=item FUNCTIONS -C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]> +the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function +Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function +Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS) -=item BUGS +=item CAUTIONARY NOTES + +=item COPYRIGHT =item AUTHOR =back -=head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks +=head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes =over 4 @@ -9604,17 +11613,28 @@ C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]> =over 4 -=item Functions +=item The C function -B +=item Class Creation at Compile Time + +=item Element Types and Accessor Methods + +Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or +C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>) + +=item Initializing with C =back -=item AUTHOR +=item EXAMPLES + +Example 1, Example 2, Example 3 + +=item Author and Modification History =back -=head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code +=head2 Config - access Perl configuration information =over 4 @@ -9622,399 +11642,615 @@ B =item DESCRIPTION +myconfig(), config_sh(), config_re($regex), config_vars(@names) + +=item EXAMPLE + +=item WARNING + +=item GLOSSARY + =over 4 -=item Methods +=item _ -new, debug, iters +C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o> -=item Standard Exports +=item a -timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ), -timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr ( -TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] ) +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C -=item Optional Exports +=item b -clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [ -STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE), -disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 ) +C, C, C, C, C, C, C -=back +=item c + +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C + +=item d + +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C + +=item e + +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C -=item NOTES +=item f -=item EXAMPLES +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C -=item INHERITANCE +=item g -=item CAVEATS +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C -=item SEE ALSO +=item h -=item AUTHORS +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C -=item MODIFICATION HISTORY +=item i -=back +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C -=head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code +=item k -=over 4 +C, C -=item SYNOPSIS +=item l -=item DESCRIPTION +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C -=item AUTHOR +=item m -=item SEE ALSO +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C -=back +=item M -=head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C -=over 4 +=item n -=item SYNOPSIS +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C -=item DESCRIPTION +=item o -=item OPTIONS +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C -B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>, -B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, -B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage> +=item p -=item EXAMPLES +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C -=item BUGS +=item P -=item AUTHORS +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C -=back +=item q -=head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class +C, C -=over 4 +=item r -=item SYNOPSIS +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C -=item ABSTRACT +=item s -=item DESCRIPTION +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C -=over 4 +=item t -=item PROGRAMMING STYLE +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C -=item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES +=item u -=item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE): +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C -=item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE +=item v -=item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY: +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C -=item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT: +=item x -=item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER: +C -=item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER: +=item y -=item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER: +C, C -=item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE: +=item z -=item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY: +C, C -=item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS: +=back -=item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST: +=item NOTE -=item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH: +=back -=item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE: +=over 4 -=item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS +=item SYNOPSIS -=item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE +=item DESCRIPTION -B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:html4>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>, -B<:standard>, B<:all> +dynamic, nonxs, static -=item PRAGMAS +=item AUTHOR --any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph, --newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug, --private_tempfiles +=back -=item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS +=head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory -1. start_table() (generates a tag), 2. end_table() (generates a -
tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a
    tag), 4. end_ul() (generates -a
tag) +=over 4 -=back +=item SYNOPSIS -=item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS +=item DESCRIPTION =over 4 -=item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER: +=item getcwd and friends -=item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER +getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd, getdcwd -=item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER +=item abs_path and friends -B, 4, 5, 6.. +abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path -=item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT: +=item $ENV{PWD} -=item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION: +=back -=item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL +=item NOTES -B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query> -(B<-query_string>), B<-base> +=item AUTHOR -=item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS +=item SEE ALSO =back -=item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS: +=head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft, +subject to +change) =over 4 -=item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS +=item SYNOPSIS -=item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS +=item DESCRIPTION -=item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION +=over 4 -=item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS +=item Global Variables -=item AUTOESCAPING HTML + $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args, +@DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname, +$DB::lineno -$escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset = -charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]); +=item API Methods -=item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML +CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'), +CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done() -=back +=item Client Callback Methods -=item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS: +CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(), +CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(), +CLIENT->output(LIST) -=over 4 +=back -=item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG +=item BUGS -=item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM +=item AUTHOR -B, B +=back -=item CREATING A TEXT FIELD +=head2 DBM_Filter -- Filter DBM keys/values -B +=over 4 -=item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD +=item SYNOPSIS -=item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD +=item DESCRIPTION -=item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD +=item What is a DBM Filter? -B +=over 4 -=item CREATING A POPUP MENU +=item So what's new? -=item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST +=back -B +=item METHODS -=item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES +=over 4 -B +=item $db->Filter_Push() -=item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX +=item $db->Filter_Key_Push() -B +=item $db->Filter_Value_Push() -=item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP +Filter_Push, Filter_Key_Push, Filter_Value_Push -B +=item $db->Filter_Pop() -=item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON +=item $db->Filtered() -B +=back -=item CREATING A RESET BUTTON +=item Writing a Filter -=item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON +=over 4 -=item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD +=item Immediate Filters -B +=item Canned Filters -=item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON +"name", params -B +=back -=item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON +=item Filters Included -=back +utf8, encode, compress, int32, null -=item HTTP COOKIES +=item NOTES -1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag, -B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure> +=over 4 -=item WORKING WITH FRAMES +=item Maintain Round Trip Integrity -1. Create a document, 2. Specify the destination for the -document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in -the tag +=item Don't mix filtered & non-filtered data in the same database file. -=item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS +=back -=item DEBUGGING +=item EXAMPLE -=over 4 +=item SEE ALSO -=item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS +=item AUTHOR =back -=item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES +=head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x -B, B, B, B, -B, B, B, B, -B, B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B, B +=over 4 -=item USING NPH SCRIPTS +=item SYNOPSIS -In the B statement, By calling the B method:, By using B<-nph> -parameters +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Server Push +B, B, B -multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final() +=over 4 -=item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks +=item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater -B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script -basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts> +=item Interface to Berkeley DB -=item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL +=item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File -=item AUTHOR INFORMATION +=item Default Parameters -=item CREDITS +=item In Memory Databases -Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor -(james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish , Mike Jewell -(mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg -(jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick -(applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis -(tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen -(tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim -MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks -(kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed -Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug -MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org), -...and many many more.. +=back -=item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT +=item DB_HASH -=item BUGS +=over 4 -=item SEE ALSO +=item A Simple Example =back -=head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm +=item DB_BTREE =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Changing the BTREE sort order -=item ABSTRACT +=item Handling Duplicate Keys -=item DESCRIPTION +=item The get_dup() Method -=item AUTHOR INFORMATION +=item The find_dup() Method -=item BUGS +=item The del_dup() Method -=item SEE ALSO +=item Matching Partial Keys =back -=head2 CGI::Carp, B - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or -other) error log +=item DB_RECNO =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS - -=item DESCRIPTION +=item The 'bval' Option -=item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES +=item A Simple Example -=item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW +=item Extra RECNO Methods -=over 4 +B<$X-Epush(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-Epop ;>, B<$X-Eshift>, +B<$X-Eunshift(list) ;>, B<$X-Elength>, B<$X-Esplice(offset, +length, elements);> -=item Changing the default message +=item Another Example =back -=item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS +=item THE API INTERFACE + +B<$status = $X-Eget($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = +$X-Eput($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-Edel($key [, +$flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-Efd ;>, B<$status = $X-Eseq($key, +$value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-Esync([$flags]) ;> -=item CHANGE LOG +=item DBM FILTERS -=item AUTHORS +B, B, B, +B -=item SEE ALSO +=over 4 + +=item The Filter + +=item An Example -- the NULL termination problem. + +=item Another Example -- Key is a C int. =back -=head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies +=item HINTS AND TIPS =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Locking: The Trouble with fd -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Safe ways to lock a database -=item USING CGI::Cookie +B, B, B -B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag> +=item Sharing Databases With C Applications -=over 4 +=item The untie() Gotcha -=item Creating New Cookies +=back -=item Sending the Cookie to the Browser +=item COMMON QUESTIONS -=item Recovering Previous Cookies +=over 4 -=item Manipulating Cookies +=item Why is there Perl source in my database? -B, B, B, B, B +=item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File? + +=item What does "Invalid Argument" mean? + +=item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean? =back -=item AUTHOR INFORMATION +=item REFERENCES + +=item HISTORY =item BUGS +=item AVAILABILITY + +=item COPYRIGHT + =item SEE ALSO +=item AUTHOR + =back -=head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI +=head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both +printing and C =over 4 @@ -10022,29 +12258,46 @@ B, B, B, B, B =item DESCRIPTION -=item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE +=over 4 -=item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS +=item Methods -=item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS +I->new(I, I), I<$OBJ>->Dump I +I->Dump(I, I), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>), +I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>), +I<$OBJ>->Reset -=item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS +=item Functions -=item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION +Dumper(I) -FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE +=item Configuration Variables or Methods -=item CAVEATS +=item Exports -=item AUTHOR INFORMATION +Dumper + +=back + +=item EXAMPLES =item BUGS +=over 4 + +=item NOTE + +=back + +=item AUTHOR + +=item VERSION + =item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code +=head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler =over 4 @@ -10052,23 +12305,19 @@ FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE =item DESCRIPTION -=over 4 - -=item Tags that won't be formatted +=item PROFILE FORMAT -=item Customizing the Indenting +=item AUTOLOAD -=back +=item ENVIRONMENT =item BUGS -=item AUTHOR - =item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push +=head2 Devel::PPPort - Perl/Pollution/Portability =over 4 @@ -10076,47 +12325,53 @@ FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE =item DESCRIPTION -=item USING CGI::Push +=over 4 --next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph +=item Why use ppport.h? -=over 4 +You should use F in modern code so that your code will work +with the widest range of Perl interpreters possible, without significant +additional work. -=item Heterogeneous Pages +=item How to use ppport.h -=item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly +=item Running ppport.h =back -=item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS - -=item AUTHOR INFORMATION +=item FUNCTIONS -=item BUGS +=over 4 -=item SEE ALSO +=item WriteFile =back -=head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch +=item COMPATIBILITY =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Provided Perl compatibility API -=item ABSTRACT +=item Perl API not supported by ppport.h -=item DESCRIPTION +perl 5.9.2, perl 5.9.1, perl 5.9.0, perl 5.8.3, perl 5.8.1, perl 5.8.0, +perl 5.7.3, perl 5.7.2, perl 5.7.1, perl 5.6.1, perl 5.6.0, perl 5.005_03, +perl 5.005, perl 5.004_05, perl 5.004_04, perl 5.004 -=item AUTHOR INFORMATION +=back =item BUGS +=item AUTHORS + +=item COPYRIGHT + =item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module +=head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer =over 4 @@ -10124,142 +12379,125 @@ FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE =item DESCRIPTION -=item AUTHOR INFORMATION +=over 4 -=item SEE ALSO +=item Runtime debugging + +=item Memory footprint debugging =back -=head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites +=item EXAMPLES =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item A simple scalar string -=item DESCRIPTION +=item A simple scalar number -=over 4 +=item A simple scalar with an extra reference -=item Interactive Mode +=item A reference to a simple scalar -Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test, -install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or -distribution, ls author, Signals +=item A reference to an array -=item CPAN::Shell +=item A reference to a hash -=item autobundle +=item Dumping a large array or hash -=item recompile +=item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer -=item The four C Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution +=item A reference to a subroutine -=item Programmer's interface +=back -expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples +=item EXPORTS -=item Methods in the other Classes +=item BUGS -CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(), -CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(), -CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(), -CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(), -CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(), -CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(), -CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(), -CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(), -CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(), -CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(), -CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(), -CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(), -CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(), -CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(), -CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(), -CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(), -CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(), -CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(), -CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(), -CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(), -CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args), -CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(), -CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(), -CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(), -CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(), -CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid() +=item AUTHOR -=item Cache Manager +=item SEE ALSO -=item Bundles +=back -=item Prerequisites +=head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module -=item Finding packages and VERSION +=over 4 -=item Debugging +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode +=item DESCRIPTION =back -=item CONFIGURATION - -Cscalar optionE>, Cscalar optionE -EvalueE>, Clist optionE>, Clist -optionE [shift|pop]>, Clist optionE -[unshift|push|splice] ElistE> +=head2 Digest - Modules that calculate message digests =over 4 -=item Note on urllist parameter's format +=item SYNOPSIS -=item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support +=item DESCRIPTION -=back +I, I, I -=item SECURITY +=item OO INTERFACE -=item EXPORT +$ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx = +Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $other_ctx = $ctx->clone, $ctx->reset, +$ctx->add( $data, ... ), $ctx->addfile( $io_handle ), $ctx->add_bits( +$data, $nbits ), $ctx->add_bits( $bitstring ), $ctx->digest, +$ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest -=item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES +=item Digest speed -=item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS +=item SEE ALSO -=over 4 +=item AUTHOR -=item Three basic types of firewalls +=back -http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade +=head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm -=item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall +=over 4 -=back +=item SYNOPSIS -=item FAQ +=item DESCRIPTION -1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10) +=item FUNCTIONS -=item BUGS +md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...) -=item AUTHOR +=item METHODS -=item TRANSLATIONS +$md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->clone, $md5->add($data,...), +$md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->add_bits($data, $nbits), +$md5->add_bits($bitstring), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest + +=item EXAMPLES =item SEE ALSO +=item COPYRIGHT + +=item AUTHORS + =back -=head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization +=head2 Digest::base - Digest base class =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item SYNPOSIS =item DESCRIPTION +=item SEE ALSO + =back -=head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS -module +=head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles =over 4 @@ -10267,11 +12505,11 @@ module =item DESCRIPTION -=item SEE ALSO +=item NOTES =back -=head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller) +=head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data. =over 4 @@ -10281,17 +12519,23 @@ module =over 4 -=item Forcing a Stack Trace +=item Creation -=back +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit, +stopDbSignal -=item BUGS +=item Methods + +dumpValue, dumpValues, stringify, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, +compactDump, veryCompact, set, get =back -=head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside +=back -=head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree +=head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code =over 4 @@ -10299,21 +12543,18 @@ module =item DESCRIPTION -=item FUNCTIONS - -the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function -Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function -Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS) - -=item CAUTIONARY NOTES - -=item COPYRIGHT +@dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs, +@dl_modules, @dl_shared_objects, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), +dl_expandspec(), dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_load_flags(), +dl_find_symbol(), dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), +dl_install_xsub(), bootstrap() =item AUTHOR =back -=head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes +=head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into +Perl code =over 4 @@ -10323,316 +12564,169 @@ Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS) =over 4 -=item The C function +=item Migration from C -=item Class Creation at Compile Time +=item Backward compatible boilerplate -=item Element Types and Accessor Methods +=back -Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or -C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>) +=item Order of initialization: early load() -=item Initializing with C +=over 4 -=back +=item The most hairy case -=item EXAMPLES +=back -Example 1, Example 2, Example 3 +=item LIMITATIONS -=item Author and Modification History +=item AUTHOR =back -=head2 Config - access Perl configuration information +=head2 Encode - character encodings =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS -=item DESCRIPTION - -myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names) +=over 4 -=item EXAMPLE +=item Table of Contents -=item WARNING +=back -=item GLOSSARY +=item DESCRIPTION =over 4 -=item _ +=item TERMINOLOGY -C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o> +=back -=item a +=item PERL ENCODING API -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C +$octets = encode(ENCODING, $string [, CHECK]), $string = decode(ENCODING, +$octets [, CHECK]), [$length =] from_to($octets, FROM_ENC, TO_ENC [, +CHECK]), $octets = encode_utf8($string);, $string = decode_utf8($octets [, +CHECK]); -=item b +=over 4 -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C +=item Listing available encodings -=item c +=item Defining Aliases -C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C +=back -=item d +=item Encoding via PerlIO -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, -C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, -C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C +=item Handling Malformed Data -=item e +B Not all encoding suppport this feature, I = +Encode::FB_DEFAULT ( == 0), I = Encode::FB_CROAK ( == 1), I = +Encode::FB_QUIET, I = Encode::FB_WARN, perlqq mode (I = +Encode::FB_PERLQQ), HTML charref mode (I = Encode::FB_HTMLCREF), XML +charref mode (I = Encode::FB_XMLCREF), The bitmask -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C +=over 4 -=item f +=item Unimplemented fallback schemes -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C +=back -=item g +=item Defining Encodings -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C +=item The UTF-8 flag -=item h +Goal #1:, Goal #2:, Goal #3:, Goal #4: -C, C, C, C +=over 4 -=item i +=item Messing with Perl's Internals -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C +is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), _utf8_on(STRING), _utf8_off(STRING) -=item k +=back -C, C +=item SEE ALSO -=item l +=item MAINTAINER -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C +=back -=item m +=head2 Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encodings -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C +=over 4 -=item M +=item SYNOPSIS -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C +=item DESCRIPTION -=item n +As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code +reference, e.g.: -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C +=over 4 -=item o +=item Alias overloading -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C +=back -=item p +=item SEE ALSO -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C +=back -=item P +=head2 Encode::Byte - Single Byte Encodings -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C +=over 4 -=item q +=item SYNOPSIS -C, C +=item ABSTRACT -=item r +=item DESCRIPTION -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C +=item SEE ALSO -=item s +=back -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C +=head2 Encode::CJKConstants -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_* -=item t +=head2 Encode::CN - China-based Chinese Encodings -C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C +=over 4 -=item u +=item SYNOPSIS -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C +=item DESCRIPTION -=item v +=item NOTES -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, -C, C, C +=item BUGS -=item x +=item SEE ALSO -C, C +=back -=item y +=head2 Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by Encode::CN -C, C +=head2 Encode::Config -- internally used by Encode -=item z +=head2 Encode::EBCDIC - EBCDIC Encodings -C, C +=over 4 -=back +=item SYNOPSIS -=item NOTE +=item ABSTRACT + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory +=head2 Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation Base Class =over 4 @@ -10642,62 +12736,79 @@ C, C =over 4 -=item getcwd and friends +=item Methods you should implement -getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd +-Eencode($string [,$check]), -Edecode($octets [,$check]), +-Ecat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check]) -=item abs_path and friends +=item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings -abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path +-Ename, -Erenew, -Erenewed, -Eperlio_ok(), +-Eneeds_lines() -=item $ENV{PWD} +=item Example: Encode::ROT13 =back -=item NOTES +=item Why the heck Encode API is different? + +=over 4 + +=item Compiled Encodings + +=back =item SEE ALSO +Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes + =back -=head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft, -subject to -change) +=head2 Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS +=item ABSTRACT + =item DESCRIPTION -=over 4 +Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects, +Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data), +guess_encoding($data, [, I]) -=item Global Variables +=item CAVEATS - $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args, -@DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname, -$DB::lineno +=item TO DO -=item API Methods +=item SEE ALSO -CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'), -CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done() +=back -=item Client Callback Methods +=head2 Encode::JP - Japanese Encodings -CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(), -CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(), -CLIENT->output(LIST) +=over 4 -=back +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item ABSTRACT + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Note on ISO-2022-JP(-1)? =item BUGS -=item AUTHOR +=item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x +=head2 Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP* + +=head2 Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by Encode::JP + +=head2 Encode::KR - Korean Encodings =over 4 @@ -10705,136 +12816,149 @@ CLIENT->output(LIST) =item DESCRIPTION -B, B, B +=item BUGS -=over 4 +=item SEE ALSO -=item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater +=back -=item Interface to Berkeley DB +=head2 Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally used by Encode::KR -=item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File +=head2 Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding -=item Default Parameters +=over 4 -=item In Memory Databases +=item SYNOPSIS -=back +=item ABSTRACT -=item DB_HASH +=item DESCRIPTION -=over 4 +=item BUGS -=item A Simple Example +=item SEE ALSO =back -=item DB_BTREE +=head2 Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on Encode and PerlIO =over 4 -=item Changing the BTREE sort order +=item Overview -=item Handling Duplicate Keys +=item How does it work? -=item The get_dup() Method +=item Line Buffering -=item The find_dup() Method +=over 4 -=item The del_dup() Method +=item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ? -=item Matching Partial Keys +=back + +=item SEE ALSO =back -=item DB_RECNO +=head2 Encode::Supported -- Encodings supported by Encode =over 4 -=item The 'bval' Option +=item DESCRIPTION -=item A Simple Example +=over 4 -=item Extra RECNO Methods +=item Encoding Names -B<$X-Epush(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-Epop ;>, B<$X-Eshift>, -B<$X-Eunshift(list) ;>, B<$X-Elength>, B<$X-Esplice(offset, -length, elements);> +=back -=item Another Example +=item Supported Encodings -=back +=over 4 -=item THE API INTERFACE +=item Built-in Encodings -B<$status = $X-Eget($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = -$X-Eput($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-Edel($key [, -$flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-Efd ;>, B<$status = $X-Eseq($key, -$value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-Esync([$flags]) ;> +=item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings -=item DBM FILTERS +=item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII -B, B, B, -B +ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for +the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1 -=over 4 +=item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte) -=item The Filter +Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea, +Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN, +Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN -=item An Example -- the NULL termination problem. +=item Miscellaneous encodings -=item Another Example -- Key is a C int. +Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess =back -=item HINTS AND TIPS +=item Unsupported encodings -=over 4 + ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings, +Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran +System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS, +Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings -=item Locking: The Trouble with fd +=item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology -=item Safe ways to lock a database +=item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai) -B, B, B +=over 4 -=item Sharing Databases With C Applications +=item Microsoft-related naming mess -=item The untie() Gotcha +KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS =back -=item COMMON QUESTIONS +=item Glossary + +character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme +(CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF, +UTF-16 + +=item See Also + +=item References + +ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO, +RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary =over 4 -=item Why is there Perl source in my database? +=item Other Notable Sites -=item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File? +czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org: +"Introduction to i18n" -=item What does "Invalid Argument" mean? +=item Offline sources -=item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean? +C by Ken Lunde =back -=item REFERENCES +=back -=item HISTORY +=head2 Encode::Symbol - Symbol Encodings -=item BUGS +=over 4 -=item AVAILABILITY +=item SYNOPSIS -=item COPYRIGHT +=item ABSTRACT -=item SEE ALSO +=item DESCRIPTION -=item AUTHOR +=item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both -printing and C +=head2 Encode::TW - Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings =over 4 @@ -10842,76 +12966,60 @@ printing and C =item DESCRIPTION -=over 4 +=item NOTES -=item Methods +=item BUGS -I->new(I, I), I<$OBJ>->Dump I -I->Dump(I, I), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>), -I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>), -I<$OBJ>->Reset +=item SEE ALSO -=item Functions +=back -Dumper(I) +=head2 Encode::Unicode -- Various Unicode Transformation Formats -=item Configuration Variables or Methods +=over 4 -$Data::Dumper::Indent I I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Purity I I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Pad I I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Varname I I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Useqq I I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Terse I I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Freezer I $I->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Toaster I $I->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I $I->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I $I->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Bless I $I->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I $I->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Useperl I $I->Useperl(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Sortkeys I $I->Sortkeys(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Deparse I $I->Deparse(I<[NEWVAL]>) +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Exports +=item ABSTRACT -Dumper +L says:, Quick Reference -=back +=item Size, Endianness, and BOM -=item EXAMPLES +=over 4 -=item BUGS +=item by size -=item AUTHOR +=item by endianness -=item VERSION +BOM as integer when fetched in network byte order + +=back + +=item Surrogate Pairs + +=item Error Checking =item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler +=head2 Encode::Unicode::UTF7 -- UTF-7 encoding =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS -=item DESCRIPTION - -=item PROFILE FORMAT - -=item AUTOLOAD - -=item ENVIRONMENT +=item ABSTRACT -=item BUGS +=item In Practice =item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 Devel::PPPort, Perl/Pollution/Portability +=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Alias, Encode::Alias - alias definitions to +encodings =over 4 @@ -10919,21 +13027,30 @@ Dumper =item DESCRIPTION +As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code +reference, e.g.: + =over 4 -=item WriteFile +=item Alias overloading =back -=item ppport.h - -=item AUTHOR - =item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer +=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CJKConstants.pm -- +Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_* + +=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by +Encode::CN + +=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Config, Encode::Config -- internally used by +Encode + +=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Encoding, Encode::Encoding - Encode +Implementation Base Class =over 4 @@ -10943,294 +13060,325 @@ Dumper =over 4 -=item Runtime debugging +=item Methods you should implement -=item Memory footprint debugging +-Eencode($string [,$check]), -Edecode($octets [,$check]), +-Ecat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check]) + +=item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings + +-Ename, -Erenew, -Erenewed, -Eperlio_ok(), +-Eneeds_lines() + +=item Example: Encode::ROT13 =back -=item EXAMPLES +=item Why the heck Encode API is different? =over 4 -=item A simple scalar string +=item Compiled Encodings -=item A simple scalar number +=back -=item A simple scalar with an extra reference +=item SEE ALSO -=item A reference to a simple scalar +Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes -=item A reference to an array +=back -=item A reference to a hash +=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Guess, Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from +data -=item Dumping a large array or hash +=over 4 -=item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer +=item SYNOPSIS -=item A reference to a subroutine +=item ABSTRACT -=back +=item DESCRIPTION -=item EXPORTS +Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects, +Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data), +guess_encoding($data, [, I]) -=item BUGS +=item CAVEATS -=item AUTHOR +=item TO DO =item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module +=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by +Encode::JP::2022_JP* + +=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used +by Encode::JP + +=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally +used by Encode::KR + +=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' +and 'Q' header encoding =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS +=item ABSTRACT + =item DESCRIPTION +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + =back -=head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests +=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::PerlIO, Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document +on Encode and PerlIO =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Overview -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How does it work? -I, I, I +=item Line Buffering -=item OO INTERFACE +=over 4 -$ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx = -Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...), -$ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest +=item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ? + +=back =item SEE ALSO -=item AUTHOR +=back + +=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Supported, Encode::Supported -- Encodings +supported by Encode + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Encoding Names =back -=head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm +=item Supported Encodings =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Built-in Encodings -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings -=item FUNCTIONS +=item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII -md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...) +ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for +the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1 -=item METHODS +=item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte) -$md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...), -$md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest +Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea, +Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN, +Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN -=item EXAMPLES +=item Miscellaneous encodings -=item SEE ALSO +Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess + +=back -=item COPYRIGHT +=item Unsupported encodings -=item AUTHORS + ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings, +Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran +System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS, +Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings -=back +=item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology -=head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles +=item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai) =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS - -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Microsoft-related naming mess -=item NOTES +KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS =back -=head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data. +=item Glossary -=over 4 +character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme +(CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF, +UTF-16 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item See Also -=item DESCRIPTION +=item References + +ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO, +RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary =over 4 -=item Creation +=item Other Notable Sites -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit, -stopDbSignal +czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org: +"Introduction to i18n" -=item Methods +=item Offline sources -dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump, -veryCompact, set, get +C by Ken Lunde =back =back -=head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code +=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Unicode::UTF7, Encode::Unicode::UTF7 -- UTF-7 +encoding =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS -=item DESCRIPTION +=item ABSTRACT -@dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs, -@dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(), -dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(), -dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(), -bootstrap() +=item In Practice -=item AUTHOR +=item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into -Perl code +=head2 Encode::lib::Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS -=item DESCRIPTION +=item ABSTRACT -=item AUTHOR +=item Description -=back +=over 4 -=head2 Encode - character encodings +=item Predefined Methods -=over 4 +$e = Encode::Encoder-Enew([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(), +$e-Edata([$data]), $e-Eencoding([$encoding]), +$e-Ebytes([$encoding]) -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Example: base64 transcoder -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Operator Overloading -=over 4 +=back -=item TERMINOLOGY +=item SEE ALSO =back -=item ENCODINGS +=head2 Encodencoding, encoding - allows you to write your script in +non-ascii or non-utf8 =over 4 -=item Characteristics of an Encoding - -=item Types of Encodings +=item SYNOPSIS -Fixed length 8-bit (or less) encodings, Fixed length 16-bit encodings, -Fixed length 32-bit encodings, Multi-byte encodings, "Escape" encodings +=item ABSTRACT -=item Specifying Encodings +=over 4 -1. By name, 2. As an object +=item Literal Conversions -=item Encoding Names +=item PerlIO layers for C -The MIME name as defined in IETF RFCs, The name in the IANA registry, The -name used by the organization that defined it +=item Implicit upgrading for byte strings =back -=item PERL ENCODING API - -=over 4 +=item FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1 -=item Generic Encoding Interface +"NON-EUC" doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle -=item Handling Malformed Data +=item USAGE -Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes +use encoding [I] ;, use encoding I [ STDIN =E +I ...] ;, use encoding I Filter=E1;, no encoding; -=item UTF-8 / utf8 +=item The Filter Option -=item Other Encodings of Unicode +=over 4 -=item Listing available encodings +=item Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87 -=item Defining Aliases +=back -As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code -reference, e.g.: +=item CAVEATS -=item Defining Encodings +=over 4 -=back +=item NOT SCOPED -=item Encoding and IO +=item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS -=item Encoding How to ... +=item tr/// with ranges -IO with mixed content (faking iso-2020-*), MIME's Content-Length:, UTF-8 -strings in binary data, Perl/Encode wrappers on non-Unicode XS modules +Legend of characters above -=item Messing with Perl's Internals +=back -is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), valid_utf8(STRING) +=item EXAMPLE - Greekperl -=item IMPLEMENTATION CLASSES +=item KNOWN PROBLEMS --Ename, -Enew_sequence, -Eencode($string,$check), --Edecode($octets,$check) +literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format =over 4 -=item Compiled Encodings - -.enc, .ucm, .ucm, .c, .xs, ascii and iso-8859-*, IBM-1047 and two other -variants of EBCDIC, symbol and dingbats as used by Tk on X11 +=item The Logic of :locale =back +=item HISTORY + =item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 Encode::Tcl - Tcl encodings - -=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Tcl, Encode::Tcl - Tcl encodings - -=head2 Encode::lib::EncodeFormat, EncodeFormat - the format of encoding -tables of the Encode extension +=head2 Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder =over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION - -[1] B, [2] B, [3] B, [4] B +=item SYNOPSIS -=item KEYWORDS +=item ABSTRACT -=item COPYRIGHT +=item Description -=back +=over 4 -=head2 EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables of the Encode extension +=item Predefined Methods -=over 4 +$e = Encode::Encoder-Enew([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(), +$e-Edata([$data]), $e-Eencoding([$encoding]), +$e-Ebytes([$encoding]) -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Example: base64 transcoder -[1] B, [2] B, [3] B, [4] B +=item Operator Overloading -=item KEYWORDS +=back -=item COPYRIGHT +=item SEE ALSO =back @@ -11306,6 +13454,8 @@ C, C, C =item Exporting without using Exporter's import method +=item Exporting without inheriting from Exporter + =item Module Version Checking =item Managing Unknown Symbols @@ -11361,6 +13511,8 @@ mkpath directory.. test_f file +dos2unix + =over 4 =item BUGS @@ -11371,6 +13523,26 @@ test_f file =back +=head2 ExtUtils::Command::MM - Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +B + +=back + +B + +B + +B + +B + =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants =over 4 @@ -11389,6 +13561,8 @@ IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF C_stringify NAME +perl_stringify NAME + constant_types memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT @@ -11406,7 +13580,7 @@ dump_names dogfood C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item -def_post +def_post, utf8 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME @@ -11454,6 +13628,34 @@ ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules) =item DESCRIPTION +=over 4 + +=item Functions + +B + +=back + +=back + +B I + +B + +B + +_autosplit + +=over 4 + +=item ENVIRONMENT + +B + +=item AUTHOR + +=item LICENSE + =back =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules @@ -11485,7 +13687,8 @@ packlist(), version() =item DESCRIPTION -For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions +For static extensions, For dynamic extensions at build/link time, For +dynamic extensions at load time =over 4 @@ -11511,6 +13714,104 @@ For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions =back +=head2 ExtUtils::MM - OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform-agnostic MM methods + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Inherently Cross-Platform Methods + +installvars + +=back + +os_flavor_is + +dir_target B + +blibdirs_target (o) + +=over 4 + +=item File::Spec wrappers + +catfile + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item Thought To Be Cross-Platform Methods + +B + +=back + +B + +init_VERSION + +wraplist + +manifypods + +manifypods_target + +makemakerdflt_target + +special_targets + +POD2MAN_macro + +test_via_harness + +test_via_script + +libscan + +tool_autosplit + +all_target + +metafile_target + +signature_target + +metafile_addtomanifest_target + +signature_addtomanifest_target + +=over 4 + +=item Abstract methods + +oneliner, B, B, max_exec_len, +B, init_DIRFILESEP, init_linker, init_platform, +platform_constants + +=back + +os_flavor + +=over 4 + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + =head2 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker @@ -11522,7 +13823,9 @@ ExtUtils::MakeMaker =back -perl_archive +os_flavor (o) + +init_linker =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker @@ -11533,12 +13836,17 @@ ExtUtils::MakeMaker =item DESCRIPTION -canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive +os_flavor (o) =back -=head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in -ExtUtils::MakeMaker +cflags (o) + +replace_manpage_separator (o) + +init_linker + +=head2 ExtUtils::MM_DOS - DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix =over 4 @@ -11546,43 +13854,56 @@ ExtUtils::MakeMaker =item DESCRIPTION +=over 4 + +=item Overridden methods + +os_flavor + =back -catfile +=back -constants (o) +B -static_lib (o) +=over 4 -dynamic_bs (o) +=item AUTHOR -dynamic_lib (o) +=item SEE ALSO -canonpath +=back -perl_script +=head2 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS - once produced Makefiles for MacOS Classic -pm_to_blib +=over 4 -test_via_harness (o) +=item SYNOPSIS -tool_autosplit (override) +=item DESCRIPTION -tools_other (o) +=back -xs_o (o) +=head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in +ExtUtils::MakeMaker -top_targets (o) +=over 4 -htmlifypods (o) +=item SYNOPSIS -manifypods (o) +=item DESCRIPTION -dist_ci (o) +=back -dist_core (o) +os_flavor -pasthru (o) +init_platform (o), platform_constants + +const_cccmd (o) + +static_lib (o) + +dynamic_lib (o) =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker @@ -11595,11 +13916,15 @@ ExtUtils::MakeMaker =item METHODS +init_dist (o) + =back -perl_archive_after +init_linker -=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker +os_flavor + +=head2 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN - U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix =over 4 @@ -11607,40 +13932,54 @@ perl_archive_after =item DESCRIPTION -=item METHODS - =over 4 -=item Preloaded methods +=item Overridden methods -canonpath +os_flavor =back =back -catdir +B + +=over 4 + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker + +=over 4 -catfile +=item SYNOPSIS -curdir +=item DESCRIPTION -rootdir +=item METHODS -updir +=back =over 4 -=item SelfLoaded methods +=item Methods -c_o (o) +os_flavor (o) =back +c_o (o) + cflags (o) clean (o) +clean_subdirs_target + const_cccmd (o) const_config (o) @@ -11651,7 +13990,9 @@ constants (o) depend (o) -dir_target (o) +init_DEST + +init_dist dist (o) @@ -11661,9 +14002,23 @@ dist_ci (o) dist_core (o) -dist_dir (o) +B + +B -dist_test (o) +B + +B + +zipfile_target + +uutardist_target + +shdist_target + +distdir + +dist_test dlsyms (o) @@ -11677,10 +14032,10 @@ exescan extliblist -file_name_is_absolute - find_perl +find_tests + =over 4 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile @@ -11695,20 +14050,34 @@ guess_name has_link_code -htmlifypods (o) - init_dirscan +init_DIRFILESEP + init_main init_others +init_INST + +init_INSTALL + +init_linker + +init_lib2arch + +init_PERL + +init_platform (o), platform_constants (o) + +init_PERM + +init_xs + install (o) installbin (o) -libscan (o) - linkext (o) lsdir @@ -11719,30 +14088,22 @@ makeaperl (o) makefile (o) -manifypods (o) - maybe_command -maybe_command_in_dirs - needs_linking (o) nicetext -parse_version - parse_abstract -pasthru (o) +parse_version -path +pasthru (o) perl_script perldepend (o) -ppd - perm_rw (o) perm_rwx (o) @@ -11755,6 +14116,8 @@ post_initialize (o) postamble (o) +ppd + prefixify processPL (o) @@ -11763,8 +14126,18 @@ quote_paren realclean (o) +realclean_subdirs_target + replace_manpage_separator +oneliner (o) + +quote_literal + +escape_newlines + +max_exec_len + static (o) static_lib (o) @@ -11777,16 +14150,16 @@ subdirs (o) test (o) -test_via_harness (o) - -test_via_script (o) +test_via_harness (override) -tool_autosplit (o) +test_via_script (override) tools_other (o) tool_xsubpp (o) +all_target + top_targets (o) writedoc @@ -11797,12 +14170,6 @@ xs_cpp (o) xs_o (o) -perl_archive - -perl_archive_after - -export_list - =over 4 =item SEE ALSO @@ -11828,11 +14195,9 @@ wraplist =back -rootdir (override) - =over 4 -=item SelfLoaded methods +=item Methods guess_name (override) @@ -11840,37 +14205,39 @@ guess_name (override) find_perl (override) -path (override) - maybe_command (override) -maybe_command_in_dirs (override) - perl_script (override) -file_name_is_absolute (override) - replace_manpage_separator +init_DEST + +init_DIRFILESEP + +init_main (override) + init_others (override) +init_platform (override) + +platform_constants + +init_VERSION (override) + constants (override) +special_targets + cflags (override) const_cccmd (override) -pm_to_blib (override) - -tool_autosplit (override) - tool_sxubpp (override) -xsubpp_version (override) - tools_other (override) -dist (override) +init_dist (override) c_o (override) @@ -11878,8 +14245,6 @@ xs_c (override) xs_o (override) -top_targets (override) - dlsyms (override) dynamic_lib (override) @@ -11888,8 +14253,6 @@ dynamic_bs (override) static_lib (override) -manifypods (override) - processPL (override) installbin (override) @@ -11898,13 +14261,11 @@ subdir_x (override) clean (override) -realclean (override) - -dist_basics (override) +clean_subdirs_target -dist_core (override) +realclean (override) -dist_dir (override) +zipfile_target (o), tarfile_target (o), shdist_target (o) dist_test (override) @@ -11914,16 +14275,34 @@ perldepend (override) makefile (override) -test (override) - -test_via_harness (override) +find_tests (override) -test_via_script (override) +test (override) makeaperl (override) nicetext (override) +prefixify (override) + +oneliner (o) + +B (o) + +quote_literal + +escape_newlines + +max_exec_len + +init_linker (o) + +eliminate_macros + +fixpath + +os_flavor + =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker @@ -11935,43 +14314,99 @@ ExtUtils::MakeMaker =back -catfile +=over 4 -constants (o) +=item Overridden methods -static_lib (o) +B -dynamic_bs (o) +=back + +replace_manpage_separator + +B + +B + +B + +B + +init_platform (o), platform_constants (o) + +special_targets (o) + +static_lib (o) dynamic_lib (o) -canonpath +clean + +init_linker perl_script -pm_to_blib +xs_o (o) -test_via_harness (o) +pasthru (o) -tool_autosplit (override) +oneliner (o) -tools_other (o) +max_exec_len -xs_o (o) +os_flavor -top_targets (o) +=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win95 - method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X -htmlifypods (o) +=over 4 -manifypods (o) +=item SYNOPSIS -dist_ci (o) +=item DESCRIPTION -dist_core (o) +=over 4 -pasthru (o) +=item Overriden methods + +dist_test + +=back + +=back + +subdir_x + +xs_c + +xs_cpp + +xs_o + +clean_subdirs_target + +realclean_subdirs_target + +max_exec_len + +os_flavor -=head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile +=over 4 + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::MY - ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - Create a module Makefile =over 4 @@ -12004,39 +14439,51 @@ pasthru (o) =item Using Attributes and Parameters ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG, -CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT, -EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS, -HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, -INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR, -INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, -INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, -INST_EXE, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, -INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE, -MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME, -NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE, -PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLRUN, PERM_RW, +CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DESTDIR, DIR, DISTNAME, DISTVNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, +EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN, +FULLPERLRUNINST, FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, +INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, +INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN, INSTALLSITELIB, +INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR, INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR, INSTALLVENDORARCH, +INSTALLVENDORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB, INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR, +INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, +INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LD, LDDLFLAGS, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, +LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE_OLD, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, +MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_META, NO_VC, OBJECT, +OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, +PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLPREFIX, PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC, -PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PRINT, -PRINT_PREREQ, SKIP, TEST_LIBS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, -XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION +PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_PRINT, +PRINT_PREREQ, SITEPREFIX, SIGN, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VENDORPREFIX, VERBINST, +VERSION, VERSION_FROM, VERSION_SYM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION =item Additional lowercase attributes -clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test, -tool_autosplit +clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, postamble, realclean, +test, tool_autosplit =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods +=item The End Of Cargo Cult Programming + +C< ' '>> + =item Hintsfile support =item Distribution Support make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest, - make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make -shdist, make zipdist, make ci + make distdir, make disttest, make tardist, make dist, make +uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci + +=item Module Meta-Data =item Disabling an extension +=item Other Handy Functions + +prompt + =back =item ENVIRONMENT @@ -12047,6 +14494,92 @@ PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT =item AUTHORS +=item LICENSE + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions About +MakeMaker + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Module Installation + +How do I keep from installing man pages?, How do I use a module without +installing it? + +=item Philosophy and History + +Why not just use ?, What is +Module::Build and how does it relate to MakeMaker?, pure perl. no make, no +shell commands, easier to customize, cleaner internals, less cruft + +=item Module Writing + +How do I keep my $VERSION up to date without resetting it manually?, What's +this F thing and how did it get in my F?! + +=item XS + +How to I prevent "object version X.XX does not match bootstrap parameter +Y.YY" errors?, How do I make two or more XS files coexist in the same +directory? + +=back + +=item PATCHING + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial - Writing a module with MakeMaker + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item The Mantra + +=item The Layout + +Makefile.PL, MANIFEST, lib/, t/, Changes, README, INSTALL, MANIFEST.SKIP, +bin/ + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes - Version-agnostic bytes.pm + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish - Platform-agnostic vmsish.pm + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + =back =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file @@ -12057,16 +14590,50 @@ PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT =item DESCRIPTION +=over 4 + +=item Functions + +mkmanifest + +=back + +=back + +manifind + +manicheck + +filecheck + +fullcheck + +skipcheck + +maniread + +manicopy + +maniadd + +=over 4 + +=item MANIFEST + =item MANIFEST.SKIP =item EXPORT_OK =item GLOBAL VARIABLES +=back + +=over 4 + =item DIAGNOSTICS -C I, C I, C I<$!>, -C I +C I, C I, C I, +C I<$!>, C I =item ENVIRONMENT @@ -12197,6 +14764,10 @@ C, C =item DESCRIPTION +=item AUTHOR + +=item HISTORY + =back =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles @@ -12293,6 +14864,8 @@ $dont_use_nlink, symlinks =item NOTES +=item BUGS AND CAVEATS + =item HISTORY =back @@ -12327,6 +14900,8 @@ C, C =item DESCRIPTION +=item DIAGNOSTICS + =item AUTHORS =back @@ -12347,7 +14922,7 @@ splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs() =item SEE ALSO -=item AUTHORS +=item AUTHOR =back @@ -12361,6 +14936,12 @@ splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs() =back +canonpath + +file_name_is_absolute + +tmpdir (override) + =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs =over 4 @@ -12369,26 +14950,12 @@ splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs() =item DESCRIPTION -devnull +=item AUTHORS =back -tmpdir - -path - canonpath() -splitpath - -splitdir - -catpath - -abs2rel - -rel2abs() - =over 4 =item SEE ALSO @@ -12463,14 +15030,6 @@ rel2abs =back -canonpath - -splitpath - -splitdir - -catpath - =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs =over 4 @@ -12479,6 +15038,8 @@ catpath =item DESCRIPTION +tmpdir, splitpath + =back =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec @@ -12620,6 +15181,12 @@ catpath =over 4 +=item Note For File::Spec::Win32 Maintainers + +=back + +=over 4 + =item SEE ALSO =back @@ -12638,6 +15205,18 @@ catpath =over 4 +=item OO INTERFACE + +B + +=back + +B + +B + +=over 4 + =item FUNCTIONS B @@ -12686,6 +15265,10 @@ B =back +B + +B + =over 4 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES @@ -12722,6 +15305,8 @@ TopSystemUID =item DESCRIPTION +=item BUGS + =item NOTE =item AUTHOR @@ -12736,6 +15321,10 @@ TopSystemUID =item DESCRIPTION +cacheout EXPR, cacheout MODE, EXPR + +=item CAVEATS + =item BUGS =back @@ -12922,6 +15511,8 @@ B<$_>, B<$status>, B and B, B =item Object oriented interface +=item Thread Safety + =item Documentation and help texts =item Storing options in a hash @@ -12939,9 +15530,14 @@ B<$_>, B<$status>, B and B, B default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt, require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always -(default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix, +(default: disabled), auto_version (default:disabled), auto_help +(default:disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix, prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled) +=item Exportable Methods + +VersionMessage, C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-output>, HelpMessage + =item Return values and Errors =item Legacy @@ -12960,13 +15556,13 @@ prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled) =over 4 -=item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option - =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not supplied =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly +=item Undefined subroutine &main::GetOptions called + =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long? =back @@ -12977,8 +15573,20 @@ supplied =back -=head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch -clustering +=head2 Getopt::Std, getopt, getopts - Process single-character switches +with switch clustering + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item C<--help> and C<--version> + +=back + +=head2 Hash::Util - A selection of general-utility hash subroutines =over 4 @@ -12986,6 +15594,30 @@ clustering =item DESCRIPTION +=over 4 + +=item Restricted hashes + +lock_keys, unlock_keys + +=back + +=back + +lock_value, unlock_value + +B, B + +B + +=over 4 + +=item CAVEATS + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + =back =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current @@ -13030,6 +15662,9 @@ the function alternate_language_tags($lang1) the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages) +the function implicate_supers( ...languages... ), the function +implicate_supers_strictly( ...languages... ) + =over 4 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING @@ -13044,6 +15679,26 @@ the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages) =back +=head2 I18N::LangTags::Detect - detect the user's language preferences + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item FUNCTIONS + +=item ENVIRONMENT + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages =over 4 @@ -13056,88 +15711,93 @@ the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages) =item LIST OF LANGUAGES -{ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {aa} : -Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)], -{aka} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} : -Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} : -Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} : -Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, [{art} : -Artificial (Other)], {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages], -[{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {ava} : -Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani, -{ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bam} : -Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu -(Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak -(Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} : -Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} : -Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} : -Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} : -Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan, -[{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)], -[{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} : -Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy} -: Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} : -Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic, -{chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} : -Corsican, {cre} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and -pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], -[{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles -and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} : -Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default -(Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {div} : Divehi, {doi} -: Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} : -Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha, -{efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite, -{en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English -(ca.450-1100), {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ewe} : Ewe, {ewo} : -Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} : -Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm} -: Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} : -Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ful} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic, -{gl} : Gallegan, {lug} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez, -{ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500), -{goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} : -Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} : -Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} : -Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian, +{ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {ady} : +Adyghe, {aa} : Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : +Afro-Asiatic (Other)], {ak} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, +{ale} : Aleut, [{alg} : Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], +{am} : Amharic, {i-ami} : Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, +{arc} : Aramaic, {arp} : Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} +: Armenian, {an} : Aragonese, [{art} : Artificial (Other)], {ast} : +Asturian, {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages], [{aus} : +Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {av} : Avaric, {ae} +: Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani, {ban} : +Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bm} : Bambara, [{bai} +: Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu (Other)], {bas} : +Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak (Indonesia), {bej} : +Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} : Bengali, [{ber} : Berber +(Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} : Bikol, {bin} : Bini, +{bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} : Breton, {bug} : +Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} : Buriat, {my} : +Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan, [{cau} : Caucasian +(Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)], [{cai} : Central +American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} : Chamic languages], +{ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy} : Cheyenne, {chb} +: Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} : Chinook Jargon, {chp} : +Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic, {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : +Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} : Corsican, {cr} : Cree, +{mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} +: French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpp} : Portuguese-based +Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : +Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} : Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : +Danish, {dar} : Dargwa, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default (Fallthru) +Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {dv} : Divehi, {doi} : Dogri, +{dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} : Dutch, +{dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha, {efi} +: Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite, {en} : +English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English +(ca.450-1100), {i-enochian} : Enochian (Artificial), {myv} : Erzya, {eo} : +Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ee} : Ewe, {ewo} : Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} +: Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} : Finnish, [{fiu} : +Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm} : Middle French +(ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} : Frisian, {fur} : +Friulian, {ff} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic, {gl} : Gallegan, +{lg} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez, {ka} : Georgian, +{de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500), {goh} : Old High +German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} : Gilbertese, {gon} +: Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} : Grebo, {grc} : Ancient +Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} : Gujarati, {gwi} : +Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ht} : Haitian, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian, {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} : Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian, -{hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {ibo} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo, -{ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)], -{id} : Indonesian, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language -Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira} -: Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} : -Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} : -Japanese, {jw} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian, -{kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} : -Kannada, {kau} : Kanuri, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} : -Kashmiri, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi} -: Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu, -{rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi, -{kon} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} : -Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru} -: Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba, -{lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} : -Lezghian, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {loz} : -Lozi, {lub} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} : -Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian, -{mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} : -Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu, -{mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo -languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} : -Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men} -: Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} : -Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} : -Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul} -: Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {na} : -Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} : -Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} : +{hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {io} : Ido, {ig} : Igbo, +{ijo} : Ijo, {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European +(Other)], {id} : Indonesian, {inh} : Ingush, {ia} : Interlingua +(International Auxiliary Language Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : +Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira} : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : +Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} : Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian +languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} : Japanese, {jv} : Javanese, {jrb} : +Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian, {kbd} : Kabardian, {kab} : Kabyle, +{kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {xal} : Kalmyk, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} : +Kannada, {kr} : Kanuri, {krc} : Karachay-Balkar, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} +: Karen, {ks} : Kashmiri, {csb} : Kashubian, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, +{kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi} : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, +{ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu, {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, +{i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi, {kg} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : +Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} : Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, +{kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru} : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : +Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba, {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : +Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} : Lezghian, {li} : Limburgish, {ln} : +Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {art-lojban} : Lojban +(Artificial), {loz} : Lozi, {lu} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} +: Luiseno, {lun} : Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, +{mk} : Macedonian, {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, +{mak} : Makasar, {mg} : Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : +Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu, {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : +Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : +Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} : Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, +[{myn} : Mayan languages], {men} : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : +Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} : Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : +Mohawk, {mdf} : Moksha, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} : Mon-Khmer (Other)], +{lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul} : Multiple +languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {nap} : Neapolitan, +{na} : Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, +{ng} : Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} : Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean, -{non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {se} : Northern Sami, -{no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub} -: Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro, -{nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oji} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya, -{om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian +{nog} : Nogai, {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {no} : +Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub} : +Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro, {nzi} +: Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oj} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya, {om} : +Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} : Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} : Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian @@ -13147,34 +15807,37 @@ Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan, [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} : Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan -languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)], -{sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} : -Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup, -[{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan, -{sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika, -{sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} : -Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)], -{sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} : -Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern -Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es} -: Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} : -Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} : -Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} : -Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te} -: Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig} -: Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit, -{tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga -(Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} : -Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish -(1500-1928), {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi, -{uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} : -Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ven} : Venda, {vi} : -Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages], -{wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof, -{x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut, -{yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik -languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} : -Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni +languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, {se} : Northern Sami, {sma} : +Southern Sami, {smn} : Inari Sami, {smj} : Lule Sami, {sms} : Skolt Sami, +[{smi} : Sami languages (Other)], {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : +Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} : Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, +{sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup, [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, +{srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan, {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign +Languages, {bla} : Siksika, {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : +Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} : Siouan languages], {den} : Slave +(Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)], {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, +{sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} : Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : +Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : +South American Indian (Other)], {es} : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : +Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} : Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, +{sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} : Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : +Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} : Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, +{tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te} : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : +Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig} : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : +Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit, {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, +{tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, +{ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} : Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, [{tup} : +Tupi languages], {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928), {crh} +: Crimean Turkish, {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : +Twi, {udm} : Udmurt, {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, +{umb} : Umbundu, {und} : Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : +Vai, {ve} : Venda, {vi} : Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} +: Wakashan languages], {wa} : Walloon, {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} +: Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof, {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private +Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut, {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {ii} : +Sichuan Yi, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik languages], {znd} +: Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} : Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, +{zun} : Zuni =item SEE ALSO @@ -13214,6 +15877,8 @@ Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni =item DESCRIPTION +=item DEPRECATED + =back =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles @@ -13225,7 +15890,7 @@ Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni =item DESCRIPTION new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (), -rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ] +rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ] =item SEE ALSO @@ -13249,7 +15914,8 @@ new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile =item METHODS -open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ) +open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS ), binmode( +[LAYER] ) =item SEE ALSO @@ -13365,7 +16031,7 @@ new ( [ HANDLES ] ) add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), -count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] ) +count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] ) =item EXAMPLE @@ -13463,7 +16129,7 @@ handles =item DESCRIPTION new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (), -rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ] +rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ] =item SEE ALSO @@ -13487,7 +16153,8 @@ new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile =item METHODS -open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ) +open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS ), binmode( +[LAYER] ) =item SEE ALSO @@ -13606,7 +16273,7 @@ new ( [ HANDLES ] ) add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), -count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] ) +count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] ) =item EXAMPLE @@ -13881,8 +16548,9 @@ general-utility scalar subroutines =item DESCRIPTION -blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype -EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF +blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR, +looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR, +set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF =item KNOWN BUGS @@ -13931,7 +16599,15 @@ country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET ) C, C -=item CODE ALIASING +=item SEMI-PRIVATE ROUTINES + +=over 4 + +=item alias_code + +=item rename_country + +=back =item EXAMPLES @@ -13941,10 +16617,10 @@ C, C =item SEE ALSO -Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 3166, -http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/, +Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, Locale::SubCountry, ISO +3166-1, http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html, http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html, -http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html +http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-d-1.html =item AUTHOR @@ -14018,7 +16694,7 @@ http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html =back -=head2 Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization +=head2 Locale::Maketext - framework for localization =over 4 @@ -14155,7 +16831,7 @@ http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/ =item DESCRIPTION -encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str) +encode_base64($str), encode_base64($str, $eol);, decode_base64($str) =item DIAGNOSTICS @@ -14165,6 +16841,8 @@ Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data =item COPYRIGHT +=item SEE ALSO + =back =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding @@ -14176,10 +16854,13 @@ of quoted-printable strings =item DESCRIPTION -encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str); +encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), encode_qp($str, $eol, $binmode), +decode_qp($str); =item COPYRIGHT +=item SEE ALSO + =back =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable @@ -14191,10 +16872,13 @@ strings =item DESCRIPTION -encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str); +encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), encode_qp($str, $eol, $binmode), +decode_qp($str); =item COPYRIGHT +=item SEE ALSO + =back =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package @@ -14228,12 +16912,22 @@ ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale =item Autocreating constants +=over 4 + +=item Math library + +=item Using Math::BigInt::Lite + +=back + =item BUGS -=item CAVEAT +=item CAVEATS stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow +=item SEE ALSO + =item LICENSE =item AUTHORS @@ -14248,14 +16942,18 @@ stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow =item DESCRIPTION -Canonical notation, Input, Output +Input, Output =item METHODS =over 4 +=item config + =item accuracy +=item precision + =item brsft =item new @@ -14268,21 +16966,14 @@ Canonical notation, Input, Output =item bone -=item is_one() / is_zero() / is_nan() / is_positive() / is_negative() / -is_inf() / is_odd() / is_even() / is_int() - - $x->is_zero(); # true if arg is +0 - $x->is_nan(); # true if arg is NaN - $x->is_one(); # true if arg is +1 - $x->is_one('-'); # true if arg is -1 - $x->is_odd(); # true if odd, false for even - $x->is_even(); # true if even, false for odd - $x->is_positive(); # true if >= 0 - $x->is_negative(); # true if < 0 - $x->is_inf(); # true if +inf - $x->is_inf('-'); # true if -inf (sign is default -'+') - $x->is_int(); # true if $x is an integer +=item is_one()/is_zero()/is_nan()/is_inf() + +=item is_pos()/is_neg() + + $x->is_pos(); # true if > 0 + $x->is_neg(); # true if < 0 + +=item is_odd()/is_even()/is_int() =item bcmp @@ -14290,7 +16981,7 @@ is_inf() / is_odd() / is_even() / is_int() =item sign -=item bcmp +=item digit =item bneg @@ -14314,6 +17005,10 @@ is_inf() / is_odd() / is_even() / is_int() =item bmod +=item bmodinv + +=item bmodpow + =item bpow =item blsft @@ -14354,7 +17049,7 @@ is_inf() / is_odd() / is_even() / is_int() =item copy -=item as_number +=item as_int =item bsstr @@ -14383,6 +17078,10 @@ Remarks =back +=item Infinity and Not a Number + +oct()/hex(), log(-inf), exp(), cos(), sin(), atan2() + =item INTERNALS =over 4 @@ -14393,76 +17092,195 @@ Remarks =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts() -=back +=back + +=item EXAMPLES + + use Math::BigInt; + +=item Autocreating constants + +=item PERFORMANCE + +=over 4 + +=item Alternative math libraries + +=item SUBCLASSING + +=back + +=item Subclassing Math::BigInt + +=item UPGRADING + +=over 4 + +=item Auto-upgrade + +bsqrt(), div(), blog() + +=back + +=item BUGS + +broot() does not work, Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior +5.6.0 + +=item CAVEATS + +bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity handling, +Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object types, +bsqrt(), brsft() + +=item LICENSE + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHORS + +=back + +=head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item STORAGE + +=item METHODS + +=item WRAP YOUR OWN + +=item LICENSE + +This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it +under +the same terms as Perl itself. + +=item AUTHORS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 Math::BigInt::CalcEmu - Emulate low-level math with BigInt code + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item METHODS + +=over 4 + +=item __emu_bxor + +=item __emu_band + +=item __emu_bior + +=back + +=item LICENSE + +This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it +under +the same terms as Perl itself. + +=item AUTHORS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 Math::BigRat - Arbitrary big rational numbers + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item MATH LIBRARY + +=back + +=item METHODS + +=over 4 -=item EXAMPLES +=item new() - use Math::BigInt; +=item numerator() -=item Autocreating constants +=item denominator() -=item PERFORMANCE + $d = $x->denominator(); -=over 4 +=item parts() -=item Alternative math libraries +=item as_int() -=item SUBCLASSING +=item as_hex() -=back +=item as_bin() -=item Subclassing Math::BigInt +=item bfac() -=item UPGRADING +=item blog() -=over 4 +=item bround()/round()/bfround() -=item Auto-upgrade +=item bmod() -bsqrt(), div(), blog() +=item is_one() -=back +=item is_zero() -=item BUGS +=item is_pos() -Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior 5.6.0 +=item is_neg() -=item CAVEATS +=item is_int() -stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity -handling, Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object -types, bsqrt(), brsft() +=item is_odd() -=item LICENSE +=item is_even() -=item SEE ALSO +=item bceil() -=item AUTHORS +=item bfloor() -=back + $x->bfloor(); -=head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt +=item bsqrt() -=over 4 + $x->bsqrt(); -=item SYNOPSIS +=item config -=item DESCRIPTION +=back -=item EXPORT +=item BUGS -=item WRAP YOUR OWN +inf handling (partial), NaN handling (partial), rounding (not implemented +except for bceil/bfloor), $x ** $y where $y is not an integer, bmod(), +blog(), bmodinv() and bmodpow() (partial) =item LICENSE -This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it -under -the same terms as Perl itself. +=item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS -=item SEE ALSO - =back =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical @@ -14549,7 +17367,7 @@ cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical =back -=head2 Memoize - Make your functions faster by trading space for time +=head2 Memoize - Make functions faster by trading space for time =over 4 @@ -14697,7 +17515,8 @@ C, C, C =back -=head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch +=head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT (et al) that allows method +redispatch =over 4 @@ -14711,6 +17530,10 @@ C, C, C =item Avoiding repetitions +=item Invoking all versions of a method with a single call + +=item Using C methods + =back =item AUTHOR @@ -14738,7 +17561,7 @@ dataend () debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ... ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (), -ungetline ( TEXT ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh () +ungetline ( TEXT ), rawdatasend ( DATA ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh () =item EXPORTS @@ -14797,23 +17620,23 @@ hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain () =item CONSTRUCTOR -new (HOST [,OPTIONS]) +new ([ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ]) =item METHODS login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]), -site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS]) -ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME -), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR ), -mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get ( -REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] -), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [, -REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported ( -CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR -] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe ( -FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, -DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), -pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit () +site (ARGS), ascii, binary, rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME +), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR [, +RECURSE ]), mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), alloc ( SIZE [, RECORD_SIZE] ), ls ( +[ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get ( REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), +put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE +] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), +size ( FILE ), supported ( CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ +BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), +stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe ( FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (), +pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique ( +SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ), +abort (), quit () =over 4 @@ -14830,7 +17653,7 @@ bytes_read (), abort (), close () =item UNIMPLEMENTED -B, B, B, B, B, B, B, B +B, B, B, B, B, B, B =item REPORTING BUGS @@ -14840,7 +17663,7 @@ B, B, B, B, B, B, B, B =item USE EXAMPLES -http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/autoftp-2.0.tar.gz +http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/ =item CREDITS @@ -14904,18 +17727,17 @@ MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C =item DESCRIPTION -=item EXAMPLES - =item CONSTRUCTOR -new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] ) +new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ] 0 =item METHODS -user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [, -PASS ]] ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM -[, FH ] ), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [ -MSGNUM ] ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit () +auth ( USERNAME, PASSWORD ), user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER +[, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), banner (), capa (), capabilities +(), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM [, FH ] +), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [ MSGNUM ] +), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit () =item NOTES @@ -14939,16 +17761,21 @@ MSGNUM ] ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit () =item Functions -Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, -$p->bind($local_addr);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);, $p->open($host);, -$p->open($host);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]); +Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes [, $device [, $tos +]]]]]);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);, $p->source_verify( { 0 | 1 } );, +$p->service_check( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->tcp_service_check( { 0 | 1 } );, +$p->hires( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->open($host);, $p->ack( +[ $host ] );, $p->nack( $failed_ack_host );, $p->close();, pingecho($host +[, $timeout]); =back -=item WARNING - =item NOTES +=item INSTALL + +=item BUGS + =item AUTHORS =item COPYRIGHT @@ -14967,17 +17794,19 @@ $p->open($host);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]); =item CONSTRUCTOR -new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] +new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ] ) =item METHODS -banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth ( USERNAME, -PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail ( -ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [, -ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc ( -ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [ -DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ), -quit () +banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), host (), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth ( +USERNAME, PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), +send_or_mail ( ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( +ADDRESS [, ADDRESS, [...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] +), cc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), +data ( [ DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ +$subject ] ), quit () + +=item ADDRESSES =item SEE ALSO @@ -15212,6 +18041,8 @@ login (), password (), account (), lpa () =item IMPLEMENTATION +=item BUGS + =item AUTHOR =back @@ -15351,17 +18182,17 @@ cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv, execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror, fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf, fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos, -fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid, -getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid, -getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty, -iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper, -isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10, -longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, -memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open, -opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts, -qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind, -rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid, -setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp, +fstat, fsync, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, +geteuid, getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, +getppid, getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, +isatty, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, +isupper, isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, +log, log10, longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, +memcmp, memcpy, memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, +offsetof, open, opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, +putchar, puts, qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, +rewind, rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, +setsid, setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp, sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat, strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen, strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod, @@ -15377,7 +18208,7 @@ wctomb, write =item POSIX::SigAction -new +new, handler, mask, flags, safe =item POSIX::SigSet @@ -15469,12 +18300,20 @@ name space =item DESCRIPTION -unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, raw +:unix, :stdio, :perlio, :crlf, :mmap, :utf8, :bytes, :raw, :pop, :win32 =over 4 +=item Custom Layers + +:encoding, :via + +=item Alternatives to raw + =item Defaults and how to override them +=item Querying the layers of filehandles + =back =item AUTHOR @@ -15483,7 +18322,19 @@ unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, raw =back -=head2 PerlIO::Scalar - support module for in-memory IO. +=head2 PerlIO::encoding - encoding layer + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 PerlIO::scalar - in-memory IO, scalar IO =over 4 @@ -15491,9 +18342,11 @@ unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, raw =item DESCRIPTION +=item IMPLEMENTATION NOTE + =back -=head2 PerlIO::Via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl +=head2 PerlIO::via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl =over 4 @@ -15501,14 +18354,19 @@ unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, raw =item DESCRIPTION +=item EXPECTED METHODS + $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]), -$class->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $class->FDOPEN($fd), -$class->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,$fh), $obj->FILENO($fh), +$obj->UTF8($bellowFlag,[$fh]), $obj->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), +$obj->BINMODE([,$fh]), $obj->FDOPEN($fd[,$fh]), +$obj->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,[,$fh]), $obj->FILENO($fh), $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh), $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh), $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh), $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh) +=item EXAMPLES + =over 4 =item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle @@ -15517,6 +18375,24 @@ $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh) =back +=head2 PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint - PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item REQUIRED MODULES + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors =over 4 @@ -15553,12 +18429,13 @@ after =back =item Warnings -multiple occurence of link target I, line containing nothing but +multiple occurrence of link target I, line containing nothing but whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I vs. I), I unescaped CE> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph, -Verbatim paragraph in NAME section +Verbatim paragraph in NAME section, =headI without preceding higher +level =item Hyperlinks @@ -15582,6 +18459,8 @@ C<$checker-Epoderror( @args )>, C<$checker-Epoderror( {%opts}, C<$checker-Enum_errors()> +C<$checker-Enum_warnings()> + C<$checker-Ename()> C<$checker-Enode()> @@ -15654,9 +18533,9 @@ C<-inc =E 1>, C<-dirs =E [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E =item ARGUMENTS -backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index, -infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse, -title, verbose +backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, hiddendirs, htmldir, +htmlroot, index, infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, +quiet, recurse, title, verbose =item EXAMPLE @@ -16052,7 +18931,7 @@ escape EE%sE, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched =back -=head2 Pod::ParseLink -- Parse an LEE formatting code in POD text +=head2 Pod::ParseLink - Parse an LEE formatting code in POD text =over 4 @@ -16060,6 +18939,8 @@ escape EE%sE, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched =item DESCRIPTION +=item SEE ALSO + =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE @@ -16409,6 +19290,163 @@ I|I =back +=head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker - let Perldoc check Pod for errors + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToMan - let Perldoc render Pod as man pages + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item CAVEAT + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff - let Perldoc convert Pod to nroff + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item CAVEAT + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToPod - let Perldoc render Pod as ... Pod! + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf - let Perldoc render Pod as RTF + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToText - let Perldoc render Pod as plaintext + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item CAVEAT + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToTk - let Perldoc use Tk::Pod to render Pod + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToXml - let Perldoc render Pod as XML + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Pod::PlainText - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +alt, indent, loose, sentence, width + +=item DIAGNOSTICS + +Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Unknown escape: %s, +Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back + +=item RESTRICTIONS + +=item NOTES + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod. =over 4 @@ -16544,7 +19582,7 @@ B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges> =item DESCRIPTION -alt, code, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width +alt, code, indent, loose, margin, quotes, sentence, width =item DIAGNOSTICS @@ -16602,8 +19640,8 @@ text =back -=head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII -text with format escapes +=head2 Pod::Text::Termcap - Convert POD data to ASCII text with format +escapes =over 4 @@ -16617,77 +19655,37 @@ text with format escapes =item AUTHOR -=item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE - -=back - -=head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod -documentation - -=over 4 - -=item SYNOPSIS - -=item ARGUMENTS - -C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>, -C<-pathlist> - -=item DESCRIPTION - -=item EXAMPLES - -=over 4 - -=item Recommended Use - -=back - -=item CAVEATS - -=item AUTHOR - -=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS +=item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back -=head2 Pod::t::basic, basic.pod - Test of various basic POD features in -translators. +=head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod +documentation =over 4 -=item HEADINGS - -=item This C a "level 1" heading +=item SYNOPSIS -=over 4 +=item ARGUMENTS -=item ``Level'' "2 I +C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>, +C<-pathlist> -=back +=item DESCRIPTION -=item This C a "level 1" heading +=item EXAMPLES =over 4 -=item ``Level'' 2 I +=item Recommended Use =back -=item LINKS - -=item OVER AND ITEMS - -This is a test, a, b, a, b, c, d, "foo", B, C, Some longer item -text - -=item FORMATTING CODES - -E, E, E, E, E, E +=item CAVEATS -=item VERBATIM +=item AUTHOR -=item CONCLUSION +=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS =back @@ -16754,8 +19752,9 @@ Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes =item DESCRIPTION -blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype -EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF +blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR, +looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR, +set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF =item KNOWN BUGS @@ -16823,10 +19822,16 @@ EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF =over 4 -=item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX +=item Caveats + +=item Escaping Magic Characters + +=item Configuration =back +=item BUGS + =item AUTHOR =back @@ -16848,7 +19853,7 @@ SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN =back -=head2 Storable - persistency for perl data structures +=head2 Storable - persistence for Perl data structures =over 4 @@ -16864,6 +19869,12 @@ SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION +=item CODE REFERENCES + +=item FORWARD COMPATIBILITY + +utf8 data, restricted hashes, files from future versions of Storable + =item ERROR REPORTING =item WIZARDS ONLY @@ -16894,9 +19905,13 @@ C =item BUGS -=item CREDITS +=over 4 -=item TRANSLATIONS +=item 64 bit data in perl 5.6.0 and 5.6.1 + +=back + +=item CREDITS =item AUTHOR @@ -16934,7 +19949,7 @@ C =item BUGS -=item LIMITATION +=item LIMITATIONS =item COPYRIGHT @@ -16948,6 +19963,8 @@ C =item DESCRIPTION +=item BUGS + =back =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname @@ -16972,8 +19989,8 @@ interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls =item DESCRIPTION openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args, -setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02), -closelog +setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added +in 5.004_02), closelog =item EXAMPLES @@ -16993,8 +20010,8 @@ Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls =item DESCRIPTION openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args, -setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02), -closelog +setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added +in 5.004_02), closelog =item EXAMPLES @@ -17030,7 +20047,7 @@ ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED =item AUTHORS -=item LICENSE +=item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back @@ -17090,8 +20107,8 @@ EtabE, ^D, ^U, EdelE, EbsE =back -=head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C packages. If -no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions. +=head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C packages. +If no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions. =over 4 @@ -17101,8 +20118,8 @@ no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions. =item Minimal set of supported functions -C, C, C, C, C, $C, -C, C, Attribs, C +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, Attribs, C =item Additional supported functions @@ -17124,11 +20141,14 @@ C, C, C =item DESCRIPTION +=item QUICK START GUIDE + =over 4 =item Functions -B +C, C I>, C [I<1,5,14>]>, +C sub { ... }>, C \&some_sub> =back @@ -17136,7 +20156,9 @@ B B<_to_value> -B +C + +C, I)> =over 4 @@ -17148,7 +20170,9 @@ NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS =item BUGS and CAVEATS -=item TODO +=item ENVIRONMENT + +=item NOTE =item SEE ALSO @@ -17174,6 +20198,8 @@ B =back +B + =over 4 =item Setting up tests @@ -17188,6 +20214,8 @@ B B +B + B =over 4 @@ -17204,6 +20232,8 @@ B, B B, B +B + B B @@ -17236,6 +20266,8 @@ B B<_print> +B<_print_diag> + B, B, B =over 4 @@ -17248,7 +20280,9 @@ B B -B
I, B +B
+ +B B @@ -17260,6 +20294,10 @@ B<_my_exit> =over 4 +=item EXIT CODES + +=item THREADS + =item EXAMPLES =item SEE ALSO @@ -17270,7 +20308,13 @@ B<_my_exit> =back -=head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics +=head2 Test::Harness - Run Perl standard test scripts with statistics + +=over 4 + +=item VERSION + +=back =over 4 @@ -17290,7 +20334,7 @@ else> =item Configuration variables. -B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches> +B<$Test::Harness::Verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches> =item Failure @@ -17324,13 +20368,14 @@ B<_leader_width> C, C, C, C, C, C +%s>, C =item ENVIRONMENT -C, C, C, -C, C, C, -C +C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C =item EXAMPLE @@ -17338,10 +20383,16 @@ C =item AUTHORS +=item LICENSE + =item TODO =item BUGS +=item AUTHORS + +=item COPYRIGHT + =back =head2 Test::Harness::Assert - simple assert @@ -17352,11 +20403,11 @@ C =item DESCRIPTION -=over 4 +=item FUNCTIONS -=item Functions +=over 4 -B +=item C =back @@ -17378,6 +20429,14 @@ B =item DESCRIPTION +=over 4 + +=item new() + +=item next() + +=back + =back =head2 Test::Harness::Straps - detailed analysis of test results @@ -17388,59 +20447,133 @@ B =item DESCRIPTION -=over 4 - =item Construction -B +=over 4 + +=item C =back =back -B<_init> +=over 4 + +=item C<_init> + +=back =over 4 =item Analysis -B +=over 4 + +=item C + +=back + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item C + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item C + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item C<_command_line( $file )> + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item C<_command> =back -B +=over 4 + +=item C<_switches> + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item C<_cleaned_switches> + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item C<_INC2PERL5LIB> + +=back + +=over 4 -B +=item C<_filtered_INC> -B<_switches> +=back -B<_INC2PERL5LIB> +=over 4 -B<_filtered_INC> +=item C<_restore_PERL5LIB> -B<_restore_PERL5LIB> +=back =over 4 =item Parsing -B<_is_comment> +=over 4 + +=item C<_is_comment> + +=back + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item C<_is_header> + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item C<_is_test> =back -B<_is_header> +=over 4 + +=item C<_is_bail_out> + +=back -B<_is_test> +=over 4 -B<_is_bail_out> +=item C<_reset_file_state> -B<_reset_file_state> +=back =over 4 =item Results -B<_detailize> +=over 4 + +=item C<_detailize> + +=back =back @@ -17522,6 +20655,8 @@ B B, B +When do I use SKIP vs. TODO? + =over 4 =item Comparison functions @@ -17546,12 +20681,11 @@ B =over 4 -=item NOTES +=item EXIT CODES -=item BUGS and CAVEATS +=item CAVEATS and NOTES -Making your own ok(), The eq_* family has some caveats, Test::Harness -upgrades +Backwards compatibility, Overloaded objects, Threads, Test::Harness upgrade =item HISTORY @@ -17559,6 +20693,8 @@ upgrades =item AUTHORS +=item BUGS + =item COPYRIGHT =back @@ -17668,6 +20804,10 @@ L =item C +=item C + +[0], [1], [2] + =item C C $listref>, C $listref>, C $str>, @@ -17778,7 +20918,7 @@ unexpand(1) =back -=head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl +=head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only) =over 4 @@ -17835,9 +20975,12 @@ new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER =back =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably +(for old code) =over 4 +=item CAVEAT + =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION @@ -17887,9 +21030,13 @@ SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST =item C +=item C + =item C -=item C +=item C + +=item C =item Option Format @@ -17901,24 +21048,32 @@ SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST =item C -=item Tying to an already-opened filehandle +=item C -=back +=item C, C, C, and C -=item CAVEATS +=item C -=over 4 +=back -=item Efficiency Note +=item Tying to an already-opened filehandle + +=item Deferred Writing -=item Efficiency Note 2 +=over 4 -=item Efficiency Note 3 +=item Autodeferring =back +=item CONCURRENT ACCESS TO FILES + =item CAVEATS +=item SUBCLASSING + +=item WHAT ABOUT C? + =item AUTHOR =item LICENSE @@ -17961,13 +21116,14 @@ tied hashes =item DESCRIPTION TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY -this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this +this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR +this, SCALAR this =item Inheriting from B =item Inheriting from B -=item C and C +=item C, C and C =item MORE INFORMATION @@ -18047,20 +21203,29 @@ timers gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [, $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ), -alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer, -getitimer ( $which ) +alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer ( +$which, $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), getitimer ( +$which ) =item EXAMPLES =item C API +=item DIAGNOSTICS + +=over 4 + +=item negative time not invented yet + +=item internal error: useconds < 0 (unsigned ... signed ...) + +=back + =item CAVEATS =item AUTHORS -=item REVISION - -=item COPYRIGHT +=item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back @@ -18072,10 +21237,24 @@ getitimer ( $which ) =item DESCRIPTION +=over 4 + +=item Ambiguous Local Times (DST) + +=item Non-Existent Local Times (DST) + +=item Negative Epoch Values + +=back + =item IMPLEMENTATION =item BUGS +=item SUPPORT + +=item AUTHOR + =back =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime() @@ -18128,12 +21307,15 @@ function =item DESCRIPTION -$obj->isa( TYPE ), CLASS->isa( TYPE ), isa( VAL, TYPE ), $obj->can( METHOD -), CLASS->can( METHOD ), can( VAL, METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ) +C<< $obj->isa( TYPE ) >>, C<< CLASS->isa( TYPE ) >>, C, +C, C<$obj>, C, C, C<< $obj->can( METHOD ) >>, C<< +CLASS->can( METHOD ) >>, C, C + +=item EXPORTS =back -=head2 Unicode::Collate - use UCA (Unicode Collation Algorithm) +=head2 Unicode::Collate - Unicode Collation Algorithm =over 4 @@ -18145,38 +21327,55 @@ $obj->isa( TYPE ), CLASS->isa( TYPE ), isa( VAL, TYPE ), $obj->can( METHOD =item Constructor and Tailoring -alternate, backwards, entry, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level, normalization, -overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table, undefName, -undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower +UCA_Version, backwards, entry, hangul_terminator, ignoreName, ignoreChar, +level, normalization, overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, +table, undefName, undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower, +variable, alternate -=item Other methods +=item Methods for Collation C<@sorted = $Collator-Esort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result = $Collator-Ecmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-Eeq($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-Ene($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-Elt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-Ele($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-Egt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-Ege($a, $b)>, -C<$sortKey = $Collator-EgetSortKey($string)>, C<$position = -$Collator-Eindex($string, $substring)>, C<($position, $length) = -$Collator-Eindex($string, $substring)> +C<$sortKey = $Collator-EgetSortKey($string)>, C<$sortKeyForm = +$Collator-EviewSortKey($string)> -=item EXPORT +=item Methods for Searching -=item TODO +C<$position = $Collator-Eindex($string, $substring[, $position])>, +C<($position, $length) = $Collator-Eindex($string, $substring[, +$position])>, C<$match_ref = $Collator-Ematch($string, $substring)>, +C<($match) = $Collator-Ematch($string, $substring)>, C<@match = +$Collator-Egmatch($string, $substring)>, C<$count = +$Collator-Esubst($string, $substring, $replacement)>, C<$count = +$Collator-Egsubst($string, $substring, $replacement)> + +=item Other Methods + +C<%old_tailoring = $Collator-Echange(%new_tailoring)>, C<$version = +$Collator-Eversion()>, C, C + +=item EXPORT =item CAVEAT +=item Conformance Test + =back =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO -Unicode Collation Algorithm - Unicode TR #10, L +Unicode Collation Algorithm - UTS #10, The Default Unicode Collation +Element Table (DUCET), The conformance test for the UCA, Hangul Syllable +Type, Unicode Normalization Forms - UAX #15, L =back -=head2 Unicode::Normalize - normalized forms of Unicode text +=head2 Unicode::Normalize - Unicode Normalization Forms =over 4 @@ -18188,28 +21387,45 @@ Unicode Collation Algorithm - Unicode TR #10, L =item Normalization Forms -C<$string_NFD = NFD($raw_string)>, C<$string_NFC = NFC($raw_string)>, -C<$string_NFKD = NFKD($raw_string)>, C<$string_NFKC = NFKC($raw_string)>, -C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $raw_string)> +C<$NFD_string = NFD($string)>, C<$NFC_string = NFC($string)>, +C<$NFKD_string = NFKD($string)>, C<$NFKC_string = NFKC($string)>, +C<$FCD_string = FCD($string)>, C<$FCC_string = FCC($string)>, +C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $string)> + +=item Decomposition and Composition + +C<$decomposed_string = decompose($string)>, C<$decomposed_string = +decompose($string, $useCompatMapping)>, C<$reordered_string = +reorder($string)>, C<$composed_string = compose($string)> + +=item Quick Check + +C<$result = checkNFD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFC($string)>, C<$result = +checkNFKD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFKC($string)>, C<$result = +checkFCD($string)>, C<$result = checkFCC($string)>, C<$result = +check($form_name, $string)> =item Character Data C<$canonical_decomposed = getCanon($codepoint)>, -C<$compatibility_decomposed = getCompat($codepoint)>, C<$uv_composite = -getComposite($uv_here, $uv_next)>, C<$combining_class = -getCombinClass($codepoint)>, C<$is_exclusion = isExclusion($codepoint)> +C<$compatibility_decomposed = getCompat($codepoint)>, +C<$codepoint_composite = getComposite($codepoint_here, $codepoint_next)>, +C<$combining_class = getCombinClass($codepoint)>, C<$is_exclusion = +isExclusion($codepoint)>, C<$is_singleton = isSingleton($codepoint)>, +C<$is_non_starter_decomposition = isNonStDecomp($codepoint)>, +C<$may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($codepoint)> =item EXPORT -=item TODO - =back =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO -http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/ +http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/, +http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt, +http://www.unicode.org/notes/tn5/ =back @@ -18343,39 +21559,7 @@ March 18th, 2000 =back -=head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions - -=over 4 - -=item DESCRIPTION - -=over 4 - -=item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions - -Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(), -Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(), -Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE), -Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(), -Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME), -Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME), -Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(), -Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE, -PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown, -Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME), -Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID, -SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE), -Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(), -Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetChildShowWindow(SHOWWINDOW), -Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY), Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), -Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS, PID), -Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME) - -=back - -=back - -=head2 XS::Typemap - module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl +=head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code =over 4 @@ -18383,23 +21567,23 @@ Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME) =item DESCRIPTION -=back - =over 4 -=item NOTES +=item Migration from C -=item AUTHOR +=item Backward compatible boilerplate =back -=head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code +=item Order of initialization: early load() =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item The most hairy case -=item DESCRIPTION +=back + +=item LIMITATIONS =item AUTHOR @@ -18414,21 +21598,29 @@ don't all have manual pages yet: =item a2p -=item s2p +=item c2ph -=item find2perl +=item dprofpp =item h2ph -=item c2ph - =item h2xs -=item xsubpp +=item perlbug + +=item perldoc + +=item pl2pm + +=item pod2html =item pod2man -=item wrapsuid +=item s2p + +=item splain + +=item xsubpp =back