X-Git-Url: http://git.shadowcat.co.uk/gitweb/gitweb.cgi?a=blobdiff_plain;f=pod%2Fperltoc.pod;h=0610509af914dc69813a33e9214be661b8b1a0a2;hb=363c40c40eaf5d0cfd92f460a3f838c41f9756ad;hp=81e202cd630a12b2547cbca01c57e8fd6dbfa943;hpb=95f0a2f1ffc68ef908768ec5d39e4102afd28c1e;p=p5sagit%2Fp5-mst-13.2.git diff --git a/pod/perltoc.pod b/pod/perltoc.pod index 81e202c..0610509 100644 --- a/pod/perltoc.pod +++ b/pod/perltoc.pod @@ -1,4 +1,8 @@ +# !!!!!!! DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE !!!!!!! +# This file is autogenerated by buildtoc from all the other pods. +# Edit those files and run buildtoc --build-toc to effect changes. + =head1 NAME perltoc - perl documentation table of contents @@ -29,6 +33,8 @@ through to locate the proper section you're looking for. =item Miscellaneous +=item Language-Specific + =item Platform-Specific =back @@ -101,274 +107,270 @@ Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features =back -=head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2001/11/19 -17:09:37 $) +=head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over 4 +=item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures? -=item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ. +=item The Solution -=item L: General Questions About Perl +=item Syntax -=item L: Obtaining and Learning about Perl +=over 4 -=item L: Programming Tools +=item Making References -=item L: Data Manipulation +=item Using References -=item L: Files and Formats +=item An Example -=item L: Regexps +=item Arrow Rule -=item L: General Perl Language Issues +=back -=item L: System Interaction +=item Solution -=item L: Networking +=item The Rest -=back +=item Summary -=item About the perlfaq documents +=item Credits =over 4 -=item Where to get the perlfaq - -=item How to contribute to the perlfaq - -=item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the -authors +=item Distribution Conditions =back -=item Credits +=back -=item Author and Copyright Information +=head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook =over 4 -=item Bundled Distributions +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Disclaimer +arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes, +more elaborate constructs -=back +=item REFERENCES -=item Changes +=item COMMON MISTAKES -1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98, -24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version, -Initial Release: 11/March/97 +=item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE -=back +=item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C -=head2 perlbook - Perl book information +=item DEBUGGING -=over 4 +=item CODE EXAMPLES -=item DESCRIPTION +=item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS -=back +=over 4 -=head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax +=item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS -=over 4 +=item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS -=over 4 +=back -=item Declarations +=item HASHES OF ARRAYS -=item Simple statements +=over 4 -=item Compound statements +=item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS -=item Loop Control +=item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS -=item For Loops +=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS -=item Foreach Loops +=back -=item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements +=item ARRAYS OF HASHES -=item Goto +=over 4 -=item PODs: Embedded Documentation +=item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES -=item Plain Old Comments (Not!) +=item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES -=back +=item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES =back -=head2 perldata - Perl data types +=item HASHES OF HASHES =over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES -=over 4 +=item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES -=item Variable names +=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES -=item Context +=back -=item Scalar values +=item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS -=item Scalar value constructors +=over 4 -=item List value constructors +=item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS -=item Slices +=item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS -=item Typeglobs and Filehandles +=item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS =back +=item Database Ties + =item SEE ALSO +=item AUTHOR + =back -=head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence +=head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 -=item Terms and List Operators (Leftward) +=item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays -=item The Arrow Operator +=item Growing Your Own -=item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement +=item Access and Printing -=item Exponentiation +=item Slices -=item Symbolic Unary Operators +=back -=item Binding Operators +=item SEE ALSO -=item Multiplicative Operators +=item AUTHOR -=item Additive Operators +=back -=item Shift Operators +=head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start -=item Named Unary Operators +=over 4 -=item Relational Operators +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Equality Operators +=item The Guide -=item Bitwise And +=over 4 -=item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or +=item Simple word matching -=item C-style Logical And +=item Using character classes -=item C-style Logical Or +=item Matching this or that -=item Range Operators +=item Grouping things and hierarchical matching -=item Conditional Operator +=item Extracting matches -=item Assignment Operators +=item Matching repetitions -=item Comma Operator +=item More matching -=item List Operators (Rightward) +=item Search and replace -=item Logical Not +=item The split operator -=item Logical And +=back -=item Logical or and Exclusive Or +=item BUGS -=item C Operators Missing From Perl +=item SEE ALSO -unary &, unary *, (TYPE) +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=item Quote and Quote-like Operators +=over 4 -=item Regexp Quote-Like Operators +=item Acknowledgments -?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>, -qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/, -s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, -y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <, C, C, C, C, C<''>, C, C<"">, -C<``>, C, C, C<< >>, C, C, C, -C,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of -regular expressions +=head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial -=item I/O Operators +=over 4 -=item Constant Folding +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Bitwise String Operators +=item Part 1: The basics -=item Integer Arithmetic +=over 4 -=item Floating-point Arithmetic +=item Simple word matching -=item Bigger Numbers +=item Using character classes -=back +=item Matching this or that + +=item Grouping things and hierarchical matching + +=item Extracting matches + +=item Matching repetitions + +=item Building a regexp + +=item Using regular expressions in Perl =back -=head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines +=item Part 2: Power tools =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item More on characters, strings, and character classes -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Compiling and saving regular expressions -=over 4 +=item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression -=item Private Variables via my() +=item Non-capturing groupings -=item Persistent Private Variables +=item Looking ahead and looking behind -=item Temporary Values via local() +=item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking -=item Lvalue subroutines +=item Conditional expressions -=item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs) +=item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression -=item When to Still Use local() +=item Pragmas and debugging -=item Pass by Reference +=back -=item Prototypes +=item BUGS -=item Constant Functions +=item SEE ALSO -=item Overriding Built-in Functions +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=item Autoloading +=over 4 -=item Subroutine Attributes +=item Acknowledgments =back -=item SEE ALSO - =back -=head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions +=head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial =over 4 @@ -376,353 +378,243 @@ regular expressions =over 4 -=item Perl Functions by Category +=item If we could talk to the animals... -Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching, -Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data, -Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed -length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories, -Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related -to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process -groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and -object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess -communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network -info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted -in perl5 +=item Introducing the method invocation arrow -=item Portability - -=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions +=item Invoking a barnyard -I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept -NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, -binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, -bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, -chomp( LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr -NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir -DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt -PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, -defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, -dump LABEL, dump, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval -BLOCK, exec LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, -fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock -FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, -getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority -WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname -NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname -NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, -getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, -gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, -sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent -STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, -endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, -glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep -EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index -STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join -EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, -lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen -SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, lock THING, log EXPR, log, -lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, -mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv -ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRIBUTES, -next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open -FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open -FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord -EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR : ATTRIBUTES, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package -NAMESPACE, package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos -SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE -FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, -q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, -quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read -FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, -readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, -ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, -require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir -DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, -rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir -DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, -semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send -SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority -WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY, -shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, -shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep -EXPR, sleep, sockatmark SOCKET, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, -socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort -BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice -ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split -/PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf -FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat -EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, -substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr -EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen -FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread -FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek -FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite -FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, -syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie -VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate -FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, -ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack -TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST, -use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST, -values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn -LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y/// +=item The extra parameter of method invocation -=back +=item Calling a second method to simplify things -=back +=item Inheriting the windpipes -=head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references +=item A few notes about @ISA -=over 4 +=item Overriding the methods -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Starting the search from a different place -=item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures? +=item The SUPER way of doing things -=item The Solution +=item Where we're at so far... -=item Syntax +=item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it? -=over 4 +=item Invoking an instance method -=item Making References +=item Accessing the instance data -=item Using References +=item How to build a horse -=back +=item Inheriting the constructor -=item An Example +=item Making a method work with either classes or instances -=item Arrow Rule +=item Adding parameters to a method -=item Solution +=item More interesting instances -=item The Rest +=item A horse of a different color =item Summary -=item Credits - -=over 4 +=back -=item Distribution Conditions +=item SEE ALSO -=back +=item COPYRIGHT =back -=head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook +=head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes, -more elaborate constructs +=item Creating a Class -=item REFERENCES +=over 4 -=item COMMON MISTAKES +=item Object Representation -=item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE +=item Class Interface -=item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C +=item Constructors and Instance Methods -=item DEBUGGING +=item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors -=item CODE EXAMPLES +=item Destructors -=item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS +=item Other Object Methods + +=back + +=item Class Data =over 4 -=item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS +=item Accessing Class Data -=item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS +=item Debugging Methods -=item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS +=item Class Destructors + +=item Documenting the Interface =back -=item HASHES OF ARRAYS +=item Aggregation + +=item Inheritance =over 4 -=item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS +=item Overridden Methods -=item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS +=item Multiple Inheritance -=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS +=item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects =back -=item ARRAYS OF HASHES +=item Alternate Object Representations =over 4 -=item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES - -=item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES +=item Arrays as Objects -=item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES +=item Closures as Objects =back -=item HASHES OF HASHES +=item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods =over 4 -=item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES - -=item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES +=item Autoloaded Data Methods -=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES +=item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods =back -=item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS +=item Metaclassical Tools =over 4 -=item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS - -=item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS +=item Class::Struct -=item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS +=item Data Members as Variables =back -=item Database Ties +=item NOTES -=item SEE ALSO +=over 4 -=item AUTHOR +=item Object Terminology =back -=head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start - -=over 4 +=item SEE ALSO -=item DESCRIPTION +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=item The Guide +=item COPYRIGHT =over 4 -=item Simple word matching - -=item Using character classes +=item Acknowledgments -=item Matching this or that +=back -=item Grouping things and hierarchical matching +=back -=item Extracting matches +=head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl -=item Matching repetitions +=over 4 -=item More matching +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Search and replace +=item Class Data in a Can -=item The split operator +=item Class Data as Package Variables -=back +=over 4 -=item BUGS +=item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket -=item SEE ALSO +=item Inheritance Concerns -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item The Eponymous Meta-Object -=over 4 +=item Indirect References to Class Data -=item Acknowledgments +=item Monadic Classes -=back +=item Translucent Attributes =back -=head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format - -=over 4 - -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Class Data as Lexical Variables =over 4 -=item Ordinary Paragraph - -=item Verbatim Paragraph +=item Privacy and Responsibility -=item Command Paragraph +=item File-Scoped Lexicals -C<=head1 I>, C<=head2 I>, C<=head3 I>, C<=head4 I>, C<=over I>, C<=item -I>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I>, C<=end -I>, C<=for I I> +=item More Inheritance Concerns -=item Formatting Codes +=item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key -CtextE> -- italic text, CtextE> -- bold text, -CcodeE> -- code text, CnameE> -- a hyperlink, -CescapeE> -- a character escape, CfilenameE> -- used -for filenames, CtextE> -- text contains non-breaking spaces, -Ctopic nameE> -- an index entry, CE> -- a null -(zero-effect) formatting code +=item Translucency Revisited -=item The Intent +=back -=item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules +=item NOTES -=item Hints for Writing Pod +=item SEE ALSO -=back +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=item SEE ALSO +=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -=item AUTHOR +=item HISTORY =back -=head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and -notes +=head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT) =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=item Pod Definitions +=item OO SCALING TIPS -=item Pod Commands +=item INSTANCE VARIABLES -"=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item", -"=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text..." +=item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES -=item Pod Formatting Codes +=item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE -CtextE> -- italic text, CtextE> -- bold text, -CcodeE> -- code text, CfilenameE> -- style for -filenames, Ctopic nameE> -- an index entry, CE> -- a -null (zero-effect) formatting code, CnameE> -- a hyperlink, -CescapeE> -- a character escape, CtextE> -- text -contains non-breaking spaces +=item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS -=item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors +=item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS -=item About LE...E Codes +=item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM -First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth: +=item THINKING OF CODE REUSE -=item About =over...=back Regions +=item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT -=item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions +=item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR -=item SEE ALSO +=item DELEGATION -=item AUTHOR +=item SEE ALSO =back @@ -734,7 +626,7 @@ First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth: =back -=head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary +=head2 perlcheat - Perl 5 Cheat Sheet =over 4 @@ -742,17 +634,37 @@ First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth: =over 4 -=item Awk Traps +=item The sheet -=item C Traps +=back -=item Sed Traps +=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -=item Shell Traps +=item AUTHOR -=item Perl Traps +=item SEE ALSO -=item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps +=back + +=head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Awk Traps + +=item C/C++ Traps + +=item Sed Traps + +=item Shell Traps + +=item Perl Traps + +=item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts, @@ -791,7 +703,7 @@ Precedence Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, -Regular Expression +Regular Expression, Regular Expression =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps @@ -819,52 +731,42 @@ LIMIT specified =back -=head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter +=head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION -=over 4 +=item use strict -=item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems +=item Looking at data and -w and v -OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS +=item help -=item Location of Perl +=item Stepping through code -=item Command Switches +=item Placeholder for a, w, t, T -B<-0>[I], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I, -B<-D>I, B<-D>I, B<-e> I, B<-F>I, -B<-h>, B<-i>[I], B<-I>I, B<-l>[I], -B<-m>[B<->]I, B<-M>[B<->]I, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>, -B<-[mM]>[B<->]I, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>, -B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>, -B<-x> I +=item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS -=back +=item OUTPUT TIPS -=item ENVIRONMENT +=item CGI -HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL -(specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, -PERL_ENCODING, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to -the VMS port) +=item GUIs -=back +=item SUMMARY -=head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics +=item SEE ALSO -=over 4 +=item AUTHOR -=item DESCRIPTION +=item CONTRIBUTORS =back -=head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings +=head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2003/01/31 +17:37:17 $) =over 4 @@ -872,126 +774,112 @@ the VMS port) =over 4 -=item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings - -=item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W> - -=item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line - -B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X> - -=item Backward Compatibility - -=item Category Hierarchy +=item Where to get the perlfaq -=item Fatal Warnings +=item How to contribute to the perlfaq -=item Reporting Warnings from a Module +=item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the +authors =back -=item TODO +=item Credits -=item SEE ALSO +=item Author and Copyright Information -=item AUTHOR +=over 4 -=back +=item Bundled Distributions -=head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial +=item Disclaimer -=over 4 +=back -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Table of Contents -=item use strict +perlfaq - this document, perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl, perlfaq2 +- Obtaining and Learning about Perl, perlfaq3 - Programming Tools, perlfaq4 +- Data Manipulation, perlfaq5 - Files and Formats, perlfaq6 - Regular +Expressions, perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues, perlfaq8 - System +Interaction, perlfaq9 - Networking -=item Looking at data and -w and w +=item The Questions -=item help +=over 4 -=item Stepping through code +=item L: General Questions About Perl -=item Placeholder for a, w, t, T +=item L: Obtaining and Learning about Perl -=item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS +=item L: Programming Tools -=item OUTPUT TIPS +=item L: Data Manipulation -=item CGI +=item L: Files and Formats -=item GUIs +=item L: Regular Expressions -=item SUMMARY +=item L: General Perl Language Issues -=item SEE ALSO +=item L: System Interaction -=item AUTHOR +=item L: Networking -=item CONTRIBUTORS +=back =back -=head2 perldebug - Perl debugging +=head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.12 $, $Date: +2003/07/09 15:47:28 $) =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=item The Perl Debugger - =over 4 -=item Debugger Commands +=item What is Perl? -h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n -[expr], r, , c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, --, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr, -b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname -[condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line] -command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O -option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >> -command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! -cmd, @ file, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man -[manpage] +=item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free? -=item Configurable Options +=item Which version of Perl should I use? -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C +=item What are perl4 and perl5? -=item Debugger input/output +=item What is Ponie? -Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame -listing +=item What is perl6? -=item Debugging compile-time statements +=item How stable is Perl? -=item Debugger Customization +=item Is Perl difficult to learn? -=item Readline Support +=item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, +Scheme, or Tcl? -=item Editor Support for Debugging +=item Can I do [task] in Perl? -=item The Perl Profiler +=item When shouldn't I program in Perl? -=back +=item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"? -=item Debugging regular expressions +=item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script? -=item Debugging memory usage +=item What is a JAPH? -=item SEE ALSO +=item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms? -=item BUGS +=item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version +5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language? =back -=head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.20 $, +$Date: 2003/01/26 17:50:56 $) =over 4 @@ -999,380 +887,359 @@ listing =over 4 -=item Predefined Names +=item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it? -$ARG, $_, $a, $b, $>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $', -$LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, -HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, -IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, -HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, -IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, -IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, -$\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, -HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, -HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, -HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, -@-, C<$`> is the same as C, C<$&> is the same as -C, C<$'> is the same as C, C<$1> is the same as C, C<$2> -is the same as C, C<$3> is the same as -C, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR), -$FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^, -IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR, -$FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR, -$FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING}, -$OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@, -$PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, -$>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), -$PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D, -$SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O, -${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, -0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, -$BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, -${^WARNING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, ARGV, -$ARGV, @ARGV, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr} +=item How can I get a binary version of Perl? -=item Error Indicators +=item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl? -=item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names +=item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts +don't work. -=back +=item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic +loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work? -=item BUGS +=item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN? +What does CPAN/src/... mean? -=back +=item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl? -=head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl +=item Where can I get information on Perl? -=over 4 +=item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Where should I post source code? -=over 4 +=item Perl Books -=item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays +References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics -=item Growing Your Own +=item Perl in Magazines -=item Access and Printing +=item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access -=item Slices +=item What mailing lists are there for Perl? -=back +=item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc -=item SEE ALSO +=item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl? -=item AUTHOR +=item Where do I send bug reports? + +=item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org? =back -=head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.33 $, $Date: 2003/01/31 +17:34:56 $) =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=item Open E la shell - =over 4 -=item Simple Opens +=item How do I do (anything)? -=item Pipe Opens +=item How can I use Perl interactively? -=item The Minus File +=item Is there a Perl shell? -=item Mixing Reads and Writes +=item How do I find which modules are installed on my system? -=item Filters +=item How do I debug my Perl programs? -=back +=item How do I profile my Perl programs? -=item Open E la C +=item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs? -=over 4 +=item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl? -=item Permissions E la mode +=item Is there a ctags for Perl? -=back +=item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor? -=item Obscure Open Tricks +Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, OptiPerl, +GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Jed, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright, +MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha -=over 4 +=item Where can I get Perl macros for vi? -=item Re-Opening Files (dups) +=item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs? -=item Dispelling the Dweomer +=item How can I use curses with Perl? -=item Paths as Opens +=item How can I use X or Tk with Perl? -=item Single Argument Open +=item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk? -=item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT +=item How can I make my Perl program run faster? -=back +=item How can I make my Perl program take less memory? -=item Other I/O Issues +Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and +stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk -=over 4 +=item Is it safe to return a reference to local or lexical data? -=item Opening Non-File Files +=item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks? -=item Binary Files +=item How can I make my CGI script more efficient? -=item File Locking +=item How can I hide the source for my Perl program? -=back +=item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C? -=item SEE ALSO +=item How can I compile Perl into Java? -=item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT +=item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]? -=item HISTORY +=item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line? -=back +=item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system? -=head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C and C +=item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl? -=over 4 +=item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp] -=item The Basic Principle +=item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in +my C program; what am I doing wrong? -=item Packing Text +=item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean? -=item Packing Numbers +=item What's MakeMaker? -=over 4 +=back -=item Integers +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=item Unpacking a Stack Frame +=back -=item How to Eat an Egg on a Net +=head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.44 $, $Date: 2003/07/28 +17:35:21 $) -=item Floating point Numbers +=over 4 -=back +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Exotic Templates +=item Data: Numbers =over 4 -=item Bit Strings +=item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the +numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)? -=item Uuencoding +=item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly? -=item Doing Sums +=item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()? +Trig functions? -=item Unicode +=item How do I convert between numeric representations? -=item Another Portable Binary Encoding +How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to +hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from +decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert +from decimal to binary -=back +=item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to? -=item Lengths and Widths +=item How do I multiply matrices? -=over 4 +=item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers? -=item String Lengths +=item How can I output Roman numerals? -=item Dynamic Templates +=item Why aren't my random numbers random? + +=item How do I get a random number between X and Y? =back -=item Packing and Unpacking C Structures +=item Data: Dates =over 4 -=item The Alignment Pit - -=item Alignment, Take 2 +=item How do I find the day or week of the year? -=item Alignment, Take 3 +=item How do I find the current century or millennium? -=item Pointers for How to Use Them +=item How can I compare two dates and find the difference? -=back +=item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds? -=item Pack Recipes +=item How can I find the Julian Day? -=item Funnies Section +=item How do I find yesterday's date? -=item Authors +=item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant? =back -=head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial +=item Data: Strings =over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION - -=item Part 1: The basics - -=over 4 +=item How do I validate input? -=item Simple word matching +=item How do I unescape a string? -=item Using character classes +=item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters? -=item Matching this or that +=item How do I expand function calls in a string? -=item Grouping things and hierarchical matching +=item How do I find matching/nesting anything? -=item Extracting matches +=item How do I reverse a string? -=item Matching repetitions +=item How do I expand tabs in a string? -=item Building a regexp +=item How do I reformat a paragraph? -=item Using regular expressions in Perl +=item How can I access or change N characters of a string? -=back +=item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something? -=item Part 2: Power tools +=item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a +string? -=over 4 +=item How do I capitalize all the words on one line? -=item More on characters, strings, and character classes +=item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside +[character]? -=item Compiling and saving regular expressions +=item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string? -=item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression +=item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes? -=item Non-capturing groupings +=item How do I extract selected columns from a string? -=item Looking ahead and looking behind +=item How do I find the soundex value of a string? -=item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking +=item How can I expand variables in text strings? -=item Conditional expressions +=item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"? -=item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression +=item Why don't my EEHERE documents work? -=item Pragmas and debugging +There must be no space after the EE part, There (probably) should +be a semicolon at the end, You can't (easily) have any space in front of +the tag =back -=item BUGS - -=item SEE ALSO - -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item Data: Arrays =over 4 -=item Acknowledgments - -=back - -=back +=item What is the difference between a list and an array? -=head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions +=item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]? -=over 4 +=item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array? -=item DESCRIPTION +a), b), c), d), e) -i, m, s, x +=item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or +array? -=over 4 +=item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the +intersection of two arrays? -=item Regular Expressions +=item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal? -[1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit +=item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true? -=item Extended Patterns +=item How do I handle linked lists? -C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>, -C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?, C<(?{ -code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>, -C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)> +=item How do I handle circular lists? -=item Backtracking +=item How do I shuffle an array randomly? -=item Version 8 Regular Expressions +=item How do I process/modify each element of an array? -=item Warning on \1 vs $1 +=item How do I select a random element from an array? -=item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring +=item How do I permute N elements of a list? -=item Combining pieces together +=item How do I sort an array by (anything)? -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>, -C<(?!S)>, C<(?, C<(??{ EXPR })>, -C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)> +=item How do I manipulate arrays of bits? -=item Creating custom RE engines +=item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes? =back -=item BUGS +=item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays) -=item SEE ALSO +=over 4 -=back +=item How do I process an entire hash? -=head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures +=item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over +it? -=over 4 +=item How do I look up a hash element by value? -=item NOTE +=item How can I know how many entries are in a hash? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)? -=over 4 +=item How can I always keep my hash sorted? -=item Making References +=item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes? -=item Using References +=item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction? -=item Symbolic references +=item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through? -=item Not-so-symbolic references +=item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes? -=item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash +=item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file? -=item Function Templates +=item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it? -=back +=item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create +it? -=item WARNING +=item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or +array of hashes or arrays? -=item SEE ALSO +=item How can I use a reference as a hash key? =back -=head2 perlform - Perl formats +=item Data: Misc =over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION - -=over 4 +=item How do I handle binary data correctly? -=item Format Variables +=item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float? -=back +=item How do I keep persistent data across program calls? -=item NOTES +=item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure? -=over 4 +=item How do I define methods for every class/object? -=item Footers +=item How do I verify a credit card checksum? -=item Accessing Formatting Internals +=item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code? =back -=item WARNINGS +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =back -=head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial +=head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date: 2003/01/26 +17:45:46 $) =over 4 @@ -1380,215 +1247,244 @@ C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)> =over 4 -=item If we could talk to the animals... +=item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this? -=item Introducing the method invocation arrow +=item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a +line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file? -=item Invoking a barnyard +=item How do I count the number of lines in a file? -=item The extra parameter of method invocation +=item How can I use Perl's C<-i> option from within a program? -=item Calling a second method to simplify things +=item How do I make a temporary file name? -=item Inheriting the windpipes +=item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files? -=item A few notes about @ISA +=item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass +filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles? -=item Overriding the methods +=item How can I use a filehandle indirectly? -=item Starting the search from a different place +=item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()? -=item The SUPER way of doing things +=item How can I write() into a string? -=item Where we're at so far... +=item How can I output my numbers with commas added? -=item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it? +=item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename? -=item Invoking an instance method +=item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out? -=item Accessing the instance data +=item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use +E*E? -=item How to build a horse +=item Is there a leak/bug in glob()? -=item Inheriting the constructor +=item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks? -=item Making a method work with either classes or instances +=item How can I reliably rename a file? -=item Adding parameters to a method +=item How can I lock a file? -=item More interesting instances +=item Why can't I just open(FH, "Efile.lock")? -=item A horse of a different color +=item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in +the file. How can I do this? -=item Summary +=item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a +file. Do I still have to use locking? -=back +=item How do I randomly update a binary file? -=item SEE ALSO +=item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl? -=item COPYRIGHT +=item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl? -=back +=item How do I print to more than one file at once? -=head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl +=item How can I read in an entire file all at once? -=over 4 +=item How can I read in a file by paragraphs? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard? -=item Creating a Class +=item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle? -=over 4 +=item How do I do a C in perl? -=item Object Representation +=item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl? -=item Class Interface +=item How do I close a file descriptor by number? -=item Constructors and Instance Methods +=item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't +`C:\temp\foo.exe` work? -=item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors +=item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files? -=item Destructors +=item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber +protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl? -=item Other Object Methods +=item How do I select a random line from a file? + +=item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines? =back -=item Class Data +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=over 4 +=back -=item Accessing Class Data +=head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.20 $, $Date: 2003/01/03 +20:05:28 $) -=item Debugging Methods +=over 4 -=item Class Destructors +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Documenting the Interface +=over 4 -=back +=item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible +and unmaintainable code? -=item Aggregation +Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters -=item Inheritance +=item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong? -=over 4 +=item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on +different lines? -=item Overridden Methods +=item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong? -=item Multiple Inheritance +=item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving +case on the RHS? -=item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects +=item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets? -=back +=item How can I match a locale-smart version of C? -=item Alternate Object Representations +=item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex? -=over 4 +=item What is C really for? -=item Arrays as Objects +=item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a +file? -=item Closures as Objects +=item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text? -=back +=item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it? -=item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods +=item How do I process each word on each line? -=over 4 +=item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary? -=item Autoloaded Data Methods +=item How can I do approximate matching? -=item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods +=item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once? -=back +=item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me? -=item Metaclassical Tools +=item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down? -=over 4 +=item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression? -=item Class::Struct +=item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant? -=item Data Members as Variables +=item What's wrong with using grep in a void context? -=back +=item How can I match strings with multibyte characters? -=item NOTES +=item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user? -=over 4 +=back -=item Object Terminology +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =back -=item SEE ALSO +=head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date: +2003/07/24 02:17:21 $) -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=over 4 -=item COPYRIGHT +=item DESCRIPTION =over 4 -=item Acknowledgments +=item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language? -=back +=item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to +use them? -=back +=item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and +commas? -=head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl +=item How do I skip some return values? -=over 4 +=item How do I temporarily block warnings? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item What's an extension? -=item Class Data in a Can +=item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators? -=item Class Data as Package Variables +=item How do I declare/create a structure? -=over 4 +=item How do I create a module? -=item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket +=item How do I create a class? -=item Inheritance Concerns +=item How can I tell if a variable is tainted? -=item The Eponymous Meta-Object +=item What's a closure? -=item Indirect References to Class Data +=item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it? -=item Monadic Classes +=item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method, +Regex}? -=item Translucent Attributes +Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes, +Passing Methods -=back +=item How do I create a static variable? -=item Class Data as Lexical Variables +=item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? +Between local() and my()? -=over 4 +=item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical +is in scope? -=item Privacy and Responsibility +=item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding? -=item File-Scoped Lexicals +=item Why doesn't "my($foo) = EFILEE;" work right? -=item More Inheritance Concerns +=item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method? -=item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key +=item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()? -=item Translucency Revisited +=item How do I create a switch or case statement? -=back +=item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables, functions, or +methods? -=item NOTES +=item Why can't a method included in this same file be found? -=item SEE ALSO +=item How can I find out my current package? -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item How can I comment out a large block of perl code? -=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS +=item How do I clear a package? -=item HISTORY +=item How can I use a variable as a variable name? + +=item What does "bad interpreter" mean? =back -=head2 perlobj - Perl objects +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 2003/01/26 +17:44:04 $) =over 4 @@ -1596,816 +1492,882 @@ C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)> =over 4 -=item An Object is Simply a Reference +=item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under? -=item A Class is Simply a Package +=item How come exec() doesn't return? -=item A Method is Simply a Subroutine +=item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse? -=item Method Invocation +Keyboard, Screen, Mouse -=item Indirect Object Syntax +=item How do I print something out in color? -=item Default UNIVERSAL methods +=item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key? -isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ) +=item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard? -=item Destructors +=item How do I clear the screen? -=item Summary +=item How do I get the screen size? -=item Two-Phased Garbage Collection +=item How do I ask the user for a password? -=back +=item How do I read and write the serial port? -=item SEE ALSO +lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input -=back +=item How do I decode encrypted password files? -=head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT) +=item How do I start a process in the background? -=over 4 +STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How do I trap control characters/signals? -=item OO SCALING TIPS +=item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system? -=item INSTANCE VARIABLES +=item How do I set the time and date? -=item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES +=item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second? -=item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE +=item How can I measure time under a second? -=item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS +=item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling) -=item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS +=item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What +does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean? -=item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM +=item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl? -=item THINKING OF CODE REUSE +=item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()? -=item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT +=item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems? -=item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR +=item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command? -=item DELEGATION +=item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()? -=back +=item How can I capture STDERR from an external command? -=head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable +=item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails? -=over 4 +=item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context? -=item SYNOPSIS +=item How can I call backticks without shell processing? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, +^Z on MS-DOS)? -=over 4 +=item How can I convert my shell script to perl? -=item Tying Scalars +=item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session? -TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this, -DESTROY this +=item How can I write expect in Perl? -=item Tying Arrays +=item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as +"ps"? -TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value, -FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this, -key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this, -UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY -this +=item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How +come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my +changes to be visible? -=item Tying Hashes +Unix -USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE -this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY -this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this +=item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to +complete? -=item Tying FileHandles +=item How do I fork a daemon process? -TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, -LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this, -DESTROY this +=item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not? -=item UNTIE this +=item How do I timeout a slow event? -=item The C Gotcha +=item How do I set CPU limits? -=back +=item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system? -=item SEE ALSO +=item How do I use an SQL database? -=item BUGS +=item How do I make a system() exit on control-C? -=item AUTHOR +=item How do I open a file without blocking? -=back +=item How do I install a module from CPAN? -=head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, -safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores) +=item What's the difference between require and use? -=over 4 +=item How do I keep my own module/library directory? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library +search path? -=item Signals +=item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime? -=item Named Pipes +=item What is socket.ph and where do I get it? -=over 4 +=back -=item WARNING +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =back -=item Using open() for IPC +=head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date: 2003/01/31 17:36:57 +$) =over 4 -=item Filehandles +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Background Processes +=over 4 -=item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent +=item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script? -=item Safe Pipe Opens +=item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500 +Server Error) -=item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process +=item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program? -=item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself +=item How do I remove HTML from a string? -=back +=item How do I extract URLs? -=item Sockets: Client/Server Communication +=item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a +file on another machine? -=over 4 +=item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML? -=item Internet Line Terminators +=item How do I fetch an HTML file? -=item Internet TCP Clients and Servers +=item How do I automate an HTML form submission? -=item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers +=item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web? -=back +=item How do I redirect to another page? -=item TCP Clients with IO::Socket +=item How do I put a password on my web pages? -=over 4 +=item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl? -=item A Simple Client +=item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my +CGI script to do bad things? -C, C, C +=item How do I parse a mail header? -=item A Webget Client +=item How do I decode a CGI form? -=item Interactive Client with IO::Socket +=item How do I check a valid mail address? -=back +=item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string? -=item TCP Servers with IO::Socket +=item How do I return the user's mail address? -Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse +=item How do I send mail? -=item UDP: Message Passing +=item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message? -=item SysV IPC +=item How do I read mail? -=item NOTES +=item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address? -=item BUGS +=item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups? -=item AUTHOR +=item How do I fetch/put an FTP file? -=item SEE ALSO +=item How can I do RPC in Perl? =back -=head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change) +=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT -=over 4 +=back -=item SYNOPSIS +=head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax + +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 -=item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes +=item Declarations -$$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept -filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to -files, directories and network sockets +=item Comments -=item Resource limits +=item Simple Statements -=item Killing the parent process +=item Compound Statements -=item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes +=item Loop Control -=item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS +=item For Loops -BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented, -Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger -application, Thread-safety of extensions +=item Foreach Loops -=back +=item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements -=item BUGS +=item Goto -=item AUTHOR +=item PODs: Embedded Documentation -=item SEE ALSO +=item Plain Old Comments (Not!) =back -=head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl +=back -=over 4 +=head2 perldata - Perl data types -=item SYNOPSIS +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=item Storing numbers +=over 4 -=item Numeric operators and numeric conversions +=item Variable names -=item Flavors of Perl numeric operations +=item Context -Arithmetic operators except, C, Arithmetic operators except, -C, Bitwise operators, C, Bitwise operators, C, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a -string +=item Scalar values -=item AUTHOR +=item Scalar value constructors -=item SEE ALSO +=item List value constructors -=back +=item Subscripts -=head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl +=item Slices -=over 4 +=item Typeglobs and Filehandles -=item DESCRIPTION +=back + +=item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl +=head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence =over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION - -=item What Is A Thread Anyway? +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Threaded Program Models +=item DESCRIPTION =over 4 -=item Boss/Worker - -=item Work Crew +=item Terms and List Operators (Leftward) -=item Pipeline +=item The Arrow Operator -=back +=item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement -=item Native threads +=item Exponentiation -=item What kind of threads are perl threads? +=item Symbolic Unary Operators -=item Threadsafe Modules +=item Binding Operators -=item Thread Basics +=item Multiplicative Operators -=over 4 +=item Additive Operators -=item Basic Thread Support +=item Shift Operators -=item Creating Threads +=item Named Unary Operators -=item Giving up control +=item Relational Operators -=item Waiting For A Thread To Exit +=item Equality Operators -=item Errors In Threads +=item Bitwise And -=item Ignoring A Thread +=item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or -=back +=item C-style Logical And -=item Threads And Data +=item C-style Logical Or -=over 4 +=item C-style Logical Defined-Or -=item Shared And Unshared Data +=item Range Operators -=item Thread Pitfall: Races +=item Conditional Operator -=item Controlling access: lock() +=item Assignment Operators -=item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks +=item Comma Operator -=item Queues: Passing Data Around +=item List Operators (Rightward) -=back +=item Logical Not -=item Threads And Code +=item Logical And -=over 4 +=item Logical or, Defined or, and Exclusive Or -=item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access +=item C Operators Missing From Perl -Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores +unary &, unary *, (TYPE) -=item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines +=item Quote and Quote-like Operators -=item Subroutine Locks +=item Regexp Quote-Like Operators -=item Methods +?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>, +qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/, +s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, +y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <, C, C, C, C, C<''>, C, C<"">, +C<``>, C, C, C<< >>, C, C, C, +C,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of +regular expressions -=item General Thread Utility Routines +=item I/O Operators -=over 4 +=item Constant Folding -=item What Thread Am I In? +=item Bitwise String Operators -=item Thread IDs +=item Integer Arithmetic -=item Are These Threads The Same? +=item Floating-point Arithmetic -=item What Threads Are Running? +=item Bigger Numbers =back -=item A Complete Example - -=item Conclusion +=back -=item Bibliography +=head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines =over 4 -=item Introductory Texts +=item SYNOPSIS -=item OS-Related References +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Other References +=over 4 -=back +=item Private Variables via my() -=item Acknowledgements +=item Persistent Private Variables -=item AUTHOR +=item Temporary Values via local() -=item Copyrights +=item Lvalue subroutines -=back +Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL -=head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl +=item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs) -=over 4 +=item When to Still Use local() -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Pass by Reference -Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I -portable +=item Prototypes -=item ISSUES +=item Constant Functions -=over 4 +=item Overriding Built-in Functions -=item Newlines +=item Autoloading -=item Numbers endianness and Width +=item Subroutine Attributes -=item Files and Filesystems +=back -=item System Interaction +=item SEE ALSO -=item Interprocess Communication (IPC) +=back -=item External Subroutines (XS) +=head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions -=item Standard Modules +=over 4 -=item Time and Date +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Character sets and character encoding +=over 4 -=item Internationalisation +=item Perl Functions by Category -=item System Resources +Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching, +Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data, +Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed +length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories, +Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related +to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process +groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and +object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess +communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network +info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted +in perl5 -=item Security +=item Portability -=item Style +=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions -=back +-I FILEHANDLE, -I EXPR, -I, abs VALUE, abs, accept +NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, +binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless +REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp( +LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, +chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE, +connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, +dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete +EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump, +each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, +exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl +FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, +fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, +getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam +NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname +NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr +ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, +getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, +getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent +STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, +endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, +getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, +goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, +import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl +FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, +last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, +link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, +lock THING, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map +EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget +KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my +TYPE EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRS, my TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, next LABEL, next, no +Module VERSION LIST, no Module VERSION, no Module LIST, no Module, oct +EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open +FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE, +opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR TYPE, our EXPR : +ATTRS, our TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, +package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, +print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, +printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, +qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, +rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read +FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, +readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, +ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, +require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir +DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, +rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir +DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, +semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send +SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority +WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY, +shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, +shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep +EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair +SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST, +sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, +splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split +/PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, format +parameter index, flags, vector flag, (minimum) width, precision, or maximum +width, size, order of arguments, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat +FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub NAME BLOCK, sub NAME +(PROTO) BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK, +substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr +EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall NUMBER, LIST, sysopen +FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread +FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek +FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite +FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, +syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie +VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate +FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, +ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack +TEMPLATE,EXPR, unpack TEMPLATE, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use +Module VERSION LIST, use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use +VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid +PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y/// -=item CPAN Testers +=back -Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results: -http://testers.cpan.org/ +=back -=item PLATFORMS +=head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl =over 4 -=item Unix +=item DESCRIPTION -=item DOS and Derivatives +=item Open E la shell -=item S +=over 4 -=item VMS +=item Simple Opens -=item VOS +=item Indirect Filehandles -=item EBCDIC Platforms +=item Pipe Opens -=item Acorn RISC OS +=item The Minus File -=item Other perls +=item Mixing Reads and Writes + +=item Filters =back -=item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS +=item Open E la C =over 4 -=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions - --I FILEHANDLE, -I EXPR, -I, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode -FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt -PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec -LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock -FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority -WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, -getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, -getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, -getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent -STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, -endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt -SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, -kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, -lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv -ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe -READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select -RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget -KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP, -setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt -SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, -shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET, -socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat -EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen -FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate -FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST, -wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS +=item Permissions E la mode =back -=item CHANGES +=item Obscure Open Tricks -v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000, -v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 -May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February -1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September -1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, -v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998 +=over 4 -=item Supported Platforms +=item Re-Opening Files (dups) -=item SEE ALSO +=item Dispelling the Dweomer -=item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS +=item Paths as Opens -=item VERSION +=item Single Argument Open + +=item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT =back -=head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and -localization) +=item Other I/O Issues =over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Opening Non-File Files -=item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES +=item Opening Named Pipes -=item USING LOCALES +=item Opening Sockets -=over 4 +=item Binary Files -=item The use locale pragma +=item File Locking -=item The setlocale function +=item IO Layers -=item Finding locales +=back -=item LOCALE PROBLEMS +=item SEE ALSO -=item Temporarily fixing locale problems +=item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT -=item Permanently fixing locale problems +=item HISTORY -=item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration +=back -=item Fixing system locale configuration +=head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C and C -=item The localeconv function +=over 4 -=item I18N::Langinfo +=item DESCRIPTION -=back +=item The Basic Principle -=item LOCALE CATEGORIES +=item Packing Text + +=item Packing Numbers =over 4 -=item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation +=item Integers -=item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types +=item Unpacking a Stack Frame -=item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting +=item How to Eat an Egg on a Net -=item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts +=item Floating point Numbers -=item LC_TIME +=back -=item Other categories +=item Exotic Templates -=back +=over 4 -=item SECURITY +=item Bit Strings -=item ENVIRONMENT +=item Uuencoding -PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, -LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG +=item Doing Sums -=item NOTES +=item Unicode -=over 4 +=item Another Portable Binary Encoding -=item Backward compatibility +=back -=item I18N:Collate obsolete +=item Template Grouping -=item Sort speed and memory use impacts +=item Lengths and Widths -=item write() and LC_NUMERIC +=over 4 -=item Freely available locale definitions +=item String Lengths -=item I18n and l10n +=item Dynamic Templates -=item An imperfect standard +=item Counting Repetitions =back -=item BUGS +=item Packing and Unpacking C Structures =over 4 -=item Broken systems +=item The Alignment Pit -=back +=item Alignment, Take 2 -=item SEE ALSO +=item Alignment, Take 3 -=item HISTORY +=item Pointers for How to Use Them =back -=head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction - -=over 4 - -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Pack Recipes -=over 4 +=item Funnies Section -=item Unicode +=item Authors -=item Perl's Unicode Support +=back -=item Perl's Unicode Model +=head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format -=item Creating Unicode +=over 4 -=item Handling Unicode +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Legacy Encodings +=over 4 -=item Unicode I/O +=item Ordinary Paragraph -=item Displaying Unicode As Text +=item Verbatim Paragraph -=item Special Cases +=item Command Paragraph -=item Advanced Topics +C<=head1 I>, C<=head2 I>, C<=head3 I>, C<=head4 I>, C<=over I>, C<=item +I>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I>, C<=end +I>, C<=for I I>, C<=encoding +I> -=item Miscellaneous +=item Formatting Codes -=item Questions With Answers +CtextE> -- italic text, CtextE> -- bold text, +CcodeE> -- code text, CnameE> -- a hyperlink, +CescapeE> -- a character escape, CfilenameE> -- used +for filenames, CtextE> -- text contains non-breaking spaces, +Ctopic nameE> -- an index entry, CE> -- a null +(zero-effect) formatting code -Will My Old Scripts Break?, How Do I Make My Scripts Work With Unicode?, -How Do I Know Whether My String Is In Unicode?, How Do I Detect Invalid -UTF-8?, How Do I Convert Data Into UTF-8? Or Vice Versa?, How Do I Display -Unicode? How Do I Input Unicode?, How Does Unicode Work With Traditional -Locales? +=item The Intent -=item Hexadecimal Notation +=item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules -=item Further Resources +=item Hints for Writing Pod =back -=item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS - =item SEE ALSO -=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS - -=item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE +=item AUTHOR =back -=head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl +=head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and +notes =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over 4 - -=item Important Caveats - -Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C still needed -to enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts - -=item Byte and Character semantics - -=item Effects of character semantics - -=item Scripts - -=item Blocks - -=item Character encodings for input and output +=item Pod Definitions -=back +=item Pod Commands -=item CAVEATS +"=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item", +"=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text...", +"=encoding encodingname" -=item UNICODE REGULAR EXPRESSION SUPPORT LEVEL +=item Pod Formatting Codes -=over 4 +CtextE> -- italic text, CtextE> -- bold text, +CcodeE> -- code text, CfilenameE> -- style for +filenames, Ctopic nameE> -- an index entry, CE> -- a +null (zero-effect) formatting code, CnameE> -- a hyperlink, +CescapeE> -- a character escape, CtextE> -- text +contains non-breaking spaces -=item Unicode Encodings +=item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors -UTF-8, UTF-16, UTF-16BE, UTF16-LE, Surrogates, and BOMs (Byte Order Marks), -UTF-32, UTF-32BE, UTF32-LE, UCS-2, UCS-4, UTF-7 +=item About LE...E Codes -=item Security Implications of Malformed UTF-8 +First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth: -=item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC +=item About =over...=back Regions -=back +=item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions =item SEE ALSO +=item AUTHOR + =back -=head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms +=head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter =over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item SYNOPSIS -=item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS +=item DESCRIPTION =over 4 -=item ASCII - -=item ISO 8859 +=item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems -=item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1) +OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS -=item EBCDIC +=item Location of Perl -=item 13 variant characters +=item Command Switches -=item 0037 +B<-0>[I], B<-A [I]>, B<-a>, B<-C +[I]>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I, B<-D>I, +B<-D>I, B<-e> I, B<-F>I, B<-h>, +B<-i>[I], B<-I>I, B<-l>[I], +B<-m>[B<->]I, B<-M>[B<->]I, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>, +B<-[mM]>[B<->]I, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>, +B<-t>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I, B<-w>, B<-W>, +B<-X>, B<-x> I -=item 1047 +=back -=item POSIX-BC +=item ENVIRONMENT -=item Unicode and UTF +HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLIO, :bytes, :crlf, :mmap, +:perlio, :pop, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PERLIO_DEBUG, PERLLIB, +PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, +PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_ENCODING, PERL_HASH_SEED, PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG, +PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), PERL_SIGNALS, PERL_UNICODE, SYS$LOGIN +(specific to the VMS port) =back -=item SINGLE OCTET TABLES +=head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics -recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6 +=over 4 -=item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS +=item DESCRIPTION -=item CONVERSIONS +=back -=over 4 +=head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings -=item tr/// +=over 4 -=item iconv +=item DESCRIPTION -=item C RTL +=over 4 -=back +=item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings -=item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES +=item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W> -=item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES +=item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line -chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack() +B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X> -=item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES +=item Backward Compatibility -=item SOCKETS +=item Category Hierarchy -=item SORTING +=item Fatal Warnings -=over 4 +=item Reporting Warnings from a Module -=item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences. +=back -=item MONO CASE then sort data. +=item TODO -=item Convert, sort data, then re convert. +=item SEE ALSO -=item Perform sorting on one type of machine only. +=item AUTHOR =back -=item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS +=head2 perldebug - Perl debugging =over 4 -=item URL decoding and encoding - -=item uu encoding and decoding - -=item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Caesarian ciphers +=item The Perl Debugger -=back +=over 4 -=item Hashing order and checksums +=item Debugger Commands -=item I18N AND L10N +h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], y +[level [vars]], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, , c [line|sub], l, l +min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, v [line], f filename, /pattern/, +?pattern?, L [abw], S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b, b [line] [condition], b +subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b +compile subname, B line, B *, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W +expr, W *, o, o booloption .., o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [ +command ], < *, << command, > ?, > command, > *, >> command, { ?, { [ +command ], { *, {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, source +file, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man +[manpage] -=item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS +=item Configurable Options -=item OS ISSUES +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C -=over 4 +=item Debugger input/output -=item OS/400 +Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame +listing -IFS access +=item Debugging compile-time statements -=item OS/390, z/OS +=item Debugger Customization -chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales +=item Readline Support -=item VM/ESA? +=item Editor Support for Debugging -=item POSIX-BC? +=item The Perl Profiler =back -=item BUGS - -=item SEE ALSO +=item Debugging regular expressions -=item REFERENCES +=item Debugging memory usage -=item HISTORY +=item SEE ALSO -=item AUTHOR +=item BUGS =back -=head2 perlsec - Perl security +=head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables =over 4 @@ -2413,49 +2375,97 @@ chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales =over 4 -=item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data - -=item Switches On the "#!" Line +=item Predefined Names -=item Cleaning Up Your Path +$ARG, $_, $a, $b, $>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $', +$LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, +HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, +IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, +HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, +IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, +IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, +$\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $#, +HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, +HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, +HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, +@-, C<$`> is the same as C, C<$&> is the same as +C, C<$'> is the same as C, C<$1> is the same as C, C<$2> +is the same as C, C<$3> is the same as +C, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR), +$FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^, +IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR, +$FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR, +$FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING}, +$OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@, +$PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, +$>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), +$PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D, +$SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O, +${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, +0x100, 0x200, 0x400, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, +$EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, ${^UNICODE}, +$PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, +ARGV, $ARGV, @ARGV, ARGVOUT, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, +$SIG{expr} -=item Security Bugs +=item Error Indicators -=item Protecting Your Programs +=item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names =back -=item SEE ALSO +=item BUGS =back -=head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables) +=head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION +i, m, s, x + =over 4 -=item Packages +=item Regular Expressions -=item Symbol Tables +[1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit -=item Package Constructors and Destructors +=item Extended Patterns -=item Perl Classes +C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>, +C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?, C<(?{ +code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>, +C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)> -=item Perl Modules +=item Backtracking -=item Making your module threadsafe +=item Version 8 Regular Expressions + +=item Warning on \1 vs $1 + +=item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring + +=item Combining pieces together + +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>, +C<(?!S)>, C<(?, C<(??{ EXPR })>, +C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)> + +=item Creating custom RE engines =back +=item BUGS + =item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules +=head2 perlreref - Perl Regular Expressions Reference =over 4 @@ -2463,825 +2473,810 @@ chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales =over 4 -=item PREAMBLE +=item OPERATORS -B the file, B the file into a directory, B the -module (sometimes unnecessary), B the module +=item SYNTAX -=back +=item ESCAPE SEQUENCES -=item PORTABILITY +=item CHARACTER CLASSES -=item HEY +=item ANCHORS + +=item QUANTIFIERS + +=item EXTENDED CONSTRUCTS + +=item VARIABLES + +=item FUNCTIONS + +=item TERMINOLOGY + +=back =item AUTHOR -=item COPYRIGHT +=item SEE ALSO + +=item THANKS =back -=head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones +=head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures =over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item NOTE -=item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY +=item DESCRIPTION =over 4 -=item Pragmatic Modules +=item Making References -attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, -diagnostics, encoding, fields, filetest, integer, less, locale, open, ops, -overload, re, sigtrap, sort, strict, subs, threads, utf8, vars, vmsish, -warnings, warnings::register +=item Using References -=item Standard Modules +=item Symbolic references -AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, -B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug, -B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, -B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, -CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util, -CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA, -Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, DirHandle, -Dumpvalue, Encode, Encode::EncodeFormat, Encode::Tcl, English, Env, -Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Constant, -ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, -ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, -ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, -ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, -ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, -File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, -File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions, -File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, -File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, -Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, -I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, -Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, Locale::Language, -Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, -Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, -Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile, -Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File, -Memoize::Saves, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Cmd, Net::Config, -Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3, Net::Ping, -Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent, -Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO, -Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, -Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, -Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike, -Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, Pod::t::basic, SDBM_File, Safe, -Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch, -Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, -Test::Builder, Test::Harness, Test::More, Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial, -Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, -Text::Wrap, Thread, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, -Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, -Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::UCD, User::grent, -User::pwent, Win32 +=item Not-so-symbolic references -=item Extension Modules +=item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash -=back +=item Function Templates -=item CPAN +=back -=over 4 +=item WARNING -=item Africa +=item SEE ALSO -=item Asia +=back -=item Central America +=head2 perlform - Perl formats -=item Europe +=over 4 -=item North America +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Oceania +=over 4 -=item South America +=item Format Variables =back -=item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse +=item NOTES =over 4 -=item Guidelines for Module Creation - -=item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules +=item Footers -=item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code +=item Accessing Formatting Internals =back -=item NOTE +=item WARNINGS =back -=head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide +=head2 perlobj - Perl objects =over 4 -=item INTRODUCTION - -=item QUICK CHECKLIST +=item DESCRIPTION =over 4 -=item Before you start +=item An Object is Simply a Reference -=item The API +=item A Class is Simply a Package -=item Stability +=item A Method is Simply a Subroutine -=item Documentation +=item Method Invocation -=item Release considerations +=item Indirect Object Syntax -=back +=item Default UNIVERSAL methods -=item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE +isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ) -=over 4 +=item Destructors -=item Has it been done before? +=item Summary -=item Do one thing and do it well +=item Two-Phased Garbage Collection -=item What's in a name? +=back + +=item SEE ALSO =back -=item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE +=head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable =over 4 -=item To OO or not to OO? +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Designing your API +=item DESCRIPTION -Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from -output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions, -Parameter passing +=over 4 -=item Strictness and warnings +=item Tying Scalars -=item Backwards compatibility +TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this, +DESTROY this -=item Error handling and messages +=item Tying Arrays -=back +TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value, +FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this, +key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this, +UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY +this -=item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE +=item Tying Hashes -=over 4 +USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE +this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY +this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this -=item POD +=item Tying FileHandles -=item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs +TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, +LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this, +DESTROY this + +=item UNTIE this + +=item The C Gotcha =back -=item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS +=item SEE ALSO -=over 4 +=item BUGS -=item Version numbering +=item AUTHOR -=item Pre-requisites +=back -=item Testing +=head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters -=item Packaging +=over 4 -=item Licensing +=item SYNOPSIS -=back +=item DESCRIPTION -=item COMMON PITFALLS +B, B, B, +B =over 4 -=item Reinventing the wheel +=item The Filter -=item Trying to do too much +=item An Example -- the NULL termination problem. -=item Inappropriate documentation +=item Another Example -- Key is a C int. =back =item SEE ALSO -L, L, L, L, Testing tools, -http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software engineering - =item AUTHOR =back -=head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution +=head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, +safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores) =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over 4 - -=item Warning - -=item What should I make into a module? - -=item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground - -Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again +=item Signals -=item Step-by-step: Making the module +=over 4 -Start with F, Use L and L, Use -L, Use L - wisely!, Use L, Write tests, Write the README +=item Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons -=item Step-by-step: Distributing your module +=back -Get a CPAN user ID, C, Upload the -tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs! +=item Named Pipes -=back +=over 4 -=item AUTHOR +=item Deferred Signals (Safe Signals) -=item SEE ALSO +Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Restartable system calls, Signals as +"faults", Signals triggered by operating system state =back -=head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.2 $, $Date: -2001/11/09 08:06:04 $) +=item Using open() for IPC =over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Filehandles -=over 4 +=item Background Processes -=item What is Perl? +=item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent -=item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free? +=item Safe Pipe Opens -=item Which version of Perl should I use? +=item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process -=item What are perl4 and perl5? +=item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself -=item What is perl6? +=back -=item How stable is Perl? +=item Sockets: Client/Server Communication -=item Is Perl difficult to learn? +=over 4 -=item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, -Scheme, or Tcl? +=item Internet Line Terminators -=item Can I do [task] in Perl? +=item Internet TCP Clients and Servers -=item When shouldn't I program in Perl? +=item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers -=item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"? +=back -=item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script? +=item TCP Clients with IO::Socket -=item What is a JAPH? +=over 4 -=item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms? +=item A Simple Client -=item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version -5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language? +C, C, C -=back +=item A Webget Client -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item Interactive Client with IO::Socket =back -=head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.3 $, -$Date: 2001/11/09 08:06:04 $) +=item TCP Servers with IO::Socket -=over 4 +Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse -=item DESCRIPTION +=item UDP: Message Passing -=over 4 +=item SysV IPC -=item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it? +=item NOTES -=item How can I get a binary version of Perl? +=item BUGS -=item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl? +=item AUTHOR -=item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts -don't work. +=item SEE ALSO -=item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic -loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work? +=back -=item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN? -What does CPAN/src/... mean? +=head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation -=item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl? +=over 4 -=item Where can I get information on Perl? +=item SYNOPSIS -=item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Where should I post source code? +=over 4 -=item Perl Books +=item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes -References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics +$$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept +filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to +files, directories and network sockets -=item Perl in Magazines +=item Resource limits -=item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access +=item Killing the parent process -=item What mailing lists are there for Perl? +=item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes -=item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc +=item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS -=item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl? +BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented, +Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger +application, Thread-safety of extensions -=item Where do I send bug reports? +=back -=item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? +=item BUGS -=back +=item AUTHOR -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.10 $, $Date: 2001/11/19 -17:09:37 $) +=head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl =over 4 +=item SYNOPSIS + =item DESCRIPTION -=over 4 +=item Storing numbers -=item How do I do (anything)? +=item Numeric operators and numeric conversions -=item How can I use Perl interactively? +=item Flavors of Perl numeric operations -=item Is there a Perl shell? +Arithmetic operators, ++, Arithmetic operators during C, Other +mathematical operators, Bitwise operators, Bitwise operators during C, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a +string -=item How do I debug my Perl programs? +=item AUTHOR -=item How do I profile my Perl programs? +=item SEE ALSO -=item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs? +=back -=item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl? +=head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl -=item Is there a ctags for Perl? +=over 4 -=item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor? +=item DESCRIPTION -Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, -CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright, -MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha +=item Status -=item Where can I get Perl macros for vi? +=item What Is A Thread Anyway? -=item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs? +=item Threaded Program Models -=item How can I use curses with Perl? +=over 4 -=item How can I use X or Tk with Perl? +=item Boss/Worker -=item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk? +=item Work Crew -=item How can I make my Perl program run faster? +=item Pipeline -=item How can I make my Perl program take less memory? +=back -Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and -stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk +=item What kind of threads are Perl threads? -=item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data? +=item Thread-Safe Modules -=item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks? +=item Thread Basics -=item How can I make my CGI script more efficient? +=over 4 -=item How can I hide the source for my Perl program? +=item Basic Thread Support -=item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C? +=item A Note about the Examples -=item How can I compile Perl into Java? +=item Creating Threads -=item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]? +=item Waiting For A Thread To Exit -=item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line? +=item Ignoring A Thread -=item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system? +=back -=item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl? +=item Threads And Data -=item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming? +=over 4 -=item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp] +=item Shared And Unshared Data -=item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in -my C program; what am I doing wrong? +=item Thread Pitfalls: Races -=item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it -mean? +=back -=item What's MakeMaker? +=item Synchronization and control -=back +=over 4 -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item Controlling access: lock() -=back +=item A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks -=head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.9 $, $Date: 2001/12/07 -21:17:58 $) +=item Queues: Passing Data Around -=over 4 +=item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Basic semaphores -=item Data: Numbers +=item Advanced Semaphores + +=item cond_wait() and cond_signal() + +=item Giving up control + +=back + +=item General Thread Utility Routines =over 4 -=item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the -numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)? +=item What Thread Am I In? -=item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly? +=item Thread IDs -=item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()? -Trig functions? +=item Are These Threads The Same? -=item How do I convert between numeric representations: +=item What Threads Are Running? -B, B, B, B, B, B +=back -=item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to? +=item A Complete Example -=item How do I multiply matrices? +=item Different implementations of threads -=item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers? +=item Performance considerations -=item How can I output Roman numerals? +=item Process-scope Changes -=item Why aren't my random numbers random? +=item Thread-Safety of System Libraries -=back +=item Conclusion -=item Data: Dates +=item Bibliography =over 4 -=item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year? +=item Introductory Texts -=item How do I find the current century or millennium? +=item OS-Related References -=item How can I compare two dates and find the difference? +=item Other References -=item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds? +=back -=item How can I find the Julian Day? +=item Acknowledgements -=item How do I find yesterday's date? +=item AUTHOR -=item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant? +=item Copyrights =back -=item Data: Strings +=head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl =over 4 -=item How do I validate input? - -=item How do I unescape a string? - -=item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item How do I expand function calls in a string? +=item What Is A Thread Anyway? -=item How do I find matching/nesting anything? +=item Threaded Program Models -=item How do I reverse a string? +=over 4 -=item How do I expand tabs in a string? +=item Boss/Worker -=item How do I reformat a paragraph? +=item Work Crew -=item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string? +=item Pipeline -=item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something? +=back -=item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a -string? +=item Native threads -=item How do I capitalize all the words on one line? +=item What kind of threads are perl threads? -=item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside -[character]? (Comma-separated files) +=item Threadsafe Modules -=item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string? +=item Thread Basics -=item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes? +=over 4 -=item How do I extract selected columns from a string? +=item Basic Thread Support -=item How do I find the soundex value of a string? +=item Creating Threads -=item How can I expand variables in text strings? +=item Giving up control -=item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"? +=item Waiting For A Thread To Exit -=item Why don't my < +portable -=item How do I keep persistent data across program calls? +=item ISSUES -=item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure? +=over 4 -=item How do I define methods for every class/object? +=item Newlines -=item How do I verify a credit card checksum? +=item Numbers endianness and Width -=item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code? +=item Files and Filesystems -=back +=item System Interaction -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item Command names versus file pathnames -=back +=item Networking -=head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.4 $, $Date: 2001/11/09 -08:06:04 $) +=item Interprocess Communication (IPC) -=over 4 +=item External Subroutines (XS) -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Standard Modules -=over 4 +=item Time and Date -=item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this? +=item Character sets and character encoding -=item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a -line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file? +=item Internationalisation -=item How do I count the number of lines in a file? +=item System Resources -=item How do I make a temporary file name? +=item Security -=item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files? +=item Style -=item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass -filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles? +=back -=item How can I use a filehandle indirectly? +=item CPAN Testers -=item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()? +Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results: +http://testers.cpan.org/ -=item How can I write() into a string? +=item PLATFORMS -=item How can I output my numbers with commas added? +=over 4 -=item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename? +=item Unix -=item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out? +=item DOS and Derivatives -=item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>? +=item S -=item Is there a leak/bug in glob()? +=item VMS -=item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks? +=item VOS -=item How can I reliably rename a file? +=item EBCDIC Platforms -=item How can I lock a file? +=item Acorn RISC OS -=item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")? +=item Other perls -=item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in -the file. How can I do this? +=back -=item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a -file. Do I still have to use locking? +=item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS -=item How do I randomly update a binary file? +=over 4 -=item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl? +=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions -=item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl? +-I FILEHANDLE, -I EXPR, -I, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode +FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt +PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec +LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock +FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority +WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, +getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, +getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostbyname, gethostent, +getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent +STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, +endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt +SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, +kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, +lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv +ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe +READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select +RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget +KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP, +setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt +SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, +shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET, +socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat +EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen +FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate +FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST, +wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS -=item How do I print to more than one file at once? +=back -=item How can I read in an entire file all at once? +=item CHANGES -=item How can I read in a file by paragraphs? +v1.49, 12 August 2002, v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, +v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, +v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April +1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December +1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August +1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998 -=item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard? +=item Supported Platforms -=item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle? +=item SEE ALSO -=item How do I do a C in perl? +=item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS -=item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl? +=back -=item How do I close a file descriptor by number? +=head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and +localization) -=item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't -`C:\temp\foo.exe` work? +=over 4 -=item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber -protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl? +=item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES -=item How do I select a random line from a file? +=item USING LOCALES -=item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines? +=over 4 -=back +=item The use locale pragma -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item The setlocale function -=back +=item Finding locales -=head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.5 $, $Date: 2001/12/02 01:55:12 $) +=item LOCALE PROBLEMS -=over 4 +=item Temporarily fixing locale problems -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Permanently fixing locale problems + +=item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration + +=item Fixing system locale configuration + +=item The localeconv function + +=item I18N::Langinfo + +=back + +=item LOCALE CATEGORIES =over 4 -=item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible -and unmaintainable code? +=item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation -Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters +=item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types -=item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong? +=item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting -=item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on -different lines? +=item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts -=item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong? +=item LC_TIME -=item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving -case on the RHS? +=item Other categories -=item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets? +=back -=item How can I match a locale-smart version of C? +=item SECURITY -=item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex? +=item ENVIRONMENT -=item What is C really for? +PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, +LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG -=item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a -file? +=item NOTES -=item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text? +=over 4 -=item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it? +=item Backward compatibility -=item How do I process each word on each line? +=item I18N:Collate obsolete -=item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary? +=item Sort speed and memory use impacts -=item How can I do approximate matching? +=item write() and LC_NUMERIC -=item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once? +=item Freely available locale definitions -=item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me? +=item I18n and l10n -=item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down? +=item An imperfect standard -=item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression? +=back -=item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant? +=item Unicode and UTF-8 -=item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context? +=item BUGS -=item How can I match strings with multibyte characters? +=over 4 -=item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user? +=item Broken systems =back -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item SEE ALSO + +=item HISTORY =back -=head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.4 $, $Date: 2001/11/07 -02:27:50 $) +=head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction =over 4 @@ -3289,516 +3284,571 @@ file? =over 4 -=item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language? +=item Unicode -=item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to -use them? +=item Perl's Unicode Support -=item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and -commas? +=item Perl's Unicode Model -=item How do I skip some return values? +=item Unicode and EBCDIC -=item How do I temporarily block warnings? +=item Creating Unicode -=item What's an extension? +=item Handling Unicode -=item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators? +=item Legacy Encodings -=item How do I declare/create a structure? +=item Unicode I/O -=item How do I create a module? +=item Displaying Unicode As Text -=item How do I create a class? - -=item How can I tell if a variable is tainted? - -=item What's a closure? +=item Special Cases -=item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it? +=item Advanced Topics -=item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method, -Regex}? +=item Miscellaneous -Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes, -Passing Methods +=item Questions With Answers -=item How do I create a static variable? +=item Hexadecimal Notation -=item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? -Between local() and my()? +=item Further Resources -=item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical -is in scope? +=back -=item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding? +=item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS -=item Why doesn't "my($foo) = ;" work right? +=item SEE ALSO -=item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method? +=item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -=item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()? +=item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE -=item How do I create a switch or case statement? +=back -=item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods? +=head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl -=item Why can't a method included in this same file be found? +=over 4 -=item How can I find out my current package? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item How can I comment out a large block of perl code? +=over 4 -=item How do I clear a package? +=item Important Caveats -=item How can I use a variable as a variable name? +Input and Output Layers, Regular Expressions, C still needed to +enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts -=back +=item Byte and Character Semantics -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item Effects of Character Semantics -=back +=item Scripts -=head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.4 $, $Date: 2001/11/09 -08:06:04 $) +=item Blocks -=over 4 +=item User-Defined Character Properties -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Character Encodings for Input and Output -=over 4 +=item Unicode Regular Expression Support Level -=item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under? +=item Unicode Encodings -=item How come exec() doesn't return? +=item Security Implications of Unicode -=item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse? +=item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC -Keyboard, Screen, Mouse +=item Locales -=item How do I print something out in color? +=item When Unicode Does Not Happen -=item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key? +=item Forcing Unicode in Perl (Or Unforcing Unicode in Perl) -=item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard? +=item Using Unicode in XS -=item How do I clear the screen? +=back -=item How do I get the screen size? +=item BUGS -=item How do I ask the user for a password? +=over 4 -=item How do I read and write the serial port? +=item Interaction with Locales -lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input +=item Interaction with Extensions -=item How do I decode encrypted password files? +=item Speed -=item How do I start a process in the background? +=item Porting code from perl-5.6.X -STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies +=back -=item How do I trap control characters/signals? +=item SEE ALSO -=item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system? +=back -=item How do I set the time and date? +=head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms -=item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second? +=over 4 -=item How can I measure time under a second? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling) +=item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS -=item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What -does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean? +=over 4 -=item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl? +=item ASCII -=item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()? +=item ISO 8859 -=item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems? +=item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1) -=item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command? +=item EBCDIC -=item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()? +=item 13 variant characters -=item How can I capture STDERR from an external command? +=item 0037 -=item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails? +=item 1047 -=item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context? +=item POSIX-BC -=item How can I call backticks without shell processing? +=item Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points -=item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, -^Z on MS-DOS)? +=item Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC -=item How can I convert my shell script to perl? +=item Unicode and UTF -=item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session? +=item Using Encode -=item How can I write expect in Perl? +=back -=item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as -"ps"? +=item SINGLE OCTET TABLES -=item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How -come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my -changes to be visible? +recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6 -Unix +=item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS -=item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to -complete? +=item CONVERSIONS -=item How do I fork a daemon process? +=over 4 -=item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not? +=item tr/// -=item How do I timeout a slow event? +=item iconv -=item How do I set CPU limits? +=item C RTL -=item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system? +=back -=item How do I use an SQL database? +=item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES -=item How do I make a system() exit on control-C? +=item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES -=item How do I open a file without blocking? +chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack() -=item How do I install a module from CPAN? +=item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES -=item What's the difference between require and use? +=item SOCKETS -=item How do I keep my own module/library directory? +=item SORTING -=item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library -search path? +=over 4 -=item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime? +=item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences. -=item What is socket.ph and where do I get it? +=item MONO CASE then sort data. -=back +=item Convert, sort data, then re convert. -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item Perform sorting on one type of machine only. =back -=head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.5 $, $Date: 2001/11/09 08:06:04 -$) +=item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS =over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION - -=over 4 +=item URL decoding and encoding -=item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script? +=item uu encoding and decoding -=item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500 -Server Error) +=item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding -=item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program? +=item Caesarian ciphers -=item How do I remove HTML from a string? +=back -=item How do I extract URLs? +=item Hashing order and checksums -=item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a -file on another machine? +=item I18N AND L10N -=item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML? +=item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS -=item How do I fetch an HTML file? +=item OS ISSUES -=item How do I automate an HTML form submission? +=over 4 -=item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web? +=item OS/400 -=item How do I redirect to another page? +PASE, IFS access -=item How do I put a password on my web pages? +=item OS/390, z/OS -=item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl? +chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales -=item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my -CGI script to do bad things? +=item VM/ESA? -=item How do I parse a mail header? +=item POSIX-BC? -=item How do I decode a CGI form? +=back -=item How do I check a valid mail address? +=item BUGS -=item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string? +=item SEE ALSO -=item How do I return the user's mail address? +=item REFERENCES -=item How do I send mail? +=item HISTORY -=item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message? +=item AUTHOR -=item How do I read mail? +=back -=item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address? +=head2 perlsec - Perl security -=item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups? +=over 4 -=item How do I fetch/put an FTP file? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item How can I do RPC in Perl? +=over 4 -=back +=item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data -=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT +=item Switches On the "#!" Line -=back +=item Cleaning Up Your Path -=head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator +=item Security Bugs -=over 4 +=item Protecting Your Programs -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Unicode -=over 4 +=item Algorithmic Complexity Attacks -=item Layout +=back -B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref +=item SEE ALSO =back -=item Using The Back Ends +=head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables) =over 4 -=item The Cross Referencing Back End +=item DESCRIPTION -i, &, s, r +=over 4 -=item The Decompiling Back End +=item Packages -=item The Lint Back End +=item Symbol Tables -=item The Simple C Back End +=item Package Constructors and Destructors -=item The Bytecode Back End +=item Perl Classes -=item The Optimized C Back End +=item Perl Modules -B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, -B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, -B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref +=item Making your module threadsafe =back -=item KNOWN PROBLEMS - -=item AUTHOR +=item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program +=head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones =over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY =over 4 -=item PREAMBLE - -B, B, B, B, B - -=item ROADMAP +=item Pragmatic Modules -=item Compiling your C program +assertions, assertions::activate, attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint, +bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding, +fields, filetest, if, integer, less, lib, locale, open, ops, overload, re, +sigtrap, sort, strict, subs, threads, threads::shared, utf8, vars, version, +vmsish, warnings, warnings::register -=item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program +=item Standard Modules -=item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program +AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, +B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug, +B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, +B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, +CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util, +CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA, +Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Data::Dumper, Devel::DProf, +Devel::PPPort, Devel::Peek, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, Digest::MD5, +DirHandle, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, Encode, Encode::Alias, Encode::Byte, +Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CN, Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::Config, +Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Encoder, Encode::Encoding, Encode::Guess, +Encode::JP, Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::KR, +Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::PerlIO, +Encode::Supported, Encode::Symbol, Encode::TW, Encode::Unicode, +Encode::Unicode::UTF7, English, Env, Errno, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, +ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM, ExtUtils::Constant, +ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, +ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_Any, ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, +ExtUtils::MM_DOS, ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, +ExtUtils::MM_UWIN, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32, +ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, +ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial, +ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish, +ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, +ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, +File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, +File::Glob, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc, +File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, +File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, +FileHandle, Filter::Simple, Filter::Util::Call, FindBin, GDBM_File, +Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util, I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags, +I18N::LangTags::List, I18N::Langinfo, IO, IO::Dir, IO::File, IO::Handle, +IO::Pipe, IO::Poll, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IO::Socket::INET, +IO::Socket::UNIX, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, IPC::SysV, IPC::SysV::Msg, +IPC::SysV::Semaphore, List::Util, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, +Locale::Currency, Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext, +Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Locale::Script, MIME::Base64, +MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, +Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::BigInt::Scalar, Math::BigRat, Math::Complex, +Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire, +Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File, +Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Cmd, +Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3, +Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent, +Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO, +PerlIO::encoding, PerlIO::scalar, PerlIO::via, PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint, +Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, +Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, +Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker, Pod::Perldoc::ToMan, Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff, +Pod::Perldoc::ToPod, Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf, Pod::Perldoc::ToText, +Pod::Perldoc::ToTk, Pod::Perldoc::ToXml, Pod::PlainText, Pod::Plainer, +Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike, +Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Scalar::Util, +Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch, +Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, +Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Builder, Test::Harness, +Test::Harness::Assert, Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Straps, +Test::More, Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, +Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread, +Thread::Queue, Thread::Semaphore, Thread::Signal, Thread::Specific, +Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash, +Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::HiRes, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, +Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, +Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32, XS::APItest, XS::Typemap, +XSLoader -=item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program +=item Extension Modules -=item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program +=back -=item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program +=item CPAN -=item Maintaining a persistent interpreter +=over 4 -=item Execution of END blocks +=item Africa -=item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances +South Africa -=item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C -program +=item Asia -=back +China, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Russian Federation, Saudi +Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand -=item Embedding Perl under Win32 +=item Central America -=item MORAL +Costa Rica -=item AUTHOR +=item Europe -=item COPYRIGHT +Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech +Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, +Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, +Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, +Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom -=back +=item North America -=head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging +Canada, Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Mexico, United States, +Alabama, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, +Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, +North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, +Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin -=over 4 +=item Oceania -=item DESCRIPTION +Australia, New Zealand, United States -=item Debugger Internals +=item South America -=over 4 +Argentina, Brazil, Chile -=item Writing Your Own Debugger +=item RSYNC Mirrors =back -=item Frame Listing Output Examples - -=item Debugging regular expressions +=item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse =over 4 -=item Compile-time output +=item Guidelines for Module Creation -C I C I, C I C -I, C, C, C -I, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C +=item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules -=item Types of nodes +=item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code -=item Run-time output +=back + +=item NOTE =back -=item Debugging Perl memory usage +=head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide =over 4 -=item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}> +=item INTRODUCTION -C, Free/Used, C, C, C, C, C +=item QUICK CHECKLIST -=item Example of using B<-DL> switch +=over 4 -C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704> +=item Before you start -=item B<-DL> details +=item The API -C, C, C +=item Stability -=item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics +=item Documentation + +=item Release considerations =back -=item SEE ALSO +=item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE + +=over 4 + +=item Has it been done before? + +=item Do one thing and do it well + +=item What's in a name? =back -=head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs +=item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE =over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item To OO or not to OO? -=item SPECIAL NOTES +=item Designing your API -=over 4 +Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from +output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions, +Parameter passing -=item make +=item Strictness and warnings -=item Version caveat +=item Backwards compatibility -=item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading +=item Error handling and messages =back -=item TUTORIAL +=item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE =over 4 -=item EXAMPLE 1 +=item POD -=item EXAMPLE 2 +=item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs -=item What has gone on? +perl Makefile.PL, make, make test, make install, perl Build.PL, perl Build, +perl Build test, perl Build install -=item Writing good test scripts +=back -=item EXAMPLE 3 +=item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS -=item What's new here? +=over 4 -=item Input and Output Parameters +=item Version numbering -=item The XSUBPP Program +=item Pre-requisites -=item The TYPEMAP file +=item Testing -=item Warning about Output Arguments +=item Packaging -=item EXAMPLE 4 +=item Licensing -=item What has happened here? +=back -=item Anatomy of .xs file +=item COMMON PITFALLS -=item Getting the fat out of XSUBs +=over 4 -=item More about XSUB arguments +=item Reinventing the wheel -=item The Argument Stack +=item Trying to do too much -=item Extending your Extension +=item Inappropriate documentation -=item Documenting your Extension +=back -=item Installing your Extension +=item SEE ALSO -=item EXAMPLE 5 +L, L, L, L, Packaging Tools, +Testing tools, http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software +engineering -=item New Things in this Example +=item AUTHOR -=item EXAMPLE 6 +=back -=item New Things in this Example +=head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules -=item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon) +=over 4 -=item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon) +=item DESCRIPTION -=item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon) +=over 4 -=item Troubleshooting these Examples +=item PREAMBLE -=back +B the file, B the file into a directory, B the +module (sometimes unnecessary), B the module -=item See also +=back -=item Author +=item PORTABILITY -=over 4 +=item HEY -=item Last Changed +=item AUTHOR -=back +=item COPYRIGHT =back -=head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual +=head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution =over 4 @@ -3806,1027 +3856,1065 @@ C, C, C =over 4 -=item Introduction +=item Warning -=item On The Road +=item What should I make into a module? -=item The Anatomy of an XSUB +=item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground -=item The Argument Stack +Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again -=item The RETVAL Variable +=item Step-by-step: Making the module -=item The MODULE Keyword +Start with F, Use L and L, Use +L, Use L - wisely!, Use L, Write tests, Write the README -=item The PACKAGE Keyword +=item Step-by-step: Distributing your module -=item The PREFIX Keyword +Get a CPAN user ID, C, Upload the +tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs! -=item The OUTPUT: Keyword +=back -=item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword +=item AUTHOR -=item The CODE: Keyword +=item SEE ALSO -=item The INIT: Keyword +=back -=item The NO_INIT Keyword +=head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution -=item Initializing Function Parameters +=over 4 -=item Default Parameter Values +=item DESCRIPTION -=item The PREINIT: Keyword +=over 4 -=item The SCOPE: Keyword +=item DOCUMENTATION -=item The INPUT: Keyword +L, L and L, +L and L, L, +L, L, L, +L -=item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords +=item CONVERTORS -=item Variable-length Parameter Lists +L, L, L -=item The C_ARGS: Keyword +=item Administration -=item The PPCODE: Keyword +L -=item Returning Undef And Empty Lists +=item Development -=item The REQUIRE: Keyword +L, L, L and L, +L, L, L -=item The CLEANUP: Keyword +=item SEE ALSO -=item The POSTCALL: Keyword +=back -=item The BOOT: Keyword +=back -=item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword +=head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator -=item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword +=over 4 -=item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword +=item DESCRIPTION -=item The ALIAS: Keyword +=over 4 -=item The INTERFACE: Keyword +=item Layout -=item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword +B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref -=item The INCLUDE: Keyword +=back -=item The CASE: Keyword +=item Using The Back Ends -=item The & Unary Operator +=over 4 -=item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives +=item The Cross Referencing Back End -=item Using XS With C++ +i, &, s, r -=item Interface Strategy +=item The Decompiling Back End -=item Perl Objects And C Structures +=item The Lint Back End -=item The Typemap +=item The Simple C Back End -=item Safely Storing Static Data in XS +=item The Bytecode Back End -MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT +=item The Optimized C Back End =back -=item EXAMPLES +=item Module List for the Compiler Suite -=item XS VERSION +B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, +B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, +B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref + +=item KNOWN PROBLEMS =item AUTHOR =back -=head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions +=head2 perlfilter - Source Filters =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=over 4 +=item CONCEPTS -=item Conventions +=item USING FILTERS -C, C

, C, C +=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER -=item File Operations +=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C -=item File Input and Output +B -=item File Positioning +=item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE -=item Memory Management and String Handling +=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL -=item Character Class Tests +=item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER -=item F functions +=item CONCLUSION -=item Miscellaneous functions +=item THINGS TO LOOK OUT FOR -=back +Some Filters Clobber the C Handle -=item SEE ALSO +=item REQUIREMENTS + +=item AUTHOR + +=item Copyrights =back -=head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API +=head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=item Variables - =over 4 -=item Datatypes - -=item What is an "IV"? - -=item Working with SVs +=item PREAMBLE -=item Offsets +B, B, B, B, B -=item What's Really Stored in an SV? +=item ROADMAP -=item Working with AVs +=item Compiling your C program -=item Working with HVs +=item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program -=item Hash API Extensions +=item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program -=item References +=item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program -=item Blessed References and Class Objects +=item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program -=item Creating New Variables +=item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program -=item Reference Counts and Mortality +=item Maintaining a persistent interpreter -=item Stashes and Globs +=item Execution of END blocks -=item Double-Typed SVs +=item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances -=item Magic Variables +=item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C +program -=item Assigning Magic +=back -=item Magic Virtual Tables +=item Embedding Perl under Win32 -=item Finding Magic +=item Hiding Perl_ -=item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays +=item MORAL -=item Localizing changes +=item AUTHOR -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, -C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, -C, C, C +=item COPYRIGHT =back -=item Subroutines +=head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging =over 4 -=item XSUBs and the Argument Stack - -=item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs - -=item Memory Allocation - -=item PerlIO +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Putting a C value on Perl stack +=item Debugger Internals -=item Scratchpads +=over 4 -=item Scratchpads and recursion +=item Writing Your Own Debugger =back -=item Compiled code +=item Frame Listing Output Examples + +=item Debugging regular expressions =over 4 -=item Code tree +=item Compile-time output -=item Examining the tree +C I C I, C I C +I, C, C, C +I, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C -=item Compile pass 1: check routines +=item Types of nodes -=item Compile pass 1a: constant folding +=item Run-time output -=item Compile pass 2: context propagation +=back -=item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization +=item Debugging Perl memory usage -=item Pluggable runops +=over 4 -=back +=item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}> -=item Examining internal data structures with the C functions +C, Free/Used, C, C, C, C, C -=item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported +=item Example of using B<-DL> switch -=over 4 +C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704> -=item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT +=item B<-DL> details -=item So what happened to dTHR? +C, C, C -=item How do I use all this in extensions? +=item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics -=item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads? +=back -=item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS +=item SEE ALSO =back -=item Internal Functions +=head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs -A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item SPECIAL NOTES =over 4 -=item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs +=item make -=item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer +=item Version caveat -=item Source Documentation +=item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading =back -=item Unicode Support +=item TUTORIAL =over 4 -=item What B Unicode, anyway? +=item EXAMPLE 1 -=item How can I recognise a UTF8 string? +=item EXAMPLE 2 -=item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters? +=item What has gone on? -=item How does Perl store UTF8 strings? +=item Writing good test scripts -=item How do I convert a string to UTF8? +=item EXAMPLE 3 -=item Is there anything else I need to know? +=item What's new here? -=back +=item Input and Output Parameters -=item Custom Operators +=item The XSUBPP Program -=item AUTHORS +=item The TYPEMAP file -=item SEE ALSO +=item Warning about Output Arguments -=back +=item EXAMPLE 4 -=head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C +=item What has happened here? -=over 4 +=item Anatomy of .xs file -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Getting the fat out of XSUBs -An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program +=item More about XSUB arguments -=item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS +=item The Argument Stack -call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv +=item Extending your Extension -=item FLAG VALUES +=item Documenting your Extension -=over 4 +=item Installing your Extension -=item G_VOID +=item EXAMPLE 5 -=item G_SCALAR +=item New Things in this Example -=item G_ARRAY +=item EXAMPLE 6 -=item G_DISCARD +=item New Things in this Example -=item G_NOARGS +=item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon) -=item G_EVAL +=item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon) -=item G_KEEPERR +=item EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes -=item Determining the Context +=item Troubleshooting these Examples =back -=item KNOWN PROBLEMS +=item See also -=item EXAMPLES +=item Author =over 4 -=item No Parameters, Nothing returned +=item Last Changed -=item Passing Parameters +=back -=item Returning a Scalar +=back -=item Returning a list of values +=head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual -=item Returning a list in a scalar context +=over 4 -=item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Using G_EVAL +=over 4 -=item Using G_KEEPERR +=item Introduction -=item Using call_sv +=item On The Road -=item Using call_argv +=item The Anatomy of an XSUB -=item Using call_method +=item The Argument Stack -=item Using GIMME_V +=item The RETVAL Variable -=item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries +=item The MODULE Keyword -=item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information +=item The PACKAGE Keyword -1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of -callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl -callback +=item The PREFIX Keyword -=item Alternate Stack Manipulation +=item The OUTPUT: Keyword -=item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C +=item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword -=back +=item The CODE: Keyword -=item SEE ALSO +=item The INIT: Keyword -=item AUTHOR +=item The NO_INIT Keyword -=item DATE +=item Initializing Function Parameters -=back +=item Default Parameter Values -=head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution +=item The PREINIT: Keyword -=over 4 +=item The SCOPE: Keyword -=item DESCRIPTION +=item The INPUT: Keyword -=over 4 +=item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords -=item DOCUMENTATION +=item The C Keyword -L, L and L, -L and L, L, -L, L, L, -L +=item Variable-length Parameter Lists -=item CONVERTORS +=item The C_ARGS: Keyword -L, L, L +=item The PPCODE: Keyword -=item Administration +=item Returning Undef And Empty Lists -L +=item The REQUIRE: Keyword -=item Development +=item The CLEANUP: Keyword -L, L, L and L, -L, L, L +=item The POSTCALL: Keyword -=item SEE ALSO +=item The BOOT: Keyword -=back +=item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword -=back +=item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword -=head2 perlfilter - Source Filters +=item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword -=over 4 +=item The ALIAS: Keyword -=item DESCRIPTION +=item The OVERLOAD: Keyword -=item CONCEPTS +=item The FALLBACK: Keyword -=item USING FILTERS +=item The INTERFACE: Keyword -=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER +=item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword -=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C +=item The INCLUDE: Keyword -B +=item The CASE: Keyword -=item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE +=item The & Unary Operator -=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL +=item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives -=item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER +=item Using XS With C++ -=item CONCLUSION +=item Interface Strategy -=item REQUIREMENTS +=item Perl Objects And C Structures -=item AUTHOR +=item The Typemap -=item Copyrights +=item Safely Storing Static Data in XS + +MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT =back -=head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters +=item EXAMPLES -=over 4 +=item XS VERSION -=item SYNOPSIS +=item AUTHOR -=item DESCRIPTION +=back -B, B, B, -B +=head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions =over 4 -=item The Filter +=item DESCRIPTION -=item An Example -- the NULL termination problem. +=over 4 -=item Another Example -- Key is a C int. +=item Conventions -=back +C, C

, C, C -=item SEE ALSO +=item File Operations -=item AUTHOR +=item File Input and Output -=back +=item File Positioning -=head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API +=item Memory Management and String Handling -=over 4 +=item Character Class Tests -=item DESCRIPTION +=item F functions -AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill, -av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, -ax, bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv, -call_sv, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, cv_const_sv, dAX, dITEMS, dMARK, -dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND, -fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, getcwd_sv, get_av, get_cv, get_hv, -get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number, -grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, -gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, -G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, -HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, -hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, -hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, -hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, -isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, items, -ix, LEAVE, load_module, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, -mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, New, newAV, -Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, NEWSV, newSV, newSViv, -newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, -newSVuv, newXS, newXSproto, Newz, new_vstring, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, -Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_clone, perl_construct, -perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, PL_modglobal, PL_na, -PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, POPpbytex, POPpx, -POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, -require_pv, RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, scan_bin, -scan_hex, scan_oct, sharedsv_find, sharedsv_init, sharedsv_lock, -sharedsv_new, sharedsv_thrcnt_dec, sharedsv_thrcnt_inc, sharedsv_unlock, -sortsv, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, -strnNE, StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, SvIOK, -SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, -SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVX, SvIVx, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, -SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVx, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, -SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, -SvPVbyte, SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, -SvPVutf8, SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, -SvPVX, SvPVx, SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, -SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, -SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, -SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, svtype, SvTYPE, -SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUOK, -SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVx, SvUVX, sv_2bool, -sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen, -sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv, -sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, -sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags, -sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm, sv_dec, -sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal, sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free, -sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len, -sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nv, -sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force, -sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n, -sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_recode_to_utf8, sv_reftype, sv_replace, -sv_report_used, sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, -sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, -sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, -sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, -sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, -sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, -sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, -sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn, -THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, to_utf8_case, utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, -utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, -utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, -XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, -XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, -XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, -Zero +=item Miscellaneous functions -=item AUTHORS +=back =item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B - Perl functions +=head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -djSP, is_gv_magical, LVRET, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, -PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs, report_uninit, start_glob, sv_add_arena, -sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas - -=item AUTHORS - -=item SEE ALSO - -=back - -=head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers. +=item Variables =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Datatypes -=item DESCRIPTION +=item What is an "IV"? -=over 4 +=item Working with SVs -=item History and Background +=item Offsets -=item Layers vs Disciplines +=item What's Really Stored in an SV? -=item Data Structures +=item Working with AVs -=item Functions and Attributes +=item Working with HVs -=item Per-instance Data +=item Hash API Extensions -=item Layers in action. +=item AVs, HVs and undefined values -=item Per-instance flag bits +=item References -PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR, -PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8, -PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF, -PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS +=item Blessed References and Class Objects -=item Methods in Detail +=item Creating New Variables - IV (*Pushed)(PerlIO *f,const char *mode, SV *arg);, IV - (*Popped)(PerlIO *f);, PerlIO * (*Open)(...);, SV * -(*Getarg)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Fileno)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t -(*Read)(PerlIO *f, void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Unread)(PerlIO -*f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Write)(PerlIO *f, const -void *vbuf, Size_t count);, IV (*Seek)(PerlIO *f, Off_t -offset, int whence);, Off_t (*Tell)(PerlIO *f);, IV - (*Close)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Flush)(PerlIO *f);, IV - (*Fill)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Eof)(PerlIO *f);, IV - (*Error)(PerlIO *f);, void (*Clearerr)(PerlIO *f);, void - (*Setlinebuf)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR * (*Get_base)(PerlIO *f);, -Size_t (*Get_bufsiz)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR * -(*Get_ptr)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t (*Get_cnt)(PerlIO *f);, void - (*Set_ptrcnt)(PerlIO *f,STDCHAR *ptr,SSize_t cnt); +GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN -=item Core Layers +=item Reference Counts and Mortality -"unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8" +=item Stashes and Globs -=item Extension Layers +=item Double-Typed SVs -":encoding", ":Scalar", ":Object" or ":Perl" +=item Magic Variables -=back +=item Assigning Magic -=back +=item Magic Virtual Tables -=head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface. +=item Finding Magic -=over 4 +=item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Localizing changes -=item DESCRIPTION +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, +C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, +C, C, C -1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, -B, B, -B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B +=back + +=item Subroutines =over 4 -=item Co-existence with stdio +=item XSUBs and the Argument Stack -B, B, -B, B +=item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs -=item "Fast gets" Functions +=item Memory Allocation -B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B +=item PerlIO -=item Other Functions +=item Putting a C value on Perl stack -PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers), -'E' read, 'E' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...) +=item Scratchpads -=back +=item Scratchpads and recursion =back -=head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List +=item Compiled code =over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Code tree -=item To do during 5.6.x +=item Examining the tree -=over 4 +=item Compile pass 1: check routines -=item Support for I/O disciplines +=item Compile pass 1a: constant folding -=item Autoload bytes.pm +=item Compile pass 2: context propagation -=item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work +=item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization -=item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags) +=item Pluggable runops -=item Overloadable regex assertions +=back -=item Unicode +=item Examining internal data structures with the C functions -=item use Thread for iThreads +=item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported -=item make perl_clone optionally clone ops +=over 4 -=item Work out exit/die semantics for threads +=item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT -=item Typed lexicals for compiler +=item So what happened to dTHR? -=item Compiler workarounds for Win32 +=item How do I use all this in extensions? -=item AUTOLOADing in the compiler +=item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads? -=item Fixing comppadlist when compiling +=item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS -=item Cleaning up exported namespace +=back -=item Complete signal handling +=item Internal Functions -=item Out-of-source builds +A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x -=item POSIX realtime support +=over 4 -=item UNIX98 support +=item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs -=item IPv6 Support +=item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer -=item Long double conversion +=item Source Documentation -=item Locales +=back -=item Thread-safe regexes +=item Unicode Support -=item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals +=over 4 -=item POSIX Unicode character classes +=item What B Unicode, anyway? -=item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization) +=item How can I recognise a UTF-8 string? -=item Security audit shipped utilities +=item How does UTF-8 represent Unicode characters? -=item Custom opcodes +=item How does Perl store UTF-8 strings? -=item DLL Versioning +=item How do I convert a string to UTF-8? -=item Introduce @( and @) +=item Is there anything else I need to know? -=item Floating point handling +=back -=item IV/UV preservation +=item Custom Operators -=item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser +=item AUTHORS -=item Automate module testing on CPAN +=item SEE ALSO -=item sendmsg and recvmsg +=back -=item Rewrite perlre documentation +=head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C -=item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles +=over 4 -=item Document Win32 choices +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Check new modules +An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program -=item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself +=item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS -=back +call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv -=item To do at some point +=item FLAG VALUES =over 4 -=item Remove regular expression recursion +=item G_VOID -=item Memory leaks after failed eval +=item G_SCALAR -=item pack "(stuff)*" +=item G_ARRAY -=item bitfields in pack +=item G_DISCARD -=item Cross compilation +=item G_NOARGS -=item Perl preprocessor / macros +=item G_EVAL -=item Perl lexer in Perl +=item G_KEEPERR -=item Using POSIX calls internally +=item Determining the Context -=item -i rename file when changed +=back -=item All ARGV input should act like EE +=item KNOWN PROBLEMS -=item Support for rerunning debugger +=item EXAMPLES -=item Test Suite for the Debugger +=over 4 -=item my sub foo { } +=item No Parameters, Nothing returned -=item One-pass global destruction +=item Passing Parameters -=item Rewrite regexp parser +=item Returning a Scalar -=item Cache recently used regexps +=item Returning a list of values -=item Re-entrant functions +=item Returning a list in a scalar context -=item Cross-compilation support +=item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list -=item Bit-shifting bitvectors +=item Using G_EVAL -=item debugger pragma +=item Using G_KEEPERR -=item use less pragma +=item Using call_sv -=item switch structures +=item Using call_argv -=item Cache eval tree +=item Using call_method -=item rcatmaybe +=item Using GIMME_V -=item Shrink opcode tables +=item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries -=item Optimize away @_ +=item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information -=item Prototypes versus indirect objects +1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of +callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl +callback -=item Install HTML +=item Alternate Stack Manipulation -=item Prototype method calls +=item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C -=item Return context prototype declarations +=back -=item magic_setisa +=item SEE ALSO -=item Garbage collection +=item AUTHOR -=item IO tutorial +=item DATE -=item pack/unpack tutorial +=back -=item Rewrite perldoc +=head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API -=item Install .3p manpages +=over 4 -=item Unicode tutorial +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2 +=item "Gimme" Values -=item Retargetable installation +GIMME, GIMME_V, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID -=item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems +=item Array Manipulation Functions -=item Rename Win32 headers +AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill, +av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, +get_av, newAV, Nullav, sortsv -=item Finish off lvalue functions +=item Callback Functions -=item Update sprintf documentation +call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, +FREETMPS, LEAVE, SAVETMPS -=item Use fchown/fchmod internally +=item Character classes -=item Make v-strings overloaded objects +isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, toLOWER, toUPPER -=back +=item Cloning an interpreter -=item Vague ideas +perl_clone -=over 4 +=item CV Manipulation Functions -=item ref() in list context +CvSTASH, get_cv, Nullcv -=item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context +=item Embedding Functions -=item Compile to real threaded code +cv_undef, load_module, nothreadhook, perl_alloc, perl_construct, +perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, require_pv -=item Structured types +=item Functions in file pp_pack.c -=item Modifiable $1 et al. +packlist, pack_cat, unpackstring, unpack_str -=item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc. +=item Global Variables -=item RPC modules +PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes -=item Attach/detach debugger from running program +=item GV Functions -=item Alternative RE syntax module +GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, +gv_fetchmeth_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv -=item GUI::Native +=item Handy Values -=item foreach(reverse ...) +HEf_SVKEY, Nullch, Nullsv -=item Constant function cache +=item Hash Manipulation Functions -=item Approximate regular expression matching +get_hv, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, +HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, +hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, +hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iternext_flags, hv_iterval, +hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, newHV, Nullhv -=back +=item Magical Functions -=item Ongoing +mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, +SvGETMAGIC, SvLOCK, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal, +SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSHARE -=over 4 +=item Memory Management -=item Update guts documentation +Copy, Move, New, Newc, NEWSV, Newz, Poison, Renew, Renewc, Safefree, +savepv, savepvn, savesharedpv, StructCopy, Zero -=item Add more tests +=item Miscellaneous Functions -=item Update auxiliary tools +fbm_compile, fbm_instr, form, getcwd_sv, new_version, scan_version, strEQ, +strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_nolocking, +sv_nosharing, sv_nounlocking, upg_version, vcmp, vnumify, vstringify -=back +=item Numeric functions -=item Recently done things +grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, scan_bin, +scan_hex, scan_oct -=over 4 +=item Optree Manipulation Functions -=item Safe signal handling +cv_const_sv, newCONSTSUB, newXS -=item Tie Modules +=item Pad Data Structures -=item gettimeofday +pad_sv -=item setitimer and getimiter +=item Stack Manipulation Macros -=item Testing __DIE__ hook +dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, EXTEND, MARK, ORIGMARK, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, +POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, +PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XSRETURN, +XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, +XSRETURN_UV, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, +XST_mYES -=item CPP equivalent in Perl +=item SV Flags -=item Explicit switch statements +svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG -=item autocroak +=item SV Manipulation Functions -=item UTF/EBCDIC +get_sv, looks_like_number, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv, +newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv, +SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, +SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIsCOW, +SvIsCOW_shared_hash, SvIV, SvIVX, SvIVx, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, +SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVx, +SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, +SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte, SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, +SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8, SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, +SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVX, SvPVx, SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, +SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, +SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, +SvTRUE, SvTYPE, SvUNLOCK, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, +SvUV, SvUVX, SvUVx, SvVOK, sv_2bool, sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, +sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen, sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, +sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv, sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, +sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, +sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, +sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm, sv_copypv, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, +sv_eq, sv_force_normal, sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, +sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, +sv_magic, sv_magicext, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nv, +sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force, +sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n, +sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace, sv_report_used, sv_reset, +sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, +sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn, +sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, +sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg, +sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, +sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, +sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade, +sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn -=item UTF Regexes +=item Unicode Support -=item perlcc to produce executable +bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, ibcmp_utf8, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, +is_utf8_string_loc, pv_uni_display, sv_cat_decode, sv_recode_to_utf8, +sv_uni_display, to_utf8_case, to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title, +to_utf8_upper, utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, +utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, +uvuni_to_utf8_flags -=item END blocks saved in compiled output +=item Variables created by C and C internal functions -=item Secure temporary file module +ax, CLASS, dAX, dITEMS, dXSARGS, dXSI32, items, ix, newXSproto, RETVAL, ST, +THIS, XS, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK -=item Integrate Time::HiRes +=item Warning and Dieing -=item Turn Cwd into XS +croak, warn -=item Mmap for input +=item AUTHORS -=item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion +=item SEE ALSO -=item Add sockatmark support +=back -=item Mailing list archives +=head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B + Perl functions -=item Bug tracking +=over 4 -=item Integrate MacPerl +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Web "nerve center" for Perl +=item CV reference counts and CvOUTSIDE -=item Regular expression tutorial +CvWEAKOUTSIDE -=item Debugging Tutorial +=item Functions in file pad.h -=item Integrate new modules +CX_CURPAD_SAVE, CX_CURPAD_SV, PAD_BASE_SV, PAD_CLONE_VARS, +PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS, PAD_COMPNAME_GEN, PAD_COMPNAME_OURSTASH, +PAD_COMPNAME_PV, PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE, PAD_DUP, PAD_RESTORE_LOCAL, +PAD_SAVE_LOCAL, PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD, PAD_SETSV, PAD_SET_CUR, PAD_SV, +PAD_SVl, SAVECLEARSV, SAVECOMPPAD, SAVEPADSV -=item Integrate profiler +=item Functions in file pp_ctl.c -=item Y2K error detection +find_runcv -=item Regular expression debugger +=item Global Variables -=item POD checker +PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, +PL_rs -=item "Dynamic" lexicals +=item GV Functions -=item Cache precompiled modules +is_gv_magical -=back +=item IO Functions -=item Deprecated Wishes +start_glob -=over 4 +=item Pad Data Structures -=item Loop control on do{} +CvPADLIST, cv_clone, cv_dump, do_dump_pad, intro_my, pad_add_anon, +pad_add_name, pad_alloc, pad_block_start, pad_check_dup, pad_findlex, +pad_findmy, pad_fixup_inner_anons, pad_free, pad_leavemy, pad_new, +pad_push, pad_reset, pad_setsv, pad_swipe, pad_tidy, pad_undef -=item Lexically scoped typeglobs +=item Stack Manipulation Macros -=item format BOTTOM +djSP, LVRET -=item report HANDLE +=item SV Manipulation Functions -=item Generalised want()/caller()) +report_uninit, sv_add_arena, sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas -=item Named prototypes +=item AUTHORS -=item Built-in globbing +=item SEE ALSO -=item Regression tests for suidperl +=back -=item Cached hash values +=head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers. -=item Add compression modules +=over 4 -=item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references +=item SYNOPSIS -=item Remove distinction between functions and operators +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Make XS easier to use +=over 4 -=item Make embedding easier to use +=item History and Background -=item man for perl +=item Layers vs Disciplines -=item my $Package::variable +=item Data Structures -=item "or" tests defined, not truth +=item Functions and Attributes -=item "class"-based lexicals +=item Per-instance Data -=item byteperl +=item Layers in action. -=item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal +=item Per-instance flag bits -=item Make "use utf8" the default +PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR, +PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8, +PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF, +PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS -=item Unicode collation and normalization +=item Methods in Detail -=item Create debugging macros +fsize, name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_RAW, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF, +PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, Pushed, Popped, Open, Binmode, +Getarg, Fileno, Dup, Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof, +Error, Clearerr, Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt, +Set_ptrcnt -=back +=item Implementing PerlIO Layers -=back +C implementations, Perl implementations -=head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals +=item Core Layers -=over 4 +"unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8" + +=item Extension Layers + +":encoding", ":scalar", ":via" + +=back + +=item TODO + +=back + +=head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface. + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, +B, B, +B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B + +=over 4 + +=item Co-existence with stdio + +B, B, +B, B + +=item "Fast gets" Functions + +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B + +=item Other Functions + +PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers), +'E' read, 'E' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...) + +=back + +=back + +=head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals + +=over 4 =item DESCRIPTION @@ -4847,17 +4935,14 @@ NFS, rsync'ing the patches =item Why rsync the source tree -It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more recent, It's more reliable +It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more reliable =item Why rsync the patches It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour -=item Perlbug remote interface - -1 http://bugs.perl.org, 2 bugdb@perl.org, 3 -commands_and_bugdids@bugs.perl.org, notes, patches, tests +=item Perlbug administration =item Submitting patches @@ -4882,6 +4967,8 @@ Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack =item Millions of Macros +=item The .i Targets + =item Poking at Perl =item Using a source-level debugger @@ -4889,6 +4976,8 @@ Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue, finish, 'enter', print +=item gdb macro support + =item Dumping Perl Data Structures =item Patching @@ -4900,7 +4989,19 @@ finish, 'enter', print =item Writing a test F, F, F, F, F, F, -F, F, t/base t/comp, t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib +F, F, F, F, F, t/base t/comp, +t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib + +=item Special Make Test Targets + +coretest, test.deparse, minitest, test.valgrind check.valgrind +utest.valgrind ucheck.valgrind, test.third check.third utest.third +ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8 check.utf8, +test_harness + +=item Running tests by hand + +PERL_CORE=1, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL=2, PERL, PERL_SKIP_TTY_TEST =back @@ -4918,7 +5019,9 @@ F, F, t/base t/comp, t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug -=item Compaq's/Digital's Third Degree +=item valgrind + +=item Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL @@ -4935,6 +5038,8 @@ DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage, -z[ero] +=item Miscellaneous tricks + =item CONCLUSION I @@ -4945,462 +5050,454 @@ I =back -=head2 perlhist - the Perl history records +=head2 perlbook - Perl book information =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION -=item INTRODUCTION - -=item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN - -=over 4 - -=item PUMPKIN? - =back -=item THE RECORDS +=head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List =over 4 -=item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES +=item DESCRIPTION -=item SELECTED PATCH SIZES +=item To do during 5.6.x -=back +=over 4 -=item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS +=item Support for I/O disciplines -=back +=item Autoload bytes.pm -=head2 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.0 +=item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work -=over 4 +=item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags) -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Overloadable regex assertions -=item Highlights In 5.8.0 +=item Unicode -=item Incompatible Changes +=item Work out exit/die semantics for threads -=over 4 +=item Better support for nonpreemptive threading systems like GNU pth -=item 64-bit platforms and malloc +=item Typed lexicals for compiler -=item AIX Dynaloading +=item Compiler workarounds for Win32 -=item Attributes for C variables now handled at run-time. +=item AUTOLOADing in the compiler -=item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS +=item Fixing comppadlist when compiling -=item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha +=item Cleaning up exported namespace -=item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...} +=item Complete signal handling -=item Perl Parser Stress Tested +=item Out-of-source builds -=item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...) +=item POSIX realtime support -=item Deprecations +=item UNIX98 support -=back +=item IPv6 Support -=item Core Enhancements +=item Long double conversion -=over 4 +=item Locales -=item PerlIO is Now The Default +=item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals -=item Signals Are Now Safe +=item POSIX Unicode character classes -=item Unicode Overhaul +=item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization) -=item Understanding of Numbers +=item Security audit shipped utilities -=item Miscellaneous Enhancements +=item Sort out the uid-setting mess -=back +=item Custom opcodes -=item Modules and Pragmata +=item DLL Versioning -=over 4 +=item Introduce @( and @) -=item New Modules and Pragmata +=item Floating point handling -=item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata +=item IV/UV preservation -=back +=item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser -=item Utility Changes +=item Automate module testing on CPAN -=item New Documentation +=item sendmsg and recvmsg -=item Performance Enhancements +=item Rewrite perlre documentation -=item Installation and Configuration Improvements +=item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles -=over 4 +=item Document Win32 choices -=item Generic Improvements +=item Check new modules -=item New Or Improved Platforms +=item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself =back -=item Selected Bug Fixes +=item To do at some point =over 4 -=item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes +=item Remove regular expression recursion -=back +=item Memory leaks after failed eval -=item New or Changed Diagnostics +=item bitfields in pack -=item Changed Internals +=item Cross compilation -=item Security Vulnerability Closed +=item Perl preprocessor / macros -=item New Tests +=item Perl lexer in Perl -=item Known Problems +=item Using POSIX calls internally -=over 4 +=item -i rename file when changed -=item AIX +=item All ARGV input should act like EE -=item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery +=item Support for rerunning debugger -=item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure' +=item Test Suite for the Debugger -=item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12 +=item my sub foo { } -=item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured +=item One-pass global destruction -=item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured +=item Rewrite regexp parser -=item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48 +=item Cache recently used regexps -=item Mac OS X +=item Cross-compilation support -=item OS/390 +=item Bit-shifting bitvectors -=item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130 +=item debugger pragma -=item Failure of Thread tests +=item use less pragma -=item UNICOS +=item switch structures -=item UTS +=item Cache eval tree -=item VMS +=item rcatmaybe -=item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory +=item Shrink opcode tables -=item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken +=item Optimize away @_ -=item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden +=item Prototypes versus indirect objects -=item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles +=item Install HTML -=item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty +=item Prototype method calls -=item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental +=item Return context prototype declarations -=item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental +=item magic_setisa -=back +=item Garbage collection -=item Reporting Bugs +=item IO tutorial -=item SEE ALSO +=item Rewrite perldoc -=item HISTORY +=item Install .3p manpages -=back +=item Unicode tutorial -=head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2 +=item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2 -=over 4 +=item Retargetable installation -=item DESCRIPTION +=item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems -=item Security Vulnerability Closed +=item Rename Win32 headers -=item Incompatible Changes +=item Finish off lvalue functions -=over 4 +=item Update sprintf documentation -=item 64-bit platforms and malloc +=item Use fchown/fchmod internally -=item AIX Dynaloading +=item Make v-strings overloaded objects -=item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS +=item Allow restricted hash assignment -=item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...} +=item Should overload be inheritable? -=item Deprecations +=item Taint rethink -=back +=item Perform correctly when XSUBs call subroutines that exit via +goto(LABEL) and friends -=item Core Enhancements +=back -=item Modules and Pragmata +=item Vague ideas =over 4 -=item New Modules and Distributions +=item ref() in list context -=item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata +=item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context -=back +=item Compile to real threaded code -=item Utility Changes +=item Structured types -=item New Documentation +=item Modifiable $1 et al. -=item Installation and Configuration Improvements - -=over 4 +=item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc. -=item New Or Improved Platforms +=item RPC modules -=item Generic Improvements +=item Attach/detach debugger from running program -=back +=item GUI::Native -=item Selected Bug Fixes +=item foreach(reverse ...) -=over 4 +=item Constant function cache -=item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes +=item Approximate regular expression matching =back -=item New or Changed Diagnostics - -=item Source Code Enhancements +=item Ongoing =over 4 -=item MAGIC constants - -=item Better commented code +=item Update guts documentation -=item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up +=item Add more tests -=item gcc -Wall +=item Update auxiliary tools -=back +=item Create debugging macros -=item New Tests +=item truncate to the people -=item Known Problems +=item Unicode in Filenames -=over 4 +=back -=item AIX +=item Unicode in %ENV -=item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery +=item Recently done things -=item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure' +=over 4 -=item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12 +=item Alternative RE syntax module -=item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured +=item Safe signal handling -=item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured +=item Tie Modules -=item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48 +=item gettimeofday -=item OS/390 +=item setitimer and getimiter -=item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130 +=item Testing __DIE__ hook -=item Failure of Thread tests +=item CPP equivalent in Perl -=item UNICOS +=item Explicit switch statements -=item UTS +=item autocroak -=item VMS +=item UTF/EBCDIC -=item Win32 +=item UTF Regexes -=item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory +=item perlcc to produce executable -=item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden +=item END blocks saved in compiled output -=item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing +=item Secure temporary file module -=item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles +=item Integrate Time::HiRes -=item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental +=item Turn Cwd into XS -=item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental +=item Mmap for input -=back +=item Byte to/from UTF-8 and UTF-8 to/from local conversion -=item Reporting Bugs +=item Add sockatmark support -=item SEE ALSO +=item Mailing list archives -=item HISTORY +=item Bug tracking -=back +=item Integrate MacPerl -=head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1 +=item Web "nerve center" for Perl -=over 4 +=item Regular expression tutorial -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Debugging Tutorial -=item Security Vulnerability Closed +=item Integrate new modules -=item Incompatible Changes +=item Integrate profiler -=item Core Enhancements +=item Y2K error detection -=over 4 +=item Regular expression debugger -=item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable +=item POD checker -=item PerlIO is Now The Default +=item "Dynamic" lexicals -=item Signals Are Now Safe +=item Cache precompiled modules =back -=item Modules and Pragmata +=item Deprecated Wishes =over 4 -=item New Modules +=item Loop control on do{} -=item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata +=item Lexically scoped typeglobs -=back +=item format BOTTOM -=item Performance Enhancements +=item report HANDLE -=item Utility Changes +=item Generalised want()/caller()) -=item New Documentation +=item Named prototypes -=over 4 +=item Built-in globbing -=item perlclib +=item Regression tests for suidperl -=item perliol +=item Cached hash values -=item README.aix +=item Add compression modules -=item README.bs2000 +=item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references -=item README.macos +=item Remove distinction between functions and operators -=item README.mpeix +=item Make XS easier to use -=item README.solaris +=item Make embedding easier to use -=item README.vos +=item man for perl -=item Porting/repository.pod +=item my $Package::variable -=back +=item "or" tests defined, not truth -=item Installation and Configuration Improvements +=item "class"-based lexicals -=over 4 +=item byteperl -=item New Or Improved Platforms +=item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal -=item Generic Improvements +=item Make "use utf8" the default -d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s, -need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark, -d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep +=item Unicode collation and normalization + +=item pack/unpack tutorial =back -=item Selected Bug Fixes +=back + +=head2 perldoc - Look up Perl documentation in Pod format. =over 4 -=item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes +=item SYNOPSIS -=back +=item DESCRIPTION -=item New or Changed Diagnostics +=item OPTIONS -=item Changed Internals +B<-h>, B<-v>, B<-t>, B<-u>, B<-m> I, B<-l>, B<-F>, B<-f> +I, B<-q> I, B<-T>, B<-d> +I, B<-o> I, B<-M> I, +B<-w> I or B<-w> I

    tag), 4. end_ul() (generates +a
tag) + +=back + +=item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS =over 4 -=item Subroutine Stubs +=item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER: -=item Using B's AUTOLOAD Subroutine +=item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER -=item Overriding B's AUTOLOAD Subroutine +=item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER -=item Package Lexicals +B, 4, 5, 6.. -=item Not Using AutoLoader +=item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT: -=item B vs. B +=item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION: -=back +=item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL -=item CAVEATS +B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query> +(B<-query_string>), B<-base> -=item SEE ALSO +=item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS =back -=head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading +=item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS: =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS -=item DESCRIPTION +=item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS -$keep, $check, $modtime +=item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION -=over 4 +=item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS -=item Multiple packages +=item AUTOESCAPING HTML -=back +$escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset = +charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]); -=item DIAGNOSTICS +=item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML =back -=head2 B - The Perl Compiler +=item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS: =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG -=item DESCRIPTION +=item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM -=item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES +B, B -=over 4 +=item CREATING A TEXT FIELD -=item SV-RELATED CLASSES +B + +=item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD -=item B::SV METHODS +=item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD -REFCNT, FLAGS +=item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD -=item B::IV METHODS +B -IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv +=item CREATING A POPUP MENU -=item B::NV METHODS +=item CREATING AN OPTION GROUP -NV, NVX +=item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST -=item B::RV METHODS +B -RV +=item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES -=item B::PV METHODS +B -PV, PVX +=item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX -=item B::PVMG METHODS +B -MAGIC, SvSTASH +=item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP -=item B::MAGIC METHODS +B -MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR +=item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON -=item B::PVLV METHODS +B -TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG +=item CREATING A RESET BUTTON -=item B::BM METHODS +=item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON -USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE +=item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD -=item B::GV METHODS +B -is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN, -LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS +=item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON -=item B::IO METHODS +B, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment +type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE -LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV, -BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS +=item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON -=item B::AV METHODS +=back -FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS +=item HTTP COOKIES -=item B::CV METHODS +1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag, +B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure> -STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY, -CvFLAGS, const_sv +=item WORKING WITH FRAMES -=item B::HV METHODS +1. Create a document, 2. Specify the destination for the +document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in +the
tag -FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY +=item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS -=item OP-RELATED CLASSES +=item DEBUGGING -=item B::OP METHODS +=over 4 -next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private +=item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS -=item B::UNOP METHOD +=back -first +=item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES -=item B::BINOP METHOD +B, B, B, B, +B, B, B Return the script +name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, B, B, B, B, B, +B, B, B, +B, B, B, B -last +=item USING NPH SCRIPTS -=item B::LOGOP METHOD +In the B statement, By calling the B method:, By using B<-nph> +parameters -other +=item Server Push -=item B::LISTOP METHOD +multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final() -children +=item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks -=item B::PMOP METHODS +B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script +basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts> -pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp +=item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL -=item B::SVOP METHOD +=item AUTHOR INFORMATION -sv, gv +=item CREDITS -=item B::PADOP METHOD +Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor +(james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish , Mike Jewell +(mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg +(jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick +(applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis +(tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen +(tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim +MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks +(kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed +Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug +MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org), +...and many many more.. -padix +=item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT -=item B::PVOP METHOD +=item BUGS -pv +=item SEE ALSO -=item B::LOOP METHODS +=back -redoop, nextop, lastop +=head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm + +=over 4 -=item B::COP METHODS +=item SYNOPSIS -label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line +=item ABSTRACT -=back +=item DESCRIPTION -=item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C +=item AUTHOR INFORMATION -main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes, -sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG), -walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX), svref_2object(SV), -ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ), -threadsv_names +=item BUGS -=item AUTHOR +=item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate -bytecode +=head2 CGI::Carp, B - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or +other) error log =over 4 @@ -8855,23 +10607,27 @@ bytecode =item DESCRIPTION -=item AUTHOR - -=back +=item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES -=head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode +=item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Changing the default message -=item DESCRIPTION +=back + +=item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS + +=item OVERRIDING THE NAME OF THE PROGRAM =item AUTHORS +=item SEE ALSO + =back -=head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks +=head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies =over 4 @@ -8879,33 +10635,33 @@ bytecode =item DESCRIPTION -=item AUTHOR - -=back +=item USING CGI::Cookie -=head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend +B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag> =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Creating New Cookies -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Sending the Cookie to the Browser -=item OPTIONS +=item Recovering Previous Cookies -B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>, -B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, -B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage> +=item Manipulating Cookies -=item EXAMPLES +B, B, B, B, B + +=back + +=item AUTHOR INFORMATION =item BUGS -=item AUTHORS +=item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend +=head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI =over 4 @@ -8913,20 +10669,29 @@ B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage> =item DESCRIPTION -=item OPTIONS +=item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE -B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>, -B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>, B<-llimit> +=item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS -=item EXAMPLES +=item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS + +=item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS + +=item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION + +FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE + +=item CAVEATS + +=item AUTHOR INFORMATION =item BUGS -=item AUTHOR +=item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend +=head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code =over 4 @@ -8934,76 +10699,71 @@ B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>, B<-llimit> =item DESCRIPTION -=item OPTIONS +=over 4 -B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>, -B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>, -B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On> +=item Tags that won't be formatted -=item EXAMPLES +=item Customizing the Indenting -=item BUGS +=back -=item DIFFERENCES +=item BUGS -=over 4 +=item AUTHOR -=item Loops +=item SEE ALSO -=item Context of ".." +=back -=item Arithmetic +=head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push -=item Deprecated features +=over 4 -=back +=item SYNOPSIS -=item AUTHOR +=item DESCRIPTION -=back +=item USING CGI::Push -=head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops +-next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Heterogeneous Pages -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly -=item OPTIONS +=back -B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>, -B<-main>, B<-base>I, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>, -B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env> +=item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS -=item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS +=item AUTHOR INFORMATION -B<(x(>IB<;>IB<)x)>, B<(*(>IB<)*)>, -B<(*(>IB<;>IB<)*)>, B<(?(>IB<#>IIB<)?)>, -B<#>I, B<#>II, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>, -B<#classym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>, -B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphenseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>, -B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>, -B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>, -B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum> +=item BUGS -=item ABBREVIATIONS +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch =over 4 -=item OP flags abbreviations +=item SYNOPSIS -=item OP class abbreviations +=item ABSTRACT -=back +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item AUTHOR INFORMATION -=item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework +=item BUGS -=item AUTHOR +=item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops +=head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module =over 4 @@ -9011,83 +10771,133 @@ B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum> =item DESCRIPTION -=item AUTHOR +=item AUTHOR INFORMATION + +=item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code +=head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS +=item STATUS + =item DESCRIPTION -=item OPTIONS +=over 4 -B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-f>I, B<-s>I, B, BI, -B, BIB<.>, B<-x>I +=item Interactive Mode -=item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE +Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test, +install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or +distribution, ls author, Signals -=over 4 +=item CPAN::Shell -=item Synopsis +=item autobundle -=item Description +=item recompile -=item new +=item The four C Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution -=item ambient_pragmas +=item Programmer's interface -strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits +expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples -=item coderef2text +=item Methods in the other Classes -=back +CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(), +CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(), +CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(), +CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(), +CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(), +CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(), +CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(), +CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(), +CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(), +CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(), +CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(), +CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(), +CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(), +CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(), +CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(), +CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(), +CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(), +CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(), +CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(), +CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(), +CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args), +CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(), +CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(), +CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(), +CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(), +CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid() -=item BUGS +=item Cache Manager -=item AUTHOR +=item Bundles + +=item Prerequisites + +=item Finding packages and VERSION + +=item Debugging + +=item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode =back -=head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode +=item CONFIGURATION -=over 4 +Cscalar optionE>, Cscalar optionE +EvalueE>, Clist optionE>, Clist +optionE [shift|pop]>, Clist optionE +[unshift|push|splice] ElistE> -=item SYNOPSIS +=over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Note on urllist parameter's format -=item AUTHOR +=item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support =back -=head2 B::Lint - Perl lint +=item SECURITY + +=item EXPORT + +=item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES + +=item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Three basic types of firewalls -=item DESCRIPTION +http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade -=item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS +=item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall -B, B and B, B, -B, B, B, B, B +=back -=item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS +=item FAQ -B<-u Package> +1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10) =item BUGS =item AUTHOR +=item TRANSLATIONS + +=item SEE ALSO + =back -=head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends +=head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization =over 4 @@ -9095,15 +10905,10 @@ B<-u Package> =item DESCRIPTION -=item CONVENTIONS - -=item IMPLEMENTATION - -=item AUTHOR - =back -=head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files +=head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS +module =over 4 @@ -9111,11 +10916,11 @@ B<-u Package> =item DESCRIPTION -=item AUTHOR +=item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend +=head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller) =over 4 @@ -9123,13 +10928,19 @@ B<-u Package> =item DESCRIPTION -=item AUTHOR +=over 4 + +=item Forcing a Stack Trace =back -=head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded +=item BUGS -=head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops +=back + +=head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside + +=head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree =over 4 @@ -9137,11 +10948,21 @@ B<-u Package> =item DESCRIPTION +=item FUNCTIONS + +the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function +Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function +Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS) + +=item CAUTIONARY NOTES + +=item COPYRIGHT + =item AUTHOR =back -=head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs +=head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes =over 4 @@ -9149,29 +10970,30 @@ B<-u Package> =item DESCRIPTION -=item OPTIONS +=over 4 -C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]> +=item The C function -=item BUGS +=item Class Creation at Compile Time -=item AUTHOR +=item Element Types and Accessor Methods -=back +Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or +C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>) -=head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks +=item Initializing with C -=over 4 +=back -=item SYNOPSIS +=item EXAMPLES -=item DESCRIPTION +Example 1, Example 2, Example 3 -=item AUTHOR +=item Author and Modification History =back -=head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code +=head2 Config - access Perl configuration information =over 4 @@ -9179,367 +11001,532 @@ C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]> =item DESCRIPTION -=over 4 +myconfig(), config_sh(), config_re($regex), config_vars(@names) -=item Methods +=item EXAMPLE -new, debug, iters +=item WARNING -=item Standard Exports +=item GLOSSARY -timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ), -timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr ( -TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] ) +=over 4 -=item Optional Exports +=item _ -clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [ -STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE), -disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 ) +C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o> -=back +=item a -=item NOTES +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C -=item EXAMPLES +=item b -=item INHERITANCE +C, C, C, C, C, C, C -=item CAVEATS +=item c -=item SEE ALSO +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C -=item AUTHORS +=item d -=item MODIFICATION HISTORY +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C -=back +=item e -=head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C -=over 4 +=item f -=item SYNOPSIS +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C -=item DESCRIPTION +=item g -=item AUTHOR +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C -=item SEE ALSO +=item h -=back +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C -=head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend +=item i -=over 4 +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C -=item SYNOPSIS +=item k -=item DESCRIPTION +C, C -=item OPTIONS +=item l -B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>, -B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, -B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage> +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C -=item EXAMPLES +=item m -=item BUGS +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C -=item AUTHORS +=item M -=back +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C -=head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class +=item n -=over 4 +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C -=item SYNOPSIS +=item o -=item ABSTRACT +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C -=item DESCRIPTION +=item p -=over 4 +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C -=item PROGRAMMING STYLE +=item P -=item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C -=item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE): +=item q -=item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE +C, C -=item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY: +=item r -=item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT: +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C -=item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER: +=item s -=item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER: +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C -=item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER: +=item t -=item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE: +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C -=item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY: +=item u -=item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS: +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C -=item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST: +=item v -=item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH: +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C -=item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE: +=item x -=item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS +C, C -=item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE +=item y -B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>, -B<:standard>, B<:all> +C, C -=item PRAGMAS +=item z --any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph, --newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug, --private_tempfiles +C, C -=item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS +=back -1. start_table() (generates a tag), 2. end_table() (generates a -
tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a
    tag), 4. end_ul() (generates -a
tag) +=item NOTE =back -=item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS +=head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory =over 4 -=item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER: - -=item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER +=item SYNOPSIS -=item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER +=item DESCRIPTION -B, 4, 5, 6.. +=over 4 -=item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT: +=item getcwd and friends -=item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION: +getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd -=item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL +=item abs_path and friends -B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query> -(B<-query_string>), B<-base> +abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path -=item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS +=item $ENV{PWD} =back -=item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS: - -=over 4 - -=item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS - -=item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS - -=item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION - -=item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS - -=item AUTOESCAPING HTML - -$escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset = -charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]); +=item NOTES -=item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML +=item SEE ALSO =back -=item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS: +=head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft, +subject to +change) =over 4 -=item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG +=item SYNOPSIS -=item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM +=item DESCRIPTION -B, B +=over 4 -=item CREATING A TEXT FIELD +=item Global Variables -B + $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args, +@DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname, +$DB::lineno -=item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD +=item API Methods -=item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD +CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'), +CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done() -=item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD +=item Client Callback Methods -B +CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(), +CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(), +CLIENT->output(LIST) -=item CREATING A POPUP MENU +=back -=item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST +=item BUGS -B +=item AUTHOR -=item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES +=back -B +=head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x -=item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX +=over 4 -B +=item SYNOPSIS -=item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP +=item DESCRIPTION -B +B, B, B -=item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON +=over 4 -B +=item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater -=item CREATING A RESET BUTTON +=item Interface to Berkeley DB -=item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON +=item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File -=item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD +=item Default Parameters -B +=item In Memory Databases -=item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON +=back -B, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment -type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE +=item DB_HASH -=item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON +=over 4 + +=item A Simple Example =back -=item HTTP COOKIES +=item DB_BTREE -1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag, -B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure> +=over 4 -=item WORKING WITH FRAMES +=item Changing the BTREE sort order -1. Create a document, 2. Specify the destination for the -document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in -the tag +=item Handling Duplicate Keys -=item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS +=item The get_dup() Method -=item DEBUGGING +=item The find_dup() Method -=over 4 +=item The del_dup() Method -=item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS +=item Matching Partial Keys =back -=item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES - -B, B, B, B, -B, B, B Return the script -name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, B, B, B, B, B, -B, B, B, -B, B, B, B +=item DB_RECNO -=item USING NPH SCRIPTS +=over 4 -In the B statement, By calling the B method:, By using B<-nph> -parameters +=item The 'bval' Option -=item Server Push +=item A Simple Example -multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final() +=item Extra RECNO Methods -=item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks +B<$X-Epush(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-Epop ;>, B<$X-Eshift>, +B<$X-Eunshift(list) ;>, B<$X-Elength>, B<$X-Esplice(offset, +length, elements);> -B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script -basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts> +=item Another Example -=item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL +=back -=item AUTHOR INFORMATION +=item THE API INTERFACE -=item CREDITS +B<$status = $X-Eget($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = +$X-Eput($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-Edel($key [, +$flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-Efd ;>, B<$status = $X-Eseq($key, +$value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-Esync([$flags]) ;> -Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor -(james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish , Mike Jewell -(mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg -(jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick -(applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis -(tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen -(tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim -MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks -(kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed -Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug -MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org), -...and many many more.. +=item DBM FILTERS -=item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT +B, B, B, +B -=item BUGS +=over 4 -=item SEE ALSO +=item The Filter + +=item An Example -- the NULL termination problem. + +=item Another Example -- Key is a C int. =back -=head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm +=item HINTS AND TIPS =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS - -=item ABSTRACT +=item Locking: The Trouble with fd -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Safe ways to lock a database -=item AUTHOR INFORMATION +B, B, B -=item BUGS +=item Sharing Databases With C Applications -=item SEE ALSO +=item The untie() Gotcha =back -=head2 CGI::Carp, B - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or -other) error log +=item COMMON QUESTIONS =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Why is there Perl source in my database? -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File? -=item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES +=item What does "Invalid Argument" mean? -=item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW +=item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean? -=over 4 +=back -=item Changing the default message +=item REFERENCES -=back +=item HISTORY -=item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS +=item BUGS -=item CHANGE LOG +=item AVAILABILITY -=item AUTHORS +=item COPYRIGHT =item SEE ALSO +=item AUTHOR + =back -=head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies +=head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both +printing and C =over 4 @@ -9547,55 +11534,58 @@ other) error log =item DESCRIPTION -=item USING CGI::Cookie +=over 4 -B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag> +=item Methods -=over 4 +I->new(I, I), I<$OBJ>->Dump I +I->Dump(I, I), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>), +I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>), +I<$OBJ>->Reset -=item Creating New Cookies +=item Functions -=item Sending the Cookie to the Browser +Dumper(I) -=item Recovering Previous Cookies +=item Configuration Variables or Methods -=item Manipulating Cookies +=item Exports -B, B, B, B, B +Dumper =back -=item AUTHOR INFORMATION +=item EXAMPLES =item BUGS -=item SEE ALSO +=over 4 -=back +=item NOTE -=head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI +=back -=over 4 +=item AUTHOR -=item SYNOPSIS +=item VERSION -=item DESCRIPTION +=item SEE ALSO -=item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE +=back -=item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS +=head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler -=item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS +=over 4 -=item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS +=item SYNOPSIS -=item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION +=item DESCRIPTION -FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE +=item PROFILE FORMAT -=item CAVEATS +=item AUTOLOAD -=item AUTHOR INFORMATION +=item ENVIRONMENT =item BUGS @@ -9603,7 +11593,7 @@ FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE =back -=head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code +=head2 Devel::PPPort - Perl/Pollution/Portability =over 4 @@ -9613,13 +11603,11 @@ FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE =over 4 -=item Tags that won't be formatted - -=item Customizing the Indenting +=item WriteFile =back -=item BUGS +=item ppport.h =item AUTHOR @@ -9627,7 +11615,7 @@ FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE =back -=head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push +=head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer =over 4 @@ -9635,47 +11623,49 @@ FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE =item DESCRIPTION -=item USING CGI::Push - --next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph - =over 4 -=item Heterogeneous Pages +=item Runtime debugging -=item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly +=item Memory footprint debugging =back -=item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS +=item EXAMPLES -=item AUTHOR INFORMATION +=over 4 -=item BUGS +=item A simple scalar string -=item SEE ALSO +=item A simple scalar number -=back +=item A simple scalar with an extra reference -=head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch +=item A reference to a simple scalar -=over 4 +=item A reference to an array -=item SYNOPSIS +=item A reference to a hash -=item ABSTRACT +=item Dumping a large array or hash -=item DESCRIPTION +=item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer -=item AUTHOR INFORMATION +=item A reference to a subroutine + +=back + +=item EXPORTS =item BUGS +=item AUTHOR + =item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module +=head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module =over 4 @@ -9683,13 +11673,9 @@ FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE =item DESCRIPTION -=item AUTHOR INFORMATION - -=item SEE ALSO - =back -=head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites +=head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests =over 4 @@ -9697,117 +11683,49 @@ FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE =item DESCRIPTION -=over 4 - -=item Interactive Mode - -Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test, -install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or -distribution, ls author, Signals - -=item CPAN::Shell - -=item autobundle - -=item recompile - -=item The four C Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution - -=item Programmer's interface - -expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples - -=item Methods in the other Classes - -CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(), -CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(), -CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(), -CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(), -CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(), -CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(), -CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(), -CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(), -CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(), -CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(), -CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(), -CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(), -CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(), -CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(), -CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(), -CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(), -CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(), -CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(), -CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(), -CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(), -CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args), -CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(), -CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(), -CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(), -CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(), -CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid() - -=item Cache Manager - -=item Bundles - -=item Prerequisites - -=item Finding packages and VERSION - -=item Debugging - -=item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode - -=back - -=item CONFIGURATION +I, I, I -Cscalar optionE>, Cscalar optionE -EvalueE>, Clist optionE>, Clist -optionE [shift|pop]>, Clist optionE -[unshift|push|splice] ElistE> +=item OO INTERFACE -=over 4 +$ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx = +Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $other_ctx = $ctx->clone, $ctx->reset, +$ctx->add($data,...), $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, +$ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest -=item Note on urllist parameter's format +=item SEE ALSO -=item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support +=item AUTHOR =back -=item SECURITY - -=item EXPORT - -=item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES - -=item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS +=head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm =over 4 -=item Three basic types of firewalls +=item SYNOPSIS -http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade +=item DESCRIPTION -=item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall +=item FUNCTIONS -=back +md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...) -=item FAQ +=item METHODS -1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10) +$md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->clone, $md5->add($data,...), +$md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest -=item BUGS +=item EXAMPLES -=item AUTHOR +=item SEE ALSO -=item TRANSLATIONS +=item COPYRIGHT -=item SEE ALSO +=item AUTHORS =back -=head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization +=head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles =over 4 @@ -9815,10 +11733,11 @@ http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade =item DESCRIPTION +=item NOTES + =back -=head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS -module +=head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data. =over 4 @@ -9826,11 +11745,25 @@ module =item DESCRIPTION -=item SEE ALSO +=over 4 + +=item Creation + +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, C, C, C, +C, C, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit, +stopDbSignal + +=item Methods + +dumpValue, dumpValues, stringify, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, +compactDump, veryCompact, set, get =back -=head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller) +=back + +=head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code =over 4 @@ -9838,389 +11771,271 @@ module =item DESCRIPTION -=over 4 +@dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs, +@dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(), +dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_load_flags(), dl_find_symbol(), +dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(), +bootstrap() -=item Forcing a Stack Trace +=item AUTHOR =back -=item BUGS +=head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into +Perl code -=back +=over 4 -=head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside +=item SYNOPSIS -=head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree +=item DESCRIPTION =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Migration from C -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Backward compatible boilerplate -=item FUNCTIONS +=back -the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function -Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function -Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS) +=item Order of initialization: early load() -=item CAUTIONARY NOTES +=over 4 -=item COPYRIGHT +=item The most hairy case + +=back + +=item LIMITATIONS =item AUTHOR =back -=head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes +=head2 Encode - character encodings =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS -=item DESCRIPTION - =over 4 -=item The C function +=item Table of Contents -=item Class Creation at Compile Time +=back -=item Element Types and Accessor Methods +=item DESCRIPTION -Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or -C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>) +=over 4 -=item Initializing with C +=item TERMINOLOGY =back -=item EXAMPLES +=item PERL ENCODING API -Example 1, Example 2, Example 3 +$octets = encode(ENCODING, $string [, CHECK]), $string = decode(ENCODING, +$octets [, CHECK]), [$length =] from_to($octets, FROM_ENC, TO_ENC [, +CHECK]), $octets = encode_utf8($string);, $string = decode_utf8($octets [, +CHECK]); -=item Author and Modification History +=over 4 + +=item Listing available encodings + +=item Defining Aliases =back -=head2 Config - access Perl configuration information +=item Encoding via PerlIO -=over 4 +=item Handling Malformed Data -=item SYNOPSIS +I = Encode::FB_DEFAULT ( == 0), I = Encode::FB_CROAK ( == 1), +I = Encode::FB_QUIET, I = Encode::FB_WARN, perlqq mode +(I = Encode::FB_PERLQQ), HTML charref mode (I = +Encode::FB_HTMLCREF), XML charref mode (I = Encode::FB_XMLCREF), The +bitmask -=item DESCRIPTION +=over 4 -myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names) +=item Unimplemented fallback schemes -=item EXAMPLE +=back -=item WARNING +=item Defining Encodings -=item GLOSSARY +=item The UTF-8 flag + +Goal #1:, Goal #2:, Goal #3:, Goal #4: =over 4 -=item _ +=item Messing with Perl's Internals -C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o> +is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), _utf8_on(STRING), _utf8_off(STRING) -=item a +=back -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C +=item SEE ALSO -=item b +=item MAINTAINER -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C +=back -=item c +=head2 Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encodings -C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C +=over 4 -=item d +=item SYNOPSIS -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, -C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, -C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C +=item DESCRIPTION -=item e +As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code +reference, e.g.: -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C +=over 4 -=item f +=item Alias overloading -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C +=back -=item g +=item SEE ALSO -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C +=back -=item h +=head2 Encode::Byte - Single Byte Encodings -C, C, C, C +=over 4 -=item i +=item SYNOPSIS -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C +=item ABSTRACT -=item k +=item DESCRIPTION -C, C +=item SEE ALSO -=item l +=back -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C +=head2 Encode::CJKConstants -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_* -=item m +=head2 Encode::CN - China-based Chinese Encodings -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C +=over 4 -=item M +=item SYNOPSIS -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C +=item DESCRIPTION -=item n +=item NOTES -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C +=item BUGS -=item o +=item SEE ALSO -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C +=back -=item p +=head2 Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by Encode::CN -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C +=head2 Encode::Config -- internally used by Encode -=item P +=head2 Encode::EBCDIC - EBCDIC Encodings -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C +=over 4 -=item q +=item SYNOPSIS -C, C +=item ABSTRACT -=item r +=item DESCRIPTION -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C +=item SEE ALSO -=item s +=back -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C +=head2 Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation Base Class -=item t +=over 4 -C, C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C +=item SYNOPSIS -=item u +=item DESCRIPTION -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C +=over 4 -=item v +=item Methods you should implement -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, -C, C, C +-Eencode($string [,$check]), -Edecode($octets [,$check]), +-Ecat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check]) -=item x +=item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings -C, C +-Ename, -Erenew, -Eperlio_ok(), -Eneeds_lines() -=item y +=item Example: Encode::ROT13 -C, C +=back -=item z +=item Why the heck Encode API is different? -C, C +=over 4 + +=item Compiled Encodings =back -=item NOTE +=item SEE ALSO + +Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes =back -=head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory +=head2 Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS +=item ABSTRACT + =item DESCRIPTION -=over 4 +Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects, +Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data), +guess_encoding($data, [, I]) -=item getcwd and friends +=item CAVEATS -getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd +=item TO DO -=item abs_path and friends +=item SEE ALSO -abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path +=back -=item $ENV{PWD} +=head2 Encode::JP - Japanese Encodings + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item ABSTRACT + +=item DESCRIPTION -=back +=item Note on ISO-2022-JP(-1)? -=item NOTES +=item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft, -subject to -change) +=head2 Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP* + +=head2 Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by Encode::JP + +=head2 Encode::KR - Korean Encodings =over 4 @@ -10228,228 +12043,208 @@ change) =item DESCRIPTION -=over 4 +=item BUGS -=item Global Variables +=item SEE ALSO - $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args, -@DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname, -$DB::lineno +=back -=item API Methods +=head2 Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally used by Encode::KR -CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'), -CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done() +=head2 Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding -=item Client Callback Methods +=over 4 -CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(), -CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(), -CLIENT->output(LIST) +=item SYNOPSIS -=back +=item ABSTRACT + +=item DESCRIPTION =item BUGS -=item AUTHOR +=item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x +=head2 Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on Encode and PerlIO =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Overview -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How does it work? -B, B, B +=item Line Buffering =over 4 -=item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater +=item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ? -=item Interface to Berkeley DB +=back -=item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File +=item SEE ALSO -=item Default Parameters +=back -=item In Memory Databases +=head2 Encode::Supported -- Encodings supported by Encode -=back +=over 4 -=item DB_HASH +=item DESCRIPTION =over 4 -=item A Simple Example +=item Encoding Names =back -=item DB_BTREE +=item Supported Encodings =over 4 -=item Changing the BTREE sort order - -=item Handling Duplicate Keys - -=item The get_dup() Method - -=item The find_dup() Method +=item Built-in Encodings -=item The del_dup() Method +=item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings -=item Matching Partial Keys +=item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII -=back +ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for +the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1 -=item DB_RECNO +=item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte) -=over 4 +Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea, +Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN, +Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN -=item The 'bval' Option +=item Miscellaneous encodings -=item A Simple Example +Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess -=item Extra RECNO Methods +=back -B<$X-Epush(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-Epop ;>, B<$X-Eshift>, -B<$X-Eunshift(list) ;>, B<$X-Elength>, B<$X-Esplice(offset, -length, elements);> +=item Unsupported encodings -=item Another Example + ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings, +Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran +System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS, +Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings -=back +=item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology -=item THE API INTERFACE +=item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai) -B<$status = $X-Eget($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = -$X-Eput($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-Edel($key [, -$flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-Efd ;>, B<$status = $X-Eseq($key, -$value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-Esync([$flags]) ;> +=over 4 -=item DBM FILTERS +=item Microsoft-related naming mess -B, B, B, -B +KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS -=over 4 +=back -=item The Filter +=item Glossary -=item An Example -- the NULL termination problem. +character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme +(CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF, +UTF-16 -=item Another Example -- Key is a C int. +=item See Also -=back +=item References -=item HINTS AND TIPS +ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO, +RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary =over 4 -=item Locking: The Trouble with fd +=item Other Notable Sites -=item Safe ways to lock a database +czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org: +"Introduction to i18n" -B, B, B +=item Offline sources -=item Sharing Databases With C Applications +C by Ken Lunde -=item The untie() Gotcha +=back =back -=item COMMON QUESTIONS +=head2 Encode::Symbol - Symbol Encodings =over 4 -=item Why is there Perl source in my database? +=item SYNOPSIS -=item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File? +=item ABSTRACT -=item What does "Invalid Argument" mean? +=item DESCRIPTION -=item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean? +=item SEE ALSO =back -=item REFERENCES +=head2 Encode::TW - Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings -=item HISTORY +=over 4 -=item BUGS +=item SYNOPSIS -=item AVAILABILITY +=item DESCRIPTION -=item COPYRIGHT +=item NOTES -=item SEE ALSO +=item BUGS -=item AUTHOR +=item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both -printing and C +=head2 Encode::Unicode -- Various Unicode Transformation Formats =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS -=item DESCRIPTION +=item ABSTRACT -=over 4 +L says:, Quick Reference -=item Methods +=item Size, Endianness, and BOM -I->new(I, I), I<$OBJ>->Dump I -I->Dump(I, I), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>), -I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>), -I<$OBJ>->Reset +=over 4 -=item Functions +=item by size -Dumper(I) +=item by endianness -=item Configuration Variables or Methods +BOM as integer when fetched in network byte order -$Data::Dumper::Indent I I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Purity I I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Pad I I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Varname I I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Useqq I I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Terse I I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Freezer I $I->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Toaster I $I->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I $I->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I $I->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Bless I $I->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I $I->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Useperl I $I->Useperl(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Sortkeys I $I->Sortkeys(I<[NEWVAL]>), -$Data::Dumper::Deparse I $I->Deparse(I<[NEWVAL]>) +=back -=item Exports +=item Surrogate Pairs -Dumper +=item SEE ALSO =back -=item EXAMPLES +=head2 Encode::Unicode::UTF7 -- UTF-7 encoding -=item BUGS +=over 4 -=item AUTHOR +=item SYNOPSIS -=item VERSION +=item ABSTRACT + +=item In Practice =item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler +=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Alias, Encode::Alias - alias definitions to +encodings =over 4 @@ -10457,19 +12252,30 @@ Dumper =item DESCRIPTION -=item PROFILE FORMAT +As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code +reference, e.g.: -=item AUTOLOAD +=over 4 -=item ENVIRONMENT +=item Alias overloading -=item BUGS +=back =item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 Devel::PPPort, Perl/Pollution/Portability +=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CJKConstants.pm -- +Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_* + +=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by +Encode::CN + +=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Config, Encode::Config -- internally used by +Encode + +=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Encoding, Encode::Encoding - Encode +Implementation Base Class =over 4 @@ -10479,314 +12285,316 @@ Dumper =over 4 -=item WriteFile +=item Methods you should implement -=back +-Eencode($string [,$check]), -Edecode($octets [,$check]), +-Ecat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check]) -=item ppport.h +=item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings -=item AUTHOR +-Ename, -Erenew, -Eperlio_ok(), -Eneeds_lines() -=item SEE ALSO +=item Example: Encode::ROT13 =back -=head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer +=item Why the heck Encode API is different? =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS - -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Compiled Encodings -=over 4 +=back -=item Runtime debugging +=item SEE ALSO -=item Memory footprint debugging +Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes =back -=item EXAMPLES +=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Guess, Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from +data =over 4 -=item A simple scalar string - -=item A simple scalar number - -=item A simple scalar with an extra reference +=item SYNOPSIS -=item A reference to a simple scalar +=item ABSTRACT -=item A reference to an array +=item DESCRIPTION -=item A reference to a hash +Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects, +Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data), +guess_encoding($data, [, I]) -=item Dumping a large array or hash +=item CAVEATS -=item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer +=item TO DO -=item A reference to a subroutine +=item SEE ALSO =back -=item EXPORTS - -=item BUGS - -=item AUTHOR +=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by +Encode::JP::2022_JP* -=item SEE ALSO +=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used +by Encode::JP -=back +=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally +used by Encode::KR -=head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module +=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' +and 'Q' header encoding =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS +=item ABSTRACT + =item DESCRIPTION +=item BUGS + +=item SEE ALSO + =back -=head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests +=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::PerlIO, Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document +on Encode and PerlIO =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Overview -=item DESCRIPTION +=item How does it work? -I, I, I +=item Line Buffering -=item OO INTERFACE +=over 4 -$ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx = -Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...), -$ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest +=item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ? -=item SEE ALSO +=back -=item AUTHOR +=item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm +=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Supported, Encode::Supported -- Encodings +supported by Encode =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS - =item DESCRIPTION -=item FUNCTIONS - -md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...) +=over 4 -=item METHODS +=item Encoding Names -$md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...), -$md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest +=back -=item EXAMPLES +=item Supported Encodings -=item SEE ALSO +=over 4 -=item COPYRIGHT +=item Built-in Encodings -=item AUTHORS +=item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings -=back +=item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII -=head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles +ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for +the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1 -=over 4 +=item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte) -=item SYNOPSIS +Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea, +Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN, +Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Miscellaneous encodings -=item NOTES +Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess =back -=head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data. +=item Unsupported encodings -=over 4 + ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings, +Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran +System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS, +Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai) =over 4 -=item Creation +=item Microsoft-related naming mess -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, C, C, C, -C, C, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit, -stopDbSignal +KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS -=item Methods +=back -dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump, -veryCompact, set, get +=item Glossary -=back +character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme +(CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF, +UTF-16 -=back +=item See Also -=head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code +=item References + +ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO, +RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item Other Notable Sites -=item DESCRIPTION +czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org: +"Introduction to i18n" + +=item Offline sources -@dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs, -@dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(), -dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(), -dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(), -bootstrap() +C by Ken Lunde -=item AUTHOR +=back =back -=head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into -Perl code +=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Unicode::UTF7, Encode::Unicode::UTF7 -- UTF-7 +encoding =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS -=item DESCRIPTION +=item ABSTRACT -=item AUTHOR +=item In Practice + +=item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 Encode - character encodings +=head2 Encode::lib::Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS -=item DESCRIPTION - -=over 4 +=item ABSTRACT -=item TERMINOLOGY +=item Description -=back +=over 4 -=item ENCODINGS +=item Predefined Methods -=over 4 +$e = Encode::Encoder-Enew([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(), +$e-Edata([$data]), $e-Eencoding([$encoding]), +$e-Ebytes([$encoding]) -=item Characteristics of an Encoding +=item Example: base64 transcoder -=item Types of Encodings +=item Operator Overloading -Fixed length 8-bit (or less) encodings, Fixed length 16-bit encodings, -Fixed length 32-bit encodings, Multi-byte encodings, "Escape" encodings +=back -=item Specifying Encodings +=item SEE ALSO -1. By name, 2. As an object +=back -=item Encoding Names +=head2 Encodencoding, encoding - allows you to write your script in +non-ascii or non-utf8 -The MIME name as defined in IETF RFCs, The name in the IANA registry, The -name used by the organization that defined it +=over 4 -=back +=item SYNOPSIS -=item PERL ENCODING API +=item ABSTRACT =over 4 -=item Generic Encoding Interface +=item Literal Conversions -=item Handling Malformed Data +=item PerlIO layers for C -Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes +=back -=item UTF-8 / utf8 +=item FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1 -=item Other Encodings of Unicode +"NON-EUC" doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle -=item Listing available encodings +=item USAGE -=item Defining Aliases +use encoding [I] ;, use encoding I [ STDIN =E +I ...] ;, use encoding I Filter=E1;, no encoding; -As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code -reference, e.g.: +=item The Filter Option -=item Defining Encodings +=over 4 + +=item Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87 =back -=item Encoding and IO +=item CAVEATS -=item Encoding How to ... +=over 4 -IO with mixed content (faking iso-2020-*), MIME's Content-Length:, UTF-8 -strings in binary data, Perl/Encode wrappers on non-Unicode XS modules +=item NOT SCOPED -=item Messing with Perl's Internals +=item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS -is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), valid_utf8(STRING) +=item tr/// with ranges -=item IMPLEMENTATION CLASSES +Legend of characters above --Ename, -Enew_sequence, -Eencode($string,$check), --Edecode($octets,$check) +=back -=over 4 +=item EXAMPLE - Greekperl -=item Compiled Encodings +=item KNOWN PROBLEMS -.enc, .ucm, .ucm, .c, .xs, ascii and iso-8859-*, IBM-1047 and two other -variants of EBCDIC, symbol and dingbats as used by Tk on X11 +literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format -=back +=item HISTORY =item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 Encode::EncodeFormat, EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables -of the Encode extension +=head2 Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder =over 4 -=item DESCRIPTION - -[1] B, [2] B, [3] B, [4] B - -=item KEYWORDS +=item SYNOPSIS -=item COPYRIGHT +=item ABSTRACT -=back +=item Description -=head2 Encode::Tcl - Tcl encodings +=over 4 -=head2 EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables of the Encode extension +=item Predefined Methods -=over 4 +$e = Encode::Encoder-Enew([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(), +$e-Edata([$data]), $e-Eencoding([$encoding]), +$e-Ebytes([$encoding]) -=item DESCRIPTION +=item Example: base64 transcoder -[1] B, [2] B, [3] B, [4] B +=item Operator Overloading -=item KEYWORDS +=back -=item COPYRIGHT +=item SEE ALSO =back @@ -10848,9 +12656,19 @@ arrays =item Selecting What To Export +=item How to Import + +C, C, C + +=back + +=item Advanced features + +=over 4 + =item Specialised Import Lists -=item Exporting without using Export's import method +=item Exporting without using Exporter's import method =item Module Version Checking @@ -10858,6 +12676,8 @@ arrays =item Tag Handling Utility Functions +=item Generating combined tags + =item Ced Constants =back @@ -10868,7 +12688,7 @@ arrays =over 4 -=item SYNOPIS +=item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION @@ -10915,6 +12735,26 @@ test_f file =back +=head2 ExtUtils::Command::MM - Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +B + +=back + +B + +B + +B + +B + =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants =over 4 @@ -10933,6 +12773,8 @@ IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF C_stringify NAME +perl_stringify NAME + constant_types memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT @@ -10947,50 +12789,235 @@ params WHAT dump_names -dogfood +dogfood + +C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item +def_post, utf8 + +XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME + +autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER + +WriteMakefileSnippet + +WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE, +BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME + +=over 4 + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item @EXPORT + +=item FUNCTIONS + +xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(), +ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules) + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Functions + +B + +=back + +=back + +B I + +B + +B + +_autosplit + +=over 4 + +=item ENVIRONMENT + +B + +=item AUTHOR + +=item LICENSE + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item USAGE + +=item FUNCTIONS + +new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(), +packlist(), version() + +=item EXAMPLE + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +For static extensions, For dynamic extensions at build/link time, For +dynamic extensions at load time + +=over 4 + +=item EXTRALIBS + +=item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH + +=item BSLOADLIBS + +=back + +=item PORTABILITY + +=over 4 + +=item VMS implementation + +=item Win32 implementation + +=back + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::MM - OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform agnostic MM methods + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Inherently Cross-Platform Methods + +installvars + +=back + +os_flavor_is + +=over 4 + +=item File::Spec wrappers + +catfile + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item Thought To Be Cross-Platform Methods + +B + +=back + +B + +init_VERSION + +wraplist + +manifypods -C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item -def_post +manifypods_target -XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME +makemakerdflt_target -autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER +special_targets -WriteMakefileSnippet +POD2MAN_macro -WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE, -BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME +test_via_harness -=over 4 +test_via_script -=item AUTHOR +libscan -=back +tool_autosplit -=head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications +all_target -=over 4 +metafile_target -=item SYNOPSIS +metafile_addtomanifest_target -=item DESCRIPTION +=over 4 -=item @EXPORT +=item Abstract methods -=item FUNCTIONS +oneliner, B, B, max_exec_len, +B, init_DIRFILESEP, init_linker, init_platform, +platform_constants -xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(), -ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules) +=back -=item EXAMPLES +os_flavor -=item SEE ALSO +=over 4 =item AUTHOR =back -=head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there +=head2 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in +ExtUtils::MakeMaker =over 4 @@ -11000,7 +13027,12 @@ ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules) =back -=head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules +os_flavor (o) + +init_linker + +=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in +ExtUtils::MakeMaker =over 4 @@ -11008,20 +13040,17 @@ ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules) =item DESCRIPTION -=item USAGE - -=item FUNCTIONS +os_flavor (o) -new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(), -packlist(), version() +=back -=item EXAMPLE +cflags (o) -=item AUTHOR +replace_manpage_separator (o) -=back +init_linker -=head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them +=head2 ExtUtils::MM_DOS - DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix =over 4 @@ -11029,33 +13058,27 @@ packlist(), version() =item DESCRIPTION -For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions - =over 4 -=item EXTRALIBS +=item Overridden methods -=item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH +os_flavor -=item BSLOADLIBS +=back =back -=item PORTABILITY +B =over 4 -=item VMS implementation - -=item Win32 implementation - -=back +=item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back -=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in +=head2 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker =over 4 @@ -11064,56 +13087,68 @@ ExtUtils::MakeMaker =item DESCRIPTION -canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive - =back -=head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in -ExtUtils::MakeMaker +maybe_command -=over 4 +guess_name -=item SYNOPSIS +macify -=item DESCRIPTION +patternify -=back +init_main -catfile +init_others -constants (o) +init_platform, platform_constants -static_lib (o) +init_dirscan -dynamic_bs (o) +init_VERSION (o) -dynamic_lib (o) +special_targets (o) -canonpath +static (o) -perl_script +dlsyms (o) -pm_to_blib +dynamic (o) -test_via_harness (o) +clean (o) -tool_autosplit (override) +clean_subdirs_target -tools_other (o) +realclean (o) -xs_o (o) +realclean_subdirs_target -top_targets (o) +rulez (o) -htmlifypods (o) +processPL (o) -manifypods (o) +os_flavor -dist_ci (o) +=head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in +ExtUtils::MakeMaker -dist_core (o) +=over 4 -pasthru (o) +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +os_flavor + +init_platform (o), platform_constants + +const_cccmd (o) + +static_lib (o) + +dynamic_lib (o) =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker @@ -11126,11 +13161,15 @@ ExtUtils::MakeMaker =item METHODS +init_dist (o) + =back -perl_archive_after +init_linker -=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker +os_flavor + +=head2 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN - U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix =over 4 @@ -11138,40 +13177,54 @@ perl_archive_after =item DESCRIPTION -=item METHODS - =over 4 -=item Preloaded methods +=item Overridden methods -canonpath +os_flavor =back =back -catdir +B -catfile +=over 4 -curdir +=item AUTHOR -rootdir +=item SEE ALSO -updir +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker =over 4 -=item SelfLoaded methods +=item SYNOPSIS -c_o (o) +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item METHODS + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item Methods + +os_flavor (o) =back +c_o (o) + cflags (o) clean (o) +clean_subdirs_target + const_cccmd (o) const_config (o) @@ -11184,6 +13237,10 @@ depend (o) dir_target (o) +init_DEST + +init_dist + dist (o) dist_basics (o) @@ -11192,9 +13249,23 @@ dist_ci (o) dist_core (o) -dist_dir (o) +B + +B + +B + +B + +zipfile_target + +uutardist_target + +shdist_target + +distdir -dist_test (o) +dist_test dlsyms (o) @@ -11208,10 +13279,10 @@ exescan extliblist -file_name_is_absolute - find_perl +find_tests + =over 4 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile @@ -11226,20 +13297,34 @@ guess_name has_link_code -htmlifypods (o) - init_dirscan +init_DIRFILESEP + init_main init_others +init_INST + +init_INSTALL + +init_linker + +init_lib2arch + +init_PERL + +init_platform (o), platform_constants (o) + +init_PERM + +init_xs + install (o) installbin (o) -libscan (o) - linkext (o) lsdir @@ -11250,30 +13335,22 @@ makeaperl (o) makefile (o) -manifypods (o) - maybe_command -maybe_command_in_dirs - needs_linking (o) nicetext -parse_version - parse_abstract -pasthru (o) +parse_version -path +pasthru (o) perl_script perldepend (o) -ppd - perm_rw (o) perm_rwx (o) @@ -11286,6 +13363,8 @@ post_initialize (o) postamble (o) +ppd + prefixify processPL (o) @@ -11294,8 +13373,18 @@ quote_paren realclean (o) +realclean_subdirs_target + replace_manpage_separator +oneliner (o) + +quote_literal + +escape_newlines + +max_exec_len + static (o) static_lib (o) @@ -11308,16 +13397,16 @@ subdirs (o) test (o) -test_via_harness (o) - -test_via_script (o) +test_via_harness (override) -tool_autosplit (o) +test_via_script (override) tools_other (o) tool_xsubpp (o) +all_target + top_targets (o) writedoc @@ -11328,12 +13417,6 @@ xs_cpp (o) xs_o (o) -perl_archive - -perl_archive_after - -export_list - =over 4 =item SEE ALSO @@ -11359,11 +13442,9 @@ wraplist =back -rootdir (override) - =over 4 -=item SelfLoaded methods +=item Methods guess_name (override) @@ -11371,37 +13452,39 @@ guess_name (override) find_perl (override) -path (override) - maybe_command (override) -maybe_command_in_dirs (override) - perl_script (override) -file_name_is_absolute (override) - replace_manpage_separator +init_DEST + +init_DIRFILESEP + +init_main (override) + init_others (override) +init_platform (override) + +platform_constants + +init_VERSION (override) + constants (override) +special_targets + cflags (override) const_cccmd (override) -pm_to_blib (override) - -tool_autosplit (override) - tool_sxubpp (override) -xsubpp_version (override) - tools_other (override) -dist (override) +init_dist (override) c_o (override) @@ -11409,8 +13492,6 @@ xs_c (override) xs_o (override) -top_targets (override) - dlsyms (override) dynamic_lib (override) @@ -11419,8 +13500,6 @@ dynamic_bs (override) static_lib (override) -manifypods (override) - processPL (override) installbin (override) @@ -11429,13 +13508,11 @@ subdir_x (override) clean (override) -realclean (override) - -dist_basics (override) +clean_subdirs_target -dist_core (override) +realclean (override) -dist_dir (override) +zipfile_target (o), tarfile_target (o), shdist_target (o) dist_test (override) @@ -11445,18 +13522,88 @@ perldepend (override) makefile (override) -test (override) +find_tests (override) + +test (override) + +makeaperl (override) + +nicetext (override) + +prefixify (override) + +oneliner (o) + +B (o) + +quote_literal + +escape_newlines + +max_exec_len + +init_linker (o) + +eliminate_macros + +fixpath + +os_flavor + +=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in +ExtUtils::MakeMaker + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item Overridden methods + +B + +=back + +replace_manpage_separator + +B + +B + +B + +B + +init_platform (o), platform_constants (o) + +special_targets (o) + +static_lib (o) + +dynamic_lib (o) + +clean + +init_linker + +perl_script + +xs_o (o) -test_via_harness (override) +pasthru (o) -test_via_script (override) +oneliner (o) -makeaperl (override) +max_exec_len -nicetext (override) +os_flavor -=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in -ExtUtils::MakeMaker +=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win95 - method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X =over 4 @@ -11464,45 +13611,47 @@ ExtUtils::MakeMaker =item DESCRIPTION -=back +=over 4 -catfile +=item Overriden methods -constants (o) +dist_test -static_lib (o) +=back -dynamic_bs (o) +=back -dynamic_lib (o) +subdir_x -canonpath +xs_c -perl_script +xs_cpp -pm_to_blib +xs_o -test_via_harness (o) +clean_subdirs_target -tool_autosplit (override) +realclean_subdirs_target -tools_other (o) +os_flavor -xs_o (o) +=over 4 -top_targets (o) +=item AUTHOR -htmlifypods (o) +=back -manifypods (o) +=head2 ExtUtils::MY - ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization -dist_ci (o) +=over 4 -dist_core (o) +=item SYNOPSIS -pasthru (o) +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back -=head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile +=head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - Create a module Makefile =over 4 @@ -11535,39 +13684,51 @@ pasthru (o) =item Using Attributes and Parameters ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG, -CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT, -EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS, -HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, -INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR, -INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, -INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, -INST_EXE, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, -INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE, -MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME, -NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE, -PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLRUN, PERM_RW, +CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DESTDIR, DIR, DISTNAME, DISTVNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, +EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN, +FULLPERLRUNINST, FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, +INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, +INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN, INSTALLSITELIB, +INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR, INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR, INSTALLVENDORARCH, +INSTALLVENDORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB, INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR, +INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, +INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LD, LDDLFLAGS, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, +LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE_OLD, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, +MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_META, NO_VC, OBJECT, +OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, +PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLPREFIX, PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC, -PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PRINT, -PRINT_PREREQ, SKIP, TEST_LIBS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, -XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION +PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_PRINT, +PRINT_PREREQ, SITEPREFIX, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VENDORPREFIX, VERBINST, VERSION, +VERSION_FROM, VERSION_SYM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION =item Additional lowercase attributes -clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test, -tool_autosplit +clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, postamble, realclean, +test, tool_autosplit =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods +=item The End Of Cargo Cult Programming + +C< ' '>> + =item Hintsfile support =item Distribution Support make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest, - make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make -shdist, make zipdist, make ci + make distdir, make disttest, make tardist, make dist, make +uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci + +=item Module Meta-Data =item Disabling an extension +=item Other Handy Functions + +prompt + =back =item ENVIRONMENT @@ -11578,9 +13739,47 @@ PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT =item AUTHORS +=item LICENSE + =back -=head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file +=head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions About +MakeMaker + +=over 4 + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Philosophy and History + +Why not just use ?, What's +Module::Build and how does it relate to MakeMaker?, pure perl. no make, no +shell commands, easier to customize, cleaner internals, less cruft + +=item Module Writing + +How do I keep my $VERSION up to date without resetting it manually?, What's +this F thing and how did it get in my F?! + +=item XS + +How to I prevent "object version X.XX does not match bootstrap parameter +Y.YY" errors?, How do I make two or more XS files coexist in the same +directory? + +=back + +=item PATCHING + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial - Writing a module with MakeMaker =over 4 @@ -11588,28 +13787,42 @@ PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT =item DESCRIPTION -=item MANIFEST.SKIP +=over 4 -=item EXPORT_OK +=item The Mantra -=item GLOBAL VARIABLES +=item The Layout -=item DIAGNOSTICS +Makefile.PL, MANIFEST, lib/, t/, Changes, README, INSTALL, MANIFEST.SKIP, +bin/ -C I, C I, C I<$!>, -C I +=back -=item ENVIRONMENT +=item SEE ALSO -B +=back -=item SEE ALSO +=head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes - Version agnostic bytes.pm -=item AUTHOR +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish - Platform agnostic vmsish.pm + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION =back -=head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c +=head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file =over 4 @@ -11617,8 +13830,59 @@ B =item DESCRIPTION +=over 4 + +=item Functions + +mkmanifest + +=back + +=back + +manifind + +manicheck + +filecheck + +fullcheck + +skipcheck + +maniread + +manicopy + +maniadd + +=over 4 + +=item MANIFEST + +=item MANIFEST.SKIP + +=item EXPORT_OK + +=item GLOBAL VARIABLES + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item DIAGNOSTICS + +C I, C I, C I, +C I<$!>, C I + +=item ENVIRONMENT + +B + =item SEE ALSO +=item AUTHOR + =back =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader @@ -11728,6 +13992,10 @@ C, C =item DESCRIPTION +=item AUTHOR + +=item HISTORY + =back =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles @@ -11790,7 +14058,7 @@ rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag]) =back -=head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree +=head2 File::Find - Traverse a directory tree. =over 4 @@ -11798,10 +14066,24 @@ rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag]) =item DESCRIPTION +B, B + +=over 4 + +=item %options + C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C +=item The wanted function + +C<$File::Find::dir> is the current directory name,, C<$_> is the current +filename within that directory, C<$File::Find::name> is the complete +pathname to the file + +=back + =item WARNINGS =item CAVEAT @@ -11844,6 +14126,8 @@ C, C =item DESCRIPTION +=item DIAGNOSTICS + =item AUTHORS =back @@ -11868,7 +14152,7 @@ splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs() =back -=head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs +=head2 File::Spec::Cygwin - methods for Cygwin file specs =over 4 @@ -11876,25 +14160,27 @@ splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs() =item DESCRIPTION -devnull - =back -tmpdir +canonpath -path +file_name_is_absolute -canonpath() +tmpdir (override) -splitpath +=head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs -splitdir +=over 4 -catpath +=item SYNOPSIS -abs2rel +=item DESCRIPTION -rel2abs() +=item AUTHORS + +=back + +canonpath() =over 4 @@ -11978,6 +14264,8 @@ rel2abs =item DESCRIPTION +tmpdir, splitpath + =back =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec @@ -12119,6 +14407,12 @@ catpath =over 4 +=item Note For File::Spec::Win32 Maintainers + +=back + +=over 4 + =item SEE ALSO =back @@ -12137,6 +14431,18 @@ catpath =over 4 +=item OO INTERFACE + +B + +=back + +B + +B + +=over 4 + =item FUNCTIONS B @@ -12185,6 +14491,10 @@ B =back +B + +B + =over 4 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES @@ -12221,6 +14531,8 @@ TopSystemUID =item DESCRIPTION +=item BUGS + =item NOTE =item AUTHOR @@ -12235,8 +14547,14 @@ TopSystemUID =item DESCRIPTION +cacheout EXPR, cacheout MODE, EXPR + +=item CAVEATS + =item BUGS +=item NOTES + =back =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles @@ -12410,7 +14728,8 @@ B<$_>, B<$status>, B and B, B =item Summary of Option Specifications -!, +, s, i, o, f, : I [ I ] +!, +, s, i, o, f, : I [ I ], : I [ I ], : ++ [ I ] =back @@ -12420,6 +14739,8 @@ B<$_>, B<$status>, B and B, B =item Object oriented interface +=item Thread Safety + =item Documentation and help texts =item Storing options in a hash @@ -12437,9 +14758,14 @@ B<$_>, B<$status>, B and B, B default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt, require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always -(default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix, +(default: disabled), auto_version (default:disabled), auto_help +(default:disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix, prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled) +=item Exportable Methods + +VersionMessage, C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-output>, HelpMessage + =item Return values and Errors =item Legacy @@ -12465,6 +14791,8 @@ supplied =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly +=item Undefined subroutine &main::GetOptions called + =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long? =back @@ -12484,6 +14812,42 @@ clustering =item DESCRIPTION +=item C<--help> and C<--version> + +=back + +=head2 Hash::Util - A selection of general-utility hash subroutines + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Restricted hashes + +lock_keys, unlock_keys + +=back + +=back + +lock_value, unlock_value + +B, B + +B + +=over 4 + +=item CAVEATS + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + =back =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current @@ -12554,88 +14918,93 @@ the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages) =item LIST OF LANGUAGES -{ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {aa} : -Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)], -{aka} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} : -Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} : -Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} : -Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, [{art} : -Artificial (Other)], {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages], -[{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {ava} : -Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani, -{ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bam} : -Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu -(Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak -(Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} : -Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} : -Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} : -Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} : -Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan, -[{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)], -[{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} : -Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy} -: Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} : -Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic, -{chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} : -Corsican, {cre} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and -pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], -[{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles -and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} : -Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default -(Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {div} : Divehi, {doi} -: Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} : -Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha, -{efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite, -{en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English -(ca.450-1100), {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ewe} : Ewe, {ewo} : -Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} : -Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm} -: Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} : -Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ful} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic, -{gl} : Gallegan, {lug} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez, -{ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500), -{goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} : -Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} : -Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} : -Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian, +{ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {ady} : +Adyghe, {aa} : Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : +Afro-Asiatic (Other)], {ak} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, +{ale} : Aleut, [{alg} : Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], +{am} : Amharic, {i-ami} : Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, +{arc} : Aramaic, {arp} : Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} +: Armenian, {an} : Aragonese, [{art} : Artificial (Other)], {ast} : +Asturian, {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages], [{aus} : +Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {av} : Avaric, {ae} +: Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani, {ban} : +Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bm} : Bambara, [{bai} +: Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu (Other)], {bas} : +Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak (Indonesia), {bej} : +Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} : Bengali, [{ber} : Berber +(Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} : Bikol, {bin} : Bini, +{bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} : Breton, {bug} : +Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} : Buriat, {my} : +Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan, [{cau} : Caucasian +(Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)], [{cai} : Central +American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} : Chamic languages], +{ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy} : Cheyenne, {chb} +: Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} : Chinook Jargon, {chp} : +Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic, {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : +Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} : Corsican, {cr} : Cree, +{mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} +: French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpp} : Portuguese-based +Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : +Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} : Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : +Danish, {dar} : Dargwa, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default (Fallthru) +Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {dv} : Divehi, {doi} : Dogri, +{dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} : Dutch, +{dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha, {efi} +: Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite, {en} : +English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English +(ca.450-1100), {i-enochian} : Enochian (Artificial), {myv} : Erzya, {eo} : +Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ee} : Ewe, {ewo} : Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} +: Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} : Finnish, [{fiu} : +Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm} : Middle French +(ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} : Frisian, {fur} : +Friulian, {ff} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic, {gl} : Gallegan, +{lg} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez, {ka} : Georgian, +{de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500), {goh} : Old High +German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} : Gilbertese, {gon} +: Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} : Grebo, {grc} : Ancient +Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} : Gujarati, {gwi} : +Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ht} : Haitian, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian, {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} : Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian, -{hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {ibo} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo, -{ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)], -{id} : Indonesian, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language -Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira} -: Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} : -Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} : -Japanese, {jw} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian, -{kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} : -Kannada, {kau} : Kanuri, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} : -Kashmiri, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi} -: Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu, -{rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi, -{kon} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} : -Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru} -: Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba, -{lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} : -Lezghian, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {loz} : -Lozi, {lub} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} : -Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian, -{mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} : -Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu, -{mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo -languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} : -Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men} -: Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} : -Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} : -Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul} -: Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {na} : -Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} : -Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} : +{hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {io} : Ido, {ig} : Igbo, +{ijo} : Ijo, {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European +(Other)], {id} : Indonesian, {inh} : Ingush, {ia} : Interlingua +(International Auxiliary Language Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : +Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira} : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : +Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} : Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian +languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} : Japanese, {jv} : Javanese, {jrb} : +Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian, {kbd} : Kabardian, {kab} : Kabyle, +{kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {xal} : Kalmyk, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} : +Kannada, {kr} : Kanuri, {krc} : Karachay-Balkar, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} +: Karen, {ks} : Kashmiri, {csb} : Kashubian, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, +{kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi} : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, +{ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu, {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, +{i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi, {kg} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : +Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} : Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, +{kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru} : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : +Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba, {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : +Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} : Lezghian, {li} : Limburgish, {ln} : +Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {art-lojban} : Lojban +(Artificial), {loz} : Lozi, {lu} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} +: Luiseno, {lun} : Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, +{mk} : Macedonian, {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, +{mak} : Makasar, {mg} : Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : +Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu, {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : +Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : +Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} : Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, +[{myn} : Mayan languages], {men} : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : +Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} : Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : +Mohawk, {mdf} : Moksha, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} : Mon-Khmer (Other)], +{lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul} : Multiple +languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {nap} : Neapolitan, +{na} : Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, +{ng} : Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} : Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean, -{non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {se} : Northern Sami, -{no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub} -: Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro, -{nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oji} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya, -{om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian +{nog} : Nogai, {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {no} : +Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub} : +Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro, {nzi} +: Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oj} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya, {om} : +Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} : Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} : Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian @@ -12645,34 +15014,37 @@ Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan, [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} : Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan -languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)], -{sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} : -Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup, -[{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan, -{sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika, -{sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} : -Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)], -{sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} : -Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern -Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es} -: Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} : -Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} : -Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} : -Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te} -: Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig} -: Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit, -{tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga -(Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} : -Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish -(1500-1928), {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi, -{uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} : -Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ven} : Venda, {vi} : -Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages], -{wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof, -{x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut, -{yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik -languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} : -Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni +languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, {se} : Northern Sami, {sma} : +Southern Sami, {smn} : Inari Sami, {smj} : Lule Sami, {sms} : Skolt Sami, +[{smi} : Sami languages (Other)], {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : +Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} : Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, +{sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup, [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, +{srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan, {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign +Languages, {bla} : Siksika, {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : +Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} : Siouan languages], {den} : Slave +(Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)], {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, +{sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} : Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : +Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : +South American Indian (Other)], {es} : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : +Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} : Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, +{sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} : Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : +Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} : Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, +{tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te} : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : +Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig} : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : +Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit, {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, +{tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, +{ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} : Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, [{tup} : +Tupi languages], {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928), {crh} +: Crimean Turkish, {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : +Twi, {udm} : Udmurt, {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, +{umb} : Umbundu, {und} : Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : +Vai, {ve} : Venda, {vi} : Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} +: Wakashan languages], {wa} : Walloon, {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} +: Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof, {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private +Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut, {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {ii} : +Sichuan Yi, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik languages], {znd} +: Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} : Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, +{zun} : Zuni =item SEE ALSO @@ -12712,6 +15084,8 @@ Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni =item DESCRIPTION +=item DEPRECATED + =back =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles @@ -12723,7 +15097,7 @@ Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni =item DESCRIPTION new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (), -rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ] +rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ] =item SEE ALSO @@ -12747,7 +15121,7 @@ new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile =item METHODS -open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ) +open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS ) =item SEE ALSO @@ -12863,7 +15237,7 @@ new ( [ HANDLES ] ) add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), -count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] ) +count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] ) =item EXAMPLE @@ -12961,7 +15335,7 @@ handles =item DESCRIPTION new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (), -rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ] +rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ] =item SEE ALSO @@ -12985,7 +15359,7 @@ new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile =item METHODS -open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ) +open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS ) =item SEE ALSO @@ -13104,7 +15478,7 @@ new ( [ HANDLES ] ) add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), -count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] ) +count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] ) =item EXAMPLE @@ -13342,6 +15716,8 @@ set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST +=item KNOWN BUGS + =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS =item COPYRIGHT @@ -13360,6 +15736,8 @@ general-utility list subroutines first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST +=item KNOWN BUGS + =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS =item COPYRIGHT @@ -13375,8 +15753,11 @@ general-utility scalar subroutines =item DESCRIPTION -blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype -EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF +blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR, +looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR, +set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF + +=item KNOWN BUGS =item COPYRIGHT @@ -13396,7 +15777,7 @@ EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF =item SEE ALSO -Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency +Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency =item AUTHOR @@ -13410,40 +15791,28 @@ Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency =item SYNOPSIS -=back - -=over 4 - =item DESCRIPTION B, B, B -=back - -=over 4 - =item CONVERSION ROUTINES code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ), country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET ) -=back - -=over 4 - =item QUERY ROUTINES C, C -=back +=item SEMI-PRIVATE ROUTINES =over 4 -=item CODE ALIASING +=item alias_code -=back +=item rename_country -=over 4 +=back =item EXAMPLES @@ -13453,10 +15822,10 @@ C, C =item SEE ALSO -Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, ISO 3166, -http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/, +Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, Locale::SubCountry, ISO +3166-1, http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html, http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html, -http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html +http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-d-1.html =item AUTHOR @@ -13469,43 +15838,28 @@ identification (ISO 4217) =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS - -=back - -=over 4 +=item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION XTS, XXX -=back - -=over 4 - =item CONVERSION ROUTINES code2currency(), currency2code() -=back - -=over 4 - =item QUERY ROUTINES C, C -=back - -=over 4 - =item EXAMPLES =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS =item SEE ALSO -Locale::Country, ISO 4217:1995, http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency +Locale::Country, Locale::Script, ISO 4217:1995, +http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency =item AUTHOR @@ -13520,39 +15874,23 @@ Locale::Country, ISO 4217:1995, http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency =item SYNOPSIS -=back - -=over 4 - =item DESCRIPTION -=back - -=over 4 - =item CONVERSION ROUTINES code2language(), language2code() -=back - -=over 4 - =item QUERY ROUTINES C, C -=back - -=over 4 - =item EXAMPLES =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS =item SEE ALSO -Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F), +Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F), http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html =item AUTHOR @@ -13561,7 +15899,7 @@ http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html =back -=head2 Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization +=head2 Locale::Maketext - framework for localization =over 4 @@ -13650,6 +15988,46 @@ $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding() =back +=head2 Locale::Script - ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924) + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +B, B, B + +=over 4 + +=item SPECIAL CODES + +=back + +=item CONVERSION ROUTINES + +code2script( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), script2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ), +script_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET ) + +=item QUERY ROUTINES + +C, C + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS + +=item SEE ALSO + +Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, Locale::Country, ISO 15924, +http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/ + +=item AUTHOR + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings =over 4 @@ -13658,7 +16036,7 @@ $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding() =item DESCRIPTION -encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str) +encode_base64($str), encode_base64($str, $eol);, decode_base64($str) =item DIAGNOSTICS @@ -13679,7 +16057,7 @@ of quoted-printable strings =item DESCRIPTION -encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str); +encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), decode_qp($str); =item COPYRIGHT @@ -13694,7 +16072,7 @@ strings =item DESCRIPTION -encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str); +encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), decode_qp($str); =item COPYRIGHT @@ -13731,12 +16109,22 @@ ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale =item Autocreating constants +=over 4 + +=item Math library + +=item Using Math::BigInt::Lite + +=back + =item BUGS -=item CAVEAT +=item CAVEATS stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow +=item SEE ALSO + =item LICENSE =item AUTHORS @@ -13751,93 +16139,321 @@ stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow =item DESCRIPTION -Canonical notation, Input, Output - -=item ACCURACY and PRECISION - +Input, Output + +=item METHODS + +=over 4 + +=item config + +=item accuracy + +=item precision + +=item brsft + +=item new + +=item bnan + +=item bzero + +=item binf + +=item bone + +=item is_one()/is_zero()/is_nan()/is_inf() + +=item is_positive()/is_negative() + + $x->is_positive(); # true if >= 0 + $x->is_negative(); # true if < 0 + +=item is_odd()/is_even()/is_int() + +=item bcmp + +=item bacmp + +=item sign + +=item bcmp + +=item bneg + +=item babs + +=item bnorm + +=item bnot + +=item binc + +=item bdec + +=item badd + +=item bsub + +=item bmul + +=item bdiv + +=item bmod + +=item bmodinv + +=item bmodpow + +=item bpow + +=item blsft + +=item brsft + +=item band + +=item bior + +=item bxor + +=item bnot + +=item bsqrt + +=item bfac + +=item round + +=item bround + +=item bfround + +=item bfloor + +=item bceil + +=item bgcd + +=item blcm + +=item exponent + +=item mantissa + +=item parts + +=item copy + +=item as_number + +=item bsstr + +=item as_hex + +=item as_bin + +=back + +=item ACCURACY and PRECISION + +=over 4 + +=item Precision P + +=item Accuracy A + +=item Fallback F + +=item Rounding mode R + +'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy +(significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage, +Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values, +Remarks + +=back + +=item INTERNALS + +=over 4 + +=item MATH LIBRARY + +=item SIGN + +=item mantissa(), exponent() and parts() + +=back + +=item EXAMPLES + + use Math::BigInt; + +=item Autocreating constants + +=item PERFORMANCE + +=over 4 + +=item Alternative math libraries + +=item SUBCLASSING + +=back + +=item Subclassing Math::BigInt + +=item UPGRADING + +=over 4 + +=item Auto-upgrade + +bsqrt(), div(), blog() + +=back + +=item BUGS + +broot() does not work, Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior +5.6.0 + +=item CAVEATS + +stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity +handling, Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object +types, bsqrt(), brsft() + +=item LICENSE + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHORS + +=back + +=head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item STORAGE + +=item METHODS + +=item WRAP YOUR OWN + +=item LICENSE + +This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it +under +the same terms as Perl itself. + +=item AUTHORS + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 Math::BigInt::Scalar - Pure Perl module to test Math::BigInt with +scalars + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item LICENSE + +This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it +under +the same terms as Perl itself. + +=item AUTHOR + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 Math::BigRat - arbitrarily big rationals + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + =over 4 -=item Precision P - -=item Accuracy A - -=item Fallback F - -=item Rounding mode R - -'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy -(significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage, -Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values, -Remarks +=item MATH LIBRARY =back -=item INTERNALS +=item METHODS =over 4 -=item MATH LIBRARY - -=item SIGN +=item new() -=item mantissa(), exponent() and parts() +=item numerator() -=back +=item denominator() -=item EXAMPLES + $d = $x->denominator(); - use Math::BigInt; +=item parts() -=item Autocreating constants +=item as_number() -=item PERFORMANCE +=item bfac() -=over 4 +=item blog() -=item Alternative math libraries +=item bround()/round()/bfround() -=back +=item bmod() -=item BUGS +=item is_one() -Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior 5.6.0 +=item is_zero() -=item CAVEATS +=item is_positive() -stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity -handling, Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object -types, bsqrt() +=item is_negative() -=item LICENSE +=item is_int() -=item SEE ALSO +=item is_odd() -=item AUTHORS +=item is_even() -=back +=item bceil() -=head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt +=item bfloor() -=over 4 + $x->bfloor(); -=item SYNOPSIS +=item config -=item DESCRIPTION +=back -=item EXPORT +=item BUGS -=item WRAP YOUR OWN +inf handling (partial), NaN handling (partial), rounding (not implemented +except for bceil/bfloor), $x ** $y where $y is not an integer =item LICENSE -This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it -under -the same terms as Perl itself. +=item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS -=item SEE ALSO - =back =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical @@ -13924,7 +16540,7 @@ cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical =back -=head2 Memoize - Make your functions faster by trading space for time +=head2 Memoize - Make functions faster by trading space for time =over 4 @@ -14042,23 +16658,6 @@ Storable use =back -=head2 Memoize::Saves - Plug-in module to specify which return values -should be memoized - -=over 4 - -=item SYNOPSIS - -=item DESCRIPTION - -=item CAVEATS - -=item AUTHOR - -=item SEE ALSO - -=back - =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database =over 4 @@ -14089,7 +16688,8 @@ C, C, C =back -=head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch +=head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT (et al) that allows method +redispatch =over 4 @@ -14103,6 +16703,10 @@ C, C, C =item Avoiding repetitions +=item Invoking all versions of a method with a single call + +=item Using C methods + =back =item AUTHOR @@ -14130,7 +16734,7 @@ dataend () debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ... ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (), -ungetline ( TEXT ), read_until_dot () +ungetline ( TEXT ), rawdatasend ( DATA ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh () =item EXPORTS @@ -14197,15 +16801,16 @@ login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]), site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS]) ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR ), -mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get ( -REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] -), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [, -REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported ( -CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR -] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe ( -FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, -DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), -pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit () +mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), alloc ( SIZE [, RECORD_SIZE] ), +dir ( [ DIR ] ), get ( REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put ( +LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), +append ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), size +( FILE ), supported ( CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ +BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), +stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe ( FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (), +pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique ( +SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ), +abort (), quit () =over 4 @@ -14222,7 +16827,7 @@ bytes_read (), abort (), close () =item UNIMPLEMENTED -B, B, B, B, B, B, B, B +B, B, B, B, B, B, B =item REPORTING BUGS @@ -14255,11 +16860,12 @@ new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ]) =item METHODS article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head ( -[ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), group ( [ GROUP ] -), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (), postok (), authinfo ( -USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews ( -SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (), post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), slave -(), quit () +[ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), articlefh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), bodyfh ( [ +MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), headfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] +), group ( [ GROUP ] ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (), +postok (), authinfo ( USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [, +DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews ( SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (), +post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), postfh (), slave (), quit () =over 4 @@ -14287,7 +16893,7 @@ MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C =back -=head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1081) +=head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939) =over 4 @@ -14295,18 +16901,16 @@ MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C =item DESCRIPTION -=item EXAMPLES - =item CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] ) =item METHODS -user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( USER, -PASS ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM [, -FH ] ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [ MSGNUM ] ), delete ( -MSGNUM ), reset (), quit () +user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [, +PASS ]] ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM +[, FH ] ), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [ +MSGNUM ] ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit () =item NOTES @@ -14330,17 +16934,22 @@ MSGNUM ), reset (), quit () =item Functions -Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [, -$timeout]);, $p->open($host);, $p->open($host);, $p->close();, -pingecho($host [, $timeout]); +Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes [, $device [, $tos +]]]]]);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);, $p->source_verify( { 0 | 1 } );, +$p->service_check( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->tcp_service_check( { 0 | 1 } );, +$p->hires( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->open($host);, $p->ack( +[ $host ] );, $p->nack( $failed_ack_host );, $p->close();, pingecho($host +[, $timeout]); =back -=item WARNING - =item NOTES -=item AUTHOR(S) +=item INSTALL + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHORS =item COPYRIGHT @@ -14370,6 +16979,8 @@ ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [ DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ), quit () +=item ADDRESSES + =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR @@ -14603,6 +17214,8 @@ login (), password (), account (), lpa () =item IMPLEMENTATION +=item BUGS + =item AUTHOR =back @@ -14742,17 +17355,17 @@ cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv, execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror, fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf, fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos, -fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid, -getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid, -getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty, -iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper, -isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10, -longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, -memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open, -opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts, -qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind, -rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid, -setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp, +fstat, fsync, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, +geteuid, getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, +getppid, getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, +isatty, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, +isupper, isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, +log, log10, longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, +memcmp, memcpy, memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, +offsetof, open, opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, +putchar, puts, qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, +rewind, rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, +setsid, setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp, sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat, strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen, strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod, @@ -14768,7 +17381,7 @@ wctomb, write =item POSIX::SigAction -new +new, handler, mask, flags, safe =item POSIX::SigSet @@ -14846,7 +17459,8 @@ Constants =item WAIT -Constants, Macros +Constants, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED, Macros, WIFEXITED, WEXITSTATUS, WIFSIGNALED, +WTERMSIG, WIFSTOPPED, WSTOPSIG =back @@ -14859,12 +17473,20 @@ name space =item DESCRIPTION -unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, raw +unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, bytes, raw, pop =over 4 +=item Custom Layers + +:encoding, :via + +=item Alternatives to raw + =item Defaults and how to override them +=item Querying the layers of filehandle + =back =item AUTHOR @@ -14873,7 +17495,19 @@ unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, raw =back -=head2 PerlIO::Scalar - support module for in-memory IO. +=head2 PerlIO::encoding - encoding layer + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item SEE ALSO + +=back + +=head2 PerlIO::scalar - in-memory IO, scalar IO =over 4 @@ -14881,9 +17515,11 @@ unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, raw =item DESCRIPTION +=item IMPLEMENTATION NOTE + =back -=head2 PerlIO::Via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl +=head2 PerlIO::via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl =over 4 @@ -14891,14 +17527,19 @@ unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, raw =item DESCRIPTION +=item EXPECTED METHODS + $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]), -$class->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $class->FDOPEN($fd), -$class->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,$fh), $obj->FILENO($fh), +$obj->UTF8($bellowFlag,[$fh]), $obj->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), +$obj->BINMODE([,$fh]), $obj->FDOPEN($fd[,$fh]), +$obj->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,[,$fh]), $obj->FILENO($fh), $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh), $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh), $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh), $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh) +=item EXAMPLES + =over 4 =item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle @@ -14907,6 +17548,22 @@ $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh) =back +=head2 PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint - PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors =over 4 @@ -14943,12 +17600,13 @@ after =back =item Warnings -multiple occurence of link target I, line containing nothing but +multiple occurrence of link target I, line containing nothing but whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I vs. I), I unescaped CE> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph, -Verbatim paragraph in NAME section +Verbatim paragraph in NAME section, =headI without preceding higher +level =item Hyperlinks @@ -14972,6 +17630,8 @@ C<$checker-Epoderror( @args )>, C<$checker-Epoderror( {%opts}, C<$checker-Enum_errors()> +C<$checker-Enum_warnings()> + C<$checker-Ename()> C<$checker-Enode()> @@ -15442,7 +18102,7 @@ escape EE%sE, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched =back -=head2 Pod::ParseLink -- Parse an LEE formatting code in POD text +=head2 Pod::ParseLink - Parse an LEE formatting code in POD text =over 4 @@ -15450,6 +18110,8 @@ escape EE%sE, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched =item DESCRIPTION +=item SEE ALSO + =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE @@ -15755,43 +18417,200 @@ I|I =over 4 -=item B +=item B + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item B + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item B + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item B<_push_input_stream()> + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item B<_pop_input_stream()> + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item TREE-BASED PARSING + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker - let Perldoc check Pod for errors + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToMan - let Perldoc render Pod as man pages + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item CAVEAT + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff - let Perldoc convert Pod to nroff + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item CAVEAT + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToPod - let Perldoc render Pod as ... Pod! + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf - let Perldoc render Pod as RTF + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToText - let Perldoc render Pod as plaintext + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item CAVEAT + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToTk - let Perldoc use Tk::Pod to render Pod + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS -=back +=item DESCRIPTION -=over 4 +=item SEE ALSO -=item B +=item AUTHOR =back +=head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToXml - let Perldoc render Pod as XML + =over 4 -=item B +=item SYNOPSIS -=back +=item DESCRIPTION -=over 4 +=item SEE ALSO -=item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA +=item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS + +=item AUTHOR =back +=head2 Pod::PlainText - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text + =over 4 -=item B<_push_input_stream()> +=item SYNOPSIS -=back +=item DESCRIPTION -=over 4 +alt, indent, loose, sentence, width -=item B<_pop_input_stream()> +=item DIAGNOSTICS -=back +Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Unknown escape: %s, +Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back -=over 4 +=item RESTRICTIONS -=item TREE-BASED PARSING +=item NOTES =item SEE ALSO @@ -15934,13 +18753,13 @@ B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges> =item DESCRIPTION -alt, code, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width +alt, code, indent, loose, margin, quotes, sentence, width =item DIAGNOSTICS Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading: -%s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph -"%s", %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d: +%s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph: %s, +%s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d: Unmatched =back =item RESTRICTIONS @@ -15992,8 +18811,8 @@ text =back -=head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII -text with format escapes +=head2 Pod::Text::Termcap - Convert POD data to ASCII text with format +escapes =over 4 @@ -16041,44 +18860,6 @@ C<-pathlist> =back -=head2 Pod::t::basic, basic.pod - Test of various basic POD features in -translators. - -=over 4 - -=item HEADINGS - -=item This C a "level 1" heading - -=over 4 - -=item ``Level'' "2 I - -=back - -=item This C a "level 1" heading - -=over 4 - -=item ``Level'' 2 I - -=back - -=item LINKS - -=item OVER AND ITEMS - -This is a test, a, b, a, b, c, d, "foo", B, C, Some longer item -text - -=item FORMATTING CODES - -E, E, E, E, E, E - -=item VERBATIM - -=back - =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files =over 4 @@ -16142,8 +18923,11 @@ Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes =item DESCRIPTION -blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype -EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF +blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR, +looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR, +set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF + +=item KNOWN BUGS =item COPYRIGHT @@ -16227,14 +19011,14 @@ socket.h defines and structure manipulators =item DESCRIPTION inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST, -INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in -SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in -SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN, -pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN +INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_family SOCKADDR, sockaddr_in PORT, +ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, +unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un +SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN =back -=head2 Storable - persistency for perl data structures +=head2 Storable - persistence for Perl data structures =over 4 @@ -16250,6 +19034,12 @@ pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION +=item CODE REFERENCES + +=item FORWARD COMPATIBILITY + +utf8 data, restricted hashes, files from future versions of Storable + =item ERROR REPORTING =item WIZARDS ONLY @@ -16272,15 +19062,21 @@ C =back +=item Storable magic + =item EXAMPLES =item WARNING =item BUGS -=item CREDITS +=over 4 -=item TRANSLATIONS +=item 64 bit data in perl 5.6.0 and 5.6.1 + +=back + +=item CREDITS =item AUTHOR @@ -16332,6 +19128,8 @@ C =item DESCRIPTION +=item BUGS + =back =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname @@ -16356,8 +19154,8 @@ interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls =item DESCRIPTION openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args, -setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02), -closelog +setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added +in 5.004_02), closelog =item EXAMPLES @@ -16377,8 +19175,8 @@ Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls =item DESCRIPTION openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args, -setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02), -closelog +setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added +in 5.004_02), closelog =item EXAMPLES @@ -16414,7 +19212,7 @@ ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED =item AUTHORS -=item LICENSE +=item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back @@ -16474,8 +19272,8 @@ EtabE, ^D, ^U, EdelE, EbsE =back -=head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C packages. If -no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions. +=head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C packages. +If no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions. =over 4 @@ -16485,8 +19283,8 @@ no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions. =item Minimal set of supported functions -C, C, C, C, C, $C, -C, C, Attribs, C +C, C, C, C, C, C, C, +C, Attribs, C =item Additional supported functions @@ -16508,11 +19306,14 @@ C, C, C =item DESCRIPTION +=item QUICK START GUIDE + =over 4 =item Functions -B +C, C I>, C [I<1,5,14>]>, +C sub { ... }>, C \&some_sub> =back @@ -16520,7 +19321,9 @@ B B<_to_value> -B +C + +C, I)> =over 4 @@ -16532,15 +19335,213 @@ NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS =item BUGS and CAVEATS -=item TODO +=item NOTE + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + +=head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item Construction + +B + +=back + +=back + +=over 4 + +=item Setting up tests + +B + +=back + +B + +B + +B + +B + +B + +=over 4 + +=item Running tests + +B + +=back + +B, B + +B, B + +B, B + +B + +B + +B + +B + +B + +B + +=over 4 + +=item Test style + +B + +=back + +B + +B, B + +=over 4 + +=item Output + +B + +=back + +B<_print> + +B, B, B + +=over 4 + +=item Test Status and Info + +B + +=back + +B + +B
+ +B + +B + +B<_sanity_check> + +B<_whoa> + +B<_my_exit> + +=over 4 + +=item THREADS + +=item EXAMPLES + +=item SEE ALSO + +=item AUTHORS + +=item COPYRIGHT + +=back + +=head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item The test script output + +B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B, B, +B, B, B, B, B + +=item Taint mode + +=item Configuration variables. + +B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches> + +=item Failure + +B, B, B, B, B, B, B + +=item Functions + +B + +=back + +=back + +B<_all_ok> + +B<_globdir> + +B<_run_all_tests> + +B<_mk_leader> + +B<_leader_width> + +=over 4 + +=item EXPORT + +=item DIAGNOSTICS + +C, C, C, C, C, C + +=item ENVIRONMENT + +C, C, C, +C, C, C, +C, C, C + +=item EXAMPLE =item SEE ALSO -=item AUTHOR +=item AUTHORS + +=item LICENSE + +=item TODO + +=item BUGS =back -=head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries +=head2 Test::Harness::Assert - simple assert =over 4 @@ -16550,9 +19551,9 @@ NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS =over 4 -=item Construction +=item Functions -B +B =back @@ -16560,155 +19561,149 @@ B =over 4 -=item Setting up tests +=item AUTHOR -B +=item SEE ALSO =back -B +=head2 Test::Harness::Iterator - Internal Test::Harness Iterator -B +=over 4 -B +=item SYNOPSIS -B +=item DESCRIPTION + +=back + +=head2 Test::Harness::Straps - detailed analysis of test results =over 4 -=item Running tests +=item SYNOPSIS -B +=item DESCRIPTION -=back +=item Construction -B, B +=over 4 -B +=item C -B +=back -B +=back =over 4 -=item Test style - -B +=item C<_init> =back -B +=over 4 -B, B +=item Analysis =over 4 -=item Output +=item C -B +=back =back -B<_print> +=over 4 -B, B, B +=item C -=over 4 +=back -=item Test Status and Info +=over 4 -B +=item C =back -B +=over 4 -B
I, B +=item C<_switches> -B +=back -B<_sanity_check> +=over 4 -B<_whoa> +=item C<_INC2PERL5LIB> -B<_my_exit> +=back =over 4 -=item EXAMPLES +=item C<_filtered_INC> -=item SEE ALSO +=back -=item AUTHORS +=over 4 -=item COPYRIGHT +=item C<_restore_PERL5LIB> =back -=head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics +=over 4 + +=item Parsing =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item C<_is_comment> -=item DESCRIPTION +=back + +=back =over 4 -=item The test script output +=item C<_is_header> -B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B, -B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>, B, -B, B, B, B +=back -=item Failure +=over 4 -B, B, B, B, B, B, B +=item C<_is_test> -=item Functions +=back -B +=over 4 -=back +=item C<_is_bail_out> =back -B<_all_ok> - -B<_globdir> +=over 4 -B<_run_all_tests> +=item C<_reset_file_state> -B<_mk_leader> +=back =over 4 -=item EXPORT - -=item DIAGNOSTICS +=item Results -C, C, C, C, C, C +=over 4 -=item ENVIRONMENT +=item C<_detailize> -C, C, C, -C, C, C, -C +=back -=item EXAMPLE +=back -=item SEE ALSO +=over 4 -=item AUTHORS +=item EXAMPLES -=item TODO +=item AUTHOR -=item BUGS +=item SEE ALSO =back @@ -16742,6 +19737,10 @@ B, B B +B + +B + B B @@ -16750,6 +19749,14 @@ B, B =over 4 +=item Diagnostics + +B + +=back + +=over 4 + =item Module tests B @@ -16766,7 +19773,9 @@ B =back -B +B, B + +When do I use SKIP vs. TODO? =over 4 @@ -16784,11 +19793,19 @@ B =over 4 +=item Extending and Embedding Test::More + +B + +=back + +=over 4 + =item NOTES =item BUGS and CAVEATS -Making your own ok(), The eq_* family have some caveats, Test::Harness +Making your own ok(), The eq_* family has some caveats, Test::Harness upgrades =item HISTORY @@ -16906,6 +19923,10 @@ L =item C +=item C + +[0], [1], [2] + =item C C $listref>, C $listref>, C $str>, @@ -17016,7 +20037,7 @@ unexpand(1) =back -=head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl +=head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only) =over 4 @@ -17073,9 +20094,12 @@ new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER =back =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably +(for old code) =over 4 +=item CAVEAT + =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION @@ -17113,6 +20137,74 @@ SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST =back +=head2 Tie::File - Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=over 4 + +=item C + +=item C + +=item C + +=item C + +=item C + +=item Option Format + +=back + +=item Public Methods + +=over 4 + +=item C + +=item C + +=item C, C, C, and C + +=item C + +=back + +=item Tying to an already-opened filehandle + +=item Deferred Writing + +=over 4 + +=item Autodeferring + +=back + +=item CONCURRENT ACCESS TO FILES + +=item CAVEATS + +=item SUBCLASSING + +=item WHAT ABOUT C? + +=item AUTHOR + +=item LICENSE + +=item WARRANTY + +=item THANKS + +=item TODO + +=back + =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied handles @@ -17133,7 +20225,8 @@ EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this =back -=head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes +=head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash, Tie::ExtraHash - base class definitions for +tied hashes =over 4 @@ -17144,12 +20237,34 @@ EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this -=item CAVEATS +=item Inheriting from B + +=item Inheriting from B + +=item C and C =item MORE INFORMATION =back +=head2 Tie::Memoize - add data to hash when needed + +=over 4 + +=item SYNOPSIS + +=item DESCRIPTION + +=item Inheriting from B + +=item EXAMPLE + +=item BUGS + +=item AUTHOR + +=back + =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys =over 4 @@ -17206,20 +20321,29 @@ timers gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [, $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ), -alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer, -getitimer ( $which ) +alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer ( +$which, $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), getitimer ( +$which ) =item EXAMPLES =item C API +=item DIAGNOSTICS + +=over 4 + +=item negative time not invented yet + +=item internal error: useconds < 0 (unsigned ... signed ...) + +=back + =item CAVEATS =item AUTHORS -=item REVISION - -=item COPYRIGHT +=item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE =back @@ -17235,6 +20359,10 @@ getitimer ( $which ) =item BUGS +=item SUPPORT + +=item AUTHOR + =back =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime() @@ -17287,12 +20415,15 @@ function =item DESCRIPTION -$obj->isa( TYPE ), CLASS->isa( TYPE ), isa( VAL, TYPE ), $obj->can( METHOD -), CLASS->can( METHOD ), can( VAL, METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ) +C<< $obj->isa( TYPE ) >>, C<< CLASS->isa( TYPE ) >>, C, +C, C<$obj>, C, C, C<< $obj->can( METHOD ) >>, C<< +CLASS->can( METHOD ) >>, C, C + +=item EXPORTS =back -=head2 Unicode::Collate - use UCA (Unicode Collation Algorithm) +=head2 Unicode::Collate - Unicode Collation Algorithm =over 4 @@ -17304,36 +20435,56 @@ $obj->isa( TYPE ), CLASS->isa( TYPE ), isa( VAL, TYPE ), $obj->can( METHOD =item Constructor and Tailoring -alternate, backwards, entry, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level, normalization, -overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table, undefName, -undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower +UCA_Version, alternate, backwards, entry, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level, +normalization, overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table, +undefName, undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower -=item Other methods +=item Methods for Collation C<@sorted = $Collator-Esort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result = $Collator-Ecmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-Eeq($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-Ene($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-Elt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-Ele($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-Egt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-Ege($a, $b)>, -C<$sortKey = $Collator-EgetSortKey($string)>, C<$position = -$Collator-Eindex($string, $substring)>, C<($position, $length) = -$Collator-Eindex($string, $substring)> +C<$sortKey = $Collator-EgetSortKey($string)>, C<$sortKeyForm = +$Collator-EviewSortKey($string)> + +=item Methods for Searching + +C<$position = $Collator-Eindex($string, $substring[, $position])>, +C<($position, $length) = $Collator-Eindex($string, $substring[, +$position])>, C<$match_ref = $Collator-Ematch($string, $substring)>, +C<($match) = $Collator-Ematch($string, $substring)>, C<@match = +$Collator-Egmatch($string, $substring)>, C<$count = +$Collator-Esubst($string, $substring, $replacement)>, C<$count = +$Collator-Egsubst($string, $substring, $replacement)> + +=item Other Methods + +C<%old_tailoring = $Collator-Echange(%new_tailoring)>, UCA_Version, +Base_Unicode_Version =item EXPORT =item CAVEAT +=item Conformance Test + =back =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO -Unicode Collation Algorithm - Unicode TR #10, L +http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr10/, +http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr10/allkeys.txt, +http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr10/CollationTest.html +http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr10/CollationTest.zip, +http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/, L =back -=head2 Unicode::Normalize - normalized forms of Unicode text +=head2 Unicode::Normalize - Unicode Normalization Forms =over 4 @@ -17341,12 +20492,36 @@ Unicode Collation Algorithm - Unicode TR #10, L =item DESCRIPTION -C<$string_NFD = NFD($raw_string)>, C<$string_NFC = NFC($raw_string)>, -C<$string_NFKD = NFKD($raw_string)>, C<$string_NFKC = NFKC($raw_string)>, -C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $raw_string)> - =over 4 +=item Normalization Forms + +C<$NFD_string = NFD($string)>, C<$NFC_string = NFC($string)>, +C<$NFKD_string = NFKD($string)>, C<$NFKC_string = NFKC($string)>, +C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $string)> + +=item Decomposition and Composition + +C<$decomposed_string = decompose($string)>, C<$decomposed_string = +decompose($string, $useCompatMapping)>, C<$reordered_string = +reorder($string)>, C<$composed_string = compose($string)> + +=item Quick Check + +C<$result = checkNFD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFC($string)>, C<$result = +checkNFKD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFKC($string)>, C<$result = +check($form_name, $string)> + +=item Character Data + +C<$canonical_decomposed = getCanon($codepoint)>, +C<$compatibility_decomposed = getCompat($codepoint)>, +C<$codepoint_composite = getComposite($codepoint_here, $codepoint_next)>, +C<$combining_class = getCombinClass($codepoint)>, C<$is_exclusion = +isExclusion($codepoint)>, C<$is_singleton = isSingleton($codepoint)>, +C<$is_non_starter_decomposition = isNonStDecomp($codepoint)>, +C<$may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($codepoint)> + =item EXPORT =back @@ -17355,7 +20530,8 @@ C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $raw_string)> =item SEE ALSO -L, http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/ +http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/, +http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt =back @@ -17503,24 +20679,26 @@ Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(), Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(), Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE), Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(), -Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME), -Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME), -Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(), +Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFolderPath(FOLDER [, +CREATE]), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME), Win32::GetLastError(), +Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), +Win32::GetOSVersion(), Win32::GetOSName(), Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE, PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown, Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME), Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID, SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE), Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(), -Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY), -Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS, -PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME) +Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetChildShowWindow(SHOWWINDOW), +Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY), Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), +Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS, PID), +Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME) =back =back -=head2 XS::Typemap - module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl +=head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code =over 4 @@ -17528,23 +20706,23 @@ PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME) =item DESCRIPTION -=back - =over 4 -=item NOTES +=item Migration from C -=item AUTHOR +=item Backward compatible boilerplate =back -=head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code +=item Order of initialization: early load() =over 4 -=item SYNOPSIS +=item The most hairy case -=item DESCRIPTION +=back + +=item LIMITATIONS =item AUTHOR @@ -17559,21 +20737,29 @@ don't all have manual pages yet: =item a2p -=item s2p +=item c2ph -=item find2perl +=item dprofpp =item h2ph -=item c2ph - =item h2xs -=item xsubpp +=item perlbug + +=item perldoc + +=item pl2pm + +=item pod2html =item pod2man -=item wrapsuid +=item s2p + +=item splain + +=item xsubpp =back